4
Eo?niaie i?iaeo
ii oaia: “I?aaiecaoeey i?iecaiaenoaa onoie/eauo e aieaciyi ni?oia iyaeie
y?iaie ioaieoeu a ciia thaeiie eaninoaie e eo i?aaiecaoeeiiii
yeiiiie/aneay ioeaiea.”
Aaaaeaiea
I?aaiecaoeey naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa—yoi aaiaoe
aa?iiiie/aneie iaoee. iia aeeth/aao iiiaeanoai aeenoeeieei, n?aaee
eioi?uo eae /enoi naeueneioicyenoaaiiua, oae e yeiiiie/aneea. ec
naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo iaoe iaeaieaa oanii naycaiu iaoee:
?anoaieaaiaenoai, aeeaioiiaiaenoai, caieaono?ienoai e nenoaiu
caieaaeaeey; ec yeiiiie/aneeo: iaiaaeaeiaio e ia?eaoeia.
Iniaie io?aneueth i?aaiecaoeee naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa
yaeyaony i?aaiecaoeey i?iecaiaenoaa iiauo ni?oia. Yoa aeenoeeieeia eiaao
naie iniaaiiinoe. E yoei iniaaiiinoyi ioiinyony:
1. cia/eoaeueiay naycue n aa?iia?eaoeiaii;
2. aunieay iaoei?ieinoue;
3. aieueoie iauai ?o/iiai iaiaoaiece?iaaiiiai o?oaea;
4. ?acoeueoaoii i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe yaeyaony iiaue ni?o eee
aeaaea iiaay eoeueoo?a.
Iniiaiua aea i?eioeeiu i?aaiecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaa iaeciaiiu aeey iaaeo
aeenoeeieei—yoi i?eioeei caeiiiinoe, i?eioeei /anoiie nianoaaiiinoe ia
caieth, i?eioeei iao/iie i?aaiecaoeee o?oaea e i?eioeei yeiiiie/aneie
oeaeaniia?aciinoe.
I?iecaiaenoai iiauo ni?oia—yoi i?ae?aniay aiciiaeiinoue iiauneoue
eiee/anoaaiiua e ea/anoaaiiua iieacaoaee i?iaeoeoeee ?anoaieaaiaenoaa,
iioeiece?iaaoue oaoiieiaee e eae neaaenoaea aeiaeoueny iiauoaiey
yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe oiaa?iiai i?iecaiaenoaa.
Yoa ?aaioa iinayuaia i?aaiecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaa iiauo ni?oia a
nia?aiaiiuo yeiiiie/aneeo oneiaeyo
1. e?aoeay oa?aeoa?enoeea iao/iiai o/?aaeaeaiey.
1.1 ianoi iieiaeaiea, enoi?ey, no?oeoo?iua iiae?acaeaeaiey.
Iiuoiia iiea iineiai naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai einoeoooa ?aniieiaeaii a
/a?oa ai?iaea, ia i?aaii aa?aao E?ouoa, a ciia thaeiie eaninoaie
Caiaaeiie Neae?e. Ii/au – iaueiiaaiiue n?aaeiaiiuiue iaeiaoioniaue
/a?iic?i ni neaaie nieiioeaaaoinoueth.
Ia?aua ?oeiaiaeeoaee iao/iuo enneaaeiaaiee nooaeaioia ia eaoaae?a
aaiaoeee, naeaeoeee e naiaiiaiaenoaa auee: aeieoi? naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo
iaoe i?ioanni? A.A. Aaea? a 1930-1937aa, aeaaeaiee I.A. Oeuoeui n
1937-1938aa. Caoai a ?aciua aiaeu nooaeaiou caieiaeenue iiae
?oeiaiaenoaii aeioeaioa Eiaoueaaa
cia/eoaeueiua oniaoe aeinoeaioou ia eaoaae?a ii naeaeoeee y?iaie
ioaieoeu – iniiaiie i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiie eoeueoo?u a ?aaeiia. ?aaioa
ia/aoa au? a 50-a aiaeu N.E. Eaiioueaa. A 70-a aiaeu i?e eaoaae?a auea
i?aaieciaaia i?iaeaiiay eaai?aoi?ey naeaeoeee iyaeie y?iaie ioaieoeu e
iceiiai o?eoeeaea. Nio?oaeieee eaai?aoi?ee caieiaeenue i?iaeaiaie
nieiioeaonoie/eainoe o?eoeeaea.
Nae/an oaiaoeea ?aaio aieaa iaoe?ia a nayce n aicieeoeie iiauie
i?iaeaiaie (iiauoaiea canooionoie/eainoe, onoie/eainoe e aieaciyi,
nicaeaiea ni?oia iyaeie ioaieoeu ei?iiaiai iai?aaeaiey)
?aeiie?iaaiiue a 1990a ni?o iyaeie y?iaie ioaieoeu neaaeianeay-3 a
ianoiyuaa a?aiy caieiaao iaeii ec aaaeoueo iano ii ieiuaaee iinaaa a
iineie iaeanoe. E?iia yoiai ni?oa a eaai?aoi?ee nicaeaiu oaeea ni?oa eae
ethoanoeain-34, IiNOE-6 e ae?oaea. A iineaaeiaa a?aiy nicaeaiu au? 6
ni?oia iyaeie y?iaie ioaieoeu niaianoii n ?acee/iuie naeaeoeeiiiuie
o/?aaeaeaieyie no?aiu (/aeyaeineee IEENO, eo?aaineee IEECO, EOeeANI?AI,
IEENO Naaa?iiai Cao?aeuey) yoi Y?eo?inia?ioi 59, Cao?aeueneay 90,
Oa?oeey, Ethoanoeain 78, ieaa 2, Ceaoica?a. Ainoaea?noaaiiia
ni?oieniuoaiea au? ia i?ioee ni?oa Ceaoica?a e Ethoanoeain 78. A 1994a a
ainoaea?noaaiiue ?aano? auee aeeth/ai ni?o Y?eo?inia?ioi 59, a a 1995a
ni?o Oa?oeey. Ia?aue ni?o oa?aeoa?ecoaony iiauoaiiie
canooionoie/eainoueth e aunieei ea/anoaii ca?ia. oa?oeey aue ia?aue
ni?oii n eiiieaeniie onoie/eainoueth e ao?ie ?aeaa/eia e io/ienoie ?ina.
Aieueoay ?aaioa i?iaiaeeony e ii naeaeoeee iceiiai o?eoeeaea
ia/aoay au? iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii N.E. Eaiioueaaa. Nicaeai e ?aeiie?iaai
ni?o iceiiai o?eoeeaea Iineia ca?iiei?iiaiai iacia/aiey.
Oe?ie niaeo? iai?aaeaiee naeaeoeee. Anee ?aiaa ?aaiou aaeenue, a
iniiaiii ii nicaeaieth auniei aaeeiauo ni?oia n oi?ioei e ioee/iui
ea/anoaii ca?ia, oi nae/an i?aiaeaaeatho ?aaiou ii ioaeae?iiie
aea?eaeecaoeee (iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii A.I. Na?theiaa) e ii naeaeoeee ia
canooionoie/eainoue e onoie/eainoue e aieaciyi (iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii A.I.
Oaiaieia). ?anoe?ythony iaaeaeo ia?iaeiua nayce eaai?aoi?ee. I?ienoiaeeo
eioaineaiue iaiai eioi?iaoeeae e naeaeoeeiiiui iaoa?eaeii. Iaeaieaa
aeoeaii nio?oaeie/atho CIMMYT e ?yae oieaa?neoaoia NOA.
Naeaeoeeiiiay ?aaioa i?iaiaeeony a o??o iiae?acaeaeaieyo eaai?aoi?ee.
Yoi Aieoaeianeee noaoeeiia? Aieueoia e Iaeia iiuoiua iiey.
1.2 Ii/aaiii-eeeiaoe/aneea oneiaey
1.2.1 Ii/aaiiua oneiaey
ii/aaiiua ?aciinoe iiuoiiai iiey i?aaenoaaeaiu a iniiaiii
/a?iic?iaie iaueiiaaiiuie n?aaeia – e iaeiiiuiuie iaeiaoioniauie ni
neaaie nieiioeaaaoinoueth oyaeaeinoaeeienouie e aeeienouie.
Ii/aaiiue i?ioeeue i?aaenoaaeai ai?eciioaie Aiao, AA, A1e, A2e, Ne.
A aoiiniaii ai?eciioa AA i?enoonoaoao oa?aeoa?iay ca?ienoi-i?aoiaaoay
ino?ia?aiiay no?oeoo?a I?ioeeue /?oei aeeooa?aioee?iaai ii eeo e
oece/aneie aeeia, eeethaeaeueiua ai?eciiou AA, A1e, A2e /?oei ioi?ieaiu.
Ea?aiiaou a aeaea i?eiacie e ?anieua/aouo iy9019oai. ?I aiaeiie
noniaicee Aiao–7,1. Niaea?aeaiea aoiona a Aiao—5,6%, aaeiaiai N–0,31,
onaaeaaaiiai ?—7,2 ia/100a / ii/au, onaaeaaaiiai eaeey — 39,3 ia/100a
ii/au. Aea?ineiie/aneay aeaaa, % aeey Aiao – 3,2.
A ninoiyiee oece/aneie niaeinoe ieano ii/au ieacuaaao neaaia
nii?ioeaeaiea ii/aiia?aaaouaathuei i?oaeeyi. Yoi i?ienoiaeeo ec- ca
oi?ioae a? ino?oeoo?aiiinoe aeaaiaea?y yoiio iia oi?ioi e?ioeony e ia
iaeeiaao ia ?aai/ea i?aaiu. A oeaeii ii/au iiaeii ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue eae
ieiaei?iaeiua n oi?ioae iee?ino?oeoo?ie e aiaeii-oece/aneeie naienoaaie.
1.2.2 Eeeiaoe/aneea oneiaey
Iiuoiia iiea Ii AAO iaoiaeeony a ciia n oeie/ii eiioeiaioaeueiui
eeeiaoii. I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue nieia/iiai neyiey 2200 /ania a aiae.
Noiia aeoeaiuo oaiia?aoo? 1800-2000 0N. I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
aacii?iciiai ia?eiaea a n?aaeiai 108-127 aeiae
Ii eiee/anoao inaaeeia thaeiay eaninoaiue ioiineony e ciia
iaonoie/eaiai oaeaaeiaiey. N?aaeiaaiaeiaay noiia inaaeeia 300-350ii. Ec
ieo 200ii e aieaa i?eoiaeeony ia aaaaoaoeeiiiue ia?eiae. Aeey ?aaeiia
oa?aeoa?ia aieueoay eciai/eainoue ii aiaeai. Oi?ioi iaania/aiiua aeaaie
aiaeu niaiythony canooeeauie. Aa?iyoiinoue eao oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueii e
oi?ioi iaania/aiiuo aeaaie – 45%.
Canooa a caiaaeiie Neae?e iaaethaeaaony a ia?aie iieiaeia
aaaaoaoeee. Ano?a/aaiinoue eao n ?aiiaeaoiae canooie – 28%. Ii eiiaaea,
ia/aaoenue a ia?aie iieiaeia aaaaoaoeee, iia ioaaouaaao e aoi?oth a?
iieiaeio. Aa?iyoiinoue oaeeo eao – 12-14%. Oaeay aea iiaoi?yaiinoue
canooe, eiathuae ianoi ai aoi?ie iieiaeia aaaaoaoeee.
Io?eoeaoaeueiie iniaaiiinoueth yaeyaony iauay iaonoie/eainoue eeeiaoa ii
aiaeai e ?aceea eieaaaiey iaoai?ieiae/aneeo oneiaee io naciia e naciio,
io ianyoea e ianyoeo, a oa/aiea ianyoea e aeaaea nooie.
2. I?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneay oa?aeoa?enoeea yenia?eiaioaeueiiai
oicyenoaa (Iiuoiiai iiey IiAAO).
2.1 Caiaeueiua oaiaeuey, ninoaa naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo oaiaeee, eo
aa?iiiie/aneay oa?aeoa?enoeea, ?aoeeiiaeueiinoue eniieueciaaiey e io?aia
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu.
Iiuoiia iiea ninoieo ec aeaoo oa??eoi?eaeueiuo ioaeaeaiee: aieueoiai
iiuoiiai iiey (24aa) e iaeiai iiuoiiai iiey (16aa). Anee eo
?anniao?eaaoue n oi/ee c?aiey naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo oaiaeee oi aieueoia
iiuoiia iiea oeaeeeii i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iaoith, a iaeia – iaoith n
iaaieueoeie o/anoeaie iiiaieaoieo o?aa, ia ?aniaoeaaaiuo a oa/aiea
aeanyoeia eao. Caiaeueiua oaiaeuey cae?aieaiu ca ?aciuie eaoaae?aie
IiAAO: aaiaoeee e naeaeoeee, ?anoaieaaiaenoaa, ei?iii?iecaiaenoaa, ieiae
iaiuaaiaenoaa, oeceieiaee naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo ?anoaiee e ae?.
Aa?iiiie/aneay ioeaiea. Cani??iiinoue
a Eaoaae?a caieaaeaeey – 4 aaeea;
a Eaoaae?a ?anoaieaaiaenoaa – 3-4 aaeea;
a Eaoaae?a naeaeoeee – 0-1 aaeea;
Eniieueciaaiea iaoie. Eniieueciaaiea iaoie ia iiuoiii iiea IiAAO auniei
?aoeeiiaeueii. Eaaeaeay eaoaae?a no?aieony ia ia?aie/aiiie oa??eoi?ee
?acianoeoue eae iiaeii aieueoa iiuoia e iaaethaeaiee.
Io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. Ia iiuoiii iiea ia eniieuecothony
ianoeoeeaeu. Iaeiaei eo aeaenoaea iiaeao eco/aoueny a niaoeeaeueiuo
iiuoao. Ia i?eiaiaiea ianoeoeeaeia iauyniyaony aieueoei iau?iii ?o/iuo
?aaio. Ia iiuoiii iiea eiaaony o/anoie iaoai?ieiae/aneeo iaaethaeaiee e
o/anoee iiiaieaoieo o?aa ia ?aniaoeaaaiua a oa/aiea aeanyoeia eao. Yoe
o/anoee neoaeao ?aca?aaoii ?aaeeeo e oeaiiuo oi?i yioiiioaoiu, /oi
iicaieyao iiaeaea?aeeaaoue yeieiae/aneia ?aaiiaanea.
Au?iaiaiiay iiaa?oiinoue iiey e iaee/ea caueoiuo iiein i?eaiaeeo e
ionoonoaeth aiaeiie e aicaeooiie y?icee.
2.2 Niaoeeaeecaoeey oicyenoaa, no?oeoo?a iinaaiuo ieiuaaeae, noieiinoue
iniiaiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oiiaeia, aaeiaie i?iaeoeoeee.
Niaoeeaeecaoeey oicyenoaa iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneay aeayoaeueiinoue,
naiaiiaiaenoai, iaiuaaiaenoai, i?iecaiaenoai naaeaioeaa.
No?oeoo?a iinaaiuo ieiuaaeae aeaia a oaaeeoea 1.:
Oaaeeoea-1 No?oeoo?a iinaaiuo ieiuaaeae.
A?oiiu eoeueoo? e ia? Caieiaaiua ieiuaaee,
aaIiiaieaoiea o?aau0,9Ia?3Iceiua0,6ss?iaua: ioaieoea, ia?n, niy,
y/i.9,2Iaiuiua2,3
Noieiinoue iniiaiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oiiaeia e aaeiaie i?iaeoeoeee
aeaia a oaaeeoea 2.
Oaaeeoea 2– Noieiinoue iniiaiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oiiaeia e aaeiaie
i?iaeoeoeee
Aeaeu i?iaeoeoeee e
iniiaiua i?iecaiaenoaaiiua oiiaeu
Noieiinoue, ?oaeaeIIO413540Ca?ii
ioaieoeu5000Iaiue3000Naaeaioeu2500Niy1800
2.3 Iniiaiua yeiiiie/aneea iieacaoaee i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Ioeaieaaoue iniiaiua yeiiiie/aneea iieacaoaee i/aiue o?oaeii, oae eae
iieo/aiea yeiiiie/aneiai yooaeoa ia yaeyaony iniiaiie oeaeueth aeaiiiai
oicyenoaa. Iiuoiia iiea iiaao neoaeeo, i?aaeaea anaai, oeaeyi iao/iui e
iao/athuei. Iieo/aiea yeiiiie/aneiai yooaeoa yaeaiea nei?aa iiai/iia,
oioy e ia iaeiaaaeiia.
O?iaaiue i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea ia iiaeao auoue ?ann/eoai, oae eae
/enei oaeoe/anee ?aaioathueo (ca n/?o nooaeaioia IiAAO) ai iiiai ?ac
i?aauoaao /enei ioeoeeaeueii /eneyueony ?aai/eo.
?aioaaaeueiinoue a yoii aiaeo ia ?ann/eouaaeanue (e ia ?ann/eouaaaony
oaea aeaaii) oae eae i?iecaiaenoai oauoi/ii. Cao?aou a yoii aiaeo
ninoaaeee 200iei ?oaeae, a au?o/ea io ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee a?yae ee
i?aauneo 20iei ?oaeae. Iniiaiua cao?aou ninoaaeytho ieaoaaee ca
ioiieaiea, yeaeo?iyia?aeth e ANI.
O?iaaiue oaeoe/aneeo oeai ia ?aaeecoaioth i?iaeoeoeeth ?anoaieaaiaenoaa
aeai a oaaeeoea 3
Oaaeeoea 3 — O?iaaiue oaeoe/aneeo oeai ia ?aaeecoaioth i?iaeoeoeeth
?anoaieaaiaenoaa
Aeaeu i?iaeoeoeeeiao?oeu oaiee/iua.iao?oeu a?oioiaua
oiiaou
niyioaieoeaia?n, y/iaiueOeaiu, oun. ?oa./ea
7-5
3
5
1
5
4
2.4 I?aaiecaoeey o?oaea
?oeiaiaeeo iiuoiui iieai Caaaaeothuee iiuoiui iieai. Ii iiae/eiyaony
iaiin?aaenoaaiii i?i?aeoi?o IiAAO ii iaoea. O caaaaeothuaai a
iiae/eiaiee iaoiaeyony aeaa o?aeoi?enoa, aeaa ?aai/eo, aeaa noi?iaea e
iaeei ?aai/ee ii ?aiiioo naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo iaoei.
3. E?aoeay oa?aeoa?enoeea ninoiyiey ioaeaeueiuo io?aneae
yenia?eiaioaeueiiai oicyenoaa
3.1 Iieaaiaenoai
3.1.1 O?iaeaeiinoue
O?iaeaeiinoue cia/eoaeueii eieaaeaony a caaeneiinoe io iiaiaeiuo oneiaee
aiaea e ia yaeythony cia/eoaeueiie oeaeueth. Iieacaoaee o?iaeaeiinoe
i?aaenoaaeaiu a oaaeeoea 4.
Oaaeeoea 4 – O?iaeaeiinoue ?acee/iuo eoeueoo? ii aiaeai, oe/aa.
Eoeueoo?uioaieoeaia?ny/iaiue199613-1415121997364230
3.1.2 Naaiiai?iou
Naaiiai?iou o eaaeaeie eaoaae?u naie. Naeaeoeeiiiua naaiiai?iou
iaaaeeee. Aio i?eia? oaeiai naaiiai?ioa:
1. Ia?
2. Ioaieoea
3. Ioaieoea
4. Iceiia o?eoeeaea
3.1.3 Iniiaiua yeaiaiou oaoiieiaee aicaeaeuaaiey
A naeaeoeeiiiuo ieoiiieeao /aua anaai i?eiaiytho neaaeothuoth
oaoiieiaeth aicaeaeuaaiey:
1. Cyaeaaay aniaoea.
2. Niaaicaaea?aeaiea (i?iaiaeeony oieueei n iinaaii eoeen e oieueei ia
iceiuo).
3. Aanaiiea cae?uoea aeaae a aeaa neaaea. Ia?aue neaae – ACON-1. Aoi?ie
neaae – ACNN-1. Noeaiea: NI-6.
4. I?aaeiinaaiay eoeueoeaaoeey: EIN-4.
5. Iinaa nayeeaie NI-16, NNOE-7,NCI-3,6.
6. Iineaiinaaiia i?eeaouaaiea.
7. Oai?ea i?yiui eiiaaeie?iaaieai eiiaaeiaie: Naiii 500 e Naiii 130.
8. Iinea oai?ee naiaia aunooeaatho a nooeeeao ?aciuo eiino?oeoeee e
onoaiiaeao aeoeaiiai aaioeee?iaaiey.
9. I/enoea naiyi i?iecaiaeeony ia ni?oe?iaaeueiie e ca?iii/euathuae
iaoeia “ Iaoeon ”.
3.2 Oaoieea aaciianiinoe
I?e i?e?ia ia ?aaioo o?aeoi?enou e ?aai/ea i?ioiaeyo ia?ae/iue
eino?oeoaae ii oaoieea aaciianiinoe, i /ai ?anienuaathony a
niioaaonoaothuai aeo?iaea. Oae aea eino?oeoaae i?ioiaeyo e nooaeaiou,
i?eoaaeoea ia i?aeoeeo, aac /aai e ?aaioa ia aeiioneathony.
Aeey o?aeoi?enoia a aa?aaea ?acaaoeaatho ieaeaou ii oaoieea
aaciianiinoe.
O?aeoi?a e naeueneioicyenoaaiiua iaoeiu iniauaiu eni?aaiuie
ia?aaeeoaeueiuie ono?ienoaaie, ea?aeaiaie e o.ae.
4. I?ia?aiia enneaaeiaaiee
E?aaoaieueiui eaiiai i?ia?aiiu enneaaeiaaiee yaeyaony nicaeaiea
enoiaeiiai iaoa?eaea aeey naeaeoeee aunieio?iaeaeiuo ni?oia ei?iiaiai e
i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiiai iacia/aiey, eioaineaiiai oeia, n eiiieaeniie
onoie/eainoueth e aieaciyi e iiauoaiiie onoie/eainoueth e
iaaeaaii?eyoiui eeeiaoe/aneei e yaeaoe/aneei oneiaeyi noaiiie e
eaninoaiiie cii Caiaaeiie Neae?e.
A i?ioeanna naeaeoeee ieaie?oaony i?eaea/aiea eo/oeo ni?oia iyaeie
y?iaie e iceiie ioaieoeu ioa/anoaaiiie e ca?oaaaeiie naeaeoeee,
nianoaaiiiai ia?niaeoeaiiai naeaeoeeiiiiai iaoa?eaea, iieo/aiiiai a
?acoeueoaoa aioo?eaeaeiaie e ioaeae?iiie aea?eaeecaoeee, eieeaeoeeiiiuo
ia?acoeia AE?a n yooaeoeaiuie aaiaie onoie/eainoe e iniiaiui aieaciyi, a
oaeaea iooaioia.
Iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey e iaoiaeeea enneaaeiaaiee. Eaai?aoi?ey
iiaeaea?aeeaaao aeaa iniiaiuo iai?aaeaiey naeaeoeee. Ia?aia – naeaeoeey
ioaieoeu ia nieiioea onoie/eainoue. Aoi?ia i eioi?ii nianoaaiii e
iieae?o ?a/ue naeaeoeey ioaieoeu ia eiiieaenioth onoie/eainoue e
a?aaeeoaeyi e aieaciyi.
Iaoiaeeea naeaeoeee. Ia?aui yoaiii yaeyaony ioaeae?iiay aea?eaeecaoeey
T. aestivum n ae?oaeie aeaeaie ?iaea Triticum e aeeei?anooueie
iiiaieaoieie iyoeeeiauie ?iaeia Agropiron e Elitrigia.
Neaaeothuei yoaiii yaeyaony aaee?iniay naeaeoeey, n ioai?ii onoie/eauo
oi?i n iiauoaiiuie oicyenoaaiii oeaiiuie i?eciaeaie. Ioai? i?iecaiaeeony
n iiiiuueth iaoiaeee: ia?ee?iaaiey aaiia onoie/eainoe e
aaiceieaeacieueiie.
5. Iniiaiua ia?aiao?u iiaeaeae ni?oia e oaeoi?u eo oi?ie?othuea
A Caiaaeiie Neae?e iniiaiuie iaaeaaii?eyoiuie oaeoi?aie, nieaeathueie
o?iaeaeiinoue yaeythony:
1. ?aiiaeaoiyy canooa;
2. neeueiia ?acaeoea yieoeoiee;
3. nieiioeiaua ii/au (aei 1,3 iei. aa a iaoia ii iaeanoe);
4. neiaeiua oneiaey oai?ee:
a ecauoie aeaae – eae neaaenoaea iieaaaiea, noaeaiea ca?ia, i?i?anoaiea
ia eiith e ae?.;
a ieceea oaiia?aoo?u – eae neaaenoaea caoyaeaaiea nic?aaaiey,
ii?iciaieiinoue e ae?.
Enoiaey ec yoeo iaaeaaii?eyoiuo oaeoi?ia oi?ie?oaony aeaa a?oiiu
iiaeaeae ni?oia:
1. Yenoaineaiiai oeia. Noaaeeueiue iaaunieee o?iaeae ni noaaeeueii
aunieei ea/anoaii ca?ia, iao?aaiaaoaeueiinoue e ii/aai, aunieay
canooionoie/eainoue, oiea?aioiinoue e aieaciyi e a?aaeeoaeyi. Aioo?e
a?oiiu iiaeaee iiae?acaeaeythony ii aaaaoaoeeiiiiio ia?eiaeo ia
n?aaeia?aiiea (76-78aei.), nei?iniaeua (70-75aei.), e n?aaeianiaeua
(80-82aei).
2. Eioaineaiiai oeia. Aunieio?iaeaeiua, aunieia ea/anoai ca?ia,
iocua/eaua ia oaeia?aiey, onoie/eaua e aieaciyi, a?aaeeoaeyi,
iieaaaieth. Iiaeaee ni?oia oaeaea iiae?acaeaeythony ia a?oiiu niaeinoe:
n?aaeia?aiiea (76-78aei.), iniiaiay a?oiia – n?aaeianiaeua (80-82aei.),
e n?aaeiaiicaeiea (84-86aei.).
6. Ioeaiea i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneeo iieacaoaeae iiaiai ni?oa a
oneiaeyo i?iecaiaenoaa.
Ioeaiea i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneeo iieacaoaeae i?iecaiaeeony ia
iniiaaiee oaoiieiae/aneie ea?ou i?eaaae?iiie ia no?aieoea 17. Aeaiiay
oaoiieiae/aneay ea?oa yaeyaony oeiiaie aeey au?aueaaiey iyaeie y?iaie
ioaieoeu a ciia thaeiie eaninoaie Caiaaeiie Neae?e. Auaeaeaiiua
oaoiieiae/aneea iia?aoeee ia aoiaeyo a oaoiieiae/aneoth ea?oo
i?iecaiaenoaa iiaiai ni?oa.
Ca n/?o nie?auaiey aeaiiuo oaoiieiae/aneeo iia?aoeee aeinoeaaaony
nie?auaiea cao?ao:
a o?oaea – 71,4 /aeiaaei/ania;
a oa?eoiiai oiiaea ca?aaioiie ieaou – 204,2o.?.;
a ai?th/aai – 2,2oe, eee a noieiinoiii au?aaeaiee a 382,1o.?.;
a yeaeo?iyia?aee – 63eAo/, eee a noieiinoiii au?aaeaiee 10,4o.?.;
a aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa ia caeoieo ooiaeoeeaeia – 170o.?.
Oaeei ia?acii yeiiiiey aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa anaai ninoaaeo 1148800 ?oaeae
ia 100aa. E?iia oiai i?eaaaea o?iaeaeiinoe a 0,5o/aa iicaieeo iieo/eoue
aeiiieieoaeueioth i?iaeoeoeeth 50o ca?ia ia 100aa ia noiio 30000000
?oaeae (i?e ?aaeecaoeee ii oeaia 600o.?. ca oiiio.
Iauay yeiiiie/aneay yooaeoeaiinoue i?eiaiaiey iiaiai ni?oa ninoaaeo
31148800 ?oaeae/100aa. Ni?o n oaeeie iieacaoaeyie iiaeao cia/eoaeueii
oeo/oeoue oeiainiaia iieiaeaiea oicyenoaa aac aeiiieieoaeueiuo cao?ao.
7. Auaiaeu e i?aaeeiaeaiey.
1. I?iecaiaenoai iiauo ni?oia (aeaaea iacia/eoaeueiia oeo/oaiea
nouanoaothueo) iiaeao neeueii eciaiyoue oaoiieiaeth e i?aaiecaoeeth
naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. Iaiythony cao?aou e i?aaiecaoeey
o?oaea, eniieueciaaiea iaoeiio?aeoi?iiai ia?ea e ANI, oeiainiaua
cao?aou. Iai?eia?, ca n/?o aaaaeaiea a i?iecaiaenoai iiauo onoie/eauo e
aieaciyi ni?oia iiaeii nie?aoeoue a?eaaaeo oeie/aneie caueou, niyoue
cao?aou ia ianoeoeeaeu, ia caaioeony i iaee/ee neeaaeneeo iiiauaiee e
iiiaii ae?oaii.
2. I?iecaiaenoai iiauo ni?oia aea?o iuooeiue iieiaeeoaeueiue
yeiiiie/aneee yooaeo eae ca n/ao yeiiiiee iniiaiuo e iai?ioiuo oiiaeia
oae e ca n/?o iieo/aiey aeiiieieoaeueiie i?iaeoeoeee.
I?aaeeiaeaiey: 1. iinoaaeoue i?iecaiaenoai iiauo ni?oia ia i?iiuoeaiioth
iniiao; 2 i?eiaiyoue i?aaiecaoeeiiii yeiiiie/aneia iiaeaee?iaaiea
ni?oia.
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