Iineianeee Einoeooo Iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo Ioiioaiee
IEAe ?O
EO?NIAAss ?AAIOA
“ Nenoaia iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo aaieianeeo ?an/aoia SWIFT
e
aa eniieueciaaiea ia ?inneeneii ?uiea”
Iao/iue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue ?aaioa nooaeaioee
eai.ye.i. Aa/a?iaai oaeoeueoaoa
aeioe. eaoaae?u IAEI IV eo?na ae.a?. IV
Aa?eiia Y.A. Eina?aaie Ieueae
IINEAA 1997
NIAeA?AEAIEA.
AAAAeAIEA. 3 no?.
AEAAA I. Aeaeu e iienaiea iaaeaaieianeeo ?an/aoia. 6 no?.
AEAAA II. SWIFT a iaaeaeoia?iaeiie i?aeoeea. 11 no?.
II.1. Enoi?ey nicaeaiey. 11 no?.
II.2. Aeaeu oneoa, i?aaeinoaaeyaiuo SWIFT. 12 no?.
II.3. Noaia iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai oaeaa?aoiiai ia?aaiaea. 13 no?.
II.4. SWIFT – eae nenoaia ia?aaea/e aeaiiuo. 16 no?.
II.5. I?aeiouanoaa e iaaeinoaoee nenoaiu SWIFT. 21 no?
AEAAA III. I?iaeaiu yeaeo?iiiiai aeaiaaeiiai 25 no?.
ia?auaiey a ?innee.
AEAAA IV. I?iaeaia iiaeeeth/aiey e iaaeaeoia?iaeiie 30 no?.
oaeaeiiioieeaoeeiiiie naoe.
CAEETH*AIEA. 32 no?.
NIENIE EEOA?AOO?U. 34 no?.
AAAAeAIEA.
Aeayoaeueiinoue nia?aiaiiiai aaiea iaiuneeia aac aaoiiaoecaoeee anao
iai?aaeaiee aai aeayoaeueiinoe. Oniaoiia ooieoeeiie?iaaiea aaiea naycaii
n eioaineaiui ?anoe?aieai aai aeayoaeueiinoe, i?ienoiaeyuei ca n/ao
oaaee/aiey eae iauaia iia?aoeee, oae e niaeo?a oneoa, i?aaeinoaaeyaiuo
eeeaioai. Anee aei eaeiai-oi iiiaioa ooieoeeiie?iaaiea aaiea a ?aaeeia
?o/iie ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee iiaeao iiaeaea?aeeaaoueny ca n/ao
yenoaineaiuo iaoiaeia ?acaeoey (iai?eia?, ?anoe?aiey ooaoia e aiia?aoa
oi?aaeaiey), oi ia ii?aaeaeaiiii yoaia aeayoaeueiinoue aaiea,
inouanoaeyaiay a?o/ioth, eeai iaecaaaeii auoiaeeo ec-iiae eiio?iey, eeai
aaie noaiiaeony ia a ninoiyiee ?aaae?iaaoue ia neooaoeeth ia ?uiea.
Aaoiiaoecaoeey iiauoaao yooaeoeaiinoue ?aaiou aaiea, iaania/eaaao aieaa
aunieoth iaaeaaeiinoue aacioeai/iie ia?aaioee aeieoiaioia ca n/ao
ni/aoaiey ?acee/iuo aeaeia aaoiiaoe/aneiai e aecoaeueiiai eiio?iey, a
oaeaea aeaao aiciiaeiinoue iieo/aiey a ethaie iiiaio a?aiaie iauae
ea?oeiu aeayoaeueiinoe e oaeouaai ninoiyiey aaiea.
Aaoiiaoece?iaaiiay nenoaia iaania/eaaao aieaa ea/anoaaiiia i?eiyoea
?aoaiee, naycaiiuo n aaieianeei ?eneii i?e auaea/a e?aaeeoia,
eiaanoeoeee e oeaiiuo aoiaa, ca n/ao niaoeeaeueiuo i?ioeaaeo? ia?aaioee
anae eiathuaeny a nenoaia eioi?iaoeee. Eniieueciaaiea aaoiiaoece?iaaiiie
nenoaiu iicaieyao cia/eoaeueii iiauneoue ea/anoai ianeoaeeaaiey eeeaioia
aaiea, /oi iniaaiii aaaeii a oneiaeyo ?aaeueiie eiieo?aioeee.
Iaeiiaoe, a oneiaeyo noaiiaeaiey ?uii/iuo iaoaieciia, ianoaaeeueiinoe
caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aacu e aunieii o?iaia eioeyoeee oieueei eniieueciaaiea
aeaeie e auno?i ia?aiano?aeaaaiie nenoaiu aaoiiaoecaoeee aaieianeeo
iia?aoeee iiaeao iaania/eoue eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue aaiea.
Oae, iai?eia?, nia?aiaiiue ca?oaaaeiue aaie ?aniieaaaao:
aacie aeaiiuo eeeaioia, /oi onei?yao ioeaieo iieiaeaiey eeeaioa e
iaeaa/aao acaeiiua iia?aoeee;
aaoiiaoece?iaaiiie nenoaiie aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa, iicaieythuae ioeaieoue
o?iaaiue ?aioaaaeueiinoe ioaeaeueiuo iia?aoeee, a oaeaea i?eaueueiinoue
ianeoaeeaaiey eeeaioia;
nenoaiie oi?aaeaiey e?aaeeoiuie aeiaeaieyie, /oi iicaieyao ii?aaeaeeoue
noaiaiue ?enea ii e?aaeeoai, naiaa?aiaiii aa ooi/iyoue e
ia?aniao?eaaoue;
“aeiiaoieie” aaieianeeie nenoaiaie, aeinooi e eioi?ui aiciiaeai
e?oaeinooi/ii ii oaeaoiio eeai ii eiiiooe?oaiui eaiaeai nayce;
nenoaiaie oi?aaeaiey oeiainaie ei?ii?aoeee, eioi?ua iicaieytho eeeaioai
iaiin?aaenoaaiii eiio?iee?iaaoue naith iaee/iinoue e aaethoiua iiceoeee
aeaaiaaeoeaoue /ania a nooee;
naoueth iaoei, aaoiiaoece?othueo ?o/iie o?oae a aaieianeeo iia?aoeeyo e,
/oi iaeaieaa aaaeii, nie?auathueo i/a?aaeue e ooieoeeiie?othueo
e?oaeinooi/ii anth iaaeaeth;
eiiiuethoa?ecaoeeae aaeaaeiaaiiai ieeeeiiiiai aeieoiaioiiai?ioa iaaeaeo
oeeeaeaie;
aeoeaii o/anoaoao a iaaeaeoia?iaeiie nenoaia SWIFT, ?anoe?yy naie
aiciiaeiinoe ia?aaea/e aeaeiaie e ieaoaaeiie aeieoiaioaoeee.
?anoe?aiea naoe eiiia?/aneeo aaieia, i?aaeinoaaeaiea ei eeoeaicee ia
i?aai inouanoaeaiey ?an/aoia ii yenii?oii-eiii?oiui iia?aoeeyi
iaoneaaeeaaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue ia oieueei iiauoaiey o?iaiy aaieianeie
aaoiiaoecaoeee, ii e iaiaoiaeeiinoue ?acaeoey naoae nayce a ?O e
iiaeeeth/aiey e ie?iaui oaeaeiiioieeaoeeiiiui naoyi. Yoa caaea/a
?aoaaony a iineaaeiaa a?aiy eae naiinoiyoaeueii ia ?aaeiiaeueiii o?iaia,
oae e iooai iiaeeeth/aiey e e?oiiaeoae a ie?a eiiioieeaoeeiiiie naoe,
iauaaeeiyaiie Iauanoaii Anaie?iuo Iaaeaaieianeeo Oeiainiauo
Oaeaeiiioieeaoeee – NAEOO (SWIFT).
Yoei ?aoaaony caaea/a iia?aoeaiiai, iaaeaaeiiai, yooaeoeaiiai,
eiioeaeaoeeaeueiiai e caueuaiiiai io ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiiai aeinooia
oaeaeiiioieeaoeeiiiiai ianeoaeeaaiey aeey aaieia e noaiaea?oecaoeee oi?i
e iaoiaeia iaiaia oeiainiaie eioi?iaoeeae.
AEAAA I. AEAeU E IIENAIEA IAAEAeOIA?IAeIUO AAIEIANEEO ?AN*AOIA.
A nenoaia ?an/aoia iaaeaeo ?acee/iuie eiio?aaaioaie e oicyenoaothueie
noauaeoaie iaoiaeyo naia aiieiuaiea i?aeoe/anee ana aeaeu yeiiiie/aneeo
ioiioaiee a iauanoaa. Iaaeaaieianeea ?an/aou iiin?aaeotho e ?acee/iua
aeaeu aiaoiayeiiiie/aneeo naycae, aicieeathueo a i?ioeanna
yenii?oa-eiii?oa oiaa?ia (oneoa).
Aeey inouanoaeaiey ieaoaaeae e ianeoaeeaaiey eeeaioia, aaiee ii
ii?o/aiey ae?oa ae?oaa onoaiaaeeaatho iaaeaeo niaie ioiioaiey, eae
i?aaeei, ia aeiaiai?iie iniiaa, iieo/eaoea iacaaiea ei??aniiiaeaioneeo.
Ei??aniiiaeaioneea ioiioaiey – yoi aeiaiai?iua ioiioaiey iaaeaeo aeaoiy
eee ianeieueeeie e?aaeeoiuie o/?aaeaeaieyie (aaieaie) ia inouanoaeaiee
ieaoaaeae e ?an/aoia iaeiei ec ieo ii ii?o/aieth e ca n/ao ae?oaiai. I?e
yoii aaiee ioe?uaatho ae?oa o ae?oaa n/aoa “EI?I – IINO?I”. A i?aeoeea
ei??aniiiaeaioneea n/aoa ioe?uaathony i?aeiouanoaaiii oaie aaieaie,
eioi?ua aeoeaii inouanoaeytho ia?aaiaeiua, aee?aaeeoeaiua, eieanniaua e
ae?oaea iia?aoeee ii ?an/aoai ca oiaa?u e oneoae.
Ei??aniiiaeaioneee n/ao – n/ao, ia eioi?ii io?aaeathony ?an/aou,
i?iecaaaeaiiua iaeiei e?aaeeoiui o/?aaeaeaieai ii ii?o/aieth e ca n/ao
ae?oaiai e?aaeeoiiai o/?aaeaeaiey ia iniiaa caeeth/aiiiai
ei??aniiiaeaioneiai aeiaiai?a. N/ao “IINO?I” – yoi n/ao iaoaai aaiea a
aaiea-ei??aniiiaeaioa, n/ao “EI?I” – n/ao aaiea-ei??aniiiaeaioa o iaoaai
aaiea. Ia yoeo n/aoao io?aaeaaony acaeiiue ca/ao ii?o/aiee aaieia.
Onoaiiaeaiea i?yiuo ei??aniiiaeaioneeo ioiioaiee iaaeaeo aaieaie
iaoneaaeeaaao e aiciiaeiinoue i?iaaaeaiey i?yiuo ia?aaiaeia, a ia /a?ac
?EOe (?an/aoii-eanniaua oeaio?u).
Yenii?oii-eiii?oiua iia?aoeee a aeaea aaieianeeo ia?aaiaeia
i?iecaiaeyony a niioaaonoaee n oaeeie ii?iaoeaiuie aeieoiaioaie, eae:
Caeii ?O “I aaethoiii ?aaoee?iaaiee e aaethoiii eiio?iea” io 09.10.92.
Eino?oeoeey Aiaoyeiiiiaaiea N# 1 io 25.12.85. “I ii?yaeea
niaa?oaiey aaieianeeo iia?aoeee ii iaaeaeoia?iaeiui ?an/aoai”.
Eiiia?/aneea aaiee i?iaiaeyo iaaeaeoia?iaeiua ?an/aou ii ii?o/aieth
naieo eeeaioia-i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee-o/anoieeia
aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe a o?ao iauai?eiyouo oi?iao:
aaieianeee ia?aaiae;
eieanni;
aee?aaeeoea.
Auai? eiie?aoiie oi?iu, a eioi?ie aoaeoo inouanoaeyoueny ?an/aou ii
aiaoiaoi?aiaiio eiio?aeoo, ii?aaeaeyaony ii niaeaoaieth noi?ii.
I?eiaiyaiua oi?iu iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ?an/aoia ioee/athony ii aeiea o/anoey
EA a eo i?iaaaeaiee: ieieiaeueia aeiey o/anoey aaieia i?e aaieianeii
ia?aaiaea (auiieiaiea ieaoaaeiiai ii?o/aiey eeeaioa), aieaa
cia/eoaeueia ii eieanni (eiio?ieue ca ia?aaea/ae, ia?anueeie
oiaa?i?anii?yaeeoaeueiuo aeieoiaioia e auaea/ae eo ieaoaeueueeo a
niioaaonoaee n eino?oeoeeyie aeiaa?eoaey) e iaeneiaeueia aeiey o/anoey
aaieia i?e aee?aaeeoeaa (i?aaeinoaaeaiea aaiaoeoeea?o ieaoaaeiiai
iaycaoaeuenoaa, ?aaeecoaiiai i?e auiieiaiee iineaaeiei iniiaiuo oneiaee,
niaea?aeaueony a aee?aaeeoeaa). Eae e ae?oaea oi?iu iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo
?an/aoia, aaieianeea ia?aaiaeu inouanoaeythony a aaciaee/iie oi?ia, oi
anoue iin?aaenoaii ieaoaaeiuo ii?o/aiee, aae?anoaiuo iaeiei aaieii
ae?oaiio. I?e oaeie oi?ia ?an/aoia EA oieueei auiieiyao ieaoaaeiua
ii?o/aiey (II) eiino?aiiuo aaieia a niioaaonoaee n oneiaeyie
ei??aniiiaeaioneeo niaeaoaiee, a oaeaea aunoaaeyao II ia eiino?aiiua
aaiee ii aeaiaaeiui iaycaoaeuenoaai ?inneeneeo eiii?oa?ia.
Aaiee ia/eiatho o/anoaiaaoue a yoie oi?ia ?an/aoia i?e i?aaeinoaaeaiee a
aaie eiii?oa?a niioaaonoaothuaai ii?o/aiey ia iieaoo eiio?aeoa.
I?e aaieianeii ia?aaiaea aaiee ia ianoo ieeaeie ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca
ieaoaae (iinoaaea oiaa?a, ia?aaea/a aeieoiaioia), iiyoiio oaeie ia?aaiae
iaeaieaa /anoi i?eiaiyaony aaieaie a oneiaeyo iaii?aaeaeaiiiai
?inneeneiai ?uiea.
A caaeneiinoe io aeaea o/anoey aaiea a ia?aaiaea (ia noi?iia
yenii?oa?a, ia noi?iia eiii?oa?a), aaieianeee ia?aaiae iiaeii
i?aaenoaaeoue a aeaoo aniaeoao:
1) aaieianeee ia?aaiae a ?an/aoao ca yenii?oe?iaaiiua oiaa?u e
ieacaiiua oneoae (yenii?oiue ia?aaiae);
Yenii?oiue ia?aaiae.
Aaieianeee ia?aaiae ca yeniipoepiaaiiua oiaa?u eee ieacaiiua oneoae
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ii?o/aiea EA naiaio eippaniiiaeaioo auieaoeoue
(ia?aaanoe ia n/ao) ii?aaeaeaiioth noiio aeaiaa ii i?inueaa e ca n/ao
iapaaiaeiaeaoaey (eiino?aiiiai eeoea eee i?aaei?eyoey) iieo/aoaeth
(aaiaoeoeea?o) n oeacaieai niiniaa aiciauaiey aaieo auiea/eaaaiie ei
noiiu.
Iau/ii o/anoieeaie oaeiai ia?aaiaea yaeythony th?eaee/aneea eeoea –
oi?aiaua eee iin?aaeie/aneea i?aaiecaoeee e i?aaei?eyoey. Oaeiio
ia?aaiaeo eae i?aaeei i?aaeoanoaoao caeeth/aiea oi?aiaiai eee eiiai
aeaea eiio?aeoa iaaeaeo eiii?oa?ii e yenii?oa?ii, /anoi e i?e o/anoee
iin?aaeieea. A eiio?aeoa noi?iiu iaiaa?eaatho niinia e aeae ?an/aoia,
/a?ac eaeea aaiee aoaeoo inouanoaeyoueny ieaoaaeiua ia?aaiaeu e eaeei
ia?acii (ii oaeaa?aoo, ii oaeaeniie naoe eee ii naoe SWIFT).
eiio?aeo
eiio?aeo
eii eiio?aeo
oiaa?
ii?o/aiea
ia?aaiae
ia ia?aaiae
ieaoaaeiia ii?o/aiea
ieaoaaeiia
ieaoaaeiia
ii?o/aiea
ii?o/aiea
?en. 1 Aaieianeee yenii?oiue ia?aaiae.
2) aaieianeee ia?aaiae a ?an/aoao ca eiii?oe?iaaiiua oiaa?u e
ieacaiiua oneoae (eiii?oiue ia?aaiae);
Eiii?oiue ia?aaiae.
Ia?a/eneaiea aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa a eiino?aiiie aaethoa n oaeoueo
aaeainiauo aaethoiuo n/aoia ca a?aieoeo a iieueco eiino?aiiuo
oece/aneeo e th?eaee/aneeo eeoe inouanoaeyaony a oi?ia aaieianeiai
eiii?oiiai ia?aaiaea.
Aaieianeee eiii?oiue ia?aaiae i?aaenoaaeyao niaie i?eeac aaiea,
aae?anoaiue naiaio ei??aniiiaeaioo i auieaoa ii?aaeaeaiiie noiiu aeaiaa
ii ii?o/aieth e ca n/ao ia?aaiaeiaeaoaey eiino?aiiiio
iieo/aoaeth (aaiaoeoeea?o) n oeacaieai niiniaa aiciauaiey aaieo-
ieaoaeueueeo auiea/aiiie ei noiiu.
Aeey auno?iou iia?aoeee, oaeaoaaeaiey noieiinoe aaieianeeo iia?aoeee a
?acoeueoaoa eniieueciaaiey oieoeoee?iaaiiuo ii niaea?aeaieth e oi?iaoo
niiauaiee eniieuecoaony nenoaia SWIFT.
*a?ac SWIFT inouanoaeythony oaeea aaieianeea iia?aoeee, eae ia?aaiaeu
aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa, ia?aaea/a eioi?iaoeee i ninoiyiee n/aoia a aaieao ,
iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea aaethoiuo naeaeie, ?an/aou ii eieanni, aee?aaeeoeaai,
oi?aiaea oeaiiuie aoiaaaie, niaeaniaaiea nii?iuo aii?inia, aaaeaiea
yeaeo?iiiuo n/aoia eeeaioia e oi?aaeaiea eo n?aaenoaaie.
AEAAA II. SWIFT A IAAEAeOIA?IAeIIE I?AEOEEA.
II.1. Enoi?ey nicaeaiey.
3 iay 1973 aiaea a A?thnnaea i?aaenoaaeoaee 239 e?oiiaeoeo aaieia Aa?iiu
e Naaa?iie Aia?eee iniiaaee e ca?aaeno?e?iaaee eiini?oeeoi SWIFT
(Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) –
Niiauanoai anaie?iuo iaaeaaieianeeo oeiainiauo oaeaeiiioieeaoeee,
i?aaeiacia/aiiue aeey i?iaeoe?iaaiey, aiaae?aiey e ?aaoee?iaaiey
iaaeaeoia?iaeiie oaeaa?aoiie naoe, ia?aaeathuae e ?ani?aaeaeythuae
iioiee iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo oeiainiauo ia?aaiaeia iaaeaeo /eaiaie yoie
i?aaiecaoeee. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy a nenoaia SWIFT o/anoaotho nauoa 4000
aaieia ec 70 no?ai.
Aeey yoeo oeaeae auea i?iaaaeaia ?aaioa ii nicaeaieth e niaeaniaaieth
noaiaea?oiiai ycuea iauaiey iaaeaeo aaieaie-/eaiaie niiauanoaa, /oi
iicaieeei i?iecaiaeeoue aaoiiaoe/aneoth ia?aaioeo iinooiathueo
niiauaiee. Ia?aaiaeu iaeioi?uo ec yoeo noaiaea?oia, eiathueo noaoon
iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai noaiaea?oa, iioaeeeiaaiu a ianoiyuai ecaeaiee.
Iniiao nenoaiu SWIFT ninoaaeytho o?e ?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiuo oeaio?a a
A?thnnaea, Ainoa?aeaia e ooaoa Ae?aeaeeiey (NOA), eioi?ua iai?oaeiaaiu
aeaieiuie i?ioeanni?aie.
Eaaeaeue ec i?ioeanni?ia a ioaeaeueiinoe iiaeao ?aaoee?iaaoue iioie
iinooiathuae eioi?iaoeeth. Eaaeaeay no?aia – /eai SWIFT – eiaao naie
iaoeeiiaeueiue oceiaie ioieo (eiioeaio?aoi? niiauaiee), eioi?ue naycai
oaeaoiiiuie eeieyie n iaeiei ec ?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiuo oeaio?ia e aianoa n
eeieyie yaeyaony nianoaaiiinoueth SWIFT. Aaiee – /eaiu niiauanoaa,
iiaeeeth/athony e eiioeaio?aoi?ai ii ianoiui eeieyi nayce naiae no?aiu.
I?aaeea SWIFT o?aaotho, /oiau aoiaeyuay a iaa i?aaiecaoeey “caieiaeanue
oai aea naiui aeaeii aeciana, /oi e inoaeueiua, e i?eieiaea o/anoea a
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ia?aaea/ao oaeaa?aoiuo oeiainiauo niiauaiee”.
I?aaiecaoeey SWIFT oi?iaeueii yaeyaony aaeueaeeneei eiiia?aoeaiui
iauanoaii, ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiui a A?thnnaea. Iia iieiinoueth i?eiaaeeaaeeo
aaieai-/eaiai SWIFT, a aa aeoeee ?ani?aaeaeaiu i?iii?oeeiiaeueii /eneo
oaeaa?aoiuo niiauaiee, iiaeaiiuo aaieii /a?ac oaeaa?aoioth naoue SWIFT.
Eaaeaeue aaie-/eai ieaoeo ?aciaue aciin a ?acia?a 1,5 iei aaeueaeeneeo
o?aieia i?e anooieaiee a i?aaiecaoeeth SWIFT. Ca iiaeeeth/aiea e
?aaeiiaeueiiio i?ioeanni?o (A?thnnaeue, Ainoa?aeai, Iueth-Ei?e, Aaia ,
Eiiaiaaaai, Eiiaeii, Ethenaiao?a, Ieeai, Iii?aaeue, Inei, Ia?eae,
Noieaieuei, O?aieoo?o, Oaeueneiee, Oeth?eo) onoaiiaeaia ?aciaay ieaoa a
?acia?a 190 oun. aaeueaeeneeo o?aieia. Ca iai?oaeiaaiea n?aaenoa nayce e
iao/aiea iieueciaaieth eie (a caaeneiinoe io eiie?aoiuo oi?i
iiaeeeth/aiey eaaeaeiai aaiea) acuiaaony ieiei 700 oun. aaeueaeeneeo
o?aieia.
Oa?eoiay ieaoa ca oneoae SWIFT acuiaaony n aa /eaiia aaeaeaa?oaeueii.
Iau/iia oaeaa?aoiia niiauaiea (aeinoaaea -20 ieioo), niaea?aeauaa iaiaa
325 ciaeia noieo 18 aaeueaeeneeo o?aieia. Aeey n?i/iuo niiauaiee
(aeinoaaea – 1 ieiooa) noieiinoue a 2 ?aca auoa. Aaiee-/eaiu SWIFT
iiea/eaatho noieiinoue ia?anueee oaeaa?aoiuo niiauaiee ?aaeiiaeueiiio
i?ioeanni?o. (Oa?eou oeacaiu ia ieoya?ue 1978 a. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy
?acia? ia?aiia/aeueiiai aciina caaeneo io ?yaea i?e/ei e ninoaaeyao io
50 aei 300 oun. aeieea?ia NOA, noieiinoue oaeaa?aoiuo niiauaiee oaeaea
oaaee/eeanue).
II.2. Aeaeu oneoa, i?aaeinoaaeyaiua nenoaiie SWIFT.
Aeey ia?aaea/e oaeaa?aoiuo niiauaiee onoaiiaeaiu aeaa i/a?aaeiinoe:
iau/iay e n?i/iay. Aeey n?i/iuo niiauaiee iiaeii oeacuaaoue a?aiy
aeinoaaee. Ana niiauaiey iieo/atho ii?yaeeiaua iiia?a, ca ioia?aoeeae
inouanoaeyaony eiio?ieue. Ia?aaea/a eaaeaeiai niiauaiey
iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony ii?ieai.
Nenoaia SWIFT aeaao aiciiaeiinoue inouanoaeyoue neaaeothuea aeaeu
oaeaa?aoiuo ia?aaiaeia:
eeeaioneea ia?aaiaeu;
aaieianeea ia?aaiaeu;
ecaauaiey aeaaaoiaua e e?aaeeoiaua;
aaethoii-eiiaa?neiiiua iia?aoeee;
e?aaeeoii-aeaiiceoiua iia?aoeee;
auieaou i?ioeaioia;
auienee ni n/aoa.
Aeey eaaeaeiai aeaea niiauaiey ?ac?aaioai naie niaoeeaeueiue oi?iao, a
eioi?ii oeacuaaaony eiee/anoai iaycaoaeueiuo eee i?iecaieueiuo
?aeaeceoia a niiauaiee.
SWIFT ia i?iecaiaeeo ?an/aoia ii ia?aaeaaaaiui oaeaa?aoiui ia?aaiaeai.
?an/ao i?iecaiaeeony aeaaaoiaaieai eee e?aaeeoiaaieai ei??aniiiaeaioneeo
n/aoia, o.a. aaie-iieo/aoaeue aeaaaooao n/ao aaiea-ioi?aaeoaey e
e?aaeeooao n/ao iieo/aoaey oaeaa?aoiiai ia?aaiaea. Anee aaie-iieo/aoaeue
aa?ao ia naay ?ene oauoea io iia?aoeee e?aaeeoiaaiey, oi ii iiaeao
auieaoeoue aeaiueae iieo/aoaeth ia?aaiaea, a iicaeiaa i?iecaanoe ?an/ao
n aaieii-ioi?aaeoaeai.
II.3. Noaia iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai oaeaa?aoiiai ia?aaiaea.
A ea/anoaa i?eia?a eniieueciaaiey SWIFT ieaea i?aaenoaaeaia noaia
iniiaiuo aeieia iaoaiecia ooieoeeiie?iaaiey nenoaiu oaeaa?aoiuo
ia?aaiaeia a NOA..
1. Noi?iiu, i?iecaiaeyuea ieaoaaeiua iia?aoeee.
Iie i?eieiatho ?aoaiey i ia?aaiaea aeaiaa ia eiy noi?iiu-iieo/aoaey.
Noi?iiaie, i?iecaiaeyueie ieaoaaeiua iia?aoeee, iiaoo auoue ei?ii?aoeee,
o/?aaeaeaiey, aaiee, /anoiua eeoea.
2. Iaoaieciu inouanoaeaiey ieaoaaeiuo iia?aoeee.
Ia?a/eneaiiua auoa noi?iiu aeatho naiei aaieai niioaaonoaothuea
ii?o/aiey ia oaeaa?aoiie ia?aaiae eeai ii oaeaoiio, eeai ienueiaiii
(oaeaen, oaeaoaei, ii/oa, oaen, oaeaa?ao ). Ia yoie noaaeee aaaeiaeoei
iiiaioii yaeyaony i?iaa?ea ee/iinoe ioi?aaeoaey aeaiaaeiiai ia?aaiaea.
Iaoiaeu i?iaa?ee i?yii caaenyo io oeiia iaoaieciia, eniieuecoaiuo aeey
ninoaaeaiey ii?o/aiee. Oaeaen e oaeaoaei ?aniieaaatho nenoaiaie ia?aoiuo
ioaaoia e eeth/aie aeey nee/aiey iiaeiene eeeaioia. Oaeaa?aoiua nenoaiu
nayce eniieuecotho eeth/e aeey nee/aiey iiaeiene eeeaioia, ia?iee e
niaoeeaeueiua oi?iu oaeinoiaa?aiey ee/iinoe. I?iaa?ea ii?o/aiee,
auaeaiiuo ii oaeaoiio, i?aaeiieaaaao ia?aoiua caiiee noi?iiai, auaeaaoei
niioaaonoaothuea ii?o/aiey. Ia ii?o/aieyo, i?eneaiiuo ii ii/oa, aaie
iaycai i?iaa?eoue iiaeienue auaeaaoeo eo noi?iiu.
3. Ia?aaioea e aeinoaaea ieaoaaea.
Aaie inouanoaeyao ieaoaaeioth iia?aoeeth iin?aaenoaii iaeiie ec /aou?ao
oaeaa?aoiuo eeiee nayce: “Fedwire “, “Bankwire”, “CHIPS” e “SWIFT”.
Iau/ii aaieianeay naycue n oaeaa?aoiie naoueth inouanoaeyaony
aaoiiaoe/anee, e eaaeaeay oaeaa?aoiay naoue eiaao naie eiaeu aeey
ninoaaeaiey ?acee/iuo ieaoaaeiuo ii?o/aieth Oaeei ia?acii, aieueoay
/anoue aaieia ia yoie noaaeee ia?aaioee ieaoaaeiuo ii?o/aiee eniieuecoao
aeaoo iia?aoi?ia: iaeiiai – aeey aaiaea aeaiiuo a nenoaio oaeaa?aoiiai
ia?aaiaea aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa, a ae?oaiai – aeey i?iaa?ee aaiaeeiuo
aeaiiuo. Iiaeiaiui aea ia?acii oaeaa?aoiua ia?aaiaeu, i?eoiaeyuea a
aaie, ia?aaaouaathony oaeaea aeaoiy iia?aoi?aie: iaeei – ecaauaao
noi?iiu ia eo iieo/aiee, aoi?ie – aeaeaao caiene ia n/aoao.
4. Ecaauaiea i iieo/aiee ieaoaaea.
Iaiaaeeaiii ii iieo/aiee aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa aaie ecaauaao ia yoii
iieo/aoaey (ei?ii?aoeeth, o/?aaeaeaiea, aaie eee /anoia eeoei).
Aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa, iinooiathuea oaeaa?aoiui ia?aaiaeii, iiaoo auoue
aeaoo aeaeia, a caiene io oiai, eaeay nenoaia oaeaa?aoiie nayce auea
eniieueciaaia aeey eo ia?aaea/e. Aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa n auieaoie a oio
aea aeaiue eee iaiaaeeaiii ii iieo/aiee ia?aaiaea iiaoo auoue iieo/aiu a
aeaiue, oeacaiiue a ieaoaaeiii ii?o/aiee. Aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa n
auieaoie ia neaaeothuee aeaiue eee aea n?aaenoaa, iinooiathuea io
?an/aoiuo iaeao, iiaoo auoue iieo/aiu ia neaaeothuee ?aai/ee aeaiue.
Ia?aaiaeu aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa i?aaeiieaaatho aeaa ?acee/iuo
eioi?iaoeeiiiuo iioiea.
iioie aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa io ioi?aaeoaey ia?aaiaea e iieo/aoaeth a aeaea
iaeiiai eee ianeieueeeo ieaoaaeiuo ii?o/aiee.
iioie ieaoaaeiuo ii?o/aiee e eioi?iaoeee i ieaoaaeiuo iia?aoeeyo,
ia/eiathueony io noi?iiu, i?iecaiaeyuae ieaoaaee, e i?iaeieaeathuaeny
/a?ac ecaauaiey.
Yoe iioiee iiaoo ieacaoueny i/aiue neiaeiuie a nayce n oai, /oi aeey
niaa?oaiey oaeaa?aoiuo ia?aaiaeia e oneoaai aaieia-ei??aniiiaeaioia,
yaeythueony /eaiaie eaeie-eeai ec oaeaa?aoiuo naoae ia?aaiaea aeaiaaeiuo
n?aaenoa , aoaeoo i?eaaaaoue oeiainiaua o/?aaeaeaiey, ia aoiaeyuea a yoo
nenoaio.
II.4. SWIFT – eae nenoaia ia?aaea/e aeaiiuo.
Naoue SWIFT yaeyaony nenoaiie ia?aaea/e aeaiiuo, i?aaieciaaiiie oae,
/oiau aaiee ?acee/iuo no?ai, iniauaiiua oa?ieiaeaie ?aciuo iiaeaeae n
?acee/iie nei?inoueth ?aaiou iiaee aani?aiyonoaaiii iiieiaoue ae?oa
ae?oaa.
Niiauaiey nenoaiu SWIFT niaea?aeao iiey, eaeaioeoeoee?othuea anao
o/anoieeia ia?aaea/e eioi?iaoeee e ieaoaaeae.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ii?aaeaeaiu 7 eaoaai?ee niiauaiee, aeeth/athueo aieaa
70 oeiia. Eaaeaeue oei niiauaiee i?eaioe?iaai ia iaeneiaeueii iieiia e
oi/iia io?aaeaiea o?aaiaaiee ii i?aaenoaaeaieth e i?iaeaaea aeaiiuo,
eioi?ua iiaoo aicieeiooue a i?aeoeea aaieia, eniieuecothueo yoe
niiauaiey, oi anoue eniieiythueo iia?aoeee iiaeiaiiai ?iaea.
Oaeno niiauaiey ninoieo ec iieae, /anoue eioi?uo yaeyaony
iaycaoaeueiuie, iaeioi?ua iiey ca?aiaa i?iioia?iaaiu.
Iaycaoaeueiua iiey niaea?aeao eioi?iaoeeth, iaiaoiaeeioth aeey
i?aaeeueiie ia?aaioee yoiai niiauaiey. Aeiiieieoaeueiay eioi?iaoeey
(aeey iieiuo oeacaiee) i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe ?aniieaaaaony a iieyo
“ iioeeiiaeueiuo” (iaiaycaoaeueiuo) . Niiauaiey, eae
i?aaeei, ia?aaeathony io iaeiiai iieueciaaoaey SWIFT, ae?oaiio
(ae?oaei), ii eiathony e “nenoaiiua niiauaiey”, iicaieythuea
iieueciaaoaeyi acaeiiaeaenoaiaaoue n eiiioieeaoeeiiiie nenoaiie
(cai?inu) e nenoaia n iieueciaaoaeai ( io/aou e o.ae.). Oaeei ia?acii,
nenoaiiua niiauaiey eniieuecothony aeey cai?ina ii?aaeaeaiiuo
aeaenoaee e iieo/aiey niaoeeaeueiuo n/aoia, aeey iienea niiauaiee a
aaca aeaiiuo, aeey o/aaiuo e o?aie?iai/iuo oeaeae. Eiiioieeaoeeiiiay
nenoaia SWIFT iiaeao iai?aaeyoue cai?inu e iaeeaeaoue ioaaou
iieueciaaoaey eee eioi?ie?iaaoue aai i ninoiyiee nenoai, aa iaiiaeaie,
iiauo oneoa e i?i/aa.
Any niaoeeoeea nenoaiu SWIFT, eae nenoaia oeiainiauo iaaeaaieianeeo
eiiioieeaoeee, io?aaeaaony a eaoaai?eyo, a?oiiao e oeiao niiauaiee.
Eaaeaeia niiauaiea ninoieo ec 4-o ninoaaeythueo: caaieiaea, oaenoa,
oaeinoiaa?aiey, ieii/aiey.
Oae, caaieiaie niaea?aeeo ainueie eee iaeeiiaaeoeaoecia/iue aae?an
aaiea iieo/aoaey, eiae oa?ieiaea ioi?aaeoaey, oaeouee iyoecia/iue iiia?
, eioi?ue auiieiyao eiio?ieueioth e caueoioth ooieoeeth, a oaeaea
o?aocia/iue eiae niiauaiey n aeaocia/iui eiaeii i?ei?eoaoa.
Aeae niiauaiey ii?aaeaeyaony o?aocia/iui oeeo?iaui eiaeii, i?e/ai
ia?aay oeeo?a niioaaonoaoao eaoaai?ee iia?aoeee, eaaeauae a iniiaa
niiauaiey. Oae, ia?aaiae ii ii?o/aieth eeeaioo iaicia/aaony eae 100,
ia?aaiae, ia?aaiae ca n/ao n?aaenoa aaiea eae 200, ia?aaiae aaiea ca
n/ao o?aoueaai aaiea 202, iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea aaethoiie naeaeee eae 300.
Aeey eiaee?iaaiey niiauaiee ec iaeanoe aeieoiaioa?iiai eieanni
eniieuecoaony eaoaai?ey 4, aeey iia?aoeee n oeaiiuie aoiaaaie –
eaoaai?ey 5, aeey aee?aaeeoeaiuo iia?aoeee – eaoaai?ey 7 e aeey
niaoeeaeueiuo niiauaiee oeia aeaaao – e?aaeao – aaeci e auienie ii
n/aoai – eaoaai?ey 9.
Nianoaaiii, oaeno niiauaiey ninoieo ec iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe iieae,
iaicia/aiiuo aeaocia/iui oeeo?iaui eiaeii. Cia/aiea iaeioi?uo ec yoeo
iieae i?eaaaeaiu ieaea:
32: Noiia
50: Ia?aaiaeaaeaoaeue
57: Aaie, a eioi?ii aaaeaony n/ao
69: Aaiaoeoeea?
70: Iacia/aiea
71: Ca /ae n/ao e noiia eiiennee
72: Eioi?iaoeey, ia?aaeaaaaiay aaieii
A caaeneiinoe io oeia niiauaiey ii?aaeaeaiiua iiey aeieaeiu auoue
iaycaoaeueii caiieiaiu, ae?oaea iiaoo caiieiyony ii auai?o. Iaeiaei
iaeioi?ua ec ieo ia aeieaeiu caiieiyony a ii?aaeaeaiiuo niiauaieyo,
iai?eia?, i?ioeaioiay noaaea a ia?aaiaea ca n/ao eeeaioa.
Aeey iaicia/aiey aaetho i?eiaiyaony o?aocia/iue aoeaaiiue eiae,
?ac?aaioaiiue ISO (International Organisation for Standardisation). Aeaa
ia?aua aoeau iaicia/atho no?aio, a iineaaeiyy – aaethoo niioaaonoaothuae
no?aiu, iai?eia?, aeey iaicia/aiey iaiaoeeie ia?ee eniieuecoaony eiae
DEM.
Ana niiauaiey aaoiiaoe/anee oeo?othony, eae oieueei iie aaiaeyony a
eiiioieeaoeeiiioth naoue, /oi iaania/eaaao nae?aoiinoue eioi?iaoeee.
A niiauaiee, e?iia oiai, niaea?aeeony “oaeinoiaa?aiea”, eioi?ia
aa?aioe?oao, /oi oaeno niiauaiey ia iiaeaa?any eciaiaieyi a i?ioeanna
ia?aaea/e.
Aaie caeac/eea eioi?ie?oao aaie-ioi?aaeoaeue e iaiaoiaeeiinoe iineaoue
niiauaiea e ia?aaiaeeo aio niioaaonoaothuoth noiio. Aaie iieo/aoaey i?e
i?eaia niiauaiey ia?aaiaeeo yoo noiio ia n/ao ?an/aoiiai aaiea,
inouanoaeyaiiai ieaoaaee.
?an/aou iaaeaeo aaieii-ioi?aaeoaeai e aaieii-iieo/aoaeai inouanoaeyaony
n iiiiuueth n/aoa , eioi?ue ioe?uaaaony a iaeiii ec ieo aeey ae?oaiai.
Eoi aeey eiai ioe?uaaao n/ao, caaeneo o oeia aaethou, a eioi?ie
i?iecaiaeeony ?an/aou. Anee ieaoaaee inouanoaeythony a aaethoa
ainoaea?noaa, a eioi?ii iaoiaeeony aaie-iieo/aoaeue, oi ii aiineo
niioaaonoaothuoth noiio a aeaaao n/aoa aaiea-ioi?aaeoaey a naiai aaiea.
Iaiai?io, anee ieaoaaee inouanoaeythony a aaethoa ainoaea?noaa, a
eioi?ii iaoiaeeony aaie-ioi?aaeoaey, oi ii ioe?uaaao o naay n/ao
aaiea-iieo/aoaey e i?aaeinoaaeyao aio e?aaeeo ia niioaaonoaothuoth
noiio.
A iaeioi?uo neo/ayo ieaoaaee i?ioiaeyo aeeeiiue iooue, /ai niiauaiey
/a?ac aaiee- iin?aaeieee, /oi caaeneo io eiie?aoiuo oneiaee ieaoaaea.
Oaaaeiieaiea aaieia-ei??aniiiaeaioia i ieaoaaeao inouanoaeyaony
niaoeeaeueiuie niiauaieyie. Anee a i?aaiecaoeee nayce o/anoaotho /aou?a
aaiea iin?aaeieea, oi a niiauaieyo eaeaioeoeoee?oaony aaie-caeac/eea,
?an/aoiue aaie e ei??aniiiaeaiou ioi?aaeoaey e iieo/aoaey. I?e yoii
eaeaioeoeeaoi?u ioi?aaeoaey e iieo/aoaey a oaenoa niiauaiee ia
oeacuaaaony, oae eae iie iaoiaeyony a aai caaieiaea.
Oaoie/aneay eio?ano?oeoo?a nenoaiu SWIFT i?aaenoaaeaia
eiiiuethoa?iuie oeaio?aie, ?aniieiaeaiiuie ii anaio ie?o, niaaeeiaiiuie
aunieinei?inoiuie eeieyie ia?aaea/e aeaiiuo, eioi?ua auaeaeaiu ec
ainoaea?noaaiiuo, iaoeeiiaeueiuo eee eiiia?/aneeo naoae nayce. Na?aeoeai
naoe – nenoaiu yaeythony aeaa ia?aaaouaathueo oeaio?a: a Aieeaiaeee e
NOA, eioi?ua niaaeeiythony n aaoiiiiiuie ?aaeiiaeueiuie i?ioeanni?aie,
onoaiiaeaiiuie, eae i?aaeei, a eaaeaeie ec anooieaoeo a nenoaio no?aiu.
?aaeiiaeueiue i?ioeanni? auiieiyao ooieoeeth aoiaea a naoue SWIFT.
Aeeoioee?iaaiiua a iai niiauaiey oeo?othony e ii iaaeaeoia?iaeiui
eeieyi nayce iinooiatho a iia?aoeeiiiue oeaio?. A SWIFT
eniieuecothony ?aciiia?aciua eeiee nayce ( eae iaoeeiiaeueiua, oae e
eiiia?/aneea) ia i?aaao a?aiaeu.
Caeanue inouanoaeyaony niioaaonoaothuay i?iaa?ea: oaeinoiaa?yaony
i?aaeeueiinoue oi?iaoa aeieoiaioia, n?ieia e aae?ania ioi?aaeoaey e
iieo/aoaey, noaoon ono?ienoaa, ia?aaeaaoaai niiauaiea. Iinea yoiai
niiauaiea eioe?oaony a caoeo?iaaiiii aeaea. I?ioeaaeo?a eiie?iaaiey
auaiaeii ioee/aao SWIFT io ae?oaeo yeaeo?iiiuo nenoai. Iai?eia?, a
aia?eeaineie nenoaia ?an/aoia naeaeea n/eoaaony caaa?oaiiie iinea oiai,
eae n?aaenoaa iinooiatho a ?aca?aiue aaie iieo/aoaey. O/anoiee nenoaiu
SWIFT (eae ioi?aaeoaeue, oae e iieo/aoaeue) eiaao i?aai ca
aeiiieieoaeueioth ieaoo iieo/eoue eiieth, aucaaaoaai niiiaiey, niiauaiey
aeey auiieiaiey aicieeoeo aii?inia. Iinea i?iaa?ee e eiie?iaaiey
niiauaiey ii iaaeaeoia?iaeiui eeieyi nayce iii iinooiaao a ?aaeiiaeueiue
i?ioeanni? no?aiu, aaea ?aniieiaeai aaie-iieo/aoaey, a ioooaea – a aaie
.
Iaeii ec iniiaiuo aeinoeaeaiee SWIFT – nicaeaiea e eniieueciaaiea
niaoeeaeueiuo noaiaea?oia aaieianeie aeieoiaioaoeee, i?ecaaiiuo
iaaeaeoia?iaeiie i?aaiecaoeeae noaiaea?oecaoeee. Oieoeeaoeey aaieianeeo
aeieoiaioia iicaieeea ecaaaeaoue neiaeiinoae e ioeaie, eioi?ua
aucuaaeenue ?anoiaeaeaieyie a o?aaeeoeeyo eo ioi?ieaiey a ?aciuo
no?aiao, cao?oaeiaiee ycueiaiai oa?aeoa?a. Iaiaeia i?aeiouanoai aeaiiuo
noaiaea?oia caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi eo nicaeaoaee iaeiia?aiaiii
yaeythony e eo iieueciaaoaeyie, a, neaaeiaaoaeueii, eiatho aiciiaeiinoue
iia?aoeaii eo niaa?oainoaiaaoue. Anaaiciiaeiua aeaeu aoiaeyuae e
enoiaeyuae aeieoiaioaoeee auee naaaeaiu i?eia?ii e 70 aeaeai oi?iaoia,
?acaeouo ia a?oiiu ii iniiaiui aeaeai iia?aoeee.. Oae, a?oiia “
iia?aoeee n oeaiiuie aoiaaaie” aeeth/aao 16, a?oiia “?an/aou ii eieanni”
– 7, “ ?an/aou ii aee?aaeeoeaai” – 18 aeaeia aeieoiaioia. I?aeiouanoaa
noaiaea?oia SWIFT ieacaeenue ianoieueei i/aaeaeiuie aeey aaieianeeo
o/?aaeaeaiee, /oi ae?oaea aiaeiae/iua (Eiiaeiineay CHAPS, o?aioeocneay
SAGITTAIRE, Iueth-Ei?eneay CHIPS) oaeaea i?eiyee eo ia aii?oaeaiea, eee
nicaeaee nenoaio aaoiiaoe/aneiai ia?aaiaea noaiaea?oia SWIFT a
nianoaaiiua.
aaieianeee oa?ieiae, eioi?ue onoaiaaeeaaaony a aaiea e i?aaeiacia/ai
aeey aeinooia ia?niiaea aaiea a naoue. Oa?ieiaeaie nenoaiu SWIFT
iau/ii yaeyaony ia?niiaeueiue eiiiuethoa?. Niiioe?iaaiiia iai?oaeiaaiea
iiaeao naeaaaoueny “iiae eeth/” eee eioaa?e?iaaoueny a nouanoaothuoth
aaieianeoth nenoaio;
?aaeiiaeueiue i?ioeanni? ( ?I), iniiaiui iacia/aieai, eioi?iai
yaeyaony i?aaiecaoeey acaeiiaeaenoaey iieueciaaoaeae iaeioi?ie
ia?aie/aiiie iaeanoe ( no?aiu, a?oii no?ai);
neaen-i?ioeanni? (NI), iaiaoiaeeiue aeey iaiaia niiauaieyie iaaeaeo
iiaeeeth/aiiuie e iaio ?I, e?aoein?i/iiai e aeeeoaeueiiai a?oeae?iaaiey
niiauaiee e aaia?aoeee nenoaiiuo io/aoia. Nenoaia SWIFT iicaieyao
nio?aieoue eioi?iaoeeth i i?iecaaaeaiiuo ia?aaiaeao a oa/aiee 4
ianyoeaa;
i?ioeanni? oi?aaeaiey nenoaiie (ION), auiieiythuae ooieoeee iiieoi?a
nenoaiu, oi?aaeaiey nenoaiie e naoueth. Nouanoaoao 2 ION : iaeei a
Aieeaiaeee, aoi?ie a NOA. ION aaeeinoaaiiue o?iaaiue nenoaiu, eioi?ie ia
caiyo ia?aaioeie niiauaiee, a i?aaeiacia/ai eneeth/eoaeueii aeey
oi?aaeaiey nenoaiie SWIFT a oeaeii;
Aeinooi e nenoaia inouanoaeyaony neaaeothuei ia?acii:
Eaaeaeiio niiauaieth i?enaaeaaaony iineaaeiaaoaeueiue aoiaeiie iiia?
i?e aaiaea a nenoaio e auoiaeiie – i?e auoiaea ec iaa. I?iaa?ee
auiieiythony ii yoei iiia?ai. Anee aoiaeiie iiia? ia a ii?yaeea,
nenoaia aai ioaa?aaao, ioeeth/aao oa?ieiae io nenoaiu e o?aaoao iiaue
eaeaioeoeeaoeee iin?aaenoaii eiaea. Niiauaiey, aaiaeeiua a nenoaio n
ionooieaieai io noaiaea?oiiai, i?ioieiea eee oi?iaoa aoaeoo ioaa?aioou.
II.5. I?aeiouanoaa e iaaeinoaoee nenoaiu SWIFT.
Oioaeinue au i?iaiaeece?iaaoue i?aeiouanoaa e iaaeinoaoee nenoaiu
SWIFT. I?aaeaea anaai – i?aeiouanoaa:
Eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiue ieaoaaeiue e e?aaeeoiue iai?io
ana aieaa eiioeaio?e?oaony ia o/anoieeao e iieueciaaoaeyo SWIFT. Aaiee ,
eioi?ua ia oioyo auoue auoaniaiiuie ec iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ieaoaaeiiai
iai?ioa, aeieaeiu ii niia?aaeaieyi eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe
iiaeeeth/eoueny e SWIFT.
Aaciianiinoue. Aaciianiinoue ia?aaea/e, oi anoue caueoa io
oaeueneoeeaoeee, iioa?ue e inoaaeaiey aac ioaaoa ieaoaaeiuo ii?o/aiee
e oeiainiauo niiauaiee nouanoaaiii iiauoaaony aeaaiaea?y
i?aaenoaaeaiiie nenoaia. Iiieii i?ia?aii ii iaania/aieth aaciianiinoe,
i?eiaiyaiuo a au/eneeoaeueiuo oeaio?ao e eiioeaio?aoi?ao SWIFT (
eiio?ieue ca aeinooiii, eiio?ieue iaoeiiuo caeia), a nenoaio ano?iaiu
iaeioi?ua niaoeeaeueiua ia?u ii iaania/aieth aaciianiinoe , eioi?ua
aa?aioe?otho aa aieueooth noaiaiue ii n?aaiaieth a o?aaeeoeeiiiui
ieaoaaeiui aaeainii. A /anoiinoe e iei ioiinyony:
i?iaa?ea ?ac?aoaiiiai iieueciaaiey nenoaiiui oa?ieiai a ia/aea e a
eiioea naiie nenoaiu;
aaoiiaoe/aneay ioia?aoeey anao aoiaeyueo e auoiaeyueo niiauaiee a
i?aaeienaiiii ii?yaeea, ii?yaeie ioia?aoeee eiio?iee?oaony naiie
nenoaiie;
aaoiiaoe/aneay ia?aaea/a niiauaiee iaaeaeo aeaoiy aaieaie iin?aaenoaii
onoaiiaeaiey acaeiinayce ii eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiio eeth/o;
aaoiiaoe/aneay i?iaa?ea eioi?iaoeee a aaiea -iieo/aoaey.
Caueoa eeiee nayce iia?aoeeiiiuie oeaio?aie SWIFT e iaoeeiiaeueiuie
?aaeiiaeueiuie i?ioeanni?aie, ca n/ao eniieueciaaiey niaoeeaeueiuo
eiaee?othuee ono?ienoa ia iniiaa aaia?aoi?ia neo/aeiuo /enae, eioi?ua
aeaeatho niiauaiey iaaeinooiiuie aeey iinoi?iiieo eeoe.
Oaeei ia?acii, iieiay n?aaea ii iaania/aieth aaciianiinoe nenoaiu
SWIFT ninoieo ec iiiaio?iaiaaie eiiaeiaoeee oece/aneie aaciianiinoe,
aaciianiinoe eeiee ia?aaea/e, aaciianiinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey e
i?ioeaaeo?iie aaciianiinoe.
A oeaeyo aieueoae aaciianiinoe i?e ia?aaea/e niiauaiee eeiey,
niaaeeiythuay aaie-/eai SWIFT e aai ?aaeiiaeueiue i?ioeanni?, iiaeao
auoue caueuaia ca n/ao aaiea.
Auno?ioa. Auno?ioa ia?aaea/e niiauaiee n iiiiuueth SWIFT oeo/oaao
aiciiaeiinoe ii onei?aieth ia?a?aciauaiey n?aaenoaa aeey aaieia e eo
eeeaioia (a aeaiue ia?aaeaaony n niioaaonoaaiii i?iaa?yaony a n?aaeiai
600 oun. ieaoaaeae).
Ia?aaea/a ieaoaaeiiai ii?o/aiey ec O?aieoo?oa a Iueth-Ei?e, iai?eia?, a
?aaeeia ii?iaeueiiai niiauaiey, caieiaao iaiaa 20 ieioo, a ?aaeeia
n?i/iiai niiauaiey o?aaoaony ieiei 5 ieioo.
Ia?anueaaiua /a?ac SWIFT niiauaiey, eae i?aaeei, aeinoeaatho ianoa
iacia/aiey auno?aa, /ai ii iau/iiio oaeaeno, iineieueeo eiee/anoai
i?iiaaeooi/iuo noaioeee ii oaeaeno aieueoa.
Ae?oaea aeinoieinoaa SWIFT caeeth/athony a aiciiaeiinoe i?ei?eoaoiie
iinueee niiauaiey, iienea niiauaiee, iineaiiuo 10 aeiae iacaae e
iieo/aiea aaieia oaeaa?aoiuo niiauaiee.
I?aeiouanoaii nenoaiu SWIFT yaeyaony ioaaonoaaiiinoue a ?aieao nenoaiu.
Nicaeaoaeyie SWIFT onoaiiaeaiu
i?aaeea, eioi?ua iicaieytho ioaeaeueiui /eaiai i?aaeuyaeyoue i?aoaicee i
aiciauaiee oua?aa SWIFT eee ae?oaiio o/anoaothuaio a iae einoeoooo i?e
ii?aaeaeaiiuo ianoiyoaeuenoaao.
A /anoiinoe, ii?aaeaeaiu ianoiyoaeuenoaa, i?e eioi?uo
aaie-ioi?aaeoaeue, aaie-iieo/aoaeue eee iaeiie ec noi?ii. Yoi iniaaiii
eanaaony SWIFT, anee niiauaiea auei iiaeoaa?aeaeaii ioi?aaeoaeth, ii ia
ia?aaeaii iieo/aoaeth. Ioeaeie nenoaiu eee aa ia?niiaea n/eoaaony oaeay
neooaoeey, eiaaea aaiee-/eaiu n?aco aea ia eioi?ie?othony ia ioeaeao a
ae?oaeo aaieao, iia?aoeeiiiuo oeaio?ao eee ?aaeiiaeueiuo i?ioeanni?ao.
Aiciiaeiinoe ii ?aoeeiiaeecaoeee aioo?e aaiea – aua iaeii aeinoieinoai
nenoaiu. Iinea ia?aaea/e /a?ac SWIFT iieo/aiiua ieaoaaee e oeiainiaua
niiauaiey iiaoo n?aco aea aac i?aaeaa?eoaeueiie ?o/iie ia?aaioee
ia?aaaouaaoueny YAI. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, ethaay iia?aoeey, i?aaeeaaaaiay
a aeaea niiauaiey ii SWIFT ( iai?eia?, iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea aaethoiie
naeaeee, ieaoaaeiia ii?o/aiea e o.ae.) iiaeao auoue iaiaaeeaiii e
aaoiiaoe/anee i?aa?auaia a enoiaeyuaa niiauaiea.
Ae?oaie cia/eoaeueiue yeiiiie/aneee yooaeo iiaeao auoue iieo/ai ca n/ao
oeo/oaiey eiio?iey ca inoaoeaie ia n/aoao “iino?i” e onei?aiey
ia?a?aciauaiey n?aaenoa ii n/aoai, /oi aeinoeaaaony ca n/ao auno?ie
ia?aaea/e /a?ac SWIFT auienie ii n/aoai.
Aeey oiai, /oiau yoe aiciiaeiinoe ii ?aoeeiiaeecaoeee iieiinoueth
?aaeeciaaeny, iaiaoiaeeii i?iaanoe ?ai?aaiecaoeeth o?oaeiaiai i?ioeanna
a niioaaonoaothueo iiae?acaeaeaiee aaiea. Iiaeiaiua eciaiaiey o?aaotho
cia/eoaeueiuo cao?ao a?aiaie e o?oaea e iiaoo inouanoaeyoue iinoaiaiii,
iai?eia?, nia/aea a ioaeaea aaethoiuo iia?aoeee (iiaeoaa?aeaeaiey e
ieaoaaee), caoai iaaeaeoia?iaeiua ?an/aou, auaa?ea n/aoia “iino?i”.
E niaeaeaieth, aeaiiay nenoaia ia eeoaia iaaeinoaoeia. Iaeiei ec ieo
yaeyaony a ii?aaeaeaiiie noaiaie caaeneiinoe aioo?aiiae i?aaiecaoeee
io i/aiue neiaeiie oaoie/aneie nenoaiu e naycaiiua n yoei oaoie/aneea
i?iaeaiu e naie iiaoo yaeyoueny eae ?ac iaaeinoaoeii.
Iaeiaei, ai?acaei aieueoaa cia/aiea eiatho aunieea ?anoiaeu, eioi?ua
aieueoa anao ia?aiaiytho iaeeea aaiee. Oioy n iiiiuueth SWIFT iiaeao
auoue aeinoeaiooi nieaeaiea ecaea?aeae a ?acoeueoaoa naycaiiie n
nenoaiie ?aoeeiiaeecaoeee, yoe i?aeiouanoaa, eae i?aaeei, o?oaeii
ecia?eoue e n?aaieoue n e?oiiuie cao?aoaie.
A ea/anoaa aua iaeiiai iaaeinoaoea iiaeii iacaaoue nie?auaiea
aiciiaeiinoae ii iieueciaaieth ieaoaaeiui e?aaeeoii (ia a?aiy i?iaaaa
aeieoiaioa). Iaoneiaeaiiia SWIFT nie?auaiea a?aiaie ia ia?aaioeo e
i?iaaa aeieoiaioia nie?auaao i?iiaaeooie iaaeaeo aeaaaoii e e?aaeeoii
n/aoia, ia eioi?uo io?aaeaaony aeaiiue ia?aaiae.
Iiaeaaaey iaeioi?ue eoia anaio auoa neacaiiiio oioaeinue au ioiaoeoue,
/oi iaiaoiaeeiinoue auoiaea a ca?oaaaeiua aaieianeea nenoaiu ( a
/anoiinoe, a SWIFT) naycaia n nia?aiaiiuie oneiaeyie ?acaeoey
aaieianeie noa?u.
?aoaiea yoie caaea/e aeieaeii ia/aoueny e ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue yoi
eiaao ianoi ai anao aaieao – eiiieaena “Eeeaio-Aaie”, a iniiaa eioi?iai
eaaeeo niaeaoaiea.
Iaeaieaa aunoae nooiaiueth aaoiiaoecaoeee aeayoaeueiinoe eiiia?/aneiai
aaiea yaeyaony nenoaia “NAAeEI”, aeeth/athuay a naay iaaeaaieianeoth
aaoiiaoece?iaaiioth ?an/aoioth nenoaio “IA?N”. Ii iiaieth
niaoeeaeenoia, aeaiioth nenoaio iiaeii iacaaoue ioa/anoaaiiui aiaeiaii
nenoaiu SWIFT.
AEAAA III. I?IAEAIU YEAEO?IIIIAI AeAIAAEIIAI IA?AUAIEss A ?INNEE.
?aaeueiay ioaea/a io aaaaeaiey a iaoae no?aia yeaeo?iiiiai aeaiaaeiiai
ia?auaiey caeeth/aaony a neaaeothuai.
Ai-ia?auo, iiaeii aoaeao nie?aoeoue iaee/ioth aeaiaaeioth ianno ia
ianeieueei o?eeeeiiia ?oaeae, a cia/eo e ia?iiiua ecaea?aeee ii
eieannaoeee, ia?an/aoo e iaania/aieth nio?aiiinoe aeaiaa.
Ai-aoi?uo, onei?eoue iai?io aaciaee/iie aeaiaaeiie iannu.
A-o?aoueeo, oii?yaei/eoue e?aaeeoii-iaeiaiaoth nenoaio. Ano?iaiiinoue
aaieia a aaeeioth nenoaio yeaeo?iiiiai ia?auaiey iicaieeo ea/anoaaiii e
auno?i ii?aaeaeyoue ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoue eeeaioo?u, a oaeaea yooaeo io
i?iaaaeaiey iaia/aiiuo aaieianeeo iia?aoeee. E oiio aea iiyaeony
?aaeueiay aiciiaeiinoue aeey eiiiaiee e oe?i ii?o/aoue aaieai (eae yoi
eiaao ianoi ia Caiaaea) aaaeaiea aooaaeoa?neiai aaeaina, oi?aaeaiey
aeoeaaie, ?an/aou n athaeaeaoii e ia?niiaeii e ae?.
A-/aoaa?ouo, nieceoue e?eieiiaaiiinoue yeiiiieee, ono?aieoue ii/ao aeey
aoa? ii iiaeaeaeea aaieianeeo aeieoiaioia.
A eiia/iii n/aoa ia?aaiae oeiainiauo iia?aoeee ia yeaeo?iiioth iniiao
iiiiaeao ioa/anoaaiiui aaieai noaoue oai, /ai iie aeieaeiu auoue –
?aaoeyoi?ii ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa.
Iaeiaei a oneiaeyo oaniie caaeneiinoe aaieia ae?oa io ae?oaa, oaeie
yeiiiie/aneee yooaeo iiaeii iaeeaeaoue oieueei io aiaae?aiey
anaiauaiethuae yeaeo?iiiie aeaiaaeiie nenoaiu a ianooaaao anae no?aiu, a
ia oieueei a ?aieao ioaeaeueiuo aaieia e ?aaeiiia, ionoue aeaaea
e?oiiuo.
A nicaeaiee a iaoae no?aia yeaeo?iiiiai aeaiaaeiiai ia?auaiey oaea
naeaeaiu ia?aua oaae. A eiioea 1992 aiaea ?an/aou n eeeaioaie
iin?aaenoaii yeaeo?iiiie naoe ia/ae iineianeee eiiia?/aneee aaie
“Eaeeoa”. Nenoaia yeaeo?iiiuo ieaoaaeae ?ac?aaioaia niaoeeaeenoaie aaiea
ia iniiaa iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo noaiaea?oia ii aaieianeie nayce (ISO).
N aa iiiiuueth eeeaio niiaeao ioi?ieyoue ia naiai eiiiuethoa?a e
ionueaoue aaieo ii eaiaeai yeaeo?iiiie nayce ieaoaaeiua ii?o/aiey ii
nienaieth n?aaenoa. A aoaeouai ieaie?oaony eniieueciaaoue aeaiioth
nenoaio aeey ca/eneaiey n?aaenoa ia aeaiiceo, caeaca eeeaioii e?aaeeoa e
aai ioi?ieaiey.
Eiioeaeaioeeaeueiinoue eioi?iaoeee a ia?aaeaaaaiuo aeieoiaioao
iaania/eaaaony nenoaiie oeo?ia, iaoiaeyuaeny ia aeeneaoa n oeo?iaaeueiui
eeth/ii, eioi?ay i?aaeinoaaeyaony eeeaioo aaiea.
Aaie “Iineiaey” niaianoii n aaieii ?innee e Oaaea?aeueiie ?aca?aiie
nenoaiie NOA i?iaiaeeo yenia?eiaio ii i?eiaiaieth yeaeo?iiiie nenoaiu
ieaoaaeae. Iia?aoeee i?iaiaeyony /a?ac nenoaio ?EOe iaeiiiiiaioii:
iaeiia?aiaiii nienuaathony noiiu n aaiea-ioi?aaeoaey e ca/eneythony ia
ei?.n/ao aaiea-iieo/aoaey.
N auoiaeii a 1992 aiaeo Iieiaeaiey i aaciaee/iuo ?an/aoao a ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee e Iieiaeaiey ia i?aaiecaoeee iaaeaaieianeeo ?an/aoia
iin?aaenoaii aaenaeae, /aeia e ieaoaaeiuo ii?o/aiee, aee?aaeeoeaia
i?eaeeaeaiu e iaaeaeoia?iaeiui noaiaea?oai. I?e iiaeaioiaea
auoaoeacaiiuo iieiaeaiee i?iaeaeaia aieueoay ?aaioa ii noaiaea?oecaoeee
e oeiecaoeee naieo oi?i ?an/aoii-ieaoaaeiuo aeieoiaioia, i?eniiniaeaieth
eo e oneiaeyi ooieoeeiie?iaaiey aeaooo?iaiaaie aaieianeie nenoaiu e
inouanoaeaiey iaaeaaieianeeo ?an/aoia /a?ac ?EOe Aaiea ?innee.
Aianoa n oai ?acaeoea yeaeo?iiiuo aeaiaaeiuo ?an/aoia a iaoae no?aia
naea?aeeaaaony ec-ca ionoaeinoe iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneie aacu
eiiia?/aneeo e oeaio?aeueiiai aaieia, ino?ie iaoaaoee nia?aiaiiuo
eiiiuethoa?iuo oaoiieiaee e i?ia?aiiiiai i?iaeoeoa aeey aaieia iaieo
o?iaiae. Oaoie/aneia aea ia?ainiauaiea anae aaieianeie nenoaiu ?innee –
aeaei ioaeaeaiiiai aoaeouaai, iineieueeo o?aaoao eieinnaeueiuo
iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneeo e oeiainiauo ?ano?nia.
Iaeiaei caeanue eiathony iieiaeeoaeueiua naeaeae. Aaieii ?innee
inouanoaeyaony ?yae i?iaeoia ii iiaea?iecaoeee iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneie
aacu e?oiiuo ?aaeiiaeueiuo ?EOe. A Ia?ineie, Naa?aeeianeie e
Aieaia?aaeneie iaeanoyo ia/eiay n ieoya?y 1992 aiaea i?iaiaeeony
iiuoii-i?iiuoeaiiay yenieoaoaoeey i?ia?aiiii-oaoie/aneiai eiiieaena
iiaeaea?aeee oaoiieiaee yeaeo?iiiuo iaae?aaeiiaeueiuo ieaoaaeae e
io?aaioea:
nenoaiu ia?aaea/e aeaiiuo n eniieueciaaieai eiiiooe?oaiuo e auaeaeaiiuo
eaiaeia nayce, iaania/eaathueo iaiaoiaeeiue o?iaaiue aeinoiaa?iinoe e
caueou io ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiiai aeinooia;
oaoiieiaee i?iaaaeaiey yeaeo?iiiuo ieaoaaeae;
ninoaaa eioa?oaenia iaiaia eioi?iaoeeae i?e iaae?aaeiiaeueiuo
yeaeo?iiiuo ?an/aoao;
ii?yaeea e oi?iu acaeiiaeaenoaey eiiia?/aneeo aaieia e eo eeeaioia n
nenoaiie yeaeo?iiiuo ?an/aoia Aaiea ?innee;
eiiieaena i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oaoie/aneeo ia?ii?eyoee ii nicaeaieth e
ooieoeeiie?iaaieth iaae?aaeiiaeueiuo ?an/aoii-eanniauo oeaio?ia.
?acaa?ioou ?aaiou ii nicaeaieth nia?aiaiiuo aaoiiaoece?iaaiiuo
aaieianeeo nenoai a E?eooneii e ?ycaineii ?aaeiiao n iiiiuueth
ca?oaaaeiuo oe?i IBM e DEC.
Nicaeaaaaiue a E?eoonea aaoiiaoece?iaaiiue iaae?aaeiiaeueiue oeaio?
eioi?iaoecaoeee, aiciiaeii, noaiao i?ioioeiii yae?a iauaiaoeeiiaeueiie
eee?eiaiaie nenoaiu. Eiioeaioeey aai nicaeaiey iaania/eaaao aanueia
yooaeoeaiia ?aoaiea iaeaieaa aeooaeueiuo caaea/ E?eooneiai ?aaeiia n
?an/aoii ia ia?niaeoeao.
Ia ia?aii yoaia, a /anoiinoe, i?aaeoniao?eaaaony nicaeaiea aa?eaioa
nenoaiu iaaeaaieianeeo ?an/aoia, caaycaiiie ia aeaiiue i?iaeo. Yoi
iicaieeo oniaa?oainoaiaaoue ii?iaoeaii-i?aaiaoth aaco e ai?iae?iaaoue
noaiaea?ou acaeiiaeaenoaey eiiia?/aneeo aaieia n naoueth o/?aaeaeaiee
Aaiea ?innee. Oai naiui aaieianeay nenoaia aoaeao iiaeaioiaeaia e
oe?ieiio aiaae?aieth nia?aiaiiuo oaoiieiaee.
Ii?aaeaeaiiua aiciiaeiinoe aeey aiaae?aiey yeaeo?iiiuo ?an/aoia
ioe?uaathony n iiaeeeth/aieai ?EOe e AOe Aaiea ?innee e eiiia?/aneie
eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaia (EIEN) “?aia?o”. Iie i?aaenoaaeytho niaie
i?ia?aiiii-aiia?aoiue eiiieaen, aeeth/athuee oeaio?aeueiue (HOST)
eiiiuethoa?, ono?ienoaa ia?aaea/e aeaiiuo e o.i., a oaeaea oaeaeaiiua
(REMOTE) ?aai/ea ianoa. Aeaiiue eiiieaen i?aaeiacia/ai aeey
eniieueciaaiey a aaieianeeo o/?aaeaeaieyo, ae?aeao e i?aaiecaoeeyo,
ieacuaathueo naiei eeeaioai ?aciiai ?iaea eioi?iaoeeiiiua oneoae.
Iniiaiie oeaeueth ?acaa?ouaaiey nenoaiu “?aia?o” yaeyaony ia?aoiae io
nouanoaothuae nenoaiu aaoiiaoece?iaaiiie ia?aaioee aaieianeie
eioi?iaoeee e iieiinoueth aaoiiaoe/aneie nenoaia, aieaa iaaeaaeiie e
iia?aoeaiie.
Nenoaia “?aia?o” iicaieyao ?aoeoue i?iaeaio iaaeaaieianeeo ?an/aoia a
?aaeeia ?aaeueiiai a?aiaie: aaoiiaoe/aneia oi?ie?iaaiea e ia?aaea/o
aaeci e i?eeiaeaiee e iei a ae?oaea ?aaeiiu, aaoiiaoe/aneia
iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea ieaoaaeae iaaeaeo aaieaie (ioaaoiua aaeci), eiio?ieue
ca i?ioiaeaeaieai ieaoaaeae. Iiieii iaaeaaieianeeo ?an/aoia iia ?aoaao e
?yae ae?oaeo caaea/ a iaeanoe yeiiiie/aneie ?aaiou aaiea: ninoaaeaiea
aaeaaeiaaiiai aaieianeiai aaeaina, noaoenoe/aneeo io/aoia, aiaeec
yeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe aaieia.
Eiiia?/aneea aaiee, eniieuecoy naie ?ano?nu aeey ?aoaiey caaea/
iaaeaaieianeiai iaiaia, aeaeatho aeoeaiua iiiuoee nicaeaiey naieo nenoai
nayce. I?aeiouanoai oaeeo nenoai ?an/aoia caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi iie
no?iyony ia i?eioeeia caaeneiinoe io eiiia?/aneeo aaieia, eioi?ua aioiau
ianoe eae th?eaee/aneoth, oae e yeiiiie/aneoth ioaaonoaaiiinoue ia?aae
o/anoieeaie ?an/aoia. N?aaee aaieia, nicaeathueo nianoaaiiua yeaeo?iiiua
nenoaiu iiaoo auoue iacaaiu “Iinaecianaaie”, “Eieiiaaie”,
“Aa?ian-Oeaio?”, “Aa?ioeiain”, “OYIEIAaie”. ?ac?aaioaiu e
yenieoaoe?othony ?yae yeaeo?iiiuo naoae iaaeaaieianeie nayce, eioi?ua
iiaoo iineoaeeoue oaoie/aneie aacie aeey aiaae?aiey nenoaiu yeaeo?iiiuo
ieaoaaeae – ?INIAO, “Eioioae”, “?iniae”, “Aeeoe”, “Enoie-E”, “Ni?eio”.
Naoue ?INIAO ?ac?aaioaia e yenieoaoe?oaony AI “?onneay eiiia?/aneay
eieoeeaoeaa”. Naoue no?ieony ec naaiaioia, eaaeaeue ec eioi?uo aeeth/aao
oeaio?aeueiue ocae, ianeoaeeaathuee iaeiia?aiaiii aei 256 oaeaeaiiuo
cai?inia. Aeinooi a ?aaeeia on-line e oeaio?aeueiiio oceo iiaeao
inouanoaeyoueny ii eiiiooe?oaiui eaiaeai eee auaeaeaiiui oaeaoiiiui
eeieyi, eeai ii eaiaeo naoe iaeaoiie eiiiooaoeee X.25. Nenoaia iicaieyao
?aaioaoue, oaeaea, n ?aaeeieaiaeaie, niooieeiauie eeieyie nayce e
eieaeueiuie naoyie IYAI.
Iiaeoeueiinoue iino?iaiey ianeoaeeaathuae nenoaiu iicaieyao aaiaeeoue a
iaa aeiiieieoaeueiua oaoie/aneea e i?ia?aiiiua aeiee, auiieiythuea
eiie?aoiua ooieoeee. Oaeie iiaeoiae iaania/ee aiciiaeiinoue aaeaioaoeee
nenoaiu i?aeoe/anee e ethaiio i?eeiaeaieth. ?INIAO eiaao i?yiua oethcu n
aieueoeinoaii ioa/anoaaiiuo naoae X.25: “Eioioae”, “?iniae”, “Ni?eio”, a
oaeaea eiaao oceu ia oaeaoiiiie naoe “Ene?a”.
Naoue ?INIAO ?anniao?eaaaony OeA e OAINE (Oaaea?aeueiia aaaionoai
i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiie nayce e eioi?iaoeee i?e I?aceaeaioa ?O) eae iaeei ec
iaeaieaa iiaeoiaeyueo eaiaeeaeaoia ia ?ieue oaeaeiiioieeaoeeiiiie aacu
aaieianeeo naoae, iineieueeo oaoiieiaey naoe iicaieyao nicaeaoue
ei?ii?aoeaioth naoue e, e?iia oiai aa iai?oaeiaaiea a 2-3 ?aca aeaoaaea,
/ai o ae?oaiai i?aoaiaeaioa – naoe “Eioioae”. Oaoiieiaey ?INIAO
iaoiaeeony a niioaaonoaee n iniiaiie oaiaeaioeeae ?acaeoey ca?oaaaeiuo
aaieianeeo naoae – iauaaeeiaiey eieaeueiuo naoae iin?aaenoaii X.25,
i?e/ai anee eiiia?/aneee aaie oaea eiaao naith naoue, oi iiaeao auoue
?anniio?ai aii?in i aa iiaeeeth/aiee e iauae naoe OeA ?O.
Naoue “Eioioae”. Iaeiei ec iaeaieaa iiaeoiaeyueo eaiaeeaeaoia ia ?ieue
oaeaeiiioieeaoeeiiiie aacu aaieianeeo naoae OeA e OAINE ?anniao?eaaaony
naoue “Eioioae”. Naea?aeeaathuei oaeoi?ii e inaiaieth naoe “Eioioae”
yaeyaony aa aeiaieueii aei?iainoiyuaa iai?oaeiaaiea. Iaiai eioi?iaoeeae
a naoe “Eioioae” inouanoaeyaony ii i?eioeeio eiiiooaoeee iaeaoia a
niioaaonoaee n ?aeiiaiaeaoeeyie X.25. Naoue ?ann/eoaia ia iiaeeeth/aiea
100 ouny/ iieueciaaoaeae a iineianeii ?aaeiia e 4,2 ouny/ iieueciaaoaeae
a 24 e?oiiaeoeo ai?iaeao no?aiu.
Iiaeaiaey eoia 3 aeaaa, iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue, /oi a ?innee nouanoaoao
iiiai nianoaaiiuo oaeaeiiioieeaoeeiiiuo naoae, ii iie i?aaeiacia/aiu
aeey iieueciaaiey oieueei aioo?e ?innee e NIA. Ii n auoiaeii ia
iaaeaeoia?iaeiue aaieianeee ?uiie ia?aae ?inneeneeie aaieaie anoaao
i?iaeaia niiauaiey iaaeaeo ?inneeneeie e ca?oaaaeiuie aaieaie. A
neaaeothuae aeaaa aaoi? iiiuoaaony iienaoue e i?iaiaeece?iaaoue i?iaeaiu
?inneeneeo aaieia, ?aaioathueo n iaaeaeoia?iaeiie oaeaeiiioieeaoeeiiiie
naoueth.
AEAAA IV. I?IAEAIA IIAeEETH*AIEss E IAAEAeOIA?IAeIIE
OAEAEIIIOIEEAOeEIIIIE NAOE.
N auoiaeii ?inneeneeo eiiia?/aneeo aaieia ia iaaeaeoia?iaeiue ?uiie
aicieeea i?iaeaia iiaeeeth/aiey e iaaeaeoia?iaeiui aeiaaeueiui naoyi.
I?iaaaeaiea iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ?an/aoia eee i?iaeaia nio?oaeie/anoaa
aaieia ?innee n aaieaie ie?a ?aoaaony iooai aoiaeaeaiey ioa/anoaaiiie
aaieianeie eiaeono?ee a Iauanoai Anaie?iuo Iaaeaaieianeeo Oeiainiauo
Oaeaeiiioieeaoeee – NAEOO (SWIFT).
Oeaeue ?yae ioa/anoaaiiuo aaieia iiaeeeth/aaony e nenoaia SWIFT. A
ia/aea 1993 aiaea /eaiaie SWIFT auee 20 ioa/anoaaiiuo eiiia?/aneeo
aaieia, a oii /enea “Eieiiaaie”, “Aiaoyeiiiiaaie”, “Iinaecianaaie”,
IAIAOAI, “Noiee/iue” e ae?., a e eiioeo aiaea eo /enei aeinoeaei 40.
*eainoai a SWIFT nicaeaao aiciiaeiinoe aeey aieaa oe?ieeo e eioaineaiuo
oeiainiauo e yeiiiie/aneeo aiaoieo eiioaeoia, a oii /enea a /anoe
nicaeaiey ii?iaeueiuo oneiaee aeey ooieoeeiie?iaaiey eiino?aiiuo
eiaanoeoeee ia oa??eoi?ee ?innee e no?ai NIA.
Eae iieacuaaao i?aeoeea, cao?aou aaieia ia o/anoea a nenoaia SWIFT
(aeaaiui ia?acii, ia onoaiiaeo nia?aiaiiiai aei?iainoiyuaai yeaeo?iiiiai
iai?oaeiaaiey) ieoiathony iau/ii a oa/aiea 5 eao. Anooieoaeueiue aciin a
SWIFT – 60 oun. aeiee. Iaeiie ec iniiaiuo i?aaeiinueie anooieaiey a
/eaiu SWIFT yaeyaony iaee/ea a no?aia i?aauaaiey aaiea oaoie/aneeo e
th?eaee/aneeo oneiaee iiaeeeth/aiey e eiiiuethoa?iui eiiioieeaoeeyi e
aiciiaeiinoae aeey aeoaee?iaaiey eeiee nayce.
O?aaeeoeeiiii iiaeeeth/aiea aaieia eaeie-eeai no?aiu eee ?aaeiia e
nenoaia SWIFT i?iecaiaeeony /a?ac niaoeeaeueii nicaeaaaaiua
?aaeiiaeueiua oeaio?u, ia aaca iaeiie ec oaeaeiiioieeaoeeiiiuo eiiiaiee,
ia eioi?oth a ?acoeueoaoa no?iaiai eiieo?niiai ioai?a aiceaaaaony
ooieoeey ?aaeiiaeueiie aaeieieno?aoeee.
A ?innee e NIA yoe ooieoeee aiceiaeaiu ia iaeio ec e?oiiaeoeo eiiiaiee a
iaeanoe oaeaeiiioieeaoeee “Niaai Oaeaii?o”. NAEOO inoaiiaee naie auai?
ia iae, o/eouaay iniauaiiinoue aunieioaoiieiae/iui iai?oaeiaaieai
aaaeoueo caiaaeiuo oe?i Alcatel e Motorola, eaaeeoeeaoeeth
niaoeeaeenoia e iiuo ?aaiou a aeaiiie iaeanoe. Iiyoiio aeinooi e SWIFT
?inneeneeo aaieia inouanoaeyaony /a?ac naoue SovAm Teleport,
iiaeaea?aeeaathuae i?ioieieu X.25/X.75.
Eiiiaiee ioaaaeaii ianoi naycothuaai caaia iaaeaeo aaieaie a ?innee e
oeaio?ii ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee a Aieeaiaeee. A aa ooieoeee aoiaeeo
caeoiea iaiaoiaeeiiai iai?oaeiaaiey (IYAI, iiaeaiia, oeo?iaaeueiie
oaoieee e o.ae.). Any oaoieea aeieaeia iaycaoaeueii eiaoue eeoeaiceth
NAEOOa. Nae/an oaeoth eeoeaiceth eiatho 40 e?oiiuo i?iecaiaeeoaeae
i?ia?aiiiiai iaania/aiey.
A?oeoaeoo?a SWIFT /aou?aoo?iaiaaay. Ia ieaeiai o?iaia iaoiaeyony eeeaiou
e eiiia?/aneea aaiee. Aoi?ie o?iaaiue ia?acotho ?aaeiiaeueiua
i?ioeanni?u (oeaio?u), eioi?ua iiaoo eiaoue eioa?oaeniua nenoaiu (EN)
eee ia?aaeaaaoue naie iieiiii/ey eae eioa?oaeniuo nenoai ia o?aoee
o?iaaiue.
E iaeiiio ?aaeiiaeueiiio oeaio?o iiaeao auoue iiaeeeth/aii
i?iecaieueiia /enei ?acee/iuo aaieia. Ia o?aoueai o?iaia ?aniieaaathony
iaae?aaeiiaeueiua oeaio?u n onoaiiaeaiiuie o ieo eioa?oaeniuie nenoaiaie
(EN). Iaae?aaeiiaeueiua oeaio?u inouanoaeytho ia?aaea/o o?aicaeoeee
naieo eeeaioia a SWIFT. Iaae?aaeiiaeueiua oeaio?u aeieaeiu auoue
naycaiu oeaio?aeueiie ?aca?aiie nenoaiie OeA ?innee.
CAEETH*AIEA.
Aiaeece?oy aeaiioth ?aaioo. iaiaoiaeeii naeaeaoue neaaeothuea auaiaeu,
yaeythueany eoiaii ia?aaioaiiiai iaoa?eaea a yoie eo?niaie ?aaioa.
Nenoaia Iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo aaieianeeo ?an/aoia SWIFT auea nicaeaia aeey
oniaa?oainoaiaaiey iaaeaaieianeeo ?an/aoia. Aeaaiay oeaeue nicaeaiey
SWIFT – aiciiaeiinoue ?aaiou anao aa o/anoieeia a e?oaeinooi/iie
aunieinei?inoiie naoe ia?aaea/e aaieianeie eioi?iaoeee.
Iiiaio?iaiaaay eiiaeiaoeey oece/aneeo, oaoie/aneeo e i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo
iaoiaeia caueou aeaiiuo iaania/eaaao eo iieioth nio?aiiinoue e
nae?aoiinoue iaeiia?aiaiii, /oi yaeyaony ia iaei aaaeiui oaeoi?ii a
nenoaia iaaeaaieianeeo ?an/aoia.
Nenoaia Iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo aaieianeeo ?an/aoia SWIFT oaeiaia e i?inoa a
eniieueciaaiee. Yoi iicaieyao aieueoaio /eneo ?inneeneeo aaieia
auoiaeeoue ia iaaeaeoia?iaeiue aaieianeee o?iaaiue a ?aieao aeaiiie
nenoaiu.
SWIFT iaania/eaaao:
iauee ycue e i?aaiecaoeeth ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee;
iaaeaaeiinoue e caueoo eioi?iaoeee;
auno?oth ia?aaea/o niiauaiee;
nie?auaiea iioa?ue e ioeaie;
aieaa yooaeoeaiia oi?aaeaiea oiiaeaie;
i?yiie eiioaeo n eeeaioaie e ei??aniiiaeaioaie, ?aniieiaeaiiuie aeaeaei
io aaiea;
nie?auaiea iia?aoeeiiiuo ?anoiaeia.
N ?anoe?aieai iaaeaeoia?iaeiie aaieianeie aeayoaeueiinoe ?inneeneeo
aaieia aicieeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue aoiaeaeaiey eo a Iauanoai Anaie?iuo
Iaaeaaieianeeo Oeiainiauo Oaeaeiiioieeaoeee.
E eiioeo 1993 aiaea /eaiaie SWIFT auee ieiei 40 ?inneeneeo eiiia?/aneeo
aaieia.
Nenoaia SWIFT – ioeaaeaiiay, aeieaieaoiyy i?aeoeea iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo
?an/aoia iiyoiio anooieaiea ?innee a Iauanoai Anaie?iuo Iaaeaaieianeeo
Oeiainiauo Oaeaeiiioieeaoeee iiiiaeao iaeaaeeoue ooieoeeiie?iaaiea
iaaeaaieianeeo ?an/aoia a ?innee.
Inoaaony iaaeaaony, /oi eoeueoo?a ?aaiou ?inneeneeo aaieia aoaeao
iiaeieiaony ia iaaeaeoia?iaeiii o?iaia e ai iiiaii aeaaiaea?y aieaa
oe?ieiio ?ani?ino?aiaieth SWIFT a ?innee.
NIENIE ENIIEUeCIAAIIIE EEOA?AOO?U.
1. “Iaaeaeoia?iaeiua aaethoii-e?aaeeoiua e oeiainiaua ioiioaiey”
E?anaaeia E.I., I., Oeiainu e noaoenoeea, 1994a.
2. “Iaaeaeoia?iaeiua ?an/aou” I?aeoe/aneia iiniaea, Aa?aceia I.I.,
E?oiiia TH.N., I. Oeinoaoeioi?i, 1994.
3. “Aiaoyeiiiiaaie”. Aioo?aiyy neoaeaaiay aaaeiiinoue.
4. Eaeoeee ii i?aaeiaoo “Eioi?iaoeeiiiua nenoaiu a oi?aaeaiee”.
Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeaaeaiee Oi?aaeaeey, *a?eania TH.I.
PAGE
PAGE 34
Oe?ia –
iin?aaeiee
Eiii?oa?
(iapaaiaeiaea- oaeue)
Yeniipoap
(iapaaiaeiiieo
/aoaeue)
Aaie
eiii?oa?a
Aaie
yeniipoapa
Aaie
iin?aaeiee
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