Niaea?aeaiea
TOC \o “1-5” Aaaaeaiea GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393038 PAGEREF
_Toc392393038 2
Aeaaa 1. Oi?aaeaiea e?aaeeoaie a aaiea. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393039
PAGEREF _Toc392393039 5
1.1 No?oeoo?a e?aaeeoiiai ioaeaea e aaiea. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393040
PAGEREF _Toc392393040 5
1.2 Aeaeu e iaoiaeu e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393041
PAGEREF _Toc392393041 9
1.3 Aeaeu e?aaeeoia. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393042 PAGEREF
_Toc392393042 11
1.4 Aeaeu e?aaeeoiuo ?eneia. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393043 PAGEREF
_Toc392393043 15
1.5 Yoaiu i?ioiaeaeaiey e?aaeeoa. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393044
PAGEREF _Toc392393044 17
1.5.1 ?anniio?aiea cayaee ia iieo/aiea e?aaeeoa. GOTOBUTTON
_Toc392393045 PAGEREF _Toc392393045 17
1.5.2 Ioeaiea e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe caaiueea. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393046
PAGEREF _Toc392393046 23
1.5.3 Iiaeaioiaea e?aaeeoiiai aeiaiai?a e aai caeeth/aiea.
GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393047 PAGEREF _Toc392393047 25
1.5.4 E?aaeeoiue iiieoi?eia. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393048 PAGEREF
_Toc392393048 29
Aeaaa 2. Iaoiaeu eniieueciaaiey nenoaiiiai aiaeeca a i?ioeannao
oi?aaeaiey. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393049 PAGEREF _Toc392393049 31
2.1. I?aaeiao e caaea/e nenoaiiiai aiaeeca. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393050
PAGEREF _Toc392393050 31
2.2. Caaea/e nenoaiiiai aiaeeca a oi?aaeaiee e?aaeeoaie aaiea.
GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393051 PAGEREF _Toc392393051 32
Aeaaa 3. Nenoaiiue aiaeec oi?aaeaiey e?aaeeoaie. GOTOBUTTON
_Toc392393052 PAGEREF _Toc392393052 34
3.1. Aiaeec e?aaeeoiuo caaeieaeaiiinoae a 1995 e 1996 aiaeao.
GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393053 PAGEREF _Toc392393053 34
3.1.1. Aiaeec caaeieaeaiiinoae ii n?ieai. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393054
PAGEREF _Toc392393054 37
3.1.2. Aiaeec caaeieaeaiiinoae ii io?aneyi. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393055
PAGEREF _Toc392393055 39
3.1.3. Ii i?ioeaioiui noaaeai. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393056 PAGEREF
_Toc392393056 40
3.2. Aiaeec iiauo auaeaiiuo e?aaeeoia a 1996 aiaeo. GOTOBUTTON
_Toc392393057 PAGEREF _Toc392393057 41
3.2.1. Aiaeec auaeaiiuo e?aaeeoia ii n?ieai. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393058
PAGEREF _Toc392393058 41
3.2.2. Aiaeec auaeaiiuo e?aaeeoia ii io?aneyi. GOTOBUTTON
_Toc392393059 PAGEREF _Toc392393059 42
3.2.3. Aiaeec auaeaiiuo e?aaeeoia ii i?ioeaioiui noaaeai. GOTOBUTTON
_Toc392393060 PAGEREF _Toc392393060 43
Aeaaa 4. Iaoiaeeea nicaeaiey nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey e?aaeeoaie. GOTOBUTTON
_Toc392393061 PAGEREF _Toc392393061 45
4.1. Oeaeue nicaeaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey e?aaeeoaie.
GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393062 PAGEREF _Toc392393062 45
4.2. Eioi?iaoeeiiiay nenoaia oi?aaeaiey e?aaeeoaie. GOTOBUTTON
_Toc392393063 PAGEREF _Toc392393063 45
4.2.1. Iano?ieea nenoaiu. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393064 PAGEREF
_Toc392393064 45
4.2.2. Oi?ie?iaaiea e aaaeaiea ii?iaoeaii-ni?aai/iie eioi?iaoeee.
GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393065 PAGEREF _Toc392393065 46
4.2.3. Aaaeaiea ea?oioaee. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393066 PAGEREF
_Toc392393066 48
4.2.3.1. Aeiaaaeaiea caiene. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393067 PAGEREF
_Toc392393067 51
4..2.3.2. Nio?aiaiea ea?oi/ee. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393068 PAGEREF
_Toc392393068 51
4.2.4. Iia?aoeee ii e?aaeeoai. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393069 PAGEREF
_Toc392393069 51
4.2.4.1. Aeai?eoi ia/eneaiey i?ioeaioia. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393070
PAGEREF _Toc392393070 52
4.2.4.2. Aeai?eoi iiaaoaiey i?ioeaioia ii auaeaiiiio e?aaeeoo.
GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393071 PAGEREF _Toc392393071 56
4.2.4.3. Aeai?eoi iiaaoaiea e?aaeeoa. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393072
PAGEREF _Toc392393072 58
4.2.4.4. Aeai?eoi ?an/aoa io/eneaiee ia ?aca?a iioaioeeaeueiuo iioa?ue e
oauoeia. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393073 PAGEREF _Toc392393073 59
4.2.4.5. Aeai?eoi eciaiaiey i?ioeaioiie noaaee. GOTOBUTTON
_Toc392393074 PAGEREF _Toc392393074 60
4.2.4.6. Aeai?eoi eciaiaiey iauae noiiu e?aaeeoa. GOTOBUTTON
_Toc392393075 PAGEREF _Toc392393075 61
4.2.5. Io/aou. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393076 PAGEREF _Toc392393076 61
Caeeth/aiea. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393077 PAGEREF _Toc392393077 63
I?eeiaeaiey. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393078 PAGEREF _Toc392393078 64
Aeinna?ee. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393079 PAGEREF _Toc392393079 77
Eniieuecoaiua enoi/ieee. GOTOBUTTON _Toc392393080 PAGEREF
_Toc392393080 78
Aaaaeaiea
N i?eia?aoaieai iacaaeneiinoe, Eu?aucnoai aua?ae iooue ia?aoiaea io
oeaio?aeeciaaiiie ieaiiaie yeiiiieee e ?uii/ii i?eaioe?iaaiiie.
Yeiiiie/aneay o?ainoi?iaoeey, oaeaea eae e iieeoe/aneay, iio?aaiaaea
?acaeoey iiauo i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo no?oeoo? e iiaiai yeiiiie/aneiai
iuoeaiey. Oioy ?aniaae Niaaoneiai Nithca yaeeny iaeiei ec iaaaoeaiuo
oaeoi?ia, iiaeeyaoeo ia yeiiiie/aneia iieiaeaiea no?aiu, iniiaiua
i?e/eiu yeiiiie/aneiai e athaeaeaoiiai e?ecena auee no?oeoo?iiai e
nenoaiiiai oa?aeoa?a. Oeaio?aeeciaaiiay yeiiiieea iieacaea naith
iaaeecianiiniaiinoue a niunea yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey ?ano?nia, a
oii /enea e aeaiaaeiuo, a oaeaea aeinoeaeaiey yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa.
A neeo iauaeoeaiuo ianoiyoaeuenoa ?anioaeeea noieeioeanue n ?yaeii
yeiiiie/aneeo o?oaeiinoae.
I?aaeaea anaai yoi io?aceeinue ia eioeyoeee – o?iaaiue oeai aic?in
i?eia?ii a 350 ?ac. ?ac?ua yeiiiie/aneeo e oi?aiauo naycae n
o?aaeeoeeiiiuie ia?oia?aie, i?ae?auaiea oeiaine?iaaiey aeaoeoeeoa
athaeaeaoa yaeeenue iaeieie ec i?e/ei ?aceiai iaaeaiey o?iaiy
i?iecaiaenoaa e e?ecena nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey. Aue iioa?yi aieueoie
yenii?oiue ?uiie aeey niaoeeaeece?iaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee eu?aucneeo
i?aaei?eyoee. Oeaiu ia eiii?o, a iniaaiiinoe ia oiieeai, iiaenei/eee
iiiaie?aoii.
Yoe iaaaoeaiua i?ioeannu iio?aaiaaee ?ac?aaioee iiauo iiaeoiaeia a
inouanoaeaiee yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoi?i. Naiie na?ueaciie i?iaeaiie noaea
i?iaeaia oeiainiaay.
Iaoaaoea oeiainiauo n?aaenoa iinooiaaoeo ec oeaio?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa,
eioi?ua yaeyeenue iniiaiui enoi/ieeii iinooieaiee a ?anioaeeeaineee
athaeaeao, oooaeoaiea oneiaee oi?aiaee, au?aaeaiiia a iioa?a
o?aaeeoeeiiiuo ?uieia e ?aceia iiauoaiea oeai ia eiii?o, aunieay
eioeyoeey, e iaciaiea caeiiia ?uii/iie yeiiiieee, – ana yoi iaoneiaeei
?aceia iaaeaiea o?iaiy i?iecaiaenoaa. Iii einioeinue aieueoeinoaa
i?iiuoeaiiuo e naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee no?aiu, ieacaaoeony
ia?aae oa?icie iieiiai cae?uoey.
I?aaei?eyoey, a ?acoeueoaoa e?ooaiey i?aaeiae oi?aiaie e ieaoaaeiie
nenoaiu e aei nicaeaiey iiaie, ia eiaee aiciiaeiinoue i?eia?aoaoue
noieue iaiaoiaeeiua aeey iiaeaea?aeaiey naiaai i?iecaiaenoaa caianiuo
/anoae e nu?ueaaua ?ano?nu.
A yoeo oneiaeyo i?aaei?eyoey auioaeaeaiu auee eneaoue iiaua enoi/ieee
oeiaine?iaaiey. ?ai?aaiecaoeey ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee a
aeoeeiia?iua iauanoaa iicaieeei ei i?eaeaeaoue n?aaenoaa eiino?aiiuo
eiaanoi?ia, caeioa?aniaaiiuo eeoe e naieo ?aaioieeia aeey naiae
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Ii i/aiue aeanoeea o?aaiaaiey
oiiaeiaiai ?uiea e eenoeiao i?aaei?eyoee ia aeaao aiciiaeiinoe iiiaei ec
ieo ?aaioaoue ia ?uiea oeaiiuo aoiaa a iieioth iiuiinoue.
Aei iaaeaaiaai a?aiaie oeiaine?iaaiea i?aaei?eyoee i?iecaiaeeeenue
/a?ac auaoea ainoaea?noaaiiua aaiee ii oeaeaaui i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiui
iinoaiiaeaieyi, e ?acoeueoaou yoeo aeaenoaee iaaeyaeii
naeaeaoaeuenoaotho, /oi oaeay i?aeoeea e?aaeeoiaaiey ca/anooth i?eaiaeeo
e oaaee/aieth ia aica?aoa e?aaeeoia. I?e yoii a ioaeaeueiuo aaieao ia
o/eouaaeny oio oaeo, /oi onoaiiaeaiea aunieeo i?ioeaioiuo noaaie ia
e?aaeeou caaaaeiii iiauoaao ?ene eo iaaica?aoa. A nayce n yoei,
iaaica?ao e?aaeeoia i?eiye iaaaeueiue oa?aeoa? e aucaae o aaieia ?aceia
nie?auaiea aeioiaeiinoe ii i?ioeaioai e ?ino ?anoiaeia ii i?ioeaioiui
auieaoai. Yoi a naith i/a?aaeue i?eaaei e oauoi/iinoe aaieia.
A 1994 aiaeo aaiee eiiaaea auaeaaaee e?aaeeou i?e iaaeinoaoi/iinoe
eaieoaea, yoi auei iaoneiaeaii ieioei ninoiyieai eioi?iaoeeiiiiai
iaania/aiey, ec-ca /aai iie /anoi auee ia a ninoiyiee oi/ii ioeaieoue
naia enoeiiia iieiaeaiea e aiciiaeiinoue auaea/e iiaiai e?aaeeoa.
Yoi i?eaaei e iiyaeaieth ia?aaeueiuo aeoeaia o aaieia. I?e yoii aaiee ia
nicaeaaaee ?aca?au aeey eo nienaiey. Aaiee aua ia ia/eiaee i?aeoeeo
oi?ie?iaaiey ?aca?aa ia iie?uoea aiciiaeiuo iioa?ue ii e?aaeeoai a
caaeneiinoe io eo eaaeeoeeaoeee
Nouanoaothuee oeiainiai-e?aaeeoiue naeoi? no?aaeaao io naiaai
no?oeoo?iiai iaeiiia?acey: ana, /oi anoue a Eu?aucnoaia – yoi 15 aaieia,
iaeia ?an/aoii-naa?aaaoaeueiay eiiiaiey, ianeieueei no?aoiauo eiiiaiee
(eioi?ua caieiathony no?aoiaaieai e?aaeeoia e eiouanoaa a iaaieueoeo
?acia?ao, oae eae iie ia eiatho naiaiaeiuo oeiainiauo ?ano?nia) e
eiaanoeoeeiiiua (oi?iaeueii) eiiiaiee, eiiaa?aeu e iaiaiiua ath?i. Iao
ie eiioa/iuo aaieia, ie eeceiaiauo eiiiaiee, ie ae?oaeo oeiainiauo
einoeoooia, i?ecaaiiuo iaeneiaeueii oaeiaeaoai?eoue iio?aaiinoe
yeiiiieee e ianaeaiey.
A aaaonoa 1996 aiaea Iaoeeiiaeueiui Aaieii n niaeaenoaey Aceaoneiai
Aaiea nicaeaiu 3 yenia?eiaioaeueiuo e?aaeeoiuo nithca a A?aaaineii,
Eaaeaiaeaeneii ?aeiiao Ioneie iaeanoe e a. Ea?a-Aaeoa, iie i?ecaaiu
e?aaeeoiaaoue naeueneioicyenoaaiiua i?aaei?eyoey e oa?ia?neea oicyenoaa
– /eaiia e?aaeeoiiai nithca.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy a Eu?aucnoaia a iaueo /a?oao noi?ie?iaaeanue
aeaooo?iaiaaay aaieianeay nenoaia. Ia ia?aii o?iaia – Iaoeeiiaeueiue
aaie Eu?aucneie ?anioaeeee, ia aoi?ii – eiiia?/aneea aaiee.
Oi?ie?iaaiea aaieianeie nenoaiu inouanoaeyeinue eae iooai i?aia?aciaaiey
nouanoaiaaaoeo ainoaea?noaaiiuo aaieia a aeoeeiia?iua, oae e iooai
nicaeaiey iiauo eiiia?/aneeo aaieia. Ia?aoiae ia iiaua oneiaey ?aaiou
iio?aaiaae, eae io noa?uo aaieia, oae e io aiiaue nicaeaiiuo
eiiia?/aneeo aaieia iiauoaiey ia?aciaaoaeueiiai o?iaiy niaoeeaeenoia,
iaiaoiaeeiinoe eco/aiey iiuoa ?aaiou eiiia?/aneeo aaieia ?acaeouo no?ai.
Iiyoiio Iaoeeiiaeueiue aaie i?aaieciaae o/aao n i?eaeaoaieai
niaoeeaeenoia ec aaaeoueo caiaaeiuo no?ai.
Eiiia?/aneea aaiee ia annioeee?iaaiiie iniiaa noaee i?aaieciauaaoue
?aaeiiaeueiua aaieianeea o/aaiua oeaio?u a Aeia-Aoa, Oaoeaioa, aaea
oaeaea i?iaiaeyo naieia?u niaoeeaeenou aaieianeie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Nio/?aaeeoaeyie yoeo o/aaiuo oeaio?ia noaee e iaaeaeoia?iaeiua
oeiainiaua i?aaiecaoeee, oaeea eae Anaie?iue Aaie, Aa?iiaeneee Aaie
?aeiino?oeoeee e ?acaeoey, Annioeeaoeey oo?aoeeeo aaieia e ae?. Yoe ia?u
iicaieeee a ei?ioeee ia?eiae iiaeaioiaeoue niaoeeaeenoia, iao/eoue eo
iniiaai ?aaiou a oneiaeyo eiieo?aioeee. Anoanoaaiii, ia?acaeoinoue
oeiainiaiai ?uiea, iiea aua aunieee o?iaaiue ?enea, ia iicaieyao
eiiia?/aneei aaieai i?aaeinoaaeyoue aanue ia?a/aiue oneoa, o?aaeeoeeiiii
i?eiyouo caiaaeiuie aaieaie.
Oai ia iaiaa, aaieianeay aeayoaeueiinoue a oneiaeyo anaiauaai iaaeaiey
i?iecaiaenoaa ieacaeanue aunieii?eaueueiie. Oae, aeiey i?eauee
iieo/aiiie aaieianeie noa?ie ii ?acoeueoaoai aeayoaeueiinoe anaai
Ia?iaeiiai Oicyenoaa ieacaeanue a 1993 a. – 49.9 %, a 1994 a. – 45.2 %.
Noieue aunieea aeioiaeu noaee i?e/eiie i?eoiea eiino?aiiuo eiaanoeoeee a
aaieianeoth noa?o.
Auee nicaeaiu aaiee n i?eaea/aieai eaieoaea ec Aaeeeia?eoaiee, Aa?iaiee,
Aiieiiaa, Eacaonoaia, ?innee.
Ia/aee ioe?uaaoueny e?aaeeoiua eeiee iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo oeiainiauo
i?aaiecaoeee aeey iiaeaea?aeee /anoiiai i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa. A
/anoiinoe Aa?iiaeneee Aaie ?aeiino?oeoeee e ?acaeoey,
Oeaio?aeueiiaceaoneiai-Aia?eeaineiai oiiaea iiaeaea?aeee
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa. E?aaeeoiua eeiee noaee i?iaiaeeoueny /a?ac
eiiia?/aneea aaiee, eioi?ua iiaeae?aeenue ia oaiaea?iie iniiaa.
O?aaiaaiey i?aaeuyaeyeenue aeanoeea. Yoi oiaea noaei noeioeii aeey
niaa?oainoaiaaiey ?aaiou eiiia?/aneeo aaieia, iiauoaiey eie o?iaiy
eaaeeoeeaoeee naieo ?aaioieeia.
Aeey aeiaaaeaiey o?iaiy ?aaiou eiiia?/aneeo aaieia aei iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo
noaiaea?oia, IAE? noae iinoaiaiii aiaae?youe o?aaiaaiey
Iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai Aacaeueneiai Niaeaoaiey a iaeanoe aaieianeie
aeayoaeueiinoe.
Eoiaii oneeee iai?aaeaiiuo ia niaa?oainoaiaaiea aaieianeie nenoaiu
?anioaeeee noaiiaeoueny oi?ie?iaaiea iaeiie ec ninoaaeythueo oeiainiaiai
?uiea – e?aaeeoiiai ?uiea.
Eiiia?/aneea aaiee yaeythony o/?aaeaeaieyie, aa?oueie ia naay ?ene
?aaiou n oeiainiauie n?aaenoaaie ae?oaeo eeoe. *a?ac naie iaycaoaeuenoaa
ii aeeaaeai, aeaiiceoai e naoe oeeeaeia iie yaeythony ia oieueei
iniiaiuie o?aieoaeyie aeaiaaeiuo iaeiieaiee oeiainiaiai naeoi?a,
ia?ae/iui eaiaeii e?aaeeoa e eiaanoeoeee a yeiiiieeo, ii oaeaea
iia?e?otho iaeaieaa aaaeiie i?iecaiaeiie yeiiiieee – iaoaieciii
ieaoaaeae. Iie ianoo iieioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue ii iaycaoaeuenoaai ia?aae
eeeaioaie e, anoanoaaiii, aaiee iiaoo neiioeaio?e?iaaoue aieueoie ?ene
i?e i?eaea/aiee e ?aciauaiee ?ano?nia. Ii yoie i?e/eia aaieianeay
nenoaia aeanoei ?aaoee?oaony Iaoeeiiaeueiui aaieii. Ii yaeyaony aeaaiui
aaieii, inouanoaeythuei aeaiaaeii-e?aaeeoioth iieeoeeo. Iniiaiuie
caaea/aie eioi?iai yaeythony:
inouanoaeaiea aeaiaaeii-e?aaeeoiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey;
iaania/aiea aeia?iniaanoiie aaieianeie eiieo?aioeee;
iaaeci? ca niaethaeaieai aaieianeiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa;
caueoa eioa?ania aeeaae/eeia e e?aaeeoi?ia;
Iaoeeiiaeueiue aaie, eae iu aeaeei, eiio?iee?oao aeayoaeueiinoue
eiiia?/aneeo aaieia ia oa??eoi?ee Eu?aucneie ?anioaeeee, a i?aaeaeao
naieo iieiiii/ee. Ii eiaao i?aai ecaeaaaoue, e iaycaoaeueiiio
auiieiaieth aaieaie e ae?oaeie th?eaee/aneeie e oece/aneeie eeoeaie,
ii?iaoeaiua aeou, a oaeaea aeaao ?aeiiaiaeaoeee aaieai ii e?aaeeoiie e
i?ioeaioiie iieeoeea. Iaoeeiiaeueiue aaie ?ac?aaioae oeaeue iaeao
aeieoiaioia ii e?aaeeoai, aae?aniaaiiue ?aaioieeai eiiia?/aneeo aaieia e
eiuo e?aaeeoiuo o/?aaeaeaiee, ioaaonoaaiiui ca ?ac?aaioeo, i?aoai?aiea a
aeeciue e ?aaoee?iaaiea e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee. Oae, iai?eia?, eino?oeoeee:
«Ii ?aaioa n e?aaeeoaie», «Ia ia?aie/aieyo e?aaeeoiaaiey», «I
i?iaaaeaiee iia?aoeee n einaeaea?aie», «I i?iaaaeaiee iia?aoeee n
aooeee?iaaiiuie eiiiaieyie», iieiaeaiea «I eeanneoeeaoeee e?aaeeoia e
niioaaonoaothueo io/eneaieyo a ?aca?a ia iie?uoea iioaioeeaeueiuo
e?aaeeoiuo, eeceiaiauo iioa?ue e oauoeia» e ae?.
Aeaaa 1.
Oi?aaeaiea e?aaeeoaie a aaiea.
1.1 No?oeoo?a e?aaeeoiiai ioaeaea e aaiea.
No?oeoo?a aaiea, eiee/anoai ioaeaeia, niaoeeaeecaoeey neoaea, ninoaa
?oeiaiaenoaa, ?ani?aaeaeaiea iieiiii/ee e o.ae. caaenyo io iiiaeo
oaeoi?ia e ii?aaeaeyaony yeiiiie/aneie oeaeaniia?aciinoueth. Oae,
iaaieueoie i?iaeioeeaeueiue aaie eiaao eioth no?oeoo?o, /ai e?oiiue
aaie, iaoiaeyueeny a oeiainiaii oeaio?a, aaie a naeueneii ?aeiia –
eioth, /ai a i?iiuoeaiiii, aaie n ioaeaeaieyie – eioth, /ai aac
ioaeaeaiee. I?e yoii neaaeoao o/anoue, /oi iao aeaoo aaieia n
iaeeiaeiaie no?oeoo?ie: aaiee eciaiytho iaai? ioaeaeia e eiieoaoia,
ninoaa ?oeiaiaeyueo i?aaiia a niioaaonoaee n iaiythueieny oneiaeyie
?aaiou aaiea, iiauie caaea/aie, ?aeiiaiaeaoeeyie yenia?oia ii
iaiaaeaeiaioo e o.ae.
A iauae i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?a aaiea iiaeii auaeaeeo aeaa oeia
ioaeaeia: ioaeaeu, auiieiythuea eeiaeiua ooieoeee, e ioaeaeu,
auiieiythuea ooaaiua ooieoeee.
Eeiaeiua ioaeaeu iaiin?aaenoaaiii caiyou auiieiaieai iia?aoeeiiiie
?aaiou, iai?eia?, i?eiyoeai aeeaaeia, auaea/ae e?aaeeoia, iieoieie
oeaiiuo aoiaa e o.ae. Oa?iei «eeiaeiue» oa?aeoa?ecoao oa?aeoa? naycae
yoeo ioaeaeia n aunoeie yoaeiiaie aaiea. Eeiaeiua ooieoeee
aeaeaae?othony n aunoeo yoaaeae ea?a?oee ia iecoea, /oi nicaeaao
iai?a?uaioth «oeaiue eiiaiae» eee «eeieth» eiiaiae ii aa?oeeaee,
naycuaathuoth iaeei o?iaaiue n ae?oaei.
Ooaaiua ioaeaeu caieiathony ianeoaeeaaieai eeiaeiuo ioaeaeia, ieacuaatho
ei iiiiuue aeey iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe eo aeayoaeueiinoe. I?eia?ii
iiaoo neoaeeo ioaeaeu ieaie?iaaiey, eaae?ia, th?eaee/aneee, noaoenoeee e
o.ae.
Oioy ooaaiua ioaeaeu ia aeieaeiu i?enaaeaaoue naaa oi?aaeai/aneea
ooieoeee ii ioiioaieth e eeiaeiui , iiaeiaiay oco?iaoeey /anoi
i?ienoiaeeo ia i?aeoeea. Anee iiaeiaiua ioiioaiey eiatho ianoi, iie
iiaoo auoue i?e/eiie aioo?aiieo eiioeeeoia, oae eae ?oeiaiaeeoaee
eeiaeiuo e ooaaiuo neoaea iiaoo aeaaaoue i?ioeai?a/eaua oeacaiey e
?aeiiaiaeaoeee ?yaeiaui ?aaioieeai aaiea. Oai?ey iaiaaeaeiaioa
?aeiiaiaeoao /aoei ?aca?aie/eaaoue ooieoeee ioaeaeia ?aciuo oeiia e
anaaaea eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi ooaaiua ioaeaeu iaeaaeatho eeoue i?aaii
ieacuaaoue iiiiuue e aeaaaoue eiinoeueoaoeee. Eae i?aaeei, ooaaiua
ioaeaeu anaaaea auaeaeythony a ioaeaeueiue aeie.
Ecaanoii ianeieueei i?eioeeieaeueiuo noai iino?iaiey aaiea. Eaaeaeay ec
ieo aaeaeaaoia ii?aaeaeaiiiio oeio e?aaeeoiiai ?uiea. Oae, a oneiaeyo
eieaeueiiai ?uiea, ia?aie/aiiiai eiioeiaaioa eeeaioia, ionoonoaey
aeoeaiiai niia?ie/anoaa eiieo?e?othueo o/?aaeaeaiee, ia?acaeoinoe eee
iieiiai ionoonoaey oeeeaeueiie naoe iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaia oae
iacuaaaiay ie?aieaeaeueiay noaia iino?iaiey aaiea. Aeey iaa oa?aeoa?ia
i?aaeaeueiay i?inoioa aa?oeeaeueiuo naycae, i?yiia e iaiin?aaenoaaiiia
iiae/eiaiea ioaeaeia aunoaio ?oeiaiaenoao aaiea (?en. 1.1.)
N oneeaieai niaoeeaeecaoeee ioaeaeueiuo iia?aoeeiiiuo caaiueaa,
ia?aoiaeii io iioiauo iia?aoeee n eca?aiiie eeeaioo?ie e ?icie/iiio
ianeoaeeaaieth ianniaiai eiioeiaaioa iio?aaeoaeae oeiainiauo oneoa,
?anoe?aieai ?aeiia aaieianeie aeayoaeueiinoe iaecaaaeii iaiyaony
i?aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a aaiea. Caeanue aiciiaeii ianeieueei
aa?eaioia. Ana iie, iaeiaei, eiatho oo iauoth /a?oo, /oi ana aieueoa
iieiiii/ee ia?aoiaeeo io oeaio?aeueiuo i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey e
?oeiaiaeeoaeyi aieaa ieceiai ?aiaa, aicieeatho i?iiaaeooi/iua caaiuey
iaaeaeo aunoei ?oeiaiaenoaii aaiea e ieciauie no?oeoo?aie.
Iaeia ec aeueoa?iaoeaiuo noai, iaania/eaathueo nin?aaeioi/aiea ooieoeee
e oneeaiea ?iee ioaeaeaiee aaiea, iineo iacaaiea aaia?aoe/aneie
no?oeoo?u (?en.1.2.)
Aua iaeei aiciiaeiue iiaeoiae e i?aaiecaoeee ?aaiou aaiea ia aieueoie
oa??eoi?ee iineo iacaaiea ooieoeeiiaeueiiai. Caeanue oi?aaeaiea
iia?aoeeyie iniiaaii ia /aoeii ?acaeaeaiee ooieoeee aeeoioeyoeee
?ano?nia e niiniaia eo eniieueciaaiey (?en. 1.3.).
A ?aieao naiae i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u eaaeaeue aaie nicaeaao ioaeae
eee a?oiio ioaeaeia, eioi?ua ioaa/atho ca auaea/o e ioi?ieaiea
e?aaeeoia, aiaeec nnoaeiiai ii?ooaey, eiio?ieue ca oiaeii iiaaoaiey
i?aaeinoaaeaiiuo e?aaeeoia e o.ae. A iaaieueoeo aaieao i?ioeaaeo?a
auaea/e e?aaeeoia i?aaeaeueii oi?iuaia; eaaeaeue e?aaeeoiue einiaeoi?
ianeoaeeaaao ?aciua eaoaai?ee caaiueeia e auiieiyao anth ?aaioo ii
ioeaiea e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe eeeaioa e o.i.
A e?oiiuo aea aaieao iaecaaaeia niaoeeaeecaoeey e aeaeaae?iaaiea
ooieoeee. Ca eaaeaeui e?aaeeoiui einiaeoi?ii cae?aieai ii?aaeaeaiiue
e?oa eeeaioia, iiiaea ooieoeee auiieiythony iniauie iiae?acaeaeaieyie
«iiaeaea?aeee». E yoei ooieoeeyi ioiinyony:
aaaeaiea e?aaeeoiiai a?oeaa (nai? e o?aiaiea aeieoiaioia, naycaiiuo n
auaea/ae e?aaeeoia, ioaaou ia cai?inu eeeaioa, ?oeiaiaenoaa e ae?oaeo
iiae?acaeaeaiee aaiea);
nai? aeaiiuo i e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe (eiioaeou n ae?oaeie oeiainiauie
o/?aaeaeaieyie, eioi?iaoeeiiiuie aaaionoaaie, ?aaioiaeaoaeyie e o.ae.);
aiaeec oeiainiaiai iieiaeaiey eeeaioa (eco/aiea io/aoia, aaeainia,
iiaeaioiaea aiaeeoe/aneeo oaaeeoe, ?an/ao eiyooeoeeaioia);
eiio?ieue ca ea/anoaii e no?oeoo?ie e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey (iineaaeothuay
i?iaa?ea iainiiaaiiinoe oaeiaeaoai?aiey e?aaeeoiuo cayaie; auyaeaiea
iaiaaeaaeiuo nnoae, ?ac?aaioea ia? ii ono?aiaieth e?eoe/aneeo neooaoeee,
a?icyueo iaiiaaoaieai e?aaeeoia; iiaeaioiaea io/aoia i ninoiyiee
e?aaeeoia aeey ?oeiaiaeyueo i?aaiia aaiea);
eiio?ieue ca oiaeii iiaaoaiey e?aaeeoia.
Ia ?en. 1.4 ecia?aaeaia «e?aaeeoiay aa?oeeaeue», eee noaia oi?aaeaiey
e?aaeeoiuie iia?aoeeyie a iaaieueoii aaiea. Iia aeinoaoi/ii i?inoa: aeaa
ioaeaea oi?aaeytho eiiia?/aneeie e iio?aaeoaeueneeie nnoaeaie, i?e/ai a
eo aaaeaiee iaoiaeyony iiae?acaeaeaiey, eiio?iee?othuea ?aaioo
aaieianeeo ioaeaeaiee. Eiathony oaeaea ioaeae eco/aiey
e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe, aaea nin?aaeioi/aiu ana aeaeu oeiainiaiai aiaeeca e
eiio?ieue ca ninoiyieai aeae caaiueeia.
A e?oiiii aaiea (?en. 1.5) i?ienoiaeeo niaoeeaeecaoeey e naaiaioaoeey
ioaeaeueiuo ooieoeee e?aaeeoiaaiey. I?e yoii io?aneaaie i?eioeei
i?aaiecaoeee nnoaeiuo iia?aoeee ni/aoaaony n aaia?aoe/aneei.
Auaeaeythony aeaa e?oiiua «aaoae» e?aaeeoiuo iia?aoeee. Iaeia a?oiia
ioaeaeia, inouanoaeyao auaea/o aeaeiauo e?aaeeoia. Noa?oea ?oeiaiaeeoaee
aaiea aicaeaaeytho ioaeaeu ii e?aaeeoiaaieth i?aaei?eyoee ?acee/iuo
io?aneae, auaea/a aiaoieo e?aaeeoia, e?aaeeoiaaieth eeeaioo?u a
ai?iaeneeo ?aeiiao e iia?aoeee a i?iaeioeee. E?iia oiai, anoue aieueoie
ioaeae e?aaeeoiuo iia?aoeee, auiieiythuee ?aaioo ii aiaeeco oeiainiaiai
iieiaeaiey eeeaioia, iiaeaioiaea anae aeieoiaioaoeee, ioi?ieaieth nnoae
e eiio?ieth ca eo iiaaoaieai. Aoi?ay «aaoaue» i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u
eiio?iee?oao iia?aoeee ii e?aaeeoiaaieth iio?aaeoaeae e oanii naycaia n
?aaioie oeeeaeueiie naoe aaiea. Ia aa?oieo yoaaeao aaieianeie
aaeieieno?aoeee eiaaony e?aaeeoiue eiieoao, ?anniao?eaathuee aeaea i
i?aaeinoaaeaiee e?oiiuo nnoae e ooaa?aeaeathuee ?yaeiaua naeaeee,
eiieoao ii aoaeeoo e iiae?acaeaeaiey , inouanoaeythuea aiaeec
e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey. No?aoaaeth e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee ii?aaeaeyao niaao
aee?aeoi?ia aaiea.
1.2 Aeaeu e iaoiaeu e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee.
Iauaecaanoii, /oi aeaai?acoiiay aaieianeay i?aeoeea ii i?aaeinoaaeaieth
e?aaeeoia aeeth/aao a naay iaiaoiaeeiinoue iaee/ey e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee
aaiea, eioi?ay aeieaeia auoue ioi?ieaia a aeaea aioo?aiieo ii?iaoeaiuo
aeieoiaioia e ooaa?aeaeaia Niaaoii aaiea. A aeaiiuo aeieoiaioao
aeieaeiu auoue io?aaeaiu ana iniiaiua iieiaeaiey eanathueany auaea/e
e?aaeeoia – oeiu e oeaee e?aaeeoia, caaea/e e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee aaiea,
?acaeaeaiea ioaaonoaaiiinoe e iieiiii/ee ?aaioieeia aaiea a iaeanoe
e?aaeeoiaaiey, iieeoeea a ioiioaiee aiaeeca e eeanneoeeaoeee e?aaeeoiiai
ii?ooaey, a oaeaea niioaaonoaothueo io/eneaiee a ?aca?a, ia?u,
i?eieiaaiua a neo/aa aicieeiiaaiey i?iaeaiiuo e?aaeeoia e oae aeaeaa.
Eaaeaeue aaie i?iaiaeeo naith nianoaaiioth iieeoeeo a iaeanoe
e?aaeeoiaaiey, oae eae iie ?aaioatho a ?acee/iuo oneiaeyo. Yoi iiaoo
auoue yeiiiie/aneea, iieeoe/aneea, io?aneaaua e aaia?aoe/aneea oaeoi?u.
Aaieai ianoiyoaeueii ?aeiiaiaeoaony ?ac?aaaouaaoue ananoi?iiiaa
?oeiaiaenoai ii e?aaeeoiie iieeoeea n oai, /oiau iaania/eoue iniiaiua
iai?aaeaiey e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee e ii?aaeaeeoue iaycaiiinoe e iieiiii/ey
anao neoaeaueo aaiea, caiyouo a i?ioeanna i?aaeinoaaeaiey e?aaeeoia
eeeaioai aaiea. Oaeia ?oeiaiaenoai io?aaeaao e?aaeeoioth oeeinioeth e
no?aoaaeth aaiea ii aieueoeinoao aii?inia, naycaiiuo n i?aaeinoaaeaieai
e?aaeeoa.
Ia nouanoaoao ii?aaeaeaiiie , iiaeoiaeyuae anai aaieai oi?iu oaeiai
?oeiaiaenoaa. Eaaeaeue aaie aeieaeai nicaeaoue naia nianoaaiiia
?oeiaiaenoai ii e?aaeeoiie iieeoeea, io?aaeay yeiiiie/aneea,
iieeoe/aneea e aaia?aoe/aneea oneiaey, a eioi?uo ii i?iaiaeeo naith
e?aaeeoioth iieeoeeo.
A ?oeiaiaenoaa iau/ii ?anienuaaaony :
i?aaiii/ey ii e?aaeeoiaaieth e aai iaoiaeu;
oneoae ii nnoaeai i?aaeinoaaeyaiua eeeaioai;
iaoiaeu ioeaiee e aiaeeca i?iaeoa ia e?aaeeo;
ninoaaeaiea e?aaeeoiie aeieoiaioaoeee;
a, oaeaea iaycaiiinoe e?aaeeoiiai neoaeauaai.
I?aaiii/ey ii e?aaeeoiaaieth e aai iaoiaeu. Yoa /anoue ?oeiaiaenoaa ii
e?aaeeoiie iieeoeea iienuaaao nenoaio e i?ioeaaeo?u niaeanii eioi?ui
aaie ia?aaaouaaao e iaeia?yao ?acee/iua aeaeu e?aaeeoiuo oneoa,
i?aaeinoaaeyaiuo eeeaioai. I?aaiii/ey ii e?aaeeoiaaieth ii?aaeaeyaony
eiee/anoaii e o?iaiai e?aaeeoiuo neoaeaueo, /uee iiaeiene iaiaoiaeeiu
aeey ooaa?aeaeaiey ii?aaeaeaiiiai e?aaeeoa. E i?ioeaaeo?ai ioiinyony oa
aeaenoaey, eioi?ua aeieaeiu auoue i?aaei?eiyou eai-oi ii?aaeaeaiiui a
i?ioeanna ooaa?aeaeaiey e?aaeeoa. Nenoaia ooaa?aeaeaiey e?aaeeoa iau/ii
iiiainooiai/aoa. O?iaaiue ia eioi?ii eaaeaeue e?aaeeo aoaeao
ooaa?aeaeaoueny, caaeneo io niaieoiiiai iieiaeaiey eeeaioa e e?aaeeoiiai
?enea. Iai?eia?:
Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia i?aaiii/ea: e?aaeeoiay oneoaa, ia aucuaathuay
aeinoeaeaiey niaieoiiiai o?iaiy e?aaeeoa aieaa 15 000 aeieea?ia, iiaeao
auoue ooaa?aeaeaia iaeiei e?aaeeoiui neoaeauei a ioaeaea i?aaeinoaaeaiey
e?aaeeoia(e?iia e?aaeeoia, caneoaeeaathueo iniaiai aieiaiey).
Aeaieiay iiaeienue: e?aaeeoiay oneoaa, aucuaathuay i?aauoaiea
niaieoiiiai iauaia e?aaeeoa nauoa 15 000 aeieea?ia, ii ia aieaa 100 000
aeieea?ia, e ia aucuaathuay iaiau/iuo e?aaeeoiuo ?eneia, iiaeao auoue
ooaa?aeaeaia aeaoiy iiaeienyie (iai?eia?, e?aaeeoiiai neoaeauaai e aai
ia/aeueieea).
E?aaeeoiue eiieoao: e?aaeeoiay oneoaa, aucuaathuay oaaee/aiea
niaieoiiiai iauaia e?aaeeoa eeeaioo nauoa 100 000 aeieea?ia, aeieaeia
auoue ooaa?aeaeaia aaieianeei e?aaeeoiui eiieoaoii.
Oneoae ii nnoaeai i?aaeinoaaeyaiua eeeaioai. Aaie iiaeao i?iecaiaeeoue
eae ana aeaeu e?aaeeoiaaiey, oae e aua?aoue aeey naay eaeea-eeai
i?ei?eoaoiua aeaeu, niia?acoynue ni naieie aiciiaeiinoyie, aeaeaieyie e
iiuoii.
Iaoiaeu ioeaiee e aiaeeca e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe caaiueea. Aaie iiaeao
eniieueciaaoue ianeieueei iaoiaeia ioeaiee iioaioeeaeueiuo caaiueeia:
oeiainiaua iieacaoaee caaiueea, oeiainiaua iieacaoaee ii io?anee. A
iineaaeiaa a?aiy ?ac?aaaouaathony iaoiaeu ioeaiee n iiiiuueth ?aciiai
?iaea noaoenoe/aneeo iiaeaeae. Auai? iaoiaeia caaeneo io ?acia?a aaiea,
iaeanoe e?aaeeoiaaiey.
Ninoaaeaiea e?aaeeoiie aeieoiaioaoeee. Iiieii yoiai, aaie aeieaeai
aeaoaeueii iaiai?eoue ii?yaeie e?aaeeoiaaiey, io?acea a naieo
aeieoiaioao ana noaaeee, ia/eiay n iiiaioa iiaea/e cayaee ia iieo/aiea
e?aaeeoa. A ii?iaoeaiuo aeieoiaioao aaiea aeieaeiu i?eaiaeeoueny oaeaea
ana aeaeu e oi?iu aioo?aiiae io/aoiinoe, ?ac?aaioaiiua aaieii ii
?aaioa, naycaiiie n e?aaeeoiaaieai. E?iia yoiai, iniaaiii aaaeii
io?aceoue ai aioo?aiieo aeieoiaioao aaiea ana ia?ii?eyoey e i?ioeaaeo?u,
iaania/eaathuea aeieaeiue o?iaaiue iineaaeothuaai eiio?iey ia eaaeaeie
ec ieaeai?eaaaeaiiuo noaaeee ?aaiou n e?aaeeoaie.
Ea?oioaea e?aaeeoiie eioi?iaoeee. Ea?oioaea e?aaeeoiie eioi?iaoeee
yaeyaony ia aeieoiaioii, a aioo?aiiae, o?iiieiae/aneie e anaiauaiethuae
?aaeno?aoeeae anao acaeiiioiioaiee iaaeaeo aaieii e eeeaioii yoiai
aaiea. Niaea?aeaiea ea?oioaee iau/ii auoiaeeo ca ?aiee /enoi e?aaeeoiuo
acaeiiioiioaiee e cao?aaeaaao ?aaeno?aoeeth anao aeaeia aeayoaeueiinoe
iaaeaeo eiio?aaaioaie (e?iia o?anoiauo acaeiiioiioaiee). Anaiauaiethuay
i?e?iaea oaeie ea?oioaee iaiaoiaeeia aeey ii?aaeaeaiey ?aioaaaeueiinoe
eee ?eneiaaiiinoe ninoiyiey anaai eiiieaena acaeiiioiioaiee.
Niaea?aeaiea EEE, iiieii anaai i?i/aai, aeieaeii aeeth/aoue:
eiiee anao ei??aniiiaeaioeee iaaeaeo eeeaioii e aaieii;
ana caiene, iiaeaioiaeaiiua ia?niiaeii aaiea a ea/anoaa aeaoaeueiiai
io/aoa i naieo eiioaeoao n eeeaioii;
eiiee anao ienueiaiiuo e?aaeeoiuo aiaeecia e ooaa?aeaeaiee nnoae,
iiaeaioiaeaiiuo neoaeaueie aaiea, niaea?aeauea iiaeiene ooaa?aeaeaaoeo
nio?oaeieeia e, a neo/aa ioeaca ia i?inueao i nnoaea, i?e/eiu yoiai
ioeaca;
eiiee anao aeiaiai?ia e niaeaoaiee, niaeaoaiee i nnoaeao, ia?aie/aiee
iieo/aiey eiaaethou e anae inoaeueiie aeieoiaioaoeee, ioiinyuaeny e
acaeiiioiioaieyi n eeeaioii;
eiiee aiaeecia i?eaueueiinoe, ioiinyueony e acaeiiioiioaieyi.
1.3 Aeaeu e?aaeeoia.
Aeey oiai, /oiau aiai?eoue ia oi?aaeaiee e?aaeeoaie a aaieao, iaaei
iiiyoue, /oi aea oaeia e?aaeeo e e?aaeeoiue ?uiie.
E?aaeeo – yoi noiia aeaiaa, iieo/aaiay caaiueeii io aaiea eee eiiai
e?aaeeoiiai o/?aaeaeaiey ia oneiaeyo aica?aoiinoe, ieaoiinoe, n?i/iinoe
e eniieuecoaiay ei aeey naieo iio?aaiinoae iaiaa?eaaaiuo a e?aaeeoiii
aeiaiai?a.
?uiie e?aaeeoia – yoi noa?a aeayoaeueiinoe aaieia e ae?oaeo oeiainiauo
einoeoooia, eioi?ua caieiathony auaea/ae e?aaeeoia. E?aaeeou yaeythony
oiaa?ii yoeo i?aaiecaoeee, e eae ethaie oiaa?, ii i?eiineo i?eaueue e
oauoee. Ioaeii neacaoue, /oi e?aaeeoiua iia?aoeee yaeythony iaeieie ec
iniiaiiieaaathueo a aeayoaeueiinoe aaiea, e inoathony naiuie aeioiaeiuie
noaoueyie aaieianeiai aeciana, eo cia/aiea a iaania/aiee aeioiaeiinoe
o?oaeii ia?aioeaieoue.
A NOA, iai?eia?, a 1990 a. a aeaea i?ioeaioia ii nnoaeai eiiia?/aneea
aaiee iieo/eee 237 ie?ae. aeieea?ia, /oi ninoaaeyao 75% anao i?ioeaioia
aeioiaeia e 63,6% aaeiauo aeioiaeia.
A oi aea a?aiy n ea/anoaii e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey naycaiu iniiaiua ?enee,
eioi?ui iiaeaa?aaaony aaie a i?ioeanna iia?aoeeiiiie aeayoaeueiinoe –
?ene eeeaeaeiinoe (ianiiniaiinoue aaiea iiaaneoue iaycaoaeuenoaa ia?aae
aeeaae/eeaie), e?aaeeoiue ?ene (iaiiaaoaiea caaiueeii iniiaiiai aeieaa e
i?ioeaioia ii e?aaeeoo, ?ene i?ioeaioiuo noaaie e o.ae.). Ieioie
iiaeoiae e aiaeeco oneiaee auaea/e e?aaeeoa, ionoonoaea eiio?iey ca
oeiainiaui ninoiyieai caaiueea aaaeao e oauoeai aaiea.
Eiiia?/aneea aaiee i?aaeinoaaeytho naiei eeeaioai ?aciiia?aciua aeaeu
e?aaeeoia, eioi?ua iiaeii ?acaeoue ii eaoaai?eyi.
I?aaeaea anaai ii iniiaiui a?oiiai caaiueeia:
e?aaeeo oicyenoao;
e?aaeeo ianaeaieth;
e?aaeeo ainoaea?noaaiiui i?aaiai aeanoe.
Ii iacia/aieth (iai?aaeaieth) ?acee/atho e?aaeeo:
iio?aaeoaeueneee;
i?iiuoeaiiue;
oi?aiaue;
naeueneioicyenoaaiiue;
eiaanoeoeeiiiue;
athaeaeaoiue.
A caaeneiinoe io noa?u ooieoeeiie?iaaiey aaieianeea e?aaeeou
i?aaeinoaaeyaiua i?aaei?eyoeyi anao io?aneae oicyenoaa(o.a.
oicyenoaothuei noauaeoai), iiaoo auoue aeaoo aeaeia:
e?aaeeoiaaiea iniiaiuo n?aaenoa (o/anoaothuea a ?anoe?aiiii
aini?iecaiaenoaa iniiaiuo oiiaeia);
e?aaeeoiaaiea oaeoueo aeoeaia (o/anoaothuea a i?aaiecaoeee iai?ioiuo
oiiaeia),
eioi?ua iiaoo iai?aaeyoueny a:
noa?o i?iecaiaenoaa;
noa?o ia?auaiey.
Ii n?ieai iieueciaaiey e?aaeeou auaatho:
aei aino?aaiaaiey ;
n?i/iua (ni n?ieii).
Iineaaeiea a naith i/a?aaeue iiae?acaeaeythony ia:
e?aoein?i/iua (aei 1 aiaea);
n?aaeian?i/iua (io 1 aei 5 eao);
aeieain?i/iua (nauoa 5 eao).
Eae i?aaeei, e?aaeeou, oi?ie?othuea iai?ioiua oiiaeu, yaeythony
e?aoein?i/iuie, a nnoaeu, o/anoaothuea a ?anoe?aiiii aini?iecaiaenoaa
iniiaiuo oiiaeia, ioiinyony e n?aaeian?i/iui e aeieain?i/iui e?aaeeoai.
Ii ?acia?ai e?aaeeou ?acee/atho e?aaeeou:
e?oiiua;
n?aaeiea;
iaeeea.
Ii iaania/aieth:
iaiaania/aiiua (aeaieiaua);
iaania/aiiua
caeiaiaua;
aa?aioe?iaaiiua;
cano?aoiaaiiua.
Ii niiniao auaea/e aaieianeea nnoaeu iiaeii ?aca?aie/eoue ia nnoaeu
eiiiainaoeeiiiua e ieaoaaeiua.
A ia?aii neo/aa, e?aaeeo iai?aaeyaony ia ?an/aoiue n/ao caaiueea aeey
aiciauaiey iineaaeiaio aai nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa, aeiaeaiiuo eeai a
oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiua oeaiiinoe, eeai a cao?aou.
Ai aoi?ii neo/aa, aaieianeay nnoaea iai?aaeyaony iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia
iieaoo ?an/aoii-aeaiaaeiuo aeieoiaioia, i?aaeuyaeaiiuo caaiueeo e iieaoa
ii e?aaeeooaiui ia?ii?eyoeyi.
Ii iaoiaeai aaoaiey ?acee/atho aaieianeea nnoaeu, iiaaoaaiua a ?ann?i/eo
(/anoyie, aeieyie), e nnoaeu iiaaoaaiua aaeeiia?aiaiii (ia iaeio
ii?aaeaeaiioth aeaoo).
Aaieianeea nenoaiu a ?acee/iuo no?aiao eiatho ?aciua aeaeu e?aaeeoia,
eiiaaea n oieeaeueiuie n?ieaie e oneiaeyie. A iniiaiii, iaeiaei,
no?oeoo?a e?aaeeoia, aeeth/ay o?aaiaaiey ii ianeoaeeaaieth aeieaa –
/anoioo e n?iee ieaoaaeae ii i?ioeaioai e iiaaneoaeueiuo –
onoaiaaeeaaaony aacaea iaeeiaeiai. O aaiea eiaaony «ei?ceia» aeaeia
e?aaeeoa ec eioi?uo eeeaio iiaeao auae?aoue a i?aaeaeao
e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe e n iaeia?aiey nio?oaeieea aaiea ii e?aaeeoai.
«Ei?ceia i?iaeoeoia» ?acee/iuo aeaeia e?aaeeoia ia n/eoaaony iaeciaiiie
a oa/aiee ia?eiaea a?aiaie, ii ?acaeaaaony oae aea, eae e aeeaie
i?aaieci: iia i?eniinaaeeaaaony e eciaiaieyi a e?aaeeoiuo iio?aaiinoyo,
yeiiiie/aneeo oneiaeyo, e a iauai oeiainiaii ie?oaeaiea. Eciaiaiea
i?aaeeiaeaiey e?aaeeoia iiaeao auoue aucaaii aeeiaie/aneie no?oeoo?ie
eiieo?aioeee aucaaiiie eae aioo?aiieie oae e aiaoieie enoi/ieeaie. N
yoei naycaii iinoaiaiiia niaa?oainoaiaaiea oeiainiauo ?uieia, iniaaiii a
?acaeaathueony no?aiao.
E?aaeeoiua oneoae, eae auei ia?a/eneaii a ia/aea aeaau, iiaeii ii
?aciiio eeanneoeoee?iaaoue. Iie, eae auei oaea oeacaii, iiaoo auoue
?acaeou ia neaaeothuea 2 a?oiiu ii noa?ai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey:
E?aaeeoiaaiea oaeoueo aeoeaia:
Naciiiua e?aaeeou, iai?eia?, e?aoein?i/iua e?aaeeou oa?iai iiae naiaia,
oaeia?aiey , ianoeoeeaeu e o.ae.; e?aaeeou oo?enoe/aneiio naeoi?o
(eaoiee, ceiiee nii?o). E?aaeeou a iniiaiii e?aoein?i/iua n iaeiei
ieaoaaeii ni niaoeeaeueiui n?ieii 30-180 aeiae. *oiau iieacaoue
naciiiinoue aeaiiiai e?aaeeoa , caaiuee iau/ii aeieaeai aicaea?aeaoueny
io naciiiiai e?aaeeoa a oa/aiea ii?aaeaeaiiiai ia?eiaea a?aiaie,
iai?eia?, 30 aeiae, ii e?aeiae ia?a, ?ac a aiae.
Eiiaaea iio?aaiinoe a e?aaeeoa eciaiythony a oa/aiee aiaea a caaeneiinoe
io aeeeoaeueiinoe i?iaeoa (iai?eia?, e?aaeeou iiae no?ieoaeuenoai). Yoi
iiaeao oeiaine?iaaoueny ?aaieueaa?iie e?aaeeoiie eeieae, n
ia?eiaee/aneeie ieaoaaeaie, ii e?aaeeo ia iiaaoathony, iiea i?iaeo ia
caaa?oai, a yoi a?aiy e?aaeeoiay eeiey iiaeao auoue i?aa?auaia a
aeieain?i/ioth caaeieaeaiiinoue n iiaaoaieai ianeieueeeie ieaoaaeaie.
Aee?aaeeoea «noaiae-aae» ia anaaaea ia?aie/eaaaony e?aaeeoiaaieai
oaeoueo aeoeaia, ii iau/ii eiaao e?aoein?i/iue oa?aeoa? e i?aaenoaaeyao
niaie iaycaoaeuenoai aaiea caieaoeoue o?aoueae noi?iia ii ii?o/aieth
eeeaioa. Iau/ii aeaenoaoao a oa/aiee iaeiiai aiaea.
E?aaeeoiaaiea iniiaiuo n?aaenoa. Yoi iau/ii e?aaeeou ia n?ie aieaa
aiaea, /oi io?aaeaao iaeeaeaiey i ia?eiaea eniieueciaaiey aeoeaia.
N?i/iua e?aaeeou – i?aaenoaaeytho niaie oe?ieoth eaoaai?eth e?aaeeoia
iiae iauaeou, ioee/iua io e?aaeeoiaaiey iaaeaeaeeiinoe, a oaeaea
ioaeaeueii noiyueo i?iaeoia, oaeeo, eae ?ac?aaioea e yenieoaoaoeey
i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia (ianoi?iaeaeaiee, iaooyiuo e aaciauo neaaaeei e
o.ae.).oneiaey iiaaoaiey iau/ii aeeth/atho ia?eiaee/aneea ieaoaaee,
naycaiiua n i?aaeiieaaaaiui aeaiaaeiui iioieai eeeaioa e iieiay auieaoa
iaeeaeaaony ia iicaeiaa enoa/aiey n?iea eniieueciaaiey aeoeaa. Aeoeau
/anoi eniieuecothony eae aa?aioey e?aaeeoa.
No?ieoaeueiua e?aaeeou, i?aaeinoaaeaiiua aeey oeiaine?iaaiey
no?ieoaeuenoaa eiiia?/aneeo, i?iiuoeaiiuo eee aeeeeuiuo iauaeoia, /anoi
eiatho oi?io ?aaieueaa?iuo iaycaoaeuenoa, iicaieythueo caaiueeo
onoaiiaeoue a?aiy e noiiu eniieueciaaiey e?aaeeoa. Iiaaoaiea iiaeao
auoue a ?acee/iuo aa?eaioao, a caaeneiinoe io iaeeaeaaiiai iioiea
ieaoaaeae.
E?aaeeou iiae iaaeaeaeeiinoue i?aaeinoaaeythony aeaia?oaiaioii
iaaeaeaeeiinoe aaiea aeey oeiaine?iaaiey nouanoaothuae eiiia?/aneie eee
aeeeeuiie iaaeaeaeeiinoe ia iniiaa iaania/aiey.
Aunieiniaoeeaeece?iaaiiay oi?ia e?aaeeoiaaiey iau/ii o?aaothuay iaee/ey
noaaeeueiiai, aeieain?i/iiai i?eaea/aiey oiiaeia, iiyoiio anoue ia ai
anao eiiia?/aneeo aaieao.
I?iaeoiua e?aaeeou oaeaea yaeythony aunieiniaoeeaeece?iaaiiuie
e?aaeeoaie, /anoi o?aaothueie cia/eoaeueiuo ciaiee nio?oaeieea eee o
iaiyouo eiinoeueoaioia. *anoi oeiaine?oaony ia «eneeth/eoaeueiie»
iniiaa: ea/anoai yoeo e?aaeeoia a cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie iniiaaii ia
i?iaiicao iioieia ieaoaaeae, iieo/aiiuo io caaa?oaiiiai i?iaeoa.
I?eia?u: oeiaine?iaaiea ?ac?aaioee ianoi?iaeaeaiee iaoaeeia e oaey,
iaooyiuo e aaciauo neaaaeei, yeaeo?inoaioeee e o.ae. Niia?aaeaiey
i?eieiaaiua i?e e?aaeeoiaaiee: oaoie/aneay ?aiooaoeey caaiueea, ea/anoai
?ac?aaioee i?iaeoa e nenoaiu ia?eaoeiaa. Aeinooiiinoue aa?aioee e o.ae.
I?iaeoiua e?aaeeou /anoi i?aaiecothony oaeaea, eae e no?ieoaeueiua
e?aaeeou.
Eeceiaiaia oeiaine?iaaiea – aunieiniaoeeaeece?iaaiiay oi?ia
e?aaeeoiaaiey, /anoi ni cia/eoaeueiuie iineaaenoaeyie aeey eeeaeaeiinoe
e iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey a?aiaeaoi?a. Eeceiaiaia oeiaine?iaaiea ioiineony a
iniiaiii e n?aaeia e aeieain?i/iui aeoeaai, iai?eia?, aaoiiiaeeyi e
a?ociaeeai, iaoeiai e iai?oaeiaaieth, aeaeaciiaei?iaeiiio ninoaao,
naiieaoai , ei?aaeyi e o.ae. i?e eeceiaiaii oeiaine?iaaiee
a?aiaeiaeaoaeue – a aeaiiii neo/aa aaie, ii /anoi iaaaieianeee
oeiainiaue iin?aaeiee, yaeyaony caeiiiui oicyeiii aeoeaa, a?aiaeoaiiai
eeeaioii. A caaeneiinoe io aeaea a?aiaeu, o a?aiaeaoi?a iiaeao auoue
i?aai a eiioea n?iea aeaenoaey niaeaoaiey i?eia?anoe aeaiiue aeoea.
TH?eaee/aneea aii?inu eiatho aunieia cia/aiea. Aeieoiaioaoeey
ioi?ieyaony a aeaea n?aaeia- eee aeieain?i/iiai a?aiaeiiai niaeaoaiey,
o?aaothuaai aaeaeaa?oaeueiuo eee aaeaiany/iuo ieaoaaeae.
Eiiia?/aneea aaiee ii naiae i?e?iaea yaeythony e?aoein?i/iuie
e?aaeeoi?aie. I?e/eiie yoiai yaeyaony oi, /oi iie ia?aie/aiu a
oi?ie?iaaiee ei?ceiu i?iaeoeoia enoi/ieeaie oeiaine?iaaiey, eioi?ua
i?aaenoaaeytho niaie cia/eoaeueiua e?aoein?i/iua aeaiiceou n aunieie
noaiaiueth eeeaeaeiinoe e, neaaeiaaoaeueii n iaii?aaeaeaiiie
aeinooiiinoueth a aoaeouai (e iaii?aaeaeaiiie oeaiie). Aeey ia?aie/aiey
?enea a ii?aaeaeaiiuo i?aaeaeao, aaieo i?eoiaeeony neiioeaio?e?iaaoueny
ia e?aoein?i/iuo e?aaeeoao. Caiaaeiua aaiee iao/eeenue aeiaieueii
oniaoii – eiiaaea ca aieueooth oeaio eee aeaaea eniieuecoy a?aiaeo –
i?aiaeieaaaoue yoe ia?aie/aiey, eeai ?anoe?yy enoi/ieee oeiaine?iaaiey,
eeai i?eaeaaay aeieain?i/iui e?aaeeoai oa?aeoa?enoeee e?aoein?i/iuo.
1.4 Aeaeu e?aaeeoiuo ?eneia.
Eiioeaioeey ?enea, eae e aai nouanoaiaaiea, noa?a eae ie?. ?ene
anai?iieeathu, ii ie?oaeaao ian aeaiue e ii/ue; ii yaeyaony neiaeiie
ia?ac?aoeiie, ia?iaiaioiie e iaecaaaeiie /anoueth iaoae aeecie. *aeiaae
io i?e?iaeu no?aieoueny ecaaaaoue ?enea. Anee iu ia iiaeai
eiio?iee?iaaoue ?ene, oi iau/ii i?aaeii/eoaai ecaaaeaoue aai. I?e/eia:
iaoaa?aiiinoue /anoi aaaeao e ?aciiai ?iaea iioa?yi.
Auioaeaeaiiua i?eciaoue iaee/ea ?enea a iaoae aeecie, iu aeaeaai naanoe
e ieieioio noaiaiue ?enea, eioi?iio iu iiaeaa?aeaiu a ?acoeueoaoa iaoeo
aeaenoaee. Oaeaea, iu oioei eiaoue aiciiaeiinoue auai?a iaeiaiaa
?eneiaaiiie ec aeaoo e aieaa aeueoa?iaoea. Eee iu oioei niioianoe ?ene
eaeiai-eeai niauoey eee ?eneiaaiiinoue i?aaei?eyoey n aiciiaeiuie
auaiaeaie, o.a. iu oioei aua?aoue iioeiaeueiia niioiioaiea ?enea e
auaiaeu eaeiai-eeai i?aaei?eyoey.
Oeiainiaue ?ene ioaaouaaao iaoe?ioth iaeanoue ?enea, naycaiiiai n
i?eiyoeai oeiainiauo ?aoaiee. Eae oaeiaie ii aeeth/aao eiioeaioeeth
e?aaeeoiiai ?enea, oaeaea eae e ae?oaea aeaeu ?enea. Iie aeeth/atho a
naay i?ioeaioiua ?enee, io?aneaaua ?enee, no?aiiaua ?enee, aaethoiua
?enee e o.ae. Yoe ?acee/iua eaoaai?ee ?eneia yaeythony /?acau/aeii
acaeiinaycaiiuie, e eciaiaiey a iaeiii ec ieo aucuaatho eciaiaiey a
ae?oaii eee ae?oaeo ?eneao.
E?aaeeoiue ?ene eee ?ene iaaica?aoa aeieaa iiaeao auoue ii?aaeaeai eae
iaoaa?aiiinoue e?aaeeoi?a a oii, /oi aeieaeiee aoaeao a ninoiyiee e
aoaeao iaia?aaaoueny auiieieoue naie iaycaoaeuenoaa a niioaaonoaee ni
n?ieaie e oneiaeyie e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey.
Yoi ninoiyiea iiaeao auoue aucaaii:
ianiiniaiinoueth aeieaeieea nicaeaoue aaeaeaaoiue aoaeouee aeaiaaeiue
iioie a nayce n iai?aaeaeaeaiiuie iaaeaaii?eyoiuie eciaiaieyie a
aeaeiaii, yeiiiie/aneii e(eee) iieeoe/aneii ie?oaeaiee, a eioi?ii
iia?e?oao caaiuee;
iaoaa?aiiinoueth a aoaeouae noieiinoe e ea/anoaa (eeeaeaeiinoe e
aiciiaeiinoe i?iaeaaee ia ?uiea) caeiaa iiae e?aaeeo;
o?aueiaie a aeaeiaie ?aiooaoeee caaiueea.
Oe?iu ia ooieoeeiie?otho iieiinoueth iacaaeneii eee a aaeooia. Eo
aeayoaeueiinoue ia yaeyaony oeaeeeii ?acoeueoaoii eo nianoaaiiuo
aiciiaeiinoae oi?aaeaiey, a ii?aaeaeyaony ?yaeii aiaoieo oaeoi?ia
(yeiiiie/aneeo, iieeoe/aneeo, nioeeaeueiuo e o.ae.). Aeey oiai, /oiau
ioaeaeeoue ?enee, naycaiiua eneeth/eoaeueii n oi?aaeaieai caaiueea, io
aiaoieo oaeoi?ia, ii?aaeaeythony yeaiaiou ?enea, iniai naycaiiua n
io?aneueth caaiueea. Ciaiea e iiieiaiea io?aneaauo ?eneia cia/eoaeueii
iiiiaaao iai a ioeaiea ?enea, naycaiiiai n eiaeeaeaeoaeueiui caaiueeii.
Io?aneaaie ?ene iai?yioth naycai ni noaiaiueth eciai/eainoe a
aeayoaeueiinoe io?anee a yeiiiie/aneii e oeiainiaii ieaia, a aaniethoiii
niunea e ii n?aaiaieth n ae?oaeie io?aneyie. *ai aieueoa eciai/eainoue
io?anee, oai aieueoa noaiaiue ?enea. Aii?inu, eioi?ua ioaeii o/eouaaoue,
aeeth/atho:
Aeayoaeueiinoue aeueoa?iaoeaiuo io?aneae ca aeaiiue ia?eiae a?aiaie.
Eiathony ee cia/eoaeueiua ?anoiaeaeaiey iaaeaeo io?aneyie e eaeea
iieacuaatho iaeiaiueoaa e iaeaieueoaa ioeeiiaiea?
I?iaeieaeatho ee oniaoii aeaenoaiaaoue io?anee, oi?ioi aeaenoaiaaaoea a
i?ioeii – ii n?aaiaieth n yeiiiieeie a oeaeii.
Nouanoaoao ee iinoiyinoai ?acoeueoaoia aioo?e io?anee? Ae?oaeie neiaaie,
aeiaeaaeenue ee oe?iu a iaeiie io?anee iaeeiaeiauo ?acoeueoaoia ca iaeei
e oio aea ia?eiae a?aiaie eee eiaaony oe?ieia ?anoiaeaeaiea a
?acoeueoaoao?
Aioo?eio?aneaaay n?aaea eiieo?aioeee yaeyaony aeiiieieoaeueiui
enoi/ieeii eioi?iaoeee i neea e aeecianiiniaiinoe oe?i a aeaiiie io?anee
ii ioiioaieth e oe?iai a ae?oaeo io?aneyo e yaeyaony, neaaeiaaoaeueii,
iieacaoaeai ?enea. Oa?aeoa?enoeee aeaiiie n?aaeu aeeth/atho:
noaiaiue iaeanoi/aiiinoe oeaiiaie e iaoeaiiaie eiieo?aioeee;
eaaeinoue eee neiaeiinoue aoiaeaeaiey a io?aneue(a eiiaaea e auoiaea);
nouanoaiaaiea eee iaoaaoea aeeceeo e eiieo?aioiniiniaiuo ii oeaia
caiaieoaeae;
?uii/iay neea iieoiaoaeae;
?uii/iay iiuue iinoaaueeia;
iieeoe/aneia e nioeeaeueiia ie?oaeaiea.
I?ioeaioiue ?ene, eae e ana ae?oaea aeaeu ?enea, iaoneiaeai
iaii?aaeaeaiiinoueth. A aeaiiii neo/aa iaii?aaeaeaiiinoue naycaia n
aoaeouei iai?aaeaieai aeaeaeaiey e o?iaiai i?ioeaioiuo noaaie.
I?ioeaioiue ?ene eae oaeiaie cao?aaeaaao e e?aaeeoi?ia e aeaaeoi?ia.
I?ioeaioiui ?eneii eae, e ae?oaeie aeaeaie ?enea, iiaeii oi?aaeyoue, eee
ieieiece?iaaoue aai. Yoi iiaoo aeaeaoue eae aeieaeieee, oae e
e?aaeeoi?u, oi anoue iieueciaaoaee e?aaeeoa e eeoea aai
i?aaeinoaaeythuea. I?ioeaioiue ?ene iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue eae
eciai/eainoue aeioiaeia eee oeai oeiainiauo aeoeaia, eioi?ay aucaaia
eciaiaieai o?iaiy i?ioeaioiuo noaaie. Aeey eiiia?/aneeo aaieia,
aieueoeinoai aeoeaia eioi?uo nouanoaoao a oi?ia nnoae, ii?aaeaeaiea
iiaeao auoue eciaiaii. I?ioeaioiue ?ene – yoi ?ene oiai, /oi n?aaeiyy
noieiinoue i?eaea/aiiuo n?aaenoa aaiea, oi anoue aeaiiceoia e acyouo
acaeiu aeaiaa, naycaiiay n i?aaeinoaaeaieai e?aaeeoa, iiaeao iaiaiaoue a
oa/aiee n?iea aeaenoaey e?aaeeoa n?aaeithth i?ioeaioioth noaaeo ii
e?aaeeoai.
Iiaeao ee aaie iieiinoueth iaeo?aeeciaaoue i?ioeaioiue ?ene a naiae
aeayoaeueiinoe ii i?aaeinoaaeaieth e?aaeeoia? Oai?aoe/anee, aea, anee
eciaiaiey a aeioiaeao io aeoeaia iiaeii iieiinoueth naaeaine?iaaoue, eae
ii n?ieai, oae e ii ?acia?o, n eciaiaieyie a ecaea?aeeao i?eaea/aiey
oiiaeia. A aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, iaeiaei, iaaiciiaeii aaeaine?iaaoue ana
e?aaeeou a ethaia a?aiy, e aaiee iiaoo auoue ia anaaaea
caeioa?aniaaiiuie a i?iaaaeaiee oaeie iieeoeee. Ei?i/a aiai?y aaiee
iinoiyiii iiaeaa?aathony i?ioeaioiiio ?eneo.
1.5 Yoaiu i?ioiaeaeaiey e?aaeeoa.
I?ioeann e?aaeeoiaaiey iiaeii ?acaeaeeo ia ianeieueei yoaiia, eaaeaeue
ec eioi?uo aiineo naie aeeaae a ea/anoaaiiua oa?aeoa?enoeee e?aaeeoa e
ii?aaeaeyao noaiaiue aai iaaeaaeiinoe e i?eaueueiinoe aeey aaiea.
1.5.1 ?anniio?aiea cayaee ia iieo/aiea e?aaeeoa.
Eeeaio, ia?auathueeny a aaie ca iieo/aieai e?aaeeoa, aeieaeai
i?aaenoaaeoue cayaeo, aaea niaea?aeaony enoiaeiua naaaeaiey i o?aaoaiie
nnoaea: oeaeue, ?acia? e?aaeeoa, aeae e n?ie nnoaeu, i?aaeiieaaaaiia
iaania/aiea. E cayaea aeieaeiu auoue i?eeiaeaiu aeieoiaiou e oeiainiaua
io/aou, neoaeauea iainiiaaieai i?inueau i i?aaeinoaaeaiee nnoaeu e
iauyniythuea i?e/eiu ia?auaiey a aaie. Yoe aeieoiaiou – iaiaoiaeeiay
/anoue cayaee. Eo ouaoaeueiue aiaeec i?iaiaeeony ia iineaaeothueo
yoaiao, iinea oiai eae i?aaenoaaeoaeue aaiea i?iaaaeao i?aaeaa?eoaeueiia
eioa?aueth n cayaeoaeai e naeaeaao auaiae i ia?niaeoeaiinoe naeaeee.
A ninoaa iaeaoa nii?iaiaeeoaeueiuo aeieoiaioia, i?aaenoaaeyaiuo a aaie
aianoa n cayaeie, aoiaeyo neaaeothuea.
Oeiainiaue io/ao, aeeth/athuee aaeain aaiea e n/ao i?eaueae e oauoeia ca
iineaaeiea 3 aiaea. Aaeain ninoaaeyaony ia aeaoo (eiiaoe aiaea) e
iieacuaaao no?oeoo?o aeoeaia, iaycaoaeuenoa e eaieoaea eiiiaiee. Io/ao i
i?eaueyo e oauoeao ioaaouaaao aiaee/iue ia?eiae e aeaao iiae?iaiua
naaaeaiey i aeioiaeao e ?anoiaeao eiiiaiee, /enoie i?eauee,
?ani?aaeaeaiee aa (io/eneaiey a ?aca?au, auieaoa aeeaeaeaiaeia e o.ae.).
Io/ao i aeaeaeaiee eanniauo iinooieaiee (cash flow statement) iniiaai ia
niiinoaaeaiee aaeainia eiiiaiee ia aeaa aeaou e iicaieyao ii?aaeaeeoue
eciaiaiey ?acee/iuo noaoae e aeaeaeaiea oiiaeia. Io/ao aeaao ea?oeio
eniieueciaaiey ?ano?nia, a?aiaie aunaiaiaeaeaiey oiiaeia e ia?aciaaiea
aeaoeoeeoa eanniauo iinooieaiee e o.ae.
Aioo?aiiea oeiainiaua io/aou oa?aeoa?ecotho aieaa aeaoaeueii oeiainiaia
iieiaeaiea eiiiaiee, eciaiaiea aa iio?aaiinoe a ?ano?nao a oa/aiee aiaea
(iieaa?oaeueii, iiiany/ii) .
Aioo?aiiea oi?aaeai/aneea io/aou. Ninoaaeaiea aaeaina o?aaoao iiiai
a?aiaie. Aaieo iiaoo iio?aaiaaoueny aeaiiua iia?aoeaiiai o/aoa, eioi?ua
niaea?aeaoueny a caieneao e io/aoao, iiaeaioiaeaiiuo aeey ?oeiaiaenoa
eiiiaiee. Yoe aeieoiaiou eanathony iia?aoeee e eiaanoeoeee, eciaiaiey
e?aaeeoi?neie e aeaaeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe, i?iaeaae, aaee/eiu caiania
e o.ae.
I?iaiic oeiaine?iaaiey. I?iaiic niaea?aeeo ioeaiee aoaeoueo i?iaeaae,
?anoiaeia, ecaea?aeae ia i?iecaiaenoai i?iaeoeoeee, aeaaeoi?neie
caaeieaeaiiinoe, iai?a/eaaaiinoe caiania, iio?aaiinoe a aeaiaaeiie
iaee/iinoe, eaieoaeiaeiaeaieyo e o.ae. Anoue aeaa aeaea i?iaiica:
ioeaii/iue aaeain e eanniaue athaeaeao. Ia?aue aeeth/aao i?iaiiciue
aa?eaio aaeainiauo n/aoia e n/ao i?eaueae e oauoeia ia aoaeouee ia?eiae,
aoi?ie i?iaiice?oao iinooieaiea e ?anoiaeiaaiea aeaiaaeiie iaee/iinoe
(ii iaaeaeyi, ianyoeai, eaa?oaeai).
Iaeiaiaua aeaeea?aoeee. Yoi aaaeiue enoi/iee aeiiieieoaeueiie
eioi?iaoeee. Oai iiaoo niaea?aeaoueny naaaeaiey, ia aeeth/aiiua a
ae?oaea aeieoiaiou. E?iia oiai, iie iiaoo oa?aeoa?eciaaoue caaiueea,
anee aoaeao iaia?oaeaii, /oi ii oeeiiyaony io oieaou iaeiaia n /anoe
i?eauee.
Aecian-ieaiu. Iiiaea e?aaeeoiua cayaee naycaiu n oeiaine?iaaieai
ia/eiathueo i?aaei?eyoee, eioi?ua aua ia eiatho oeiainiauo io/aoia e
ae?oaie aeieoiaioaoeee. A yoii neo/aa i?aaenoaaeyaony iiae?iaiue
aecian-ieai, eioi?ue aeieaeai niaea?aeaoue naaaeaiey i oeaeyo i?iaeoa,
iaoiaeao aaaeaiey iia?aoeee e o.ae. A /anoiinoe, aeieoiaio aeieaeai
aeeth/aoue:
Aecian-ieai aeieaeai auoue ?acoeueoaoii i?ioeanna no?aoaae/aneiai
ieaie?iaaiey. Ii noaiiaeony iooaaiaeeoaeai, eioi?ui aeieaeia
?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny eiiiaiey aeey oiai, /oiau aeinoe/ue naie oeaee. Ii
ia aeieaeai auoue aeieoiaioii, eioi?ue ii caaa?oaiee ioeeaaeuaaaony a
noi?iio aei neaaeothuaai aiaea. Oi?aaeythuea aeieaeiu iinoiyiii aiineoue
?acoeueoaou naiae ?aaiou a ieai e aeaeaoue iaiaoiaeeiua eni?aaeaiey ii
iaiaoiaeeiinoe aeey oiai, /oiau inouanoaeoue naie caaea/e, eae
aeieain?i/iua, oae e e?aoein?i/iua.
?aai/aa ?acthia – yoi iaeaieaa aaaeiay /anoue ieaia, iioiio /oi a iae
iienuaaaony oicyenoaaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue, oi?aaeaiea ath, eeth/aaua
oeiainiaua i?iaiicu e, naiia aaaeiia, o?aaoaiia oeiaine?iaaiea. Aeey
aaiee?a aaaeii ociaoue ec ?aai/aai ?acthia, iiaeoiaeyo ee oeaee
i?aaei?eyoey no?aoaae/aneei oeaeyi aaiea, aa i?ei?eoaoiui iaeanoyi
e?aaeeoiaaiey ia yoio ia?eiae.
Iauay oa?aeoa?enoeea eiiiaiee – caeanue iiaeii ociaoue, eiaaea eiiiaiey
auea o/?aaeaeaia, e aa ?acaeoea aei ianoiyuaai a?aiaie, oi?ia
i?aaiecaoeee (aeoeeiia?iia iauanoai, oiaa?euanoai e o. ae.), i?iaeoeoeey
eee oneoae eiiiaiee e eo o?iaaiue e, iaeiiaoe, enoi?ey oeiaine?iaaiey
eiiiaiee ia?aiia/aeueiuie e nouanoaothueie aeoeeiia?aie, aiaoieie
eiaanoi?aie, anee oaeiaua eiathony, e au?o/ea, oaea?aeaiiay a
i?aaei?eyoee (ia?ani?aaeaeaiiay i?eaueue ca i?ioeua aiaeu), a ia
auiea/aiiay a oi?ia aeeaeaeaiaeia eee i?aieaeueiuo. Enoi?ey
nianoaaiiinoe eiiiaiee eiaao aaaeiia cia/aiea. Ianiiiaiii,
ainoaea?noaaiiue iaeao aeoeee, anee oaeie eiaaony, aeieaeai auoue
?ane?uo. Anee yoio iaeao ninoaaeyao aieaa 50%, oi oaina inouanoaeaiey
eiaanoeoeee aiaoiei aeaaeaeueoeai aeoeee oaeoe/anee ia nouanoaoao. Anee
ii iiaeao auoue nie?auai aei i?eia?ii 25% iin?aaenoaii eciaiaiey
no?oeoo?u eaieoaea eiiiaiee oiaaea e?aaeeoi? ia aoaeao ?anniao?eaaoue
yoi eae aa?uea? aeey eiaanoe?iaaiey a eiiiaieth. Anee iieacaoaee i?ioeie
aeayoaeueiinoe ia yaeythony aeinoiaa?iui eiaeeeaoi?ii aoaeoueo
iioaioeeaeueiuo aiciiaeiinoae, oiaaea yoi o?aaoao iauyniaiey. Yoi i/aiue
aaaeii a Oeaio?aeueiie Acee, aaea i?aaeoanoaothuay aeayoaeueiinoue
inouanoaeyeanue i?e oeaio?aeeciaaiiii ieaie?iaaiee aei 1992 aiaea e ia
iiaeao iainiiaaiii n?aaieaaoueny n oaeouae eee aoaeouae yeiiiie/aneie
neooaoeeae.
I?iaeoeoeey e oneoae – iciaeiieaiea n aeaiiui ?acaeaeii iiiiaaao
ociaoue, /oi i?iecaiaeeo, i?iaeaao eeai i?aaeinoaaeyao eiiiaiey naiei
caeac/eeai eee eeeaioai, e /oi iia ieaie?oao ia aoaeouaa. AEaeaoaeueii
/oiau a yoii ?acaeaea auee i?aaenoaaeaiu aeeaa?aiiu a i?eeiaeaiee, a
oaeaea /oiau eeeaio oeacae iniaua i?aeiouanoaa ecaeaeee, eeai oneoa
eiiiaiee. Oaeaea aaaeii, /oiau ninoaaeoaeue ieaia oeacae aeeaae
eiiiaiee, a oii /enea i?ioeaio aeioiaea, a enneaaeiaaiey e ?ac?aaioee.
Aiaeec ?uiea – caeanue eiiiaiey aeieaeia iienaoue naie nouanoaothuee
?uiie e aoaeouea aiciiaeiinoe. Aiieia iiiyoii, /oi e?aaeeoi?u ia iniai
caeioa?aniaaiu a eiiiaiee, eioi?ay ii/eaaao ia naieo eaa?ao e ia
iaaeoiuaaao naia aoaeouaa. Eco/aiea naaiaioia ?uiea e oiai, eaeei
ia?acii eiiiaiey aoaeao oi?aiaaoue ia ieo, iaycaoaeueii. Anee eiiiaiey
inouanoaeyao anth naith oi?aiaeth ia ioa/anoaaiiii ?uiea, nouanoaoao ee
aiciiaeiinoue iaaeaeoia?iaeiie oi?aiaee? ssaeyaony ee ?uiie oeeeee/aneei
eeai naciiiui?
A aeaiiii ?acaeaea aeieaeii niaea?aeaoueny iienaiea io?anee, aa iauaiia
a aeaiiia a?aiy e i?iaiice?oaiiai ?inoa, iniiaiuo oi?i eniieueciaaiey a
eiiia?/aneeo oeaeyo e iniiaiuo eeeaioia. A iai oaeaea aeieaeia
ianoaeaeaoueny naaiaioaoeey: eaeiau oeaeaaua ?uiee, ianoiiaoiaeaeaiea,
eaeiau eo ?acia?u a aeaiiia a?aiy e i?iaiice?oaiua oaiiu ?inoa, aaaeiua
oa?aeoa?enoeee ecaeaeee, iieoiaoaeueneay no?oeoo?a eeeaioia e ana iniaua
oa?aeoa?enoeee. Eiiiaiey iiaeao iiianoue a eiaooeo, eiaaea iia ia iiaeao
ii?aaeaeeoue oi/ii naaiaiou ?uiea, iaaeayoueny i?iieeiooue a eioi?ua o
iaa anoue iniiaaiey.
Eiiiaiee aeieaeiu auoue ?aaeenoe/iu – oeacuaaoue eiieo?aioia, eo
neeueiua e neaaua noi?iiu i?ioea eiiiaiee. Anee o eiiiaiee anoue
oaaaeeua ia ?uiea (iaaieueoay /anoue ?uiea, aaea a ianoiyuaa a?aiy iaei
eiieo?aioeee), iie aeieaeiu oeacaoue yoi. A oaeaea aeaeaoaeueii /oiau
auee oeacaiu: Eaeea aa?uea?u nouanoaotho? Neieueei a?aiaie yoi caeiao?
Neieueei o eiiiaiee anoue a?aiaie ia inaiaiea iiaie i?iaeoeoeee?
Nouanoaotho ee th?eaee/aneea ia?aie/aiey o eiieo?aioia, anooiathueo ia
aao ?uiie, oaeea eae iaoaiou eee oiaa?iua ciaee?
Ieai ia?eaoeiaa – Eaeei ia?acii eiiiaiey aiciaa?aaeaeaao naieo oi?aiauo
aaaioia? Nouanoaotho ee aeiiieieoaeueiua iiiu?eoaeueiua
aiciaa?aaeaeaiey? Anoue ee neeaeee ia caeoiee a aieueoii iauaia eeai a
ii?aaeaeaiiua a?aiaia aiaea? Eaeiau oi?aiai-?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiua naoe?
Iiaoo ee iie auoue iiaeaa?aioou ?eneo? Eaeiaa no?aoaaey
oeaiiia?aciaaiey, e eaeei ia?acii aa oeaiu aoaeoo niiinoaaeyoueny n
ae?oaeie ia ?uiea? Eaeei ia?acii eiiiaiey inaaaeiieo ?uiie i naieo
ecaeaeeyo eee oneoaao? Ai neieueei yoi iaieaeaony?
Ieai i?iecaiaenoaa – a aeaiiie /anoe ieaia aeieaeiu e?aoei eceaaaoueny
oa?aeoa?, o?iaaiue e ?acia?u i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiuiinoae e aacu
eiiiaiee. Ioaa/atho ee iie o?aaiaaieyi? Ieaie?oaony ee ?anoe?aiea?
Eiiiaiey, eae i?aaeei, oniaoii iiaeeecoao eaieoae ec aiaoieo enoi/ieeia,
iioiio /oi eiaanoi? iniciaao ?ino. ?ino iiae?acoiaaaao aeiiieieoaeueiua
iiuiinoe eeai ?anoe?aiea nouanoaothueo iiuiinoae e?iia neo/aaa, eiaaea
nouanoaothuea iiuiinoe eniieuecothony a iaaeinoaoi/iie noaiaie, /oi
iiaeao noaoue anei?a iethnii. Caeanue iaiaoiaeeii oeacaoue, yaeyaony ee
iai?oaeiaaiea nianoaaiiinoueth eee a?aiaeoaony, e anee a?aiaeoaony,
eaeia n?ie a?aiaeu. Oaeaea aaaeii ninoiyiea i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiuiinoae.
Onoa?aaoaa ee yoi i?iiuoeaiiia i?aaei?eyoea, eioi?iio oaeaea ioaeia
aoaeao cia/eoaeueiay eiaanoeoeey? Eeai nia?aiaiiia, ia o?aaothuaa
oaeoe/anee ieeaeeo aeiiieieoaeueiuo eiaanoeoeee? Ethaia i?iiuoeaiiia
i?aaei?eyoea aeieaeii niaethaeaoue nouanoaothuea i?aaeea, onoaiiaeaiiua
ainoaea?noaii, a ioiioaiee aaciianiinoe e ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. Anee yoi
ia eiaao ianoa, oi iiyoue-oaee nouanoaoao aieueoay aa?iyoiinoue oiai,
/oi a nei?ii a?aiaie iio?aaoaony aeiiieieoaeueiua cao?aou. N
yenieoaoaoeeiiiie oi/ee c?aiey eiiiaiey aeieaeia ianoaeeoue naie
enoi/ieee iinoaaie e aeueoa?iaoeaiua enoi/ieee iinoaaie, anee anoue
iaiaoiaeeiinoue.
Oi?aaeaiea – i/aiue aaaeiia cia/aiea eiaao no?oeoo?a eiiiaiee e
?oeiaiaeyuea i?aaiu. Iiae?iaiua ?acthia oi?aaeythueo aeieaeiu auoue
/anoueth ieaia. Ioaeii aeeth/eoue naaaeaiey ia io?aneaauo aeinoeaeaieyo,
i?aieyo, iaoaioao, aaoi?neeo i?aaao. Anee anoue iaiaoiaeeiinoue a iiauo
oi?aaeythueo, ioaeii caiaieoue nouanoaothueo ?aaioieeia eeai ?anoe?eoue
ooao a caaeneiinoe io ianoiyoaeuenoa.
Oaeaea ioaeii aeeth/eoue iienaiea ?aai/ae neeu, ?acaeoie ii o?iaith
eaaeeoeeaoeee, aic?anoo, oaeo/anoe (eiyeueiinoe) e iaee/eth
aeiiieieoaeueiuo ?aai/eo ii ?iaeo ?aaiou, anee iie iio?aaothony a
aoaeouai.
Oeiainiaue ieai – aiieia iiiyoii, /oi yoi aaaeiue ?acaeae ieaia.
Aaaeiuie aii?inaie yaeyaony neaaeothuaa: aa?ia ee oi?ia? Iiaeaioiaeai ee
ii iaaeeaaeauei ia?acii? Eanaaony ee ii nooe: neieueei o?aaoaony aeaiaa?
Eiaaea? E eaeia aeioiae eiaanoi?a? Eaeia n?ie iiaaoaiey? Eaeiau
aiciiaeiua iooe auoiaea aeey eiaanoi?ia? Ieai aeieaeai aeeth/aoue eae
ieieioi neaaeothuaa: oaeouea oeiainiaua io/aou, naaaeaiey i oeiainiaie
aeayoaeueiinoe ca iineaaeiea o?e aiaea e i?iaiice?oaiie oeiainiaie
aeayoaeueiinoe ia neaaeothuea o?e-iyoue eao, a oii /enea i?iaiicu iioiea
aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa. Ana aeiiouaiiua i?aaeiieiaeaiey aeieaeiu auoue ynii
eceiaeaiu a i?eia/aieyo.
Cayaea iinooiaao e niioaaonoaothuaio e?aaeeoiiio ?aaioieeo, eioi?ue
iinea ?anniio?aiey i?iaiaeeo i?aaeaa?eoaeueioth aanaaeo n aoaeouei
caaiueeii – aeaaeaeueoeai eee i?aaenoaaeoaeai ?oeiaiaenoaa oe?iu. Yoa
aanaaea eiaao aieueoia cia/aiea aeey ?aoaiey aii?ina i aoaeouae nnoaea:
ii iicaieyao e?aaeeoiiio ?aaioieeo ia oieueei auynieoue iiiaea aaaeiua
aeaoaee e?aaeeoiie cayaee, ii e ninoaaeoue ineoieiae/aneee ii?o?ao
caaiueea, auynieoue i?ioanneiiaeueioth iiaeaioiaeaiiinoue ?oeiaiaeyuaai
ninoaaa eiiiaiee, ?aaeenoe/iinoue aai ioeaiie iieiaeaiey e ia?niaeoea
?acaeoey i?aaei?eyoey.
A oiaea aanaaeu eioa?auetha?o ia neaaeoao no?aieoueny auynieoue ana
aniaeou ?aaiou eiiiaiee; ii aeieaeai neiioeaio?e?iaaoue aieiaiea ia
eeth/aauo, aaciauo aii?inao, i?aaenoaaeythuee iaeaieueoee eioa?an aeey
aaiea. ?aeiiaiaeoaony ?ani?aaeaeeoue aii?inu ii 4 -5 a?oiiai:
Naaaeaiey i eeeaioa e aai eiiiaiee :
yaeyaony ee oe?ia aaeeiiee/iui i?aaei?eyoeai, oiaa?euanoaii eee
ei?ii?aoeeae;
eae aeaaii o/?aaeaeaia eiiiaiey;
eaeiaa aa i?iaeoeoeey;
eoi aeaaeaeueoeu, neieueei aeoeee iie eiatho;
eaeia iiuo e eaaeeoeeaoeey iaiaaeaea?ia;
i?eaueueia ee eiiiaiey;
eoi iniiaiua iinoaaueee e iieoiaoaee;
ia eaeeo oneiaeyo i?iaeaaony i?iaeoeo.
Aii?inu ii iiaiaeo i?inueau i e?aaeeoa:
eaeoth noiio aeaiaa eiiiaiey iaia?aia iieo/eoue o aaiea;
eae ?ann/eoaia yoa noiia;
aeinoaoi/ii ee aeeo?aoii ninoaaeai i?iaiic oeiainiauo iio?aaiinoae;
o/eouaatho ee oneiaey, ia eioi?uo eeeaio oi/ao iieo/eoue caai, n?ie
neoaeau aeoeaia, oeiaine?oaiuo n iiiiuueth caeia;
o/eouaatho ee oneiaey caeia niiniaiinoue eeeaioa iiaaneoue e?aaeeo a
n?ie.
Aii?inu naycaiiua n iiaaoaieai e?aaeeoa:
eae eeeaio i?aaeiieaaaao iiaaoaoue e?aaeeo;
neieueei aeaiaaeiie iaee/iinoe eiiiaiey iieo/aao a oiaea iia?aoeeiiiiai
oeeeea;
eiaaony ee o eeeaioa niaoeeaeueiue enoi/iee iiaaoaiey e?aaeeoa;
anoue ee eeoea, aioiaua aeao aa?aioeth e eaeiai eo oeiainiaia
iieiaeaiea.
Aii?inu ii iiaiaeo iaania/aiey caeia:
eaeia iaania/aiea aoaeao ia?aaeaii a caeia;
eoi aeaaeaeaoe iaania/aiey;
aaea neeaaee?iaaii iaania/aiea;
iaoiaeeony iii iiae eiio?ieai eeeaioa e iiaeao ee auoue, /oi o?aaoaony
/uea-eeai iniaia ?ac?aoaiea , /oiau i?iaeaoue iaania/aiea;
eae auea i?iecaaaeaia ioeaiea eiouanoaa, i?aaeeaaaaiia a ea/anoaa
iaania/aiey;
iiaeaa?aeaii ee iaania/aiea ii?/a;
eaeiau ecaea?aeee ii o?aiaieth iaania/aiey.
Aii?inu i naycyo eeeaioa n ae?oaeie aaieaie:
eaeea aaiee eniieuecothony a ianoiyuaa a?aiy eeeaioii;
ia?auaeny ee ii e ae?oaei aaieai ca nnoaeie;
ii/aio eeeaio i?eoae a yoio aaie;
eiathony ee iaiiaaoaiiua caeiu e eaeia eo oa?aeoa?.
I?e iieo/aiee cayaee ia e?aaeeo, aaie aeieaeai eco/eoue ia oieueei
?aciua aniaeou e?aaeeoiie naeaeee, ii e aeaoue ioeaieo ia?niiaeueiuo
ea/anoa caaiueea, aoaeue oi /anoiia eeoei eee ?oeiaiaeeoaeue oe?iu.
Ioeaieaay ee/iinoue eeeaioa aaie nin?aaeioa/eaaao aieiaiea ia
neaaeothueo iiiaioao:
ii?yaei/iinoue e /anoiinoue;
i?ioanneiiaeueiua niiniaiinoe;
aic?ano e ninoiyiea caei?iauey;
iaee/ea i?aaiieea (ia neo/ae caaieaaaiey eee nia?oe);
iaoa?eaeueiay iaania/aiiinoue.
Ii?yaei/iinoue e /anoiinoue. Yoi eeth/aaua ea/anoaa eeeaioa, eiathuea
aeey aaiea ia?ainoaiaiiia cia/aiea. Aaie ia aeieaeai i?aaeinoaaeyoue
e?aaeeo eeoeo (eee eiiiaiee), anee yoi eeoei (eee ?oeiaiaenoai oe?iu) ia
caneoaeeaaao aeiaa?ey, o.a. anee eiathony i?eciaee, /oi caaiuee ia
aoaeao neo?ioeacii i?eaea?aeeaaoueny oneiaee e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiee.
*anoiue eeeaio i?eeiaeeo iaeneioi oneeee, /oiau iiaaneoue acyoua
iaycaoaeuenoaa, a eaeii au o?oaeiii iieiaeaiee ii ia ieacaeny.
Iaiaaeaaeiue eeeaio aoaeao iiaaoaoue aeieae aaieo, anee o iaai eiathony
naiaiaeiua aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa. Eiaaea aea aicieeatho o?oaeiinoe, ii
i?ae?auaao auieaoo caaeieaeaiiinoe e ioiaeaeaaao aaie a eiiaoe i/a?aaee.
I?e ?aoaiee aii?ina i nnoaea aeey aaiea nouanoaaiii, eiaao ee ii aeaei
ni naiei i?aaeiei eeeaioii, aeey eioi?iai ii ioe?ue n/ao e eioi?ue oaea
?aiueoa iieo/ae nnoaeo a yoii aaiea, eee yoi aea iaciaeiiue /aeiaae,
aia?aua ia?aoeaoeeny a aaie. Anee eeeaio oaea iieo/ae nnoaeo e o aaiea
ia auei e iaio i?aoaicee , yoi nouanoaaiii iiauneo aai oainu ia
iieo/aiea iiaiai e?aaeeoa. Anee ii ia iieueciaaeny e?aaeeoii, ii eiaao
aeaiiceoiue n/ao a aaiea, oi iaee/ea nieeaeiiai inoaoea ia n/aoa e
?aaoey?iue ia?aaiae noii ia yoio n/ao oaeaea iiaeao naeaeaoaeuenoaiaaoue
i aai aunieie ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe. I?e ia?aii ia?auaiee eeeaioa aaie
aeieaeai i?iaanoe ouaoaeueiia ianeaaeiaaiea ninoiyiey aeae caaiueea e
eniieueciaaoue iaeneioi aiciiaeiie eioi?iaoeee i aai ee/iuo ea/anoaao e
iaoa?eaeueiii iieiaeaiee.
I?ioanneiiaeueiua niiniaiinoe aoaeouaai caaiueea iniaaiii aaaeiu, anee
?a/ue eaeao i ?oeiaiaeeoaea oe?iu, aeaeathuai iieo/eoue nnoaeo ia
aeaeiaua oeaee. Yoe niiniaiinoe naycaiu n aai oiaieai oi?aaeyoue
i?aaei?eyoeai, i?eaioe?iaaoueny ia ?uiea e iaania/eaaoue i?eaueueiinoue
oe?iu.
Eiiiaoaioeey ?oeiaiaeeoaey neeaaeuaaaony ec ianeieueeeo ea/anoa:
iaee/ea nieeaeiie i?ioanneiiaeueiie iiaeaioiaee a eca?aiiie noa?a
eiiia?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe;
i?aaiecaoi?neea ea/anoaa;
niiniaiinoue i?eieiaoue iainiiaaiiua ?aoaiey;
oiaiea ia?auaoueny n ethaeueie, n iiae/eiaiiuie;
ciaiea ?aaiou anao o/anoeia naiaai i?aaei?eyoey, a oaeaea ae?oaeo
i?aaei?eyoey io?anee.
Aic?ano e ninoiyiea caei?iauey eeeaioa. Anee caaiuee iieiae e ia eiaao
aeinoaoi/iiai iiuoa a eiiia?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, auaea/a aio e?oiiie
nnoaeu naycaia n iiauoaiiui ?eneii. Oi aea ioiineony e iiaeeeui ethaeyi,
?aaioiniiniaiinoue eioi?uo nieaeaia ec-ca aic?anoa eee oyaeaeie aieacie.
A iineaaeiai neo/aa aaaeii ciaoue, eiaaony ee i?aaiiee, eioi?ue niiaeao
i?eiyoue ia naay iaycaoaeuenoaa ii caeio a neo/aa ooiaea io aeae eee
nia?oe eeeaioa. Yoe oaeoi?u iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue ia oieueei a neo/aa
ia?niiaeueiiai caeia, ii e i?e ia?aaiai?ao n ?oeiaiaenoaii oe?iu: aaie
aeieaeai auoue oaa?ai, /oi o i?anoa?aeiai aeaau oe?iu anoue
caianoeoaeue, aioiaue acyoue ia naay oi?aaeaiea aeaeaie.
Iaoa?eaeueiue aniaeo ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe oa?aeoa?ecoao niiniaiinoue
eeeaioa iiaaneoue aeiea ca n/ao nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa. Anee ?a/ue eaeao i
ia?niiaeueiii caeia. Aaie iiiuoaaony ioeaieoue ?acia? ee/iiai eiouanoaa
eeeaioa; i?e aeaeiaie nnoaea, iiieii ee/iiai ninoiyiey ?oeiaiaeeoaey
oe?iu e aai eiiiaiueiiia, aaie aoaeao ouaoaeueiaeoei ia?acii
aiaeece?iaaoue oeiainiaia iieiaeaiea oe?iu ia iniiaa aa aaeaina e
niioonoaothueo aeieoiaioia.
Ee/iia aiaaonoai caaiueea neeaaeuaaaony ec iaaeaeaeeiiai e aeaeaeeiiai
eiouanoaa. Iaee/ea nieeaeiie iaaeaeaeeiinoe yaeyaony aeaaii?eyoiui
oaeoi?ii aeey iieo/aiey nnoaeu. I?e yoii aaiee?a eioa?anoao a ia?aoth
i/a?aaeue ia iiieiaeueiay noieiinoue iaaeaeaeeiinoe, a aa ?aaeueiay
oeaiiinoue, eai i?iaeaaea iaaeaeaeeiinoe a neo/aa aaie?ionoaa /anoi
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iai?inooth caaea/o. Aeey ioeaiee eiouanoaa aaiee?
iiaeao i?eaaaiooue e yenia?oeca niaoeeaeenoa.
Aeaeaeeiia eiouanoai iiaeao aeeth/aoue aeeaaeu (n?i/iua) eeeaioa,
oeaiiua aoiaae, aeaai?iaeiua iaoaeeu, ae?aaioeaiiinoe, ea?oeiu e o.ae.
Yoi eiouanoai oiaea ioaeaeaaony a ouaoaeueiie ioeaiea.
Ioeaiea iaoa?eaeueiiai iieiaeaiey oe?iu (th?eaee/aneiai eeoea)
i?aaeiieaaaao ouaoaeueiia ianeaaeiaaiea aa oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey ca
ianeieueei eao e iieo/aiea aeiiieieoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee i aa
aeayoaeueiinoe. I?e yoii aaie iniaaiii aieiaoaeueii neaaeeo ca oai,
eiaao ee oe?ia iaycaoaeuenoaa ia?aae ae?oaeie e?aaeeoiuie
o/?aaeaeaieyie, iai?eia?, anee caeaiey, eioi?uie aeaaeaao oe?ia, oaea
caeiaeaiu, yoi na?ueacii iiae?uaaao aa ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoue.
1.5.2 Ioeaiea e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe caaiueea.
Iinea aanaaeu e?aaeeoiue einiaeoi? aeieaeai i?eiyoue ?aoaiea:
i?iaeieaeaoue ee ?aaioo n e?aaeeoiie cayaeie eee ioaaoeoue ioeacii. Anee
i?aaeeiaeaiea eeeaioa ?anoiaeeony a eaeeo-oi aaaeiuo aniaeoao n
i?eioeeiaie e onoaiiaeaie iieeoeee, eioi?oth i?iaiaeeo aaie a iaeanoe
e?aaeeoiuo iia?aoeee, oi cayaeo neaaeoao ?aoeoaeueii ioaa?aiooue. I?e
yoii iaiaoiaeeii iauynieoue cayaeoaeth i?e/eiu, ii eioi?ui e?aaeeo ia
iiaeao auoue i?aaeinoaaeai. Anee aea e?aaeeoiue einiaeoi? ii eoiaai
i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai eioa?aueth ?aoaao i?iaeieaeeoue ?aaioo n eeeaioii, ii
caiieiyao e?aaeeoiia aeinuea e iai?aaeyao aai aianoa n cayaeie e
aeieoiaioaie, i?aaenoaaeaiiuie eeeaioii, a ioaeae ii aiaeeco
e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe. Oai i?iaiaeeony oaeoaeaiiia e ouaoaeueiia
ianeaaeiaaiea oeiainiaiai iieiaeaiey eiiiaiee-caaiueea. I?e yoii
e?aaeeoiue einiaeoi? aeieaeai ?aoeoue, eoi ec ?aaioieeia ioaeaea eo/oa
iiaeoiaeeo aeey i?iaaaeaiey yenia?oecu. Iai?eia?, anee ?a/ue eaeao ia
ioeaiea iaania/aiey, i?aaeeiaeaiiiai eeeaioii, oi o?aaoaony caeeth/aiea
iiuoiiai aiaeeoeea, oae eae ioeaiea eiouanoaa i?aaenoaaeyao neiaeioth
i?ioeaaeo?o. Anee aea o?aaoaony iieo/eoue naaaeaiey o e?aaeeoiiai
aaaionoaa, oi yoei iiaeao caiyoueny iaiaa eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiue ?aaioiee.
Yooaeoeaiinoue ?aaiou e?aaeeoiiai einiaeoi?a ii?aaeaeyaony aai oiaieai
aeaaaoue ii?o/aiey oai neoaeauei aaiea, eioi?ua iaeeo/oei ia?acii
iiaeoiaeyo aeey yoiai.
I?e aiaeeca e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe eniieuecothony ?aciua enoi/ieee
eioi?iaoeee:
iaoa?eaeu, iieo/aiiua iaiin?aaenoaaiii io eeeaioa;
iaoa?eaeu i eeeaioa, eiathueany a a?oeaa aaiea;
naaaeaiey niiauaaiua oaie, eoi eiae aeaeiaua eiioaeou n eeeaioii (io/aou
i e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe, io?aneaaua aiaeeoe/aneea enneaaeiaaiey,
ni?aai/ieee ii eiaanoeoeeyi e o.i.).
Yenia?ou ioaeaea e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe i?aaeaea anaai ia?auathony e
a?oeaai naiaai aaiea. Anee cayaeoaeue oaea ?aiaa iieo/ae e?aaeeo a
aaiea, oi a a?oeaa eiathony naaaeaiey i caaea?aeeao iiaaoaiey aeieaa eee
ae?oaeo ia?ooaieyo.
I?e ioeaiea e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe caaiueea eniieuecothony oeiainiaua
iieacaoaee iniiaaiiua ia eioi?iaoeee i?aaeinoaaeaiiua caaiueeii, e
acyoua ec aaeaina e io/aoa i i?eaueyo e oauoeao. Eniieueciaaiea
oeiainiauo iieacaoaeae iniiauaaaony ia i?eciaiee oiai, /oi
eneeth/eoaeueiia eniieueciaaiea ea/anoaaiiie eioi?iaoeee ia iaeaa/aao
no?oeoo?iue e iauaeoeaiue i?ioeann i?eiyoey ?aoaiee e /enea naie ii naaa
i?aaenoaaeytho iaaieueooth oeaiiinoue. Aiaeec oeiainiauo iieacaoaeae
o?aaoao iaee/ey iaaeaaeiie, iinoiyiii iaiiaeyaiie oeiainiaie
eioi?iaoeee. Ae?aooea, aiaeec iieacaoaeae yaeyaony e?aeia aaaeiui
eino?oiaioii oi?aaeaiey.
Iieacaoaeue oeiainiaie eeeaeaeiinoe:
Io?aaeaao niiniaiinoue oe?iu iiaaoaoue naie oaeouea iaycaoaeuenoaa,
aanoe naie e?aoein?i/iua iia?aoeee. Aeey i?iiuoeaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee
oaeouaa niioiioaiea 1,2 e auoa n/eoaaony io?aaeathuei oi?ioaa ninoiyiea
eeeaeaeiinoe.
Aeieain?i/iay caaeieaeaiiinoue e eaieoaeo:
Aeieain?i/iay caaeieaeaiiinoue e aeoeeiia?iiio eaieoaeo:
2 e 3 – iieacuaaao ianeieueei caaiuee iaania/ee naay “oeiainiaui
?u/aaii” aeey i?iaaaeaiey naieo iia?aoeee, o.a. ianeieueei ii
eniieueciaae n?aaenoaa aiaoieo caeinoaiaaiee ii n?aaiaieth ni
n?aaenoaaie, eioi?ua ii ecuneae nai.
I?aaeiaeiaiaia iie?uoea i?ioeaioia:
Ioiioaiea aeaiaaeiiai iioiea e aeieain?i/iie caaeieaeaiiinoe :
4 e 5 – i?eia?u iieacaoaeae iie?uoey, iieacuaathuea, ianeieueei i?eaueue
oe?iu e niiniaiinoue ca?aaaouaaoue aeaiueae iie?uaaao aeiea oe?iu eee
iaycaoaeuenoaa ii ianeoaeeaaieth aeieaa.
Aeieain?i/iay caaeieaeaiiinoue e iaooi-iniiaiui n?aaenoaai:
Iieacuaaao ianeieueei aii?oece?iaaiiia iai?oaeiaaiea e eiouanoai oe?iu
oeiaine?othony ca n/ao aeieain?i/iie caaeieaeaiiinoe. AEaeaoaeueiia
niioiioaiea ia aieaa 1.
Oaeaea aaaeiua naaaeaiey iiaeii iieo/eoue o aaieia e ae?oaeo oeiainiauo
o/?aaeaeaiee, n eioi?uie eiae aeaei cayaeoaeue. Aaiee, eiaanoeoeeiiiua e
oeiainiaua eiiiaiee iiaoo i?aaeinoaaeoue iaoa?eae i ?acia?ao aeaiiceoia
eiiiaiee, iaiiaaoaiiie caaeieaeaiiinoe, aeeo?aoiinoe a iieaoa n/aoia e
o.ae. oi?aiaua ia?oia?u eiiiaiee niiauatho aeaiiua i ?acia?ao
i?aaeinoaaeaiiiai ae eiiia?/aneiai e?aaeeoa, e ii yoei aeaiiui iiaeii
noaeeoue i oii , eniieuecoao ee eeeaio yooaeoeaii /oaeea n?aaenoaa aeey
oeiaine?iaaiey iai?ioiiai eaieoaea.
Ioaeae e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe iiaeao oaeaea ia?aoeoueny e
niaoeeaeece?iaaiiui e?aaeeoiui aaaionoaai e iieo/eoue o ieo io/ao i
oeiainiaii iieiaeaiee i?aaei?eyoey eee oece/aneiai eeoea (a neo/aa
ia?niiaeueiie nnoaeu). Io/ao niaea?aeeo naaaeaiey ia enoi?ee eiiiaiee,
aa iia?aoeeyo, ?uieao i?iaeoeoeee, oeeeaeao, ?aaoey?iinoe iieaou n/aoia,
?acia?ao caaeieaeaiiinoe e o.ae.
Ii iaeaieueoae iiioey?iinoueth n?aaee aiaoieo enoi/ieeia eioi?iaoeee
iieuecothony cai?inu o ae?oaeo aaieia, ianeoaeeaathueo aeaiiiai eeeaioa,
e o aai oi?aiauo ia?oia?ia. Yoe naaaeaiey iniaaiii oeaiiu, oae eae iie
iniiaaiu ia i?ioeii iiuoa i?yiiai iauaiey n aeaiiie eiiiaieae.
I?e eco/aiee cayaee ia e?aaeeo e?aaeeoiue nio?oaeiee iiaeao i?iecaanoe
einiaeoeeth oe?iu ia ianoa e iiaanaaeiaaoue n eeth/aauie aeieaeiinoiuie
eeoeaie. I/aiue aaaeii auynieoue o?iaaiue eiiiaoaioeee ethaeae,
aicaeaaeythueo oeiainiaua, iia?aoeeiiiua e ia?eaoeiaiaua neoaeau,
aaeieieno?aoeaiue aiia?ao. Ai a?aiy iinauaiey oe?iu iiaeii auynieoue
iiiaea oaoie/aneea aii?inu, eioi?ua ia auee cao?iioou ai a?aiy
i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai eioa?aueth, a oaeaea ninoaaeoue i?aaenoaaeaiea i
ninoiyiee eiouanoaa, caeaiee e iai?oaeiaaiey eiiiaiee, i i?eau/eao e
iiaaaeaiee nio?oaeieeia e o.ae.
1.5.3 Iiaeaioiaea e?aaeeoiiai aeiaiai?a e aai caeeth/aiea.
A neo/aa aeaaii?eyoiiai caeeth/aiey aaie i?enooiaao e ?ac?aaioea oneiaee
e?aaeeoiiai aeiaiai?a. Yoio yoai iacuaaaony no?oeoo?e?iaaieai nnoaeu. A
i?ioeanna no?oeoo?e?iaaiey aaie ii?aaeaeyao iniiaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee
nnoaeu:
aeae e?aaeeoa;
noiio;
n?ie;
niinia iiaaoaiey;
iaania/aiea;
oeaio e?aaeeoa;
i?i/ea oneiaey.
No?oeoo?e?iaaiea iiaeao ieacaoue na?ueaciia aeeyiea ia oniao e?aaeeoiie
naeaeee. Anee aaie ii?aaeaeee a aeiaiai?a neeoeii iai?yaeaiiua n?iee
iiaaoaiey nnoaeu, oi caaiuee iiaeao inoaoueny aac eaieoaea,
iaiaoiaeeiiai aeey ii?iaeueiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey. A ?acoeueoaoa auione
i?iaeoeoeee ia aoaeao ?anoe niaeanii ia?aiia/aeueiui iaiaoeai. Iai?ioea,
anee aaie i?aaeinoaaeo neeoeii eeaa?aeueiua oneiaey auieaou aeieaa
(neaaeai, anee aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa aeey iiaaoaiey iieoaiaeiaie nnoaeu
aoaeoo iieo/aiu a oa/aiee iaeiiai ianyoea), oi caaiuee aoaeao
aeeeoaeueiia a?aiy aaneiio?ieueii eniieueciaaoue iieo/aiiue e?aaeeo.
Iai?aaeeueiia ii?aaeaeaiea noiu e?aaeeoa oiaea iiaeao aucaaoue
na?ueaciua i?iaeaiu. Anee noiia caieaeaia (iai?eia?, aianoi iaiaoiaeeiuo
300 oun. aeiee. iieo/aii 200 oun. aeiee.), oi caaiueeo anei?a
iio?aaoaony aua 100 oun. aeiee., e ia?aiia/aeueiue caai ia aoaeao
iiaaoai a n?ie. A ia?aoiie neooaoeee (auaeaii 200 oun. aeiee., eiaaea
iaiaoiaeeii 100 ouny/) eeeaio aoaeao ?aniieaaaoue eceeoieie noiiaie e
cao?aoeo eo ia oeiaine?iaaiea ?anoiaeia , ia i?aaeoniio?aiiuo e?aaeeoiui
aeiaiai?ii.
Ia?aue oaa, eioi?ua aeieaeai naeaeaoue e?aaeeoiue einiaeoi?,
?ac?aaaouaay oneiaey aoaeouae nnoaeu, – ii?aaeaeeoue aeae e?aaeeoa. Yoi
caaeneo io oeaee e?aaeeoa, oa?aeoa?a iia?aoeee, aeey oeiaine?iaaiey
eioi?uo aa?aony nnoaea, aiciiaeiinoe e enoi/ieeia iiaaoaiey e?aaeeoa.
Iu oaea aiai?eee, /oi eiiia?/aneea nnoaeu iiaoo auoue eniieueciaaiu
aeey oeiaine?iaaiey iai?ioiiai eaieoaea e aeey oeiaine?iaaiey iniiaiuo
oiiaeia eiiiaiee. N?aaenoaa aeey iiaaoaiey nnoaeu a yoeo neo/ayo
aeeoioee?othony ii-?aciiio.
Aaie i?aaeeaaaao eeeaioo oio aeae e?aaeeoa e oa oneiaey iiaaoaiey,
eioi?ua a iaeaieueoae noaiaie ioaa/atho oa?aeoa?o naeaeee, eaaeauae a
iniiaaiee caeia.
Aieueoia aieiaiea oaeaeyaony aii?ino i noieiinoe e?aaeeoa, eoaea aoiaeeo
ii?aaeaeaiea i?ioeaioiie noaaee, ?acia? eiiiainaoeeiiiiai inoaoea ia
n/aoa, eiiennee ca auaea/o e ioi?ieaiea e?aaeeoa e o.ae.
I?e ii?aaeaeaiee noaaee ii e?aaeeoo aeieaeiu o/eouaaoue ?acee/iua
oaeoi?u: noieiinoue aeey aaiea i?eaea/aiiuo n?aaenoa ( aeaiiceoia e
iaaeaiiceoiuo enoi/ieeia); iaaeaaeiinoue caaiueea e noaiaiue ?enea,
naycaiiay ni nnoaeie; ?anoiaeu ii ioi?ieaieth e eiio?ieth ca iiaaoaieai
e?aaeeoa; oa?aeoa? ioiioaiee iaaeaeo aaieii e caaiueeii e ?yae ae?oaeo
iiiaioia.
Eiaaea ?aaioa ii no?oeoo?e?iaaieth nnoaeu ieii/aia, e?aaeeoiue einiaeoi?
aeieaeai i?eiyoue i?eioeeieaeueiia ?aoaiea: ia?aeoe ee e ieii/aoaeueiui
ia?aaiai?ai i caeeth/aiee e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey eee ioeacaoue a
auaea/a nnoaeu. Iaiaoiaeeii aua ?ac iiae/a?eiooue, /oi anee ia iaeiie
ec noaaeee ianeaaeiaaiey e iiaeaioiaee iaoa?eaea noaiiaeony ynii, /oi
eaeea-oi aaaeiua oa?aeoa?enoeee nnoaeu (oeaeue, noiia, iaania/aiea,
oneiaey iiaaoaiey) ia niioaaonoaotho iieeoeea aaiea a iaeanoe
e?aaeeoiaaiey e i?eiyoui noaiaea?oai, neaaeoao ioeacaoueny io
i?aaeinoaaeaiey e?aaeeoa. Iiyoiio, caeii/ea no?oeoo?e?iaaiea nnoaeu,
e?aaeeoiue einiaeoi? aeieaeai aua ?ac ioeaieoue anth eiathuothny
eioi?iaoeeth e i?eiyoue ieii/aoaeueiia ?aoaiea i oeaeaniia?aciinoe
nnoaeu. Anee caeeth/aiea iieiaeeoaeueii, oi ?aaioa ia?aoiaeeo a noaaeeth
ia?aaiai?ia ia ieii/aoaeueiuo oneiaeyo e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey, iinea
/aai i?iaeo aeiaiai?a aeieaeai auoue i?aaenoaaeai nnoaeiiio eiieoaoo
aaiea aeey ooaa?aeaeaiey.
E?aaeeoiue einiaeoi? aeieaeai i?aaenoaaeoue eeeaioo i?aaeeiaeaiey ii
oneiaeyi aoaeouaai e?aaeeoa – i?ioeaioiie noaaea, eiiennee ca ioe?uoea
e?aaeeoa, iaania/aieth e o.ae. Aai i?aaeeiaeaiey iiaoo nouanoaaiii
ioee/aoueny io oao oneiaee , eioi?ua niaea?aeaeenue a cayaea eeeaioa.
Iai?eia?, caaiuee i?inee auaeaoue aio n?aaeian?i/ioth nnoaeo n?ieii ia 5
eao ii oeene?iaaiiie noaaea, ia 1,5 % i?aauoathuae aaciaoth, aaie aea,
i?iaaaey iieiia ianeaaeiaaiea, i?aaeeaaaao nnoaeo ia 3 aiaea ii noaaea,
ia 3,5 % i?aauoathuae aaciaoth, n iieaa?oaeueiui ia?aniio?ii aa e n
iaania/aieai nnoaeu aeoeaaie e ia?niiaeueiie aa?aioeae. Oaeiaa enoiaeiay
aaca aeey ia?aaiai?ia.
A i?ioeanna ia?aaiai?ia iiceoeee noi?ii naeeaeathony e auyaeyaony
eiii?iienn. Oae, a i?eaaaeaiiii i?eia?a noi?iiu iiaoo aeiaiai?eoueny i
nnoaea ia 4 aiaea n oeene?iaaiiie noaaeie, ia 2 % i?aauoathuae aaciaoth,
e n iaania/aieai nnoaeu oaie iaoa?eaeueiuie aeoeaaie, eioi?ua iaia?ai
i?eia?anoe eeeaio ia n?aaenoaa, iieo/aiiua io aaiea. Aiciiaeai oaeaea
aa?eaio n iaiythuaeny i?ioeaioiie noaaeie, ii n iaania/aieai a aeaea
aa?aioee o?aoueaai eeoea.
Iinea aeinoeaeaiey niaeaney ii iniiaiui aii?inai naeaeee,
iiaeaioaaeeaaaony aeieoiaio, noiie?othuee oneiaey e?aaeeoa. Yoio
aeieoiaio aeieaeai auoue i?aaenoaaeai nnoaeiiio eiieoaoo aeey
ooaa?aeaeaiey. Ia canaaeaiee eiieoaoa e?aaeeoiue einiaeoi? i?eaiaeeo
a?aoiaiou a iieueco naeaeee, ioia/ay aa neeueiua e neaaua noi?iiu. Anee
niaeaoaiea niaea?aeeo aeaoaee, ia niioaaonoaothuea ii?iaeueiie i?aeoeea
aaiea, e?aaeeoiue einiaeoi? aeieaeai eo iainiiaaoue.
Aeieoiaioaoeey ii nnoaea eiaao eneeth/eoaeueii aaaeiia cia/aiea, oae eae
ionoonoaea eaeeo-eeai iaoa?eaeia eee eo iai?aaeeueiia ioi?ieaiea iiaoo
i?eaanoe e e?oiiui iioa?yi a neo/aa iaiiaaoaiey e?aaeeoa e ae?oaeo
iaaeia?iniaanoiue aeaenoaee caaiueea.
Aaie aeieaeai o?aieoue a e?aaeeoiii aeinuea neaaeothuea aeieoiaiou:
naeaeaoaeuenoaa iieiiii/ee eeoe, iiaeienaaoeo e?aaeeoiue aeiaiai? io
eiaie eiiiaiee;
aeieoiaiou, iiaeoaa?aeaeathuea iieo/aiea nnoaeu;
aeieoiaiou, aeathuea i?aai ?anii?yaeaiey caeiaii (anee ii nnoaea
iieo/aii iaania/aiea).
E?aaeeoiia niaeaoaiea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ?acaa?iooue aeieoiaio,
iiaeienuaaaiue iaaeie noi?iiaie e?aaeeoiie naeaeee e niaea?aeauee
iiae?iaiia eceiaeaiea anao oneiaee nnoaeu.
Aai iniiaiua ?acaeaeu:
naeaeaoaeuenoaa e aa?aioee;
oa?aeoa?enoeea e?aaeeoa;
iaycuaathuea oneiaey;
cai?auathuea oneiaey;
iaauiieiaiea oneiaee e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey;
naieoeee a neo/aa ia?ooaiey oneiaee.
?acaeae «Naeaeaoaeuenoaa e aa?aioee» iiaeoaa?aeaeaao, /oi caaiuee:
eiaao iieiiii/ey caeeth/aoue e?aaeeoiua aeiaiai?a e iiaeienuaaoue
aeieaiaua iaycaoaeuenoaa;
ia eiaao caaeieaeaiiinoe ii iaeiaai;
eiaao i?aai ?anii?yaeaoueny aeoeaaie;
ia eiaao aeoeaia a caeiaa e?iia ecaanoiuo aaieo;
ia ia?ooaao eaeeo-eeai ae?oaeo e?aaeeoiuo aeiaiai?ia, caeeth/aiiuo
?aiaa;
a iineaaeiai iioaeeeiaaiiii io/aoa aeae iieioth ea?oeio naiaai
oeiainiaiai iieiaeaiey.
A ?acaeaea «Oa?aeoa?enoeea e?aaeeoa» iiae?iaii eceaaathony oneiaey
e?aaeeoa, a eiaiii aeae nnoaeu, noiia, i?ioeaioiay noaaea, oeaea
iiaaoaiey e iaania/aiea. Oeacaiu ana o/anoieee naeaeee, aeaeaaony nnueea
ia aeieaiaia iaycaoaeuenoai e aeieoiaio ia iaania/aiee e?aaeeoa.
A ?acaeaea «ia?aie/eaathuea oneiaey» noi?ioee?iaaiu i?aaeea, eioi?uo
aeieaeai i?eaea?aeeaaoueny caaiuee a oa/aiee anaai ia?eiaea aeaenoaey
nnoaeu:
iiaeaea?aeeaaoue ii?aaeaeaiiue o?iaaiue iai?ioiiai eaieoaea;
iiaeaea?aeeaaoue noaaeeueiue o?iaaiue aeoeeiia?iiai eaieoaea;
niaethaeaoue onoaiiaeaiioth aaee/eio aaeainiauo eiyooeoeeaioia
(eiyooeoeeaioa eeeaeaeiinoe e o.ae.);
?aaoey?ii i?aaenoaaeyoue oeiainiaua io/aou, iiaeaioiaeaiiua n
niaethaeaieai anao iauai?eiyouo aooaaeoa?neeo i?aaee;
niiauaoue aaieo i ethaii oooaeoaiee oeiainiaiai iieiaeaiey e i ethauo
iaaeaaii?eyoiuo naeaeaao;
?aaoey?ii oiea/eaaoue iaeiae e i?i/ea iaycaoaeuenoaa, eioi?ua a neo/aa
iaoieaou iiaoo i?eaanoe e iaeiaeaieth a?anoa ia eiouanoai;
niaea?aeaoue a ii?yaeea e iaania/eaaoue iaiaoiaeeiue ?aiiio caeaiee e
iai?oaeiaaiey;
iaania/eoue ?aaioieeai aaiea aiciiaeiinoue ianeaaeiaaoue aooaaeoa?neea
eieae eiiiaiee ia i?aaeiao auyaeaiey eo eaeaioe/iinoe aeaiiui,
i?eaaaeaiiui a io/aoao.
A ?acaeaea «Cai?auathuea oneiaey» oeacaiu aeaenoaey, eioi?ua ia aeieaeiu
i?iecaiaeeony caaiueeii:
ia i?iaeaaaoue eee caeeaaeuaaoue aeoeau (e?iia neo/aaa, eiaaea yoi
o?aaoaony aeey ii?iaeueiie ?aaiou eiiiaiee);
ia i?iaiaeeoue iioeeiiiuo naeaeie n aeoeeyie eiiiaiee eee ae?oaeo
iia?aoeee n ion?i/aiiui aiciauaieai n?aaenoa;
ia auaeaaaoue aa?aioee ii aeieaai ae?oaeo i?aaei?eyoee;
ia ?anoe?youe nenoaio o/anoee a ae?oaeo i?aaei?eyoeyo;
ia i?iecaiaeeoue oaeeo eciaiaiee a ?oeiaiaeyueo i?aaiao eiiiaiee,
eioi?ua iiaeeyee au ia aa iieeoeeo.
A ?acaeaea «Iaauiieiaiea oneiaee e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey» i?eaiaeyony
neo/ae, eioi?ua neaaeoao o?aeoiaaoue eae «iaauiieiaiea» eee «ia?ooaiea»
aeiaiai?a:
iaoieaoa i/a?aaeiiai ieaoaaea ii nnoaea;
ia?ooaiea iaeiiai ec ia?aie/eaathueo eee cai?auathueo oneiaee;
iauyaeaiee aaie?ionoaa eee eeeaeaeaoeee aeaea.
A ?acaeaea «Naieoeee a neo/aa ia?ooaiey oneiaee niaeaoaiey»
ia?a/eneyaony neaaeothuaa:
o?aaiaaiey iaiaaeeaiiiai iiaaoaiey anae inoathuaeny noiiu aeieaa e
i?ioeaioia ii iae;
o?aaiaaiey aeiiieieoaeueiiai iaania/aiey eee aa?aioee;
i?aai aaiea iiaaneoue inoaaoeeny aeiea ca n/ao n?aaenoa, eiathueony ia
oaeouai n/aoa caaiueea.
Ia ana e?aaeeoiua niaeaoaiey niaea?aeao ana oeacaiiua ?acaeaeu e ioieou,
ii iaeioi?ua iiiaiou – oa?aeoa?enoeea e?aaeeoa, iaycaiiinoe e?aaeeoi?a e
caaiueea, /oi iiieiaaony iiae ia?ooaieai aeiaiai?a – iaycaoaeueii
i?enoonoaotho a aeieoiaioa i e?aaeeoiie naeaeea.
Niaeaoaiea iiaeienuaatho i?aaenoaaeoaee aaiea e eiiiaiee, a anee ioaeii
aa?aio. Iinea yoiai eiiieaeo anao aeieoiaioia ia?aaeaaony eeeaioo, a
ae?oaie eiiieaeo n nii?iaiaeeoaeueiuie aeieoiaioaie eaeao a e?aaeeoiia
aeinuea aaiea. Iioii a yoi aeinuea iiaeoeaathony ana io/aou eiiiaiee,
ia?aienea, caiene oaeaoiiiuo ia?aaiai?ia e o.ae.
1.5.4 E?aaeeoiue iiieoi?eia.
Eiio?ieue ca oiaeii iiaaoaiey nnoaeu e auieaoie i?ioeaioia ii iae
neoaeeo aaaeiui yoaiii anaai i?ioeanna e?aaeeoiaaiey. Ii caeeth/aaony a
ia?eiaee/aneii aiaeeca e?aaeeoiiai aeinuea caaiueea, ia?aniio?a
e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey aaiea, ioeaiea ninoiyiey nnoae e i?iaaaeaiee
aoaeeoi?neeo i?iaa?ie.
E?aaeeoiue a?oea yoi aaca e?aaeeoiiai iiieoi?eiaa. Oai
nin?aaeioa/eaaaony any iaiaoiaeeiay aeieoiaioaoeey – oeiainiaua io/aou,
ia?aienea, aiaeeoe/aneea iaci?u e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe, caeiaiaua
aeieoiaiou e o.ae.
Eaaeaeue aaie eiaao naith nenoaio aaaeaiey e?aaeeoiiai aeinuea. Iau/ii
aeieoiaiou na?oiie?iaaiu a neaaeothuea ?acaeaeu:
aeieoiaiou ii nnoaea (eiiee e?aaeeoiuo niaeaoaiee, aeieaiauo
iaycaoaeuenoa, aa?aioeeiuo ienai, naeaeaoaeuenoai ia i?aai iiaeiene
aeieoiaioia);
oeiainiaay e yeiiiie/aneay eioi?iaoeey (aaeainu, io/aou i i?eaueyo e
oauoeao, aiaeeoe/aneea oaaeeoeu, io/aou i aeaiaaeiuo iinooieaieyo,
aecian-ieaiu, iaeiaiaua aeaeea?aoeee);
cai?inu e io/aou i e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe (ni?aee e?aaeeoiuo aaaionoa,
oaeaoiiiua cai?inu, ia?aienea);
iaoa?eaeu ii iaania/aieth nnoaeu (aeieoiaiou i i?aaa anooieaiey ai
aeaaeaiea, oeiainiaua naeaeaoaeuenoaa i caeiaa, aeieoiaiou i ia?aaea/a
i?aa ii aeeaaeai e oeaiiui aoiaaai, caeeaaeiua e o.i.);
ia?aienea e iaiyoiua caienee (ia?aienea n eeeaioii ii aii?inai e?aaeeoa,
caiene oaeaoiiiuo ?acaiai?ia, ni?aaee i ninoiyiee oaeouaai n/aoa
eeeaioa).
Eae oaea aiai?eeinue, e?aaeeoiue ii?ooaeue neoaeeo aeaaiui enoi/ieeii
?enea i?e ?aciauaiee aeoeaia. Io no?oeoo?u e ea/anoaa ii?ooaey aaiea a
cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie caaeneo onoie/eainoue aaiea, aai ?aiooaoeey, aai
oeiainiaue oniao. Iiyoiio ai anao aaieao aaaeaony eiio?ieue ca ea/anoaii
nnoae, iaoiaeyueony a ii?ooaea, i?iaiaeeony iacaaeneiay yenia?oeca e
auyaeaiea neo/aaa ioeeiiaiey io i?eiyouo noaiaea?oia e oeaeae e?aaeeoiie
iieeoeee aaiea. E?aaeeoiua ?aaioieee e aunoea neoaeauea aieiaoaeueii
aiaeece?otho ninoaa ii?ooaey n oeaeueth auyaeaiey /?acia?iie
eiioeaio?aoeee e?aaeeoia a ii?aaeaeaiiuo io?aneyo eee o ioaeaeueiuo
caaiueeia, a oaeaea i?iaeaiiuo nnoae, o?aaothueo aieiaiey ni noi?iiu
aaiea.
I?ia?aiiu eiio?iey iaae e?aaeeoiui ii?ooaeai caaenyo io oeia aaiea, aai
niaoeeaeecaoeee, i?eiyouo oai iaoiaeia ioeaiee e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe.
Iai?eia?, aaie, auaeaaoee iiiai e?aaeeoia i?aaei?eyoeyi a io?aneyo,
ia?aaeeaathueo niaae i?iecaiaenoaa, iiaeao i?iaiaeeoue nenoaiaoe/aneoth
i?iaa?eo aeae naieo caaiueeia eaaeaeua 2 -3 ianyoea. *anoi i?eiaiyaony
aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiue iiaeoiae: iaeaieaa iaaeaaeiua e?aaeeou
iiaeaa?aathony i?iaa?ea iaeei ?ac a aiae, oiaaea eae i?iaeaiiua nnoaeu
o?aaotho iinoiyiiiai aiaeeca e eiio?iey.
Aua iaeei aa?eaio: iinoiyiiue eiio?ieue ca e?oiiuie nnoaeaie e
ia?eiaee/aneee – ii nnoaeai ieaea ii?aaeaeaiiie aaee/eiu. I?iaa?ea
nnoaeu iiaeao ninoiyoue a iiaoi?iii aiaeeca oeiainiauo io/aoia,
iinauaiee i?aaei?eyoey caaiueea, i?iaa?ea aeieoiaioaoeee, iaania/aiey e
o.ae. i?e eiio?ieueiie aiiaue ?anniao?eaaaony aii?in i niioaaonoaee
aeaiiie nnoaeu oeaeyi e onoaiiaeai e?aaeeoiie iieeoeea aaiea,
aiaeece?oaony e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoue e oeiainiaia ninoiyiea caaiueea,
?aioaaaeueiinoue iia?aoeee e o.ae.
Iiiaea aaiee a oiaea i/a?aaeiie eiio?ieueiie i?iaa?ee i?enaaeaatho
nnoaeai ?aeoeia, i?aaenoaaeythuee eoiaiaoth ioeaieo e?aaeeoa ii ?yaeo
ia?aiao?ia.
Eeanneoeeaoeey nnoae ii ?aeoeiao iicaieyao aaieo eiio?iee?iaaoue ninoaa
e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey. Aeiionoei, /oi ii ?acoeueoaoai iineaaeiae i?iaa?ee
“e?eoe/aneea nnoaeu” ninoaaeytho 5% anaai ii?ooaey, oiaaea eae ?aiaa iie
ninoaaeyee ia aieaa 1.5% . Iaiaoiaeeii auynieoue i?e/eiu oooaeoaiey
ii?ooaey e i?eiyoue ia?u e eni?aaeaieth iieiaeaiey . anee ?ino
e?eoe/aneeo nnoae naycai n caaiueeaie a ii?aaeaeaiiie io?anee oicyenoaa
eee n ii?aaeaeaiiui aeaeii e?aaeeoa, neaaeoao nie?aoeoue auaea/o yoeo
nnoae. Ia iniiaa i?iaa?ee iiaeao auoue aeaia ioeaiea ?aaiou ioaeaeueiuo
e?aaeeoiuo einiaeoi?ia e iiae?acaeaeaiee aaiea.
Aeaaa 2
Iaoiaeu eniieueciaaiey nenoaiiiai aiaeeca a i?ioeannao oi?aaeaiey.
2.1. I?aaeiao e caaea/e nenoaiiiai aiaeeca.
Nenoaiiua enneaaeiaaiey – yoi niaieoiiinoue iao/iuo e oaoie/aneeo
i?iaeai, eioi?ua i?e anae eo niaoeeoeea e ?aciiia?acee noiaeiu a
iiieiaiee enneaaeoaiuo iauaeoia eae nenoaiu. Oeaeue nenoaiiiai
enneaaeiaaiey – iieo/aiea iiaie ia?u aeey iauaeoa, n oi/ee c?aiey
oeaeiai, auyaeaiea oeaeinoiinoe iauaeoa. Niaea?aeaiea nenoaiiiai
enneaaeiaaiey caeeth/aaony a ?aoaiee aeaoo i?iaeai:
i?iaeaiu nenoaiiiai auaeaeaiey iauaeoa, eco/aiea acaeiinaycae aai
yeaiaioia, yia?aeaeaioiuo naienoa, iaoaieciia aai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey e
?acaeoey
i?iaeaiu nenoaiiiai iiaeaee?iaaiey iauaeoa ii iaeioi?ui caaeaiiui
naienoaai; ?aoaiea yoie i?iaeaiu iaiaoiaeeii aeey nicaeaiey iiauo eee
i?aia?aciaaiey nouanoaothueo nenoai.
Nenoaiiia enneaaeiaaiea ?aaeecoaony iin?aaenoaii nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea e
nenoaiiiai aiaeeca. Nenoaiiue iiaeoiae anoue iauee iaoiae enneaaeiaaiey
iauaeoa eae oeaeiai, oi anoue eae niaieoiiinoe yeaiaioia, iaoiaeyueony
ai acaeiiaeaenoaee. Nenoaiiue aiaeec aunooiaao eae eiiieaen
niaoeeaeueiuo i?ioeaaeo?, i?eaiia e iaoiaeia, iaania/eaathueo
?aaeecaoeeth nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea.
Nenoaiiue aiaeec ecaanoai, aeaaiui ia?acii, eae iaoiaeieiaey ?aoaiey
i?iaeaiu. I?e yoii i?iaeaio iiaeii i?aaenoaaeyoue eae caiaio
nouanoaothuae nenoaiu iiaie, oniaa?oainoaiaaiiie, eee eae i?ioeann
nicaeaiey iiaie nenoaiu, eee eae i?ioeann niaa?oainoaiaaiey
ii?aaeaeaiiie iaeanoe aeayoaeueiinoe.
Nenoaiiue aiaeec o?aeooaony e eae iaoiaeieiaey oi?aaeaiey. Niaeanii yoie
o?aeoiaea nenoaiiue aiaeec – yoi aiieia eiie?aoiia oai?aoeei-i?eeeaaeiia
iai?aaeaiea enneaaeiaaiee, iniiaaiiia ia nenoaiiie iaoiaeieiaee e
oa?aeoa?ecothuaany ii?aaeaeaiiuie i?eioeeiaie, iaoiaeaie e iaeanoueth
i?eiaiaiey.
Nenoaiiue aiaeec i?aaeiacia/ai aeey ?aoaiey a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
neaaino?oeoo?eciaaiiuo i?iaeai, oi anoue i?iaeai, ninoaa yeaiaioia e
acaeiinaycae eioi?uo onoaiiaeai oieueei /anoe/ii, caaea/, aicieeathueo,
eae i?aaeei, a neooaoeeyo, oa?aeoa?ecoaiuo iaee/eai oaeoi?a
iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe e niaea?aeaueo iaoi?iaeecoaiua yeaiaiou. Iauaeo
nenoaiiiai a i?eeeaaeiii aniaeoa – ?acee/iua eiie?aoiua i?iaeaiu,
aicieeathuea i?e nicaeaiee e ooieoeeiie?iaaiee nenoaiu. ?acoeueoaoii
eioi?iai yaeyaony ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii nicaeaieth iiauo eee
oniaa?oainoaiaaiiuo nenoai.
A ioee/ea io iiiaeo iaoe, aeaaiie oeaeueth eioi?uo yaeyaony ioe?uoea e
oi?ioee?iaaiea iauaeoeaiuo caeiiia e caeiiiia?iinoae, i?enoueo i?aaeiaoo
eco/aiey, nenoaiiue aiaeec a iniiaiii iai?aaeai ia au?aaioeo eiie?aoiuo
?aeiiaiaeaoeee, a oii /enea e ia iniiaa eniieueciaaiey oai?aoe/aneeo
aeinoeaeaiee ?acee/iuo iaoe a i?eeeaaeiuo oeaeyo.
2.2. Caaea/e nenoaiiiai aiaeeca a oi?aaeaiee e?aaeeoaie aaiea.
Aaiee ii?aaeaeaiiiai ?aaeiia, a iaoai neo/aa, iaoiaeyueany a Eu?aucneie
?anioaeeea, a niaieoiiinoe ia?acotho aaieianeee naeoi? eee aaieianeoth
nenoaio. Aaie – yoi yeaiaio nenoaiu, a aaieianeee naeoi? nenoaiiue
iauaeo eee i?inoi nenoaia. E eae o anao nenoai o aaieianeie anoue oa aea
naienoaa:
Oeaeinoiinoue – ana aaiee eiio?iee?othony Aeaaiui aaieii e inouanoaeytho
naith aeayoaeueiinoue ia iniiaa iaeieo e oao aea caeiiia e ii?iaoeaiuo
aeoao, au?aaaouaaaiuo eiio?iee?othuei o/?aaeaeaieai. Oaeei ia?acii
aeaiiua caeiiu e aeou iauaaeeiytho aaiee iaaeaeyy aa ea/anoaii oeaeiai,
?ani?ino?aiyynue ia oieueei ia eiie?aoiue yeaiaio nenoaiu, a ia aanue
nenoaiiue iauaeo.
Ioiineoaeueiay iainiaeaiiinoue aaieianeie nenoaiu caeeth/aaony a oii,
/oi iniiaiay eo aeayoaeueiinoue naycaia ae?oa n ae?oaii. Caeiiu e
ii?iaoeaiua aeou iainiaeytho aaieianeee naeoi? a ioaeaeueioth
iiaenenoaio yeiiiieee, iaaeaeyy aa ii?aaeaeaiiuie ooieoeeyie e
caaea/aie.
Iaee/ea naycae ni n?aaeie – aaiee ia iiaoo iaieoenue aac naycae n
aiaoiae n?aaeie. I?aaiecaoeee, i?aaei?eyoey, ainoaea?noaaiiua
o/?aaeaeaiey yaeyynue /anoueth yeiiiieee oaeaea yaeythony iaiouaieaiuie
iauaeoaie aiaoieo naycae aaieia, ionoonoaea eioi?uo noaaeo niune
nouanoaiaaiey aaieianeie nenoaiu iiae aii?in: Ioaeia ee aaieianeay
nenoaia aac aeaiiuo naycae?
Iaee/ea yeaiaioia e naycae iaaeaeo ieie – a aaieianeie nenoaia
i?aeoe/anee ia nouanoaotho yeaiaioia, ia eiathueo oaniuo, a aeaaiia
iaiaoiaeeiuo naycae n ae?oaeie yeaiaioaie.
A oaeaea aeaaiia naienoai aaieianeie nenoaiu iiae/eiaiiinoue anae
i?aaiecaoeee nenoaiu iaeiie oeaee – oeiainiaia iin?aaeie/anoai iaaeaeo
i?aaiecaoeeyie e i?aaei?eyoeyie e ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea naiaiaeiuo
oeiainiauo n?aaenoa oai i?aaei?eyoeyi e io?aneyi aaea iie o?aaothony.
Yeaiaiou aaieianeiai naeoi?a – aaiee, – oae aea iiaoo auoue ?anniio?aiu,
eae nenoaiu iniaiai eeanna. Aaie eae nenoaia eiaao oaeea aea naienoaa,
eae e aaieianeee naeoi?, e yaeyynue aa iiaenenoaiie ii auiieiyao caaea/e
e ooieoeee iai?aaeaiiua ia aeinoeaeaiea caaea/ e ooieoeee aaieianeie
nenoaiu.
Aaie, eae nenoaia, yaeyaony aeinoaoi/ii neiaeiie nenoaiie, ni iiiaeie
yeaiaioaie, eiathueo neooaoeee, oa?aeoa?ecoaiuo iaee/eai oaeoi?a
iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe. Oaeeie oaeoi?aie yaeythony aaieianeea ?enee: ?ene
eeeaeaeiinoe, i?ioeaioiue ?ene, oeiainiaue ?ene, aaethoiue ?ene, a
oaeaea e?aaeeoiue ?ene.
E?aaeeoiue ?ene – yoi ?ene iaaica?aoa eeeaioii aaieo caeinoaiaaiiuo
n?aaenoa. A oae eae e?aaeeoiaaiea yaeyaony iaeiie ec i?eaueueiuo
iia?aoeee aaieia, oi oiaiueoeoue yoio ?ene ia oionoea aiciiaeiinoe
iieo/aiey aeioiaea, iiaeii eeoue iinoiyiii eiio?iee?oy e?aaeeoiue
ii?ooaeue aaiea. Eiio?iee?iaaiea e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey aaiea ia icia/aao
auaea/o caaaaeiii iaaica?aoiiai e?aaeeoa, i?ioeann iaaethaeaiey ca iei,
e acuneaiea e?aaeeoia n aeieaeieeia. A iii i?aaeiieaaaao: ioeaieo
e?aaeeoa aei auaea/e; ?aaiiia?iia ?ani?aaeaeaiea e?aaeeoia ii io?aneyi,
n yeiiiie/aneie oi/ee c?aiey yooaeoeaiuo, n oeaeueth oiaiueoaiey
io?aneaaiai ?enea; iinoiyiiue eiio?ieue ca e?aaeeoii, n oeaeueth
iiaeaea?aeee ea/anoaa e?aaeeoa; eiio?ieue ca i?aauoaieai iauaia
e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey iaae noiiie iaycaoaeuenoa aaiea.
Nenoaiiue aiaeec ia iniiaa eiaeei-aiaeeoe/aneeo i?eaiia i?aaeiieaaaao
oeaeaiai?aaeaiiia eco/aiea ?aaiou aaieianeie nenoaiu a oeaeii, e aaiea a
ioaeaeueiinoe, eo ooieoeeiiaeueii i?aaie/aneeo no?oeoo? aianoa ni anae
niaieoiiinoueth aiaoieo e aioo?aiieo naycae n oeaeueth auyaeaiey
iaaeinoaoeia e «oceeo iano» yoeo nenoai e iiaeaioiaea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii
oeo/oaieth ooieoeeiie?iaaiey e i?iaiice?iaaieth eo ?acaeoey a oneiaeyo
eioi?iaoeeiiiie iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe.
Aeaaa 3
Nenoaiiue aiaeec oi?aaeaiey e?aaeeoaie.
3.1. Aiaeec e?aaeeoiuo caaeieaeaiiinoae a 1995 e 1996 aiaeao.
?aaioa aaieianeie nenoaiu ethaiai ainoaea?noaa ii?aaeaeyaony, i?aaeaea
anaai, eiia/iuie ?acoeueoaoaie, i?aaenoaaeaiiuie a n?aaiaiee.
Ca 1995 aiae e?aaeeoiay caaeieaeaiiinoue anao eiiia?/aneeo aaieia e
ia/aeo aiaea ninoaaeyea 1882,0 iei. niiia, a na?aaeeia ?anniao?eaaaiiai
ia?eiaea iia aeinoeaea iaeaieueoaai o?iaiy a ieoya?a ianyoea
oaaee/eaoenue ia 14,25 %. E eiioeo aiaea e?aaeeoiay caaeieaeaiiinoue
ia/aea nieaeaoueny ninoaaea 1964,6 iei. niiia, a e ia/aeo aiaea
oaaee/eaoenue ia 4,34 %. I?e yoii oaaee/aiea caaeieaeaiiinoe a iniiaiii
auei ii i?e/eia i?in?i/aiiuo e?aaeeoia ninoaaeaoeo e 1 ethey ii anae
aaieianeie nenoaia 893,3 iei. nii, /oi a 1,45 ?aca aieueoa , /ai a
ia/aea aiaea (615,2 iei. nii) e ninoaaeei 47% io anae nnoaeiie
caaeieaeaiiinoe. I?e yoii o/eouaaeny oio oaeo, /oi aieueoay /anoue ?aiaa
auaeaiiuo oeaio?aeeciaaiiuo e?aaeeoia a ai?aea 1994 aiaea auea
ia?aioi?ieaia a n?aaeian?i/iua e iiyoiio ia aoiaeee a aaeain aaieia eae
i?in?i/aiiua. Anee o/anoue eo aeieth, oi i?in?i/aiiua e?aaeeou ninoaayo
iiaeaaeythuoth /anoue e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey. Oae, e eiioeo aiaea,
i?in?i/aiiay caaeieaeaiiinoue aic?inea a oeaeii ia 38,8 %.
Neooaoeey a aaieianeie nenoaia e ia/aeo 1996 aiaea noaea ?acei
iaiyoueny. A ?acoeueoaoa cae?uoey Eu?aucyeaaiea noiia?iay e?aaeeoiay
caaeieaeaiiinoue aaieianeiai naeoi?a oiaiueoeeanue ia 400 iei. nii. A a
?acoeueoaoa cae?uoey aua 3 aaieia a iaa 1996 aiaea, noiia?iay e?aaeeoiay
caaeieaeaiiinoue nieceeanue ia 1 ie?ae. niiia. Oaeia ?aceia oiaiueoaiea
nnoaeiie caaeieaeaiiinoe i?iecioei a ?acoeueoaoa i?ae?auaiey
aeayoaeueiinoe aaieia AEIA «I?eaio», AIEA «Oai-Oai» e a /anoiinoe AE
«Aa?ii?iiaaiea», nnoaeiay caaeieaeaiiinoue eioi?iai ninoaaeyei ii/oe 52
% io iauae noiiu caaeieaeaiiinoe aaieianeie nenoaiu. Iauay aea noiia
iaaeaenoaothueo e?aaeeoia eeeaeaee?iaaiiuo a ?anioaeeea aaieia ieiei 1,5
ie?ae. nii. Ii yoiio aieaciaiiiio aii?ino Yeiiiie/aneee niaaoiee IAE?
E.I. Oeuieaeiaa neacaea, /oi «i?iuaiea yoeo aeieaia, auei au, iyaei
aiai?y, ia i?aaeeueiui e n yeiiiie/aneie e iieeoe/aneie oi/ee c?aiey –
ethaie nnoaeicaaiuee aeieaeai /aoei onaieoue , /oi e?aaeeo i?eaeaony
aica?auaoue iacaaeneii io oiai eeeaeaee?oaony aaie eee iao…».
Iiyoiio a ?aieao I?ia?aiiu ?aoi?ie?iaaiey Oeiainiaiai Naeoi?a (FINSAC)
nicaeaii Aaaionoai ii ?ai?aaiecaoeee aaieia e ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeee aeieaia
(DEBRA), aeaenoaothuea io eiaie Iaoeeiiaeueiiai Aaiea E? e
?anii?yaeathuayny aeoeaaie e ianneaaie ?ai?aaiecoaiuo aaieia.
A i?eioeeia, eeeaeaeaoeey oeacaiiuo aaieia iaei iiaeeyea ia iauaiu
e?aaeeoiaaiey, i?ioeaioioth noaaeo e iauaiu iieoiee AEA. Iie aeieaia
a?aiy ia o/anoaiaaee ia iaaeaaieianeii ?uiea e inoaaaeenue ii nooe
i?inoi iaaethaeaoaeyie.
*oi eanaaony no?oeoo?u e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey, oi caeanue ioaeii
ioiaoeoue, /oi aaiee ia/aee aieaa a?aiioii iiaeoiaeeoue e aa
oi?ie?iaaieth. Iaoeeiiaeueiui aaieii auee aaaaeaiu o?aaiaaiey ii
eeanneoeeaoeee e?aaeeoia ia
ii?iaeueiua;
oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiua;
e?aaeeou iiae iaaethaeaieai;
noanoaiaea?oiua;
niiieoaeueiua;
oauoi/iua.
Eaaeaeay eeanneoeeaoeey niioaaonoaoao ii?aaeaeaiiiio ea/anoao e?aaeeoa,
aaea e?eoa?eyie aeey ioeaiee yaeythony: oeiainiaia ninoiyiea caaiueea,
i?aaeeueiia e naiaa?aiaiiia iiaaoaiea e?aaeeoa e i?ioeaioia ii e?aaeeoo,
iaee/ea e eeeaeaeiinoue caeiaa e ae?oaea e?eoa?ee io?aaeathuea noaiaiue
e?aaeeoiiai ?enea. Aaiee ia iniiaa i?iaaaeaiiie eeanneoeeaoeee iaycaiu
nicaeaaaoue ?aca?a ia iie?uoea iioaioeeaeueiuo iioa?ue e oauoeia ii
e?aaeeoai. E?aaeeou eeanneoeoee?oaiua eae ii?iaeueiua, n oi?ioei
oeiainiaui ninoiyieai caaiueea, inouanoaeythuee ?aaoey?iua auieaou ii
i?ioeaioai e e?aaeeoo, iaania/aiiue caeiaii – ia o?aaoao nicaeaiey ?IIO
eee aaie iiaeao nicaeaoue ?aca?a aei 2 % io noiiu e?aaeeoa. N
oiaiueoaieai ea/anoaa e?aaeeoa, nieaeaieai eeeaeaeiinoe caeiaa eee
ae?oaeie i?e/eiaie i?eaiaeyuei e ?eneo iaaica?aoa aaie aeieaeai
niioaaonoaaiii eeanneoeoee?iaaoue e i?iaiaeeoue niioaaonoaothuea
io/eneaiey ia ?IIO.
E?aaeeou ii eioi?ui iaycaoaeueii o?aaoaony nicaeaiea ?aca?aia yaeythony
noanoaiaea?oiua, niiieoaeueiua e oauoi/iua io/eneaiey eioi?uo a ?aca?a
io noiiu e?aaeeoia ninoaaeytho 25 %, 50 %, e 100 % niioaaonoaaiii.
Aiaeec e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey aaieia ca 1995 aiae iieacae, /oi iieiaeaiea
aeae a e?aaeeoiaaiee eiaao iieiaeeoaeueioth oaiaeaioeeth. Aeiey
ii?iaeueiuo e?aaeeoia a yiaa?a 1996 aiaeo ninoaaeei 77,5 iei. nii,
oaaeeaoenue a 3,4 ?aca n ia/aea i?aaeuaeouaai, a e eiioeo 1996 aiaea
aeiey ii?iaeueiuo e?aaeeoia ninoaaeei 12,4 % io e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey
aaieia. Oaeaea a eiioea 3 -aai eaa?oaea iaaethaeaaony oaaee/aiea
oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiuo e e?aaeeoia iiae iaaethaeaieai, eioi?ua ninoaaeee
31 % e 9,3 % niioaaonoaaiii.
Aeiey e?aaeeoia ii eioi?ui o?aaoaony iaycaoaeueiia nicaeaiea ?aca?aia a
ia/aea 1996 aiaea caiaoii oiaiueoeeinue, ii noanoaiaea?oiui e?aaeeoai
oaeaeueiue aan oiaiueoeeny n 13,10 % a ia/aea 1995 aiaea aei 8,58 % a
yiaa?a 1996 aiaea. Ii niiieoaeueiui e?aaeeoai oaeaeueiue aan oiaiueoeeny
n 14,82 % aei 9,5 %. E eiioeo aiaea oaeaeueiue aan aeaiiuo aeaoo
eaoaai?ee aic?in a no?oeoo?a e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey.
A 1996 aiaeo e?aaeeou eeanneoeoee?iaaiiua eae iioa?e ninoaaeyee 1048,3
iei. nii oiaiueoeaoenue ia 6,5 % n ia/aea i?aaeuaeouaai. Iniiaiua
iioa?e naycaiu n e?aaeeoiaaieai aa?ii?iiuoeaiiiai eiiieaena e e?aaeeoaie
auaeaiiuie , Eu?aucYeaaieii.
Oioy aeiey oauoi/iuo e?aaeeoia ia naioya?ue 1996 aiaea ninoaaeei anaai
13,6 %, eiiia?/aneei aaieii neaaeoao iinoiyiii ?aaioaoue iaae oeo/oaieai
ea/anoaa naiaai e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey ai ecaaaeaiea i?aa?auaiey
noanoaiaea?oiuo e niiieoaeueiuo e?aaeeoia a oauoi/iua.
3.1.1. Aiaeec caaeieaeaiiinoae ii n?ieai.
Iniiaiie iauai a no?oeoo?a e?aaeeoia caieiatho e?aoein?i/iua e
n?aaeian?i/iua e?aaeeou, oaeaeueiue aan eioi?uo a yiaa?a 1995 aiaea
ninoaaeye 93,3% io anae e?aaeeoiie caaeieaeaiiinoe.
Iauai aeieain?i/iuo e?aaeeoia ia/aea aiaea ninoaaeyaoee 125 iei. nii
?acei iiauneeny a oaa?aea ia 73,2 %, e eiioeo aiaea aeinoeaioa iauaia a
256,7 iei. niiia. Oaaee/aiea aeieain?i/iuo e?aaeeoiuo caaeieaeaiiinoae
eioi?iai ninoaaeei 105,4 %. A nayce n aeeeoaeueiinoueth n?iea aeaiiua
e?aaeeou eiatho oaiaeaioeeth e iacia/eoaeueiui ia?aiaiai. Oaaee/aiea
iauaia aeieain?i/iuo e?aaeeoia naycaii n auaea/ae iiauo, aaeiaiaie e
?aaioathuei e?aaeeoai. A aeaiiuo IAE? ca 1995 aiae aa?iyoii ia
o/eouaaeenue caii?iaeaiiua aeieain?i/iua e?aaeeou auaeaiiua ii
aee?aeoeaiui iinoaiiaeaieyi I?aaeoaeuenoaa, a a aeaiiuo ca 1996 aiae eo
o/ee, aeey ioia?aaeaiey aeaenoaeoaeueiiai ninoiyiey. Iiyoiio ia a?aoeea
aeaeii, eae i?iecioei ?aceia oiaiueoaiea iauaia aeieain?i/iuo e?aaeeoia
a nayce n eeeaeaeaoeeae oaea ecaanoiuo aai aaieia.
Aeiey e?aoein?i/iuo e n?aaeian?i/iuo e?aaeeoia eiathueo ei?ioeee ia?eiae
ia?auaiey e naciiiue oa?aeoa? oaaee/eaoenue e na?aaeeia 1996 aiaea,
oiaiueoeeny a eiioea, ninoaaea 86, 85 % io iauae noiiu caaeieaeaiiinoe.
Eiiia?/aneea aaiee ii naiae i?e?iaea yaeythony e?aoein?i/iuie
e?aaeeoi?aie. I?e/eiie yoiai yaeyaony oi, /oi iie ia?aie/aiu a
oi?ie?iaaiee ei?ceiu i?iaeoeoia enoi/ieeaie oeiaine?iaaiey eioi?ua
i?aaenoaaeytho cia/eoaeueiua e?aoein?i/iua aeaiiceou n aunieie
noaiaiueth eeeaeaeiinoe e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, n iaii?aaeaeaiiie
aeinooiiinoueth a aoaeouai (e iaii?aaeaeaiiie oeaiie). Aeey ia?aie/aiey
?enea a ii?aaeaeaiiuo i?aaeaeao aaieai i?eoiaeeony neiioeaio?e?iaaoueny
ia e?aoein?i/iuo e?aaeeoao.
3.1.2. Aiaeec caaeieaeaiiinoae ii io?aneyi.
?acaeaiea no?oeoo?u e?aaeeoia ii io?aneyi, iaaeyaeii iieacuaatho
i?aaeii/oeoaeueiia iai?aaeaiea e?aaeeoiuo aeiaeaiee aaieia a yeiiiieeo.
A 1995 aiaeo iniiaiuie iauaeoaie e?aaeeoiaaiey auee i?aaiecaoeee
oi?aiaee, /anoiua a?aaeaeaia e ianaeaiea.
I/aiue iaeia eiee/anoai e?aaeeoiuo aeiaeaiee iai?aaeyeinue a
no?ieoaeuenoai. A 1995 aiaeo e?aoein?i/iay e?aaeeoiay caaeieaeaiiinoue
no?ieoaeueiuo i?aaiecaoeee ninoaaeyea a ia/aea aiaea 300 oun. niiia, e
oaaee/eaoenue a eiioea aiaea aei 1 iei. 400 oun. niiia. Aeieain?i/iia
e?aaeeoiaaiea no?ieoaeuenoaa a 1995 aiaeo ia i?iecaiaeeeinue. A 1996
aiaeo e?aaeeoiaaiea no?ieoaeuenoaa i?iecaiaeeeinue i?aeiouanoaaiii ii
n?aaeian?i/iui e?aaeeoai. Iauee iauai aeaiiie eaoaai?ee e?aaeeoia
ninoaaee 228 080,3 oun. nii.
E?aaeeoiay caaeieaeaiiinoue i?iiuoeaiiinoe, a iniiaiii aeieain?i/iay,
auaeaiiua I?aaeoaeuenoaii a 1993-94 aiaeao, ninoaaeyei 4 % io anae
e?aaeeoiie caaeieaeaiiinoe a 1995 aiaeo. A 1996 iaaethaeaeinue iauaa
nieaeaiea e?aaeeoia iai?aaeaiiuo ia ?acaeoea i?iecaiaenoaa, ii e eiioeo
ia?eiaea ec-ca iiauo auaeaiiuo e?aaeeoia caaeieaeaiiinoue i?iiuoeaiiie
io?anee ninoaaeei 26 354,6 oun. nii, ii n?aaiaieth n i?aaeuaeouei
ianyoeai ninoaaeyaoee 21 737 oun. nii.
Iniaaiiinoe ?acaeoey ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa ?anioaeeee, iaoneiaeaiiua
aa?a?iie iai?aaeaiiinoueth, ieacaee aeeyiea e ia ?ani?aaeaeaiea
e?aaeeoia. Iaeaieueoay aeiey e?aaeeoiie caaeieaeaiiinoe a 1995 aiaeo
auea nin?aaeioi/aia a naeueneii oicyenoaa, e?aaeeou eioi?ui eiaee
eueaioiue oa?aeoa?. Ec noiia?iie caaeieaeaiiinoe 36 % i?eoiaeeeinue ia
naeueneia oicyenoai, 99 % eioi?uo i?eoiaeeeinue ia e?aoein?i/iua
e?aaeeou, auaeaiiua a iniiaiii «Aa?ii?iiaaieii». A 1996 aiaeo a
?acoeueoaoa cae?uoey iineaaeiaai n aaieianeie nenoaiu auea nienaia
caaeieaeaiiinoue aa?a?ieeia oaeaeueiui aanii a 26 % io anae e?aaeeoiie
caaeieaeaiiinoe, e 94 % io caaeieaeaiiinoe naeueneiai oicyenoaa. A
iniiaiii yoi auee n?aaeian?i/iua e?aaeeou io 1-ai aei 5-oe eao. A iauai
a 1996 aiaeo oaeaeueiue aan e?aaeeoiie caaeieaeaiiinoe naeueneiai
oicyenoaa nieaeaeny, a eiioea ia?eiaea ninoaaea 6 697,2 oun. nii.
Oaeaea i/aiue aieueoea aeieae auee a ia?a?aaaouaathuae io?anee e
caaioiaea nu?uey, a 1996 aiaeo iniiaiie iauai caaeieaeaiiinoe i?eoiaeee
ia n?aaeian?i/iua e aeieain?i/iua e?aaeeou.
*anoiui a?aaeaeaiai e?aaeeou auaeaaaeenue ii anai n?ieai,
i?aeiouanoaaiii e?aoein?i/iua e?aaeeou, ii oaeaea n?aaeian?i/iua e
aeieain?i/iua e?aaeeou. A oa/aiee 1996 aiaea e?aaeeou /anoiui
a?aaeaeaiai e i?aaei?eieiaoaeyi eiaee oaiaeaioeeth e oaaee/aieth.
3.1.3. Ii i?ioeaioiui noaaeai.
A 1993-94 aiaeao aaiee ec-ca aunieie eioeyoeee auioaeaeaiu auee
iiaeiyoue o?iaaiue i?ioeaioiuo noaaie aei 400 % aiaeiauo. Iniiaiay
/anoue aaieia no?ieea naith e?aaeeoioth iieeoeeo ia iaaa?iie iniiaa,
i?aaeiieaaathuae, /oi aunieea i?ioeaioiua noaaee oaaee/ao aeioiaeiinoue,
a yoi i?eaaei e oaaee/aieth a no?oeoo?a e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey aaieia
aeiee ?eneiauo, caaaaeiii iaaica?aoiuo e?aaeeoia. Aieueoeinoai aaieia
ia?aniio?aea naith e?aaeeoioth iieeoeeo a /aoaa?oie aeaeaaea 1994 aiaea.
Oae, ieaeiee i?aaeae i?ioeaioia ii e?aaeeoai o aaieia eieaaaeny io 51
aei 200 %, a oi a?aiy eae aa?oiee i?aaeae ii i?aaeiaio inoaaaeny i/aiue
aunieei – io 114 aei 360 %.
A 1995 aiaeo i?ioeaioiua noaaee oaeaea inoaaaeenue aeiaieueii aunieeie,
/oi iauyniyaony cia/eoaeueiie aeieae iaaica?aoiuo e?aaeeoia a aeoeaao
aaieia. I?ioeaioiua noaaee ii e?aaeeoai, auaeaiiui ia ?acaeoea
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie noa?u eieaaaeenue a i?aaeaeao io 90 aei 137 % a
oaa?aea ianyoea e ninoaaeee 47 – 80 % e eiioeo aiaea. Aieaa aunieea
i?ioeaioiua noaaee iaaethaeaeenue ii eiiia?/aneei e?aaeeoai, aa?oiee
i?aaeae eioi?uo aeioiaeee aei 200 % ai aoi?ii eaa?oaea 1995 aiaea n
iinoaiaiiui nieaeaieai aei 140 % a aeaeaa?a.
Nieaeaiea oaiiia eioeyoeee a 1996 aiaeo e iiaay iieeoeea IAE? ii
onoaiiaeaieth noaaee i?ioeaioia iicaieeee aaieai aea?aeaoue i?ioeaioiua
noaaee ia o?iaia 60 – 90 % aiaeiauo a ia/aea aiaea, a a aiioea aiaea
n?aaeiaacaaoaiiay i?ioeaioiay noaaea ninoaaeea 58,24 % aiaeiauo.
3.2. Aiaeec iiauo auaeaiiuo e?aaeeoia a 1996 aiaeo.
Ia 1 yiaa?y 1997 aiaea noiia?iua aeoeau eiiia?/aneeo aaieia E? ninoaaeee
1 319,8 iei. niiia. Ii n?aaiaieth n ia/aeii 1996 aiaea aeoeau
oiaiueoeeenue ia 20,5 %. Inoaoie caaeieaeaiiinoe ii e?aaeeoai, auaeaiiui
aaieaie eeeaioai ia 1 yiaa?y 1997 aiaea ninoaaee 546,4 iei. niiia, /oi a
3,1 ?aca iaiueoa /ai a i?aaeuaeouai aiaeo.
Oaeaeueiue aan e?aaeeoia e aeoeaai ninoaaee 41,4 %. Oiaiueoaiea iauaia
e?aaeeoiaaiey naycaii n aieaa aeanoeeie o?aaiaaieyie IAE? e aaieai ii
e?aaeeoiie iieeoeea, e a /anoiinoe ii io/eneaieyi ia ?aca?a ii
iioaioeeaeueiui iioa?yi e oauoeai.
A oeaeii a oa/aiee 1996 aiaea auei auaeaii e?aaeeoia ia iauoth noiio a
412 109,6 oun. nii a iaoeeiiaeueiie aaethoa, e 203 623,9 oun. nii
a eiino?aiiie aaethoa.
3.2.1. Aiaeec auaeaiiuo e?aaeeoia ii n?ieai.
Iniiaiie iauai a no?oeoo?a auaeaiiuo e?aaeeoia caieiatho e?aaeeou ia 1-3
ianyoea e e?aaeeou ia 3-6 ianyoeaa, oaeaeueiue aan eioi?uo 43 % e 37 %
niioaaonoaaiii. Aeaeaa 9 % a no?oeoo?a auaeaiiuo e?aaeeoia caieiatho
e?aaeeou n?ieii aei 1 ianyoea. Oaeaeueiue aan e?aaeeoia io 6 aei 12
ianyoeaa ninoaaeyao 6 %.
N?aaeian?i/iua e aeieain?i/iua e?aaeeou a iniiaiii auaeaaaeenue /a?ac
e?aaeeoioth eeieth AA??, iauee iauai eo ninoaaee 5,1 % io noiia?iiai
e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey aaieia. Ii aeieain?i/iui e?aaeeoai a iniiaiii
i?iecaiaeeeinue e?aaeeoiaaiea iaeeeo i?aaei?eieiaoaeae e no?ieoaeuenoaa.
3.2.2. Aiaeec auaeaiiuo e?aaeeoia ii io?aneyi.
A 1996 aiaeo aaiee aeoeaii i?iaiaeeee iia?aoeee ia iaaeaaieianeii
e?aaeeoiii ?uiea (IAE?) iauai eioi?uo ninoaaee 229 744 oun. nii (37 % io
iauae noiiu e?aaeeoia). A noa?a aea e?aaeeoiaaiey io?aneae ia?iaeiiai
oicyenoaa, iaeaieueoee iauai e?aaeeoiuo ?ano?nia auei iai?aaeaii ia
eiiia?/aneea iia?aoeee oi?aiaee (29 % io iauae noiiu e?aaeeoia), 1/3
/anoue eioi?iai auea auaeaia a aeieea?ao. Oaeaeueiue aan e?aaeeoia
auaeaiiuo /anoiui a?aaeaeaiai e i?aaei?eieiaoaeyi ninoaaee 18,75 % (a
iniiaiii e?aoein?i/iua). Iieiaeia e?aaeeoia auaeaiiia ia ?acaeoea
iaeeiai i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa auei auaeaii a eiino?aiiie aaethoa (US $).
Ia i?iecaiaenoaaiioth noa?o auei iai?aaeaii 53 088,4 oun. nii, /oi
ninoaaeyao 8,62 % io iauae noiiu auaeaiiuo e?aaeeoia a 1996 aiaeo. Aeiey
e?aaeeoia aeaiiie eaoaai?ee e?aaeeoia auaeaiiuo a eiino?aiiie aaethoa
i/aiue iecea.
E?aaeeoiaaiea io?aneae naeueneiai oicyenoaa, caaioiaee e ia?a?aaioee,
no?ieoaeuenoaa e iieoiee iaaeaeaeeiinoe i?iaiaeeeinue oieueei a
iaoeeiiaeueiie aaethoa. Oaeaeueiue aan aeaiiuo e?aaeeoia a no?oeoo?a
auaeaiiuo e?aaeeoia ninoaaeyao: naeueneia oicyenoai – 1,41 %, caaioiaea
e ia?a?aaioea – 1,47 %, no?ieoaeuenoai e iieoiea iaaeaeaeeiinoe – 2,04
%.
E?aaeeoiua aeiaeaiey a o?ainii?oioth io?aneue e naycue ninoaaeyao 10
087,1 oun. nii, oaeaeueiue aan eioi?ie 1,64 % io anao e?aaeeoiuo
aeiaeaiee. Aeiaeaiey a eiino?aiiie aaethoa ninoaaeytho 6 627,1 oun. nii.
3.2.3. Aiaeec auaeaiiuo e?aaeeoia ii i?ioeaioiui noaaeai.
A oeaeii a 1996 aiaeo i?ioeaioiua noaaee ia e?aaeeou eiaee oaiaeaioeeth
e noaaeeecaoeee.
I?ioeaiou ia e?aaeeou iai?aaeaiiua ia ?acaeoea i?iecaiaenoaaiiie noa?u
ia i?aauoaee 80 % aiaeiauo, a ieieiaeueiie caoeene?iaaiiie noaaeie auei
45 %.
A a?oiia e?aaeeoia auaeaiiuo n?ieii io 1 aei 5 eao i?iiuoeaiiui
i?aaei?eyoeyi ia ?acaeoea i?iecaiaenoaa noaaea i?ioeaioia auea
onoaiiaeaia ia o?iaia 42 – 90 %. A ii e?aaeeoai n?ieii nauoa 5 eao
noaaea i?ioeaioia onoaiiaeeanue a 20 %.
I/aiue ieceea i?ioeaioiua noaaee auee ioia/aiu a eiiia?/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe. Ieieiaeueiue i?ioeaio a 33 % aiaeiauo aue ioia/ai a
a?oiia e?aaeeoia auaeaiiuo n?ieii io 1 aei 3 ianyoeaa. Eiiia?/aneay
aeayoaeueiinoue oa?aeoa?eciaaia ei?ioeei n?ieii ia?auaiey aeaiaaeiuo
n?aaenoa, oioy io?aneaaie ?ene caeanue i/aiue aunieee, aaiee
ni?aaeythony n iei o?aaoy io caaiueeia eeeaeaeiue caeia, a ?acia?a 120 %
e aieaa.
Aeaaa 4
Iaoiaeeea nicaeaiey nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey e?aaeeoaie.
4.1. Oeaeue nicaeaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey e?aaeeoaie.
Aeey oi?aaeaiey e?aaeeoaie, aaieo ioaeii iinoiyiii i?iaiaeeoue aiaeec
naiaai e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey, nicaeaaaoue ?aca?a ii iioaioeeaeueii
iioa?yiiui e?aaeeoai e oauoeai.
Iniiaiuie caaea/aie oi?aaeaiey e?aaeeoaie yaeythony:
i?aaeeueiue e naiaa?aiaiiue o/ao e?aaeeoia e io?aaeaiea iia?aoeee ii
iei;
eiio?ieue ca ninoiyieai e?aaeeoia e auieao ii iei.
E?aaeeo – yoi oi?ia aeaeaeaiey nnoaeiiai eaieoaea. Nnoaea a aeaiaaeiie
eee oiaa?iie oi?ia ia oneiaeyo aica?aoiinoe e ieaoiinoe (oieaoa
i?ioeaioia) au?aaeaao yeiiiie/aneea ioiioaiey iaaeaeo e?aaeeoi?ii e
caaiueeii. e?aaeeou eeanneoeoee?othony ia aoeoeeiiiua, eiiaa?aeiua,
/?acau/aeiua, e?aaeeo iiae iaa?ae?aoo, ?aaieueaa?iua. O/ao e?aaeeoia
aaaeaony ii noiia iniiaiiai aeieaa niaeanii e?aaeeoiiai aeiaiai?a.
Aeaiiue oaoie/aneee i?iaeo i?aaeiacia/ai aeey aaoiiaoecaoeee o/aoa
e?aaeeoiuo ?ano?nia Iaoeeiiaeueiiai aaiea Eu?aucneie ?anioaeeee. Ii
aeeth/aao a naay aaaeaiea e?aaeeoiie ea?oioaee, ia/eneaiea i?ioeaioia,
?ano?oeoo?ecaoeee e?aaeeoia e iiaaoaiea e?aaeeoia.
A aeaiiue i?iaeo aoiaeyo neaaeothuea caaea/e:
Iano?ieea nenoaiu;
Oi?ie?iaaiea e aaaeaiea ii?iaoeaii-ni?aai/iie eioi?iaoeee;
Aaaeaiea ea?oioaee;
Iia?aoeee ii e?aaeeoai;
Io/aou.
Ia?ae/iuie aeieoiaioaie nenoaiu yaeythony E?aaeeoiia niaeaoaiea,
Aeiaiai? i caeiaa, ?anii?yaeaiey e Ieaoaaeiua ii?o/aiey.
4.2. Eioi?iaoeeiiiay nenoaia oi?aaeaiey e?aaeeoaie.
4.2.1. Iano?ieea nenoaiu.
Iano?ieea nenoaiu i?aaeiacia/aia aeey i?aaeeueiiai e naiaa?aiaiiiai
ia/eneaiey i?ioeaioia ii e?aaeeoai, a oaeaea aeey i?aaeeueiiai
niaethaeaiey ?aaeaiaioa ii i?iaiaeeiui iia?aoeeyi. Iano?ieee nenoaiu
o?aiyony a oaaeeoea aacu aeaiiuo n eiaiai ‘SETUP’.
Oaaeeoea iano?ieee SETUP:
TODAY oaeouay aeaoa
FUT_DAT aoaeouay aeaoa ia/eneaiey i?ioeaioia
LST_DAT aeaoa iineaaeiaai ia/eneaiey
Iiea TODAY niaea?aeeo oaeouoth aeaoo, eae aeaoo i?iaaaeaiey iia?aoeee.
Iiea FUT_DAT – o?aieo cia/aiea aeaou i/a?aaeiiai ia/eneaiey i?ioeaioia.
Iinea oiai eae auea onoaiiaeaia oaeouay aeaoa neaaeoao i?iaa?ea
onoaiiaeaiiie aeaou e cia/aiey iiey FUT_DAT. A neo/aa anee onoaiiaeaiiay
aeaoa i?aauoaao cia/aiea iiey FUT_DAT, oi iaiaoiaeeii iaiiiieoue
iieueciaaoaeth i ia/eneaiee i?ioeaioia e cai?aoeoue ana ae?oaea
iia?aoeee, ca eneeth/aieai iia?aoeee ia/eneaiey i?ioeaioia. A iinea
oiai, eae iieueciaaoaeue auiieieo oeacaiiua oneiaey, aeaaony ?ac?aoaiea
ia ?aaioo n i?ia?aiiiui eiiieaenii a iieiii iauaia. Iiea FUT_DAT
caaeaaony iia?aoi?ii iinea eaaeaeiai ia?eiaee/aneiai ia/eneaiey
i?ioeaioia, e caaeaaony aieueoa TODAY, neaaeothuaa eciaiaiea aeaiiiai
iiey ?ac?aoeoue oieueei iinea i/a?aaeiiai ia/eneaiey ia?eiaee/aneeo
i?ioeaioia. A iiea LST_DAT oaeaea i?eieiaao cia/aiea iiey FUT_DAT iinea
eaaeaeiai ia?eiaee/aneiai ia/eneaiey i?ioeaioia, ii oieueei ia?aae
eciaiaieai iiey FUT_DAT.
4.2.2. Oi?ie?iaaiea e aaaeaiea ii?iaoeaii-ni?aai/iie eioi?iaoeee.
Aeaiiue ?aaeei i?aaeiacia/ai aeey nicaeaiey e aaaeaiey a aaca aeaiiuo
oaaeeoe ii?iaoeaii-ni?aai/iie eioi?iaoeee e ioia?aaeaiey eo ii cai?inai
iieueciaaoaey. Aoiaeiie aeieoiaioaoeeae aeey aaaeaiey ni?aai/ieeia
yaeythony neaaeothuea aeieoiaiou:
ooaoiia ?anienaiea aeey ni?aai/ieeia iiae?acaeaeaiee e
iaoa?eaeueii-ioaaonoaaiiuo eeoe;
eeanneoeeaoi? e?aaeeoia;
eeanneoeeaoi? ea/anoaa e?aaeeoia;
Auoiaeiie eioi?iaoeeae yaeythony ni?aai/iua oaaeeoeu aaca aeaiiuo:
Ni?aai/iee aeaea e?aaeeoa. CREDITTYPE
Ni?aai/iee eeoe ioaaonoaaiiuo ca e?aaeeo. PERSON
Ni?aai/iee aeaeia eiienneiiiuo nai?ia. COMSB
Ni?aai/iee eeanneoeeaoeee e?aaeeoia CLASS
Ana ni?aai/ieee aeieaeiu auoue iino?iaiu oaeei ia?acii, /oiau eiaee
iaeiioeiiue oa?aeoa?, o.a. ana ?aaeeiu ii oi?aaeaieth ni?aai/ieeaie auee
iaeeiaeiauie, iai?eia?, i?e oaeaeaiee caiene a ni?aai/ieeao aeieaeia
auoue caaeaenoaiaaia iaeia e oa aea “ai?y/ay eeaaeoa” e, i?e auiieiaiee
yoiai ?aaeeia iaiaoiaeei aeeaeia n iieueciaaoaeai n niiauaieai
eioi?iaoeee i iineaaenoaeyo oaeaeaiey.
?aaeeiu e cae?aieaiiua ca iei ai?y/ea eeaaeoe:
?aaeei Ai?y/ay eeaaeoa
Iiiiuue F1
Aeiaaaeaiea caiene F2
Iaeoe caienue F3
Oaeaeeoue caienue F4
Aucaaoue ae?oaie ni?aai/iee F5
Ia/aoue ni?aai/ieea F6
Auoiae ESC
I?e auiieiaiee ?aaeeia Iiiiuue aeey eaaeaeiai ni?aai/ieea ioia?aaeaaony
eioi?iaoeey i iacia/aiee aeaiiiai ni?aai/ieea e i ?aaeeiao oi?aaeaiey
ei.
I?e aeiaaaeaiee iiaie caiene iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau aaia?e?iaaeny
eaeaioeoeeaoeeiiiue iiia? (ID) iin?aaenoaii oaaee/aiey ia aaeeieoeo
i?aaeuaeouaai naaia?e?iaaiiiai, a neo/aa ionoonoaey i?aaeuaeoueo
caienae, eiae i?eieiaao cia/aiea, ?aaiia 1.
I?e auiieiaiee ?aaeeia iaeoe caienue, ia ye?aia aeieaeii ioia?aceoueny
iiea i?aaeeiaeaiiiai iieueciaaoaeai aeey aaiaea iienea e i?e iaaeaoee
iieueciaaoaeai eaaeaeie iineaaeothuae eeaaeoe oeacaoaeue a
niioaaonoaothuae oaaeeoea aeieaeai aecoaeueii ia?aiauaoueny ia
aeeaeaeooth iaeaeaiioth caienue, a neo/aa anee caienue ia iiaeao auoue
iaeaeaia oeacaoaeue inoaaony ia i?aaeiai ianoa. anee eiaaony ianeieueei
caienae n iaeeiaeiauie aeaiiuie, iieueciaaoaeth iaiaoiaeeii iiaeaoue
yoio nienie n aeaiiuie iieae.
oaeaeaiea caiene aeieaeii nii?iaiaeaeaoueny aeeaeiaii n iieueciaaoaeai
ia aeaoo o?iaiyo iiaeoaa?aeaeathuei oaeaeaiea caiene.
Ni?aai/ieee nicaeathony aia/aea e aiinyony eciaiaiey a ieo ii ia?a
eciaiaiee ia?aienoi/ieeia, oaeeo eae aeaeu eeanneoeeaoeee e?aaeeoia,
aeaeia e?aaeeoia, eciaiaiee eeoe ioaaonoaaiiuo ca e?aaeeo e o.ae.
Ni?aai/iee aeaea e?aaeeoa. CREDITTYPE
ID_VID_CR eiae aeaea e?aaeeoa
VID_CR iaeiaiiaaiea aeaea e?aaeeoa
Ni?aai/iee eeoe ioaaonoaaiiuo ca e?aaeeo. PERSON
ID_PERS eiae eeoea ioaaonoaaiiiai ca e?aaeeo
PS_LST_NM oaieeey
PS_NM eiy
PS_POST aeieaeiinoue
Ni?aai/iee aeaeia eiienneiiiuo nai?ia. COMSB
ID_COM eiae aeaea eiienneiiiuo nai?ia
COM_NM aeae eiienneiiiuo nai?ia (aiciauaaiua, iaaiciauaaiua)
Ni?aai/iee eeanneoeeaoeee e?aaeeoia CLASS
ID_CLASS eiae eeanneoeeaoeee e?aaeeoia
CLASS_NM iaeiaiiaaiea eeanneoeeaoeee
CLASS_INT i?ioeaio io/eneaiey ia ?aca?a
Ni?aai/ieee CREDITTYPE, PERSON, COMSB, CLASS i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey
aaoiiaoece?iaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee e ei??aeoe?iaea aeaiiuo iieae e aeey
?aeyoeeiiiie nayce ii iieyi ID n oaaeeoeae ea?oioaee e?aaeeoia CREDIT e
auno?iai caiieiaiey ?aeaeceoa ID
Ni?aai/iee aeaea caeiaa. ZALOGTYPE
eiae aeaea caeiaa
ZL_VID iaeiaiiaaiea aeaea caeiaa
Aeaiiue ni?aai/iee aoaeao a aeaeueiaeoai ?aeyoeeiiii naycai n oaaeeoeae
ZALOG ii iieth ID_ZL_VID.
4.2.3. Aaaeaiea ea?oioaee.
Ana aeaiiua ii e?aaeeoai aeieaeiu o?aieoueny a ea?oi/eao e ioia?aaeaoue
eioi?iaoeeth ii anai iia?aoeeyi eaaeaeiai e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey , e?iia
oiai aaaeaony aeo?iae auaeaiiuo e?aaeeoia.
?aaeei aaaeaiey ea?oioaee aeieaeai auoue iino?iai oaeei ia?acii , /oi
i?e aoiaea a iaai ia ye?aia aeaeaiiiieoi?a ioia?aaeaaony aeo?iae
auaeaiiuo e?aaeeoia ni neaaeothueie aiciiaeiuie auai?aie ?aaio:
?aaeeiu e cae?aieaiiua ca iei ai?y/ea eeaaeoe
?aaeei Ai?y/ay eeaaeoa
Iiiiuue F1
Aeiaaaeaiea caiene F2
Iaeoe caienue F3
Oaeaeeoue caienue F4
Ia/aoue F5
Oeeueo? ii a?oiia F6
I?iniio? ea?oi/ee F7
Ea?oa ia/eneaiiuo i?ioeaioia F8
Ia/aoue ni?aai/ieea F9
Auoiae ESC
A aeaiiii ?aaeeia iaiaoiaeeiu neaaeothuea oaaeeoeu aacu aeaiiuo ni
no?oeoo?aie:
Oaaeeoea ZAEMSHIK (Ea?oi/ea o/aoa caaiueeia)
ID_ZM eiae caaiueea
ZM_ORG iacaaiea i?aaiecaoeee
ZM_LST_NM oaieeey eiioaeoiiai eeoea
ZM_NM eiy eiioaeoiiai eeoea
ZM_ADR aae?an i?aaiecaoeee
ZM_ACC ei??aniiiaeaioneee n/ao caaiueea
Oaaeeoea CREDIT (Ea?oi/ea o/aoa e?aaeeoiuo niaeaoaiee)
ID_CR eiae e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey
ID_VID_CR eiae aeaea e?aaeeoa ec CREDITTYPE
ID_PERS eiae eeoea ioaaonoaaiiiai ca e?aaeeo ec PERSON
ID_ZM eiae caaiueea ec ZAEMSHIK
ID_ZL eiae caeiaa ec ZALOG
ID_CLASS eiae eeanneoeeaoeee e?aaeeoia ec CLASS
ID_COM eiae aeaea eiienneiiiuo nai?ia
CR_SUM ia?aiia/aeueiay noiia e?aaeeoa
CR_TO_PAY oaeouay noiia e?aaeeoa
CR_DOGD aeaoa iiaeienaiey e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey
CR_STR_ aeaoa auaea/e e?aaeeoa
CR_F_STAVKA noaaea i?ioeaioa ca e?aaeeo a aiaeiauo
CR_T_STAVKA oaeouay noaaea i?ioeaioia
CR_SROK n?ie e?aaeeoa
CR_RET_DOG aeaoa aica?aoa e?aaeeoa ii aeiaiai?o
CR_RET_FCT oaeoe/aneay aeaoa aica?aoa e?aaeeoa
CR_TOT_INT ia/eneaiiue i?ioeaio
CR_PAID_INT iiea/aiiue i?ioeaio
CR_COM noiia eiienneiiiiai nai?a
CR_Q_INT i?ae?auaii ia/eneaiea i?ioeaioia – 1, iao – 0
Oaaeeoea ZALOG (Ea?oi/ea o/aoa caeiaa)
ID_ZL eiae caeiaa
ID_ZL_VID eiae aeaea caeiaa
ID_ZM eiae caaiueea
ID_CR eiae e?aaeeoa
ZL_DATA aeaoa iiaeienaiey aeiaiai?a i caeiaa
ZL_NM iaeiaiiaaiea caeiaa
ZL_PLACE ianoiiaoiaeaeaiea caeiaa
ZL_SUM noieiinoue caeiaa
ZL_ZM caaiuee i?aaeinoaaeaoee caeia
ZL_VB auauoea caeiaa
ZL_PLATA ieaoa ca o?aiaiea
Oaaeeoea aeaeia iia?aoeee OPR.
auaea/a e?aaeeoa
ia/eneaiea i?ioeaioia
iiaaoaiea ia/eneaiiuo i?ioeaioia (ia ?aaea iaeiiai ?aca a ianyoe)
nicaeaiea ?aca?aa ia eeanneoeoee?iaaiiua nnoaeu
iiaaoaiea /anoe aeieaa
iiaaoaiea iniiaiie noiiu aeieaa
i?ae?auaiea ia/eneaiey i?ioeaioia
nieaeaiea i?ioeaioiie noaaee
nieaeaiea iauae noiiu e?aaeeoa
nienaiea e?aaeeoa
ainnoaiiaeaiea e?aaeeoa
Aaca aeaiiuo iia?aoeee n e?aaeeoaie CREDIT_OPR
ID_CR eiae e?aaeeoa ec CREDIT
ID_VID_CR eiae aeaea e?aaeeoa ec CREDIT
OP_NB iiia? iia?aoeee
OP_DAT aeaoa i?iaaaeaiey iia?aoeee
OP_VID aeae i?iaiaeeiie iia?aoeee
SUMMA noiia i?iaiaeeiie iia?aoeee
TO_PAY oaeouay noiia e?aaeeoa
SROK n?ie e?aaeeoa
INT i?ioeaioiay noaaea
DAYS_TO_PAY eiee/anoai aeiae e ia/eneaieth
CLASS eeanneoeeaoeey e?aaeeoa
4.2.3.1. Aeiaaaeaiea caiene.
Aeiaaaeaiea caiene icia/aao ioe?uoea iiaie ea?oi/ee ia e?aaeeoiia
niaeaoaiea , o.a aeieaeia ioia?aceoueny iiaay ionoay caienue oaaeeoeu
CREDIT.
Cia/aiea iieae ID_VID_CR, ID_PERS, ID_ZM, ID_ZL, ID_CLASS, caiieiythony
ec nienea ni?aai/ieeia niioaaonoaaiii CREDITTYPE, PERSON, ZAEMSHIK,
ZALOG, CLASS. Iiey CR_TO_PAY, CR_T_STAVKA oaaeeoeu CREDIT ia aeieaeiu
auoue iieueciaaoaeth aeey ?aaeaeoe?iaaiey, iie i?eieiatho cia/aiey
niioaaonoaaiii neaaeothueo iieae: CR_SUM, CR_F_STAVKA. Inoaeueiua iiey
caiieiythony aeaiiuie ec e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey e caeiaiaiai aeiaiai? (a
neo/aa iaee/ey caeiaa ia e?aaeeo).
4..2.3.2. Nio?aiaiea ea?oi/ee.
Iinea ?aaeaeoe?iaaiey iieueciaaoaeai iiaie ea?oi/ee , aa iaiaoiaeeii
nio?aieoue. Iiyoiio, i?e auai?a yoiai ?aaeeia, iaiaoiaeeii
iieueciaaoaeth iaiiiieoue i oii , /oi caienaiiay eioi?iaoeey ia
iiaeeaaeeo ?aaeaeoe?iaaieth a aeaeueiaeoai, e auiieiyaony oieueei iinea
aeaieiiai iiaeoaa?aeaeaiey iieueciaaoaeai cai?ina ia nio?aiaiea.
I?e nio?aiaiee iaiaoiaeeii oaeaea aeiaaaeoue iiaoth caienue a oaaeeoeo
CREDIT_OPR e caianaieai cia/aiee a neaaeothuea iiey yoie oaaeeoeu:
ID_CR eiae e?aaeeoa (ec CREDIT)
ID_VID_CR eiae aeaea e?aaeeoa (ec CREDIT)
OP_NB 1
OP_DAT (TODAY)
OP_VID aeae i?iaiaeeiie iia?aoeee
TO_PAY oaeouay noiia e?aaeeoa (CR_SUM ec CREDIT)
SROK n?ie e?aaeeoa (CR_SROK ec CREDIT)
INT i?ioeaioiay noaaea (CR_F_STAVKA ec CREDIT)
OP_CLASS eeanneoeeaoeey e?aaeeoa (ID_CLASS ec CREDIT)
4.2.4. Iia?aoeee ii e?aaeeoai.
4.2.4.1. Aeai?eoi ia/eneaiey i?ioeaioia.
A oaaeeoea iano?ieee onoaiaaeeaaaony oaeouay aeaoa a iiea TODAY.
Nenoaia naa?yao cia/aiea iiey TODAY n iieai FUT_DAT.
Anee TODAY >= FUT_DAT, oiaaea nenoaia ?ac?aoaao i?iecaanoe ia/eneaiea
i?ioeaioia, a eia/a i?ia?aiia cai?auaaony.
A. Ia aeaoo ia?eiaee/aneiai ia/eneaiey
A aaca aeaiiuo e?aaeeoiuo niaeaoaiee i?iniao?eaathony iiey:
CR_RET_DOG aeaoa aica?aoa e?aaeeoa ii aeiaiai?o
CR_RET_FCT oaeoe/aneay aeaoa aica?aoa e?aaeeoa
CR_Q_INT i?ae?auaii ia/eneaiea i?ioeaioia – 1, iao – 0
e aeey eaaeaeie caienae, aaea CR_RET_DOG >TODAY, CR_RET_FCT – ionoia, a
CR_Q_INT = 0
caiiieiathony iiey:
ID_CR eiae e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey
ID_VID_CR eiae aeaea e?aaeeoa ec CREDITTYPE
CR_STR_ aeaoa auaea/e e?aaeeoa
CR_PROC noaaea i?ioeaioa ca e?aaeeo a aiaeiauo
CR_TO_PAY noiia e iiaaoaieth iniiaiiai aeieaa
CR_TOT_INT ia/eneaiiue i?ioeaio
I?iaa?ea caienae ii iieth CR_TOT_INT.
ANEE CR_TOT_INT =0,
oiaaea au/eneyai eiee/anoai aeiae e ia/eneaieth.
Eiee/anoai aeiae e ia/eneaieth = (FUT_DAT – 1) – “aeaoa auaea/e”
oi?ioea ia/eneaiey, FNACH= noaaea % / (360/eiee/anoai aeiae e
ia/eneaieth).
Noiia ia/eneaiey=(“noiia e?aaeeoa” * FNACH)/100
EIA*A
Eiee/anoai aeiae e ia/eneaieth = 30
oi?ioea ia/eneaiey, FNACH= noaaea % / (360/eiee/anoai aeiae e
ia/eneaieth).
Noiia ia/eneaiey=(“noiia e?aaeeoa” * FNACH)/100
Ia yoii yoaia au/eneaiey caeii/eeenue.
Caoai aaiaeeony iiaay caienue i i?iaaaeaiee iia?aoeee ia/eneaiey a
oaaeeoea CREDIT_OPR. N caianaieai neaaeothueo cia/aiee a iiey :
ID_CR eiae e?aaeeoa ec CREDIT
OP_NB iiia? iia?aoeee iiia? i?aaeuaeouae+1
OP_DAT aeaoa i?iaaaeaiey iia?aoeee TODAY
OP_VID aeae i?iaiaeeiie iia?aoeee (ia/eneaiea i?ioeaioia)
SUMMA noiia i?iaiaeeiie iia?aoeee Noiia ia/eneaiey
TO_PAY oaeouay noiia e?aaeeoa ec CREDIT
CR_T_STAVKA oaeouay noaaea i?ioeaioia ec CREDIT
DAYS_TO_PAY eiee/anoai aeiae e ia/eneaieth
T_IPC oaeouee eiaeaen iio?aaeoaeueneeo oeai =IPC ec oaaeeoeu iano?ieee
Oaia?ue iaiaoiaeeii caiieieoue iiauie aeaiiuie a oaaeeoea CREDIT iiea
“CR_TOT_INT” = SUMMA + CR_TOT_INT(i?aaeuaeouee).
Caoai a oaaeeoea iano?ieee iaiythony iiey ia:
LST_DAT= FUT_DAT;
FUT_DAT=aeaoa neaaeothuaai ia/eneaiey
B. Ia/eneaiea i?ioeaioia ia aeaiue ieii/aiey e?aaeeoa ii aeiaiai?o.
Aeey yoiai o?aaoaony eaaeaeue aeaiue ioneaaeeaaoue e?aaeeou n?ie
eioi?uo, ia oaeouee aeaiue ieii/ai. A oaaeeoea iano?ieee onoaiaaeeaaaony
oaeouay aeaoa a iiea TODAY.
A aaca aeaiiuo e?aaeeoiuo niaeaoaiee i?iniao?eaathony iiey:
CR_RET_DOG aeaoa aica?aoa e?aaeeoa ii aeiaiai?o
CR_RET_FCT oaeoe/aneay aeaoa aica?aoa e?aaeeoa
CR_Q_INT i?ae?auaii ia/eneaiea i?ioeaioia – 1, iao – 0
e aeey eaaeaeie caienae, aaea CR_RET_DOG =TODAY, CR_RET_FCT – ionoia, a
CR_Q_INT = 0
caiiieiathony iiey:
ID_CR eiae e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey
ID_VID_CR eiae aeaea e?aaeeoa ec CREDITTYPE
CR_STR_ aeaoa auaea/e e?aaeeoa
CR_PROC noaaea i?ioeaioa ca e?aaeeo a aiaeiauo
CR_TO_PAY noiia e iiaaoaieth iniiaiiai aeieaa
CR_TOT_INT ia/eneaiiue i?ioeaio
Aeaeaa o?aaoaony i?iaa?ea caienae ii iieth CR_TOT_INT.
ANEE CR_TOT_INT =0,
oiaaea au/eneyai n eaeiai /enea ia/eneyoue i?ioeaiou.
Eiee/anoai aeiae e ia/eneaieth = TODAY – “aeaoa auaea/e e?aaeeoa”
oi?ioea ia/eneaiey FNACH= noaaea % / (360/eiee/anoai aeiae e
ia/eneaieth).
Noiia ia/eneaiey=(“noiia e?aaeeoa” * FNACH)/100
EIA*A
Eiee/anoai aeiae e ia/eneaieth = TODAY – “aeaoa iineaaeiaai
ia/eneaiey”
oi?ioea ia/eneaiey FNACH= noaaea % / (360/eiee/anoai aeiae e
ia/eneaieth).
Noiia ia/eneaiey=(“noiia e?aaeeoa” * FNACH)/100
Ia yoii yoaia au/eneaiey caeii/eeenue.
Caoai aaiaeeony iiaay caienue i i?iaaaeaiee iia?aoeee ia/eneaiey a
oaaeeoea CREDIT_OPR. N caianaieai neaaeothueo cia/aiee a iiey :
ID_CR eiae e?aaeeoa ec CREDIT
OP_NB iiia? iia?aoeee iiia? i?aaeuaeouae+1
OP_DAT aeaoa i?iaaaeaiey iia?aoeee TODAY
OP_VID aeae i?iaiaeeiie iia?aoeee (ia/eneaiea i?ioeaioia)
SUMMA noiia i?iaiaeeiie iia?aoeee Noiia ia/eneaiey
TO_PAY oaeouay noiia e?aaeeoa ec CREDIT
CR_T_STAVKA oaeouay noaaea i?ioeaioia ec CREDIT
DAYS_TO_PAY eiee/anoai aeiae e ia/eneaieth
T_IPC oaeouee eiaeaen iio?aaeoaeueneeo oeai =IPC ec oaaeeoeu iano?ieee
Oaia?ue iaiaoiaeeii caiieieoue iiauie aeaiiuie a oaaeeoea CREDIT iiea
“CR_TOT_INT” = SUMMA + CR_TOT_INT(i?aaeuaeouee).
C. Aein?i/iia cae?uoea e?aaeeoa
A neo/aa aein?i/iiai iiaaoaiey e?aaeeoa, aoiaeiui aeieoiaioii aeey
i?iaaaeaiey iia?aoeee ia/eneaiey aoaeao Ieaoaaeiia ii?o/aiea ia
iiaaoaiea i?ioeaioia, Ieaoaaeiia ii?o/aiea ia iiaaoaiea e?aaeeoa, a
eioi?uo niaea?aeaony aeaiiua i ? e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey, noiia e
iiaaoaieth e o.ae.
Aac aeaiiuo aeieoiaioia iia?aoeey ia aeieaeia i?iecaiaeeony.
Cae?uoea e?aaeeoa i?iecaiaeeony neaaeothuei aa?eaioii:
Aein?i/iia ia/eneaiea i?ioeaioia.
Iiaaoaiea i?ioeaioia.
Iiaaoaiea e?aaeeoa.
A neo/aa oniaoiiai auiieiaiey aeaiiuo iia?aoeee e?aaeeo n/eoaaony
cae?uoui.
C.1. Aein?i/iia ia/eneaiea i?ioeaioia.
A oaaeeoea iano?ieee onoaiaaeeaaaony oaeouay aeaoa a iiea TODAY, e
oaeouee eiaeaen iio?aaeoaeueneeo oeai a iiea IPC.
Aeaeaa iaiaoiaeei cai?in eiie?aoiiai e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey ec oaaeeoeu
CREDIT, caoai inouanoaeyaony iiene ii yoiio iiia?o a oaaeeoea.
A aaca aeaiiuo e?aaeeoiuo niaeaoaiee i?iniao?eaathony iiey:
CR_RET_DOG aeaoa aica?aoa e?aaeeoa ii aeiaiai?o
CR_RET_FCT oaeoe/aneay aeaoa aica?aoa e?aaeeoa
CR_Q_INT i?ae?auaii ia/eneaiea i?ioeaioia – 1, iao – 0
e aeey eaaeaeie caienae, aaea CR_RET_DOG =TODAY, CR_RET_FCT – ionoia, a
CR_Q_INT = 0
caiiieiathony iiey:
ID_CR eiae e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey
ID_VID_CR eiae aeaea e?aaeeoa ec CREDITTYPE
CR_STR_ aeaoa auaea/e e?aaeeoa
CR_PROC noaaea i?ioeaioa ca e?aaeeo a aiaeiauo
CR_TO_PAY noiia e iiaaoaieth iniiaiiai aeieaa
CR_TOT_INT ia/eneaiiue i?ioeaio
Aeaeaa o?aaoaony i?iaa?ea caienae ii iieth CR_TOT_INT.
ANEE CR_TOT_INT =0,
oiaaea au/eneyai n eaeiai /enea ia/eneyoue i?ioeaiou.
Eiee/anoai aeiae e ia/eneaieth = TODAY – “aeaoa auaea/e e?aaeeoa”
oi?ioea ia/eneaiey, anee “ID_VID_CR”=“i?aaeoaeuenoai”,
oiaaea FNACH= IPC * (noaaea % / (360/eiee/anoai aeiae e
ia/eneaieth)),
eia/a FNACH= noaaea % / (360/eiee/anoai aeiae e ia/eneaieth).
Noiia ia/eneaiey=(“noiia e?aaeeoa” * FNACH)/100
EIA*A (CR_TOT_INT>0)
Eiee/anoai aeiae e ia/eneaieth = TODAY – “aeaoa iineaaeiaai
ia/eneaiey”
oi?ioea ia/eneaiey, anee “ID_VID_CR”=“i?aaeoaeuenoai”,
oiaaea FNACH= IPC * (noaaea % / (360/eiee/anoai aeiae e
ia/eneaieth)),
eia/a FNACH= noaaea % / (360/eiee/anoai aeiae e ia/eneaieth).
Noiia ia/eneaiey=(“noiia e?aaeeoa” * FNACH)/100
Ia yoii yoaia au/eneaiey caeii/eeenue.
Caoai aaiaeeony iiaay caienue i i?iaaaeaiee iia?aoeee ia/eneaiey a
oaaeeoea CREDIT_OPR. N caianaieai neaaeothueo cia/aiee a iiey :
ID_CR eiae e?aaeeoa ec CREDIT
OP_NB iiia? iia?aoeee iiia? i?aaeuaeouae+1
OP_DAT aeaoa i?iaaaeaiey iia?aoeee TODAY
OP_VID aeae i?iaiaeeiie iia?aoeee (ia/eneaiea i?ioeaioia)
SUMMA noiia i?iaiaeeiie iia?aoeee Noiia ia/eneaiey
TO_PAY oaeouay noiia e?aaeeoa ec CREDIT
CR_T_STAVKA oaeouay noaaea i?ioeaioia ec CREDIT
DAYS_TO_PAY eiee/anoai aeiae e ia/eneaieth
T_IPC oaeouee eiaeaen iio?aaeoaeueneeo oeai =IPC ec oaaeeoeu iano?ieee
Oaia?ue iaiaoiaeeii caiieieoue iiauie aeaiiuie a oaaeeoea CREDIT iiea
“CR_TOT_INT” = SUMMA + CR_TOT_INT(i?aaeuaeouee).
4.2.4.2. Aeai?eoi iiaaoaiey i?ioeaioia ii auaeaiiiio e?aaeeoo.
Aoiaeiui aeieoiaioii aeey auiieiaiey aeaiiie iia?aoeee yaeyaony
Ieaoaaeiia ii?o/aiea ia iiaaoaiea i?ioeaioia ii aeaiiiio e?aaeeoo, a
eioi?ii niaea?aeaony aeaiiua i ? e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey, noiia e
iiaaoaieth e o.ae.
Aac aeaiiiai aeieoiaioa iia?aoeey ia aeieaeia i?iecaiaeeony.
I?ioeaiou ca e?aaeeo aeieaeiu auoue iiea/aiu ia iicaeiaa 30(31) /enea
eaaeaeiai ianyoea.
Caaeaaony eiae e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey aeey iienea a oaaeeoea CREDIT, a
neo/aa oaea/iiai iienea i?iaa?yaony ia iiaaoaiea, anee ia iiaaoai, oi
aunaa/eaaaony aeaiiay caienue n ioia?aaeaieai neaaeothueo iieae:
ID_CR eiae e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey
ID_VID_CR eiae aeaea e?aaeeoa ec CREDITTYPE
CR_TOT_INT ia/eneaiiue i?ioeaio
CR_PAID_INT iiea/aiiue i?ioeaio
oaia?ue i?iaa?yaony , anee
“CR_TOT_INT” = “CR_PAID_INT” , oi aunaaoeoue niiauaiea i oii /oi ia
aeaiiue ia?eiae auea i?iaaaeaia iia?aoeey ii iiaaoaieth i?ioeaioia. e
i?aaeeiaeeoue iia?aoi?o caeii/eoue ?aaioo n aeaiiie caienueth, e
ioe?uoue ieii cai?ina e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey, a neo/aa anee aue aaaaeai
iai?aaeeueiue iiia? e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey.
A anee aeaiiie iia?aoeee ia i?iecaiaeeeinue, iia?aoi?o i?aaeeaaaaony
aaanoe noiio e iieaoa
Iia?aoi? i?iaa?yao niioaaonoaea noiiu a ieaoaaeiii ii?o/aiee e noiiu
eioi?oth ian/eoae aaie:
Noiia e iiaaoaieth=CR_TOT_INT – CR_PAID_INT
Anee noiiu niaiaaeatho, oi aeiaaaeyaony a oaaeeoea CREDIT_OPR iiaay
caienue, n caiieiaieai neaaeothueo iieae:
ID_CR eiae e?aaeeoa ec CREDIT
ID_VID_CR eiae aeaea e?aaeeoa ec CREDIT
OP_NB iiia? iia?aoeee
OP_DAT aeaoa i?iaaaeaiey iia?aoeee
OP_VID aeae i?iaiaeeiie iia?aoeee
SUMMA noiia i?iaiaeeiie iia?aoeee =noiia e iieaoa
A oaaeeoea CREDIT iaiiaeyaony iiea CR_PAID_INT – iiea/aiiue i?ioeaio
CR_PAID_INT = SUMMA + CR_PAID_INT
Ia yoii i?ioeaaeo?a iiaaoaiey i?ioeaioia caeai/eaaaony.
4.2.4.3. Aeai?eoi iiaaoaiea e?aaeeoa.
Aoiaeiui aeieoiaioii aeey auiieiaiey aeaiiie iia?aoeee yaeyaony
Ieaoaaeiia ii?o/aiea ia iiaaoaiea e?aaeeoa , a eioi?ii niaea?aeaony
aeaiiua i ? e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey, noiia e iiaaoaieth e o.ae.
Aac aeaiiiai aeieoiaioa iia?aoeey ia aeieaeia i?iecaiaeeony.
A oaaeeoea CREDIT iouneeaaaony caienue n caaeaiiui eiaeii e?aaeeoiiai
niaeaoaiey. Ec iaai caiiieiathony iiey:
ID_CR eiae e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey
ID_VID_CR eiae aeaea e?aaeeoa ec CREDITTYPE
ID_ZL eiae caeiaa ec ZALOG
CR_SUM ia?aiia/aeueiay noiia e?aaeeoa
CR_TO_PAY oaeouay noiia e?aaeeoa
CR_STR_ aeaoa auaea/e e?aaeeoa
CR_T_STAVKA oaeouay noaaea i?ioeaioia
CR_SROK n?ie e?aaeeoa
CR_RET_DOG aeaoa aica?aoa e?aaeeoa ii aeiaiai?o
CR_RET_FCT oaeoe/aneay aeaoa aica?aoa e?aaeeoa
CR_TOT_INT ia/eneaiiue i?ioeaio
CR_PAID_INT iiea/aiiue i?ioeaio
I?e iiaaoaiee e?aaeeoa nia/aea iiaaoaaony noiia ia/eneaiiuo i?ioeaioia,
a caoai noiia iniiaiie /anoe e?aaeeoa. Iiyoiio au/eneyai:
aeiea ca %= ia/eneaiiue % – iiea/aiiue %
anee aeiea ca % > 0 , oi auiieiyaony aeai?eoi iiaaoaiey i?ioeaioia.
Anee aeiea ca % 0,
oi a oaaeeoea iia?aoeee aeiaaaeyaony iiaay caienue a iiey:
ID_CR eiae e?aaeeoa ec CREDIT
ID_VID_CR eiae aeaea e?aaeeoa ec CREDIT
OP_NB iiia? iia?aoeee
OP_DAT aeaoa i?iaaaeaiey iia?aoeee
OP_VID aeae i?iaiaeeiie iia?aoeee (io/eneaiea ia ?aca?a)
SUMMA noiia i?iaiaeeiie iia?aoeee
TO_PAY oaeouay noiia e?aaeeoa
OP_CLASS eeanneoeeaoeey e?aaeeoa
aaea SUMMA= io/eneaiey ia ?aca?a
4.2.4.5. Aeai?eoi eciaiaiey i?ioeaioiie noaaee.
Aeey yoiai iaiaoiaeei cai?in e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey, caoai
inouanoaeyaony iiene ii yoiio iiia?o a oaaeeoea CREDIT e i?e oaea/iii
iienea ii?aaeaeyai cia/aiey onoaiiaeaiiie caiene.
ID_CR eiae e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey
ID_VID_CR eiae aeaea e?aaeeoa ec CREDITTYPE
CR_SUM ia?aiia/aeueiay noiia e?aaeeoa
CR_F_STAVKA noaaea i?ioeaioa ca e?aaeeo a aiaeiauo
CR_T_STAVKA oaeouay noaaea i?ioeaioia
i?aaeeaaaaony aaanoe iiaoth noaaeo i?ioeaioa
Aeaeaa a oaaeeoeo iia?aoeee aaiaeeony iiaay caienue n caianaieai
cia/aiee a neaaeothuea iiey:
ID_CR eiae e?aaeeoa ec CREDIT
ID_VID_CR eiae aeaea e?aaeeoa ec CREDIT
OP_NB iiia? iia?aoeee
OP_DAT aeaoa i?iaaaeaiey iia?aoeee
OP_VID aeae i?iaiaeeiie iia?aoeee (eciaiaiea i?ioeaioiie noaaee)
TO_PAY oaeouay noiia e?aaeeoa ec CREDIT
INT i?ioeaioiay noaaea= iiaay noaaea
Caoai iaiaoiaeeii caiieieoue iiauie cia/aieyie neaaeothuea iiey oaaeeoeu
CREDIT oaeouae caiene.
CR_T_STAVKA = iiaay noaaea i?ioeaioia
4.2.4.6. Aeai?eoi eciaiaiey iauae noiiu e?aaeeoa.
Iauee aeiea e?aaeeoa iiaeao auoue nieaeai, oiaaea o?aaoaony aianoe
eciaiaiey a e?aaeeoiia niaeaoaiea.
Aeey yoiai iaiaoiaeei cai?in e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey, caoai
inouanoaeyaony iiene ii yoiio iiia?o a oaaeeoea CREDIT e i?e oaea/iii
iienea ii?aaeaeyai cia/aiey onoaiiaeaiiie caiene.
ID_CR eiae e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey
ID_VID_CR eiae aeaea e?aaeeoa ec CREDITTYPE
CR_SUM ia?aiia/aeueiay noiia e?aaeeoa
CR_TO_PAY oaeouay noiia e?aaeeoa
Aeaeaa iieueciaaoaeth i?aaeeaaaaony aaanoe iiaoth noiio e?aaeeoa
a oaaeeoeo iia?aoeee aaiaeeony iiaay caienue n caianaieai cia/aiee a
neaaeothuea iiey:
ID_CR eiae e?aaeeoa ec CREDIT
ID_VID_CR eiae aeaea e?aaeeoa ec CREDIT
OP_NB iiia? iia?aoeee
OP_DAT aeaoa i?iaaaeaiey iia?aoeee
OP_VID aeae i?iaiaeeiie iia?aoeee (eciaiaiea iauae noiiu aeieaa)
TO_PAY oaeouay noiia e?aaeeoa = iiaay noiia e?aaeeoa
Caoai iaiaoiaeeii caiieieoue iiauie cia/aieyie neaaeothuea iiey oaaeeoeu
CREDIT oaeouae caiene.
TO_PAY = iiaay noiia e?aaeeoa.
4.2.5. Io/aou.
Aeaiiue ?aaeei iicaieyao iieueciaaoaeth iieo/aoue aaeaaeiaaiua e ca
oeacaiiue ia?eiae auoiaeiua oi?iu io/aoiinoe eae ia aoiaaeiii iineoaea,
oae e n aiciiaeiinoueth i?iniio?a ia ye?aia aeaeaiiiieoi?a, e aeeth/aao
a naay neaaeothuea aeaeu io/aoia:
io/ao ii iiaaoaieth i?ioeaioia;
io/ao ii iiaaoaieth e?aaeeoa;
io/ao ii iaiiaaoaiiui e?aaeeoai;
io/ao ii e?aaeeoai, ii eioi?ui i?ae?auaii ia/eneaiea i?ioeaioia;
?aano? ii ia/eneaiiui i?ioeaioai;
?aano? ii ?ani?aaeaeaieth e?aaeeoia ii io?aneyi;
?aano? ii eeanneoeeaoeeyi e?aaeeoia;
?aano? ii io/eneaieyi ia ?IIO.
Ia?aae iieo/aieai eaaeaeie ec auoa iienaiiuo oi?i, iaiaoiaeeii
iieueciaaoaeth oeacaoue ia?eiae oi?ie?iaaiey io/aoa (ia/aei ia?eiaea
AeAOA1 e eiiaoe ia?eiaea AeAOA2). Anee AeAOA1 e AeAOA2 niaiaaeatho, oi a
io/aoao oeacuaaoue «ca AeAOA1», anee iao, oi «N AeAOA1 ii AeAOA2».
AeAOA1 e AeAOA2 ia?aiia/aeueii aeieaeiu i?eieiaoue cia/aiey nenoaiiie
aeaou, caoai, anee iieueciaaoaeth iaiaoiaeeii oeacaoue ia?eiae, ii
iiaeao ia ei??aeoe?iaaoue, ii caeanue aeieaeiu niaethaeaoueny oneiaey,
ai-ia?auo – AeAOA2 ia aeieaeia i?aauoaoue nenoaiioth aeaoo e, ai-aoi?uo
– AeAOA2 ia aeieaeia auoue aieaa ?aiiae /ai AeAOA1.
Caeeth/aiea.
Aeaiiay ?aaioa iaienaia n oeaeueth iaiauaiey ciaiee, iieo/aiiuo a
oa/aiee 4-o eao o/aau, e aeey eiie?aoecaoeee iai?aaeaiey aoaeouae
?aaiou. ?anniio?aiiay i?iaeaia eiaao aieueoie eioa?an o iauanoaaiiinoe,
ainoaea?noaaiiuo e oeiainiauo o/?aaeaeaiee. Aeooaeueiinoue oaiu
?anniio?aiiay a aaaaeaiee oaeaea iieacaea, /oi ?acaeoea yeiiiieee
iaaiciiaeii aac iiaeaea?aeee e?aaeeoiuo einoeoooia. Iiyoiio a aeaiiie
?aaioa auee i?eeiaeaiu ana oneeey auioneieea, ?oeiaiaeeoaey ?aaiou e
ethaeae i?eeiaeeaoeo naie oneeey a iiaeai?ea niioaaonoaothuae
eioi?iaoeee, aeey eco/aiey aeaiiie noa?u oeiainiaiai ?uiea. ?aaioa auea
iniiaaia ia i?eiaiaiee nenoaiiiai aiaeeca, eae i?eeeaaeiie iaoee,
i?iaiaeyuee enneaaeiaaiea nouanoaothueo e?aaeeoiuo einoeoooia, aiaeec eo
aeayoaeueiinoe a oa/aiee iineaaeieo aeaoo eao.
Yeiiiie/aneea iieacaoaee ?anniio?aiiua a aeaaa 1-ie iiiiaatho i?iaanoe
aiaeec i?aaei?eyoey e nieaeaiey ?enea aaiea.
Ai aoi?ie aeaaa aeaii iienaiea nouiinoe nenoaiiiai aiaeeca, eae
i?aaeiaoa e a i?eiaiaiee e enneaaeoaiie i?iaeaia.
A o?aoueae aeaaa i?iaiaeeeny aiaeec aeayoaeueiinoe eiiia?/aneeo aaieia a
aeeiaieea 1995-1997 aiaea. Eciaiaiey i?ienoaaeoea a yoii ia?eiaea,
iieacuaatho ia iieiaeeoaeueiuo eciaiaieyo a e?aaeeoiie noa?a.
Eoiaii aeaiiie ?aaiou noaea iinoaiiaea caaeaiey e eioi?iaoeeiiiie
nenoaia oi?aaeaiey e?aaeeoaie a aaiea, eioi?ay auea iinoaaeaia n
oeaeueth eiio?iey e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey aaieia e oai naiui n oeaeueth
oeo/oaiey ea/anoaa e?aaeeoia.
Iaaeathnue, /oi enneaaeiaaiey i?iaaaeaiiua a aeaiiie ?aaioa, iiiiaoo a
inouanoaeaiee ?aoi?i aaieianeiai naeoi?a.
I?eeiaeaiey.
Ooaa?aeaeaii
iinoaiiaeaieai I?aaeaiey
Iaoeeiiaeueiiai aaiea
Eu?aucneie ?anioaeeee
io 30 ethiy 1995 aiaea N
16/6
IIEIAEAIEA
i eeanneoeeaoeee e?aaeeoia e niioaaonoaothueo
io/eneaieyo a ?aca?a ia iie?uoea iioaioeeaeueiuo e?aaeeoiuo,
eeceiaiauo iioa?ue e oauoeia
(A ?aaeaeoeee iinoaiiaeaiey I?aaeaiey Iaoeaaiea E?
io 14 ethey 1995 aiaea N 17/2)
1. Iauea iieiaeaiey
1.1. A oeaeyo ii?aaeaeaiey ?aaeueiiai oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey e
yooaeoeaiinoe ?aaiou eiiia?/aneea aaiee iaycaiu iinoiyiii i?iaiaeeoue
ioeaieo ea/anoaa i?aaeinoaaeyaiuo nnoae e nicaeaaaoue ?aca?a ia
iie?uoea oauoeia,naycaiiuo n e?aaeeoiui ?eneii.
1.2. E?aaeeou eeanneoeoee?othony enoiaey ec ioeaiee oeiainiaiai
ninoiyiey caaiueea n oeaeueth io?aaeaiey a oeiainiaie io/aoiinoe
?aaeueiie noiiu nnoae aaiea e ecaaaeaiey ?ani?aaeaeaiey /anoe aaeiaie
i?eauee, eioi?ay iiaeao auoue iaiaoiaeeiie aeey iie?uoey aoaeoueo
iioa?ue ii nnoaeai.
1.3. E?aaeeoiue ?ene iiaeao auoue naycai, eae n i?in?i/eie ieaoaaea
ii aeia caaiueea aneaaenoaea aai iaieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe, oae e n
ea/anoaii caeiaa, oeiii caaiueea ii oi?ia nianoaaiiinoe, io?aneaaie
i?eiaaeeaaeiinoueth, iaee/eai e aeaeaie aa?aioee ii nnoaeai e
iaaeaaeiinoueth naieo aa?aioia, ioeaieie auiieiaiey ?aiaa aeaiiuo
iaycaoaeuenoa ii e?aaeeoai aaieia, ia?niaeoea aeaeueiaeoaai ?acaeoey
caaiueea e ae?.
1.4. E?aaeeoiua eeanneoeeaoeee yaeythony au?aaeaieai ?acee/iuo
noaiaiae iaeiiai oaeoi?a – ?enea iaaica?aoa. Ana e?aaeeou, e?iia oae
iacuaaaiuo ii?iaeueiuo, ianoo a naaa ii?aaeaeaiioth noaiaiue ?enea, ii
yoe noaiaie aa?uee?othony a caaeneiinoe io ?acee/iuo oaeoi?ia.
Aeey oieoeoee?iaaiiie eeanneoeeaoeee ea/anoaa aeoeaia e nicaeaiey
?aca?aiiai oiiaea ia iie?uoea oauoeia, naycaiiuo n e?aaeeoiui ?eneii,
a niioaaonoaee n i?aeoeeie, onoaiaaeeaathony neaaeothuea eaoaai?ee:
A. Iaeeanneoeoee?iaaiiua e?aaeeou:
1) ii?iaeueiua,
2) oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiua,
3) e?aaeeou iiae iaaethaeaieai;
A. Eeanneoeoee?oaiua e?aaeeou:
1) noanoaiaea?oiua e?aaeeou,
2) niiieoaeueiua e?aaeeou,
3) e?aaeeou, eeanneoeoee?oaiua eae iioa?e.
2. Iaeeanneoeoee?oaiua e?aaeeou
2.1. Ii?iaeueiuie iacuaathony oa e?aaeeou, eioi?ua iaania/aiu,
eae ieieioi, ia 120% io noiiu e?aaeeoa caeiaii (ioi?ieaiiui a aeaea
caeeaaea), ninoiyuei ec:
– n?aaenoa, iaoiaeyueony ia aeaiiceoiii n/aoa a yoii aaiea,
i?e/ai yoe n?aaenoaa aeieaeiu auoue eeai a aaethoa Eu?aucneie
?anioaeeee, eeai a aaethoa no?ai, aoiaeyueo a aaethoioth ei?ceio NAe?;
– e?aoein?i/iuo eacia/aeneeo aaenaeae, i?e/ai n?ie iiaaoaiey
eioi?uo aeieaeai ianooiaoue iinea n?iea iiaaoaiey e?aaeeoa.
2.2. A neo/aa, anee e?aaeeo i?eciaaony ii?iaeueiui, oi
e?aaeeoiue ?ene ii iiaeiaiui e?aaeeoai n/eoaaony ieieiaeueiui, e ?aca?a
ia ieo aaiee iiaoo ia nicaeaaaoue. A neo/aa, anee aaiee ana-oaee
nicaeaaeoo ?aca?a ia ii?iaeueiua e?aaeeou, oi ?acia?u io/eneaiee a
?aca?a aeey ieo ii?aaeaeythony aaieaie naiinoiyoaeueii, ii ia aieaa 2%
io noiiu yoeo e?aaeeoia.
2.3. Oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiue e?aaeeo – yoi oaeie e?aaeeo, n eioi?ui
ii ninoiyieth ia oaeouee iiiaio ia naycaia noaiaiue e?aaeeoiiai ?enea,
i?aauoathuay ii?iaeueioth aaieianeoth i?aeoeeo. Caeiu n/eoathony
oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiuie, anee oeiainiaia ninoiyiea caaiueea oi?ioaa,
iiaaoaiea caaeieaeaiiinoe i?iecaiaeeony naiaa?aiaiii, caaiuee yaeyaony
ieaoaaeaniiniaiui, ieeiaaea ia aeiioneae caaea?aeae a ieaoaaeao aaieo ii
nnoaeai e i?ioeaioai, a oaeaea anee eiaao iaaeaaeiua aa?aioee
aica?aoa e?aaeeoia, i?e yoii oeiainiaia ninoiyiea aa?aioa aeieaeii auoue
oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiui, eee eiaaony caeia ia noiio e?aaeeoa a oi?ia:
– aeaiiceoa a yoii aaiea (oi anoue ii iiaeao auoue eniieueciaai
aeey ca/aoa caaeieaeaiiinoe ii e?aaeeoo),
– noaaeeueiuo ainoaea?noaaiiuo iaycaoaeuenoa,
– ae?oaeo aeoeaia, eioi?ua iiaoo auoue iaiaaeeaiii i?aia?aciaaiu
a
aeaiaaeioth iaee/iinoue.
2.4. Oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiua e?aaeeou ia iiaeaa?aathony
eeanneoeeaoeee, aeaaea anee ii iei eiathony i?in?i/ee, anee iie
aaconeiaii iaania/aiu aunieieeeaeaeiui caeiaii. E?aaeeoiue ?ene a
aeaiiii neo/aa i/aiue iaaaeee, ii iieiinoueth eneeth/aoue aiciiaeiinoue
iioa?ue iaeuecy, e iiyoiio ?aca?a ia iie?uoea oauoeia, naycaiiuo n
oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiuie e?aaeeoaie, aeieaeai ninoaaeyoue 2% io noiiu
caaeieaeaiiinoe
. 2.5. E?aaeeoaie iiae iaaethaeaieai iacuaathony e?aaeeou, eioi?ua
ii ninoiyieth ia iiiaio eeanneoeeaoeee yaeythony oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiuie,
ii a ieo oaea caia/athony oaiaeaioeee e oooaeoaieth, aeinoaoi/ii ynii
iieacuaathuea, /oi anee ii iiaeiaiui e?aaeeoai ia aoaeoo i?eiyou ia?u,
oi a nei?ii a?aiaie aiciiaeii iiyaeaiea ?enea iaaica?aoa.
Eeanneoeeaoeey e?aaeeoa eae e?aaeeoa iiae iaaethaeaieai yaeyaony
ia?aoiaeiie noaaeeae iaaeaeo oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiuie e
iaoaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiuie e?aaeeoaie. Io/eneaiey a ?aca?a ii oaeei
e?aaeeoai aeieaeiu ninoaaeyoue 5% io noiiu e?aaeeoa. Oaeoi?aie,
iicaieythueie ioianoe oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiue e?aaeeo e e?aaeeoai iiae
iaaethaeaieai, iiaeao auoue iaia/athuaany oiaiueoaiea eeeaeaeiinoe
caeiaa (nieaeaiea oeai, iaaeaiea eo?na aaethou), oaiaeaioeee e
oooaeoaieth oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey caaiueea e ae?.
3. Noanoaiaea?oiua e?aaeeou
3.1. Eeanneoeeaoeey e?aaeeoia eae noanoaiaea?oiuo nouanoaoao aeey
ii?aaeaeaiey oao caeiia, eioi?ua ianoo a ii?aaeaeaiiie noaiaie ?ene
iaaica?aoa, anee ninoiyiea aeae ii e?aaeeoo ia oeo/oaaony eee
?oeiaiaenoai aaiea ia i?eieiaao aeaenoaaiiuo ia? ii iaania/aieth aai
aica?aoiinoe. Eae noanoaiaea?oiua ioaeii eeanneoeoee?iaaoue e?aaeeou, n
eioi?uie naycaiu: iaeioi?ua iaaieueoea iaaeinoaoee a oeiainiaii
ninoiyiee caaiueea eee a e?aaeeoiii niaeaoaiee,
– iaauiieiaiea caaiueeii iaeioi?uo oneiaee, iinoaaeaiiuo aaieii,
– ia?ooaiea a?aoeeia ieaiiauo iiaaoaiee ii e?aaeeoo,
– eciaiaiea aecian-ieaia caaiueea,
– eciaiaiea iieiaeaiey ia ?uiea n oi/ee c?aiey
eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe e ae?oaeo oaeoi?ia,
– niaia caaiueeii auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee eee i?eaioaoeee
i?iecaiaenoaa, aeey eioi?iai i?aaeinoaaeyeny e?aaeeo,
– i?iaeaiu, aicieeoea a io?aneyo ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa, n eioi?uie
naycaia aeayoaeueiinoue eeeaioa.
3.2. E noanoaiaea?oiui iiaoo auoue oaeaea ioianaiu oa e?aaeeou,
noaiaiue ?enea eioi?uo i?aauoaao iau/iue o?iaaiue a nayce n
iaaeinoaoi/iinoueth oaeouae eioi?iaoeee i caaiueea eee eaeeie-eeai
iaoi/iinoyie e ioeaeaie a ioi?ieaiee aeieoiaioia ii caeiao. Ae?oaeie
neiaaie, noanoaiaea?oiue caei yoi e?aaeeo, eioi?ue o?aaoao iniaiai
aieiaiey e iinoiyiiie ?aaiou, /oiau aai ea/anoai ia oooaeoeeinue e ii ia
noae niiieoaeueiui. I?e yoii noanoaiaea?oiua caeiu ia iiaoo i?eaanoe e
cia/eoaeueiiio nieaeaieth ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe aaiea.
3.3. Noanoaiaea?oiua caeiu, ia caueuaiiua aeieaeiui ia?acii
ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoueth eeoea, i?eiyaoaai ia naay iaycaoaeuenoaa ii
auieaoa, eee oa, aaea aeey oiaiueoaiey ?enea aaie o?aaoao io eeeaioa
aeaieiia iaania/aiea, anee oaeiaia nouanoaoao, eiatho ynii
ii?aaeaeaiioth neaaoth noi?iio, eioi?ay ianao a naaa ?ene iaiieiiai
iiaaoaiey caeia. A oii neo/aa, anee iaaeinoaoee ia aoaeoo eni?aaeaiu, oi
nouanoaoao aa?iyoiinoue, /oi aaie iiianao iaeioi?ua iioa?e.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, ?aca?a aeieaeai auoue ianeieueei aieueoa, /ai aeey
oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiuo caeiia e ninoaaeyoue 25% io noiiu caaeieaeaiiinoe.
3.4. I?eia?u yoie eeanneoeeaoeee oaeiau:
– ia?ooaiea a?aoeeia ieaoaaeae i?ioeaioia ca e?aaeeo e aica?aoa
naiiai e?aaeeoa,
– eciaiaiey oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey aa?aioia,
– oaaee/aiea ?anoiaeia caaiueea, ia i?aaeoniio?aiiia oneiaeyie
e?aaeeoiaaiey,
– iaeioi?ia oooaeoaiea oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey caaiueea,
– iiyaeaiea iioa?ue e oauoeia o caaiueea,
– iaiaaeaaeiinoue caeiaa, iaaeaiea noieiinoe eee iiyaeaiea ae?oaeo
oaeoi?ia, nieaeathueo eeeaeaeiinoue caeiaa.
3.5. A nayce n aiciiaeiuie ?acee/iuie oieeiaaieyie iaeiie e oie
aea
neooaoeee ii iaeiiio e oiio aea e?aaeeoo, ec-ca iayniinoe ea/anoaaiiuo
aniaeoia e a oeaeyo iaeaa/aiey eeanneoeeaoeee e ecaaaeaiey ?acii/oaiee,
aaiaeyony neaaeothuea eiee/anoaaiiua oa?aeoa?enoeee, niaeanii eioi?ui e
noanoaiaea?oiui ioiinyony e?aaeeou: – n i?iaeeaiiuie n?ieaie
auieaou (aei 30 aeiae),
– n i?in?i/aiiuie ieaiiauie ieaoaaeaie (60 aeiae e aieaa)
niaeanii
e?aaeeoiiio aeiaiai?o, aei enoa/aiey n?iea e?aaeeoa,
– n i?in?i/aiiuie ieaoaaeaie (aei 30 aeiae) ii i?ioeaioai e
iniiaiie
noiia iinea ieii/aiey n?iea e?aaeeoa.
3.6. Iau/ii, ii ia iaycaoaeueii, niaieoiiinoue aeaoo e aieaa
i?eciaeia ii?aaeaeyao yoo eeanneoeeaoeeth.
3.7. I?eia?: aaie auaeae e?aaeeo n?ieii ia 6 ianyoeaa n
aaeaiany/iie auieaoie i?ioeaioia. I?e yoii aaie acye a caeia oiaa?
eeeaioa e aea?aeeo aai iiae naiei eiio?ieai. Ii enoa/aiee 2-o ianyoeaa
eeeaio ia?anoae ieaoeoue e i?in?i/ee n?iee auieaou i?ioeaioia ia 60
aeiae (ia io/aoiue ia?eiae). Aeaeaa, aaeainiaue io/ao eeeaioa
iieacuaaao oaaee/aiea ?anoiaeia. Caeia iiaeao iieiinoueth iie?uoue
iniiaioth noiio e?aaeeoa iethn i?ioeaiou. Oaeie e?aaeeo oaea aeieaeai
eeanneoeoee?iaaoueny eae noanoaiaea?oiue.
4. Niiieoaeueiua e?aaeeou
4.1. Eeanneoeeaoeey e?aaeeoia eae niiieoaeueiuo yaeyaony aieaa
aeanoeie, /ai i?aaeuaeouay eeanneoeeaoeey. Iia eniieuecoaony a oao
neo/ayo, anee eiaaony aeinoaoi/iay oaa?aiiinoue, /oi iaeioi?ua oauoee
eiatho ianoi, ii ii?aaeaeeoue oi/ioth noiio oauoeia ia aeaiiue iiiaio
ia i?aaenoaaeyaony aiciiaeiui. Niiieoaeueiua e?aaeeou eiatho oaeea aea
iaaeinoaoee, eae e noanoaiaea?oiua, ii, e?iia oiai, iie eiatho
aeiiieieoaeueiua i?iaeaiu, eioi?ua a niaieoiiinoe n iaaeinoaoeaie,
aeaeatho aiciiaeiinoue iiaaoaiey nnoaeiie caaeieaeaiiinoe ia iniiaa
ecaanoiuo oaeoia e oneiaee, aeiaieueii niiieoaeueiie e iaeiaa?iyoiie.
E?aaeeo noaiiaeony niiieoaeueiui, anee: – oeiainiaia ninoiyiea
caaiueea iaiiiai oooaeoeeinue, – caaiuee ia?anoae i?iecaiaeeoue
ieaiiaua ieaoaaee ia oieueei ii i?ioeaioai, ii e ii iniiaiie noiia,
aeeeoaeueiinoue i?in?i/ee e?aaeeoa ninoaaeyao aieaa 90 aeiae, iinea
ieii/aiey n?iea e?aaeeoa, – eiaao ianoi iaiaeiie?aoiay i?ieiiaaoeey
e?aaeeoa, – oaaee/eaathony iioa?e e oauoee eeeaioa, – iaaeaao
noieiinoue caeiaa, oooaeoaaony ea/anoai, eeeaeaeiinoue caeiaa yaeyaony
niiieoaeueiie, caeia – o?oaeii?aaeecoaiui ii oeaia ia?aiia/aeueiie
ioeaiee.
4.2. Iniiaiia ioee/ea niiieoaeueiuo e?aaeeoia io noanoaiaea?oiuo
caeeth/aaony a neaaeothuai: a neo/aa eeanneoeeaoeee caeia eae
noanoaiaea?oiiai nouanoaoao iaeioi?ue ?ene iaaica?aoa, iaeiaei
oaa?aiiinoe ii aeaiiiio aii?ino iao, a eeanneoeeaoeey e?aaeeoia eae
niiieoaeueiuo icia/aao, /oi ii iei nouanoaoao ii/oe noii?ioeaioiay
oaa?aiiinoue a iiianaiee oauoeia, iaeiaei iaeioi?ua ec e?aaeeoia,
i?ioaaeoeo ii aeaiiie eaoaai?ee, ana aea iiaoo auoue iiaaoaiu eee
aica?ao ii iei iiaeao auoue iaania/ai eaeei-eeai niiniaii.
4.3. Aiciiaeiinoue iioa?ue io niiieoaeueiuo e?aaeeoia i/aiue
aaeeea, ii ec-ca iaeioi?uo aaaeiuo e niaoeeoe/aneeo oaeoueo oaeoi?ia,
eioi?ua oe?aieytho iiceoeee ianinoiyaoaainy aeieaeieea, eo
eeanneoeeaoeey eae iioa?e iiaeao auoue ioeiaeaia aei iiiaioa aieaa
oi/iiai ii?aaeaeaiey eo noaoona.
4.4. Aeey oaeianoaa ii?aaeaeaiey eeanneoeeaoeee iiaeii ioiineoue e
niiieoaeueiui ana e?aaeeou, o eioi?uo:
– aeeeoaeueiinoue i?in?i/ee auieao ninoaaeyao aieaa 90 aeiae
iinea
ieii/aiey n?iea e?aaeeoa,
– auea i?ieiiaaoeey aieaa aeaoo ?ac,
4.5. ?aca?a ia iie?uoea oauoeia io niiieoaeueiuo e?aaeeoia
aeieaeai
ninoaaeyoue 50% io noiiu caaeieaeaiiinoe.
4.6. I?eia?ii niiieoaeueiiai e?aaeeoa iiaeao neoaeeoue i?in?i/aiiue
caai, eiaaea o caaiueea ia aeaiiue iiiaio iao ieeaeeo n?aaenoa, /oiau
aai auieaoeoue, ii ii i?aaeinoaaee caaa?aiioth aeieoiaioaoeeth i
iinooieaiee aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa ia n/ao aaiea ec iaaeaaeiuo enoi/ieeia a
oa/aiea ei?ioeiai a?aiaie, iau/ii 1-3 ianyoea.
4.7. Iaeaieaa aaaeiay eiioeaioeey, eioi?oth neaaeoao eiaoue a
aeaeo a neo/aa eeanneoeeaoeee e?aaeeoia eae niiieoaeueiuo, ninoieo a
oii, /oi iiianaiea oauoeia ii iei iaecaaaeii, ii ana-oaee yoe oauoee
aoaeoo ninoaaeyoue iaiaa 100% io noiiu e?aaeeoa.
5. E?aaeeou, eeanneoeoee?oaiua eae iioa?e
5.1. E?aaeeou, eeanneoeoee?iaaiiua eae iioa?e, n/eoathony
iaaceiaaiuie e eiatho oaeoth iaeaiueeoth ?aaeueioth noieiinoue, /oi eo
niaea?aeaiea aaieii iaoeaeaniia?acii. Iaeiaei, yoi ia icia/aao, /oi
caai ieeiaaea ia aoaeao aica?auai, ii i?e aeaiiuo ianoiyoaeuenoaao
iai?aeoe/ii e iaaeaeaoaeueii ioeeaaeuaaoue nienaiea yoiai ie/aai ia
noiyuaai aeoeaa, aeaaea anee a aoaeouai i?aaeaeaeeony /anoe/iia aai
aiciauaiea. Io/eneaiey a ?aca?a ii oaeei e?aaeeoai aeieaeiu ninoaaeyoue
100%.
5.2. Iniiaiay ?acieoea iaaeaeo niiieoaeueiuie e?aaeeoaie e
iioa?yie caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi a neo/aa eeanneoeeaoeee e?aaeeoia
eae iioa?e, oauoee ninoaaeytho 100% io noiiu e?aaeeoa.
5.3. Eniieuecoy eiee/anoaaiiue iiaeoiae, e oauoi/iui e?aaeeoai
neaaeoao ioiineoue ana e?aaeeou, i?in?i/aiiua aieaa /ai ia 120 aeiae.
5.4. I?eia?ii iiaeao neoaeeoue iaiaania/aiiue e?aaeeo
i?aaei?eyoeth, eioi?ia iauyaeei i aaie?ionoaa. Noaeaaiue i?ioeann
iau/ii caieiaao aeieaia a?aiy, oaeei ia?acii, o aaiea iao ieeaeie
iaaeaaeaeu ia nei?ia aica?auaiea aeieaa.
6. Iauea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii eeanneoeeaoeee e?aaeeoia
6.1. I?e inouanoaeaiee eeanneoeeaoeee aeoeaia iaiaoiaeeii
i?iecaiaeeoue aiaeec eae ninoiyiey aica?aoiinoe e?aaeeoa, oae e
eciaiaiey oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey caaiueeia, eo aa?aioia, a oaeaea
aiaeece?iaaoue ea/anoai caeiaa e ae?oaea oaeoi?u
. 6.2. Ieieiaeueiia eiee/anoai oaeoi?ia, iie?aynue ia eioi?ua
i?iecaiaeeony iaiaoiaeeiay eeanneoeeaoeey aeoeaia a ea/anoaa
noanoaiaea?oiuo, niiieoaeueiuo e oauoi/iuo, yoi neaaeothuea:
– ianiiniaiinoue caaiueea iaania/eoue oiaiueoaiea noiiu
caaeieaeaiiinoe
niaeanii onoaiiaeaiiui oneiaeyi (ii iaaeaenoaothuei e?aaeeoai eee a
neo/aa i?in?i/ee);
– oauoi/iinoue iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe caaiueea;
– ia?aie/aiiinoue eee ionoonoaea iai?ioiiai eaieoaea (e?aoein?i/iua
ianneau i?aauoatho iai?ioiua n?aaenoaa);
– iaaeinoaoi/iinoue i?eoiea aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa aeey nie?auaiey
noiiu iaiiaaoaiiie caaeieaeaiiinoe;
– i?aauoaiea noiiu caaeieaeaiiinoe iaae nianoaaiiui eaieoaeii;
– ionoonoaea oaeouae oeiainiaie eioi?iaoeee;
– ionoonoaea iaaeeaaeauaai ?oeiaiaenoaa eee ieioia ?oeiaiaenoai;
– ceioiio?aaeaiey ni noi?iiu ?oeiaiaenoaa eee nianoaaiieeia
eiiiaiee;
– iai?aaeaiea n?aaenoa, iieo/aiiuo a ?aieao e?aaeeoa, ia eiua
oeaee;
– neeoeii aieueoay noaiaiue caaeneiinoe io aa?aioia eee
ii?o/eoaeae;
– iaaeaaii?eyoiua oaiaeaioeee iieacaoaeae ?aioaaaeueiinoe
(iai?ioiiai
eaieoaea);
– ionoonoaea e?aaeeoiiai iaania/aiey ia?yaeo n ionoonoaeai
eioi?iaoeee i iieiaeeoaeueiuo eoiaao aeayoaeueiinoe a i?aaeoanoaothuea
ia?eiaeu;
– iaaiciiaeiinoue eeeaeaee?iaaoue caeia aac iiianaiey oauoeia;
– iaeciaiiinoue noiiu caaeieaeaiiinoe (iao nieaeaiey eee
?aaoey?iuo
ieaoaaeae), eeai iaiaeiie?aoiia i?iaeeaiea n?iea iiaaoaiey;
– eciaiaiea oneiaee iiaaoaiey;
– ae?oaia.
6.3. I?aaeeueiay eeanneoeeaoeey e?aaeeoa ii iaeiie ec eaoaai?ee
caaeneo io iieiiou ioeaiee oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey caaiueea, io oeaee e
oneiaee e?aaeeoa, aiciiaeiinoe aai aica?aoa. *ai aeieueoa caaiuee
aeaaeaao aeaiaaeiuie n?aaenoaaie aaiea eee eiaao i?aai ii eiio?aeoo
iieo/aoue n?aaenoaa (e?aaeeoiua eeiee, iaycaoaeuenoaa, aee?aaeeoeau
e o.ae.), oai aieueoa noaiaiue ?enea iiyaeaiey io?eoeaoaeueiuo
oaiaeaioeee. I?e aiaeeca e?aaeeoia neaaeoao o/eouaaoue, /oi eaaeaeay
nnoaea eiaao ia?ae/iue e aoi?e/iue enoi/iee iiaaoaiey. Ia?ae/iui
enoi/ieeii iacuaaaony oaeie, eioi?ue i?e ii?iaeueiii ?acaeoee niauoee
nicaeaao n?aaenoaa, iaiaoiaeeiua aeey iiaaoaiey nnoaeu. Iai?eia?,
nnoaea iiae iai?ioiue eaieoae iiaaoaaony a i?ioeanna iai?ioa
oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae, nnoaea iiae o?iaeae eee yenii?oiay
nnoaea ec n?aaenoa, iieo/aiiuo io i?iaeaaee oiaa?a, iio?aaeoaeueneay
nnoaea – ec ee/iiai aeioiaea. Ia neo/ae, anee ia?ae/iue enoi/iee
iiaaoaiey ieaaeaony iaaeinoaoi/iui, aaie aeieaeai i?aaeoniio?aoue
aoi?e/iua enoi/ieee, oaeea eae caeia e aa?aioee.
6.4. I?e eniieueciaaiee aoi?e/iuo enoi/ieeia neaaeoao o/eouaaoue,
/oi yoi iau/ii aea/ao ca niaie caaea?aeeo ieaoaaeae, naycaiioth n
o?oaeiinoueth ii?aaeaeaiey eeeaeaeaoeeiiiie noieiinoe caeiaa, n
noaeaaiuie ecaea?aeeaie e ion?i/eaie. Yoe oaeoi?u iau/ii i?eaiaeyo e
oiio, /oi eiia/iay noiia ieaoaaea ii aeieao, iieo/aiiay n i?eaea/aieai
aoi?e/iiai enoi/ieea, ia niioaaonoaoao iaeeaeaieyi.
6.5. Anee aaie iieaaaaony iieiinoueth ia eeoei, aunooiathuaa a
ea/anoaa aa?aioa, eae ia aoi?e/iue enoi/iee iiaaoaiey, oi aaie
aeieaeai eiaoue iieioth eioi?iaoeeth i oeiainiaii iieiaeaiee aeaiiiai
eeoea aeey ioeaiee aai niiniaiinoe iiaaneoue e?aaeeo a neo/aa
iaiaoiaeeiinoe. Anee oeacaiiia eeoei noaei aaeeinoaaiiui enoi/ieeii
iiaaoaiey e?aaeeoa, i?e eeanneoeeaoeee aeieaeiu auoue o/oaiu ia
oieueei aai ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoue, ii e aeaeaiea iiaaneoue
aa?aioe?iaaiiue ei e?aaeeo.
6.6. Anee e?aaeeou i?aaeinoaaeythony aeey naciiiuo ioaeae, aeey
iiaeaea?aeee i?iecaiaenoaa oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae, oi iie
?anniao?eaathony eae naiieeeaeaee?othueany, oae eae oiaa?iua oeaiiinoe
iiaoo auoue eiiaa?oe?iaaiu a aeaaeoi?neea n/aoa e iaee/iinoue, oaeei
ia?acii eeeaeaee?oy e?aaeeo. Yoio oei e?aaeeoa iai?yioth naycai n
ii?aaeaeaieai oaeoi?ia ?enea a oaeoueo aeoeaao caaiueea (oaeeo eae
iaee/iua, aeaaeoi?neea n/aoa e oiaa?iua caianu) e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, n
noiiie ?aai/aai eaieoaea, iaiaoiaeeiie aeey ia?auaiey oiaa? aeaiueae.
Oaeea e?aaeeou iau/ii i?aaeinoaaeythony ia n?ie aieaa 90 aeiae. Eiaaea
e?aaeeo ia iiaaoai a n?ie, i?iaeaiu i/aaeaeiu. Oai ia iaiaa,
nouanoaotho e oaeea oaeoi?u, eae i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ia?auaiey oiaa?
– aeaiueae e naciiiue oa?aeoa? aeciana, eioi?ue iiaeao caaea?aeaoue
iiaaoaiea e?aaeeoa. I?e oaeeo ianoiyoaeuenoaao, i?iaeeaiea e?aaeeoa, eae
i?aaeei, ia n/eoaaony neaaie noi?iiie e?aaeeoa.
6.7. ?ene iaiiaaoaiey e?aaeeoa caaeneo io n?iea e?aaeeoa. *ai
aeieueoa o caaiueea iaoiaeyony aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa aaiea, oai aieueoa
?ene iaiiaaoaiey e?aaeeoa eee aicieeiiaaiey io?eoeaoaeueiuo yaeaiee.
Aica?ao aeieain?i/iuo e?aaeeoia (i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoueth aieaa 1 aiaea)
naycai n oeiainiaui iieiaeaieai e i?eaioaoeeae ia aoaeouee iioie
aeaiaaeiie iaee/iinoe. Iayniua ia?niaeoeau yaeythony neaaie noi?iiie
e?aaeeoa, ii oai ia iaiaa aua iao iaiaoiaeeiinoe iiaeaa?aaoue e?aaeeo
eeanneoeeaoeee. Iaeiaei, iaoaea/a a aaia?aoeee aeinoaoi/iiai iioiea
aeaiaaeiie iaee/iinoe yaeyaony a aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa /aoei au?aaeaiiui
iaaeinoaoeii, eioi?ue iiaeaa?aaao ?eneo eeeaeaeaoeeth caaeieaeaiiinoe, e
caneoaeeaaao eeanneoeeaoeee.
6.8. Cia/eoaeueiia ioeeiiaiea io ia?aiia/aeueiiai enoi/ieea
iiaaoaiey yaeyaony aeinoaoi/iie i?e/eiie eeanneoeeaoeee oae aea, eae e
iaeiie?aoiua oneiaey iiaaoaiey eee i?in?i/ea e?aaeeoa. Ianiiniaiinoue
aaia?e?iaaiey aeinoaoi/iiai iioiea aeaiaaeiie iaee/iinoe aeey
eeeaeaeaoeee caaeieaeaiiinoe oiaea yaeyaony iniiaaieai aeey
eeanneoeeaoeee. Iaeiaei ia ana i?in?i/aiiua e?aaeeou iiaoo auoue
iiaeaa?aioou eeanneoeeaoeee. E?aaeeo iiaeao auoue i?in?i/ai, ii a oi
aea a?aiy ii eiaao iaania/aiea iaee/iinoueth eee aaenaeyie, eioi?ua aua
ia auee eeeaeaee?iaaiu. Oai ia iaiaa, aeaeaiea e niiniaiinoue caaiueea
auiieieoue naie iaycaoaeuenoaa niaeanii aeiaiai?o inoaaony ia?ae/iui
e?eoa?eai ioeaiee ?enea e?aaeeoa. Yoi iiae?acoiaaaao, /oi caaiuee
aeieaeai eiaoue aeioiaeu eee eeeaeaeiua aeoeau aeinoaoi/iua aeey oieaou
i?ioeaioia ii e?aaeeoo e nie?auaiey eee eeeaeaeaoeee naiiai e?aaeeoa a
niioaaonoaee n aeiaiai?aiiinoueth a ?acoiiua e i?aaeneacoaiua n?iee.
6.9. Aeaiiua ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ioaaouaatho eeoue iaiaoiaeeiue ieieioi
o?aaiaaiee e e?eoa?eaa eeanneoeeaoeee e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey, oae eae
iaaiciiaeii i?aaeoniio?aoue eaaeaeoth eiie?aoioth neooaoeeth. Aaiee
iiaoo naiinoiyoaeueii, iniiauaaynue ia aeaiiuo ?aeiiaiaeaoeeyo,
aaiaeeoue nianoaaiiua aeiiieieoaeueiua oaeoi?u ioeaiee e?aaeeoia.
Ooaa?aeaeaia
iinoaiiaeaieai I?aaeaiey
Iaoeeiiaeueiiai aaiea
Eu?aucneie ?anioaeeee
io 26 ai?aey 1996 aiaea N 16/9
EINO?OEOeEss
ii ?aaioa n e?aaeeoaie
Aaaaeaiea
Ianoiyuay Eino?oeoeey, ?ac?aaioaiiay Iaoeeiiaeueiui aaieii
Eu?aucneie ?anioaeeee (a aeaeueiaeoai – IAE?), aae?aniaaia ?aaioieeai
eiiia?/aneeo aaieia e eiuo e?aaeeoiuo o/?aaeaeaiee, ioaaonoaaiiui ca
?ac?aaioeo, i?aoai?aiea a aeeciue e ?aaoee?iaaiea e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee.
Oeaeueth aeaiiie Eino?oeoeee yaeyaony ieacaiea niaeaenoaey i?e
auiieiaiee eie naieo ooieoeeiiaeueiuo iaycaiiinoae, naycaiiuo n
e?aaeeoiuie iia?aoeeyie. A ianoiyuai aeieoiaioa inaauathony iniiaiua
iiiaiou ?aaiou n e?aaeeoaie e ii?yaeie aa i?iaaaeaiey,
iaania/eaathuee, a neo/aa auiieiaiey anao ioieoia ianoiyuae Eino?oeoeee,
aeinoaoi/ioth noaiaiue caueou aaieia io iioa?ue, naycaiiuo n
e?aaeeoiaaieai.
E?aaeeoiua iia?aoeee yaeythony iaeieie ec iniiaiiieaaathueo a
aeayoaeueiinoe aaiea, e eo cia/aiea a iaania/aiee aeioiaeiinoe o?oaeii
ia?aioeaieoue. Oaeei ia?acii, i?aaeeueiia e naiaa?aiaiiia i?iaaaeaiea
?acee/iuo ia?ii?eyoee, naycaiiuo n e?aaeeoiuie iia?aoeeyie, ea?aao
cia/eoaeueioth ?ieue a ia- uae ?aaioa aaiea. ?aeiiaiaeaoeee,
i?eaaaeaiiua a ianoiyuai aeieoiaioa, aeieaeiu auoue iieiinoueth
eniieueciaaiu ai aioo?aiieo aeieoiaioao aaiea, ?aaoee?othueo aai
e?aaeeoioth iieeoeeo.
I?iaaaeaiea e?aaeeoiuo iia?aoeee aaiea ?aaoee?oaony
yeiiiie/aneeie
ii?iaoeaaie, onoaiiaeaiiuie IAE?, a oaeaea ?acee/iuie ii?iaoeaiuie
aeieoiaioaie, a /anoiinoe, eino?oeoeeyie “Ia ia?aie/aieyo
e?aaeeoiaaiey”, “I
i?iaaaeaiee iia?aoeee n einaeaea?aie”, “I i?iaaaeaiee iia?aoeee n
aooeee?iaaiiuie eiiiaieyie” e ae?.
Iauaecaanoii, /oi aeaai?acoiiay aaieianeay i?aeoeea ii
i?aaeinoaaeaieth e?aaeeoia aeeth/aao a naay iaiaoiaeeiinoue iaee/ey
e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee
aaiea, eioi?ay aeieaeia auoue ioi?ieaia a aeaea aioo?aiieo ii?iaoeaiuo
aeieoiaioia e ooaa?aeaeaia Niaaoii aaiea. A aeaiiuo aeieoiaioao
aeieaeiu auoue
io?aaeaiu ana iniiaiua iieiaeaiey eanathueany auaea/e e?aaeeoia – oeiu e
oeaee e?aaeeoia, caaea/e e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee aaiea, ?acaeaeaiea
ioaaonoaaiiinoe e iieiiii/ee ?aaioieeia aaiea a iaeanoe e?aaeeoiaaiey,
iieeoeea a ioiioaiee aiaeeca e eeanneoeeaoeee e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey, a
oaeaea niioaaonoaothueo io/eneaiee a ?aca?a, ia?u, i?eieiaaiua a
neo/aa aicieeiiaaiey
i?iaeaiiuo e?aaeeoia e oae aeaeaa.
Aaiee, ia eiathuea iiaeiaiuo aeieoiaioia, i?aeoe/anee iaieioaii
aoaeoo
noaeeeaaoueny n i?iaeaiaie ea/anoaa aeoeaia.
Aaie aeieaeai ii?aaeaeeoue aeey naay oeiu e?aaeeoiuo iia?aoeee,
i?iecaiaeeiuo ei. Yoi aeieaeii auoue io?aaeaii ai aioo?aiieo
aeieoiaioao, ii?aaeaeythueo e?aaeeoioth iieeoeeo aaiea. Aaie iiaeao
i?iecaiaeeoue eae ana aeaeu e?aaeeoiaaiey, oae e aua?aoue aeey naay
eaeea-eeai i?ei?eoaoiua aeaeu, niia?acoynue ni naieie aiciiaeiinoyie,
aeaeaieyie e iiuoii.
E?iia yoiai, aaie aeieaeai iaiai?eoue a naieo aioo?aiieo
ii?iaoeaiuo
aeieoiaioao iieeoeeo ioeaiee e?aaeeoia. Iaiaoiaeeiu oaeaea aeieoiaiou,
iaoneaaeeaathuea ?an/ao i?ioeaioiie noaaee ii e?aaeeoai, ii?yaeie
?aaiou n oaeoueie, i?iaeaiiuie e iaaica?aoiuie e?aaeeoaie, ii?yaeie
nicaeaiey e eniieueciaaiey ?aca?aa ia iie?uoea iioaioeeaeueiuo iioa?ue,
a oaeaea iieiiii/ey e iaycaiiinoe ?aaioieeia aaiea, naycaiiuo n ?aaioie
ii e?aaeeoai.
Iiieii nouanoaothueo yeiiiie/aneeo ii?iaoeaia, aaie, iniiauaaynue
ia
aeoaieii aiaeeca naiae aeayoaeueiinoe e enoiaey ec naieo oeaeae e
i?eioeeiia, iiaeao ?ac?aaioaoue nianoaaiiua ii?iaoeaiua eiyooeoeeaiou,
iaoneaaeeaathuea aeieaaia ?acaeaeaiea e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey aaiea, n oai,
/oiau ecaaaeaoue aiciiaeiiai ?enea eiioeaio?aoeee e ?anoe?eoue noa?u
e?aaeeoiaaiey. Oae,
iai?eia?, aaie iiaeao iaiai?eoue a naieo aioo?aiieo aeieoiaioao eeieou
e
i?ei?eoaoiue ii?yaeie e?aaeeoiaaiey ii?aaeaeaiiuo io?aneae eeai
eeeaioia,
a oaeaea ?acee/iua ia?u noeioee?iaaiey e ia?aie/aiey.
Aaieo oaeaea iaiaoiaeeii io?aceoue a naieo aeieoiaioao
ea?a?oe/aneia
?ani?aaeaeaiea noaiaie, iieiiou e iaeanoe ioaaonoaaiiinoe ?aaioieeia
aaiea, i?eieiathueo ?aoaiey i auaea/a e?aaeeoia n oeacaieai anao
iieiiii/ee, iaycaiiinoae, a oaeaea eeieoia noii, eioi?ua oiieiiii/ai
auaeaaaoue
eaaeaeue o?iaaiue yoie a?aaeaoeee n o/aoii o?aaiaaiee Eino?oeoeee
IAE? “Ia
ia?aie/aieyo e?aaeeoiaaiey”. Ai aioo?aiieo aeieoiaioao aaiea aeieaeii
auoue
ii?aaeaeaii ?ani?aaeaeaiea iieiiii/ee ia ooaa?aeaeaiea e?aaeeoa,
i?eia?ii
oaeei ia?acii:
N ¦O.E.I. nio?oaeieea¦ Aeieaeiinoue ¦
I?aaeaeueiay noiia
—+—————–+—————————-+——————-
¦I o?iaaiue: ¦
¦
1 ¦Eaaiia I.E. ¦yeiiiieno e?aaeeoiiai ioaeaea, ¦aei
____________ nii
2 ¦Anaiiaa A.A. ¦aaaeouee yeiiiieno e?aaeeoiiai ¦
¦ ¦ioaeaea
¦
¦II o?iaaiue: ¦
¦
1 ¦Oeie Y.?. ¦ia/aeueiee e?aaeeoiiai ioaeaea ¦aei
____________ nii
2 ¦Oo?iiaa?aa? Ae.E.¦oi?aaeythuee Eaieiiieueneiai ¦
¦ ¦oeeeaea
¦
…¦… ¦…
¦…
¦___ o?iaaiue: ¦
¦
¦E?aaeeoiue eiieoao¦
¦aei noiiu, i?aauoaiea
¦ ¦
¦eioi?ie ia?ooeo E1
———————————————————————-
Iiieii yoiai, aaie aeieaeai aeaoaeueii iaiai?eoue ii?yaeie
e?aaeeoiaaiey,
io?acea a naieo aeieoiaioao ana noaaeee, ia/eiay n iiiaioa iiaea/e
cayaee
ia iieo/aiea e?aaeeoa. A ii?iaoeaiuo aeieoiaioao aaiea aeieaeiu
i?eaiaeeoueny
oaeaea ana aeaeu e oi?iu aioo?aiiae io/aoiinoe, ?ac?aaioaiiua aaieii
ii
?aaioa, naycaiiie n e?aaeeoiaaieai.
E?iia yoiai, iniaaiii aaaeii io?aceoue ai aioo?aiieo aeieoiaioao
aaiea ana ia?ii?eyoey e i?ioeaaeo?u, iaania/eaathuea aeieaeiue o?iaaiue
iineaaeothuaai eiio?iey ia eaaeaeie ec ieaeai?eaaaeaiiuo noaaeee ?aaiou
n e?aaeeoaie.
Iaee/ea /aoeie e aeaoaeueiie e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee aaiea
niinianoaoao
aaaeaieth i?aaeeueiie ?aaiou n e?aaeeoaie e iaania/eaaao i?eaueueiinoue
?aaiou aaiea.
Aaie iaycai ?aaoey?ii ia?aniao?eaaoue naith e?aaeeoioth iieeoeeo,
e
aeinoaoi/ii aeaei ?aaae?iaaoue ia eciaiaiey, i?ienoiaeyuea a
yeiiiieea
?anioaeeee. I/aiue aaaeii, /oiau ai aioo?aiieo aeieoiaioao aaiea auee
/aoei ii?aaeaeaiu ana i?ioeaaeo?u e oneiaey e?aaeeoiaaiey, a oaeaea
ianoiyoaeuenoaa, i?e eioi?uo iie iiaoo eciaiyoueny.
1. I?aaeaa?eoaeueiay ?aaioa n e?aaeeoii
1.1. ?anniio?aiea cayaee ia e?aaeeo
Aeey oiai, /oiau naanoe e ieieioio aiciiaeiua a aeaeueiaeoai
i?iaeaiu,
?aaioo n e?aaeeoaie iaiaoiaeeii ia/eiaoue n iiiaioa i?eiyoey io
caaiueea
cayaee ia iieo/aiea e?aaeeoa. I?eia?iay oi?ia yoie cayaee i?eaaaeaia
a
i?eeiaeaiee 1 e ianoiyuae Eino?oeoeee. A eaaeaeii aaiea aeieaeai
eiaoueny ii?aaeaeaiiue ii?yaeie ?anniio?aiey cayaee ia iieo/aiea
e?aaeeoa, a oaeaea
?yae o?aaiaaiee, i?aaeuyaeyaiuo e eeoeo, ia?aoeaoaiony ca e?aaeeoii.
Eeoea,
caieiathueany ?anniio?aieai cayaie ia iieo/aiea e?aaeeoa, aeieaeiu, eae
ieieioi, auiieieoue neaaeothuea aeaenoaey:
a) eco/aiea iioaioeeaeueiiai caaiueea n i?eaea/aieai
iaeneiaeueii
iieiie eioi?iaoeee eae i iai naiii, oae e i oie io?anee yeiiiieee, a
eioi?ie ii iaia?aaaaony eniieueciaaoue iieo/aiiua n?aaenoaa. I?e
eco/aiee
neaaeoao o/eouaaoue, iieueciaaeny ee caaiuee e?aaeeoaie a i?ioeii,
eaeei
ia?acii inouanoaeyeny aica?ao, aai aeenoeeieeie?iaaiiinoue, noaiaiue
ioaaonoaaiiinoe, aioiaiinoue auiieiyoue naie iaycaoaeuenoaa. Oaeaea
neaaeoao
i?eieiaoue ai aieiaiea aai ?aiooaoeeth eae a i?ioanneiiaeueiii, oae e a
iaua/aeiaa/aneii ieaia, eiaao niune cai?ineoue eioi?iaoeeth i iai a
ae?oaeo
e?aaeeoiuo o/?aaeaeaieyo, anee aio i?aaeinoaaeyeenue e?aaeeou ?aiaa.
?anniao?eaaaony oaeaea n?ie e iiuo ?aaiou caaiueea a aeaiiie io?anee,
aai oniaoe
e aeinoeaeaiey;
a) i?iaaaeaiea aanaaeu n caaiueeii (anee caaiuee – th?eaee/aneia
eeoei,
oi n ?oeiaiaeeoaeyie i?aaei?eyoey), a oiaea eioi?ie neaaeoao ninoaaeoue
ia?aiia/aeueiue ineoieiae/aneee ii?o?ao caaiueea, ii?aaeaeeoue aai
eiiiaoaioiinoue e i?ioanneiiaeueioth iiaeaioiaeaiiinoue. A oiaea
aanaaeu ia neaaeoao
no?aieoueny auynieoue n?aco ana aniaeou aeayoaeueiinoe caaiueea, a
neiioeaio?e?iaaoue aieiaiea ia aaciauo aii?inao, i?aaenoaaeythueo
eioa?an a
naaoa aiciiaeiie auaea/e e?aaeeoa;
a) cai?in o caaiueea aeieoiaioia, iicaieythueo aieaa iieii
ioeaieoue
aai ninoiyiea, yoi:
– cayaea ia iieo/aiea e?aaeeoa n oeacaieai oeaee, o?aaoaiie
noiiu,
n?iea e oneiaee, ia eioi?uo aoaeao iieo/ai e?aaeeo;
– o/?aaeeoaeueiua aeieoiaiou (iioa?eaeueii caaa?aiiua eiiee);
– oeiainiaue io/ao n ioiaoeie iaeiaiauo i?aaiia, aeeth/athuee
aaeain
e io/ao i i?eaueyo e oauoeao ia eiiaoe i?aaeuaeouaai aiaea, a oaeaea ia
iineaaeithth io/aoioth aeaoo;
– ni?aaea ec noaoi?aaiia i ?aaeno?aoeee;
– ni?aaea ec iaeiaiauo i?aaiia ii ianoo ?aaeno?aoeee ia ionoonoaee
caaeieaeaiiinoe;
– aecian-ieai, aeeth/athuee a naay yeiiiie/aneia iainiiaaiea
eniieueciaaiey iieo/aaiuo n?aaenoa, iienaiea i?iaeoeoia eee oneoa,
iiea/eaaaiuo
iieo/aaiuie n?aaenoaaie, ieai i?iecaiaenoaa, io?aneaaie e ?uii/iua
i?iaiicu (iienaiea ?uiea, oeai), enoi/ieee, n?iee e ieai ia?ii?eyoee ii
iiaaoaieth e?aaeeoa, e o.i.;
– caiieiaiiay oeiiaay aieaoa (i?eia?iay oi?ia oaeie aieaou
i?eaiaeeony a i?eeiaeaiee 2), a eioi?ie caaiuee (?oeiaiaeeoaeue
i?aaei?eyoey a
neo/aa th?eaee/aneiai eeoea) aeieaeai oeacaoue iniiaiua naaaeaiey i naaa
e i
?oeiaiaeeiii ei i?aaei?eyoee;
– iioa?eaeueii caaa?aiiua ea?oi/ee n ia?acoeaie iiaeienae eeoe,
eiathueo i?aai ia?aie e aoi?ie iiaeiene;
– i?eia?iue i?iaiic aeaeaeaiey n?aaenoa caaiueea. I?eia?iay oi?ia
iiaeiaiiai i?iaiica i?eaaaeaia a i?eeiaeaiee 6;
– iienue eiouanoaa n oeacaieai noieiinoe, eeai eiua aa?aioee,
eioi?ua iiaoo auoue i?aaeinoaaeaiu caaiueeii a aeaea iaania/aiey
e?aaeeoa;
– i?i/ea aeieoiaiou, eioi?ua aaie ni/oao iaiaoiaeeiui cao?aaiaaoue
o
caaiueea (eiio?aeou, aeiaiai?a, ?aeiiaiaeaoaeueiua ienueia e o.i.).
A neo/aa, anee iaania/aieai iieo/aaiiai e?aaeeoa neoaeeo
/uey-eeai
aa?aioey, neaaeoao i?iaanoe ?aaioo ii eco/aieth aa?aioa, aai
i?ioanneiiaeueiie ?aiooaoeee, ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe, ioaaonoaaiiinoe e
aioiaiinoe auiieiyoue naie iaycaoaeuenoaa.
Ana auoaoeacaiiua aeaenoaey ?aaioieeia, eco/aaoeo caaiueea,
aeieaeiu
i?iecaiaeeoueny ia iniiaaiee aioo?aiieo aeieoiaioia aaiea,
ii?aaeaeythueo
aeieaeiinoiua iieiiii/ey e ooieoeeiiaeueiua iaycaiiinoe aeaiiuo
nio?oaeieeia.
Ana cayaee ia iieo/aiea e?aaeeoia a aaiea, i?aaenoaaeaiiua ia
?anniio?aiea, aeieaeiu ?aaeno?e?iaaoueny a aeo?iaea o/aoa, iacaaeneii io
i?eiyoiai ii cayaea ?aoaiey. I?eia?iay oi?ia aeo?iaea o/aoa i?eaaaeaia
a i?eeiaeaiee 3.
Iinea auiieiaiey caaiueeii anao auoaoeacaiiuo o?aaiaaiee, eeoea,
eco/aaoea caaiueea (eae i?aaeei, yoi aeieaeiu auoue ?aaioieee aaiea,
aoiaeyuea a ia?aue o?iaaiue ea?a?oe/aneie a?aaeaoeee eeoe, ioaaonoaaiiuo
ca auaea/o e?aaeeoia), aeieaeiu ia iniiaaiee iieo/aiiie eioi?iaoeee
ninoaaeoue
caeeth/aiea, a eioi?ii iaiaoiaeeii iainiiaaoue oeaeaniia?aciinoue
i?aaeinoaaeaiey eee iai?aaeinoaaeaiey caaiueeo e?aaeeoa e oeacaoue ana
i?e/eiu e iioeau yoiai. I?eia?iay oi?ia caeeth/aiey i?eaaaeaia a
i?eeiaeaiee 4.
Anee noiia, oeacaiiay a cayaea, ia i?aauoaao noiio, eioi?oth
oiieiiii/aiu auaeaaaoue nio?oaeieee, aoiaeyuea a ia?aue o?iaaiue, yoi
caeeth/aiea
aece?oaony e a neo/aa iieiaeeoaeueiiai ?aoaiey – iiaeoeaaaony a
e?aaeeoiia
aeaei caaiueea e e?aaeeo auaeaaony. A neo/aa ioeaca, caeeth/aiea,
iiaeienaiiia ?aaioieeaie, eco/aaoeie caaiueea, e niaea?aeauaa ana
i?e/eiu e iioeau
ioeaca, auaeaaony iiae ?anieneo ia ?oee caaiueeo. Anee caaiuee ia
iiaeao
i?eeoe a aaie, caeeth/aiea iinueaaony ii ii/oa n oaaaeiieaieai. A
yoii
neo/aa caaiuee aeieaeai auoue oaaaeiieai ia ioeaca ii oaeaoiio a
oa/aiea
aeiy e caienue ia yoii aeieaeia auoue caianaia a aeo?iae o/aoa cayaie.
Eiiey
caeeth/aiey a?oeae?oaony a onoaiiaeaiiii ii?yaeea. A neo/aa ioeaca
caaiuee eiaao i?aai aiaeee?iaaoue e E?aaeeoiiio Eiieoaoo aaiea. Anee
E?aaeeoiue Eiieoao ni/oao ioeac iainiiaaiiui, oi caeeth/aiea
iiaeienuaaaony
i?aaenaaeaoaeai (caianoeoaeai) Eiieoaoa e e?aaeeo ia auaeaaony. Anee aea
Eiieoao ni/oao ioeac iaiainiiaaiiui, oi ia caeeth/aiee noaaeony
niioaaonoaothuay ?aciethoeey e e?aaeeo auaeaaony iiae ioaaonoaaiiinoue
Eiieoaoa. I?e
yoii ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca auaea/o e?aaeeoa n eniieieoaeae ia?aiai
o?iaiy
nieiaaony.
A neo/aa, anee noiia, oeacaiiay a cayaea, i?aauoaao noiio, eioi?oth
oiieiiii/aiu auaeaaaoue ?aaioieee ia?aiai o?iaiy, oi caeeth/aiea n
?aeiiaiaeaoeeae auaea/e, iiaeienaiiia ?aaioieeaie ia?aiai o?iaiy,
i?aaenoaaeyaony ia ?anniio?aiea ?aaioieeia aaiea, aoiaeyueo a oio
o?iaaiue, a /ueth i?a?iaaoeao aoiaeeo ?aoaoue aii?in i i?aaeinoaaeaiee
e?aaeeoia ia oaeoth noiio.
Ia iniiaaiee yoie ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ?aaioieee aeaiiiai oiieiiii/aiiiai
o?iaiy
aeieaeiu ieii/aoaeueii ?aoeoue aii?in i auaea/a yoiai e?aaeeoa. I?e
iaiaoiaeeiinoe ?aaioieee yoiai o?iaiy iiaoo ioi?aaeoue caeeth/aiea ia
aei?aaioeo,
eee cao?aaiaaoue eaeea-eeai aeiiieieoaeueiua naaaeaiey i caaiueea,
eeai
i?iaanoe eaeia-oi nianoaaiiia eco/aiea caaiueea, aeeth/ay i?iaaaeaiea
n
iei aeiiieieoaeueiuo aanaae.
Iinea yoiai ?aoaiea aii?ina i auaea/a eee ioeaca a auaea/a
aeaiiiai
e?aaeeoa aeaiiiio caaiueeo i?iecaiaeeony a neaaeothuai ii?yaeea:
– anee a caeeth/aiee ia?aiai o?iaiy auei ?aeiiaiaeiaaii auaeaoue
e?aaeeo, e ?aaioieee oiieiiii/aiiiai o?iaiy niaeaniu n yoei, oi iie
iiaeienuaatho caeeth/aiea, i?aaenoaaeaiiia ei, e e?aaeeo auaeaaony
caaiueeo. A
yoii neo/aa ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca auaea/o aeaiiiai e?aaeeoa ianoo
?aaioieee
iaieo o?iaiae;
– anee a caeeth/aiee ia?aiai o?iaiy auei ?aeiiaiaeiaaii auaeaoue
e?aaeeo caaiueeo, a ?aaioieee oiieiiii/aiiiai o?iaiy ia niaeaniu n yoie
?aeiiaiaeaoeeae, oi eie noaaeony io?eoeaoaeueiay ?aciethoeey ia
caeeth/aiee ia?aiai o?iaiy, n oeacaieai i?e/ei e iioeaia, e yoa
ni?aaea auaeaaony iiae
?anieneo ianinoiyaoaiony caaiueeo. Eiiey caeeth/aiey, caaece?iaaiiay
?aaioieeaie oiieiiii/aiiiai o?iaiy, a?oeae?oaony a onoaiiaeaiiii
ii?yaeea.
Caaiuee iiaeao ia?aoeoueny e E?aaeeoiiio Eiieoaoo aaiea n aiaeeyoeeae
aeaiiiai ?aoaiey.
?aaioieee eaaeaeiai o?iaiy iiaoo, a caaeneiinoe io neooaoeee
(iai?eia?, ia iniiaaiee i?iaa?ee i?iaiica aeaeaeaiey n?aaenoa,
i?aaenoaaeaiiiai
caaiueeii), eciaiyoue oneiaey, iaiai?aiiua a cayaea eeeaioa –
nieaeaoue
(oaaee/eaaoue) noiio e?aaeeoa, nie?auaoue (i?iaeeaaaoue) n?iee e o.i.
Anee
eeeaio niaeanai n iiaeiaiuie eciaiaieyie, oi oaeo eciaiaiey
ia?aiia/aeueiuo oneiaee aeieaeai auoue ioia/ai (n oeacaieai anao i?e/ei
yoeo eciaiaiee) a aeo?iaea o/aoa cayaie e a e?aaeeoiii aeaea caaiueea a
neo/aa auaea/e
e?aaeeoa.
A neo/aa, anee aii?in i auaea/a e?aaeeoa caaiueeo ?aoaaony
iieiaeeoaeueii, oi ec iieo/aiiuo io iaai aeieoiaioia oi?ie?oaony
e?aaeeoiia aeaei
aeaiiiai caaiueea, a eioi?ia a aeaeueiaeoai aeieaeiu iiaeoeaaoueny ana
aeieoiaiou, eanathueany, eae aeaiiiai e?aaeeoa, oae e anao
iineaaeothueo e?aaeeoia, anee oaeiaua aoaeoo auaeaaaoueny aio a
aoaeouai.
A e?aaeeoiii aeaea caaiueea aeieaeai aanoenue o/ao anao ano?a/,
aanaae e
oaeaoiiiuo ia?aaiai?ia n caaiueeii, caeeth/aiee ii i?iaa?eai,
oeacuaaoueny e?aoeia niaea?aeaiea e ?acoeueoaou ia?aaiai?ia, a oaeaea
any ia?aienea,
naycaiiay n aeaiiui e?aaeeoii. I?eia?iay oi?ia o/aoa i?eaaaeaia a
i?eeiaeaiee 5.
?aeiiaiaeoaony oaeaea ?aaeaiaioe?iaaoue ?aaioo n e?aaeeoaie.
Aaieo
neaaeoao onoaiiaeoue oeene?iaaiiua n?iee ?aaiou n cayaeaie, eco/aiey
aeieoiaioia, oaaaeiieaiey eeeaioia ia ioeaca e o.ae. Auiieiaiea yoeo
n?ieia
aeieaeii ioneaaeeaaoueny i?aaiii, inouanoaeythuei aioo?aiiee eiio?ieue a
aaiea, ii aeo?iaeo o/aoa iieo/aiiuo cayaie e i?i/ei aioo?aiiei
aeieoiaioai
aaiea.
Oae, iai?eia?, iaeaieaa oeaeaniia?acii auei au onoaiiaeoue
neaaeothuea
n?iee: ?anniio?aiea cayaeaiee ia iieo/aiea e?aaeeoa aeieaeii
i?iecaiaeeoueny
a oa/aiea iaeiiai-aeaoo aeiae n iiiaioa eo iinooieaiey; aiaeec
aeieoiaioia
e auianaiea ?aoaiey – eae i?aaeei, a oa/aiea aeaoo iaaeaeue n
iiiaioa
i?aaenoaaeaiey (i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe iiaeao auoue i?iaeeaii aei aeaoo
ianyoeaa
oiieiiii/aiiui o?iaiai, /oi aeieaeii auoue iiaeoaa?aeaeaii
aeieoiaioaeueii);
oaaaeiieaiea ia ioeaca aeieaeii i?iecaiaeeoueny ia iicaeiaa
neaaeothuaai aeiy n
iiiaioa i?eiyoey ?aoaiey; eiioaeou n caaiueeii aeieaeiu
i?iecaiaeeoueny,
eae i?aaeei, ia ?aaea iaeiiai ?aca a iaaeaeth; i?iaa?ea n auacaeii e
eeeaioo
ii ia?a iaiaoiaeeiinoe, ii aeaeaoaeueii ia ?aaea iaeiiai ?aca a ianyoe e
o.ae.
1.2. Caeeth/aiea e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey
Iinea oiai, eae aaieii auei ?aoaii i?aaeinoaaeoue caaiueeo
e?aaeeo,
iaiaoiaeeii caeeth/eoue n caaiueeii e?aaeeoiia niaeaoaiea. A eaaeaeii
aaiea
oeaeaniia?acii eiaoue naith oeiiaoth oi?io e?aaeeoiiai aeiaiai?a,
iaeiaei a
eaaeaeii eiie?aoiii neo/aa aaie iiaeao aaiaeeoue aeiiieieoaeueiua
oneiaey, eioi?uo iiaeao ia auoue a oeiiaie oi?ia. I?e caeeth/aiee
e?aaeeoiiai niaeaoaiey neaaeoao iaiai?eoue ana oneiaey, ia eioi?uo
auaeaaony e aoaeao iiaaoaoueny e?aaeeo, aeey oiai, /oiau a aeaeueiaeoai
ecaaaeaoue aiciiaeiuo i?iaeai
n aica?aoiinoueth. A e?aaeeoiii aeiaiai?a oeacuaaaony noiia, n?ie,
oi?ia
auaea/e e?aaeeoa, oneiaey, ia eioi?uo ii auaeaaony, iaania/aiea (anee
oaeiaia eiaaony), ii?yaeie e enoi/ieee iiaaoaiey. Ninoaaeyy a?aoee
ieaiiaiai iiaaoaiey e?aaeeoa e i?ioeaioia ii iaio, oeaeaniia?acii
i?eaioe?iaaoueny ii i?aaenoaaeaiiiio caaiueeii (e iaycaoaeueii
i?iaa?aiiiio aaieii)
i?iaiico aeaeaeaiey n?aaenoa. Aeaou ieaiiauo auieao ?acoiiaa niioianoe
n
i?iaiice?oaiuie aeaoaie iaee/ey aeinoaoi/iiai eiee/anoaa n?aaenoa o
caaiueea. I?e yoii ia iaycaoaeueii i?eaaaaoue e noa?aioeiiiio ii?yaeeo,
eiaaea
iaaeaeo ieaiiauie auieaoaie niaethaeathony ?aaiua i?iiaaeooee a?aiaie.
Iniaaiii aaaeii i?aaeoniio?aoue a aeiaiai?a ia?eiaee/aneia
i?aaeinoaaeaiea caaiueeii oeiainiaie io/aoiinoe ai a?aiy
iieueciaaiey caaiiuie
n?aaenoaaie, ia iniiaaiee eioi?ie aaie aoaeao ioneaaeeaaoue
niioaaonoaea
aeayoaeueiinoe caaiueea n i?aaenoaaeaiiuie aecian-ieaiii, i?iaiicii
aeaeaeaiey n?aaenoa e i?aaeiieaaaaiui a?aoeeii iiaaoaiey e?aaeeoa.
Oaeaea oeaeaniia?acii iaiai?eoue a aeiaiai?a ana naieoeee e ia?u,
eioi?ua aoaeoo i?aaei?eieiaoueny a neo/aa i?in?i/ee ieaiiauo auieao ii
e?aaeeoo eee aai iaaica?aoa. E?iia yoiai, a aeiaiai?a neaaeoao
oeacaoue i?ei?eoaoiue ii?yaeie iiaaoaiey i?in?i/aiiie caaeieaeaiiinoe
(eaeoth /anoue caaeieaeaiiinoe iiaaoaoue
a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue – iniiaioth noiio eee ia/eneaiiua i?ioeaiou, eeai
aeieaaia ?ani?aaeaeaiea eo iiaaoaiey). E?iia yoiai, neaaeoao niaianoii n
caaiueeii ?ac?aaioaoue e ooaa?aeeoue i?aaeiieaaaaiue a?aoee iiaaoaiey
caaeieaeaiiinoe n aeaoaeueiui iienaieai ii?yaeea e n?ieia iiaaoaiey.
Yoio a?aoee
neaaeoao i?eeiaeeoue e e?aaeeoiiio niaeaoaieth. I?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe
aeiaiai?
iiaeao auoue ninoaaeai ia ianeieueeeo ycueao.
Aaconeiaii, /anoue ioieoia aeiaiai?a, ninoaaeaiiiai niaeanii
aeaiiie
Eino?oeoeee, iiaeao iieacaoueny (a a eiia/iii eoiaa e ieacaoueny)
eceeoiae,
iaeiaei a eioa?anao aaiea i?aaeaa?eoaeueii cano?aoiaaoue naay io
aiciiaeiuo
yenoeannia.
Eiee/anoai yecaiiey?ia caeeth/aaiiai niaeaoaiey aeieaeii auoue ia
iaiaa eiee/anoaa caeeth/athueo aai noi?ii. Eaaeaeay caeeth/athuay
aeiaiai? noi?iia aeieaeia iieo/eoue iiaeienaiiue anaie noi?iiaie
i?eaeiae yecaiiey?a
e?aaeeoiiai aeiaiai?a. E?aaeeoiue aeiaiai? ia aeieaeai ie a eaeie ec
naieo
/anoae i?ioeai?a/eoue aeaenoaothuaio caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao Eu?aucneie
?anioaeeee, a oaeaea ii?iaoeaiui aeieoiaioai IAE?.
1.3. Ioi?ieaiea iaania/aiey e?aaeeoa
Aica?ao e?aaeeoa aeieaeai auoue iaania/ai, eae i?aaeei, ia?ae/iuie
enoi/ieeaie iiaaoaiey, aeey /aai aaieo iaiaoiaeeii, iieuecoynue
i?aaenoaaeaiiui caaiueeii io/aoii i i?eaueyo e oauoeao, ouaoaeueii
ia?ai?iaa?eoue
aeinoiaa?iinoue i?iaiica i aeaeaeaiee n?aaenoa caaiueea. E?iia oiai,
aeaeaoaeueii, /oiau e?aaeeo aue iaania/ai e aoi?e/iuie enoi/ieeaie
iiaaoaiey caeiaii, aa?aioeyie e o.i.
A neo/aa, anee auaea/a e?aaeeoa inouanoaeyaony iiae caeia, aaie
aeieaeai i?iaanoe eco/aiea caeiaa. Iaeaieaa i?aaeii/oeoaeueiui
caeiaii aeey
aaiea yaeythony ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiua a onoaiiaeaiiii ii?yaeea
i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua oeaiiua aoiaae, a oaeaea aeaiiceo, niaea?aeeiue
caaiueeii a yoii aaiea. I?e yoii i?aaeii/oeoaeueii, /oiau aeaiiceo
niaea?aeaeny a niiao, eeai a
aaethoa, aoiaeyuae a ei?ceio NAe?. Anee e?aaeeo auaeaaony iiae oaeie
caeia,
aaieo neaaeoao eeoue i?iaa?eoue, /oiau iiiaio iiaaoaiey oeaiiuo aoiaa
ia
ianooiae aei enoa/aiey n?iea e?aaeeoa. Aeey iieiie aa?aioee aica?aoa
aaieo
oeaeaniia?acii i?eieiaoue a caeia oeaiiua aoiaae e aeaiiceou ia noiio,
?aaioth noiia e?aaeeoa e i?ioeaioia ii iaio, a oaeaea iaiai?eoue a
aeiaiai?a,
/oi a neo/aa iaaica?aoa aaie iiaeao a aannii?iii ii?yaeea iiaaoaoue
nnoaeo
ca n/ao caeiaa.
A neo/aa, anee caeiaii yaeythony oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiua
oeaiiinoe,
iaaeaeaeeiinoue e o.ae., aaieo oaeaea aeaeaoaeueii auaeaaaoue e?aaeeo
iiae caeia,
noieiinoue eioi?iai i?aauoaao noiio auaeaaaaiiai e?aaeeoa. Yoi
o?aaiaaiea
aucaaii oai, /oi aaieo neaaeoao iiaeno?aoiaaoue naay ia neo/ae
iaaica?aoa
caaiueeii nnoaeu, e anee aaieo i?eaeaony iiaaoaoue caaeieaeaiiinoue
iooai ?aaeecaoeee caeiaiaiai eiouanoaa, oi aiciiaeiu iaaeaeaoaeueiua
iioa?e, aucaaiiua, e i?eia?o, nieaeaieai oeaiu caeiaa aaeaeo
n?i/iinoe i?iaeaaee eee
eciaiaieai eiiuthieoo?u ?uiea. E?iia oiai, ?aaeecoy caeia, aaie
iiaeao
iie?uoue ca n/ao au?o/aiiuo n?aaenoa e iaiieo/aiioth i?eaueue io
i?ioeaioia.
Iiieii yoiai, auaeaaay e?aaeeo iiae caeia, aaie iaycai:
– i?iaa?eoue, i?eiaaeeaaeeo ee caeeaaeuaaaiia eiouanoai caaiueeo,
cao?aaiaaoue ienueiaiiia niaeanea anao nianoaaiieeia caeeaaeuaaaiiai
eiouanoaa, a neo/aa, anee nianoaaiiinoue eieeaeoeaiay;
– i?iaa?eoue, ia caeiaeaii ee yoi eiouanoai ?aiaa ae?oaiio
e?aaeeoi?o;
– a neo/aa, anee noieiinoue caeiaa, oeacaiiay a iiaeoaa?aeaeathueo
aeieoiaioao, aucuaaao niiiaiey, onoaiiaeoue naith noieiinoue,
i?aaeaa?eoaeueii
ioeaiea aai eeai naiinoiyoaeueii eeai n i?eaea/aieai
eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo
niaoeeaeenoia;
– i?iaanoe ia?eaoeiaiaia enneaaeiaaiea caeeaaeuaaaiiai
eiouanoaa,
ii?aaeaeeoue noaiaiue aai eeeaeaeiinoe, ?aaeueioth ?uii/ioth noieiinoue
e i?aaeiieiaeeoaeueioth i?iaeaaeioth oeaio ia iiiaio aiciiaeiie
?aaeecaoeee caeiaa aaieii a neo/aa iaaica?aoa nnoaeu;
– a neo/aa iaee/ey iianaiee ii iiaiaeo nieaeaiey noieiinoe
caeiaiaiai eiouanoaa e iiiaioo enoa/aiey n?iea e?aaeeoa (e i?eia?o,
ec-ca naciiiiai iaaeaiey oeai), oi anoue, anee aaie n/eoaao, /oi a
neo/aa iaaica?aoa
caaiueeii nnoaeu ?aaeecaoeey caeiaa ia iie?iao iieiinoueth
caaeieaeaiiinoe,
aaieo noieo iio?aaiaaoue aeiiieieoaeueiiai caeiaiaiai iaania/aiey.
I?e auaea/a e?aaeeoa iiae caeia oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae
aaie
aieaa iaaciianeo naay io aiciiaeiuo oauoeia ii aeaiiiio e?aaeeoo, anee
ii
ioi?ieyao caeia a aeaea caeeaaea. I?e yoii aaaeii aeaoaeueii iaiai?eoue
a aeiaiai?a ana oneiaey iieueciaaiey caeiaeaiiui eiouanoaii, aeeth/ay
i?aaa,
iaycaiiinoe iieueciaaoaey, a oaeaea eoaea aoaeoo iai?aaeyoueny
n?aaenoaa, au?o/aiiua i?e iieueciaaiee caeiaii. A i?ioeaiii neo/aa
caaiuee, iieuecoynue
caeiaeaiiui eiouanoaii ai a?aiy n?iea e?aaeeoa, iiaeao nieceoue aai
?aaeueioth noieiinoue, /oi a neo/aa iaaica?aoa caaiueeii nnoaeu
nieceo oainu
aaiea iiaaneoue aai caaeieaeaiiinoue iooai ?aaeecaoeee caeiaa.
I?e auaea/a e?aaeeoa, iaania/aiiiai eaeie-eeai aa?aioeae eeai
ii?o/eoaeuenoaii, aaie aeieaeai i?iaa?eoue i?aaeeueiinoue caiieiaiey
aa?aioeeiiai
iaycaoaeuenoaa, a oaeaea neaaeoao ee ec iaai, /oi aa?aio (ii?o/eoaeue)
iaycai a neo/aa iaaica?aoa auieaoeoue caaeieaeaiiinoue caaiueea a
aannii?iii
ii?yaeea. Eiia/ii, aaieo aeaeaoaeueii iieo/eoue aa?aioeth eae ia
iniiaioth
noiio e?aaeeoa, oae e ia i?ioeaiou ii iaio. Aeey aieueoae aaciianiinoe
aaieo oeaeaniia?acii o?aaiaaoue, /oiau e aa?aioeeiiio iaycaoaeuenoao
i?eeaaaeenue iaiaoiaeeiua ieaoaaeiua aeieoiaiou, iaeiicia/ii
iaoneaaeeaathuea aannii?iue ii?yaeie acuneaiey caaeieaeaiiinoe n aa?aioa
a neo/aa iaaica?aoa
caaeieaeaiiinoe caaiueeii. E?iia yoiai, aaieo neaaeoao ioeaieoue
ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoue aa?aioa (ii?o/eoaey) ia oieueei a iiiaio auaea/e
e?aaeeoa, ii e
iiiuoaoueny ii?aaeaeeoue noaiaiue aai ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe e iiiaioo
enoa/aiey n?iea e?aaeeoa. Neaaeoao oaeaea ia?aoeoue aieiaiea ia
ninoiyiea aaiea,
a eioi?ii ianeoaeeaaaony aa?aio.
Anee e?aaeeo auaeaaony aaieii iiae caeia, e?iia e?aaeeoiiai
aeiaiai?a
iaiaoiaeeii ninoaaeoue aeiaiai? i caeiaa. A yoii aeiaiai?a i caeiaa
aeieaeiu
iaiaa?eaaoueny ana niaoeeoeeaoeee caeeaaeuaaaiiai eiouanoaa, oneiaey
i?aaeinoaaeaiey caeiaa, oneiaey e ii?yaeie ia?aoiaea caeiaa a
nianoaaiiinoue
aaiea a neo/aa iaaica?aoa caaiueeii nnoaeu, e ae?oaea o?aaiaaiey e
iaycaiiinoe noi?ii ii ioiioaieth e caeiao. E aeiaiai?o i?eeaaaaony
iieiay
iienue caeeaaeuaaaiiai eiouanoaa n oeacaieai oeai, a oaeaea, anee
eiathony,
na?oeoeeaou, oaeinoiaa?aiey e i?i/ay oaoie/aneay aeieoiaioaoeey.
Aeiaiai? i
caeiaa ia aeieaeai i?ioeai?a/eoue caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao Eu?aucneie
?anioaeeee,
a a neo/ayo, onoaiiaeaiiuo caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii, ii aeieaeai auoue
iioa?eaeueii caaa?ai. Eiee/anoai iiaeeeiiuo yecaiiey?ia aeieaeii auoue
ia iaiaa, /ai
/enei caeeth/eaoeo aeiaiai? noi?ii.
Iaee/ea caeiaa i?aaeiieaaaao iaee/ea ii?aaeaeaiiie nenoaiu aai
aaeieieno?e?iaaiey: aeieaeii auoue i?iaaaeaii ianeaaeiaaiea
ninoiyiey caeiaa,
inouanoaeaia aai ioeaiea e ninoaaeai ieai eiio?iey ca oneiaeyie
niaea?aeaiey caeiaa (i?eeiaeaiea 7).
Iaiaoiaeeii iiiieoue, /oi caeia e aa?aioee (ii?o/eoaeuenoaa)
yaeythony
aoi?e/iuie enoi/ieeaie iaania/aiey, e iiaaoaiea e?aaeeoa iooai
?aaeecaoeee caeiaeaiiiai eiouanoaa yaeyaony e?aeiae e iaaeaeaoaeueiie
aeey aaiea
ia?ie, iineieueeo iii nii?yaeaii n ?yaeii aeeeoaeueiuo
ath?ie?aoe/aneeo ia?ii?eyoee, e ioieiaao iiiai nee e a?aiaie. Iiyoiio a
neo/aa, anee caaiuee ia iiaaoaao caaeieaeaiiinoue, aaieo aeaeaoaeueii
eeai i?iecaiaeeoue ?aaeecaoeeth caeiaeaiiiai eiouanoaa niaianoii n
caaiueeii, eeai i?aaeinoaaeoue
yoo i?ioeaaeo?o aio naiiio, inouanoaeyy iaiaoiaeeiue eiio?ieue.
2. ?aaioa ii oaeouei e?aaeeoai
A oeaeyo i?ioeeaeoe/aneiai i?aaeioa?auaiey aiciiaeiuo iioa?ue ii
auaeaiiui e?aaeeoai, aaieo iinea auaea/e nnoaeu iaiaoiaeeii
inouanoaeyoue iinoiyiiue eiio?ieue ca e?aaeeoii. Nio?oaeieee aaiea,
ioaa/athuea ca ?aaioo n
e?aaeeoaie, aeieaeiu iinoiyiii neaaeeoue ca niioaaonoaeai ?aaeueiiai
aeaeaeaiey
n?aaenoa caaiueea i?iaiico, aecian-ieaio, a oaeaea a?aoeeo iiaaoaiey
caaeieaeaiiinoe. Iaiaoiaeeii iiaeaea?aeeaaoue iai?a?uaiue eiioaeo n
caaiueeii,
auoue ii aiciiaeiinoe a eo?na aai i?iaeai e aeayoaeueiinoe, a oaeaea
ciaoue
aai ieaiu e iaia?aiey. Ana yoe aeaenoaey iiiiaoo aaieo a auyaeaiee
aiciiaeiuo oaiaeaioeee e oooaeoaieth ninoiyiey caaiueea, a,
neaaeiaaoaeueii, e
e?aaeeoa. *ai auno?aa aoaeoo auyaeaiu e ii?aaeaeaiu yoe oaiaeaioeee,
oai
iia?aoeaiaa aaie niiaeao i?eiyoue iaiaoiaeeiua i?aaaioeaiua ia?u ii
eni?aaeaieth neooaoeee e iaania/eoue caueoo naieo eioa?ania. Iiyoiio
?aaioieeai, auiieiythuei ooieoeee ii iiieoi?eiao e?aaeeoia, a neo/aa
iaia?oaeaiey eaeiai-eeai, ionoue aeaaea naiiai iacia/eoaeueiiai
iaia/athuaainy oooaeoaiey, neaaeoao i?eieiaoue niioaaonoaothuea ia?u. E
i?eciaeai, eioi?ua iiaoo neoaeeoue i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiuie eiaeeeaoi?aie,
ioiinyony, a /anoiinoe:
– ianaiaa?aiaiiia, iaiieiia e iaioioiia i?aaeinoaaeaiea
eioi?iaoeee
i oeiainiaii iieiaeaiee, a oaeaea iiaeic?aiey i aiciiaeiie
iaaeinoiaa?iinoe i?aaeinoaaeyaiuo naaaeaiee;
– ?anoiaeaeaiey n i?aaenoaaeaiiui i?iaiicii aeaeaeaiey n?aaenoa e
aecian-ieaiii;
– ianaiaa?aiaiiay auieaoa i?ioeaioia;
– i?inueaa i i?ieiiaaoeee;
– iaoeaeaaia eniieueciaaiea e?aaeeoa;
– oeeiiaiea caaiueea io eiioaeoia n aaieii;
– i?aoaaee/aiiue iioeieci e iiauoaiiia ae?oaeaethaea e aaieo,
aucuaathuaa niiiaiea a ene?aiiinoe;
– ia?aaea/a e i?iaeaaea nianoaaiiinoe;
– ia?aaeueiua ieaiu, i?iaeaeoa?noai, iaaaeaeaaoiay ioeaiea
neooaoeee,
iaiau/iua i?aaeeiaeaiey;
– iaaaoeaiay eioi?iaoeey, iieo/aiiay i eeeaioa ec eaeeo-eeai
enoi/ieeia;
– eciaiaiey (iaiaycaoaeueii a ooaeooth noi?iio) a yeiiiie/aneie,
iieeoe/aneie e ae?oaeo noa?ao, eoaea eeeaio iiianoee caaiiua n?aaenoaa;
– i?eciaee ia?anoaiey eiioeeeoa aioo?e i?aaei?eyoey-caaiueea;
– niaia ?oeiaiaenoaa i?aaei?eyoey-caaiueea;
– e o.ae.
I?e auyaeaiee eaeeo-eeai ec auoaoeacaiiuo i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiuo
neaiaeia, aaieo iaiaoiaeeii ooi/ieoue i?e/eio eo iiyaeaiey. Anee yoa
i?e/eia oaeo a naaa oioue ieieiaeueioth aiciiaeiinoue iioaioeeaeueiiai
oooaeoaiey ninoiyiey e?aaeeoa, aaieo neaaeoao acyoue aeaiiue e?aaeeo
iiae iniaue eiio?ieue e i?eiyoue ana iaaeeaaeauea ia?u aeey iaania/aiey
caueou naieo eioa?ania. Eae i?eia? oaeeo ia? iiaeii i?eaanoe:
aiai/a?aaeioth i?iaa?eo iaee/ey e oneiaee niaea?aeaiey caeiaa,
i?eaea/aiea aeiiieieoaeueiiai iaania/aiey, i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiua aanaaeu
e eiua aeaeu ineoieiae/aneiai aicaeaenoaey ia eeeaioa, i?einoaiiaeaiea
i/a?aaeiuo auieao ii e?aaeeoo aei ieii/aoaeueiiai i?iyniaiey
neooaoeee, aieaa aeaoaeueiia nenoaiaoece?iaaiiia eco/aiea caaiueea e
ninoiyiey io?anee, a eioi?oth ii iiianoee caiyoua n?aaenoaa, e ae?.
I?e i?iaaaeaiee ?aaiou n e?aaeeoii neaaeoao aeieoiaioe?iaaoue e
aanoe o/ao anao ia?ii?eyoee, i?iaiaeeiuo n iei, aeeth/ay caienue a
aeo?iaea e?aoeiai niaea?aeaiey oaeaoiiiuo ia?aaiai?ia e ano?a/ n
eeeaioii, i?ioieie i?iaiaeeiuo n iei aanaae e o.i., a oaeaea
iaycaoaeueii ioneaaeeaaoue e caiieiyoue a?aoee iiaaoaiey e?aaeeoa e
i?ioeaioia ii iaio (i?eeiaeaiea 8). Iniaaiii aaaeii i?iecaiaeeoue oaeie
o/ao a ?aaioa n i?iaeaiiuie e?aaeeoaie.
3. Iiieoi?eia i?iaeaiiuo e?aaeeoia
3.1. Ia?ii?eyoey, naycaiiua n i?iaeaiiuie e?aaeeoaie
A neo/aa, anee ia?u, i?eiyoua aaieii niaeanii ioieoo 2, ia i?eaaee
e aeieaeiiio ?acoeueoaoo, aaieo neaaeoao ioianoe yoe e?aaeeou e
eaoaai?ee i?iaeaiiuo, ni anaie auoaeathueie ionthaea iineaaenoaeyie.
Aeey aaaeaiey ?aaiou n ieie a aaiea aeieaeai auoue nicaeai
niaoeeaeueiue Eiieoao ii ?aaioa n i?iaeaiiuie e?aaeeoaie, a aaaeaiea
eioi?iai ia?aaeathony ana e?aaeeou, i?eciaiiua oaeiauie. A ia?aoth
i/a?aaeue neaaeoao i?iecaanoe ia?aniio? eeanneoeeaoeee iiaeiaiuo
e?aaeeoia a noi?iio oooaeoaiey n niioaaonoaothueie io/eneaieyie a ?IIO.
E iinoiyiiiio ia?aniio?o eeanneoeeaoeee i?iaeaiiuo e?aaeeoia neaaeoao
ioianoenue n iniaaiiie ouaoaeueiinoueth, oae eae naiaa?aiaiiia
auyaeaiea iaaaoeaiuo oaiaeaioeee iicaieeo aaieo aia?aiy cano?aoiaaoueny
io aiciiaeiiai oua?aa iooai iiaeaioiaee ia? ii iaania/aieth
aica?aoiinoe, a oaeaea niioaaonoaothuei oaaee/aieai io/eneaiee a ?aca?a.
Caoai aaieo iaiaoiaeeii ia/aoue ia?eaoeiaiaia enneaaeiaaiea ?uiea
n oeaeueth aiciiaeiie ?aaeecaoeee caeiaa (anee a caeia acyou
oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiua oeaiiinoe e iaaeaeaeeiinoue). Yoi enneaaeiaaiea
neaaeoao i?iaiaeeoue iinoiyiii, eeai oi?ne?oy ia?ii?eyoey, naycaiiua n
i?iaeaaeae caeiaa, eeai nai?a/eaay eo, i?eaioe?oynue i?e yoii ia oiae
?aaiou ii iaania/aieth aica?aoiinoe. A naiii ooaeoai neo/aa, eiaaea
iaania/eoue aica?aoiinoue eiuie iooyie, e?iia ?aaeecaoeee caeiaa, ia
i?aaenoaaeyaony aiciiaeiui, yoi enneaaeiaaiea neaaeoao caaa?oeoue
aeaoaeueiui caeeth/aieai ii iiaiaeo caeiaa n oeacaieai noaiaie aai
eeeaeaeiinoe ia oaeouee iiiaio, iienaieai ii?yaeea ?aaeecaoeee e
i?eia?iiai aeeaiaciia i?iaeaaeiuo oeai. Oaeaea a caeeth/aiee iiaeao
auoue oeacaii iiaiea Eiieoaoa i oii, noieo ee ?aaeeciaaoue caeia nae/an,
eeai eiaao niune iiaeiaeaeaoue (n oai, /oiau a aeaeueiaeoai i?iaeaoue
aai ii aieaa aunieie oeaia).
A oeaeyo iaania/aiey naiaa?aiaiiiai iiaaoaiey caaeieaeaiiinoe
caaiueea, aaie iiaeao iaiai?eoue a e?aaeeoiii aeiaiai?a, /oi iiaaoaiea
caaeieaeaiiinoe ca n/ao aoi?e/iuo enoi/ieeia aiciiaeii e aei enoa/aiey
n?iea e?aaeeoa. A yoii neo/aa aaieo oeaeaniia?acii ii?aaeaeeoue a
aeiaiai?a n?ie, iinea eioi?iai aiciiaeii iiaaoaiea caaeieaeaiiinoe n
iiiiuueth aoi?e/iuo enoi/ieeia iiaaoaiey – iai?eia?, iinea i?in?i/ee
aeaoo ieaiiauo auieao, eae ii iniiaiie noiia e?aaeeoa, oae e ii
ia/eneaiiui i?ioeaioai ii iaio. A yoii neo/aa iaiouaieaiie /anoueth
e?aaeeoiiai aeiaiai?a aeieaeia noaoue aeiaa?aiiinoue caaiueea ia
?aaeecaoeeth caeiaa. Ia?yaeo n yoeie ia?aie iaiaoiaeeii aanoe
iinoiyiioth ?aaioo a naiei caaiueeii – oaaaeiieaiea caaiueea i oii,
/oi n?ie e?aaeeoa i?in?i/ai e i aiciiaeiuo i?iaeaiao, naycaiiuo n yoei,
aaaeaiea ia?aaiai?ia, aucia caaiueea a aaie, i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe
aiciiaeii eioi?iaoeeth i iaaeia?iniaanoiii caaiueea iioaeeeiaaoue a
ia?eiaee/aneie ia/aoe e o.ae.
Eiieoao ii ?aaioa n i?iaeaiiuie e?aaeeoaie aeieaeai iaania/eoue
aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiue iiaeoiae e eaaeaeiio e?aaeeoo. A iaeioi?uo neo/ayo
oeaeaniia?acii aoaeao ia oaeanoi/aoue i?eiaiyaiua e caaiueeo ia?u, a
iaiai?io, i?iecaanoe iaeioi?ua iineaaeaiey n oai, /oiau caaiuee,
i?aiaeieaa a?aiaiiua o?oaeiinoe, niia a iineaaeothuai ainnoaiiaeoue
aeiaa?ea aaiea e auaeaiiue aio e?aaeeo iia auoue eneeth/ai ec eaoaai?ee
i?iaeaiiuo. I?eia?ii oaeeo ia? iiaoo neoaeeoue: a?aiaiiia
iiieaeaiea noaaee oaeoueo i?ioeaioiuo auieao, i?ieiiaaoeey n?iea auieao
(n eciaiaieai i?ioeaioiie noaaee eee aac iiiai), i?aaeinoaaeaiea
eiinaeoeiaiauo oneoa n oeaeueth ia?ai?eaioaoeee caaiueea ia ?aciauaiea
n?aaenoa a ae?oaoth, aieaa aeioiaeioth io?aneue, e ethaay ae?oaay
iia?aoeey, i?aaeinoaaeythuay eaeea-eeai onooiee caaiueeo. A eiioea
eaaeaeie iaaeaee Eiieoao ii ?aaioa n i?iaeaiiuie e?aaeeoaie aeieaeai
i?aaenoaaeyoue ia ?anniio?aiea ?oeiaiaenoao (Eiieoaoo ii e?aaeeoiie
iieeoeea) io/ao i ?aaioa, i?iaeaeaiiie ca iaaeaeth, a eioi?ii
oeacuaathony ana i?iaaaeaiiua ca iaaeaeth ia?u ii aica?aoo i?iaeaiiuo
e?aaeeoia, a oaeaea ia?aniio?aiioth eeanneoeeaoeeth e?aaeeoiiai
ii?ooaey. A caeeth/aiea io/aoa aeieaeiu auoue i?aaenoaaeaiu
i?aaeeiaeaiey ii aeaeueiaeoae ?aaioa n i?iaeaiiuie e?aaeeoaie, eioi?ua
iiaoo aeeth/aoue a naay, a /anoiinoe, ia?a/aiue e?aaeeoia, ii eioi?ui
neaaeoao ia/eiaoue noaeaaiia i?iecaiaenoai, nienie e iauoth noiio
e?aaeeoia, eioi?ua iaaeeaaeeo nienaoue, ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii
i?iaaaeaieth eaeeo-eeai aeaenoaee ii ioiioaieth e ioaeaeueiui caaiueeai
e o.ae. e o.i. I?iaiaey ?aaioo n caaiueeaie, ec-ca
iaaeia?iniaanoiinoe eioi?uo auaeaiiua ei e?aaeeou iiiaee a eaoaai?eth
i?iaeaiiuo, ?aaioieee aaieia ie i?e eaeeo oneiaeyo ia aeieaeiu oa?youe
eiio?ieue iaae neooaoeeae, e anaaaea aeieaeiu iiiieoue, /oi auaea/a
e?aaeeoa inouanoaeyeanue aaieii aeia?iaieueii e ia iniiaaiee eco/aiey
ninoiyiey caaiueea. Ana naie aeaenoaey nio?oaeieee aaieia aeieaeiu
?aaeaiaioe?iaaoue enoiaey ec yoie iinueee, iie iaycaiu aeaenoaiaaoue
ni anae aiciiaeiie ei??aeoiinoueth e oaeoii, e a naiai ni?aaaaeeeaii
no?aieaiee acuneaoue n caaiueea i?aaeinoaaeyaiua aio n?aaenoaa ie a eiai
neo/aa ia aeieaeiu auoiaeeoue ec ?aiie, iaoneiaeaiiuo iaua/aeiaa/aneeie
ii?iaie iiaaaeaiey, caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii Eu?aucneie ?anioaeeee e
ii?iaoeaiuie aeoaie Iaoeeiiaeueiiai aaiea Eu?aucnoaia
3.2. Ia?u ii iaania/aieth aica?aoiinoe
Anee ?acoeueoaou i?iaaaeaiiuo ia?ii?eyoee iaaeinoaoi/iu, ii
iiaieth aaiea, aeey auiieiaiey oneiaee e?aaeeoa, oi aaieo neaaeoao
ia?aoiaeeoue e iaania/aieth aica?aoiinoe aieaa ?aaeeeaeueiuie iaoiaeaie.
Iaeiaei, i?eiaiyoue yoe iaoiaeu noieo ia ?aiaa, /ai aaie ieii/aoaeueii
oaaaeeony a iaaiciiaeiinoe iieo/aiey naieo n?aaenoa iau/iui iooai.
Iaeeo/oei aa?eaioii aeey aaiea auea au ?ac?aaioea niaianoii n caaiueeii
eiie?aoiiai ieaia ia?ii?eyoee ii iiaaoaieth i?iaeaiiiai e?aaeeoa.
Iaeiaei yoio aa?eaio aiciiaeai oieueei a oii neo/aa, anee caaiuee nai
caeioa?aniaai a eni?aaeaiee neiaeeaoaeny neooaoeee, caneoaeeaaao
aeiaa?ey e iioaioeeaeueii niiniaai ainnoaiiaeoue i?eaueueiinoue
(naiinoiyoaeueii eee n iiiiuueth aaiea). E?iia oiai, i?iaaaeaiea yoiai
aa?eaioa o?aaoao oaeaea ii?aaeaeaiey iiceoeee naiiai aaiea – anee
aaciaaeaaeiua aeieae ninoaaeytho cia/eoaeueioth /anoue e?aaeeoiiai
ii?ooaey aaiea, oi aaieo ia neaaeoao aaycuaaoueny a aei?iainoiyuoth
iia?aoeeth noaeaaiiai ?acae?aoaeuenoaa, a i?aaeii/oeoaeueiaa
aeiaiai?eoueny n caaiueeii. ?ac?aaioea yoiai ieaia aeieaeia
i?iecaiaeeoueny ia iniiaa oao ioieoia e?aaeeoiiai aeiaiai?a, a eioi?uo
iaiaa?eaaeenue oneiaey iiaaoaiey e?aaeeoa a neo/aa iaaica?aoa (i?e
yoii, anee ?aaeueii iaaiciiaeii aica?aoeoue anth caaeieaeaiiinoue,
aaie iiaeao iieoe ia iaeioi?ua onooiee, n oai, /oiau aica?aoeoue oioy
au /anoue aeiaeaiiuo n?aaenoa). Yoio ieai iiaeao aeeth/aoue i?iaeaaeo
aeoeaia caaiueea, nie?auaiea aai ?anoiaeia, niaio ?oeiaiaenoaa, noeey
?aaiou e iieeoeee caaiueea, eciaiaiea aai ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee
aieioue aei iieiie ia?ai?eaioaoeee aai aeayoaeueiinoe. Oaeaea iaeiei ec
iniiaiuo ninoaaeythueo yoiai ieaia iiaeao auoue iiaaoaiea
caaeieaeaiiinoe eeeaioa iooai eniieueciaaiey aoi?e/iuo enoi/ieeia
iaania/aiey – ?aaeecaoeee caeiaa e i?aaeuyaeaiey i?aoaicee e aa?aioai.
Anee i?e i?iaeaaea caeiaiaiai eiouanoaa au?o/aiiay noiia i?aauoaao
noiio caaeieaeaiiinoe, oi yoio ecauoie aeieaeai auoue aica?auai
caaiueeo. Aua iaeiei niiniaii iiaaoaiey e?aaeeoa iiaeao auoue
i?iaeaaea aeieaiauo iaycaoaeuenoa caaiueea (oaeoi?eia).
Iineaaeiei, naiui iaaeaeaoaeueiui aa?eaioii, iiaeao auoue iauyaeaiea
caaiueea aaie?ioii e iiaaoaiea caaeieaeaiiinoe iinea ?aaeecaoeee
aeoeaia eeeaeaee?oaiiai i?aaei?eyoey caaiueea. A ieaia,
?ac?aaioaiiii aaieii, neaaeoao i?aaeoniio?aoue e ?acee/iua eiiaeiaoeee
ec anao aiciiaeiuo aa?eaioia iiaaoaiey caaeieaeaiiinoe. Ii?yaeie
iiaaoaiey e?aaeeoa ca n/ao aoi?e/iuo enoi/ieeia iiaaoaiey aeieaeai
i?iecaiaeeoueny aaieaie a niioaaonoaee n aeaenoaothuei
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii Eu?aucneie ?anioaeeee.
3.3. Ii?yaeie nienaiey oauoi/iuo e?aaeeoia
Anee ia iiiaio eeanneoeeaoeee e?aaeeoa eae oauoi/iiai ia
nnoaeiii n/aoa caaiueea anoue eaeie-eeai inoaoie, oi aai iaiaoiaeeii
nienaoue /a?ac ?IIO. A neo/aa iaaeinoaoea ?IIO ?acieoea iaaeaeo noiiie
nicaeaiiiai ?aca?aa e inoaoea caaeieaeaiiinoe aeieaeia auoue ioianaia ia
?acoeueoaou oeiainiaie aeayoaeueiinoe aaiea. Iaeiaei, nienaiea
e?aaeeoa aiana ia icia/aao, /oi aaie i?inoee caaiueeo caaeieaeaiiinoue.
Noiia inoaoea aeieaeia auoue ia?aianaia ia aianenoaiiue o/ao e
aanoenue oai a oa/aiea ia iaiaa iyoe eao ni aeiy nienaiey aeey
aiciiaeiiai acuneaiey aeieaa a iineaaeothuai. ?aoaiea i nienaiee
oauoi/iuo e?aaeeoia i?eieiaaony I?aaeaieai eee Niaaoii aaiea ii
i?aaenoaaeaieth Eiieoaoii ii ?aaioa n i?iaeaiiuie nnoaeaie iiae?iaiie
ni?aaee n oeacaieai eiee/anoaa e?aaeeoia, i?eciaiiuo oauoi/iuie e iauae
noiiu inoaoeia ia nnoaeiuo n/aoao yoeo caaiueeia. Nienaiea
oauoi/iiai e?aaeeoa n aaeaina ia aeieaeii iaaaoeaii aeeyoue ia
i?iaiaeeioth aaieii ?aaioo ii iaania/aieth aai aica?aoiinoe.
Aaie eiaao iieiia i?aai nienuaaoue /a?ac ?IIO ana e?aaeeou,
eeanneoeoee?iaaiiua aaieii eae oauoi/iua, a n?aaenoaa, iinooiathuea
iinea yoiai ia iiaaoaiea nnoaeiie caaeieaeaiiinoe, aeieaeiu
iai?aaeyoueny ia n/ao ?IIO aei oiai iiiaioa, eiaaea noiia iinooieaiee
n?aaiyaony n noiiie inoaoea caaeieaeaiiinoe, nienaiiiai /a?ac ?IIO.
3.4. Iineaaeothuay ?aaioa n e?aaeeoaie
Eae oaea ?aiaa ioia/aeinue, nienaiea e?aaeeoa ca aaeain ia
icia/aao, /oi aaie aeieaeai i?ae?aoeoue aeaeueiaeooth ?aaioo ii
acuneaieth aeieaa. Aiciiaeiu neo/ae, eiaaea /a?ac ii?aaeaeaiiia
a?aiy, aaeaeo oeo/oaiey oeiainiaiai eee eiouanoaaiiiai ninoiyiey,
caaiuee niiniaai aoaeao iiaaneoue aeiea eee oioy au /anoue aeieaa. Aeey
oiai, /oiau ia oionoeoue yoo aiciiaeiinoue, ?aaioieeai Eiieoaoa ii
?aaioa n i?iaeaiiuie e?aaeeoaie ia neaaeoao iinea nienaiey e?aaeeoa
i?ae?auaoue aai ioneaaeeaaiea e i?iaaaeaiea ia?ii?eyoee, iai?aaeaiiuo ia
ecuneaiea aiciiaeiuo iooae iiaaoaiey caaeieaeaiiinoe. E aeaiiui
ia?ii?eyoeyi iiaeii ioianoe: iinoiyiiia ioneaaeeaaiea iaoa?eaeia NIE n
oeaeueth auyaeaiey iaiaoiaeeiie eioi?iaoeee i caaiueea-aeieaeieea,
naeaeaoaeuenoaothuae i aai ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe, a neo/aa iauyaeaiey
caaiueea aaie?ioii – aiciauaiea aeieaa ca n/ao ?aaeecaoeee aeoeaia e
acuneaiey aeieaa n i?aaii?aaiieea; iiaeaea?aeea iinoiyiiie nayce n
?iaeiuie e aeeceeie caaiueea, a neo/aa, anee iaaica?ao e?aaeeoa
i?iecioae ec-ca iaaiciiaeiinoe ?acuneaoue caaiueea e ae?. Aeey aieaa
ouaoaeueiiai o/aoa iiaeiaiuo ia?ii?eyoee aaieo neaaeoao ?ac?aaioaoue
ii?yaeie e i?ioeaaeo?u, i?iaiaeeiua ii ?aaioa ni nienaiiuie
e?aaeeoaie, a oaeaea iaiaoiaeeioth io/aoiinoue ii yoie ?aaioa.
A neo/ayo, eiaaea iaia?oaeeaaaony eaeay-eeai iiceoeaiay aeey
aaiea eioi?iaoeey, iicaieythuay iaaeayoueny ia aiciiaeiia aiciauaiea
caaeieaeaiiinoe aeaaii i?iiaaoeo eeai iaaie?ioeaoeony aeaaeoi?ia, aaie
aiciaiiaeyao ?aaioo ii acuneaieth aaciaaeaaeiuo nienaiiuo
caaeieaeaiiinoae. Ia?aui aeaeii aaieo iaiaoiaeeii i?iaanoe ioeaieo
iioaioeeaeueiuo cao?ao ia iaania/aiea aica?aoa e?aaeeoa. Ia/eiaoue
aeoeaiua ia?ii?eyoey, iai?aaeaiiua ia aeinoeaeaiea iiaaoaiey aeieaa,
neaaeoao oieueei a oii neo/aa, anee nii?yaeaiiua n aeaiiuie
ia?ii?eyoeyie cao?aou n?aaenoa, a?aiaie e nee a niaieoiiinoe iaiueoa,
/ai noiia, eioi?ay a ia?niaeoeaa iiaeao auoue acuneaia. I?e
i?iaaaeaiee ioeaiee cao?ao aeey aaiea aoaeao oeaeaniia?acii i?eiaiyoue
naiue ianneienoe/aneee iiaeoiae, e ioeaieo neaaeoao i?iecaiaeeoue ec
?an/aoa naiuo iaaeaaii?eyoiuo oneiaee, i?e eioi?uo aoaeoo
inouanoaeyoueny ia?u ii aica?aoo. Oae, i?e ?an/aoa aeaiaaeiuo cao?ao
neaaeoao eniieueciaaoue iaeneiaeueiua nouanoaothuea ia naaiaeiyoiee
iiiaio ?anoeaiee, i?e ioeaiea cao?a/eaaaiiai a?aiaie ioaeii
i?aaeoniio?aoue naiua aeieaea n?iee e o.ae. Anee e iinea iiaeiaiie
eaeueeoeyoeee aiciiaeiua iinooieaiey io caaiueea ana ?aaii aoaeoo
iie?uaaoue i?aaeiieaaaaiua cao?aou, oi oieueei oiaaea iiaeii ia/eiaoue
?aaeei aeoeaiiai i?iaaaeaiey ia?ii?eyoee, iai?aaeaiiuo ia aica?ao.
4. Iaaeaaieianeea e?aaeeou
Auaea/a iaaeaaieianeeo e?aaeeoia a iniiaiii inouanoaeyaony ia oao
aea oneiaeyo e iieiaeaieyo, /oi e auaea/a e?aaeeoia iaoeiainiaui
o/?aaeaeaieyi. Iaeiaei, iaaeaaieianeea e?aaeeou i?aaenoaaeytho niaie
aeinoaoi/ii niaoeeoe/aneoth /anoue noa?u e?aaeeoiaaiey, aneaaenoaea
/aai iie e auianaiu a ioaeaeueiue ?acaeae ianoiyuae Eino?oeoeee.
I?e ?anniio?aiee aii?ina i auaea/a iaaeaaieianeiai e?aaeeoa
aaie-e?aaeeoi?, iiieii auiieiaiey anao auoaoeacaiiuo ia? ii eco/aieth
ninoiyiey caaiueea, aeieaeai ni anae ouaoaeueiinoueth eco/eoue
ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoue aaiea-caaiueea eae ia iiiaio auaea/e, oae e (ii
aiciiaeiinoe) ni?iaiice?iaaoue aai ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoue ia iiiaio
iiaaoaiey e?aaeeoa. Anee aaie ?aoeo auaeaoue iaaeaaieianeee e?aaeeo, oi
inouanoaeyoue yoo auaea/o neaaeoao iiae aunieieeeaeaeiue caeia.
Iaeaieaa i?aaeii/oeoaeueiui caeiaii aeey aaiea iiaoo auoue
i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua oeaiiua aoiaae, aeaiiceo niiiaue eeai a aaethoa,
aoiaeyuae a ei?ceio NAe?, e?iia oiai, aeaeaoaeueii iieo/aiea oae
iacuaaaiiai “aaciocuaiiai aaenaey”, iicaieythuaai a aannii?iii ii?yaeea
iaania/eoue aeieaeioth aica?aoiinoue a neo/aa ia?ooaiey caaiueeii
oneiaee aeiaiai?a. Iinea oiai, eae auei i?eiyoi ?aoaiea i auaea/a
iaaeaaieianeiai e?aaeeoa, caeeth/aaony e?aaeeoiia niaeaoaiea, a a
neo/aa i?aaeinoaaeaiey e?aaeeoa iiae caeia ninoaaeyaony aeiaiai? i
caeiaa, aeaeaoaeueii i?aaeoniao?eaathuee ioieo i aannii?iii ii?yaeea
iiaaoaiey e?aaeeoa ca n/ao i?aaeinoaaeaiiiai iaania/aiey. A
neo/ayo, eiaaea aicieeaao iaaica?ao iaaeaaieianeeo e?aaeeoia, ia?u,
i?aaei?eieiaaiua aeey iaania/aiey aica?aoiinoe, oa aea, /oi oeacaiu
a ioieoa 3.
5. Caeeth/eoaeueiua iieiaeaiey
A aeaiiii aeieoiaioa ?anniao?eaathony oieueei iniiaiiieaaathuea
o?aaiaaiey, eioi?uo aeieaeiu i?eaea?aeeaaoueny aaiee i?e inouanoaeaiee
naiae e?aaeeoiie aeayoaeueiinoe. ?ac?aaioaiiay ia iniiaa aeaiiiai
aeieoiaioa e?aaeeoiay iieeoeea aaiea aeieaeia auoue iieiinoueth
io?aaeaia ai aioo?aiieo aeieoiaioao aaiea. Iniiaiui i?aaeeii, eioi?ui
aeieaeiu ?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny aaiee e ae?oaea e?aaeeoiua o/?aaeaeaiey,
aeieaeii auoue neaaeothuaa: /oiau ecaaaeaoue aiciiaeiuo i?iaeai, ?aaioo
n caaiueeii iaiaoiaeeii ia/eiaoue ni aeiy iiaea/e cayaee e
inouanoaeyoue ia anai i?ioyaeaiee aeaenoaey e?aaeeoa. Iinoiyiii
aeieaeii ioneaaeeaaoueny ninoiyiea e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey aaiea
(i?eeiaeaiea 9), ninoaaeyoueny aiaeeoe/aneea oaaeeoeu, a?aoeee,
aeeaa?aiiu, e ana yoi aeieaeii i?aaenoaaeyoueny ?oeiaiaenoao aaiea,
ioaaonoaaiiiio ca ii?aaeaeaiea e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee aaiea. ?oeiaiaenoai
aaiea ia iniiaa aiaeeca iaia/athueony oaiaeaioeee aeieaeii i?eieiaoue
niioaaonoaothuea oi?aaeai/aneea ?aoaiey e, i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe, aiineoue
eciaiaiey a e?aaeeoioth iieeoeeo aaiea. Eiia/ii, oeacaiiua a
aeaiiii iieiaeaiee ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii ?aaioa n e?aaeeoaie ia
i?aoaiaeotho ia anaioaaoiia inaauaiea aii?inia e?aaeeoiaaiey e,
aaconeiaii, aeiioneatho aiciiaeiinoue i?eiaiaiey aaieaie eiuo aeaenoaee
e ia?, iai?aaeaiiuo ia iaania/aiea aica?aoa e?aaeeoa, ia
i?ioeai?a/aueo nouanoaothuaio caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao e eiui ii?iaoeaiui
aeoai, ?aaeaiaioe?othuei aeayoaeueiinoue aaieia. I?e yoii,
iaiaoiaeeii caiaoeoue, /oi aaee, i?eiyaoea e ?oeiaiaenoao e
aeia?iniaanoii auiieiythuea oio ieieiaeueiue iaai? o?aaiaaiee, eioi?ue
niaea?aeeony a ianoiyuae Eino?oeoeee, iiaoo n/eoaoue naay a
aeinoaoi/iie noaiaie cano?aoiaaiiuie io aiciiaeiuo iioa?ue ii
iaiaaeaaeiui e?aaeeoai.
Aeinna?ee.
Aeai?eoi (algorithm, io eiaie ocaaeneiai iaoaiaoeea IX a. Aeue-Oi?acie)
– iieiia iienaiea iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe aeaenoaee, auiieiaiea eioi?uo a
eiioea iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe i?eaiaeeo e aeinoeaeaieth oeaee.
Aeai?eoiecaoeey (algorithmization)- ninoaaeaiea aeai?eoia aeey
i?iaeoe?oaiiai i?ioeanna (iai?eia?, aeai?eoiecaoeey ?aoaiey caaea/e); 2)
auyaeaiey aeai?eoia, oi?iaeecaoeey nouanoaothuaai i?ioeanna.
Aiaeec – iuneaiiia eee ?aaeueiia ?an/eaiaiea oeaeiai ia /anoe.
Aaie – o/?aaeaeaiea, nicaeaiiia aeey i?eaea/aiey aeaiiceoia e ae?oaeo
aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa e ?aciauaiey eo io naiaai eiaie ia oneiaeyo
ieaoiinoe, n?i/iinoe, a oaeaea aeey inouanoaeaiey ?an/aoia ii ii?o/aieyi
eeeaioia.
Aaca aeaiiuo – eioaa?e?iaaiiay niaieoiiinoue aeaiiuo, i?aaeiacia/aiiay
aeey iiiaiooieoeeiiaeueiiai eniieueciaaiey e iiaeeoeeaoeee iaeiei eee
ianeieueeeie iieueciaaoaeyie;
Eioi?iaoeey – iaaeaeaiiua naiaioeeie aeaiiua, naaaeaiey ia iauaeoao e
i?aaeiaoao ethaie i?e?iaeu, niauoeyo, yaeaieyo, eeoeao, iacaaeneii io
oi?iu eo i?aaenoaaeaiey;
Eioi?iaoecaoeey – ?ac?aaioea, nicaeaiea, inaiaiea e eniieueciaaiea
eioi?iaoeeiiiuo oaoiieiaee, eioi?iaoeeiiiuo ?ano?nia; i?ioeann,
aeeth/athuee i?aaiecaoeeiiioth, iao/ii-oaoie/aneoth, nioeeaeueioth e
i?iecaiaenoaaiii-yeiiiie/aneoth eiiiiiaiou e ?acoeueoao aeayoaeueiinoe,
iai?aaeaiiue ia oaeiaeaoai?aiea eioi?iaoeeiiiuo iio?aaiinoae ioaeaeueiuo
a?aaeaeai e eo iauaaeeiaiee, ainoaea?noaaiiuo e iaainoaea?noaaiiuo
i?aaiecaoeee, iauanoaa a oeaeii iooai oi?ie?iaaiey e eniieueciaaiey
eioi?iaoeeiiiuo ?ano?nia ai anao noa?ao aeecie iauanoaa;
E?aaeeo – noiia aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa iniiaaiiay ia ieaoiinoe, n?i/iinoe,
aica?aoiinoe aeaiiay aaieii eeoeai ioaeaeathueiny a ieo.
Eiioeaeaioeeaeueiay eioi?iaoeey – eioi?iaoeey, aeinooi e eioi?ie
ia?aie/eaaaony a niioaaonoaee n caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii Eu?aucneie
?anioaeeee;
I?eiyoea ?aoaiey – oeaeaaie auai? ia iiiaeanoaa aeueoa?iaoea.
Nenoaiiue aiaeec – n i?aeoe/aneie noi?iiu nenoaiiue aiaeec anoue nenoaia
iaoiaeia enneaaeiaaiey eee i?iaeoe?iaaiey neiaeiuo nenoai, iienea,
ieaie?iaaiey e ?aaeecaoeee eciaiaiee, i?aaeiacia/aiiuo aeey eeeaeaeaoeee
i?iaeai.
No?oeoo?a – niaieoiiinoue naycae iaaeaeo /anoyie nenoaiu.
Nenoaia eioi?iaoeeiiiay – nenoaia, iniiaaiiay ia i?eiaiaiee
eioi?iaoeeiiiie oaoiieiaee a niioaaonoaee n iinoaaeaiiuie oeaeyie;
Eniieuecoaiua enoi/ieee.
Eeoa?aoo?a:
Onineei A.I. «Nia?aiaiiue eiiia?/aneee aaie e iia?aoeee», Iineaa, 1993a.
Onineei I.I. «I?aaiecaoeey e ieaie?iaaiea e?aaeeoa», Iineaa.
Aae?aaai I. «Oi?aaeaiea ?eneaie eiiia?/aneiai aaiea», Einoeooo
Yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey, 1992 a.
AEeaiaeyaeia A.I. Eiioeaioeey niaeaenoaey aaeieieno?aoeaiie ?aoi?ia
/a?ac eioi?iaoecaoeeth – A.: Ecaeaoaeuenoai IOE, 1996a.
Caoa?/aiei I.I. «Iniiau nenoaiiiai aiaeecaa»
Ia?aaoaeia, Oa?anaiei «Aaaaeaiea a nenoaiiue aiaeec.» Iineaa, 1989 a.
Ii?iaoeaii ni?aai/iay eioi?iaoeey:
Caeii «I iaoeeiiaeueiii aaiea Eu?aucneie ?anioaeeee»
Caeii «I aaieao e aaieianeie aeayoaeueiinoe a Eu?aucneie ?anioaeeea»
Iieiaeaiea «Ia ia?aie/aiee e?aaeeoiaaiey»
Iieiaeaiea «I eeanneoeeaoeee e?aaeeoia e ia io/eneaieyo ia ?aca?a »
Eino?oeoeey «Ii ?aaioa n e?aaeeoaie»
Ia?eiaee/aneea ecaeaiey:
Aaieianeee aanoiee ca ia?eiae 1995 – 1997 aiaea.
AEo?iae «AEE – i?ann».
Atheeaoaiue Iaoeeiiaeueiiai aaiea Eu?aucneie ?anioaeeee ca 1996 e 1997
aiaea.
Aiaeiaua io/aou Iaoeeiiaeueiiai Aaiea Eu?aucneie ?anioaeeee.
Nenoaiiue aiaeec e oi?aaeaiea e?aaeeoaie a aaiea
Aaaaeaiea
PAGE
PAGE 78
Auioneiay ?aaioa AEaiaeeaeeiiaa Oeaia.
?oeiaiaeeoaeue Ai/a?iaa A.TH.
Nenoaiiue aiaeec e oi?aaeaiea e?aaeeoaie a aaiea
Nenoaiiue aiaeec e oi?aaeaiea e?aaeeoaie a aaiea
Aeaaa 1. Oi?aaeaiea e?aaeeoaie a aaiea.
Nenoaiiue aiaeec e oi?aaeaiea e?aaeeoaie a aaiea
Aeaaa 2. Iaoiaeu eniieueciaaiey nenoaiiiai aiaeeca
a i?ioeannao oi?aaeaiey.
Nenoaiiue aiaeec e oi?aaeaiea e?aaeeoaie a aaiea
Aeaaa 3. Nenoaiiue aiaeec oi?aaeaiey e?aaeeoaie.
Nenoaiiue aiaeec e oi?aaeaiea e?aaeeoaie a aaiea
Aeaaa 4. Iaoiaeeea nicaeaiey nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey e?aaeeoaie.
Nenoaiiue aiaeec e oi?aaeaiea e?aaeeoaie a aaiea
Caeeth/aiea.
Nenoaiiue aiaeec e oi?aaeaiea e?aaeeoaie a aaiea
Oi?aaeaeie a o?anoiauo iia?aoeeennoae
Oi?aaeaeie a eanniauo e aeaiiceoiuo iia?aoeeennoae
I?aceaeaio
Oi?aaaeaeie a nnoae
Oi?aaeaeie a nnoaeEiaanoeoeee
Aaeieieno?aoeeyOi?aaeaeie a Eiaanoeoeee
Oi?aaeaeie a ia?eaoeiaannoae
Ioaeae
?aaeceeOi?aaeaeie a nnoae
?en. 1.1. Ie?aieaeaeueiay no?oeoo?a aaiea
Ioaeaeaiey
Noaeu
Ioaeaeaiey
Noaeu
Aaeieieno?aoeaiue eiio?ieueIoaeaeaiey
Aaeieieno?aoeaiue eiio?ieue
I?aceaeaio
Oeiainu
Oi?aaaeaiea Caiaaeiiai ?aaeiia
Ia?eaoeia
Oi?aaaeaiea CaiaaeiiaiAinoi/iiai ?aaeiia
?en 1.2 Aaia?aoe/aneay no?oeoo?a aaiea
I?aceaeaio
Aeoea-i?aceaeaio –
Nnoae
Oi?aAeoea- i?aceaeaio -aeaiea
NAeaiiceoianoae
Oi?aaeaiea
Oi?aaeaieya
Ioaeae
Ioaeae
Ioaeae
Ioaeae
Oi?aaeaiea
Oi?aaeaiea
Ioaeae
Ioaeae
Ioaeae
Ioaeae
?en. 1. 3. Ooieoeeiiaeueiay no?oeoo?a aaiea
?oeiaiaeeoaeue Oi?aaeaiey ii Eiiia?/aneei NNoaeai
Aeaaiay eiioi?a
Ioaeaeaiey
Ioaeaeaiey
Ioaeae aiaeeca e?aaeeoiniinaiinoe
Ioaeae aiaeeca E?aaeeoiiai Ii?ooaey
?oeiaiaeeoaeue Ioaeaea ii
eco/aieth e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe
Ciaao Aee?aeoi?ia
E?aaeeoiue eiieoao i?e Niaaoa Aee?aeoi?ia
I?aceaeaio
Noa?oee Aeoea-I?aceaeaio ii e?aaeeoai
?en 1.4 I?aaiecaoeey e?aaeeoiie ?aaiou a iaaieueoii aaiea
?oeiaiaeeoaeue Oi?aaeaiey ii Iio?aaeoaeueneei NNoaeai
Ioaeaeaiey
Ioaeaeaiey
Niaao Aee?aeoi?ia
E?aaeeoiue eiieoao i?e Niaaoa Aee?aeoi?ia
I?aceaeaio
Aeaia?oaiaio eiiia?/aneeo nnoae
Eiieoao ii aoaeeoo
Aiaeec e?aaeeoiiai ii?ooaey
Aeaia?oaiaio iio?aaeoaeueneeo
nnoae
?aeiiu
Oi?aaeaiea ii e?aaeeoai a ai?iaea
Oi?aaeaiea ii io?aneyi
Oi?aaeaiea e?aaeeoiuie iia?aoeeyie
O?ainii?o
Iaooue e aac
Ia?aaaouaathuay i?iiuoeaiiinoue
Iaaeaeaeeiinoue
?aeiiu
Ioaeae eco/aiey e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe
Ioaeae ii ioi?ieaieth e?aaeeoia
?en. 1.5 I?aaiecaoeey e?aaeeoiie ?aaiou a e?oiiii aaiea
E?aaeeoiaaiea oaeoueo aeoeaia
Naciiiua e?aaeeou
?aaieueaa?iay e?aaeeoiay eeiey
aee?aaeaoea noaiae-aae
E?aaeeoiaaiea iniiaiuo n?aaenoa
N?i/iua e?aaeeou
No?ieoaeueiua e?aaeeou
E?aaeeou iiae iaaeaeaeeiinoue
I?iaeoiua e?aaeeou
Eeceiaiaia oeiaine?iaaiea
E?aaeeou
I?aaeaa?eoaeueiue aiaeec ?uiea e ?ac?aaioea no?aoaaee e?aaeeoiuo
iia?aoeee.
?anniio?aiea cayaee ia iieo/aiea e?aaeeoa e aanaaea n caaiueeii.
Ioeaiea e?aaeeoiniiniaiinoe caaiueea e ?enea, naycaiiiai n auaea/ae
nnoaeu.
Iiaeaioiaea e?aaeeoiiai aeiaiai?a (no?oeoo?e?iaaiea nnoaeu) e aai
caeeth/aiea.
Eiio?ieue ca auiieiaieai oneiaee aeiaiai?a e iiaaoaiea e?aaeeoa
Oaeouea aeoeau
Oaeouea ianneau
Iauay aeieain?i/iay caaeieaeaiiinoue
Iaueiiaaiiua e i?eaeeaae?iaaiiua aeoeee
Iauay aeieain?i/iay caaeieaeaiiinoue
Iaueiiaaiiua aeoeee
Iauay aeieain?i/iay caaeieaeaiiinoueI?eaueue aei auieaou i?ioeaioia e
iaeiaia
Iaueiiaaiiua aeoeee?anoiaeu ia auieaoo i?ioeaioia ii aeieaai
Iauay aeieain?i/iay caaeieaeaiiinoueI?eaueue iinea oieaou iaeiaia +
aii?oecaoeey – aeeaeaeaiaeu
Iaueiiaaiiua aeoeeeAeieain?i/iay caaeieaeaiiinoue
Iauay aeieain?i/iay caaeieaeaiiinoueAeieain?i/iay caaeieaeaiiinoue
Iaueiiaaiiua aeoeeeIaooi iniiaiua n?aaenoaa
Noiia e iieaoa = oooooooooo.oo
ooooooo.oo
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