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Основы бухгалтерского учета

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1. Iiiyoea i AO. Aai ?ieue e cia/aiea a nenoaia oi?aaeaiey

Aoo. o/ao – nenoaia iai?a?uaiiai nieioiiai e acaeiinaycaiiiai
iaaethaeaiey e eiio?iey ca oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoueth i?aaei?eyoey.

Aoo. o/ao – yoi no?iai aeieoiaioe?iaaiiue o/ao. Ie iaeia caienue caeanue
ia i?iecaiaeeoueny aac oi/iiai ioi?ieaiey aeieoiaioa. Aoo. o/ao ia
aeiioneaao auai?i/iinoe ie ai a?aiaie, ie a i?-aa. Aeaiiua aoo. o/aoa
eni. aeey iaaethaeaiey e eiio?iey ca oic. aeayo. i?aaei?eyoey.

Oic. aeayo i?aaei?eyoey iai?. ia inou. i?-aa, ?ani?aaeaeaiey, iaiaia e
iio?aaeaiey iaoa?eaeueiuo aeaa iaiaoiae. iauanoao.

Oi?aaeyoue oic. aeayoaeueiinoueth i?aaei?eyoey iiaeii oieueei i?e
iaee/ee eioi?iaoeee i eie-aa e ea/-aa i?ienoiaeyueo ia i?aaei?eyoee
yeiiii. i?ioeannia. Ia?ae/iua aeaiiua i oaeoao oic. aeayo. io?aae. a
aoo. o/aoa- yoi niinianoaoao nenoaiaoecaoeee ?aciauaiiuo aeaiiuo a
iaiauaiioth oa?aeoa?enoeeo ii?aae. yaeaiee oic. aeayo. i?aaei?eyoey, a
oaeaea oi?ie?iaaieth yeiiii. iieacaoaeae.

A ioee/ea io ae?oaeo aeaeia o/aoa aoo. o/ao yaeyaony nenoaiiui. A iai
io?aaeaaony eaaeaeay auiieiaiiay oic. iia?aoeey a iaoo?., o?oae. e aeai.
au?aaeaieyo. Yeiiii. i?ioeannu iaiauathony a aoo. o/aoa eae aeaeaeaiea
noieiinoe. Yoi iicaieyao iieo/eoue eioi?iaoeeth i aiiaue nicaeaiiie
noieiinoe, e ?ani?aaeaeaiee e ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiee.

Eioi?iaoeey i i?eauee i?aaei?eyoey ii?iaeaeaaony iooai niiinoaaeaiey a
nenoaia aoo o/aoa aeioiaeia e ?anoiaeia i?aaei?eyoey. I?e ae?oaeo aeaeao
o/aoa yoo eioi?iaoeeth iieo/eoue iaeuecy.

AO ea?aao aaaeioth ?ieue a ioeaiea iauaeoia o/aoa e ii?aaeaeaiee eo
naaanoieiinoe (eaeueeoee?iaaiea). A ianoiyuaa a?aiy a oneiaeyo
eioaineoeeaoeee iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa o?aaoaony niaa?oainoaiaaiea
oicyenoaaiiiai iaoaiecia e i?aaeaea anaai oic?an/aoiuo ioiioaiee,
yeiiiie/aneiai noeioee?iaaiey, eiio?iey ?oaeai ca i?-aii e ?ani-ai. A
yoeo oneiaeyo cia/. eioi?iaoeee aooo/aoa a oi?aaeaiee i?-ai aua aieueoa
aic?ano.

2. Iieueciaaoaee aeaiiuo AO

Aioo?aiiea:

1. Ianoiyuea aeaaeaeueoeu oe?iu (o?iaaiue i?eauee)

2. ?aaioieee i?aaei?eyoey (CI)

Aiaoiea:

1. Aoaeouea aeaaeaeueoeu (o?iaaiue i?eauee)

2. E?aaeeoi?u (ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoue)

3. Eeeaiou e iieoiaoaee (oeaiu)

4. Ain. neoaeau (aeioiaeu e o?iaaiue % io/eneaiee)

5. Iauanoaaiiinoue (yeieiaey …)

3. Oeiainiaue e oi?aaeai/aneee o/ao

Aoo O/ao i?aaenoaaeyo niaie neno., eio. ecia?yao, ia?aaaouaaao e
ia?aaeaao eio-oeeth aeey i?eiyoey ?aoaiee.

?acee/atho oi?aaeai/aneee e oeiainiaue o/ao.

Oi?aaeai/aneee o/ao ioaaouaaao ana aeaeu o/aoiie eioi?iaoeee, eioi?ay
ecia?yaony, ia?aaaouaaaony e ia?aaeaaony aeey aioo?aiiaai eniieueciaaiey
?oeiaiaenoaii i?aaei?eyoey.

Iniiaiay ooieoeey – ii?aaeaeaiea n-noe. Eioi?iaoeey oi?aaeai/aneiai
o/aoa aeieaeia auoue:

1) iieaciie aeey oi?aaeaiey e ioiineoaeueii iaaei?iaie;

2) ioiineony e oie /anoe i?aaei?., eioi?ay ei ?oeiaiaeeo;

3) aeeth/aoue ieaie?iaaiea ia ia?niaeoeao.

Oeiainiaue o/ao ioaaouaaao o/aoioth eioi?iaoeeth, eioi?ay iiieii
eniieueciaaiey aa aioo?e i?aaei?eyoey niiauaaony oai, eoi iaoiaeeony aia
i?aaiecaoeee. Aaaeaony a niioaaonoaee n caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii e
onoaiiaeaiiuie noaiaea?oaie. N aai iiiiuueth ii?aae. ana, e?iia n-noe, a
eiaiii: – aii?oecaoeey; – ?an/aou n ae?. i?aaei?eyoeie; – o/ao oeai.aoi;
– o/ao oiiaeia; – CI; – o/ao aaieianeeo iia?aoeee e ae?.

Oeiainiaue o/ao ioiineony ei anaio i?aaei?eyoeth. Iieueciaaoaee
oei.o/aoa:

1) aeaaeaeueoeu i?aaei?eyoee, eiiiaiee (ianoiyuea e aoaeouea). Eo
eioa?anu: eiaaony ee aeinoaoi/iue o?iaaiue i?eauee ia i?aaei?eyoee.

2) e?aaeeoi?u – eo eioa?anoao a n?ie ee i?aaei?eyoea ?ann/eoaaony n
aeieaaie.

3) ?aaioiee i?aaei?eyoey – ca?ieaoa.

4) eeeaiou – oeaiu i?aaei?eyoey.

5) ain. neoaeaa – aeioiae i?aaei?eyoey.

6) iauanoaaiiinoue – ia i?eaaaeao ee aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaei?eyoey e
yeieiae/aneie eaoano?ioa, caa?yc. ie?. N?aaeu.

4. Oa?-ea aooaaeoa?neie i?ioannee

Aoo O/ao ii?iaeee eioa?anioth, oai?/aneoth (!) e oi?ioi iiea/eaaaioth
i?ioanneth.

Eae i?aaeei aooaaeoa? niaoeeaeece?oaony ii neaaeothuei iaeanoyi:

– oi?aaeai/aneee o/ao (iaania/eoue ?oeiaiaenoai i?aaei?eyoea
iaiaoiaeeiie eioi?iaoeeae aeey i?eiyoey oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee. Aeey
oneeaiey yooaeoeaiinoe aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey e i?aaeioa?auaiey
oeuaiee aooaaeoa? iaycai nicaeaaaoue nenoaio aioo?aiiaai eiio?iey. Ii
i?eieiaao o/anoea a ieaie?iaaiee i?eauee i?aaei?eyoey, a ninoaaeaiee
niao e eiio?iey ca cao?aoaie);

– aooaaeoa?neay aeayoaeueiinoue (eiio?ieue ca aeieoiaioiiai?ioii,
i?aaeeueiinoueth aeie-ia; iiaeaioiaea io/aoiinoe, niaethae. iaeiaiaiai
cae-aa.);

– aoaeeoi?neay aeayoaeueiinoue (Caeeth/aiea i i?aaaeeainoe oeiainiaiai
io/aoa, onoaiiaea aeinoiaa?iinoe ?acoeoaoia eiaaioa?ecaoeee, i?iaa?ea
aioo?aiiae nenoaiu eiio?iey, ?aaeueiie aeaa. caaeieaeaiiinoe, ia?ae/iie
aeie-oeee, niioaaonoaey i?aaiecaoeee o/aoa ia oe?ia n iauai?eiyoie);

– iaeiaiiaeiaeaiea (niaethaeaiea iaeiaiaiai cae-aa, iiaeaioiaea
iaeiaiaie aeaeea?aoeee e ?ac?aaioea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii nie?auaieth
iaeiaiauo io/eneaiee ia aoae. ia?eiae).

5. ?ieue aooaaeoa?a a oi?aaeaiee i?aaei?eyoeai

Aooaaeoa? ii oi?aaeai/aneiio o/aoo ieacuaaao aieueoia aeeyiea ia
i?eiyoea oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee. Iniiaiay caaea/a aooaaeoa?a –
iaania/eoue ?oeiaiaenoai i?aaei?eyoea iaiaoiaeeiie eioi?iaoeeae aeey
i?eiyoey oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee. Aeey oneeaiey yooaeoeaiinoe
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey e i?aaeioa?auaiey oeuaiee aooaaeoa? iaycai
nicaeaaaoue nenoaio aioo?aiiaai eiio?iey. Ii i?eieiaao o/anoea a
ieaie?iaaiee i?eauee i?aaei?eyoey, a ninoaaeaiee niao e eiio?iey ca
cao?aoaie.

A iaycaiiinoue aooaaeoa?a aoiaeeo: eiio?ieue ca i?aaeeueiinoueth nino.
aeieoiaioia e aeieoiaioiiai?ioia, iiaeaioiaea niioaaonoaothueo oei.
io/aoia, niaethaeaiea i?aae-ai iaeiaiaiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa e ain.
?aaoee?iaaiey.

Aaaeiaeoae ioee/eoaeueiie ooieoeeae aooaaeoa?ia yaeyaony i?iaaaeaiea
aoaeeoi?neeo i?iaa?ie, eioi?ua ninoiyo a i?iaa?ea e enneaaeiaaiee oei.
io/aoia. Iniiaiay caaea/a aoaeeoi?a – i?aaeinoaaeaiea i?ioanneiiaeueiiai
caeeth/aiey i i?aaaeeainoe oei. io/aoa. Aoaeeoi? a i?ioeanna naiae
aoaeeo. aeayoaeueiinoe aeieaeai i?iaa?eoue ia?ae/ioth aeieoiaioaoeeth,
inoaoee aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa i?aaei?eyoey, onoaiiaeoue aeinoiaa?iinoue
i?iaiaeeiie ia i?aaei?eyoee eiaaioa?ecaoeee iaoa?eaeueiuo 6oeaiiinoae,
i?iaa?eoue ?aaeueiinoue aeaaeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe e yooaeoeaiinoue
nenoaiu aioo?eoicyenoaaiiiai eiio?iey. Aoaeeoi? iaycai i?iaa?eoue
i?aaiecaoeee o/aoa ia i?aaei?eyoee iauai?eiyoie i?aeoeea a niioaaonoaee
n Iieiaeaieai ii AO e io/aoiinoe.

A iaeanoe iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey aooaaeoa? iiiiaaao i?aaei?eyoeth
iiaeaioiaeoue iaeiaiaoth aeaeea?aoeeth, a oaeaea ?ac?aaioaoue
?aeiiaiaeaoeee aeey nie?auaiey iaeiaia a aoaeouai.

6. I?aaeiao AO

Aoo O/ao eniieuecoaony aeey iaaethaeaiey e eiio?iey ca oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoueth i?aaei?eyoey, i?iecaiaenoaaiiie e iai?iecaiaenoaaiiie
noa?u.

E i?iecaiaenoaaiiie noa?a ioiinyony i?aaei?eyoey, eioi?ua i?iecaiaeyo
iaoa?eaeueiua aeaaa: i?iiuoeaiiua, no?ieoaeueiua, naeueneioicyenoaaiiua.
I?iecaiaenoaaiiua i?aaei?eyoey caiyou i?iaeaeaeaieai iaoa?eaeueiuo aeaa
io i?iecaiaeeoaeae e iio?aaeoaeyi.

Iai?iecaiaenoa. i?-y ieacuaatho oneoae ianaeaieth. E iei ioiineony:
cae?aaiio?aiaiea, ia?aciaaiea e o.ae.

Iniiaiay caaea/a i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey –
aini?iecaiaenoai iauanoaaiiiai i?iaeoeoa, eioi?ay ninoieo ec ioaeaeueiuo
acaeiinaycaiiuo iiiaioia: i?iecaiaenoai, ?ani?aaeaeaiea, iaiai e
iio?aaeaiea. Aeaaioth ?ieue a aini?iecaiaenoaa i?eiaaeeaaeeo
i?iecaiaenoao iaiaoiaeeiuo iaoa?eaeueiuo aeaa.

AO ia i?aaei?eyoeyo noa?u iao. i?i-aa io?aaeaao ninoiyiea e
eniieueciaaiea n?aaenoa i?aaei?eyoey a i?ioeanna i?iecaiaenoaa. A
i?aaiec. e o/?aaeae. iai?iecaiaenoath noa?u AO io?aaeaao iaee/ea e
?anoiaeiaaiea n?aaenoa i?e auiieiaiee eo ooieoeee.

O.i. i?aaeiaoii AO yae ninoiyiea e eniieueciaaiea n?aaenoa i?aaei?eyoey
(i?aaiec., o/?aaeae.) a i?ioeanna aini?iecaiaenoaa.

8. Eeanneoeeaoeey eiouanoaa i?aaei?eyoey ii ooieoeeiiaeueiie ?iee e
enoi/ieeai ia?aciaaiey

Inouanoaeyy oic. aeayoaeueiinoue, i?aaei?eyoea ?aniieaaaao ?acee/iuie
aeaeaie eiouanoaa: caeaiey, iai?oaeiaaiey, i/i, iaoa?eaeu e eino?oiaiou,
aeai. n?-aa e o.ae.

Aeey i?aaeeueiie i?aaiecaoeee AO ana eiouanoai i?aaei?eyoey
eeanneoeoee?oaony ii aeaoi i?eciaeai:

1. ii ooieoeeiiaeueiie ?iee

2. ii enoi/ieeai ia?aciaaiey e iacia/aiey

Eeanneoeeaoeeyeiouanoaa ii ooieoeeiiaeueiie ?iee

Eiouanoai i?aaei?. e i?aaiecaoeee eeanneoeoee?oaony ia:

1. iaiai?ioiua aeoeau, eio. iiae?acaeaeythony ia

– nianoaaiiua

– a?aiaeiaaiiua

E iei ioiinyony: caeaiey, nii?oaeaiey, ia?aaeaoi/iua ono?ienoaa, iaoeiu
e iai?oaeiaaiea, i?iecaiaenoaaiiue e oic. eiaaioa?ue, ?aai/ee e
i?iaeoeoeaiue neio, iiiaieaoiea ianaaeaeaiey (caiey i?e /anoiie
nianoaaiiinoe).

2. iai?ioiua aeoeau

– I?aaeiaou o?oaea: caianu nu?uey, iaoa?eaeu, oiieeai, (IAI), caianiua
/anoe, oa?a.

– I?aaeiaou ia?auaiey: iacaaa?oaiiia i?iecaiaenoai, aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey,
oiaa?u ioa?oaeaiiua, ?anoiaeu aoaeoueo ia?eiaeia.

3. oeiainiaua aeoeau

– Aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa: eanna, ?/n, aaethoiue n/ao, oaeouee n/ao.

– OeA: aeoeee, aaenaey, iaeeaaoeey, na?oeoeeaou.

– N?aaenoaa a ?an/aoao yaeythony eiouanoaii i?aaei?eyoey: i/eeoea,
i?i/ea aeaaeoi?u, iieoiaoaee (i?aaei?eyoey, i?aia?eo. i?iaeoeoeeth),
aaain auaeaiiue.

– Oeiainiaua aeiaeaiey: aeieain?i/iia – aieaa 1 aiaea e?aoein?i/iia –
iaiaa 1 aiaea

4. iaiaoa?eaeueiua aeoeau

I?aai iieueciaaiey caieae, aiaeie e ae?oaeie i?e?iaeiuie ?ano?naie,
i?aai ia eioaeeaeooaeueioth nianoaaiiinoue, iaoaiou , eeoeaicee e ae?.

Eeanneoeeaoeey ii enoi/ieeai ia?aciaaiey e iacia/aieth:

1. enoi/ieee nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa

– Eaieoae: onoaaiie, aeiaaai/iue, ?aca?aiue

– Oiiaeu: niaoe. iacia/aiey (iaeiieaiey e iio?aaeaiey), ?aca?aiue oiiae,
aii?oecaoeeiiiue oiiae

– Athaeaeaoi. oeiaine?. – oeaeaaia oeiaine?.

– ?aca?au: ?aca?a i?aaenoiyueo ?anoiaeia e ieaoaaeae, ?aca?a ii
niiieoaeueiui aeieaai, aa?aioeeiue ?aca?a.

– I?eaueue: i?eaueue io/aoi. aiaea, ia?ani?aae. i?eaueue io/aoiiai aiaea
e i?ioeuo eao, aeioiaeu aoaeoueo ia?eiaeia.

9. Iaoiae AO

Iaoiae – niinia iiciaiey oiai eee eiiai yaeaiey.

Iaoiae aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa yoi niaieoiiinoue niiniaia e i?eaiia,
iicaieythueo iieo/eoue ananoi?iiithth oa?aeoa?enoeeo oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey. Iaoiae iaoneiaeai i?aaeiaoii o/aoa,
iniiaiuie caaea/aie, noiyueie ia?aae iei, e i?aaeuyaeyaiuie e o/aoo
o?aaiaaieyie. Ii i?aaenoaaeyao niaie nieioiia aeieoiaioaeueii
iainiiaaiiia io?aaeaiea iauaeoia aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa e yeiiiie/aneia
iaiauaiea eo a aeaiaaeiie ioeaiea ii ea/anoaaiii iaeii?iaeiui, aioo?aiia
naycaiiui iaaeaeo niaie i?eciaeai aeey iieo/aiey ?acoeueoaoia
oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.

E iniiaiui neaaaaiui (yeaiaioai) iaoiaea aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa ioiinyony:
niiniau ia?ae/iiai iaaethaeaiey ca iauaeoaie o/aoa (aeieoiaioaoeey e
eiaaioa?ecaoeey); niiniau noieiinoiiai ecia?aiey iauaeoia o/aoa (ioeaiea
e eaeueeoeyoeey); niiniau oaeouae a?oiie?iaee aeaiiuo ia iauaeoao o/aoa
(nenoaia n/aoia e aeaieiay caienue); niiniau eoiaiaiai iaiauaiey aeaiiuo
o/aoa (aaeain e io/aoiinoue) .

Ana oicyenoaaiiua i?ioeannu, eco/aaiua aooaaeoa?neei o/aoii, iaiauathony
a eo aaeeinoaa, acaeiinayce e acaeiicaaeneiinoe iooai aeaiaaeiiai
au?aaeaiey.

2. enoi/ieee caaiiuo n?aaenoa

– e?aaeeou aaiea (aeieain?i/iua, e?aoein?i/iua)

– Caaiiua n?-aa (e?aoein?i/iua, aeieain?i/iua)

– E?aaeeoi?neay caaeieaeaiiinoue – iaycaoaeuenoaa ia?aae iinoaaueeaie,
ia?aae i?i/eie e?aaeeoi?aie, a?aiaeiua iaycaoaeuenoaa

– Iaycaoaeuenoaa ii ?ani?aaeaeaieth iauano. i?iaeoeoa (ia?aae
?aaioieeaie ii iieaoa o?oaea, ii nioeeaeueiiio no?aoiaaieth, ia?aae
athaeaeaoii, ii eiouanoao e ee/iiio no?aoiaaieth e o.ae.)

10. Yeaiaiou iaoiaea AO

Aeieoiaioaoeey e eiaaioa?ecaoeey.

Aeieoiaioaoeey – ienueiaiiia naeaeaoaeuenoai i niaa?oaiiie oic.
iia?aoeee. Aeieoiaioaoeey i?eaeaao th?eaee/aneoth neeo aeaiiui aoo.
o/aoa. Oic. iia?aoeee ia ioi?ieaiiua aeieoiaioaeueii eiatho iacaeiiiue
oa?aeoa? e iaeacuaathony th?eaee/anee e aaeieieno?aoeaii.

A aoo. o/aoa niaa?oathony oieueei oa oic. iia?aoeee, eioi?ua i?aaeeueii
aeieoiaioaeueii ioi?ieaiu e eiatho ?aeaeceou, i?aaeoniio?aiiua
noaiaea?oii.

Ia ana oic. iia?aoeee iiaeii ioi?ieoue aeieoiaioaeueii a iiiaio eo
niaa?oaiey. Oaeea iia?aoeee, eae i?aaeei, io?aaeathony a ?acoeueoaoa
i?iaaaeaiey eiaaioa?ecaoeee.

Eiaaioa?ecaoeey – i?iaa?ea iaee/ey e nio?aiiinoe eiouanoaa.

E oaeei oic. iia?aoeeyi ioiinyony: iaaeinoa/a eiouanoaa, eceeoee
eiouanoaa, ii?/a e iioa?y ii ?acee/iui i?e/eiai.

N/aoa e aeaieiay caienue.

N/aoa aoo.o/aoa i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey iaiauaiiie a?oiie?iaee e oaeouaai
o/aoa anao oic. iia?aoeee. Ia eaaeaeue aeae eiouanoaa i?aaei?eyoey
ioe?uaaaony ioaeaeueiue n/ao, oic. iia?aoeee ia n/aoao io?aaeathony
aeaaaeaeu (aeaieiay caienue). Aeaieiay caienue iaania/eaaao eiio?ieue ca
aeaeaeaieai oic. eiouanoaa i?aaei?eyoey.

Ioeaiea e eaeueeoeyoeey.

Ana aeaeu eiouanoaa i?aaei?eyoey e enoi/ieee eo ia?aciaaiey io?aaeathony
a o/aoa a aeaiaaeiie ioeaiea. A eiioea io/aoiiai ia?eiaea ia
i?aaei?eyoee iaycaoaeueii ii?aaeaeyaony naaanoieiinoue ecaioaaeeaaaiie
i?iaeoeoeee, auiieiaiiuo ?aaio eee ieacaiiuo oneoa. ?an/ao naaanoieiinoe
iacuaaaony eaeueeoee?iaaieai.

Aaeain e io/aoiinoue.

A eiioea io/aoiiai ia?eiaea i?ienoiaeeo iaiauaiea e a?oiie?iaea a
aeaiaaeiie ioeaiea anao aeaeia eiouanoaa i?aaei?eyoey e enoi/ieeia eo
ia?aciaaiey. Niinia oaeie iaiauaiiie a?oiie?iaee iacuaaaony aaeainii.
Iiieii aaeaina ninoaaeyaony oaeaea io/aoiinoue, eioi?ay oa?aeoa?ecoao
oeiainiaoth aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaei?eyoey.

Ninoaaeaiea io/aoiinoe – caaa?oathuee yoai aaaeaiey aoo. o/aoa.

11. Aoo. aaeain e aai no?iaiea

Aaaeiaeoei yeaiaioii AO yaeyaony aoo. aaeain.

Aaeain yoi niinia iaiauaiiie a?oiie?iaee e oaeouaai o/aoa eiouanoaa
i?aaei?eyoey ii ooieoeeiiaeueiie ?iee e enoi/ieeai aai ia?aciaaiey a
aeaiaaeiie ioeaiea ia ii?aaeaeaiioth aeaoo. Yoi oaaeeoea, eioi?ay
ninoieo ec aeaoo /anoae.

Aeoea Iannea Eiouanoai ii aeaeai e ooieoeeiiaeueiie ?iee.Eiouanoai ii
enoi/ieeai ia?aciaaiey e iacia/aiey.Aeoeau: iai?io., iaiai?io., oei.,
iaiaoa?. Enoi/ieee nianoaaiiuo, caaiiuo n?aaenoa.Eoiai:Eoiai:

Iieacaoaee a aaeaina iacuaathony noaoueyie aaeaina. Eoiae a aaeaina
iacuaathony aaethoie aaeaina. Iniaaiiinoueth aaeaina yaeyaony oi, /oi
aaethoa aeoeaa aaeaina = aaethoa ianneaa aaeaina. Aaeain ninoaaeyaony ia
1 /enei io/aoiiai ia?eiaea a 1000-ao ?oaeae.

Aeoea e iannea aaeaina ninoieo ec ioaeaeueiuo ?acaeaeia e noaoae.

No?oeoo?a e niaea?aeaiea aeoeaa aaeaina.

Aeoea ninoieo ec 3 ?acaeaeia.

1) Iniiaiua n?aaenoaa e i?i/ea aiaiai?ioiua aeoeau: – iaiaoa?eaeueiua
aeoeau; – iniiaiua n?aaenoaa; – iacaaa?oaiiua eaiaeiaeaiey; –
aeieain?i/iua oeiainiaua aeiaeaiey; – ?an/aou n o/?aaeeoaeyie e ae?.

2) Caianu e cao?aou: – i?iecaiaenoaaiiua caianu; – IAI;

– iacaaa?oaiiia i?iecaiaenoai; – ?anoiaeu aoaeoueo ia?eiaeia; – aioiaay
i?iaeoeoeey e ae?.

3)Aeai. n?aaenoaa, ?an/aou e i?. aeoeau: – oiaa?u ioa?oaeaiiua; –
?an/aou n aeaaeoi?aie; – aaainu auaeaiiua; – aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa e ae?.

Iannea aaeaina.

1) Enoi/ieee nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa: – onoaaiie eaieoae; – aeiaaai/iue
eaieoae; – ?aca?aiue eaieoae; – oiiae iaeiieaiey; – ?aca?aiue oiiae; –
oeaeaaia oeiaine?iaaiea; – i?eaueue io/aoiiai aiaea; – i?eaueue
ia?ani?aaeaeaiiay io/aoiiai aiaea; – ia?ani?aaeaeaiiay i?eaueue i?ioeuo
eao.

2) ?an/aou e i?i/ea ianneau (enoi/ieee caaiiuo n?aaenoa): –
aeieain?i/iia e?aaeeou aaieia; – aeieain?i/iua caeiu; – e?aoein?i/iua
caeiu; – ?an/aou n e?aaeeoi?aie ii iaycaoaeuenoaai ii ?ani?aaeaeaieth; –
?an/aou n o/?aaeeoaeyie;- aeioiaeu aoaeoueo ia?eiaeia; – oiiaeu
iio?aaeaiey; – ?aca?au i?aaenoiyueo ?anoiaeia e ieaoaaeae; – ?aca?au ii
niiieoaeueiui aeieaai.

12. Aeaeu aaeaina

A caaeneiinoe io iacia/aiey, niaea?aeaiey e ii?yaeea ninoaaeaiey
?acee/atho ianeieueei aeaeia aaeainia:

1) naeueaeiaue 2) iai?ioiue 3) anooieoaeueiue 4) caeeth/eoaeueiue 5)
eeeaeaeaoeeiiiue 6) i?iaeci?iue 7) naiaeiue (eiinieeaea?iue) 8) a?oooi
9) iaooi

1) Naeueaeiaue – oa?aeoa?ecoao a aeaiaaeiie ioeaiea eiouanoai
i?aaei?eyoey e enoi/ieee eo ia?aciaaiey ia ii?aaeaeaiioth aeaoo.
Naeueaeiaue aaeain ninoaaeyaony aooaaeoa?eae i?aaei?eyoey iooai
iiaen/aoa inoaoeia ii n/aoai.

2) Iai?ioiue. A yoii aaeaina, e?iia inoaoeia eiouanoaa e enoi/ieeia eo
ia?aciaaiey ia ia/aei e eiiaoe io/aoiiai ia?eiaea niaea?aeaony oaeaea
aeaiiua i aeaeaeaiee eiouanoaa.

AeoeaNoiiaEiouanoaiInoaoieIai?ioInoaoieia 1.01.95Iino.Aua.ia
1.04.95IanneaNoiiaEnoi/ieeeInoaoieIai?ioInoaoieia?aciaaieyia
1.01.95Iino.Aua.ia 1.04.95

3)Anooieoaeueiue – naiue ia?aue aaeain, eioi?ue ninoaaeyaony ia
i?aaei?eyoee. Oa?aeoa?ecoao ninoiyiea eiouanoaa i?aaei?eyoey ia ia/aei
aai oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe .A aeoeaa aai io?aaeaaony ninoaa
eiouanoaa aiiaue ia?aciaaiiiai i?aaei?eyoey, a a ianneaa – enoi/iee aai
ia?aciaaiey. Anooieoaeueiue aaeain, eae i?aaeei , niaea?aeeo iaiueoa
noaoae, /ai ana iineaaeothuea aaeainu, o.e. a iai iao noaoae, eioi?ua
oa?aeoa?ecotho oicyenoaaiioth aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaei?eyoey.

4)Caeeth/eoaeueiue aaeain – yoi io/aoiue aeieoiaio ii i?iecaiaenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey ca ii?aaeaeaiiue ia?eiae a?aiaie (eaa?oae,
aiae). Ninoaaeyaony ia iniiaa i?iaa?aiiuo aooaaeoa?neeo caienae.

5)Eeeaeaeaoeeiiiue aaeain – yoi iineaaeiee aaeain a aeecie i?aaei?eyoey.
Ii ninoaaeyaony aeey aiaeeca ninoiyiey eiouanoaa eeeaeaee?oaiiai
i?aaei?eyoey, iai?eia?, i?aaei?eyoey-aaie?ioa.

6) I?iaeci?iue aaeain (a ?innee ia ninoaaeyaony) – yoi i?aaeaa?eoaeueiue
aaeain. Ii ninoaaeyaony ca?aiaa ia eiiaoe aiaea. Oeaeue aai ninoaaeaiey
– ca?aiaa ii?aaeaeeoue oeiainiaia iieiaeaiea i?aaei?eyoey, a eioi?ii iii
iiaeao ieacaoueny a eiioea aiaea. Ii ninoaaeyaony enoiaey ec oaeoe/aneeo
aeaiiuo e iaeeaeaaiuo eciaiaiee ia iineaaeothuee ia?eiae.

7) Naiaeiue niaea?aeeo iaiauaiiua iieacaoaee aeayoaeueiinoe ?yaea
i?aaei?eyoee, eioi?ua aoiaeyo a ninoaa oe?iu, ieienoa?noaa, annioeeaoeee
e ae?. no?oeoo?iuo iiae?acaeaeaiee. Aai ninoaaeytho oaeaea e
i?aaei?eyoey, eioi?ua eiatho a?oiio iiaeniaiuo iiae?acaeaeaiee.

13. Eciaiaiey a aaeaina iiae aicaeaenoaeai oic. iia?aoeee

Ana oic. iia?, yaeythueany ia?ae/iui iauaeoii AO, ioi?ieythony
aeieoiaioaeueii, iioii iie o/eouaathony ia n/aoao AO, a ia iniiaaiee
o/aoiuo aeaiuo ninoaaeyaony aaeain. Oae AA i?aaie/anee naycai ni n/aoaie
oaeouaai o/aoa. I?e yoii eaaeaeay, io?aaeaaiay iia?aoeey aiineo ii?aae.
eciaiaiey a AA. Ana oic. iia?aoeee ii i?eciaeo eo aeeyiey ia AA
naiaeyony e 4 oeiai:

1. Iinooieee aeaiueae a eanno n ?an/aoiiai n/aoa aeey auieaou ca?ieaou
a?acia?a 10000 oa

1 oei eciaiaiee a aaeaina – eciaiaiey i?ienoiaeyo a aeoeaa aaeaina;
iaeia noaouey oaaee/eaaaony; aoi?ay oiaiueoaaony ia yoo aea noiio.
Aaethoa aaeaina ia eciaiyaony, ?aaainoai nio?aiyaony

A+O1–O2=I.

2. *anoue i?eauee i?eniaaeeiyaony e oiiaeo iaeiieaiey: 3000 oa

2 oei eciaiaiee a aaeaina – eciaiaiey a ianneaa aaeaina: iaeia noaouey a
ianneaa aaeaina oaaee/eaaaony, ae?oaay oiaiueoaaony. Aaethoa aaeaina ia
iaiyaony, ?aaainoai nio?aiyaony:

A=I+O3–O4.

3. Iinooieee iaoa?eaeu io iinoaaueeia ia noiio 5000 oa

A+O1=I+O3

3 oei: Noaouey a aeoeaa aaeaina oaaee/eaaaony, a ianneaa noaouey
oaaee/eaaaony ia yoo aea noiio.Aaethoa oaaee/eaaaony , ?aaainoai
nio?aiyaony

4. Auaeaia ca?ieaoa ?aai/ei ec eannu i?aaei?eyoey a ?acia?a 5000 oa

4 oei: Oiaiueoaaony noaouey a aeoeaa aaeaina, ia yoo aea noiio
oiaiueoaaony noaouey a ianneaa.Aaethoa aaeaina oiaiueoaaony, ?aaainoai
nio?aiyaony.

AO2=IO4

8) Ii niiniao i/enoee aaeainu iiae?acaeaeythony ia aaeain a?oooi e
aaeain iaooi.

Aaeain a?oooi – yoi aaeain, eioi?ue aeeth/aao ?aaoee?othuea noaouee .

?aaoee?othueie iacuaathony noaouee, noiiu ii eioi?ui i?e ii?aaeaeaiee
oaeoe/aneie naaanoieiinoe au/eoathony ec noiiu ae?oaeo noaoae .Iai?eia?,
?aiaa aeey ?an/aoa inoaoi/iie noieiinoe iniiaiuo n?aaenoa ec noaouee
aeoeaa aaeaina “Iniiaiua n?aaenoaa” au/eoaee noaoueth ianneaa aaeaina
“Eciin iniiaiuo n?aaenoa”, e iieo/aee inoaoi/ioth noieiinoue.

Aaeain iaooi – yoi aaeain ec eioi?iai eneeth/aiu ?aaoee?othuea noaouee.
Eneeth/aiea ec iaai ?aaoee?othueo noaoae iacuaaaony aai i/enoeie. Aaeain
iaooi, eae i?aaeei, ninoaaeyaony i?e aiaeeca oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey
i?aaei?eyoey.

A iaaeaeoia?iaeiie i?aeoeea ?acaeaeyaony oaeaea aaeain ii niiniao
iino?iaiey ia aa?oeeaeueiue e ai?eciioaeueiue.

Ai?eciioaeueiue aaeain – aeoeau ?aniieaaathony ia o?iaia n ianneaaie.

Aa?oeeaeueiue aaeain: nia/aea ?aciauatho aeoea aaeaina, caoai
iiaen/eouaatho aaethou aeoeaa aaeaina; ieaea ?aniieaaatho noaouee
ianneaa aaeaina e iiaen/eouaaaony aaethoa ianneaa aaeaina.

Iniaaiiinoe aaeaina, eioi?ue ninoaaeyaony ia i?aaei?eyoee n
eaieoaeenoe/aneei niiniaii i?iecaiaenoaa:

Aeoea =Iannea+Eaieoae

14. N/aoa AO, eo no?iaiea e iacia/aiea

Aaaeiaeoee yeaiaio iaoiaea aoo. o/aoa – n/aoa. A i?ioeanna oei. e oic.
aeayoaeueiinoe niaa?oaaony aieueoia eiee/anoai oic. iia?aoeee, a eioi?uo
i?eieiaao o/anoea eiouanoai i?aaei?eyoey e enoi/iee aai ia?aciaaiey.
Aeey eiio?iey ca iaee/eai yoeo aeaeia eiouanoaa e oaeouaai o/aoa eo
aeaeaeaiey iaiaoiaeeii ana aeaeu eiouanoaa na?oie?iaaoue ii
ii?aaeaeaiiui i?eciaeai.

N yoie oeaeueth a aoo. o/aoa i?eiaiythony n/aoa. N/ao – yoi niinia
iaiauaiiie a?oie?iaee e oaeouaai o/aoa iaeii?iaeiuo n?aaenoa
i?aaei?eyoey. N/ao i?aaenoaaeyao niaie oaaeeoeo.

N/aoa iiae?acaeaeythony ia aeoeaiua e ianneaiua.

Aeoeaiuie iacuaatho n/aoa, eioi?ua i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey o/aoa eiouanoaa a
niioaaonoaee n eeanneoeeaoeeae ii ooieoeeiiaeueiie ?iee. Nioaaonoaotho
aeoeao aaeaina.

Ianneaiuie iacuaatho n/aoa, eioi?ua i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey o/aoa eiouanoaa
a niioaaonoaee n eeanneoeeaoeeaae ii enoi/ieeai ia?aciaaiey.
Nioaaonoaotho ianneao AA.

No?oeoo?a aeoeaiuo e iannneaiuo n/aoia:

Iai?io – noiia anao iia?aoeee.

Aeoeaiue n/ao: Eiia/iia naeueaei = ia/. inoaoie ii Ae.+iai?iou ii Ae. –
iai?iou ii E.

Ianenaiue n/ao: Eiia/iia naeueaei = ia/. inoaoie ii E. + iai?iou ii E –
iai?iou ii Ae.

E?iia aeoeaiuo n/aoia nou. aeoeaii-ianneaiua n/aoa, o eioi?uo inoaoie
iiaeao auoue eae ii aeaaaoo, oae e ii e?aaeaoo, a oaeaea iaeiia?aiaiii
ii aeaaaoo e ii e?aaeeoo – ?acaa?iooia naeueaei. *oiau iieo/eoue
naa?iooia naeueaei, ioaeii ec aieueoaai inoaoea au/anoue iaiueoee e
caienaoue ia ianoi aieueoaai.

Eiee/anoai n/aoia niioaaonoaoao eiee/anoao a?oiie?iaie eiouanoaa e
enoi/ieeia eo ia?aciaaiey. I?eia?ii aeoeaii-ianeaiiai n/aoa iiaeao auoue
n/ao “?an/aou n ?acee/iuie aeaaeoi?aie e e?aaeeoi?aie”; n/ao “I?eaueue e
oauoee”; n/ao “ ?an/aou n iiaeio/aoiuie eeoeaie” e ae?.

15. Aeaieiay caienue iia?aoeee ia n/aoao

A ?acoeueoaoa e?oaiiai?ioa oic. n?aaenoa i?ienoiaeeo aeaieiia eciaiaiea
a ninoaaa eiouanoaa i?aaei?eyoey. Io?aaeaiea oic. iia?aoeee aeaaaeaeu
iaeiie e oie aea noiiie ii Aeo iaeiiai n/aoa e ii Eo ae?. n/aoa –
aeaieiay caienue.

1) “Iinooieee aeaiueae a eanno n ?/n” A ?acoeueoaoa oic. iia?.
oaaee/eaathony aeai. n?aaenoaa a eanna e oiaiueoathony ia ?/n. O/ao
aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa a eanna aaaeaony ia n/aoa 50 “Eanna”, yoio n/ao
aeoeaiue e oaaee/aiea io?aaeaaony ii Aeo. A naith i/a?aaeue o/ao aeai.
n?aaenoa ia ?/n aaaeaony ia n/aoa 51 “?/n” a o.e. n/ao aeoeaiue, oi
oiaiueoaiea n?aaenoa io?aaeaaony ii Eo.

16. Ei??aniiiaeaioeey n/aoia

Aeaieiay caienue iacuaaaony oaeaea ei??aniiiaeaioeeae n/aoia.
Ei??aniiiaeaioeey auaaao i?inoay e neiaeiay.

I?inoie iacuaaaony ei??aniiiaeaioeey, eiaaea oic. iia?aoeey io?aaeaaony
ii 2 n/aoai (aeaaaoo iaeiiai e e?aaeeoo ae?oaiai).

Neiaeiie iacuaaaony ei??aniiiaeaioeey, i?e eioi?ie aeaaao iaeiiai n/aoa
ei??aniiiaee?oao n e?aaeeoii ianeieueeeo n/aoia eee e?aaeeo iaeiiai
ei??aniiiaee?oao n aeaaaoii ianeieueeeo n/aoia.

17. N/aoa neioaoe/aneiai e aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa. Eo iacia/aiea e
acaeiinaycue

Ana n/aoa aoo. o/aoa iiae?acaeaeythony ia neioaoe/aneea e aiaeeoe/aneea.

Neioaoe/aneea n/aoa i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey iaiauaiiie a?oiie?iaee eiouanoaa
i?aaei?eyoey. O/ao ia neioaoe/aneeo n/aoao aaaeaony oieueei a
noieiinoiuo ecia?eoaeyo. Iai?eia?, neioaoe/aneea n/aoa: Iniiaiua
n?aaenoaa, Iaoa?eaeu, Iaiaoa?eaeueiua aeoeau, Eanna, ?an/aoiue n/ao,
?an/aou n iiaeio/aoiuie eeoeaie, ?an/aou n iinoaaueeaie e iiae?yae/eeaie
, ?an/aou n ia?niiaeii ii iieaoa o?oaea.

Aiaeeoe/aneea n/aoa i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey aeaoaeece?iaaiiie a?oiie?iaee
eiouanoaa i?aaei?eyoey. Iie ioe?uaathony a ?acaeoee neioaoe/aneeo
n/aoia. O/ao ia aiaeeoe/aneeo n/aoao aaaeaony a iaoo?aeueiii e
noieiinoiii au?aaeaiee, ii ioaeaeueiui n/aoai a eiee/anoaaiii-noiiiaii
au?aaeaiee.

Iai?eia?, aiaeeoe/aneea n/aoa a ?acaeoea neioaoe/aneeo n/aoia: ?an/aou n
ia?niiaeii ii iieaoa o?oaea ioe?uaathony aiaeeoe/aneea n/aoa: n/ao
Eaaiia, Iao?ia, Neaei?ia e o.ae. A ?acaeoee neioaoe/aneeo n/aoia ?an/aou
n iinoaaueeaie e iiae?yae/eeaie ioe?uaathony aiaeeoe/aneea n/aoa: caaiae
Yeaeo?iiao, caaiae “Na?i e iieio” e o.ae.

Iaaeaeo aiaeeoe/. e neioaoe/ . n/aoaie nou. naycue:

1) Ia/aeueiue inoaoie neioaoe/. n/aoa ?aaai noiia ia/. inoaoeia
aiaeeoe/. n/aoia.

2) Iai?iou ii aeaaaoo neioaoe/. n/aoa ?aaiu noiia iai?ioia ii aeaaaoo
aiaeeoe/. n/aoia.

3) Iai?iou ii e?aaeaoo neioaoe/. n/aoa ?aaiu noiia iai?ioia ii e?aaeeoo
aiaeeoe/. n/aoia.

4) Eiia/iue inoaoie neio. n/aoa ?aaai noiia eiia/iuo inoaoeia aiaeeo.
n/aoi

5) Caienue iia?aoeee ii neioaeo/. n/aoo e aiaeeoe/. n/aoai aaaeaony a
iaeio e ooaea noi?iio.

6) Aiaeeoe/. ioe?uaatho a ?acaeoea neioaoe/aneeo.

18. Noan/aoa

E?iia aiaeeoe/. e neioaoe/. n/aoia nou. noan/aoa. Noan/aoa – yoi
i?iiaaeooi/iia caaii iaaeaeo neio. e aiaeeo. n/aoaie. N eo iiiiuueth
inouanoae. aeii a?oiie?iaea aeaiiuo aiaeeo. o/aoa n oeaeueth iaiauaiey
naaaeaiee ia ioaeaeueiuo iauaeoao aioo?e aeaiiiai neioaoe/. n/aoa.

ia?a/aiue noan/aoia yae. aaeeiui e iaycaoaeueiui aeey anao. Ii oeacuaaao
iai?aaeaiey, a eio. aeieaeia inouanoaeyony a?oiie?iaea aeaiiuo
aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa. Aeaaiaea?y yoiio iiaeii iieo/aoue iieacaoaee iauea
aeey aeaiiie io?anee e o.i..

Noan/aoa ia aaaeoony ia ioaeaeueiuo aeaieao eae n/aoa, a i?aaenoaaeytho
eeoue a?oiie?iaeo aiae. aeaiiuo. Ia ana n/aoa eiatho noan/aoa. Iai?eia?,
neioaoe/. n/ao “Iaoa?eaeu” eiaao noan/aoa “nu?uea e iaoa?eaeu”,
“iieoiiua”, “iieooaa?eeaou e eiiieaeo. ecaeaeey”, “oa?a e oa?iua
iaoa?eaeu”, cai. /anoe”,” i?i/ea iaoa?eaeu”, “iaoa?eaeu”, ia?aae. a
ia?a?aaioeo ia noi?iio”, no?ieo. iaoa?eaeu”, “oiieeai”.

19. Acaeiinaycue nenoaiu n/aoia e aaeaina

Iaaeaeo n/aoaie e aaeainii nouanoaoao oaniay acaeiinaycue:

1) Aeoeaiua n/aoa niioaaonoaotho aeoeao aaeaina ; ianneaiua n/aoa –
ianneao aaeaina .

2) Ioaeaeueiua iaeiaiiaaiey noaoae aaeaina niioaaonoaotho iaeiaiiaaieth
n/aoia .

3) Ia/. inoaoie a aaeaina niioaaonoaoao ia/aeueiiio inoaoeo a n/aoa.

Aeey oiai, /oiau ioe?uoue n/ao iaiaoiaeeii iaienaoue aai iaeiaiiaaiea,
niioaaonoaothuaa iaeiaiiaaieth noaouee aaeaina, e noiio ec aaeaina
caienaoue a ia/aeueiue inoaoie.

4) Ia iniiaaiee eiia/iuo inoaoeia ii n/aoai ninoaaeyaony aaeain .

5) Inoaoie a aaeaina niioa ia/aeueiiio inoaoeo a n/aoa.

20. Iaiauaiea aeaiiuo oaeouaai AO

A oaeouai o/aoa eiouanoaa i?aaei?eyoey i?eiaiyaony aieueoia eiee/anoai
neioaoe/. e aiaeeoe/. n/aoia. A nayce n yoei i?e aeaieiie caiene
iia?aoeee ia n/aoao aiciiaeiu ioeaee. N oeaeueth eiio?iey aeey i?aa-oe
io?aaeaiey iia?aoeee ia n/aoao iaiaoiaeeii iaiauaiea aeaiiuo oaeouaai
o/aoa.Aeey yoiai ninoaaeyaony aaaeiiinoue:

1) Iai?ioiay aaaeiiinoue ii neioao. e aiaeeoe/. n/aoai

2) Naeueaeiaay aaaeiiinoue ii aiaeeoe/aneei n/aoai.

3) Oaoiaoiay aaaeiiinoue.

Iniaaiiinoe iai?ioiie aaaeiiinoe:

Iaeiaiiaaiea neioao. n/aoaInoao. Iai?ioInoao.AeEAeEAeEEoiai:

1)Ia/. inoaoie io aaaeiiinoe ii Ae. aeieaeai ?aaiyoueny ia/aeueiiio
inoaoeo ii E.

2)Eoia iai?ioia ii Ae. ?aaai eoiao iai?ioia ii E.

3)Eoia eiia/iiai inoaoea iiAe. ?aaai eii. inoaoeo ii E.

Iniiaaieai ninoaaeaiey iai?ioiie aaaeiiinoe yaeythony n/aoa. Ia/.
inoaoie e iai?iou ii Ae. e ii E. ia?aienuaathony ni n/aoa; eiia/iue
inoaoie ii eaaeaeiio n/aoo ii?aaeaeyaony ?an/aoiui iooai. Iinea
ninoaaeaiey yoie aaaeiiinoe eiia/iue inoaoie a iai?. aaaeiiinoe
naa?yaony n eiia/. inoaoeaie ii eaaeaeiio niioaaonoaoauaio n/aoo.

Iaae-ie iai?. aaaeiiinoe ii neioaoe/. n/aoai – ionoonoaea a iae
ei??aniiiaeaioeee n/aoia. N yoie oeaeueth nino. oaoiaoiay aaaeiiinoue.

ii e?aaeeoo n/aoiaAna Eoiai iiii aeaaaoo n/aoian/aoaaeaaaooIaoa?eaeuIni
i?i-aiae?.Aioiaay i?iae.Eoiai ii e?aaeeoo

Naeueaeiaay aaaeiiinoue ii aiaeeoe/. n/aoai. Iia i?aaeiacia/aia aeey
eiio?iey ca iaee/eai iaoa?. oeaiiinoae i?e i?iaaaeaiee eiaaioa?ecaoeee.

Iniaaiiinoue: iai?. aaaeiiinoue ii aiae. n/aoai naa?yaony n iai?.
aaaeii. ii niioa. neio. n/aoo.

Iai?io. aaaeiiinoe, eio. ninoaaeythony ii aiaeeoe/. n/aoai “?an/aou n
ia?nii ii iieaoa o?oaea”, “?an/. n iinoaau.” e o. ae. eiatho oaeoth aea
oi?io, eae e iai?. aaaeiiinoe ii neio. n/aoai.

22. Eeanneo. n/aoia ii eo iacia/aieth e no?oeoo?a

Ana n/aoa aoo. o/aoa aeey i?aaeeueiiai eo i?eiaiaiey aeaeyony ia aeaa
a?oiiu:

1) n/aoa i?aaeiacia/aiiua aeey o/aoa eiouanoaa e enoi/ieeia aai
oi?ie?iaaiey

2) n/aoa, i?aaeiacia/aiiua aeey o/aoa i?ioeannia e ?acoeueoaoia

1) Ia?aua iiae?acaeaeythony ia: 1. eiaaioa?iua 2. aeaiaaeiua 3.
oiiaeiaua 4. ?an/aoiua 5. ?aaoee?othuea

1. Eiaaioa?iua n/aoa i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey iaiauaiey eioi?iaoeee i iaee/ee
e aeaeaeaiee iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae ia i?aaei?eyoee. E iei ioiinyony
n/aoa: ”Iaoa?eaeu”, ”IAI”, ”Aioiaay i?iaeoeoey”, ”Iniiaiua n?aaenoaa” e
ae?.

Yoi aeoeaiua n/aoa; ii Ae – oaaee/aiea iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae,
naycaiiuo n iinooieaieai ia i?aaei?eyoea, ii E -oiaiueoaiea iao.
oeaiiinoae, naycaiiuo n ?anoiaeii eee auauoeai.

Naeueaei ii yoei n/aoai oieueei aeaaaoiaia e iieacuaaao iaee/ea
eiouanoaa ia i?aaei?eyoee.

2. Aeaiaaeiua n/aoa i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey iaiauaiey eioi?iaoeee i iaee/ee
e aeaeaeaiee aeai. n?-a ia i?aaei?eyoee. E iei ioiinyony n/aoa: “Eanna”,
“?an. n/ao”, “Aaethoiue n/ao”, “I?i/ea aeai. aeoeau”.

Yoi aeoeaiua n/aoa; ii Ae – oaaee/aiea aeai. n?-a, naycaiiuo n
iinooieaieai ia i?aaei?eyoea, ii E -oiaiueoaiea aeai. n?-a, naycaiiuo n
?anoiaeii

Naeueaei oieueei aeaaaoiaia iieacuaaao iaee/ea aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa ia
i?aaei?eyoee.

3. Oiiaeiaua i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey iaiauaiey eioi?iaoeee i iaee/ee e
aeaeaeaiee oiiaeia ia i?aaei?eyoee: ”Onoaaiie eaieoae”, ”?aca?aiue
eaieoae”, ”Aeiaaai/iue eaieoae”, ”Ia?ani?aaeaeaiiay i?eaueue”, noan/ao
“Oiiae iaeiieaiey” e noan/ao “Oiiae iio?aae.”.

N/aoa ianneaiua, Aeaaao – eniieueciaaiea, E?aaeeo – ia?aciaaiea

Naeueaei e?aaeeoiaia, iieac. iaee/ea oiiaeia (eaieoaea) ia i?aaei?eyoee.

4. ?an/aoiuaI?aaeiacia/aiu aeey iaiauaiey eioi?iaoeee i ?an/aoao
i?aaei?eyoey n oece/aneeie eeoeaie, i?aaiecaoeeyie, o/?aaeaeaieyie e
ae?. i?aaei?eyoeyie. Yoi n/aoa: ?acaeae 6 ( n/aoa ni neia: “?an/aou…)

Iie iiaoo auoue aeoeaiuie, ianneaiuie e aeoeaii-ianneaiuie.

Aeoeaiua n/aoa “?an/aou n iieo/aoaeyie e caeac/eeaie” (ii aeaaaoo –
io?aaeaao oaaee/aiea caaeieaeaiiinoe iieoiaoaeae ca i?eia?aoaiioth
i?iaeoeoeeth; ii e?aaeeoo – oiaiueoaiea caaeieaeaiiinoe a ?acoeueoaoa
ia?a/eneaiey n?aaenoa i?aaei?eyoeth). Naeueaei – aeaaaoiaia e iieacuaaao
iaee/ea caaeieaeaiiinoe iieoiaoaeae.

?an/aoiua n/aoa “?an/aou n iinoaaueeaie e iiae?yae/eeaie” e ae?oaea
n/aoa. Ii e?aaeeoo io?aaeaaony caaeieaeaiiinoue i?aaei?eyoey ia?aae
?aai/eie, iinoaaueeaie e ae?oaeie o/?aaeaeaieyie, ii aeaaaoo – iiaaoaiea
caaeieaeaiiinoe i?aaei?eyoey. Naeueaei e?aaeeoiaia iieacuaaao iaee/ea
caaeieaeaiiinoe.

Aeoeaii-ianneaiua: ?an/aou n iiaeio/aoiuie eeoeaie, ?an/aou n
o/?aaeeoaeyie, ?an/aou n e?aaeeoi?aie e aeaaeoi?aie, ?an/aou n
athaeaeaoii. Naeueaei ii iei iiaeao auoue naa?iooui e ?acaa?iooui.

?acaa?iooia aeaaaoiaia naeueaei iieacuaaao iaee/ea aeaaaoi?neie
caaeieaeaiiinoe

E?aaeeoiaia naeueaei iieacuaaao iaee/ea e?aaeeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe.

5. ?aaoee?othuea. Yoe n/aoa ia ioiinyony ie e aeoeaai, ie e ianneaai.
iie ?aaoee?otho noieiinoue eiouanoaa e enoi/ieeia aai ia?aciaaiey.
N/aoa: “Eciin iniiaiuo n?aaenoa”, “Eciin iaiaoa?eaeueiuo aeoeaia”,
“Eciin IAI”, “Eniieueciaaiea i?eauee”.

2) Aeey o/aoia i?ioeannia e ?acoeueoaoia. : 1.
niae?aoaeueii-?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiua 2. io/aoii-?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiua 3.
eaeueeoeyoeeiiiua 4. io/aoii-?acoeueoaoeaiua 5.
oeiainiai-?acoeueoaoeaiua

1. Aeey nai?a e ?ani?aaeaeaiey eioi?iaoeee (aeeth/aiea a naaanoieiinoue
i?iaeoeoeee). “Iauai?iecaiaenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu”, “Iauaoicyenoaaiiua
?anoiaeu”, “Eiiia?/aneea ?anoiaeu”. Aeoeaiua n/aoa, ii aeaaaoo – a
oa/aiea ianyoea niae?atho cao?aou, naycaiiua n oi?aaeaieai
i?iecaiaenoaii e i?aaei?eyoeai a oeaeii, naycaiiua n ioa?oceie e
?aaeecaoeeae i?iaeoeoeee. Inoaoea ia eiaao.

2. i?aaeiacia/aaony aeey iaiauaiey eioi?iaoeee i ?anoiaeao (aeio.),
i?iecaaae., (iieo/.) a io/aoiii ia?eiaea, ii ioiinyueany ia naa-oue e
i?eaueue a aoaeouai ia?eiaea.

E iei ioiinyony n/aoa: 1) “?anoiaeu aoae. ia?eiaeia”, Yoi aeoeaiue n/ao;
Ae – ?anoiaeu, i?iecaiaeeiua a io/aoiii ia?eiaea, naycaiiua n
aiaae?aieai iiaie oaoieee, oaoiieiaee, auiieiaiey aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee.
Ii e?aaeeoo – nienaiea a naaanoieiinoue i?iaeoeoeee. Naeueaei aeaaaoiaia
iieacuaaao iaee/ea ianienaiiuo ?anoiaeia.2) “Aeioiaeu aoae. ia?eiaeia”
(iannea). Aeaaao Nienaiea aeioiaeia a n/ao i?eauee a io/ ia?eiaea.
E?aaeeo Aeioiaeu, iieo/aiiua a io/aoiii ia?eiaea a n/ao aoaeouae
i?eauee.

3. I?aaeiacia/aiu aeey iaiauaiey eioi?iaoeee i cao?aoao ia
i?iecaiaenoai. N/aoa: “Iniiaiia i?iecaiaenoai”, “Aniiiiaaoaeueiia
i?iecaiaenoai”, “A?ae a i?-aa”. Yoi aeoeaiua n/aoa.

Iniiaiia i?-ai e aniiiiaaoaeueiia i?-ai.

A?ae a i?iecaiaenoaa.

4. Io/aoii-?acoeueoaoeaiua n/aoa i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey iaiauaiey
eioi?iaoeee i i?ioeanna ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee, oiaa?ia, auiieiaiiie
?aaiou e oneoa, iniiaiuo n?-a e i?i/eo aeaeia oneoa. N/aoa: “?aaeecaoeey
i?iaeoeoeee (?aaio oneoa)” (Ae – 1) oaeoe/aneay naaano. ?aaeec
i?iaeoeoeee, 2) eiiia?/aneea ?anoiaeu, 3) iauaoic ?anoiaeu 4) IAeN; E –
Au?o/ea io ?aaee. i?iaeoeoeee), “?aaeecaoeey e i?i/ea auauoey IN” (Ae –
Ia?aiia/ noiei IN, IAeN, E – Au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee, Eniin
IN), “?aaeecaoeey i?i/eo aeoeaia”.

5. Oeiainiai-?acoeueoaoeaiua n/aoa i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey iaiauaiey
eioi?iaoeee ii oi?ie?iaaieth eiia/iuo oeiainiauo ?acoeueoaoia. N/aoa:
“I?eaueue e oauoee” (Ae – oauoee, eniieueciaaiea i?eauee, E – I?eaueue
iieo/aiiay io ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee), “Eniieueciaaiea i?eauee” (E –
i?eaueue, Ae – oauoie, iieo/aiiue ii ?aaeecaoeee).

O/ao ia n/aoa “Eniieue i?eauee” aaaeaony a oa/aiea aiaea, e a eiioea
aiaea nienuaaaony ia “I? e oauoee”.

23. Eeanneo. n/aoia ii yeiiiie/. niaea?aeaieth

*oiau i?eaioe?iaaoueny, eaeea iauaeou o/aoa io?aaeaoue ia n/aoao,
eniieuecotho a?oiie?iaee n/aoia ii ?acee/iui i?eciaeai. Eeanneoeeaoeey
n/aoia ii yeiiiie/aneiio niaea?aeaieth ioaa/aao ia aii?in, /oi
o/eouaaaony ii eaaeaeie iaeii?iaeiie a?oiia n/aoia. Iia iniiauaaaony ia
eeanneoeeaoeee o/eouaaaiuo iauaeoia, niinianoaoao i?aaeeueiie
i?aaiecaoeee aaeaaeiaaiiai o/aoa ia i?aaei?eyoee.

1) N/aoa, i?aaeiacia/aiiua aeey o/aoa iniiaiuo n?aaenoa e ae?oaeo
aeieain?i/iuo aeiaeaiee:

01 IN; 02 Eciin IN; 03 Aeieain?i/iua a?aiaeoaiua IN; 04 Iaiaoa?eaeueiua
aeoeau; 05 Aii?oecaoeey iaiaoa?eaeueiuo aeoeaia; 06 Aeieain?i/iua
oeiainiaua aeiaeaiey; 07 Iai?oaeiaaiea e onoaiiaea; 08 Eaieoaeueiua
aeiaeaiey; 09 A?aiaeiua iaycaoaeuenoaa e iinooieaieth; 2) N/aoa, aeey
o/aoa i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo caiania:

10 Iaoa?eaeu; 11 AEeaioiua ia au?aueaaiea e ioei?i; 12 IAI; 13 Eciin
IAI; 14 Ia?aioeaiea iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae; 15 Caaioiaeaiea e
i?eia?aoaiea iaoa?eaeia; 16 Ioeeiiaiea a noieiinoe iaoa?eaeia; 17 IAeN
ii i?eia?aoaiiui oeaiiinoyi;

3) N/aoa aeey o/aoa cao?ao ia i?iecaiaenoai:

20 Iniiaiia i?iecaiaenoai; 21 Iieooaa?eeaou nianoaaiiiai i?ieccaiaenoaa;
23 Aniiiiaaoaeueiia i?iecaiaenoai; 25 Iauai?iecaiaenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu; 26
Iauaoicyenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu;

28 A?ae a i?iecaiaenoaa; 29 Ianeoaeeaaiea i?iecaiaenoaa e oicyenoaa; 30
Iaeaieoaeueiua ?aaiou; 31 ?anoiaeu aoaeoueo ia?eiaeia;

4) N/. aeey o/aoa aio. i?i-oeee, oiaa?ia e eo ?aaeecaoeee:

40 Aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey; 41 Oiaa?u; 42 Oi?aiaay iaoeaiea; 43 Eiiia?/aneea
?anoiaeu; 44 Ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey; 45 Oiaa?u ioa?oaeaiiua; 46
?aaeecaoeey i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaio e oneoa; 47 ?aaeecaoeey e i?i/aa auauoea
IN; 48 ?aaeecaoeey i?i/eo aeoeaia;

5) N/aoa, i?aaeiacia/aiiua aeey o/aoa aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa:

50 eanna; 51 ?an/aoiue n/ao; 52 Aaethoiue n/ao; 55 Niaoeeaeueiua n/aoa a
aaieao; 56 Aeaiaaeiua aeieoiaiou; 57 Ia?aaiaeu a iooe; 58 E?aoein?i/iua
oeiainiaua aeiaeaiey (o/ao oeai. aoiaa);

24. Caaaeainiaua n/aoa e eo iacia/aiea. Ii?yaeie io?aaeaiey iia?aoeee

Aeey caaaeainiauo n/aoia i?enaaeaaaony o?aocia/iue oeo?.

001 A?aiaeiaaiiua iniiaiua n?aaenoaa.

002 Oia.-iao. oeaiiinoe i?eiyoua ia ioaaonoa. o?aiaiea.

003 Iaoa?eau, i?eiyoua a ia?a?aaioeo.

004 Oiaa?u, i?eiyoua ia eiienneth.

005 Iai?oaeiaaiea, i?eiyoia aeey iiioaaea.

006 Aeaiee no?iaie io/aoiinoe.

007 Nienaiiay a oauoie caaeieaeaiiinoue iaieaoaae. aeaa-?ia.

008 Iaania/aiey iaycaoaeuenoa e ieaoaaeae iieo/aiiua

009 Iaania/aiey iaycaoaeuenoa e ieaoaaeae auaeaiiua e o.ae.

AA aeieaea io?aaeaoue eeoue oa n?aaenoaa, eio. i?eiaaeeaaeao aeaiiiio
i?aaei?eyoeth. N?aaenoaa, ia i?eiaaeeaae., ii iaoiaeyueany a aai
ia?aie/aiiii iieueciaaiee aeieaeiu iieacuaaoueny ca eoiaii AA. Caaae.
n/aoaie iacuaathony n/aoa, a eio. o/eouaathony n?-aa, ia i?eiaaeeaaeauea
i?aaei?., a iaoiaeyueany o iaai a ia?aie/aiiii iieueciaaiee.

Aeaeu n?aaenoa: 1. A?aiaeiaaiiua IN 2. Nu?uea e iao-eu i?eiyoua a
ia?a?aaioeo 3. Oiaa?u, i?eiyoua ia eiienneth 4. Oiaa?iua e ae?.
oeaiiinoe i?eiyoua ia ioaaonoaaiiia o?aiaiea 5. Oeaiiinoe, i?eiyoua a
caeia.

Enoi/ieee n?aaenoa: 1. A?aiaeiaeaoaee 2. Caeac/eee ii nu?ueth e iao-eai,
ia?aaeaiiui a ia?a?aaioeo 3. eeoea, naeaaoea o. ia eiienneth 4.
Aeaiiiaiou 5. Caeiaiaeaoaee e ae?.

O/ao ia caaaeainiauo n/aoao aaaeaony i?e iiiiue i?inoie caiene. Ii
eaaeaeie oic. iia?aoeee ioe?uaaaony iaeei caaaeainiaue n/ao. Ii aeaaaoo
– oaaee/aiea, ii e?aaeeoo – oiaiueoaiea. Iie ia ei??aniiiaee?otho ie
iaaeaeo niaie, ie n ae?oaeie n/aoaie. *anoue eo eiaao oieueei Aeo
inoaoie, ae?oaay – Eo

25. Ieai n/aoia AO

Ieaiii n/aoia iacuaaaony nenoaiaoece?iaaiiue ia?a/aiue n/aoia, eioi?ue
io?aaeaao yeiiiie/aneoth a?oiie?iaeo eioi?iaoeee i oicyenoaaiiie e
oeiainiaie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ia anao
i?aaei?eyoeyo i?eiaiyaony aaeeiue ieai n/aoia aoo. o/aoa oei.-oic.
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey, ooaa?aeaeaiiue i?eeacii ieienoa?noaa
oeiainia ?O ? 56 io 1 iiya?y 1991 aiaea n o/aoii eciaiaiee e
aeiiieiaiee. Aeey aaieia e athaeaeaoiuo i?aaiecaoeee eiaaony naie ieai
n/aoia.

Ieai n/aoia ninoieo ec 9 ?acaeaeia, aaea ?aniieiaeaiu aaeainiaua n/aoa e
ioaeaeueiue ?acaeae caaaeainiauo n/aoia.

A?oiie?iaea aaeainiauo n/aoia inouanoaeyaony a niioaaonoaee n
eeanneoeeaoeeae n/aoia ii yeiiiie/aneiio niaea?aeaieth.

1 ?acaeae. Iniiaiua n?aaenoaa e ae?oaea aeieain?i/iua aeiaeaiey. A yoio
?acaeae aeeth/athony n/aoa niioaaonoaothuea a?oiie?iaea n/aoia ii
yeiiiie/aneiio niaea?aeaieth. Iiieii n/aoia a ieaia n/aoia eiaaony oeo?
n/aoia, i?aaeiacia/aiiue aeey aiaae?aiey aaoiiaoecaoeee AO.

2 ?acaeae. I?iecaiaenoaaiiuua caianu.

3 ?acaeae. Caianu e cao?aou ia i?-ai.

4 ?acaeae. Aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey, oiaa?u e ?aaeecaoeee.

5 ?acaeae. Aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa.

6 ?acaeae. ?an/aou.

7 ?acaeae. Oei. ?acoeueoaou e eniieueciaaiea i?eauee.

8 ?acaeae. Eaieoae e ?aca?au.

9 ?acaeae. E?aaeeou e oeiaine?iaaiea.

Caaaeainiaua n/aoa: oeo? o?aocia/iue.

001 A?aiaeiaaiiua iniiaiua n?aaenoaa.

002 Oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiua oeaiiinoe i?eiyoua ia ioaaonoaaiiia o?aiaiea.

003 Iaoa?eau, i?eiyoua a ia?a?aaioeo.

004 Oiaa?u, i?eiyoua ia eiienneth.

005 Iai?oaeiaaiea, i?eiyoia aeey iiioaaea.

006 Aeaiee no?iaie io/aoiinoe.

007 Nienaiiay a oauoie caaeieaeaiiinoue iaieaoaaeaniiniaiuo aeaaeoi?ia.

008 Iaania/aiey iaycaoaeuenoa e ieaoaaeae iieo/aiiua

009 Iaania/aiey iaycaoaeuenoa e ieaoaaeae auaeaiiua. e o.ae.

26. Ia?ae/iue o/ao (ia?ae/. aeieoiaio). ?aeaeceou, e o. ae.

Iniaaiiinoue a/o – nieioiia e iai?a?uaiia io?aaeaiea oic. iia?aoeee, /oi
aeinoeaaaony i?e iiiiue aeieoiaioaoeee, yaeythuaeny enoi/ieeii o/aoiie
eioi?iaoeee.

Ia?ae/iue aeieoiaio – yoi aooa. aeieoiaio, ninoaeaiiue a iiiaio
niaa?oaiey oicyenoaaiiie iia?aoeee e yaeythueeny naeaeaoaeuenoaii
i?ienoaaeoaai oaeoa. Ia?ae/iue aeieoiaio iiaeoaa?aeaeaao th?eaee/aneoth
neeo iia?aoeee, onoaiaaeeaaao ioaaonoaaiiinoue eniieieoaey. Ia iaeia
iia?aoeey ia iiaeao auoue o/oaia, anee iia ia ioi?ieaia iaaeeaaeauei
ia?acii aeieoiaioii.

O/aoiua eee aooaaeoa?neea aeieoiaiou, eniieuecoaiua ia i?aaei?eyoeyo,
ninoaaeythony ia oeiiauo aeaieao, niioaaonoaothueo ooaa?aeaeaiiui
oi?iai, eioi?ua niaea?aeao neaaeothuea iaycaoaeueiua ?aeaeceou:
iaeiaiiaaiea aeieoiaioa, iiia? aeieoiaioa, iiaeienue, aeaoa, ooaii
i?aaiecaoeee, iaeiaiiaaiea iia?aoeee, ecia?eoaee (eie-ai, oeaia, noiia),
oaieeey ninoaaeoaey e ioaaonoaaiiiai.

Ia?ae/iue o/ao – i?aaieciaaiiay nenoaia ecia?aiey e ?aaeno?aoeee
eiee/anoaa iao. oeaiiinoae, o?oaea e oeiainiauo ?ano?nia, aiaeaeaaiuo a
oic. iia?aoeee, a oaeaea io?aaeaiey i?eciaeia e iieacaoaeae yoeo
iia?aoeee a iao. iineoaeyo eioi?iaoeee eee iaiin?aaenoa. a
au/eneeoaeueiie nenoaia.

O/aoiay ia?aaioea aeieoiaioianinoieo ec: Oaene?iaee, eee ?anoeaiee
(eiee/anoai oiiiaeaaony ia oeaio, i?iaiaeeony a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea iie
i?e iinooieaiee niaea?aeao iaoo?aeueiua eiee/anoaaiiua iieacaoaee);
A?oiie?iaee (i?iecaiaeeony ii ii?aaeaeaiiui i?eciaeai. ?acoeueoao –
a?oiie?iai/iua e iaeiieoaeueiua naiaeiua aaaeiiinoe, iineaaeiea
iicaieytho aeaeaoue o/aoioth aaaeiiinoue iaueie eoiaaie); Eiioe?iaee
(oi?ia ?aciaoee ei??aniiiaee?othueo n/aoia, ia eioi?ua
ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiay a aeaiiii aeieoiaioa iia?aoeey aeieaeia auoue o/oaia.
Eiioe?iaea i?eaiaeeony a ia?ae/iii aeieoiaioa, e ninoaaeyaony ia aeaiea
oiai aeieoiaioa, eioi?ui ioi?ieaia iia?aoeey).

Iinea o/aoiie ia?aaioee aeieoiaioia niaea?aeaueany a ieo aeaiiua
caienuaathony a nenoaia n/aoia aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa.

6) N/aoa, i?aaeiacia/. aeey o/aoa ?an/aoia iaaeaeo i?aaei?eyoeyie,
i?aaiecaoe., o/?aaeaeaieyie e oece/aneeie eeoeaie:

60 ?an/aou n iinoaaueeaie e iiae?yae/eeaie; 61 ?an/aou ii aaainai
auaeaiiui; 62 ?an/aou n iieoiaoaeyie e caeac/eeaie; 63 ?an/aou ii
i?aoaiceyi; 64 ?an/aou ii aaainai iieo/aiiui; 65 ?an/aou ii
eiouanoaaiiiio e ee/iiio no?aoiaaieth; 67 ?an/aou ii aiaathaeaeaoiui
ieaoaaeai; 68 ?an/aou n athaeaeaoii; 69 ?an/aou ii nioeeaeueiiio
no?aoiaaieth e iaania/aieth; 70 ?an/aou n ia?niiaeii ii iieaoa o?oaea;
71 ?an/aou n iiaeio/aoiuie eeoeaie; 73 ?an/aou n ia?niiaeii ii i?i/ei
iia?aoeeyi; 75 ?an/aou n o/?aaeeoaeyie; 76 ?an/aou n ?aciuie aeaaeoi?aie
e e?aaeeoi?aie; 78 ?an/aou n aei/a?ieie (caaeneiuie) i?aaei?eyoeyie; 79
Aioo?eoicyenoaaiiua ?an/aou;

7) N/aoa, aeey o/aoa oei. ?ac-ia e eniieueciaaiea i?eauee:

80 I?eauee e oauoee; 81 Eniieueciaaiea i?eauee; 82 Ioeaii/iua ?aca?au;
83 Aeioiaeu aoaeoueo ia?eiaeia; 84 Iaaeinoa/e e iioa?e io ii?/e
oeaiiinoae;

8) N/aoa, i?aaeiacia/aiiua aeey o/aoa eaieoaeia e ?aca?aia:

85 Onoaaiue eaieoae; 86 ?aca?aiue eaieoae; 87 Aeiaaai/iue eaieoae; 88
Ia?ani?aaeaeaiiay i?eaueue (iaiie?uoue oauoie); 89 ?aca?au i?aaenoiyueo
?anoiaeia e ieaoaaeae;

9) N/aoa, aeey o/aoa e?aaeeoia e oeaeaaiai oeiaine?iaaiey

90 E?aoein?i/iua e?aaeeou aaieia; 92 Aeieain?i/iua e?aaeeou aaieia; 93
E?aaeeou aaieia aeey ?aaioieeia; 94 E?aoein?i/iua caeiu; 95
Aeieain?i/iua caeiu; 96 Oeaeaaua oeiaine?iaaiea e iinooieaiey; 97
A?aiaeiua iaycaoaeuenoaa;

27. Eeanneoeeaoeey aeieoiaioia

A caaeneiinoe io ianoa ninoaaeaiey:

1. Aioo?aiiea

2. Aiaoiea ( iinooieaoea ni noi?iiu)

Aioo?aiiea aeieoiaiou iiaeii eeanneoeoee?iaaoue ii o?ai i?eciaeai:

1. ii cia/aieth

1) ?anii?yaeeoaeueiua – niaea?aeao ?anii?yaeaiea i auiieiaiee oic
iia?aoeee (I?eeacu, /aee, aeiaiai?aiiinoe)

Iniiaiia iacia/aiea – ia?aa/a oeacaiee ?oeiaiaeeoaeai ?aaiou
iaiin?aaenoaaiiui eniieieoaeyi. Ia niaea?aeao a naaa iiaeoaa?aeaeaiey
oaeoia niaa?oaiey iia?aoeee, iiyoiio ia iiaoo neoaeeoue iniiaaieai aeey
io?aaeaiey iia?aoeee a o/aoa.

2) ii?aaaeaoaeueiua (eniieieoaeueiua) – ioi?ieytho oaea i?iecaaaeaiiua
iia?aoeee. Ninoaaeythony a iiiaio niaa?oaiey iia?aoeee, yaeythony ia?aui
yoaiii eo o/aoiie ?aaeno?aoeee. (I?eoiaeiue i?aea?, aeo o/aoa naea/e
oeaiiinoae, iaeeaaeiua, ?aii?ou i auiieiaiee ?aaiou).

3) Aeieoiaiou aoo ioi?ieaiey – nicaeathony aiia?aoii aooaaeoa?ee aeey
iiaeaioiaee o/aoiuo caienae. (?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiua e a?oiie?iai/iua
aaaeiiinoe, ?acee. aoo ni?aaei). Eniieuecothony oieueei n niioaaona.
ii?aaaeaoaeueiuie aeieoiaioaie. Ea?atho iiaeniaioth ?ieue.

4) Eiiaeie?iaaiiua aeieoiaiou – ni/aoatho i?eciaee ianeieueeeo aeaeia.

Neoaeao iaeiia?aiaiii e ?anii?yaeaieai i auiieiaiee aeaiiie iia?aoeee o
ii?aaaeaieai aa auiieiaiey, oeene?otho niaa?oaiioth iia?aoeeth e a oi
aea a?aiy niaea?aeao oeacaiey i ii?yaeea io?aaeaiey aa ia n/aoao.
(Aaainiaue io/ao, iaeeaaeiay ioionea iaoa?eaeia a ia?aiaaioeo e ae?.)

2. ii ii?yaeeo ninoaaeaiey

1) ia?ae/iua – aia?aua io?aaeatho niaa?oeaoeany oic iia?aoeee.
ssaeythony oi?iaeueiui aeieacaoaeuenoaii oiai, /oi aeaiiua iia?aoeee
auiieiaiu. (Iaoa?eaeueiia o?aaiaaiea).

2) Naiaeiua – ninoaaeythony ia iniiaa ia?ae/iuo aeieoiaioia (aaainiaue
n/ao, aaaeiiinoue ?ani?aaeaeaiey ?anoiaeia ia niaea?aeaiea
iai?oaeiaaiey)

Neoaeao aeey iauaaeeiaiey aeaiiuo ia?ae/iuo aeieoiaioia e aeey
a?oiie?iaee aeaiiuo ia?ae/iuo aeieoiaioia.

3. ii niiniao ioaaoa iia?aoeee

1) ?aciaua – ioia?aaeatho iaeio eee iaeiia?aiaiii ianeieueei oic
iia?aoeee. Ioee/eoaeueiay /a?oa – iinea ninoaaeaiey iie iiaoo auoue
ia?aaeaiu a aooaaea?eth e eniieueciaaoueny aeey aooa. caienae.

(I?eoiaeiua i?aea?a, iaeeaaeiua, e o. ae.)

2) iaeiieoaeueiua aeieoiaiou – ioi?ieaiea iaeii?iaeiuo iia?aoeee,
niaa?oaaiuo ia i?aaei?eyoeee a ?aciia a?aiy.

(Aaainiaue io/ao)

28. I?aaiecaoeey aeieoiaioiiai?ioa

Aeieoiaioiiai?io – aeaeaeaiea aeieoiaioia io iiiaioa eo auienee aei
naea/e a a?oea ia o?aiaiea. Iiaeii auaeaeeoue ianeieueei noaaeee
aeaeaeaiey aeieoiaioia eee aeieoiaoiiai?ioa:

1. Oeenaoeey oic. iia?aoeee ia ia?ae/iuo aeieoiaioao,

2. Iinooiea a aooaaeoa?eth aeie-o i?iaa?yaony ia: 1. caeiiiinoue
iia?aoeee 2. ii oi?ia (i?aaeeueiinoue ioi?ieaiey) 3. i?aaeeueiinoue
a?eoiaoe/. iiaen/aoia e au/eneaiee.

3. Ia?aaioea. Ninoieo ec: 1. Aeaiaaeiie ?anoeaiee 2. A?oiie?iaee (a
iaeii?iaeiua a?oiiu) 3. Eiioe?iaee (oeacaiea ei??aniiiaeaioeee ii
aeaiiie iia?aoeee ia aeaiea) 4. Io?aaeaiey ia neio. e aiaeeo. n/aoao.

4. O?aiaiea, o.a. aiciiaeiinoue iieo/aiey a ethaia a?aiy

29. Eiaaioa?ecaoeey e aa aeaeu

Iia i?iaiaeeony a oeaeyo iaania/aiey aeinoiaa?iinoe aeaiiuo AO e
io/aoiinoe.

Eiaaioa?ecaoeey – yoi i?iaa?ea iaee/ey e ninoiyiey iao. oeaiiinoae,
aeai. n?-a e ?an/aoia.

Eiaaio. iaania/eaaao eiio?ieue ca nio?aiiinoueth iaoa?. oeaiiinoae,
aeai. n?-a, ca ?aaioie iaoa?. ioaaonoaaiiuo e aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe.

Iia eniieuecoaony aeey auyaeaiey oaeoia, ia iiaeaeathueony
aeieoiaioe?iaaieth a iiiaio eo niaa?oaiey.

?acee/atho neaae. aeaeu eiaaio.:

1. iieiua e /anoe/iua,2. oaeouea e ia?iaiaioiua,3. ieaiiaua e aiacaiiua.

Iieiay eiaaioa?ecaoeey ioaaouaaao ana aeaeu eiouanoaa i?aaei?eyoey. Iia
i?iaiaeeony iaeei ?ac a aiae ia?aae ninoaaeaieai aiaeiaiai io/aoa, eae
i?aaeei, ia 1.10 io/aoiiai aiaea.

*anoe/iay eiaaioa?ecaoeey ioaaouaaao iaeei eee ianeieueei aeaeia
eiouanoaa eee /anueo eiouanoaa ia ii?aae. o/anoeao.

Oaeouay eiaaioa?ecaoeey i?iaiaeeony aeey auyaeaiey oaeoe/aneiai
?anoiaeiaaiey nu?uey e iaoa?eaeia a i?-aa.

Ia?iaiaioiay eia. ninoieo a oii, /oi eia. iao oeaiiinoae i?iaiaeeony
iinoiyiii a iiiaio ieiei. inoaoea iao. oeaiiinoae.

Ieaiiaay – E. ii ieaio.

Aiacaiiay – aia ieaia, ii ?acee/iui i?e/eiai.

Eiaaioa?ecaoeey i?iaiaeeony:

1. i?e ia?aaea/e eiouanoaa i?aaiecaoeee a a?aiaeo, i?e ii?aeaaea e
aueoia eiouanoaa;2. ia?aae ninoaaeaieai aiaeiaiai io/aoa ia ?aiaa 1.10
io/aoiiai aiaea; 3. i?e niaia iaoa?eaeueii-ioaaonoaaiiuo eeoe; 4. i?e
onoaiiaeaiee oeuaiee eee ceioiio?aaeaiee; 5. a neo/aa noeoeeiuo
aaaenoaee; 6. i?e eeeaeaeaoeee i?aaei?eyoey.

30 Ii?yaeie i?iaaaeaiey eiaaioa?ecaoeee e io?aaeaiey a o/aoa aa
?acoeueoaoia

Eiaaioa?ecaoeey i?iaiaeeony eiienneae, a ninoaa eioi?ie aoiaeyo
i?aaenoaaeoaee aooaaeoa?ee. Onoaiiaeaiea oaeoe/aneiai iaee/ey iaoa?.,
aeai. n?-a io?aaeaao eiaaioa?ecaoe. iienue. Caoai ii aeaiiui
eiaaioa?ecaoe. iiene e n/aoiuo aeaiiuo aooaaeoa?eae i?aaei?eyoey
ninoaaeythony nee/eoaeueiay aaaeiiinoue, aaea auyaeythony ?acoeueoaou
eiaaioa?ecaoeee: eceeoee eee iaaeinoaoee.

Auyaeaiiua eceeoee i?eoiaeothony e io?aaeathony a o/aoa ii Ae-10, Ae-12,
E-25, E-26.(E-25, anee eia. i?iaiaeeeanue oeaoiaiai eiouanoaa, E-26 –
anee oeaio?aeueiie).

I?e auyaeaiee eceeoeia auyaeythony i?e/eiu e aeiiaieee, eioi?ua
iaeacuaathony a aaeieieno?aoeaiii e oaieiaiii ii?yaeea.

Iaaeinoa/a io?aaeaaony a o/aoa neaae. ia?acii: Ae-84 – E-10 eee E-12.
Caoai auyaeythony i?e/eiu e aeiiaieee iaaeinoa/e.

Iaaeinoa/a iiaeao auoue 1) a i?aaeaeao ii?iu e 2) naa?o ii?iu
anoanoaaiiie oauee. A 1) – nienuaaaony a ecaea?aeee i?iecaiaenoaa
eio?aaeaaony a o/aoa ii Ae25 eee 26 e E84. 2) – nienuaaaony ca n/ao
aeiiaiuo eeoe e io?aaeaaony ii Ae73 e E84.

Anee noiia iaaeinoa/e iaaieueoay, oi aa oaea?aeeaatho ec c/i aeiiaiiai
eeoea, a io?aaeatho ii Ae70 – E73, /a?ac noae Ae76 – E73.

Anee aeiiaiee ia onoaiiaeai, oi iaaeinoa/a nienuaaaony ca n/ao
ecaea?aeae i?-aa e io?aaeaaony a o/aoa ii Ae25 eee 26 e E84.

I?e iaaeinoa/a a neo/aa noeo. aaaenoaee nienuaaaony ca n/ao i?eauee
i?aaei?eyoey e io?aaeaaony a o/aoa ii Ae80 – E84.

31. Oi?iu AO (4 oi?iu)

Oi?ia – ii?aae. nenoaia iino?iaiey e ni/aoaiey o/aoiuo ?aaeno?ia,
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe e niiniaia caiene a ieo

Iniaaiiinoe ioaeaeueiuo oi?i AO oa?aeoa?ecothony niiniaaie e oaoieeie
o/aoiie ?aaeno?aoeee, oa?aeoa?ii o?iiieiae/aneie acaeiinayce e nenoaiie
o/aoa, aiaeeo e neio o/aoii, iaoiaeaie o?aiaiey, iienea e iaiauaiey
o/aoiuo aeaiiuo n iiiiuueth AO n oeaeueth iieo/aiey eoiaiauo iieacaoaeae
a aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoee, iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey i?eiyoey oi?aa.
?aoaiee.

Nae/an iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiuie yaeythony:

1) iaii?eaeueii-i?aea?iay,

2) aeo?iaeueii-i?aea?iay,

3) aaoiiaoece?iaaiiay oi?ia n eniieuecia. AO

4) oi?iuaiiay oi?ia

1. IIO

Iaeaieueoaa ?ani?ino?aiaiea iieo/eea a iaoae no?aia a 30-a aiaeu. I?e
IIO ana oic iia?aoeee io?aaeaeenue a ia?ae/iuo aeieoiaioao. Ia iniiaaiee
ia?ae/iuo aeieoiaioia ninoaaeythony iaii?eaeu-i?aea?a. Iaii?eae-i?aea?
aaaeaony ii eaaeaeiio n/aoo a ioaeaeueiinoe: Ae iaeiiai n/aoa e E ?aciuo
n/aoia.

Ia iniiaa iaii?eaeia-i?aea?ia ninoaaeyaony ?aaeno?. aeo?iae, eioi?ue
i?aaeiacia/ai aeey eiio?iey ca nio?aiiinoueth iaii?eae-i?aea?ia.

Eaaeaeiio i-i?aea?o i?enaaeaaaony nianoa. iiia?. Ia iniiaaiee i-i?aea?ia
aaaeoony ea?oi/ee aiae o/aoa e aeaaiay eieaa. Ia iniiaaiee ea?oi/ae aiae
o/aoa ninoaa. iai?ioiay aaaeiiinoue ii aiaeeo n/aoai. Ia iniiaaiee
i-i?aea?ia ninoaae. iai?. aaaeii. ii neio. n/aoai.

Ia iniiaaiee iai?. aaaeiiinoae ninoaa. aaeain e io/aoiinoue. ?aiaa IIO
i?eiaiyeanue a oi?aiaea.

Aeinoieinoaa: iaoiae i/aiue i?inoie, i?e naa?ea aeaiiuo neioaoe/aneiai
o/aoa n aiaeeoe/aneei iicaieyao ono?aiyoue ioeaee, i?iaa?eoue
i?aaeeueiinoue io?aaeaiey oicyenoaaiiuo iia?aoeee. Iiaeao i?eiaiyoueny
ai anao noa?ao ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa. Nae/an i?eiaiyaony a athaeaeaoiuo
i?aaiecaoeeyo e ia iaeioi?uo i?aaei?eyoeyo a ni/aoaiee n aeo?iaeueii-
i?aea?iie oi?iie. Iaaeinoaoee: iiiaie?aoiinoue caienae iaeiie e oie aea
noiiu a ?acee/iuo ?aaeno?ao, /oi oaaee/eaaao iauai ?aaio e aa?iyoiinoue
ioeaie; io?ua e ionoaaaiea aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa io neioaoe/aneiai;
neiaeiinoue ninoaaeaiey io/aoiinoe, oae eae ia ana ?aaeno?u
i?eniiniaeaiu e oiio, /oiau eo iiaeii auei n?aco ia?aianoe a
io/aoiinoue; cia/eoaeueiuo iauai ?aaio i?eoiaeeony ia eiiaoe io/aoiiai
ia?eiaea; o?oaeiaieinoue a o/aoa; iai?eniiniaeaiiinoue e aiaeeco oic-oei
aeayo oe?iu.

A nayce n yoei iaiaoiaeeii eniieueciaaoue iiaua oi?iu, ii ianiio?y ia
iaaeinoaoee, iiiae i?aaei?eyoy eniieuecotho IIO.

32. O/aoiua ?aaeno?u, eo aeaeu e oi?iu

Ana aooaaeoa?neea iia?aoeee ioi?ieythony aeieoiaioaie, a eioi?uo
aooaaeoa? i?iaa?yao i?aaeeueiinoue eo caiieiaiey, ioi?ieaiey, iinea /aai
caiineo yoe aeaiiua a o/aoiua ?aaeno?u – oaaeeoeu ii?aaeaeaiiie oi?iu,
eio. iino?iaiu a niioaaonoaee n yeiiiie/. a?oiie?iaeie eiouanoaa, a
eioi?uo io?aaeathony o/aoiua aeaiiua.

A caaeneiinoe io no?iaiey o/aoiua ?aaeno?u iiaoo auoue:

– o?iiieiae/aneea – eioi?iaoeey i oicyenoaaiiuo, iia?aoeeyo caienuaaaony
a iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe eo niaa?oaiey

– nenoaiaoe/aneea – e?iia o?iiieiae/aneiai i?eciaea oicyenoaaiiua
iia?aoeee a?oiie?othony ii ae?oaei onoaiiaeaiiui i?eciaeai

Nenoaiaoe/aneea ?aaeno?u neioaoe/aneiai o/aoa io?aaeatho oicyenoaaiiua
iia?aoeee a iaiauaiiii aeaea e oieueei a aeaiaaeiii au?aaeaiee.
Iiynieoaeueiue oaeno, eae i?aaeei, ionoonoaoao, caiene aaaeoo ii a?oiia
iaeii?iaeiuo aeieoiaioia.

A nenoaiaoe/aneeo ?aaeno?ao aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa oicyenoaaiiua iia?aoeee
io?aaeathony iiae?iaii, i?eaiaeeony eo niaea?aeaiea. A ?aaeno?ao,
oa?aeoa?ecothueo aeaeaeaiea iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae, aeaiiua
oeene?othony eae a iaoo?aeueiii, oae e a aeaiaaeiii au?aaeaiee.
Nenoaiaoe/aneea ?aaeno?u aiaeeoe/aneiai o/aoa aaaeoony a ?acaeoea
neioaoe/aneeo n/aoia. I?eia?ii iiaoo neoaeeoue ea?oi/ee iiiauaeoiiai
o/aoa iniiaiuo n?aaenoa, ea?oi/ee neeaaeneiai o/aoa iaoa?eaeia.

O/ ?aaeno?u aaaeoony a oi?ia eiea, aaaeiiinoae, ea?oi/ae,
aeo?iaeia-i?aea?ia, aeaaiie eieae, iaoeiia?aiu e aeaeeia?aiiu.

O?, eo acaeiinaycue, iineaaeiaao-oue, niiniau caiene a ieo oic.
iia?aoeee ii?aaeaeythooi?io AO.

33. Ii?yaeie caiene iia?aoeee a o/aoiuo ?aaeno?ao

O/ ?aaeno?u ioaeiu aeey io?aaeaiey o/aoiuo aeaiiuo.

Iniiaaieai aeey caiene a o/ ?aaeno?u yaeyaony ia?ae/iua aeieoiaiou.
Caienue a o/ ?aaeno?u aaaeaony ii eo iacia/aieth a o?iiieiae/aneii
ii?yaeea ia/eiay n 1 ai /enea aei ieii/aiey ianyoea.

Ia?aienuaathony ana ?aeaeceou ia?ae/. aeieoiaioia. A eiioea ianyoea
i?iecaiaeeony iiaen/ao ii no?ieai e a?aoai e i?iecaiaeeony i?iaa?ea
aeaiiuo. A neo/aa iaia?oaeaiey ioeaie, i?iecaiaeyony eni?aaeaiey
iaoiaeaie e?aniiai noi?ii (aeey aiae o/aoa) eee ia?aoiie caienueth (aeey
neio o/aoa).

34. Niiniau eni?aaeaiey ioeaie

A nayce n aieueoei iauaiii yeiiiie/aneie eioi?iaoeee, i?eiaiyaiii a AO,
aiciiaeiu ?acee/iua ioeaee, eioi?ua aeiioneathony eae a ia?ae/iuo
aeieoiaioao, oae e a o/aoiuo ?aaeno?ao.

A nayce n yoei nouanoaotho ?acee/iua niiniau eni?aaeaiey ioeaie.

1 niinia. Iaoiae ca/a?eeaaiey iai?aaeeueiie caiene. I?e yoii iaoiaea
iai?aaeeueioth caienue ca/a?eeaatho oiieie eeieae (/oiau auei aeaeii,
/oi ca/a?eeaaaony). Naa?oo iiaeienuaaaony i?aaeeueiay caienue, a a oaeo
aeieoiaioa aeaeaaony caienue “eni?aaeaiiiio n … ia … aa?eoue” e
iiaeienue eeoea, eio. i?iaae eni?aaeaiea.

Eni?aaeaiea oaeei niiniaii i?eiaiyaony i?e iaia?oaeaiee ioeaie a ia?ae/.
aeieoiaioao.

2 niinia. Iaoiae e?iniia noi?ii. I?e yoii iaoiaea e?aniuie /a?ieeaie
aeiiieieoaeueiie no?ieie i?iecaiaeeony caienue, ii eioi?ie iaia?oaeaia
ioeaea.

Neaae. no?ieie i?iecaiaeeony i?aaeeueiay caienue.

I?eia?: Iinooieee io iinoaaueeia iaoa?eaeu a eie-aa 100 oo. ia noiio 70
o.a. Iinooieee io iinoaaueeia iaoa?eaeu a eie-aa 100 oo. ia noiio 70
o.a.(70 e?aniui oeaaoii)

Iinooieee io iinoaaueeia iaoa?eaeu a eie-aa 100 oo. ia noiio 100 o.a.

Oaeie niinia eni?aaeaiey ioeaie i?eiaiyaony a ?aaeno?ao aiaeeoe/. o/aoa.

3 niinia. Eni?aaeaiea ioeaie iooai ia?aoiie caiene.

I?eia?: Iai?aaeeueiay caienue: Aeo 20 Eo 70 – 500

Aeey eeeaeaeaoeee: Aeo 70 Eo 20 – 500 E oaia?ue i?aaeeueiay caienue: Aeo
25 Eo 70 – 500.

Oaeie niinia eni?aa. ioeaie a ?aaeno?ao neio. o/aoa.

A io/aoiinoe eni?aaeaiea ioeaie iaaeiioneaaony. I?e iaia?oaeaiee
iai?aaeeueiie caiene, io/aoiinoue ia?aienuaaaony.

Eni?aaeaiea ioeaie iaaeiioneaaony oaeaea i?e ninoaaeaiee aeieoiaioia
(eae ia?ae/iuo, oae e O/?aa) ii ia/eneaieth c/i e ii aaieianeei
aeieoiaioai.

2. AEIO.

AEIO yaeyaony aieaa niaa?oaiiie (60-ua a), o.e. a iae aieaa aeaoaeueii
io?aaeaaony aeaeaeaiea eiouanoaa i?aaei?eyoey, /oi iicaieyao i?iecaanoe
aiaeec aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey, auyaeoue iaaeinoaoee e ?aca?au ii aa
oeo/oaieth.

Nouiinoue AEIO ninoieo a neaae: ana oic iia?aoeee a iiiaio eo niaa?oaiey
io?aaeathony a ia?ae/iuo aeieoiaioao. I?e iaee/ee cia/eoaeueiiai eie-aa
iaeii?iaeiuo oic iia?aoeee ia iniiaaiee ia?ae/iuo aeieoiaioia
ninoaaeythony iaeiieoaeueiua aaaeiiinoe.

Ia iniiaaiee ia?ae/ aeieoiaioia aaaeoony ea?oi/ee aiaeeo o/aoa
(aaaeiiinoe aiae o/aoa). Ia iniiaaiee iaeiieo aaaeiiinoae eee ia?ae/
aeieoiaioia ninoaaeythony aeo?iaeu-i?aea?a, aaea aaaeaony neio o/ao.

Ia iniiaaiee aaaeiiinoae aiaeeo o/aoa eee ea?oi/ae ninoaaeyaony iai?.
aaaeiiinoue ii aiae o/aoa. Ia iniiaaiee aeo?iaeia-i?aea?ia –
ninoaaeyaony aeaaiay eieaa. Caoai ia iniiaaiee aeaaiie eieae – aaeain e
io/aoiinoue.

Iauei yaeyaony oi, /oi ana iia?aoeee io?aaeathony a ia?ae/. aeieoiaoao e
ia eo iniiaaiee aaaeaony aeaaiay eieaa.

Iaaeinoaoee AEIO – ?o/iay caienue anao iia?aoeee a O?, o?oaeiaieinoue, +
aa aiaeeoe/iinoue e aiciiaeiinoue i?iaiaeeoue aiaeec aeayoaeueiinoe
oe?iu.

3. Aaoiiaoece?iaaiiay

Nicaeaiea e aiaae?aiea a i?aeoeeo o/aoa YAI i?eaaei e ?ac?aaioea iiaie
oi?iu AO – oaaee/ii-aaoiiaoece?-ie.

Iniiaiua /a?ou:

1) Iieiay aaoiiaoecaoeey nai?a, ia?aaea/e, nenoaiaoecaoeee e ia?aaioee
eio.

2) Eniieueciaaiea iaaieoiuo iineoaeae (aieueoaa aieinoue, iaaeaaeiinoue
…) ia?yaeo n aoi.

3) Eioaa?aoeey AO ia iniiaa iaeiie?aoiiai aaiaea e iiiaie?. eniieuec.
eio.

4) Inou. i?ia?aiiie a?oiie?iaee Aeo e Eo iai?ioia ia iniiaa i?eioeeia
aeaieiie caiene

5) Aaoiiaoecaoeey eiae/. iia?aoeee AO

6) ?aaeeiu (?aaeaiaioiua, ?acaeaeaiey a?aiaie, aeeaeiaiaue,
cai?iniue….)

7) Iieo/aiea auoiaeiuo aeaiiuo a aeaea ia/aoiuo ?aaeno?ia e iaoeiia?aii.

4. Oi?iuaiiay

Aaaeaony ia iaeuo i?aaei?eyoeyo, o.e. iaei niaa?oaaony oic iia?aoeee, e
neaaeiaao. iaei O?. (Ana ?anoiaeu ia 20 n/ao).

35. I?aaiecaoeey AO, aa i?aaiaia e iaoiaee/aneia iaania/aiea

Nenoaia AO ia i?aaei?eyoee e ?aaioa aooaaeoa?a i?aaiecoaony a
niioaaonoaee n Iieiaeaieai i AO e io/aoiinoe io 20 ia?oa 1992a.,
ecaeaiiii a 92 n iineaae eciai. e aeiiie.

Yoi Iieiaeaiea onoaiaaeeaaao aaeeiua iaoiaeieiae/aneea iniiau AO e
io/aoiinoe a ?O. A niioaaonoaee n Iieiaeaieai, eaaeaeia i?aaei?eyoea
onoaiaaeeaaao naie ii?yaeie aaaeaiey AO, a oaeaea ninoaaeaiey e
i?aaeinoaaeaiey io/aoiinoe iae. einiaeoeee.

I?aaei?eyoea iacaaeneii io oi?i nianoaaiiinoe e oaoiieiae/. iniaaiiinoae
inouanoaeyao i?aaiecaoeeth Ao a niioaaonoaee n yoei Iieiaeaieai.

Ia iniiaaiee Iieiaeaiey i AO e io/aoiinoe ?ac?aaaouaathony ii?iaoeaiua
aeou ii aaaeaieth o/aoa ioaeaeueiuo iia?aoeee.

I?e ninoaaeaiee A.I. neaaeoao ?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny Iieiaeaieai i AO e
Io/aoiinoe a ?O, Ieaiii N/aoia AO oeiainiai-oic. aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoee e eino?oeoeeae ii aai i?eiaiaieth IeiOei ?O 9 ethiy 1992
“Ia iauaia e oi?iao aiaeiaiai A io/aoa i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee.”

36. Iieiaeaiea i AO e io/aoiinoe a ?O

Iieiaeaiea i AO e io/aoiinoe ninoieo ec neaae. ?acaeaeia:

1. Iauea iieiaeaiey;

2. Iniiaiua i?aaeea aaaeaiey AO;

3. I?aaiecaoeey AO;

4. Aoo. io/aoiinoue.

A 1 ?acaeaea yoiai Iieiaeaiey oeacaii ia iaycaiinoyo i?aaiecaoeee,
i?aaei?eyoee aanoe o/ao naiaai eiouanoaa, iaycaoaeuenoa, aicieeathueo ia
i?aaei?eyoee, ia iniiaa iaoo?aeueiuo e noieiinoiuo ecia?eoaeae, iooai
nieioiiai, iai?a?uaiiai, aeieoiaioe?iaaiiiai e acaeiinaycaiiiai o/aoa.

A yoii ?acaeaea ia?a/eneaiu aeaaiua caaea/e AO:

– i?aaeeueiia onoaiiaeaiea i?aaiecaoe. oi?i AO,

– ii?aaeaeaiea oi?i e iaoiaeia AO,

– ?ac?aaioea nenoaiu aioo?eoic eiio?iey,

– auaeaeaiea aeayoaeueiinoe iiaeniaiuo iiae?acaeaeaiee ia ioaeaeueiuo
aaeain.

Ai 2 ?acaeaea oeacuaathony iniiaiua i?aaeea, /oi AO ia i?aaei?eyoee
aaaeaony ia iniiaaiee ieaia n/aoia AO niiniaii aeaieiie caiene
iia?aoeee. Ia iniiaaiee ia?ae/iuo aeieoiaioia aaaeoony O?,
niioaaonoaothuea oie eee eiie oi?ia AO. I?aaeei ioeaiee eiouanoaa,
iaycaoaeuenoa e oic iia?aoeee. Ioeaiea inouanoaeyaony a aeaiaaeiii
au?aaeaiee iooai noiie?iaaiey oaeoe/anee i?iecaaaeaiiuo ?anoiaeia. A
yoii ?acaeaea oaeaea oaeaeyaony aieiaiea eiaaioa?ecaoeee, aaea
oeacuaathony ii?yaeie i?iaaaeaiey eiaaioa?ecaoeee e io?aaeaiea
?aoeueoaoia eiaaioa?ecaoeee a AO.

A 3 ?acaeaea Iieiaeaiey iAO e io/aoiinoe i?eaiaeyony iniiaiua i?aaeea
i?aaiecaoeee AO e io/aoiinoe, a niioaaonoaee n eioi?uie ioaaonoaaiiinoue
ca i?aaiecaoeeth AO e io/aoiinoue ianao ?oeiaiaeeoaeue i?aaei?eyoey.

Oae aea onoaiaaeeaathony i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe aeaaaooa e aai
ioaaonoaaiiinoue. Aeaaaoo iacia/aaony e oaieueiyaony n aeieaeiinoe
?oeiaiaeeoaeai. ?oeiaiaeeoaeue i?aaei?eyoey iaycai iaania/eoue ana
oneiaey aeey i?aaeeueiiai aaaeaiey AO, o.a. ana oic iia??aoeee aooaaeoa?
aeieaeai io?aaeaoue a o/aoa (a ia?ae/iuo aeieoiaioao).

AO aaaeaony a aooaaeoa?ee i?aaei?eyoey, ai aeaaa eioi?ie noieo aeaaaoo,
eioi?iai ii iiaeao i?eaeaeaoue ia iinoiyiioth ?aaioo, ii e
?oeiaiaeeoaeue eiaao i?aai i?eaeaeaoue e aaaeaieth AO e io/aoiinoe e
aiaooaoiuo ?aaioieeia.

37. O/aoiay iieeoeea i?aaei?eyoey

A niioaaonoaee n ia?aoiaeii iaoae yeiiieee ia iiaua oi?iu yeiiiie/.
ioiioaiee, a oaeaea nouanoaiaaiey ?acee/iuo oi?i nianoa., aicieeea
iaiao. ia?aoiaea AO ia iaaeaeoi. noaiaea?ou.

Yoi a naith i/a?aaeue iio?aaiaaei ?ac?aaioee o/aoiie iieeoeee
i?aaei?eyoey. O/aoiay iieeoeea i?aaei?eyoey – yoi niaieoiiinoue
eiie?aoiuo oi?i e iaoiaeia AO, iniiaaiuo ia iauai?eiyouo i?eioeeiao e
iniaaiiinoae i?aaei?eyoey.

O/ao iieeoeea ioaaouaaao oai?eo., iaoiaee/., e oaoie/. oi?iu
i?aaiecaoeee AO.

Oai?eoe/. noi?iia aeeth/aao i?aaeea, caeiiiiieiaeaiey e iao/iua
iieiaeaiey aaaeaiey AO.

Iaoiae. noi?iia – iaoiaeu ioeaiee eiouanoaa e iaycaoaeuenoa e iaoiaeu
au/eneaiey oei ?ac.

Oaoie/aneay noi?iia – eiie?aoiay oi?ia aaaeaiey AO (IIO, AEIO, …),
ia?ii?eyoey, i?iaiaeeiua aoo neoaeaie e acaeiinaycue aoo neoaeau n ae?.
neoaeaaie.

O/ao iieeoeea ninoaaeyaony a ia/aea aiaea e aeaenoaoao a oa/aiea anaai
aiaea. I?aaei?eyoea ia eiaao i?aaa iaiyoue o/. iieeoeeo. A neo/aa ino?ie
iaiaiae. ioaeii ?ac?aoaiea Ieioeia.

O/ iieeoeea i?aaeiieaaaao iieo/aiea eioi?i., ioe?uoie aeey aiaoieo
iieueciaaoaeae. Ioe?uoinoue aeinoeaaaony iooai aeinoiaa?iiai io?aaeaiey
aa a oei io/ i?aaei?eyoey.

38. Nouiinoue io/aoiinoe, aa cia/aiea aeey oi?aaeaiey i?aaei?eyoeai

Caaa?oathuei yoaiii o/aoiiai i?ioeanna yaeyaony aoo. io/. A iae
ia?anoathuei eoiaii io?aaeathony iieacaoaee, oa?aeoa?ecothuea
eiouanoaaiiia e oeiainiaia iieiaeaiea i?aaei?eyoey, a oaeaea ?acoeueooao
oic. aeayoaeueiinoe ca io/aoiue ia?eiae.

O.i. io/aoiinoue – yoi nenoaia iieacaoaeae oei.- oic. aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey.

A oneiaeyo oi?ie?iaaiey e ?acaeoey ?uiiiuo ioiioaiee aic?anoaao cia/aiea
iauaeoeaiie e aeinoiaa?iie aoo. io/aoiinoe. Aiaeec iieacaoaeae
io/aoiinoe iicaieyao ii?aaeaeeoue iauoth noieiinoue eiouanoaa
i?aaei?eyoey, aaee/eio nianoa. eaieoaea i?aaei?eyoey e caaiiuo n?aaenoa.

Aeaiiua aoo io/aoiinoe iicaieytho auyaeoue oei. iieiaeaiea i?aaei?eyoey,
aai ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoue e aeioiaeiinoue.

1 – Aoo io/aoiinoue aeaao aiciiaeiinoue aieaa aeoaiei caaeyiooue ai
aioo?aiiea e aiaoiea ioiioaiey oic noauaeoa e i?aaei?eyoey, ioeaieoue
aai niiniaiinoue naiaa?aiaiii e iieiinoueth ?ann/eouaaoue ii
iaycaoaeuenoaai.

2 – Aiaoiea iieueciaaoaee aoo eioi?iaoeee ii aeaiiui io/aoiinoe
iieo/atho aiciiaeiinoue ioeaieoue oeaeaniia?aciinoue i?eia?aoaiey
eiouanoaa oiai eee eiiai i?aaei?eyoey, ecaaaeaoue auaea/e e?aaeeoia
iaiaaeaaeiui eeeaioai, i?aaeeueii iino?ieoue ioiioaiey n eiathueieny
caeac/eeaie, a oaeaea ioeaieoue oei. iieiaeaiea iioaioeeaeueiuo
ia?oia?ia.

3 – Ii aeaiiui io/aoiinoe ?oeiaiaeeoaeue i?aaei?eyoey io/eouaaaony
ia?aae o/?aaeeoaeyie e i?i/eie no?oeoo?aie oi?aaeaiey e eiio?iey.
Ouaoaeueiue aiaeec io/aoiinoe iicaieyao ?ane?uoue i?e/eiu iaaeinoaoeia a
?aaioa i?aaei?eyoey, auyaeoue ?aca?au e iaiaoeoue iooe oeo/oaiey aai
aeayoaeueiinoe. O.i. cia/aiea io/ aaeeei.

Ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca i?aaiecaoeeth AO ianoo eae eeoea, aaaeouea AO,
i?eaea/aiiua ni noi?iiu. ?oeiaiaeeoaeue i?aaei?eyoey eiaao i?aai
i?eaeaeaoue e aaaeaieth AO ae?oaeo eeoe. Ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca niaa?oaiea
anao oic iia?aoeee ianao ?oeiaiaeeoaeue e aeaaaoo.

A oii neo/aa, anee oic iia?aoeey yaeyaony iacaeiiiie, oi aeaaaoo ia
eiaao i?aaa aa io?aaeaoue a AO. Iaeiaei i?e iaee/ee ienueiaiiiai
oeacaiey ?oeiaiaeeoaey i?aaei?eyoey, aeieoiaio i?eieiaaony e
eniieiaieth. Ioaaonoaaiiue a aeaiiii neo/aa – oieueei ?oeiaiaeeoaeue.

Aeaaaoo, a niioaaonoaee n Iieiaeaieai, eiaao i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe:

1. i?aai ?anii?yaeaoueny oei. ?ano?naie i?aaei?eyoey

2. aeaaaoue i?aaeeiaeaiey ii iacia/aieth e oaieueiaieth iaoa?. ioaaono.
eeoe

3. i?aai iiaeienuaaoue oei aeieoiaiou, a oaeaea io/aoiinoue

4. i?aai aiineoue i?aaeeiaeaiey ?oeiaiaenoao i?aaei?eyoey ii oeo/oaieth
oic-oei aeayoaeueiinoe, a oaeaea nieaeaieth iaeiaiiaeaaeaiey a
niioaaonoaee n caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii

I?e inaiaiaeaeaiee aeaaaooa i?iiaeeony naea/a aeae.

A niioaaonoaee n Iieiaeaieai, aeieaeiinoue aeaaaooa iiaeii niaiauaoue n
aeieaeiinoueth eanne?a.

A 4 ?acaeaea eiathony oeacaiey ii ninoaaeaieth aoo io/, aa ia?a/aiue,
ii?yaeie i?aaenoaaeaiey io/ e n?iee i?aaenoaaeaiey eaa?oaeueiie e
aiaeiaie io/aoiinoe.

39. Ninoaa io/aoiinoe e i?aaeuyaeyaiua e iae o?aaiaaiey

I?aaei?eyoey, yaeythueany th?. eeoeaie, iacaaeneii io oi?i nianoaaiiinoe
e iiae/eiaiiinoe, ninoaaeytho aoo io/, eio io?aaeaao ninoaa eiouanoaa e
enoi/ieeia aai oi?ie?iaaiey, aeeth/ay eiouanoaa i?iecaiaenoa, oicyenoa e
ae?. no?oeoo?iuo iiae?acaeaeaiee, a oaeaea oeeeaeia, i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoa,
auaeaeaiiuo ia ioaeaeueiue aaeain e ia yaeythu. th? eeoeaie.

Aoo io/ ?ac?aaaouaaaony e ooaa?aeaeaaony ieioeiii ?O.

Aeey anao io?aneae i/o onoaiaaeeaathony oeiiaua oi?iu AO, aaeeiua
i?aaeea ioeaiee noaoae aaeaina, ii?yaeie i?aaenoaaeaiey e n?iee
ninoaaeaiey io/aoia. Aoo io/ ninoaaeyaony ca i?aae. eaeaiaea?iue ia?eiae
n ia?anoathuei eoiaii (eaa?oae, iieoaiaeea, 9 ian., aiae).

Io/aoiinoue aeaeeony ia eaa?oaeueioth e aiaeiaoth.

A ninoaa oaa?oaeueiie io/ aoiaeeo:

1) aaeain i?aaei?eyoey (oi?ia ?1); 2) io/ao i oei. ?acoeueo. e eo
enieeueciaaiee (?2); 3) ni?aaea e io/aoo i oei. ?ac. e eo eniieuec; 4)
?an/aou iaeiaia;

A ninoaa aiaeiaie io/ aeeth/aaony: 1) aaeain i?aaei?eyoey (? 1); 2)
io/ao i oei. ?acoeueo. e eo enieeueciaaiee (?2); 3) ni?aaea e io/aoo i
oei. ?ac. e eo eniieuec; 4) i?eeiaeaiea e aaeaino (?5);

Io/ao i oei ?ac ninoaaeyaony ia iniiaaiee aeaiiuo neio e aiae o/aoa.

Ii ninoieo ec 2 ?acaeaeia:

1. io?aaeathony oei ?ac, iieo/aiiua io ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee, io
i?i/ae ?aaeecaoeee, a oaeaea aeioiaeu e ?anoiaeu io aia?aaeecaoeeiiiuo
iia?aoeee (oe/a).

2. io?aaeathony iieacaoaee, oa?aeoa?ecothuea iai?aaeaiey eniieueciaaiey
i?eauee (ieaoaaee a athaeaeao, io/eneaiey a ?ac. eaieoae e oiiaeu,
nicaeaiea oiiaea iaeiieaiey, iio?aaeaiey, eniieueciaaiea i?eauee ia
aeaaioai?. e ae?. oeaee.)

Ni?aaee e io/aoo i oei. ?ac. a yoie ni?aaea ?anoeo?iauaathony ieaoaaee a
athaeaeao, i?iecaaaeaiiua i?aaei?eyoeai ca io/aoiue ia?eiae, a oaeaea
cao?aou e ?anoiaeu, eio. o/eouaathony i?e en/eneaiee eueaio ii iaeiao ia
i?eaueue.

– cao?aou ia oeiaine?iaaiea eai. aeiaeaiee i?iec e ia i?iecaiaeno
cia/aiey, ia i?iaaaeaiea IEIE?, ia niaea?aeaiea iauaeoia e o/?aaeaeaiee
cae?aaiio?aiaiey, ia?. ia?aciaaiey, aeaoneeo o/?aaeae. e o. i. a
i?aaeaeao ii?iu, onoaiiaeaiiie ianoiuie i?aaiaie aeanoe

– ia aeaaioai?eo oeaee, a yeieiai-icaei?iaeo oiiaeu, iauanoa. oiiaeu

– aeaeaeaiea aeai. n?-a

40. Iieueciaaoaee aoo. io/aoiinoe

Iieueciaaoaeyie aoo. io/. yaeythony nianoaaiieee a niioaaonoaee n
o/?aaeeo. aeieoiaioaie, ain. iaeia. einiaeoeey ii ianoo ?aniieiaeaiey
i?aaei?eyoey, e?aaeeoiua o/?aaeaeaiey, ianeoaeeaathuea i?aaei?eyoea.

I?aaei?eyoea i?aaeinoaaeyao aoo io/ (eaa?oaeueioth) a oa/aiea 30 aeiae
ii ieii/aieth eaa?oaea, a aiaeiaoth a oa/aiea 80 aeiae ii ieii/aieth
aiaea a iaeia. einiaeoeeth.

I?eeiaeaiea e aaeaino

ninoieo ec 10 ?acaeaeia

1. –io?aaeaiea aeaeaeaiey nianoa. eaieoaea i?aaei?eyoey e oiiaeia,
–io?aaeaiea aeaeaeaiey i?i/eo oiiaeia e ?aca?aia

2. aeaeaeaiea caaiiuo n?-a

3. aeaeaeaiea aeaa-e?aae caaeieaeaiiinoe

4. io?aaeaaony ninoaa iaiao. aeoeaia ia eiiaoe aiaea

5. io?aaeaaony iaee/ea e aeaeae. IN (a niioa. n eo eeanneo)

6. iaee/ea oei aeiae. ia aeieain?. e e?aoein?.

7. eniieuecia. n?-a i?aaei?eyoey ia nioe ioaeaeu

8. aeaeae. n?-a oeiaine?ia. eai. aeiae e ae?. oei aeiae.

9. ni?aaea iaee/ey oeaiiinoae, o/eouaaaiuo ia caaaeain. n/aoao

10. aaenaeueiia ia?auaiea ia i?aaei?eyoee

Iniiaiuie o?aaiaaieyie i?e ninoaaeaiee aoo io/ yaeythony:

– aeinoiaa?iinoue aeaiiuo

– niioaaonoaea eo aeaiiui neio e aiae o/aoa

– i?inoioa e yniinoue iieacaoaeae

– n?aaieiinoue iieacaoaeae io/aoiiai aiaea n niioa. iieac. i?aaeo aiaea

– eni?aaeaiey a io/ ia aeiioneathony

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