I?iineay A.A. 1995 – I?aaiaay i?aaiecaoeey io?aneaauo oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai
IAEAAEAIEA
Aaaaeaiea 3
Aeaaa 1. I?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneea i th?eaee/aneea iniiau
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey io?aneaauo oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai ONN?
Oicyenoaaiiay io?aneue – i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneay aaca
io?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu 6
TH?eaee/aneea iniiau ooieoeeiie?iaaiey io?aneaauo oicyenoaaiiuo
nenoai 20
Aeaaa 2. I?aaiaia iieiaeaiea caaiueaa io?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie
nenoaiu ONN?
Eiiiaoaioeey oeaio?ia io?aneaauo oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai ONN? 41
I?aaiaay i?aaiecaoeey ?anioaeeeaineeo oicyenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee 51
I?aaiaia iieiaeaiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai i?aaei?eyoey 63
Aeaaa 3. I?aaiaia ?aaoee?iaaiea aeayoaeueiinoe io?aneaauo oicyenoaaiiuo
nenoai ONN?
I?aaiaie ?aaeei eiouanoaa io?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu ONN? 75
I?aaiaua i?iaeaiu oic?an/aoa io?aneaauo oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai 87
I?iaeaiu i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey oicyenoaaiiuo naycae a io?aneaaie
oicyenoaaiiie nenoaia 100
I?eia/aiey 118
AAAAeAIEA
A iineaaeiea aiaeu niaa?oainoaiaaiea nenoaiu oi?aaea-
iey nioeeaeenoe/aneie yeiiiieeie, oeo/oaiea noeey e ia-
oiaeia nioeeaeenoe/aneiai oicyenoaiaaiey noaei iaeiie ec
aaaeiaeoeo caaea/ Eiiioienoe/aneie ia?oee e Niaaoneiai
ainoaea?noaa, iaeiei ec iniiaiuo yeaiaioia iauaai i?ioean-
na ?acaeoey iaoaai iauanoaaiiiai no?iy. Oieueei i?e ia-
ee/ee ?aoeeiiaeueiiai, aeaeiai, aacioeacii aeaenoaothuaai
iaoaiecia oi?aaeaiey, niioaaonoaothuaai yeiiiieea ?ac-
aeoiai nioeeaeecia e oa?aeoa?o noiyueo caaea/, iiaoo auoue
a iieiie ia?a eniieueciaaiu i?aeiouanoaa, caeiaeaiiua a
nioeeaeenoe/aneii niiniaa i?iecaiaenoaa, ?aoaia no?aoaae-
/aneay aaaeiay i?iaeaia – aeinoeaeaiea iaeneiaeueiie
yooaeoeaiinoe ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa (*1). (*2).
Aunieee aeeiaieci nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie aeecie
no?aiu, iaoeeiiiue ?ino ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiiai iioai-
oeeaea o?aaotho iinoiyiiie ?aaiou ii niaa?oainoaiaaieth
oi?aaeaiey yeiiiieeie n i?i/iie iii?ie ia no?iaee aia-
eec, o?acaoth ioeaieo iieiaeaiey aeae e /aoeie i?eaioaoeeae
ia iioeiaeueiia ?aoaiea iac?aaoeo i?iaeai, i?aaie/aneia
ni/aoaiea eioa?ania ainoaea?noaa e o?oaeiauo eieeaeoeaia.
Iaeii ec ia?ainoaiaiiuo iai?aaeaiee yoie iaoe?iie e
iiiaiieaiiaie ?aaiou – oeo/oaiea i?aaiecaoeeiiiie
no?oeoo?u oi?aaeaiey, aeeth/ay /aoeia ii?aaeaeaiea ooie-
oeee, i?aa e ioaaonoaaiiinoe i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey e i?aae-
i?eyoee. Iii o?aaoao niaoeeaeueiuo iao/iuo ecuneaiee, a
oii /enea e i?aaiauo, eioi?ua ioaeaeathony a iiaii iiae-
oiaea e yoie i?iaeaiaoeea. Eae iieacuaaao iiuo, o?aaee-
oeeiiiua i?eaiu ?acuaaeeiaiiiai enneaaeiaaiey oeacaiiuo
aii?inia i?eiaieoaeueii e aeayoaeueiinoe oieueei oi?aaeai-
/aneeo i?aaiia eeai oieueei i?aaei?eyoee ia aeatho aeaeaa-
iuo ?acoeueoaoia. E, aeaeeii, yoi caeiiiia?ii, iineieueeo a
-3-
?aaeueiie aeecie i?aai oi?aaeaiey e iiae/eiaiiua aio
i?aaei?eyoey ?aaioatho a i?i/iie nayce, oaniii aaeeinoaa
eo aeayoaeueiinoue ninoaaeyao ia?ac?uaiia oeaeia – i?ioeann
oicyenoaiaaiey ia ii?aaeaeaiiii o/anoea nioeeaeenoe/a-
neie yeiiiieee.
Oeacaiiua iiiaiou iineoaeeee iniiaie aeey oi?ie?i-
aaiey iiaie i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneie eaoaai?ee –
oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu. Eae ?aaeueiia yaeaiea oicyenoaai-
iay nenoaia – yoi i?aaiecaoeeiiii iainiaeaiiia neiaeiia
iiae?acaeaeaiea nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey yeiiiieeie, aeeth/ath-
uaa i?aaei?eyoey (i?aaiecaoeee), aeaenoaothuea iiae ?oei-
aiaenoaii iaeiiai e oiai aea auoanoiyuaai i?aaia, a oaeaea
i?aai ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey (**), yaeythueeny a ioii-
oaiee eo auoanoiyuei.
Eae iao/iia iiiyoea oicyenoaaiiay nenoaia au?aaeaao
iiiaia?aiiia aaeeinoai oeacaiiiai ia?aciaaiey, e i?aaeaea
anaai i?aaia oicyenoaaiiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa (noauaeoa oi?aa-
eaiey) e iiae/eiaiiuo aio i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee
(iauaeoa oi?aaeaiey). Yoi aaeeinoai ia en/a?iuaaaony
i?aaiecaoeeiiiie niiiae/eiaiiinoueth no?oeoo?iuo yeaiaioia
nenoaiu, a aeeth/aao oaeaea aaeeinoai oeaee, ooieoeee, iea-
iiaie iniiau, eiouanoaaiiie aacu, oic?an/aoiuo ia/ae
aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe caaiueaa nenoaiu. Ana yoi iaoiaeeo th?e-
aee/aneia au?aaeaiea a aaeeinoaa i?aaiaiai ?aaeeia oicye-
noaaiiie nenoaiu, o?aaoee?iaaiiiai i?aaii ii?yaeea aa-
aeayoaeueiinoe, ai acaeiinayce e acaeiicaaeneiinoe i?aa
e iaycaiiinoae (eiiiaoaioeee) iaeiinenoaiiuo oicyenoaai-
iuo i?aaiia.
Noauaeoii-iauaeoiue iiaeoiae e ?aaeueii nouanoaothuei
neiaeiui ia?aciaaieyi a nenoaia oi?aaeaiey nioeeaeenoe-
/aneie yeiiiieeie iicaieyao aeoaaea eco/eoue aa?oeeaeue-
iua e ai?eciioaeueiua ioiioaiey oicyenoaaiiuo i?aaiia.
iaia?oaeeoue iiaua caeiiiia?iinoe eo acaeiiaeaenoaey a
?aieao oeacaiiuo ia?aciaaiee e a yoie nayce auyaeoue ?a-
ca?au niaa?oainoaiaaiey ainoaea?noaaiiiai oicyenoaiaa-
iey ia aeaiiii o/anoea yeiiiieee, i?aaeeiaeeoue eiie?aoiua
ia?u ii oeo/oaieth i?aaiaie i?aaiecaoeee oaeeo oicyeno-
aaiiuo ia?aciaaiee. I?aaiaay i?aaiecaoeey caeanue iiie-
iaaony eae niaieoiiinoue i?aaiauo oi?i, iiin?aaenoaothueo
no?oeoo?o e aeayoaeueiinoue oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu, aa noaoe-
eo e aeeiaieeo.
I?aaeiaoii aeaiiiai enneaaeiaaiey neoaeeo i?aaiaay i?-
aaiecaoeey io?aneaauo oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai Oe?aeineie
(***) Caeanue e aeaeaa oa?ieiu e
cothony eae neiiieiu.
-4-
NN?, o. a. oaeeo oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai, eioi?ua oi?ie-
?othony ia aaca io?anee oicyenoaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey ONN?
eae ninoaaiie /anoe io?anee oicyenoaa Nithca NN?. Aoaeo-
/e iaeaieaa e?oiiuie iiae?acaeaeaieyie a i?aaiecaoeeii-
iie no?oeoo?a ainoaea?noaaiiiai oicyenoaiaaiey nithciie
?anioaeeee, iie auiieiytho aaaeioth ?ieue a nia?aiaiiii
oicyenoaaiiii iaoaiecia. *a?ac ieo iaania/eaaaony aeeth-
/aiea nioai e ouny/ i?aaei?eyoee ?anioaeeeaineiai e iano-
iiai iiae/eiaiey a aaeeiue ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiue eiiieaen
no?aiu
(no. 16 Eiinoeoooeee NNN?).
I?iaiaeeiia caeanue iainiaeaiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai oicye-
noaiaaiey ia e?oiiaeoai o/anoea yeiiiieee iicaieyao, n
iaeiie noi?iiu, oaycaoue ooieoeeiie?iaaiea io?anee n ca-
aea/aie ?acaeoey anaai ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiiai eiiieaena,
a n ae?oaie – i?aaieciaaoue ?aaioo eaaeaeiai i?aaei?eyoey
iaeaieaa ?aoeeiiaeueiui ia?acii, iiae/eiyy aa iio?aa-
iinoyi ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa n o/aoii eiie?aoiuo oneiaee
aeayoaeueiinoe aeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai eieeaeoeaa.
Aeayoaeueiinoue io?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu ONN?,
eae e ethaiai oicyenoaaiiiai ia?aciaaiey, inouanoaeyao-
ny a i?aaiauo oi?iao. I?aaiaia ?aaoee?iaaiea aeieaeii
iaania/eoue iieioth ?aaeecaoeeth iiceoeaiuo aiciiaeiinoae
yoie i?aaiecaoeeiiiie oi?iu. Ii iiea /oi iii ia ioaa/aao
aeaiiiio o?aaiaaieth. Caaea/a ianoiyuaai enneaaeiaaiey ni-
noieo a oii, /oiau ia iniiaa aiaeeca niioaaonoaothueo
aioo?enenoaiiuo ioiioaiee, caeiiiia?iinoae e oaiaeai-
oeee eo ?acaeoey, a oaeaea ninoiyiey e ?aaeueiuo iioaioeee
i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey a oeacaiiie noa?a i?aaeeiaeeoue
aiciiaeiua iooe e n?aaenoaa niaa?oainoaiaaiey i?aaiaie
i?aaiecaoeee io?aneaauo oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai Oe?aei-
neie NN?.
A aeaiiie ?aaioa iu ia?aie/einy ?anniio?aieai eeoue
oao aii?inia, eioi?ua a nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo yaeythony
iaeaieaa aaaeiuie eee iaeiaiaa eco/aiiuie. Neiaeiinoue
e iiaecia oaiu neoaeeo aaoi?o ii?aaaeaieai a oii, /oi ia-
?aaeei auneacuaaaiua a eieaa iieiaeaiey ia aannii?iu, a.
i?aaeeaaaaiua ?aoaiey ia ieii/aoaeueiu.
-5-
AEAAA I
I?AAIECAOeEIIII-YEIIIIE*ANEEA
E TH?EAeE*ANEEA INIIAU OOIEOeEIIE?IAAIEss
IO?ANEAAUO OICssENOAAIIUO NENOAI ONN?
Oicyenoaaiiay io?aneue –
i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneay aaca
io?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu
Aaeeiue ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiue eiiieaen NNN? eiaao
neiaeioth i?aaiecaoeeiiioth no?oeoo?o, iniiaiui iiae?acaea-
eaieai eioi?ie yaeyaony io?aneue ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa.
Iineaaeiyy neeaaeuaaaony iauaeoeaii iiae aicaeaenoaeai
iiiaeo oaeoi?ia, n?aaee eioi?uo aaaeioth ?ieue ea?atho ia-
uanoaaiiay iio?aaiinoue a ii?aaeaeaiiii i?iaeoeoa e iao/-
ii-oaoie/aneee i?ia?ann, ii?aaeaeythuee niinia i?iecaiae-
noaa i?iaeoeoa e aeeeoothuee oa eee eiua oi?iu iauano-
aaiiie i?aaiecaoeee yoiai i?iecaiaenoaa (*1).
Iaeii?iaeiinoue iaoo?aeueii-aauanoaaiiie oi?iu i?iaeoe-
oa, i?iecaiaeeiiai ?yaeii i?aaei?eyoee, i?aaeii?aaeaeyao
aiaeiae/iinoue eniieuecoaiiai eie nu?uey, i?eiaiyaiie
oaoieee e oaoiieiaee, i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ninoaaa eaae?ia
e eiuo yeaiaioia i?iecaiaenoaa. Ia iniiaa e a i?aaeaeao
yoie iaeii?iaeiinoe oi?ie?othony iauanoaaiii iaiaoiaee-
iua cao?aou ia i?iecaiaenoai i?iaeoeoa, eaaeauea a iniiaa
ia?aciaaiey noieiinoe, a a eiia/iii n/aoa e oeaiu, neea-
aeuaaaony oio eee eiie o?iaaiue i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea.
onoaiaaeeaathony ii?aaeaeaiiua i?iii?oeee iaaeaeo iio?aa-
eaieai e iaeiieaieai e o. i.
Iauiinoue oeacaiiuo oneiaee aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe, eae
i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oaoie/aneeo, oae e nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/a-
neeo. naycuaaao i?iecaiaeyuea iaeii?iaeioth i?iaeoeoeeth (iae-
iii?ioeeueiua) i?aaei?eyoey a aaeeiia oeaeia – io?aneue ia-
?iaeiiai oicyenoaa, eiathuoth iauea ia?niaeoeau e caei-
iiia?iinoe ?acaeoey. Niioaaonoaaiii ?acee/ea oiiiyio-
ouo oaeoi?ia o ?aciii?ioeeueiuo i?aaei?eyoee yaeyaony
iniiaie ?aca?aie/aiey io?aneae.
Iauaeoeaii nouanoaothuay io?aneaaay i?aaiecaoeey
i?iecaiaenoaa o?aaoao iaeneiaeueii iieiiai o/aoa io?anea-
auo oaeoi?ia no?oeoo?e?iaaiey e ?acaeoey yeiiiieee a
oi?aaeaiee ath. (*2).
-6-
Io?aneaaiio ia/aeo i?eiaaeeaaeeo ia?aainoaothuay
?ieue a iaoaiecia ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey yeiiiie-
eie, iineieueeo ia io?aneaaie iniiaa iiaoo auoue ?aoaiu
aaaeiaeoea caaea/e nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey:
iiauoaiea oaoie/aneiai o?iaiy i?iecaiaenoaa, niaa?oai-
noaiaaiea aai iauanoaaiiie i?aaiecaoeee, oaeiaeaoai?aiea
iauanoaaiiie iio?aaiinoe a i?iaeoeoa oiai eee eiiai ?i-
aea. Eiaiii io?aneaaay i?aaiecaoeey nicaeaao iaiaoiaeeiua
i?aaeiinueee aeey oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey yeiiiie-
eie, i?iaaaeaiey aaeeiie oaoie/aneie e oicyenoaaiiie ii-
eeoeee, iaania/aiey i?iii?oeeiiaeueiinoe ?acaeoey ia?iae-
iiai oicyenoaa.
Oeacaiiua iiiaiou eaaeao a iniiaa io?aneaaiai i?ei-
oeeia oi?aaeaiey ia?iaeiui oicyenoaii, a niioaaonoaee n
eioi?ui iauaeoeaii nouanoaothuay io?aneue i?iecaiaenoaa,
eae i?aaeei, eiaao naith, niaoeeaeece?iaaiioth nenoaio oi-
?aaeaiey. Iin?aaenoaii nicaeaiey oaeie nenoaiu i?ienoi-
aeeo i?aaiecaoeeiiiia ioi?ieaiea io?anee eae ioiineoaeue-
ii naiinoiyoaeueiie eiie?aoii-ii?aaeaeaiiie /anoe aaeeiie
nioeeaeenoe/aneie yeiiiieee – io?anee oicyenoaaiiiai
oi?aaeaiey. Aicaeaaeyaony iia oeaio?aeueiui i?aaiii ai-
noaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey – ieienoa?noaii (aaaeiinoaii,
ainoaea?noaaiiui eiieoaoii), eioi?ia aianoa n iiae/eiai-
iuie i?aaei?eyoeyie, i?aaiecaoeeyie e o/?aaeaeaieyie ni-
noaaeyao aaeeioth nenoaio (i. 7 Iauaai iieiaeaiey i ieie-
noa?noaao NNN?, ooaa?aeaeaiiiai Niaaoii Ieieno?ia NNN?
10 ethey 1967 a. (**))(*3).
Oi?ie?iaaiea io?anee oi?aaeaiey i?ienoiaeeo ia naii
ii naaa, a ai acaeiinayce n ae?oaeie nioeeaeueiuie i?ioean-
naie e yaeaieyie. A ?acoeueoaoa i?aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo-
?a io?aneaaiai oi?aaeaiey caiaoii ioeeiiyaony io io?an-
eaaie no?oeoo?u i?iecaiaenoaa e, niioaaonoaaiii, io?aneue
oicyenoaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey io ninoaaeythuae aa iniiao io-
?anee ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa. A caaeneiinoe io oiai eee
eiiai ni/aoaiey ii?aaeaeythueo oaeoi?ia yoe ioeeiiaiey
eiatho ?acee/iua aa?eaiou.
A iaeieo neo/ayo io?aneue oi?aaeaiey oi?ie?oaony ia
aaca ianeieueeeo ?iaenoaaiiuo, eae i?aaeei, oaoiieiae/anee
ia naycaiiuo iaaeaeo niaie io?aneae i?iecaiaenoaa. Iai?e-
ia?, nenoaia Ieienoa?noaa aeeeeuii-eiiioiaeueiiai oi-
cyenoaa ONN? ioaaouaaao 22 niaoeeaeece?iaaiiua io?anee
(aeeeeuiia oicyenoai, aiaeieaiaeecaoeeiiiia oicyenoai, ai-
?iaeneie yeaeo?io?ainii?o, aaciaia oicyenoai e i?.); nenoa-
ia Ieienoa?noaa eaaeie i?iiuoeaiiinoe – 11 niaoeeaee-
(***) Aeaeaa: Iieiaeaiea i ieienoa?noaao NNN?.
-7-
ce?iaaiiuo io?aneae (oaenoeeueiay, o?eeioaaeiay, oaaeiay,
eiaeaaaiiay iaoaiay, aaeyeueii-aieei/iay e o. i.); nenoaia
Ieienoa?noaa ieuaaie i?iiuoeaiiinoe ONN? – 17 io-
?aneae (naoa?iay, eiina?aiay, nie?oiaay, oeaaiiaea?iay
iaea?iiiay, eiiaeeoa?neay, nieyiay e o. ae.).
A ae?oaeo neo/ayo iaeia io?aneue i?iecaiaenoaa ?ann?aaei-
oi/aia iaaeaeo ianeieueeeie io?aneyie oi?aaeaiey niioaao-
noaothuaai i?ioeey. Oae, a ONN? eaieoaeueiia no?ieoaeue-
noai i?aaenoaaeytho ainaiue oaeeo io?aneae, naeueneia oicye-
noai – iyoue. Auoiaua oneoae ianaeaieth ieacuaatho i?aae-
i?eyoey nenoai Ieienoa?noaa auoiaiai ianeoaeeaaiey
ONN?, Ieienoa?noaa aeeeeuii-eiiioiaeueiiai oicyenoaa
ONN? e aua aieaa /ai 15 ieienoa?noa e aaaeiinoa.
Io?aneue oicyenoaaiiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa, ia?yaeo n i?aae-
i?eyoeyie iniiaiiai i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeey, aeeth-
/aao a naay i?aaei?eyoey ae?oaeo io?aneae, /uey aeayoaeue-
iinoue oanii naycaia n i?iecaiaenoaii i?ioeee?othuae
i?iaeoeoeee, iaania/eaay i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiia
ianeoaeeaaiea iineaaeiaai. Ai anao io?aneyo oi?aaeaiey
eiathony i?iiuoeaiiua i?aaei?eyoey, iai?eia?, ii ?aiii-
oo iai?oaeiaaiey, ecaioiaeaieth caianiuo /anoae e iaio;
naeueneioicyenoaaiiua i?aaiecaoeee a aeaea iiaeniaiuo oi-
cyenoa; no?ieoaeueiua i?aaiecaoeee e i?aaei?eyoey ii i?i-
ecaiaenoao no?ieoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia. Ai iiiaeo anoue naie
o?ainii?oiua i?aaiecaoeee, i?aaei?eyoey nayce. A nenoaiao
i?iiuoeaiiuo ieienoa?noa, iniaaiii io?aneae a?oiiu
A,-oi?aiaua i?aaei?eyoey e o. i.
A ?acoeueoaoa ana io?anee oi?aaeaiey aeeth/atho a naie
ninoaa i?aaei?eyoey eiiai i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeey. Iae-
iaei yoi ia oieueei ii?aaaeaii, ii e a ecaanoiie ia?a iaec-
aaaeii, aeeeooaony nia?aiaiiuie oneiaeyie i?iecaiaenoaa,
eiaaea a neeo aeoaieie niaoeeaeecaoeee, ananoi?iiiae eiiia-
?aoeee e ?acaeoiai eiiaeie?iaaiey i?iecaiaenoai ethaiai
i?iaeoeoa e aeiaaaeaiea aai aei iio?aaeoaey o?aaoao o/anoey
i?aaei?eyoee ?aciiai i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeey, eiaaea
?acaeoea ethaie io?anee oicyenoaa iaania/eaaaony oneeey-
ie iiiaeo io?aneae.
Caaeneiinoue ooieoeeiie?iaaiey e ?acaeoey io?anee
i?iecaiaenoaa ia oieueei io aioo?eio?aneaauo, ii e iaaeio-
?aneaauo i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiuo naycae iaoneia-
eeaaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue eieaeecaoeee e oao e ae?oaeo, oioy e
a ?aciie ia?a, a ?aieao niioaaonoaothuae io?anee oi?aa-
eaiey eae aaeeiiai caaia yeiiiieee, i?ecaaiiiai iaania-
/eaaoue ia nia?aiaiiii oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneii o?iaia
oaeiaeaoai?aiea iauanoaaiiie iio?aaiinoe a i?iaeoeoa
ii?aaeaeaiiiai ?iaea. A i?aaiecaoeeiiii-no?oeoo?iii ioii-
-8-
oaiee yoi i?aaeiieaaaao aeeth/aiea i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaie-
caoeee eiie io?aneaaie i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe, iaania/eaathueo
iaeaieaa cia/eiua oneiaey aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe aeaiiie io-
?anee, a niioaaonoaothuoth iineaaeiae io?aneue oicyenoaai-
iiai oi?aaeaiey.
Aicieeaao ia?aaeienaeueiay neooaoeey. Io?aneaaay aei-
ieiaioa a ecaanoiie ia?a ineaaeyao io?aneaaia ia/aei,
?anoai?yao a eaeie-oi /anoe (?aaeei – a iieiie ia?a(*4))
io?anee oicyenoaa a iai?ioeeueiuo io?aneyo oi?aaeaiey.
Oaeia ?ann?aaeioi/aiea io?aneae i?iecaiaenoaa iaaeaeo
?acee/iuie io?aneyie oi?aaeaiey ?anoeaieaaaony ?yaeii
enneaaeiaaoaeae eae e?aeia io?eoeaoaeueiia yaeaiea, naeaea-
oaeuenoaothuaa i ianiaa?oainoaa iuiaoiae i?aaiecaoeeii-
iie no?oeoo?u oi?aaeaiey yeiiiieeie (*5). Iaeioi?ua ec iio
aeaeyo caeanue /ooue ee ia naeaeaoaeuenoai iauae ianinoiyoaeue-
iinoe io?aneaaiai i?eioeeia oi?aaeaiey ia?iaeiui oicye-
noaii (*6).
Noieue eaoaai?e/iay e?eoeea aaeaa ee ii?aaaeaia e a /an-
oe cao?iiooiai oaeoa, e oai aieaa a ioiioaiee oeacaiiiai
i?eioeeia. Ia iao acaeyae, iaeuecy noaaeoue ciae ?aaainoaa
iaaeaeo io?aneaaui i?eioeeiii ?oeiaiaenoaa yeiiiieeie e
aai i?aeoe/aneie ?aaeecaoeeae. Au?aaioaiiue i?aeoeeie
nioeeaeenoe/aneiai no?ieoaeuenoaa e iie?athueeny ia i?e-
nouea ae caeiiiia?iinoe oeacaiiue i?eioeei ia en/a?iae
naay. Aaconeiaii, o iaai anoue neaaua noi?iiu: aiciiaeiinoue
i?aiaeaaeaiey aaaeiinoaaiiiai eioa?ana iaae iauaainoaea?-
noaaiiui, ineaaeaiea aieiaiey e ?acaeoeth iaaeio?anea-
auo naycae, eiaeeooa?aioiinoue e ianoiui oneiaeyi oicye-
noaiaaiey, iianiinoue eceeoiae oeaio?aeecaoeee e ath?ie?a-
oe/aneiai oi?iaeecia e o. i. Ii eaeaaeueiuo n?aaenoa oi-
?aaeaiey ia nouanoaoao.
A oneiaeyo oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai ieaiiaiai ?oeiaiaenoaa,
ninoaaeythuaai iaeii ec ooiaeaiaioaeueiuo ia/ae e ei?ai-
iuo i?aeiouanoa nioeeaeenoe/aneie nenoaiu oicyenoaa
(no. 16 Eiinoeoooeee NNN?), io?aneaaie i?eioeei ia eiaao
?aaiioeaiiie aeueoa?iaoeau. Iaoaeaaoeeny iiuo ?oeiaiae-
noaa i?iiuoeaiiinoueth ii oa??eoi?eaeueiiio i?eioeeio /a-
?ac nenoaio niaia?oicia – aeinoaoi/ii iaaeyaeiia oiio
iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea (*7).
Iioeiaeueiay ?aaeecaoeey io?aneaaiai i?eioeeia ?oei-
aiaenoaa ia?iaeiui oicyenoaii – neiaeiay caaea/a. Aa neiae-
iinoue a cia/eoaeueiie ia?a iauyniyaony neiaeiinoueth nia?a-
iaiiie yeiiiieee, iiaeeueiinoueth i?ienoiaeyueo a iae i?i-
oeannia, neiaeiinoueth oi?aaeaiey ath. Oi?aaeaiea – yoi aeay-
oaeueiinoue iiiaiaa?eaioiay, aeaoa?ieie?iaaiiay a naieo
?acoeueoaoao iiiaeanoaii aeeiaie/iuo, iaiaeiicia/iuo
-9-
acaeiicaaeneiuo oaeoi?ia. Iouneaiea iioeiaeueiuo oi-
?aaeai/aneeo no?oeoo? aeinoeaaaony, a iniiaiii, eniuoa-
ieai ia iiuoa ?acee/iuo aa?eaioia. Eaaeaeiio yoaio ia-
uanoaaiiiai ?acaeoey no?aiu aeieaeiu niioaaonoaiaaoue
eiie?aoiua oi?iu oi?aaeaiey. Yoi iauaeoeaiay caeiii-
ia?iinoue, eioi?oth iaeuecy ie eciaieoue, ie ioiaieoue(*8).
Iuiaoiyy i?aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a io?aneaaiai oi-
?aaeaiey aeaeaea io niaa?oainoaa. Aa iaaeinoaoee iaiaeii-
e?aoii ioia/aeenue a ia?oeeiuo aeieoiaioao, i?aaiauo ae-
oao, a iao/iuo ioaeeeaoeeyo e ianniaie i?anna.
I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi a cia/eoaeueiie ia?a iie aucaaiu
aeaoiy acaeiinaycaiiuie i?aaiecaoeeiiiuie i?in/aoaie:
oceei ianooaaii eiioeaio?aoeee io?aneaaiai oi?aaeaiey,
/?acia?iie ae?iaiinoueth aai no?oeoo?u, eceeoiae iiiaeano-
aaiiinoueth aa iniiaiuo iiae?acaeaeaiee – io?aneae oicye-
noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey; iaiioeiaeueiui ai iiiaeo neo/ayo
?ani?aaeaeaieai i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee ii io?aneyi
oi?aaeaiey, ca/anooth iaii?aaaeaiiie ?ann?aaeioi/aiiinoueth
iaeii?iaeiuo e acaeiinaycaiiuo i?iecaiaenoa iaaeaeo aaaeii-
noaaiiuie nenoaiaie. Ana yoi oiaeyao aiciiaeiinoe ?ac-
aeoey eiioeaio?aoeee, niaoeeaeecaoeee, eiiia?e?iaaiey e
eiiaeie?iaaiey i?iecaiaenoaa; oneiaeiyao acaeiiaeaenoaea
niaaeiuo i?iecaiaenoa, cao?oaeiyao iauaaeeiaiea oneeee io-
?aneae ii ?aoaieth iaueo iaaeio?aneaauo caaea/; iiau-
oaao iiiai/eneaiiinoue e ieioiinoue naoee iaaeio?aneaauo
oicyenoaaiiuo naycae, nieaeaao iaaeaaeiinoue oicyenoaaiii-
aeiaiai?iuo ioiioaiee aneaaenoaea iaeeey
i?aaiecaoeee; aea/ao ?aniueaiea nee, n?aaenoa e ?ano?nia,
i?aaeiacia/aiiuo aeey ?aoaiey ea?aeeiaeueiuo ia?iaeiioi-
cyenoaaiiuo caaea/; eneonnoaaiii ?anoe?yao noa?o iaaeio-
?aneaaie eii?aeeiaoeee, /oi a oneiaeyo eioaineaiinoe,
neiaeiinoe e
io?aneaauo ioiioaiee aanueia caiaaeeyao oi?aaeai/aneee
i?ioeann, nieaeaao yooaeoeaiinoue i?eieiaaiuo oi?aaeai-
/aneeo ?aoaiee; oaaee/eaaao caa?oceo aunoeo e oeaio?aeue-
iuo iaaeio?aneaauo i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa
aii?inaie io?aneaaiai oa?aeoa?a; aucuaaao ?ino /eneai-
iinoe aaeieieno?aoeaii-oi?aaeai/aneiai ia?niiaea, iiau-
oaiea ?anoiaeia ia oi?aaeaiea e o. i.
Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi naia ii naaa iiiaeanoaaiiinoue
io?aneae oicyenoaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey iaono?aieia. Iia
i?aaeii?aaeaeaia aunieei o?iaiai io?aneaaie aeeooa?ai-
oeeaoeee i?iecaiaenoaa, ianooaaiinoueth io?aneae iaoae yei-
iiieee, iaaeinoaoi/iie a ?yaea io?aneae eiioeaio?aoeeae
i?iecaiaenoaa. Ii ia?a ?acaeoey yeiiiieee e a aeaeueiae-
oai aoaeoo iainiaeyoueny iiaua aeaeu e io?anee i?iecaiae-
-10-
noaa, eioi?ua iio?aaotho niaoeeaeece?iaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey
e nicaeaiey niioaaonoaothueo oi?aaeai/aneeo no?oeoo?.
Iaeiaei, ai-ia?auo, e a i?iecaiaenoaa, e a oi?aaeaiee
i?ioeannu niaoeeaeecaoeee iaeciaiii nii?iaiaeaeathony i?i-
oeannaie eioaa?aoeee, eioi?ua iaeuecy iaaeiioeaieaaoue.
Ai-aoi?uo, io?aneaaia iainiaeaiea i?iecaiaenoaa e ni-
ioaaonoaaiii niaoeeaeecaoeey oi?aaeaiey e naaiaeiy, e a ao-
aeouai aiciiaeiu a ?acee/iuo i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo oi?iao.
Caeanue aeaeaei ia anaaaea iaiaoiaeeii nicaeaiea naiinoiyoaeue-
iie io?anee oicyenoaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey, e ca/anooth iea-
cuaaaony i?eaieaiui aioo?eio?aneaaie o?iaaiue.
A-o?aoueeo, oi?ie?iaaiea iiauo io?aneae i?iecaiae-
noaa – i?ioeann ia i/aiue auno?ue, oioy a iineaaeiea aiaeu
iiae aeeyieai iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna ii e onei-
?eeny. Iaeiaei nicaeaiea iiauo io?aneae oicyenoaaiiiai
oi?aaeaiey i?ienoiaeeo eioaineaiaa, /ai iainiaeaiea ii-
auo io?aneae yeiiiieee e ia?aueaaiea ianooaaia i?i-
ecaiaenoaa.
Eiuie neiaaie, iuiaoiyy ae?iaiinoue i?aaiecaoeeiiiie
no?oeoo?u io?aneaaiai oi?aaeaiey aucaaia ia oieueei
oeacaiiuie auoa iauaeoeaiuie i?e/eiaie, ii e ae?oaeie
ianoiyoaeuenoaaie, n?aaee eioi?uo aaaeiia ianoi caieiaao
i?aaiecaoeeiiiia iaania/aiea ?aoaiey aaaeiuo ia?iaeiioi-
cyenoaaiiuo caaea/. A oeaeyo onei?aiey ?acaeoey ii?aaea-
eaiiiai o/anoea oicyenoaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa nicaeaaony
naiinoiyoaeueiay io?aneue oicyenoaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey, ei-
oi?ay e iinea niya/aiey ino?iou iinoaaeaiiie caaea/e ia
ainniaaeeiyaony n aeaaiie io?aneueth oi?aaeaiey, a i?iaeie-
aeaao aeaenoaiaaoue aaoiiiiii, ineiaeiyy iaoaieci ?oeiaiae-
noaa yeiiiieeie.
Eceiaeaiiia auoa iicaieyao ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi aanueia
iaaeaeaoaeueiay a naieo iineaaenoaeyo eceeoia ae?iaiay i?-
aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a io?aneaaiai oi?aaeaiey aucaaia
ia noieueei naienoaaie io?aneaaiai i?eioeeia ?oeiaiaenoaa,
neieueei, n iaeiie noi?iiu, neeoeii i?yiieeiaeiui aai
iiieiaieai, iaaeaeei i?eiaiaieai, a n ae?oaie – iiiai-
/eneaiiuie ionooieaieyie io iaai ia i?aeoeea. Iineaaei-
aaoaeueiay ?aaeecaoeey aeaiiiai i?eioeeia ia eneeth/aao, a
i?aaeiieaaaao eiioeaio?aoeeth oi?aaeaiey, oe?oiiaiea aai
io?aneae.
*oi eanaaony iaiioeiaeueiiai (a i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oao-
iieiae/aneii e i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneii ioiioa-
iee) ?ani?aaeaeaiey i?aaei?eyoee ii io?aneyi oi?aaeaiey,
oi caeanue ?a/ue eaeao i neooaoeeyo aeaiyeiai ?iaea. Neooaoeey
ia?aay, aiieia iainiiaaiii ?anoeaieaaaiay enneaaeiaaoaey-
ie eae aaconeiaii iaaaoeaiay: i?aaei?eyoey iaeiie io?anee
-11-
i?iecaiaenoaa aoiaeyo ia ia/aeao i?ioeee?othuaai ninoaaa
a ?aciua io?anee oi?aaeaiey. Oae, aaeaa ee ii?aaaeaii
i?eioeeieaeueiuie niia?aaeaieyie iaee/ea i?aaei?eyoee
oaaeiie, o?eeioaaeiie, iaoaiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe (ianni-
aia i?iecaiaenoai) a nenoaia Ieienoa?noaa auoiaiai ia-
neoaeeaaiey ONN? – ii anai iniiaaieyi iie aeieaeiu
aoiaeeoue a nenoaio Ieienoa?noaa eaaeie i?iiuoeaiiinoe;
i?aaei?eyoee ii ?aiiioo aeeeuey, aaiii-i?a/a/iiai oicye-
noaa e ae?oaeo eae a nenoaia Ieienoa?noaa auoiaiai ia-
neoaeeaaiey, oae e a nenoaia Ieienoa?noaa aeeeeuii-eii-
ioiaeueiiai oicyenoaa Oe?aeineie NN?. Ieeaeeo na?ueac-
iuo i?aiyonoaee e ainniaaeeiaieth oeacaiiuo io?aneae i?i-
ecaiaenoaa a iaeiie io?anee oi?aaeaiey iao.
Neooaoeey aoi?ay aiaoia i?ioeaiiieiaeia ioa?aeoa?e-
ciaaiiie auoa, ii aea/ao noiaeiua iineaaenoaey. Eiaaony a
aeaeo aaaeiinoaaiiay ?acuaaeeiaiiinoue i?iecaiaenoa, oanii
naycaiiuo iaaeaeo niaie ii oeio n /aoeie niaoeeaeecaoeeae ia?aiai ia oaeiaeaoai?a-
iea iio?aaiinoae aoi?iai. Oaeiai ?iaea nayce nicaeatho
aie?oa io?anee-iio?aaeoaey ii?aaeaeaiiue e?oa niaoeeaee-
ce?iaaiiuo ianeoaeeaathueo i?iecaiaenoa, oaeoe/anee
oi?ie?otho iiae aa yaeaeie i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiue
eiiieaen, ana caaiuey eioi?iai iauaeoeaii niaaeeiaiu iau-
iinoueth caaea/, iai?aaeaiiinoe e eiia/iuo (ia?iaeiioicye-
noaaiiuo) ?acoeueoaoia aeayoaeueiinoe.
Ia aoaeo/e i?aaiecaoeeiiii ioi?ieaiiui, ia eiay ia-
uaai ?oeiaiaenoaa, oaeie eiiieaen ia iiaeao aeaenoaiaaoue a
iioeiaeueiii ?aaeeia. Aaaeiinoaaiiay ?acuaaeeiaiiinoue aai
/anoae ia niinianoaoao neio?iiecaoeee eo aeayoaeueiinoe, ia-
?aaeei i?eaiaeeo e naiyi e ?aceaaeai a iauai i?ioeanna i?i-
ecaiaenoaa eiia/iiai i?iaeoeoa. ?a/ue eaeao, neaaeiaaoaeueii,
i iaaeinoaoi/iii o/aoa i?e no?oeoo?e?iaaiee io?aneaaiai
oi?aaeaiey eioaa?aoeeiiiuo i?ioeannia a yeiiiieea, eioi-
?ua i?aaiecaoeeiiii i?iyaeythony a eiiieaene?iaaiee aai
io?aneae.
Aiciiaeiinoue ono?aiaiey oaeiai iieiaeaiey aauae ia-
eioi?ua yeiiiienou aeaeyo a i?aaiecaoeee oi?aaeaiey ii
eiia/iiio i?iaeoeoo. Nooue aa ninoieo a oii, /oi io?aneue
oicyenoaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey oi?ie?oaony ia aaca iniiaiie,
i?ioeee?othuae io?anee, iaiin?aaenoaaiii oaeiaeaoai?yth-
uae iio?aaiinoe iauanoaa a i?iaeoeoa ii?aaeaeaiiiai ?iaea,
ii ioaaouaaao oaeaea e niaaeiua i?iecaiaenoaa, niaoeeaee-
ce?othueany ia ianeoaeeaaiee iio?aaiinoae iniiaiie io-
?anee (*9).
Eaeay i?aaiecaoeee oi?aaeaiey ii eiia/iiio i?iaeoeoo
a ecaanoiie ia?a iie?aaony ia nouanoaothuoth i?aeoeeo.
-12-
A nenoaio Ieienoa?noaa oaieueiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe, iiie-
ii oaeaaeiauaathueo i?aaei?eyoee e iaiaaoeoaeueiuo oaa-
?ee, aoiaeyo i?aaei?eyoey e i?aaiecaoeee oaieueiiai iaoe-
iino?iaiey, oaooiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa, o?ainii?oa, nayce
e i?. A nenoaio Ieienoa?noaa /a?iie iaoaeeo?aee, e?iia
iaoaeeo?ae/aneeo caaiaeia, aeeth/aiu ai?ii?oaeiua, eieni-
oeie/aneea, iaoaeeiia?aaaouaathuea i?aaei?eyoey, i?aae-
i?eyoey ii i?iecaiaenoao oethnia e iaiaoii?ia, ia?a?aaio-
ea aoi?e/iuo iaoaeeia.
A nenoaio Ieienoa?noaa ieiaeiiaiuiiai oicyenoaa
ONN? aoiaeyo naeueneioicyenoaaiiua i?aaei?eyoey ?acee/-
iiai i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeey (iieaaiaenoai, naaeiaiaeno-
ai e aeiia?aaea?noai, naiaiiaiaenoai, aeeaioiiaiaenoai), i?i-
iuoeaiiua i?aaei?eyoey ii ia?a?aaioea naeueneioicyeno-
aaiiie i?iaeoeoeee, ecaioiaeaieth oa?u, ?aiiioo iai?oaeiaa-
iey; caaioiaeoaeueiua e nauoiaua i?aaiecaoeee, o?ainii?o-
iua e oi?aiaua (iioiaua, ?icie/iua) i?aaei?eyoey, no?ie-
oaeueiua i?aaiecaoeee. A ?acoeueoaoa io?aneueth oi?aaeaiey
ioaaouaaaony aanue oeeee i?iecaiaenoaa, caaioiaie, ia?a?a-
aioee, o?aiaiey e ?aaeecaoeee ieiaeiiaiuiie i?iaeoeoeee,
iie?athuaeny e oiio aea ia nieeaeioth ianeoaeeaathuoth
i?iecaiaenoaaiioth aaco (i. 1, 3 Iieiaeaiey i Ieienoa?noaa
ieiaeiiaiuiiai oicyenoaa ONN?, ooaa?aeaeaiiiai iinoaiia-
eaieai Niaaoa Ieieno?ia ONN? io 11 ia?oa 1982 a.)(*10).
I?aaiecaoeey oi?aaeaiey ii eiia/iiio i?iaeoeoo iicai-
eyao ia oieueei ioaaoeoue aaeeiui ?oeiaiaenoaii aanue oeeee
i?iecaiaenoaa i?iaeoeoa, iaania/eoue niaeaniaaiiinoue aai
noaaeee, yoaiia e yeaiaioia, ii e aeieaeiui ia?acii iiae/e-
ieoue ?aaioo anao o/anoieeia yoiai i?ioeanna iniiaiie, ei-
ia/iie oeaee – i?iecaiaenoao ii?o/aiiiai io?anee i?iaeoe-
oa a o?aaoaiii iauaia e iaiaoiaeeiii ea/anoaa.
E?iia oiai, eniieueciaaiea oaeiai aa?eaioa oi?aaeaiey
aeaao aiciiaeiinoue cia/eoaeueii nie?aoeoue eiee/anoai o?oae-
iioi?aaeyaiuo iaaeio?aneaauo oicyenoaaiiuo naycae, ca-
iauay eo aieaa i?inouie e aeaeeie aioo?eio?aneaauie.
Eieaeecoynue a io?anee oi?aaeaiey e i?aaiecoynue ec iaeii-
ai oeaio?a, yoe nayce ia?aoatho aieueooth ii?aaeaeaiiinoue,
noaaeeueiinoue e iaaeaaeiinoue. I?e yoii neaaeoao oaeaea
o/anoue, /oi iaania/aiea eni?aaiinoe oicyenoaaiiuo naycae
a ianoiyuaa a?aiy yaeyaony iaeiie ec iaeaieaa ino?uo
i?iaeai oicyenoaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa NNN? (*11).
A io?aneyo oi?aaeaiey aeaiiie no?oeoo?u neeaaeuaatho-
ny iniaaiii aeaaii?eyoiua oneiaey aeey iioeiecaoeee ei-
aanoeoeeiiiuo i?ioeannia, aeey inouanoaeaiey aeaeiai e
ia?niaeoeaiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa ?acaeoeai io?anee. Aaeeinoai
e acaeiicaaeneiinoue iiae?acaeaeaiee io?aneaaiai i?iecaiae-
-13-
noaaiii-oicyenoaaiiiai eiiieaena iicaieyao aicaeaaeyth-
uaio aai i?aaio ieaiiia?ii e eiioeaio?e?iaaiii iai?aa-
eyoue iaiaoiaeeiua ?ano?nu ia oa o/anoee i?iecaiaenoaa, ei-
oi?ua yaeythony ?aoathueie aeey ?acaeoey anaai eiiieaena
e aeinoeaeaiey io?aneueth iaeeo/oeo eiia/iuo ?acoeueoaoia,
i?e/ai, ia oieueei a ?an/aoa ia aeaiiue eiie?aoiue iiiaio,
ii e n o/aoii ia?niaeoeau.
Iaeiiaoe, eiiieaeniia no?oeoo?e?iaaiea io?aneae oi-
cyenoaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey i?aiyonoaoao io-
aaonoaaiiinoe ca oaeiaeaoai?aiea iio?aaiinoae iauanoaa a
i?iaeoeoeee io?anee, eioi?ia i?aeoe/anee iaecaaaeii i?e
oceiniaoeeaeece?iaaiiii iino?iaiee io?aneae. Eiaaea no-
uanoaaiiua oaeoi?u i?iecaiaenoaa iaoiaeyony ca i?aaeaea-
ie io?anee oi?aaeaiey, oi a iieiie ia?a ni?ineoue n ieie-
noa?noaa (eiiai aiaeiae/iiai i?aaia) ca n?uau a ?aaioa
aicaeaaeyaiie nenoaiu ii/oe iaaiciiaeii: neeoeii oe-
?ie e?oa aeanoaaeeece?othueo oaeoi?ia, ia caaenyueo io
oeacaiiiai i?aaia. Aieaa oiai, ca iiaeiaiuie aiaoieie
ianoiyoaeuenoaaie ia?aaeei oaeaaony ne?uoue nianoaaiiua ia-
aeinoaoee: ia?anii?yaeeoaeueiinoue, aanoicyenoaaiiinoue, nea-
ainoue eieoeeaoeau e o. ae. A oneiaeyo aea, eiaaea oiiiyiooua
oaeoi?u i?iecaiaenoaa iaoiaeyony aioo?e io?anee, a i?aaea-
eao i?aaiecothuaai aicaeaenoaey aa oeaio?a, aa?iyoiinoue
oaeeo neooaoeee ?acei nieaeaaony.
Oai ia iaiaa eiiieaeniia no?oeoo?e?iaaiea io?aneae
oicyenoaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey aucuaaao aic?aaeaiey ni noi-
?iiu ?yaea o/aiuo. Iie naiaeyony a iniiaiii e oiio, /oi
yoi i?ioeai?a/eo io?aneaaiio i?eioeeio, aaaeao e aeaeueiae-
oaio io?aneae ii aaaeiinoaaiiui nenoa-
iai, oneeeaaao aaoa?ee/aneea oaiaeaioeee, no?aieaiey e na-
iiiaania/aieth,
I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi oi?aaeaiea ii eiia/iiio i?iaeoe-
oo ia icia/aao ie iooiaea, ie i?ioeai?a/ey io?aneaaiio
i?eioeeio oaea oioy au iioiio, /oi eiia/iue i?iaeoeo –
oaeoi? io?aneaaie i?aaiecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaa. Onoaiiaea
ia iaai a no?oeoo?e?iaaiee nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey i?aaeii-
eaaaao eiaiii io?aneaaoth i?eaioaoeeth, i?ei?eoao io?anea-
aiai ia/aea a oi?ie?iaaiee aaaeiinoaaiiuo nenoai. Ia-
?iaeiioicyenoaaiiia cia/aiea nenoaiu ii?aaeaeyao iniiaiia
(i?ioeeueiia) i?iecaiaenoai. Iai?ioeeueiua i?aaei?eyoey
eeoue iaania/eaatho aio iaiaoiaeeiua oneiaey ooieoeeiie-
?iaaiey, ia auoiaey, eae i?aaeei, naieie ?acoeueoaoaie
(i?iaeoeoaie) ia ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiue o?iaaiue. Eo aeay-
oaeueiinoue ea?aao neoaeaaioth ?ieue, yaeyaony yeaiaioii i?-
aaiecaoeee iniiaiiai i?iecaiaenoaa – auionea i?iaeoeoeee
ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiiai cia/aiey.
-14-
*oi eanaaony iiiaioa naiiiaania/aiey, oi ii aeaenoae-
oaeueii i?enou ?anniao?eaaaiui no?oeoo?ai e i?aaenoaa-
eyao niaie iaeei ec iniiaiuo iioeaia eo i?eiaiaiey. Ii
aeaenoaeoaeueii ee yoi oaeie oae ianiiiaiiue ecuyi, eae
i?aaeiieaaaao yeiiiie/aneay o?aaeeoeey?
I?aaenoaaeaiey i iaaoaiinoe naiiiaania/aiey neiaee-
eenue e i?eia?aee oa?aeoa? aeneiiu ioiineoaeueii aeayoaeue-
iinoe i?aaei?eyoey a oa a?aiaia, eiaaea ii?aaeaeythuei a
iaoae yeiiiieea aue oei oieaa?naeueiiai i?aaei?eyoey
n?aaieoaeueii iaaieueoiai ?acia?a. Eo naiiiaania/aiea
aaei e neeueiiio i?aaiecaoeeiiiiio ae?iaeaieth niaaeiuo
(ianeoaeeaathueo) i?iecaiaenoa, oi?iiceei i?ioeannu eo
niaoeeaeecaoeee, eiioeaio?aoeee, eiiia?e?iaaiey a io?anea-
aii e ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiii ianooaaao, i?aiyonoaiaaei
aiaae?aieth ia?aaeiauo oaoiieiaee e aunieii?iecaiaeeoaeue-
iie oaoieee, yooaeoeaiiio eniieueciaaieth eaae?ia e i?.
Io?eoeaoaeueiia ioiioaiea iaoee e oaeiai ?iaea naiiiaan-
ia/aieth ii?aaaeaii e nio?aiyao naith neeo a oie ia?a, a
eeeie i?iaeieaeatho aeaenoaiaaoue noi?ie?iaaaoea aai oae-
oi?u. Iaeiaei naaiaeiy ia iie yaeythony ii?aaeaeythueie.
Ia niaio oieaa?naeueiiio i?aaei?eyoeth i?eoee eiiieae-
nu niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee ia aioo?eio?aneaaii
e io?aneaaii o?iaiyo. Eiioeaio?aoeey i?iecaiaenoaa a ?ai-
eao oeacaiiuo eiiieaenia nicaeaea i?aaeiinueee aeey nia-
?aiaiiie, iniiaaiiie ia niaoeeaeecaoeee e eiiia?e?iaaiee
i?aaiecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaa eae a iniiaiie (i?ioeeueiie),
oae e a ianeoaeeaathuae (iai?ioeeueiie) noa?ao aeayoaeue-
iinoe.
Naiiiaania/aiea a ianooaaao oaeeo eiiieaenia, anee
iie nicaeaiu ia iaaeeaaeauae i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/a-
neie iniiaa, ia eiaao iiiaeo ioia/aiiuo auoa iaaeinoao-
eia. Aeeth/aiea i?aaei?eyoee niaoeeaeece?iaaiiiai ianeo-
aeeaathuaai iacia/aiey a iio?aaeythuea eo i?iaeoeoeeth
(?aaiou, oneoae) io?anee ia ae?iaeo ianeoaeeaathueo i?i-
ecaiaenoa, ii oaniaa i?eaycuaaao eo e iio?aaiinoyi e eioa-
?anai iniiaiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. Aaaaeaiea i?aaei?eyoee
iaoeiino?iaiey aeey eaaeie i?iiuoeaiiinoe a nenoaio
Ieienoa?noaa eaaeie i?iiuoeaiiinoe, aeey ieuaaie i?i-
iuoeaiiinoe-a nenoaio Ieienoa?noaa ieuaaie i?iiuo-
eaiiinoe, iaoaeeo?ae/aneiai iaoeiino?iaiey-a nenoaio
Ieienoa?noaa /a?iie iaoaeeo?aee ia o?ainoi?ie?oao yoe
iiaeio?anee iaoeiino?iaiey a i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oaoie/a-
neii ioiioaiee, ia nie?aoeo ianooaaia eo aeayoaeueiinoe,
ia nieceo aiciiaeiinoae oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey,
ii iicaieeo oaniaa oaycuaaoue e eo/oa eii?aeeie?iaaoue i?i-
aaaeaiea iao/ii-oaoie/aneeo ?ac?aaioie, i?iecaiaenoai ia-
-15-
oei e iai?oaeiaaiey e eo inaiaiea o iio?aaeoaey, nie?a-
uay n?iee e iiauoay yooaeoeaiinoue oaoie/aneiai ia?aai-
i?oaeaiey iniiaiiai i?iecaiaenoaa.
Yoio auaiae iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony i?aeoeeie ooieoeeiie?iaa-
iey a nenoaia Ieioaey iiaeio?anee oaieueiiai iaoeii-
no?iaiey, i?aaei?eyoee ii i?iecaiaenoao i?eai?ia e aaoi-
iiaeeyi, o?aeoi?ai, iioioeeeeai – a nenoaia Ieiaaoi-
i?iia, i?aaei?eyoee eiiioiaeueiiai iaoeiino?iaiey – a
nenoaia Ieiaeeeeiiioioica ONN? e o. i.
Aeeth/aiea i?iecaiaenoa ii no?ieoaeuenoao iauaeoia ia-
eei?aoeee a nenoaio Ieienoa?noaa iaeei?aoeee e aiaeiiai
oicyenoaa, ii no?ieoaeuenoao yeaeo?inoaioeee, yeaeo?e/aneeo
i oaieiauo naoae a nenoaio Ieienoa?noaa yia?aaoeee e
yeaeo?eoeeaoeee, oaooino?iaiey a nenoaio Ieienoa?noaa
oaieueiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe ia nieaeaao oaoieei-yeiiiie/a-
neeo iiceoeee niioaaonoaothuaai no?ieoaeueiiai i?iecaiae-
noaa, ii niinianoaoao iaania/aieth iaaeeaaeauaai ea/anoaa
e oaoie/aneiai o?iaiy aicaiaeeiuo iauaeoia, aieaa oaniie
oaycea no?ieoaeuenoaa e inaiaiey yoeo iauaeoia, iaeaieaa
iieiiio oaeiaeaoai?aieth iio?aaiinoae iauanoaa a eiia/-
iie i?iaeoeoeee io?anee.
Ia?aaea/a i?aaei?eyoee ieiaeiiaiuoi?aa a nenoaio Ie-
ienoa?noaa ieiaeiiaiuiiai oicyenoaa ia iiaeaeea iaaaoea-
iuo ia?aiai i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oaoie/aneiai e yeiiiie/a-
neiai oa?aeoa?a a yoie iiaeio?anee oi?aiaee. Ii iia ii-
caieeea aieaa /aoei e aeaei eii?aeeie?iaaoue i?iecaiaenoai,
caaioiaeo, ia?a?aaioeo e ?aaeecaoeeth ieiaeiiaiuiie i?i-
aeoeoeee, oniaoiaa iaiaa?e?iaaoue aa ?ano?naie, yooaeoea-
iaa eniieueciaaoue i?iecaiaenoaaiiua iiuiinoe, o?oaeiaua e
oeiainiaua ?ano?nu, eo/oa iaania/eaaoue nio?aiiinoue
iio?aaeoaeueneeo naienoa, i?aaeioa?auaiea iioa?ue ieiaei-
iaiuiie i?iaeoeoeee, a a eiia/iii n/aoa – iieiaa oaeiaea-
oai?youe iio?aaiinoe iauanoaa a yoie i?iaeoeoeee.
Eoae, aaciaiai?i/ii ?ani?ino?aiyoue o?aaeeoeeiiii ia-
aaoeaiia ioiioaiea e naiiiaania/aieth ia io?aneaaie o?i-
aaiu a nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo oicyenoaiaaiey iao aeinoaoi/-
iuo iniiaaiee. I?ioeannu niaoeeaeecaoeee e eioaa?aoeee
aeinoeaee oaeiai ?acaeoey, /oi ia?aia n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth
o?aaoao aoi?iai. Ianoaeaaoue ia oneeaiee niaoeeaeecaoeee.
eaii?e?oy eioaa?aoeeth – aania?niaeoeaii. Iaiaoiaeeii eo
?acoiiia ni/aoaiea.
Aaconeiaii, iaeoe ?aaiiaanea a yoii i?ioeai?a/eaii
aaeeinoaa – caaea/a ia ec eaaeeo. Iia ia i?eaieao iaeii-
cia/iiai ?aoaiey aeey anyeie io?anee, ethaie oicyenoaai-
iie neooaoeee. Caeanue ioaeiu eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue iiaeoiae, oi?i-
oaa ciaiea ianoaiiaee, oi/iue yeiiiie/aneee ?an/ao, /ao-
-16-
eia i?aaenoaaeaiea i iaeaieaa oeaeaniia?aciii i?aaieca-
oeeiiiii o?iaia eioaa?aoeee, i?aaeeueiue auai? e oiaeia
eniieueciaaiea niioaaonoaothueo i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo oi?i
e o. i.
A oaeeo oneiaeyo iniaaiii aaaeiu /aoeinoue e ii?aaea-
eaiiinoue eiioeaiooaeueiie onoaiiaee e aa iaoiaee/aneia
iaania/aiea. Ii a ianoiyuaa a?aiy i?ioeann eiiieaene?i-
aaiey io?aneae oi?aaeaiey i?ienoiaeeo eae au niiioaiii,
nei?aa noeoeeii, a ia eae iineaaeiaaoaeueiay ?aaeecaoeey
i?eiyoie no?oeoo?iie eiioeaioeee. Nicaeaiiua aia/aea eae
niaoeeaeece?iaaiiua io?anee oi?aaeaiey oaea a i?ioeanna
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey ii ia?a yiie?e/anee auyaeyaiie ii-
o?aaiinoe iiiieiythony i?aaei?eyoeyie ianeoaeeaathueo
i?iecaiaenoa (*13), iinoaiaiii i?eia?aoay eiiieaeniue oa?ae-
oa?. Anoanoaaiii, /oi oaeay ia?ano?ieea ca/anooth nii?i-
aiaeaeaaony i?in/aoaie e iioa?yie, eneaaeathueie aa niune
e nieaeathueie ?acoeueoaou.
Ai-ia?auo, i?eaeaiea io?anee iai?ioeeueiuo i?iec-
aiaenoa ia anaaaea ia?aie/eaaaony ?aieaie niaoeeaeece?i-
aaiiiai ianeoaeeaaiey, oa?aeoa? e ianooaau eioi?iai
iauaeoeaii ni?eaioe?iaaiu ia iio?aaiinoe aeaiiie io?an-
ee. Ia?aaeei a aa ninoaaa ieacuaathony i?aaei?eyoey, /uey
i?iaeoeoeey, ?aaiou eee oneoae eiatho iaaeio?aneaaia ia-
cia/aiea, i?eiaiythony ai iiiaeo io?aneyo i?iecaiaenoaa
(i?aaei?eyoey iaoeiino?iaiey e iaoaeeiia?aaioee iaua-
ai iacia/aiey, i?aaiecaoeee iauano?ieoaeueiiai i?ioeey,
i?aaei?eyoey ianiaoeeaeece?iaaiiiai o?ainii?oa e o. i.).
Oaeia i?aaiecaoeeiiiia io?aneae ia?aoeei-
iaeueii, aea/ao e?oiiua iioa?e aeey ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa e
a ea/anoaa noaoeeiia?iie ia?u aeiioneaoueny ia aeieaeii.
Ai-aoi?uo, ia?u ii eiiieaene?iaaieth io?aneae ca-
/anooth iinyo iieiaei/aoue oa?aeoa?, ia iaania/eaay
iioeiaeueiie oeaeinoiinoe i?iecaiaenoaaiiie no?oeoo?u io-
?anee. In anaaaea i?aaei?eyoey e i?aaiecaoeee, niaoeeaeece-
?othueany ia oaeiaeaoai?aiee iio?aaiinoae i?ioeeueiiai
ninoaaa io?anee, ioaaouaathony ath, a ia?aaeaiiua ae ia?aae-
ei ec-ca iaaeinoaoi/iinoe i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiuiinoae ia
iiaoo a iieiie ia?a oaeiaeaoai?eoue oeacaiiua iio?aaiinoe.
Neeaaeuaathueany aeaoeoeeou iie?uaathony ca n/ao iaaeio-
?aneaauo naycae. Oae, no?ieoaeuenoai iauaeoia nenoai ie-
ienoa?noa ieuaaie i?iiuoeaiiinoe, aeeeeuii-eiiioiaeue-
iiai oicyenoaa, /a?iie iaoaeeo?aee ONN? e i?i/eo aaaeao-
ny no?ieoaeueiuie i?aaiecaoeeyie eae yoeo aaaeiinoa, oae e
no?ieoaeueiuo ieienoa?noa Oe?aeineie NN?. Aaoiiiaeeue-
iua ia?aaicee aeey i?aaei?eyoee Ieienoa?noaa oi?aiaee,
Ieienoa?noaa auoiaiai ianeoaeeaaiey ianaeaiey, Ieie-
-17-
noa?noaa nayce ONN? inouanoaeythony e aaaeiinoaaiiui
o?ainii?oii, e o?ainii?oii iauaai iieueciaaiey e o. ae. Ii-
aeiaiue ia?aeeaeeci ae?iaeo ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiia ieaie-
?iaaiea, oiiiaeaao oicyenoaaiiua nayce, oneiaeiyao i?aa-
iecaoeeth i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna a io?anee, cao?oaeiyao
?aaioo aiia?aoa, oaaee/eaaao /enei aeanoaaeeece?othueo
oaeoi?ia a oi?aaeaiee e ia o?iaia io?anee, e ia o?iaia
ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa a oeaeii.
Aaconeiaii, nin?aaeioi/eoue a io?anee oi?aaeaiey ana,
/oi iaiaoiaeeii aeey i?iecaiaenoaa eiia/iiai i?iaeoeoa, ia-
aiciiaeii. Iaeaieaa i?eaieaiui aa?eaioii caeanue yaeyao-
ny eiiieaene?iaaiea io?aneae, ?acoiii ni/aoathuaa oi-
cyenoaaiioth eioaa?aoeeth n io?aneaaie aeeooa?aioeeaoeeae.
Iii aeieaeii i?iaiaeeoueny iineaaeiaaoaeueii e oeaeaono?ai-
eaiii. Ianeoaeeaathuea i?iecaiaenoaa, eioi?ua i?eciaii
?aoeeiiaeueiui ia?aaeaoue iniiaiie io?anee, aeieaeiu auoue
ia?aaeaiu ae a iieiii iauaia iio?aaiinoae.
A-o?aoueeo, eiiieaene?iaaiea io?aneae a ianoiyuaa a?a-
iy i?ienoiaeeo, a iniiaiii, ia o?iaia ieciaiai (i?iecaiae-
noaaiiia iauaaeeiaiea) e i?iiaaeooi/iiai (oicyenoaaiiia
iauaaeeiaiea) caaiueaa, aaea niioonoaiaaiea iiae?acaeaeaieyi
iniiaiiai i?iecaiaenoaa ianeoaeeaathueo eo iai?ioeeueiuo
i?aaei?eyoee i?aaeoniio?aii naiie ii?iaoeaiie iiaeaeueth
(i. 5 Iieiaeaiey i i?iecaiaenoaaiiii iauaaeeiaiee (eiiae-
iaoa), ooaa?aeaeaiiiai iinoaiiaeaieai Niaaoa Ieieno?ia
NNN? io 27 ia?oa 1974 a.; i. 6 Iauaai iieiaeaiey i ana-
nithciii e ?anioaeeeaineii i?iiuoeaiiuo iauaaeeia-
ieyo. ooaa?aeaeaiiiai iinoaiiaeaieai Niaaoa Ieieno?ia
NNN? io 2 ia?oa 1973 a.(**))(*14). A iauaio?aneaaii ianooaaa
yoio i?ioeann ?acaeo cia/eoaeueii neaaaa. Aaeaa ee oaeia
iieiaeaiea aauae ii?aaaeaii a ioiioaiee oao ianeoaee-
aathueo i?iecaiaenoa, eioi?ua i?ecaaiu oaeiaeaoai?youe ii-
o?aaiinoe iauaio?aneaaiai oa?aeoa?a. Ae?iaeaiea eo
iaaeaeo aioo?eio?aneaauie iiae?acaeaeaieyie n ia?aie/a-
ieai ianooaaia aeayoaeueiinoe iauaiii iio?aaiinoae ii-
neaaeieo i?aiyonoaoao aiaae?aieth ia?aaeiauo oi?i i?aaie-
caoeee ianeoaeeaathuaai i?iecaiaenoaa, i?eiaiaieth a iai
nia?aiaiiie oaoiieiaee, ?aoeeiiaeueiiio eniieueciaaieth
o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia. A eiia/iii n/aoa yoi aaaeao e oaeoaea-
ieth aeeni?iii?oeee iaaeaeo ianeoaeeaathuei e i?ioeeueiui
i?iecaiaenoaaie, /oi, iiieii anaai i?i/aai, cao?oaeiyao
?acaeoea iineaaeiaai. Iiyoiio i?aau oa o/aiua, eioi?ua
ianoaeaatho ia eiioeaio?aoeee ianeoaeeaathuaai (aniiiiaa-
(***) Aeaeaa: Iieiaeaiea i i?iecaiaenoaaiiii iauaaeeiaiee; Iieiaeaiea
i i?iiuoeaiiuo iauaaeeiaieyo.
-18-
oaeueiiai) i?iecaiaenoaa, ia naycaiiiai iaiin?aaenoaaiii n
iniauie oneiaeyie ?aaiou eiie?aoiuo iauaaeeiaiee, ia
io?aneaaii o?iaia (ecaioiaeaiea eino?oiaioia, caianiuo
/anoae, inianoee; eaieoaeueiia no?ieoaeuenoai e eaieoaeue-
iue ?aiiio iniiaiuo oiiaeia, iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneea,
iiuoii-eiino?oeoi?neea, oaoiieiae/aneea ?ac?aaioee, yen-
ia?eiaioaeueiia i?iecaiaenoai e o. i.)(*15).
Ioia/aiiua iaaeinoaoee a cia/eoaeueiie ia?a yaeythony
?acoeueoaoii neaaie iaoiaee/aneie i?i?aaioee i?iaeaiu
eiiieaene?iaaiey io?aneae a ieaia i?aaiecaoeee oi?aaea-
iey ii eiia/iiio i?iaeoeoo. Ainiieieoue eiathueany caeanue
i?iaaeu – aeaei yeiiiie/aneie iaoee. Oai ia iaiaa i?aae-
noaaeyaony aiciiaeiui auneacaoue iaeioi?ua iauea caia-
/aiey ii aeaiiiio i?aaeiaoo.
Ii iaoaio iiaieth, a niioaaonoaothueo iaoiaee/aneeo
aeieoiaioao aeieaeiu auoue ii?aaeaeaiu i?eioeeiu, e?eoa?ee
e niiniau:
auaeaeaiey a?oii eiia/iuo i?iaeoeoia, iaiin?aaenoaaiii
oaeiaeaoai?ythueo iauanoaaiiua iio?aaiinoe, a oaeaea e?o-
aa io?aneae, inouanoaeythueo i?iecaiaenoai yoeo i?iaeoe-
oia ii eaaeaeie ec a?oii;
ii?aaeaeaiey ooieoeee niaoeeaeece?iaaiiiai i?iecaiae-
noaaiiiai ianeoaeeaaiey ii eaaeaeie a?oiia eiia/iiai i?i-
aeoeoa e e?oaa io?aneae, i?aaei?eyoey eioi?uo auiieiytho
yoe ooieoeee;
ioai?a i?aaei?eyoee oiiiyioouo auoa io?aneae (eae
i?ioeee?othuaai, oae e ianeoaeeaathuaai oa?aeoa?a) aeey
aeeth/aiey a oe?oiiaiioth io?aneue, ioaaonoaaiioth ca i?i-
ecaiaenoai eiia/iiai i?iaeoeoa ii eaaeaeie ec auaeaeaiiuo
a?oii e iaeneiaeueiia oaeiaeaoai?aiea a iai iio?aaiinoae
iauanoaa;
aioo?aiiaai i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai no?oeoo?e?iaaiey noi?-
ie?iaaiiuo oaeei ia?acii io?aneae oicyenoaaiiiai ?o-
eiaiaenoaa, iaania/eaathuaai eo oi?aaeyaiinoue.
Ec auoaeceiaeaiiiai neaaeoao, /oi i?ioeann oi?ie?iaa-
iey yooaeoeaiie no?oeoo?u io?aneaaiai oi?aaeaiey aeaea-
ei ia caaa?oai. Caeanue iaiaoiaeeiu aeaeueiaeoea i?aia?aci-
aaiey,
Iaeeo/oei ia?acii yoa caaea/a iiaeao auoue ?aoaia io-
oai oe?oiiaiey io?aneae oicyenoaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey n iae-
iia?aiaiiui ?aoeeiiaeueiui eiiieaene?iaaieai eo ia aa-
ca aeiieie?othuaai i?iecaiaenoaa iniiaiiai (i?ioeeueiiai)
i?iaeoeoa. I?aaiecaoeey oi?aaeaiey ii eiia/iiio i?iaeoe-
oo aeano aiciiaeiinoue ono?aieoue iiiaea ecuyiu iuiaoiae
i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u io?aneaaiai oi?aaeaiey, i?e-
-19-
/ai, e yoi iaiaeiaaaeii, aac ei?aiiie eiiee iineaaeiae.
Nio?aiyy a iai?eeiniiaaiiinoe io?aneaaia ia/aei e eiay
iacia/aieai i?eniiniaeaiea io?aneaaiai oi?aaeaiey e ni-
a?aiaiiui oneiaeyi i?iecaiaenoaa, oaeay ?ai?aaiecaoeey
aeiioneaao i?aainoaaiiinoue i?eiaiyaiuo caeanue i?aaieca-
oeeiiiuo oi?i e eniieueciaaiea iiuoa oao io?aneae oi?aa-
eaiey, aaea iiaeiaiay ia?ano?ieea oaea i?iaaaeaia.
TH?eaee/aneea iniiau ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
io?aneaauo oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai
I?ioeann ia?aciaaiey io?anee oicyenoaaiiiai oi?aaea-
iey caaa?oaaony, iieo/aao ioeoeeaeueiia cae?aieaiea n ni-
caeaieai aai ?oeiaiaeyuaai oeaio?a – ieienoa?noaa, ainei-
ieoaoa, aaaeiinoaa (*17). I?e yoii ii?aaeaeythony iniiaiua oea-
ee aeayoaeueiinoe oeacaiiiai i?aaia, e?oa iiaeaaaeiinoaai-
iuo aio i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee, iaoa?eaeueiay aaca,
no?oeoo?a oi?aaeaiey io?aneueth e o. ae. Oaeei ia?acii, ni-
caeaiea ieienoa?noaa – yoi iaeiia?aiaiii e o/?aaeaeaiea
io?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu. Iineaaeiyy i?aaenoaa-
eyao niaie i?aaiecaoeeiiii iainiaeaiiia ia io?aneaaii
o?iaia iiae?acaeaeaiea nioeeaeenoe/aneie yeiiiieee ni nai-
ei i?aaiecothuei oeaio?ii – niaoeeaeueii aeey oiai nicaeai-
iui oeaio?aeueiui i?aaiii ainoaea?noaaiiiai oicyenoaaiii-
ai ?oeiaiaenoaa.
Eaoaai?ey oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu ia yaeyaony aanietho-
ii iiaie a th?eaee/aneie iaoea. Iia ano?a/aaony aua a ioa-
eeeaoeeyo 30-o aiaeia (*18). Iaeiaei niaoeeaeueiiio iao/iiio
aiaeeco iia ia iiaeaa?aaeanue e a iineaaeothuai auea ca-
auoa.
A nia?aiaiiue iao/iue iai?io iia auea aaaaeaia aiiaue
n?aaieoaeueii iaaeaaii (*19). Niaoeeaeueiay aea iao/iay ?ac?a-
aioea niioaaonoaothuae i?iaeaiaoeee ?acaa?ioeanue eeoue
a iineaaeiea aiaeu. Ii oicyenoaaiiua nenoaiu, a /ano-
iinoe io?aneaaua, a nioeeaeenoe/aneie yeiiiieea nouano-
aiaaee anaaaea, oioy e a ?aciie noaiaie c?aeinoe. Aac ieo
inouanoaeaiea oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai ieaiiaiai ?oeiaiaenoaa
ia?iaeiui oicyenoaii auei au iaaiciiaeiui, iineieueeo
i?yii aueoe ia eaaeaeia i?aaei?eyoea, iaiin?aaenoaaiii i?-
aaieciaaoue aai aeayoaeueiinoue ai acaeiinayce n aeayoaeue-
iinoueth ae?oaeo i?aaei?eyoee aaeeiue iauaainoaea?noaaiiue
yeiiiie/aneee oeaio? ia iiaeao (*20).
Ainoaea?noaaiiia oicyenoaiaaiea a ea/anoaa iaiaoiaee-
iiai oneiaey o?aaoao oe?oiiaiiiai i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai
no?oeoo?e?iaaiey yeiiiieee, nicaeaiey iaeneiaeueii aieue-
oeo oicyenoaaiiuo aaeeieoe, eioi?ua, ioaaouaay cia/eoaeue-
-20-
iia eiee/anoai i?aaei?eyoee (ia?ae/iuo caaiueaa), eiaee
au nianoaaiiue i?aaiecothuee oeaio?, auiieiythuee ii?a-
aeaeaiiue iauai ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey, e aunooia-
ee au a iauaainoaea?noaaiiii ianooaaa eae oeaeinoiua oi-
cyenoaaiiua ia?aciaaiey.
A yoie nayce i?aaenoaaeythony iaiainiiaaiiuie aic?a-
aeaiey iaeioi?uo o/aiuo i?ioea
eioi?ua aoaeoi au i?ioeai?a/ao iauaeoeaiui oneiaeyi
?acaeoey nioeeaeenoe/aneie yeiiiieee, iacia/aieth e oa-
?aeoa?o ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey, eai aaaeoo e i?aa?a-
uaieth io?aneae (*22).
Aeaiiay iiceoeey oaea iiaeaa?aaeanue ianoiyoaeueiie e?e-
oeea (*23). A aeiiieiaiea e auneacaiiui niia?aaeaieyi oioa-
einue au ioiaoeoue neaaeothuaa. I?aaeaea anaai iaynii, i ea-
eeo
noaiu – yoi iiiaieaoiyy iauaeoeaiay ?aaeueiinoue iaoae
oicyenoaaiiie aeecie. Oaea naia aeeeoaeueiinoue i?eiaiaiey
yoie i?aaiecaoeeiiiie oi?iu, aa iinoiyiiia i?enoonoaea a
iaoaiecia ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey oicyenoaii (*24)
noaaeo iiae niiiaiea oi?ae a ianiioaaonoaee aa iauaeoea-
iui caeiiiia?iinoyi nioeeaeenoe/aneie yeiiiieee e in-
iiaiui ia/aeai ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey.
Aeaeaa, o?oaeii i?aaenoaaeoue, eae iiaeii inouanoaeyoue
oeaio?aeeciaaiiia oi?aaeaiea nioiyie ouny/ i?aaei?eyoee
aac nicaeaiey i?aaiecaoeeiiii iainiaeaiiuo, a cia/eo, a
ecaanoiie ia?a eciee?iaaiiuo, a ii?aaeaeaiiii iauaia na-
iioi?aaeythueony oe?oiiaiiuo oicyenoaaiiuo caaiueaa.
Iaeuecy oaeaea ioaa?aaoue i?aaiecaoeeiiioth oi?io eae
oaeiaoth ii i?e/eia iaaeinoaoeia e ioeaie a aa i?eiaia-
iee, ia aeieacaa, /oi iie iaecaaaeii ii?iaeaeaiu aioo?ai-
iei iaaeinoaoeii oi?iu.
I?ioea ?anniao?eaaaiie eaoaai?ee auneacuaathony
aic?aaeaiey e eeanneoeeaoeeiiii-oa?ieiieiae/aneiai ii-
?yaeea. Oae, A. I. Aeaoei n/eoaao iai?aaeeueiui aaaaeaiea
iiiyoey
I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi i?eaaaeaiiay nnueea ia oeaee e ii-
oeau aaaaeaiey aeaiiiai iiiyoey aaeaa ee iiaeao neoaeeoue
-21-
iao/iui a?aoiaioii, iineieueeo cao?aaeaaao iiiaiou, ii-
noi?iiiea aeey i?aaeiaoa nii?a.
*oi aea eanaaony i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiey iacaaiiuo iiiy-
oee, oi iii aiciiaeii eeoue a /anoe io?aneaaie oicyenoaai-
iie nenoaiu, a ia anae ?anniao?eaaaiie eaoaai?ee(*26). Ii
e oaeiai i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiey a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe iao. A i?-
aaiecaoeeiiii-no?oeoo?iii ioiioaiee (*27) io?aneaaay oicye-
noaaiiay nenoaia anoue nenoaia oicyenoaaiiiai ieienoa?-
noaa, eioi?ay niioiineony n iiiyoeai
I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi e eaoaai?ey oicyenoaaiiie nenoa-
iu. e iaicia/athuee aa oa?iei aiieia ioaa/atho o?aaiaa-
ieyi ia?aciaaiey iao/iuo iiiyoee(*28). Eae iaiauathuay
eaoaai?ey oe?oiiaiiuo oicyenoaaiiuo aaeeieoe, aeeth/ath-
ueo a naay i?aaei?eyoey e naiinoiyoaeueiua oicyenoaaiiua
i?aaiecaoeee aianoa n iaiin?aaenoaaiii ?oeiaiaeyuei eie
i?aaiii ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey, iiiyoea oicyenoaai-
iie nenoaiu nae/an oe?iei i?eiaiyaony a yeiiiie/aneie
eeoa?aoo?a.
Eiiaaea, iaeiaei, oa?iei
iieuecoaony e a aieaa oe?ieii, e a aieaa oceii, /ai neaca-
ii auoa, cia/aieyo. Ia?aia eiaao ianoi a oao neo/ayo,
eiaaea iiiyoea oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu aa?aony ia a aai
niaoeeaeueiii niunea, a a iauaiao/iii cia/aiee nenoaiu
n i?eayceie e noa?a oicyenoaaiiie aeecie. I?e yoii eth-
aie neiaeiue iauaeo (a a oeacaiiie noa?a ana iauaeou
neiaeiu, oioy e a ?aciie noaiaie) eaaeeoeoee?oaony eae
oicyenoaaiiay (yeiiiie/aneay) nenoaia (*29). A ?acoeueoaoa
oicyenoaaiiay nenoaia ai iiiaeanoaa yei-
iiie/aneeo iauaeoia, a niioaaonoaothuaa iiiyoea oa?yao
ii?aaeaeaiiinoue a?aieoe.
Aanue niune oaeiai neiaioiio?aaeaiey naiaeeony e oee-
naoeee i?eiaiaiey nenoaiiiai iiaeoiaea e oeacaiiui iauae-
oai. Ii yoi oaea eiie aniaeo enneaaeiaaiey.
Ia?aie/eoaeueiay o?aeoiaea ninoieo a i?eciaiee oicye-
noaaiiie nenoaiie eeoue oao ec oiiiyioouo ?aiaa eioa-
a?e?iaaiiuo oicyenoaaiiuo ia?aciaaiee, eioi?ua neea-
aeuaathony a ianooaaa io?anee oi?aaeaiey (io?aneaaua
oicyenoaaiiua nenoaiu) eeai oicyenoaa iaeanoe, e?ay
(oa??eoi?eaeueiua oicyenoaaiiua nenoaiu), o. a. yaeythony
iniiaiuie iiae?acaeaeaieyie a iae?ino?oeoo?a yeiiiieee
(
a?e?iaaiiua aea iiae?acaeaeaiey aieaa ieceiai (aoi?iai,
o?aoueaai) ii?yaeea eaaeeoeoee?othony i?e yoii eae oicye-
noaaiiua iiaenenoaiu (*30).
Neaaeoao, iaeiaei, ioiaoeoue, /oi a oneiaeyo oaaea?aoea-
-22-
iiai no?iaiey yeiiiieee e?eoa?ee
eeanneoeeaoeee. Iayniie caeanue, a /anoiinoe, ieacuaaaony
eaaeeoeeaoeey nenoai nithcii-?anioaeeeaineeo ieie-
noa?noa (aaaeiinoa) nithciie ?anioaeeee, eioi?ua oioy e
ioaaouaatho io?aneue oi?aaeaiey (a ianooaaa ?anioaeeee),
ii a i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?a yeiiiieee NNN? ia ya-
eythony
eae ioiineoaeueia a?aiue iaaeaeo oicyenoaaiiuie nenoaiaie
e iiaenenoaiaie a i?aaeeiaeaiiii oeacaiiuie aaoi?aie ii-
ieiaiee.
Aaconeiaii, ia?aie/eoaeueiia iiieiaiea eaoaai?ee oi-
cyenoaaiiie nenoaiu iicaieyao auaeaeeoue, iaicia/eoue nia-
oeeaeueiui oa?ieiii e oaeei ia?acii ioa?aie/eoue io
niaaeiuo yaeaiee a?oiio eioaa?e?iaaiiuo oicyenoaaiiuo
ia?aciaaiee, iaeaaeathueo iaeneiaeueiie iauiinoueth th?e-
aee/anee cia/eiuo i?eciaeia: aunooieaiea a ea/anoaa ia-
iin?aaenoaaiiiai iauaeoa iauaainoaea?noaaiiiai ia?iaeii-
oicyenoaaiiiai ieaie?iaaiey (i?yiie aae?anao Caeiia i
ainoaea?noaaiiii ieaia yeiiiie/aneiai e nioeeaeueiiai ?ac-
aeoey): iiae/eiaiiinoue aicaeaaeythuaai i?aaia iaiin?aaeno-
aaiii I?aaeoaeuenoao; iaeiiii?yaeeiaaiiinoue ooieoeee, aee-
cinoue i?aaiauo iiceoeee. Iaeiaei ioia/aiiua i?eciaee ia
nicaeatho oeacaiiui yaeaieyi naiinoiyoaeueiie oi?iu i?a-
aiaiai iiin?aaenoaiaaiey. Aianoa n oai i?eioeeieaeueiay
iauiinoue i?aaiaie iiaeaee oiiiyioouo ?aiaa eioaa?e?i-
aaiiuo caaiueaa yeiiiieee (eae ia?aiai, oae e iineaaeoth-
ueo ii?yaeeia) eae au ?ac?uaaaony iaaeaeo aeaeiauie eaoa-
ai?eyie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu e oicyenoaaiiie iiaenenoa-
iu. Ia iieo/ay iiiyoeeiiai iaicia/aiey a niioaaonoaoth-
uae ?iaeiaie eaoaai?ee, yoa iauiinoue ooiaeeo ec iiey
c?aiey enneaaeiaaoaeae, /oi ioithaeue ia niinianoaoao oynia-
ieth nooe oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai aeaaea a ia?aie/eoaeueiii
eo iiieiaiee.
Iiyoiio i?aaenoaaeyaony aieaa iainiiaaiiie iiceoeey
oao aaoi?ia, eioi?ua i?eaeatho iiiyoeth oicyenoaaiiie ne-
noaiu oa?aeoa? ?iaeiaie eaoaai?ee, ioaaouaathuae ana
?aciiaeaeiinoe eioaa?e?iaaiiuo iiae?acaeaeaiee yeiiiieee,
ninoiyueo ec th?eaee/anee naiinoiyoaeueiuo i?aaei?eyoee e
oicyenoaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee e aicaeaaeythuaai oaeoth a?oi-
ie?iaeo i?aaia oicyenoaaiiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa (oeaio?a ne-
noaiu).
Io?aneaaay oicyenoaaiiay nenoaia, ninoaaeythuay ?ac-
iiaeaeiinoue oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai, no?ieony a ianooaaa
io?anee oicyenoaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey e aicaeaaeyaony oeaio-
?aeueiui i?aaiii ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey.
-23-
Neaaeoao iiae/a?eiooue, /oi aeaeiaia ii?aaeaeaiea
e io?aneaaie ianooaa oaeie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu. ?a/ue
eaeao, neaaeiaaoaeueii, i niaoeeaeueiii iiiyoee, ioaaouaath-
uai oicyenoaaiiua nenoaiu ia io?aneaaii o?iaia oi?aa-
eaiey (*31).
Aiaeec io?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu, eae e anyeie
nioeeaeueiie nenoaiu, neaaeoao, aeaeeii, ia/eiaoue n auynia-
iey aa oeaee, iineieueeo ana ae?oaea oa?aeoa?enoeee nenoaiu
niioianaiu n oeaeueth, i?iaeeeoiaaiu iaiaoiaeeiinoueth aa ?aa-
eecaoeee e, oaeei ia?acii, eiatho iiae/eiaiiue ii ioiioa-
ieth e iae oa?aeoa?.
Ii iiaieth A. A. Eaioaaa, oeaeue ethaie oicyenoaaiiie
nenoaiu ninoieo a oaeiaeaoai?aiee iio?aaiinoae ia?iaeiiai
oicyenoaa e ianaeaiey a i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaioao e oneoaao a
niioaaonoaee n ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiui ieaiii, o. a. ii no-
uanoao ia ioee/aaony io oeaee i?aaei?eyoey (*32).
Eiiai iiaiey i?eaea?aeeaaaony A. N. sseooaa, iieaaay,
/oi nicaeaiea oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai (*33) ii?aaeaeaiiui eiiieae-
nii i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee.
I?aaenoaaeyaony, iaeiaei, caeanue iao aeueoa?iaoeau. Eae
ooieoeeiie?othuaa iiae?acaeaeaiea nioeeaeenoe/aneie yeiii-
ieee, oicyenoaaiiay nenoaia aeaenoaeoaeueii eiaao iacia-
/aieai oaeiaeaoai?aiea oao eee eiuo iaoa?eaeueiuo ii-
o?aaiinoae iauanoaa. Ii aaaeue oaeia oaeiaeaoai?aiea ino-
uanoaeyaony nenoaiie ia ii nianoaaiiiio ?acoiaieth (a
/anoe niaea?aeaiey, iauaia e o. i.) e ia ii i?eioeeio aieueoa, oai eo/oa>, a a niioaaonoaee n ia?iaeiioicyeno-
aaiiui ieaiii, n o/aoii (e oayceie) aiaeiae/iie aeay-
oaeueiinoe ae?oaeo nenoai, ai acaeiinayce n ?aoaieai ia-
ueo caaea/ yeiiiieee.
Auiieiaiea oeacaiiuo oneiaee (a yoi e anoue iaania/a-
iea oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai ieaiiaiai ?oeiaiaenoaa) ninoaaeyao
iacia/aiea oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu eae caaia a iaoaiecia
ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa oicyenoaii. Io?aneaaie oi-
cyenoaaiiie nenoaia a yoie /anoe i?eiaaeeaaeeo iniaay
?ieue, iineieueeo iia yaeyaony aeaaiui eaiaeii ananoi?ii-
iaai oi?aaeythuaai aicaeaenoaey ainoaea?noaa ia ieciaua
caaiuey yeiiiieee e iniiaiui (a io?aneaaii ?ac?aca) i?-
aaiecaoeeiiiui n?aaenoaii iaania/aiey ieaiiia?iie i?i-
ii?oeeiiaeueiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa a ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiii
ianooaaa.
Iaeiaei eaaeaeay ec oeacaiiuo oeaeae ia nouanoaoao na-
iinoiyoaeueii. Anee ia?aay ii?aaeaeyao iaoa?eaeueiia ni-
-24-
aea?aeaiea aeayoaeueiinoe oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu, oi aoi-
?ay-aa iaoaieci. Iie ?aaeecothony a i?iecaiaenoaaiiii
i?ioeanna nenoaiu e aiieiuathony a aai ?acoeueoaoao. Eiu-
ie neiaaie, i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiua e oi?aaeai/a-
neea oeaee oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu i?aaie/anee naycaiu e a
?aaeueiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe ia?anoi?aeeiu.
Yoi i?iyaeyaony a i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?a oicye-
noaaiiie nenoaiu, niaaeeiythuae a naaa eae oi?aaeyaiue
iauaeo – i?aaiecaoeeiiii iainiaeaiiue eiiieaen i?aae-
i?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee, oae e oi?aaeythuee noauaeo – i?-
aai ainoaea?noaaiiiai oicyenoaaiiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa – oeaio?
nenoaiu, iaania/eaathuee aa yooaeoeaiia ooieoeeiie?iaa-
iea e onei?aiiia ?acaeoea, ianouee ia?aae ainoaea?noaii
ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca auiieiaiea ath caaeaiee ainoaea?noaai-
iiai ieaia e iaycaoaeuenoa ia?aae athaeaeaoii.
E aoiaeyuea a nenoaio i?aaei?eyoey (i?aaiecaoeee), e
aicaeaaeythuee aa i?aai oi?aaeaiey iaeaaeatho th?eaee/a-
neie naiinoiyoaeueiinoueth. Oai ia iaiaa ooieoeeiie?iaaoue
naiinoiyoaeueii, a io?uaa ae?oa io ae?oaa iie ia iiaoo (*34).
Aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaei?eyoee (i?aaiecaoeee) iie?aaony ia i?-
aaiecothuoth e iai?aaeythuoth aeayoaeueiinoue oeaio?a nenoa-
iu. ?aaioa aea iineaaeiaai iaoiaeeo eiae/aneia caaa?oaiea,
iaoa?eaeece?oaony e i?iaa?yaony a naiae yooaeoeaiinoue
a ?acoeueoaoao ?aaiou aicaeaaeyaiiai i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oi-
cyenoaaiiiai eiiieaena.
Iniiaaiiua ia i?aaiecaoeeiiiie iiae/eiaiiinoe ioii-
oaiey oeaio?a nenoaiu n eaaeaeui ec i?aaei?eyoee (i?aaie-
caoeee) eiiieaena yaeythony ii?aaeaeythueie. *a?ac ieo
neeaaeuaaaony o?aaoaiay iai?aaeaiiinoue aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey, iaania/eaathony aaaeiaeoea iaoa?eaeueiua
i?aaeiinueee aai oaeouae ?aaiou, a oaeaea aeaaiua ia?a-
iao?u e iaiaoiaeeiua oneiaey aeaeueiaeoaai ?acaeoey.
Oeaio? nenoaiu oi?ie?oao oeacaiiua ioiioaiey n eaae-
aeui ec i?aaei?eyoee niia?acii aai ?iee e cia/aieth a i?i-
ecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiii eiiieaena (a ia eae n eciee-
?iaaiii oicyenoaothuae aaeeieoeae), iauaaeeiyy e niaeani-
auaay aai aeayoaeueiinoue n ?aaioie ae?oaeo iiae?acaeaeaiee
eiiieaena, i?eaioe?oynue ia aeinoeaeaiea iaueo iioeiaeue-
iuo ?acoeueoaoia i?e iaeneiaeueiii eniieueciaaiee aioo?e-
nenoaiiuo ?ano?nia.
Aeaaiaea?y ?oeiaiaeyuae aeayoaeueiinoe oeaio?a i?ienoi-
aeeo i?aaiecaoeeiiii-ooieoeeiiaeueiay eiinieeaeaoeey nenoa-
iu, oneeeaaaony i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oaoie/aneay nayciinoue a
yeiiiie/aneay iauiinoue i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiiai-
eiiieaena – oicyenoaaiiay nenoaia noaiiaeony aaeeiui,
-25-
ioiineoaeueii aaoiiiiiui iiae?acaeaeaieai ia?iaeiioicye-
noaaiiiai eiiieaena.
Iaeiaei iauaaeeieoaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe oeaio?a nenoaiu
ia aaca?aie/iu. I?e iiae/eiaiee aieueoiai /enea i?aae-
i?eyoee oeaio? ia iiaeao o/eouaaoue a naiae i?aaiecothuae
aeayoaeueiinoe ?ieue e cia/aiea eaaeaeiai ec ieo a ooieoeei-
ie?iaaiee i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiiai eiiieaena, a
iieiie ia?a ciaoue e iaania/eaaoue yooaeoeaiia eniieueci-
aaiea aioo?enenoaiiiai oicyenoaaiiiai iioaioeeaea. Eii-
e?aoiinoue ?oeiaiaenoaa nieaeaaony, aaeeinoai nenoaiu ineaa-
eyaony, iioeiaeueiua ?acoeueoaou ieacuaathony iaaeinoeaee-
iuie.
Iianiinoue oaeeo iineaaenoaee iniaaiii aaeeea a io-
?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaia, aaea cia/eoaeueiay iiiaea-
noaaiiinoue i?aaei?eyoee ninoaaeyao iauaa i?aaeei. Ecaa-
aeaoue yoiai, ia ae?iay nenoaio(*35), iiaeii eeoue iooai nicaea-
iey aioo?enenoaiiuo eioaa?e?iaaiiuo ia?aciaaiee ni
naieie i?aaiecothueie oeaio?aie – oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai
aieaa ieceiai ii?yaeea: oicyenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee e aia-
eiae/iuo ei oicyenoaaiiuo aaeeieoe. Iineaaeiea
aaiey (a oii /enea aioo?eio?aneaaiai ?oeiaiaenoaa), ooie-
oeeiie?oy iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii iauaio?aneaaiai oeaio?a.
A ?acoeueoaoa nio?aiyaony aiciiaeiinoue aaeeiiai eiiia-
oaioiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa anai io?aneaaui i?iecaiaenoaaiii-
oicyenoaaiiui eiiieaenii, eiie?aoiinoue oi?aaeaiey aoi-
aeyueie a iaai i?aaei?eyoeyie, aaeeinoai e oeaeinoiinoue
io?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu eae aaaeiaeoaai iiae-
?acaeaeaiey a iaoaiecia ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa yei-
iiieeie.
I?aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a io?aneaauo oicyenoaaiiuo
nenoai onoaiaaeeaaaony niaoeeaeueiuie i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiu-
ie aeoaie (NNN?, nithciuo ?anioaeee) – Aaia?aeueiuie
noaiaie (noaiaie) oi?aaeaiey io?aneyie oicyenoaa.
Oa?aeoa?iay aeey io?aneaauo oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai
neiaeiinoue i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u, iaee/ea a iae, ii-
ieii oeaio?a e ieciauo caaiueaa, i?iiaaeooi/iuo iiae?acaea-
eaiee – oicyenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee – iaoneiaeeaaao oea-
eue ?yae iniaaiiinoae a i?aaiaie i?aaiecaoeee oaeeo oi-
cyenoaaiiuo nenoai, e i?aaeaea anaai a ?ani?aaeaeaiee ooie-
oeee nenoaiu iaaeaeo aa caaiueyie.
Ethaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaia naienoaaiai ii?aaeaeai-
iue iaai? ooieoeee, ioee/athueony ii?aaeaeaiiie i?aaeiao-
iie iai?aaeaiiinoueth aeaeia (noi?ii) aeayoaeueiinoe, auiie-
iaiea eioi?uo iaiaoiaeeii aeey aeinoeaeaiey oeaeae nenoaiu.
Yoi – ieaie?iaaiea, oi?aaeaiea eiouanoaii, i?iecaiae-
-26-
noaaiii-oaoiieiae/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue, iaania/aiea iao/-
ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna, iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneia niaa-
aeaiea, nauo, oeiaine?iaaiea, eaieoaeueiia no?ieoaeuenoai,
i?aaiecaoeey o?oaea e ca?aaioiie ieaou, iiaeaioiaea eaae-
?ia e o.ae.
Ana ooieoeee nenoaiu au?aaeathony a ooieoeeyo aa
caaiueaa e ?aaeecothony /a?ac eo auiieiaiea. A inouano-
aeaiee eaaeaeie ec ooieoeee nenoaiu eaaeaeia caaii eiaao
naie iauai, ii?aaeaeyaiue i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?ie
nenoaiu, ianoii e iacia/aieai a iae aeaiiiai caaia, niaea?-
aeaieai ooieoeee, eiie?aoiuie oneiaeyie io?aneaaiai oi-
cyenoaiaaiey, iauei niioiioaieai ia/ae oeaio?aeecaoeee
e aeaoeaio?aeecaoeee a iaoaiecia ainoaea?noaaiiiai oicyeno-
aiaaiey a oii eee eiii eiie?aoii-enoi?e/aneii ia?eiaea.
Iaeiii?aaeiaoiua ooieoeee ?aciuo caaiueaa nenoaiu
eiatho ?aciia (niaoeeaeece?iaaiiia) niaea?aeaiea. Auiie-
iythony iie eaaeaeui caaiii a i?enoueo aio ianooaaao e
oi?iao aeayoaeueiinoe, naienoaaiiuie aio i?aaiecaoeeiiii-
i?aaiauie n?aaenoaaie. A ?acoeueoaoa i?ienoiaeeo aeeooa-
?aioeeaoeey ooieoeee caaiueaa nenoaiu ii oa?aeoa?o. A yoie
nayce ?aca?aie/eaatho iia?aoeaii-oicyenoaaiiua (i?iec-
aiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiua) ooieoeee, auiieiyaiua iaii-
n?aaenoaaiii a i?ioeanna i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe, e ieaiiai-?aaoee?othuea, inouanoaeyaiua a
i?ioeanna oicyenoaaiiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa. Iaeiaei ooieoeey ne-
noaiu, auiieiyynue ia ?aciuo yoaiao naiae ?aaeecaoeee ?ac-
iuie n?aaenoaaie e a ?aciuo oi?iao, inoaaony aaeeiie.
Aaaeue oeaee nenoaiu ieaaeoony iaaeinoeaeeiuie, anee ia ao-
aeao iaania/aii aaeeinoai aa aeayoaeueiinoe ii eaaeaeiio ec
iauaeoeaii iaiaoiaeeiuo iai?aaeaiee.
Aeaiiia oneiaea i?aaeii?aaeaeyao i?aiaeaaeaiea eioaa?a-
oeeiiiuo ia/ae iaae ia/aeaie aeeooa?aioeeaoeee a ooieoeei-
iaeueiie no?oeoo?a oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu, o?aaoao ?acoi-
iiai ni/aoaiey ieaiiai-?aaoee?othueo e iia?aoeaii-oi-
cyenoaaiiuo ooieoeey, iaania/eaathuaai iaeiiiai?aaeai-
iinoue oneeee caaiueaa nenoaiu e aeinoeaeaiea iioeiaeueiuo
iaueo eiia/iuo ?acoeueoaoia ii eaaeaeiio ec iniiaiuo ia-
i?aaeaiee eo aeayoaeueiinoe.
A neeo oeacaiiiai aaeeinoaa aiciiaeii e iaiaoiaeeii n
eciaiaieai oneiaee aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe nenoaiu, niaa?-
oainoaiaaieai aa i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u i?iecaiaeeoue
ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea ooieoeee iaaeaeo caaiueyie nenoaiu, a
oaeaea aiceaaaoue ia oeaio?u oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai, iiieii
ieaiiai-?aaoee?othueo, aeeceea ei ii iacia/aieth(*36) iia-
?aoeaii-oicyenoaaiiua ooieoeee. E?iia oiai, oaeia aaeei-
noai, i?eaiey aeeooa?aioeeaoeeth, ii eneeth/ay i?ioeaiii-
-27-
noaaeaiea ieaiiai-?aaoee?othueo e iia?aoeaii-oicyeno-
aaiiuo ooieoeee, iauyniyao eciaiaiea oa?aeoa?a ooieoeee,
ia?aaeaaaaiuo io oi?aaeai/aneeo caaiueaa e i?iecaiaenoaai-
ii-oicyenoaaiiui e iaiai?io, anee niioaaonoaaiii eciaiy-
thony i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiaua oi?iu e n?aaenoaa ?aaee-
caoeee ia?aaeaiiuo ooieoeee.
Oeaeinoiinoue e iaecaaaeiay ?an/eaiaiiinoue eaaeaeie
ooieoeee, oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu, acaeiicaaeneiinoue aa
?acee/iuo ooieoeee (*37) iaoneiaeeaatho iaiaoiaeeiinoue i?a-
aeeueiiai ii?aaeaeaiey, a n ?acaeoeai nenoaiu – e yooae-
oeaiiai ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiey ooieoeee aa caaiueaa.
I?e yoii iaiaoiaeeii iaania/eoue iieiioo auyaeaiey
iauaeoeaii iaiaoiaeeiuo ooieoeee nenoaiu, aani?iaaeue-
iinoue eo aiieiuaiey a ooieoeeyo caaiueaa, iai?ioeai?a/e-
ainoue, acaeiioaycaiiinoue iaeiii?aaeiaoiuo ooieoeee ?ac-
ee/iuo caaiueaa, niaeaniaaiiinoue ?aciii?aaeiaoiuo ooie-
oeee eaaeaeiai caaia, aiceiaeaiea ia eaaeaeia ec caaiueaa oiai
iauaia ooieoeee nenoaiu, eioi?ue iaeeo/oei ia?acii
iiaeao auoue auiieiai eiaiii yoei caaiii.
Ioa?aeoa?eciaaiiay auoa no?oeoo?ii-ooieoeeiiaeueiay
i?aaiecaoeey oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu i?aae?aoaao aii?in i
aa i?aainoauaeoiinoe. Iineieueeo ana ooieoeee nenoaiu
?ani?aaeaeaiu iaaeaeo aa caaiueyie – iaeaaeathueie th?eaee-
/aneie naiinoiyoaeueiinoueth oicyenoaaiiuie i?aaiaie –
iaaeaeaiea i?aainoauaeoiinoueth nenoaiu eae oaeiaie ia
oieueei eeoaii aeinoaoi/iuo iniiaaiee, ii e aiiaua ia au-
cuaaaony iaiaoiaeeiinoueth(*38).
?aaeecaoeey oeaeae nenoaiu, aa ooieoeee th?eaee/anee
iiin?aaenoaoaony naiinoiyoaeueiie eiiiaoaioeeae aoiaeyueo
a nenoaio oicyenoaaiiuo i?aaiia, oi/ii i/a?/eaathuae
i?aaiaua i?aaeaeu aeayoaeueiinoe eaaeaeiai ec ieo(*39).
Onoaiiaeaieai eiiiaoaioeee oeacaiiuo i?aaiia aeinoe-
aaaony /aoeinoue ?ani?aaeaeaiey ooieoeee nenoaiu iaaeaeo aa
caaiueyie, ii?aaeaeaiiinoue iauaia i niaea?aeaiey ooieoeee
eaaeaeiai ec yoeo caaiueaa, iaania/aiiinoue aiceiaeaiiuo ia
oicyenoaaiiue i?aai ooieoeee iaiaoiaeeiuie i?aaiauie
n?aaenoaaie eo ?aaeecaoeee.
Aaeeinoai ooieoeee oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu i?aaeii?aaea-
eyao acaeiinaycue eiiiaoaioeee ?acee/iuo aa caaiueaa (oic-
i?aaiia), eanathuaeny iaeiiai e?oaa aii?inia. Yoi i?iya-
eyaony a i?aaiaii ?aaeeia eaaeaeie ooieoeee nenoaiu, eioi-
?ue oa?aeoa?ecoaony neiaeiinoueth no?oeoo?u, iiiaeanoaai-
iinoueth noauaeoia,
aaao oeaeoth naoue iineaaeiaaoaeueii ?acaeaathueony aa?oe-
eaeueiuo e ai?eciioaeueiuo ioiioaiee.
-28-
Eiiiaoaioeey caaiueaa nenoaiu (oici?aaiia), eae e i?a-
aiaie ?aaeei oao eee eiuo aeaeia aeayoaeueiinoe, ii?aaeaey-
aony a iauaii?iaoeaiii ii?yaeea. Iaeiaei a io?aneaaie oi-
cyenoaaiiie nenoaia onoaiiaeaiiua iauaii?iaoeaiuie
aeoaie iiaeaee i?eniinaaeeaathony e eiie?aoiui onei-
aeyi ?aaiou eae nenoaiu a oeaeii, oae e aa caaiueaa. Yoi
aeinoeaaaony iin?aaenoaii ia?aaea/e onoaiiaeaiiuo aeoaie
iauaai aeaenoaey i?aa e iaycaiiinoae iaeieo caaiueaa (oic-
i?aaiia) nenoaiu ae?oaei (i. 8 Iieiaeaiey i ieienoa?no-
aao NNN?: i. 38 Iieiaeaiey i i?iiuoeaiiuo iauaaeeia-
ieyo; i. 42 Iieiaeaiey i i?aaei?eyoee; i. 55 Iieiaeaiey i
i?iecaiaenoaaiiii iauaaeeiaiee), a oaeaea aeiiieieoaeueiie
ii ioiioaieth e iauaii?iaoeaiiio ?aaoee?iaaieth aaaeii-
noaaiiie ?aaeaiaioaoeee ii?yaeea auiieiaiey ioaeaeueiuo
ooieoeee nenoaiu (aeaeia oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe).
Ioiineoaeueiay aaoiiiiiinoue aaaeiinoaaiiiai ?aaoee?i-
aaiey aioo?enenoaiiuo oicyenoaaiiuo ioiioaiee i?eai-
aeeo e iniaie (eiaeeaeaeoaeece?iaaiiie) i?aaiecaoeee i?a-
aiaie iaoa?ee aioo?e nenoaiu, iaeioi?iio ianiaiaaeaieth
aa n nenoaiie niioaaonoaothueo iauaii?iaoeaiuo iiaea-
eae, e naiaia?aceth i?aaiauo oi?i aioo?enenoaiiie aeay-
oaeueiinoe ii n?aaiaieth n aeayoaeueiinoueth aianenoaiiie.
Oicyenoaaiiay nenoaia iaeaaeaao a ea/anoaa iaoa?eaeue-
iie aacu naiae aeayoaeueiinoe ii?aaeaeaiiui eiouanoaii _.
iainiaeaiiie /anoueth aaeeiiai oiiaea ainoaea?noaaiiie ni-
oeeaeenoe/aneie nianoaaiiinoe. Yoi eiouanoai ia?aaeaaony
aeey eniieueciaaiey caaiueyi nenoaiu e th?eaee/anee cae?ai-
eyaony ca ieie ia oii eee eiii i?aaiaii iniiaaiee. Oi-
cyenoaaiiay nenoaia a oeaeii noauaeoii i?aa e iaycai-
iinoae ii eiouanoao ia aunooiaao, iineieueeo iao oaeiai
eiouanoaa, eioi?ia auei au cae?aieaii ca nenoaiie eae
oaeiaie (*40).
Ca i?aaei?eyoeyie, eiuie ieciauie oicyenoaaiiuie
i?aaiecaoeeyie eiouanoai cae?aieyaony a iauaia e eii-
e?aoii-aauanoaaiiii ninoaaa, iaiaoiaeeiii aeey auiieia-
iey i?iecaiaenoaaiiie i?ia?aiiu, ?anii?yaeeoaeueiuie ae-
oaie eiiiaoaioiuo i?aaiia oicyenoaaiiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa –
oeaio?ia nenoai (ooaa?aeaeaiea onoaaa, aaeaina, i?eeac i
ia?aaea/a eiouanoaa). TH?eaee/aneei iniiaaieai aeayoaeue-
iinoe i?aaei?eyoey ii eniieueciaaieth cae?aieaiiiai ca
iei eiouanoaa neoaeeo i?aai iia?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey (*41).
Cae?aieaiea eiouanoaa ca oeaio?ii oicyenoaaiiie ne-
noaiu inouanoaeyaony iooai ii?aaeaeaiey e?oaa iiaeaaaeii-
noaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee (i?aaiecaoeee) e i?aaeinoaaeaiey
eiie?aoiuo iieiiii/ee a ioiioaiee eiouanoaaiiuo eii-
-29-
ieaenia iiaeaaaeiinoaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee, a oaeaea ia?acoa-
iuo ia o?iaia oeaio?a nenoaiu niaoeeaeueiuo oiiaeia e ?a-
ca?aia, iiaeeaaeaueo ?ani?aaeaeaieth iaaeaeo caaiueyie ne-
noaiu.
Iiiaea o/aiua-th?enou n/eoatho, iaeiaei, /oi inouano-
aeaiea i?aaiaie oicyenoaaiiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa oi?aaeaiey
eiouanoaaiiuie eiiieaenaie iiaeaaaeiinoaaiiuo i?aae-
i?eyoee, aoaeo/e iaiin?aaenoaaiiui inouanoaeaieai ni noi-
?iiu ainoaea?noaa ooieoeee nianoaaiieea aaeeiiai oiiaea
ainoaea?noaaiiuo eiouanoa, ia o?aaoao cae?aieaiey niio-
aaonoaothuaai eiouanoaa ca i?aaiaie oicyenoaaiiiai ?o-
eiaiaenoaa (*42). Aieaa oiai, ii eo iiaieth, oaeia cae?aieaiea
ianiaianoeii n cae?aieaieai yoiai aea eiouanoaa ca i?aae-
i?eyoeyie.
Oaeea acaeyaeu iniiauaathony ia aeaeaei ia aannii?iuo
i?aaenoaaeaieyo, /oi anyeia aicaeaenoaea ia ainoaea?noaai-
iua eiouanoaaiiua iauaeou (ioiioaiey ii oeacaiiiio
eiouanoao) ca i?aaeaeaie i?aaa iia?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiee
anoue iaiin?aaenoaaiiay ?aaeecaoeey i?aaa ainoaea?noaaiiie
nianoaaiiinoe e cae?aieaiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai eiouanoaa
ca ainoaea?noaaiiuie i?aaiaie aiciiaeii oieueei ia i?aaa
iia?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey.
Iaeiaei ainoaea?noai caeanue aeaenoaoao ia iaiin?aaenoaai-
ii(*43), a /a?ac naie i?aaiu, oi?aaeythuea io naiaai eiaie,
ii naiaio i?aao e a naiai eioa?ana ioaeaeueiie /anoueth aaee-
iiai oiiaea ainoaea?noaaiiie nianoaaiiinoe. E yoa aeayoaeue-
iinoue o?aaoao /aoeie ii?aaeaeaiiinoe iauaeoa (oi?aaeya-
iie aeaiiui i?aaiii /anoe oeacaiiith aaeeiiai oiiaea),
iaee/ey aeinoaoi/iuo iieiiii/ee aeey yooaeoeaiiai oi-
?aaeai/aneiai aicaeaenoaey, /oi th?eaee/anee icia/aao iaia-
oiaeeiinoue cae?aieaiey iainiaeaiiiai iauaeoa ca noauae-
oii oi?aaeaiey ia niioaaonoaothuai i?aaiaii iniiaaiee.
Oaeei i?aaiaui iniiaaieai aunooiaao i?aai oi?aaea-
iey eiouanoaii nenoaiu (*44). Iii ioaaouaaao oeaeue ?yae
iieiiii/ee oeaio?ia nenoaiu ii i?aaiecaoeee no?ieoaeueno-
aa, ?aeiino?oeoeee, ?anoe?aieth, eeeaeaeaoeee i?aaei?eyoee
e i?aaiecaoeee e ?anii?yaeaieth inoaaoeiny iinea eeeae-
aeaoeee eiouanoaii, ?ani?aaeaeaieth e ia?a?ani?aaeaeaieth
oiiaeia ia iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneia niaaaeaiea, oeaio?aee-
caoeee oeiainiauo ?ano?nia i?aaei?eyoee, auaeaeaieth ia-
iaoiaeeiuo ei oeiainiauo n?aaenoa, onoaiiaeaieth eioua-
noaaiiuo ii?i e ii?iaoeaia, ?anii?yaeaieth ioaeaeueiuie
eiouanoaaiiuie iauaeoaie, niaoeeaeece?iaaiiia ii?ia-
oeaiia ?aaoee?iaaiea eniieueciaaiey iaoa?eaeueiuo oeai-
iinoae a iiaeaaaeiinoaaiiie nenoaia, naieoeeiie?iaaiea ia-
-30-
eioi?uo ?anii?yaeeoaeueiuo aeaenoaee ii eiouanoao iiaeaa-
aeiinoaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee, i?aaiecaoeee e ae?.
Oeacaiiua iieiiii/ey ?aaeecothony i?aeiouanoaaiii
iin?aaenoaii ecaeaiey oeaio?ii nenoaiu ?anii?yaeeoaeueiuo
aeoia. Ii yoi ia icia/aao, /oi a oi?aaeaiee eiouanoaii
nenoaiu oeaio? aa iieuecoaony aaeeinoaaiii i?aaii ?anii?y-
aeaiey, eae ooaa?aeaeatho iaeioi?ua enneaaeiaaoaee(*45). Oaeay
eaaeeoeeaoeey i?aaenoaaeyaony neeoeii oneiaiie, iineieue-
eo aianoeoue a i?aai ?anii?yaeaiey (i?aai ii?aaeaeyoue th?e-
aee/aneoth noaeueao eiouanoaa) ana iiiaiia?acea ooieoeee,
auiieiyaiuo oeaio?ii nenoaiu e aeaiiie noa?a, ii/oe ia-
aiciiaeii. Aieueoeinoai ec ieo iiin?aaenoaoaony ii noua-
noao naiinoiyoaeueiuie (ia?yaeo n i?aaii ?anii?yaeaiey)
iieiiii/eyie a ninoaaa onoaiiaeaiiie oeaio?o nenoaiu
eiiiaoaioeee.
Eiouanoaaiiua iieiiii/ey niiiae/eiaiiuo caaiueaa oi-
cyenoaaiiie nenoaiu, iie?aynue ia ?aciua i?aaiaua iniiaa-
iey, oanii naycaiu iaaeaeo niaie e iaania/eaatho inouanoa-
eaiea i?aaa ainoaea?noaaiiie nianoaaiiinoe a ioiioaiee
iaeieo e oao aea eiouanoaaiiuo iauaeoia. Iin?aaeno-
aii ?aaeecaoeee iieiiii/ee oeaio?a nicaeathony iaoa?eaeue-
iua i?aaeiinueee e i/a?/eaathony eiie?aoiua i?aaeaeu
eiouanoaaiiie i?aainoauaeoiinoe i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicye-
noaaiiuo caaiueaa, i?iaiaeeony iianaaeiaaiia ?aaoee?iaaiea
eiouanoaaiiie noa?u iineaaeieo a oeaeyo auiieiaiey iea-
ia eae eaaeaeui ec ieo, oae e nenoaiie a oeaeii. ?aoaiey
oeaio?a aiieiuathony a i?aeoeeo, iauaeoeae?othony a oao
eee eiuo iaoa?eaeueiuo ?acoeueoaoao /a?ac inouanoaeaiea
i?aaei?eyoeyie (i?aaiecaoeeyie) i?aaiii/ee iia?aoeaii-
ai oi?aaeaiey.
?anniao?eaaaiua iieiiii/ey oeaio?a e i?iecaiaenoaai-
ii-oicyenoaaiiuo caaiueaa ia?ac?uaii niaaeeiaiu a i?aai-
aii ?aaeeia eiouanoaa oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu, eioi?iio
naienoaaiiu:
acaeiinaycue iacia/aiey e ?acia?ia eiouanoaaiiuo
oiiaeia niiiae/eiaiiuo i?aaiia;
niioaaonoaea (noueiaea) iieiiii/ee oeacaiiuo i?aa-
iia a ioiioaiee iaeieo e oao aea eiouanoaaiiuo iauaeoia;
aiciiaeiinoue ia?aiauaiey (a onoaiiaeaiiii caeiiii
ii?yaeea) iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia io iaeieo oicyenoaaiiuo
i?aaiia e ae?oaei: ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea i?eauee, iai?ioiuo
n?aaenoa, aii?oecaoeeiiiuo io/eneaiee, iaoa?eaeueiuo oeai-
iinoae i?aaei?eyoee oeaio?ii nenoaiu, io/eneaiea i?aae-
i?eyoeyie n?aaenoa a oeaio?aeeciaaiiua oiiaeu e ?aca?au
e iieo/aiea eie niioaaonoaothueo anneaiiaaiee ec yoeo
enoi/ieeia e o. i.
-31-
Iaiouaieaiui i?eciaeii ethaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoa-
iu yaeyaony oic?an/ao: niinia oicyenoaiaaiey ia ia/aeao
naiioeiaine?iaaiey (*46).
A iniiaa oic?an/aoa nenoaiu eaaeeo oic?an/ao i?aae-
i?eyoey, iineieueeo aac naiioeiaine?iaaiey iineaaeiaai
iaaiciiaeii e naiioeiaine?iaaiea nenoaiu. Oai ia iaiaa
oic?an/ao nenoaiu – ia i?inoia noiie?iaaiea oic?an/a-
oia aa i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiuo caaiueaa, oaea oioy
au iioiio, /oi a nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo aeaeaei ia ana
ooieoeee i?aaei?eyoee a neeo ?yaea i?e/ei (*47) iiaoo auoue
i?ioeiaine?iaaiu ec aai nianoaaiiuo aeioiaeia.
E?oiiua ia?ii?eyoey a iaeanoe iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai
i?ia?anna, eiaanoeoeee, i?e?iaeiiieueciaaiey, ?acaeoey ei-
o?ano?oeoo?u auiinyony ia o?iaaiue aieaa iiuiuo iiae-
?acaeaeaiee yeiiiieee – oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai e oeiai-
ne?othony ec eo n?aaenoa. Ii i?aaiecoaony oaeia naiioe-
iaine?iaaiea eia/a, /ai anee au yoi aeaeaeinue i?aaei?ey-
oeyie – eaaeaeui a ioaeaeueiinoe eee ia aeieaauo ia/aeao.
Oic?an/ao oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu ia iiaeao auoue naa-
aeai e ia?aianaieth ia noa?o aeayoaeueiinoe yoiai ia?aciaa-
iey iiaeaee oic?an/aoa i?aaei?eyoey – ia?ae/iiai caaia
yeiiiieee. I?aaenoaaeyy niaie niaieoiiinoue acaeiinay-
caiiuo i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneeo n?aaenoa, i?eiaiya-
iuo aeey aeinoeaeaiey naiioeiaine?iaaiey nenoaiu, ii
eiaao neiaeioth no?oeoo?o, aeeth/athuoth oic?an/ao eae
iaoiae iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai oicyenoaiaaiey (i?aaiecaoeey na-
iioeiaine?iaaiey nianoaaiiie i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyeno-
aaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe) e oic?an/ao eae iaoiae ?oeiaiaenoaa
(i?aaiecaoeey naiioeiaine?iaaiey i?aaei?eyoee e nenoaiu
a oeaeii).
I?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneea n?aaenoaa, iaoaieci eo
i?eiaiaiey a oii e ae?oaii neo/ayo iaiaeeiaeiau. Ii aeeo-
oa?aioeeaoeey iaoiaeia oic?an/aoa, i?eiaiyaiuo i?iecaiae-
noaaiii-oicyenoaaiiuie caaiueyie e oeaio?ii nenoaiu, ia
oieueei ia eneeth/aao, a iai?ioea i?aaeiieaaaao i?i/ioth
naycue e caaeneiinoue eo a iiaeaee (noaoeea), aeoeaiia acae-
iiaeaenoaea, oaniia ia?aieaoaiea a i?ioeanna ?aaeecaoeee.
Aaaeue neoaeao iie iauae oeaee, iai?aaeaiu ia i?aaiecaoeeth
iaeiie i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe e
eiatho niaianoiue eiia/iue ?acoeueoao: aeinoeaioooth noa-
iaiue naiioeiaine?iaaiey nenoaiu.
Ii?aaeaeyynue ainoaea?noaii e iauaeoeae?oynue a ainoaea?-
noaaiiuo onoaiiaeaieyo, yoe i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/a-
neea n?aaenoaa iieo/atho th?eaee/aneia au?aaeaiea a i?aaao
e iaycaiiinoyo caaiueaa oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu ii oi?ie-
?iaaieth e eniieueciaaieth oeiainiauo ?ano?nia nenoaiu,
-32-
yeiiiie/aneiio noeioee?iaaieth eo/oeo oicyenoaaiiuo
?acoeueoaoia, a caaeneiinoe io o?iaiy eioi?uo nenoaia
i?aaeinoaaeythony ainoaea?noaii oiiiyiooua ?ano?nu.
Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi ?anniio?aiiuie auoa i?eciaea-
ie (noi?iiaie) ia en/a?iuaathony naienoaa io?aneaaie
oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu. Oai ia iaiaa iie yaeythony iaeai-
eaa nouanoaaiiuie a oa?aeoa?enoeea yoeo oicyenoaaiiuo
ia?aciaaiee eae aaaeiaeoeo eioaa?e?iaaiiuo iiae?acaea-
eaiee a noa?a ainoaea?noaaiiiai oicyenoaiaaiey.
Aiaeec oeacaiiuo i?eciaeia (noi?ii) iicaieyao aiai-
?eoue i iaee/ee ii?aaeaeaiiiai aaeeinoaa io?aneaaie oicye-
noaaiiie nenoaiu ia oieueei a i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oaoie/a-
neie (*48), ii e a th?eaee/aneie iaeanoe.
Noaiaiue th?eaee/aneiai aaeeinoaa aeaiiuo ia?aciaaiee,
?aaii eae e au?aaeathuea aa th?eaee/aneea oi?iu, i?yii
e iaiin?aaenoaaiii caeiiii ia ii?aaeaeaiu, a a eeoa?aoo?a
o?aeoothony iaiaeiicia/ii. Ii iiaieth iaeioi?uo o/aiuo,
io?aneaaay oicyenoaaiiay nenoaia ia yaeyaony noauaeoii
i?aaa, iineieueeo aa yeiiiie/aneia e i?aaiaia aaeeinoai ia
aeinoeaaao noaiaie, iaiaoiaeeiie aeey iaeaaeaiey nianoaai-
iie i?aainoauaeoiinoueth (*49). Aeaiiia iiaiea i?aaenoaaeyaony
i?aaeeueiui. Iaeiaei aieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiie yaeyaony
oi/ea c?aiey, /oi ia?aciaaiey oaeiai ?iaea – naiaia?ac-
iua noauaeou i?aaa. Ii i?e yoii iauai e oa?aeoa? eo
i?aainoauaeoiinoe iiieiaaony aanueia ?acii?a/eai. Iaeie
aaoi?u i?eciatho oicyenoaaiioth nenoaio noauaeoii aaeie-
ieno?aoeaiiai e oeiainiaiai i?aaa (*50), ae?oaea – e a?aae-
aeaineiai(*51). Ii iiaieth o?aoueeo, iia yaeyaony naiaia?ac-
iui noauaeoii oicyenoaaiiiai i?aaa, o/anoaoy eeoue a ia-
eioi?uo oicyenoaaiiuo i?aaiioiioaieyo: ii eiouanoao, a
iaeanoe ieaie?iaaiey, eieeaeoeaiiai noeioee?iaaiey
e o. i. (*52). E?iia oiai, iie n/eoatho, /oi oicyenoaaiiua ne-
noaiu aunooiatho
A iainiiaaiea anao i?eaaaeaiiuo noaeaeaiee nnueathony
ia oi, /oi eiaiii nenoaia, a ia aa caaiueyi ia?aiia/aeueii
onoaiaaeeaathony ieaiiaua caaeaiey, e?aaeeoiua e i?i/ea
eeieou, auaeaeythony oiiaeu ia iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneia
niaaaeaiea, athaeaeaoiua anneaiiaaiey e o. i. Iaee/ea eio-
uanoaaiiie i?aainoauaeoiinoe a?aoiaioe?oaony aua e oai,
/oi ethaay oicyenoaaiiay nenoaia eiaao cae?aieaiiia ca
iath eiouanoai, a i?aaiaie oi?iie oaeiai cae?aieaiey
neoaeeo naiaeiue aaeain niioaaonoaothuaai oicyenoaaiiiai
ia?aciaaiey.
I?aaenoaaeyaony iaiainiiaaiiui ioiaeaeanoaeaiea i?aa-
iecaoeeiiii-oaoie/aneiai iiiyoey
ieaiiaiai aeoa, niaea?aeaueony a iai caaeaiee, eeieoia,
ii?iaoeaia iiaeao auoue ethaia nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneia
ia?aciaaiea (iauaeo ieaie?iaaiey). Eiiaaea ei iiaoo
auoue iai?aainoauaeoiua ia?aciaaiey: io?aneue oicyenoaa,
yeiiiie/aneee ?aeii, oa??eoi?eaeueii-i?iecaiaenoaaiiue
eiiieaen, ai?iae, iaeanoue, i?iiuoeaiiue ocae e o. i. Iae-
iaei aae?anao ieaiiauo caaeaiee e iineoaeue i?aa e iaycai-
iinoae, naycaiiuo n auiieiaieai ieaiiaiai caaeaiey, ia
oiaeaeanoaaiiua iiiyoey. Iaiaoiaeeiia e ?aaeueii aeinoeaaa-
iia niioaaonoaea yeiiiie/aneeo e i?aaiauo oi?i ieeiaaea
ia aeinoeaaao eaeaioe/iinoe. Ieaiiaua aeou ia ?aoatho e
ia aeieaeiu ?aoaoue aii?inia i?aainoauaeoiinoe. Niaea?aea-
ueany a ieo ii?iu-caaeaiey, ninoaaeyy ?aciiaeaeiinoue
ii?i niaoeeaeueiiai aeaenoaey, ia yaeythony naiinoiyoaeue-
iie ii?iaoeaiie iniiaie aeey aicieeiiaaiey i?aaiioiioa-
iee. I?e ?aaeaiaioaoeee iauanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee iie
aeaenoaotho a niaieoiiinoe n ?aaoeyoeaiuie (i?aaionoaii-
aeoaeueiuie) ii?iaie(*54), iin?aaenoaii eioi?uo yeiiiie/a-
neea ?aoaiey aieaoathony a i?aaiaoth iaoa?eth. ?aaoeyoea-
iua aea ii?iu aae?anothony caaiueyi nenoaiu, aa oeaio?o, ii
ia nenoaia eae oaeiaie. Yoi icia/aao, /oi iauaeoeaiia
i?aai ia i?eciaao ca iae naienoaa i?aainoauaeoiinoe.
Eeethci?iie i?aaenoaaeyaony e eiouanoaaiiay i?aai-
noauaeoiinoue io?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu. Aaoi?u,
ianoaeaathuea ia iae, niaoeaatho yeiiiie/aneia iainia-
eaiea iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia oicyenoaaiiie aaeeieoeu n
th?eaee/aneei cae?aieaieai eiouanoaa ca noauaeoii. Ie-
eaeie aaeain ia iiaeao auoue i?aaiaie oi?iie oaeiai ca-
e?aieaiey, iineieueeo ii ninoaaeyaony naiie oicyenoaai-
iie aaeeieoeae (aa oeaio?ii) e eeoue ooaa?aeaeaaony auoa-
noiyuei i?aaiii (i. 1-3, 56-58 Iieiaeaiey i aooaaeoa?-
neeo io/aoao e aaeainao, ooaa?aeaeaiiiai iinoaiiaeaieai
Niaaoa Ieieno?ia NNN? io 29 ethiy 1979 a.)(*55). Eae o/ao-
iue aeieoiaio, aaeain eeoue io?aaeaao oaea ninoiyaoaany
cae?aieaiea eiouanoaa, eioi?ia inouanoaeyaony a ii?yaeea
ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa ?anii?yaeeoaeueiuie aeoaie
eiiiaoaioiuo i?aaiia. A oaeea aeou anaaaea aae?anothony
eiie?aoiui oicyenoaaiiui i?aaiai, ii ia nenoaia a oea-
eii.
Niia?aaeaiey i oii, /oi ia?acoaiua ieienoa?noaii
(eiui oeaio?ii oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu) oeaio?aeeciaaiiua
oiiaeu e ?aca?au nicaeathony a iauanenoaiiuo oeaeyo, i?aae-
iacia/aiu oaeiaeaoai?youe iio?aaiinoe nenoaiu a oeaeii.
eniieuecothony a aa eioa?anao e iioiio
-34-
ni?aaaaeeeau. Oeaee, eioa?anu, iio?aaiinoe oeaio?a nenoaiu
ia inoathony ca i?aaeaeaie noa?u aeaenoaey oeacaiiuo oii-
aeia (?aca?aia). Iai?ioea, eo aaaaeaiea a i?aeoeeo oicye-
noaiaaiey aucaaii i?aaeaea anaai iio?aaiinoyie yooaeoea-
iiai ?oeiaiaenoaa i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiui eiiieae-
nii, ioaeaeaaiinoueth oeaio?a nenoaiu a iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?-
nao aeey iaania/aiey naiae oicyenoaaiiie iieeoeee. Aaaeue
oeiaine?iaaiea iauanenoaiiuo ia?ii?eyoee aiciiaeii n
i?eiaiaieai ae?oaeo oi?i, iai?eia?, ia ia/aeao aeieaaiai
o/anoey i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee oicyenoaaiiie ne-
noaiu.
E?iia oiai (yoi aeaaiia e ioiineony ei anai aeiaiaeai,
auaeaeaaaiui a iieueco i?aainoauaeoiinoe io?aneaaie eee
aioo?eio?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu), ia?auaiea
eeoue e nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneei oaeoi?ai (oeaee, iio?aa-
iinoe, eioa?anu e o. i.) ia eiaao aeinoaoi/iie aeieacaoaeue-
noaaiiie neeu a iainiiaaiea i?aainoauaeoiinoe – th?eaee-
/aneiai naienoaa – oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu. Iineaaeiaa
aicieeaao ia naiii?iecaieueii, a neeo oao eee eiuo nioee-
aeueii-yeiiiie/aneeo /a?o eieeaeoeaiiai ia?aciaaiey, ii
i?e iaee/ee niioaaonoaothueo nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneeo
/a?o (i?aaeiinueie), iaeiaei a neeo i?eciaiey ca oeacai-
iui ia?aciaaieai aeaiiiai th?eaee/aneiai naienoaa ni noi-
?iiu ainoaea?noaa n cae?aieaieai yoiai i?eciaiey a ii?-
iao aeaenoaothuaai i?aaa (*57). Anee oaeia i?eciaiea (cae?ai-
eaiea) ionoonoaoao, iao e noauaeoa i?aaa.
Neaaeoao oaeaea ioiaoeoue, /oi eaoaai?ee
acaeiiia iieiaeaiea eeoe (noi?ii) a i?aaiioiioaiee, ia-
i?eaiaeiu aeey au?aaeaiey iauaai niaea?aeaiey (oa?aeoa?a)
i?aainoauaeoiinoe eeoea. Nioeeaeenoe/aneay i?aaiaay ne-
noaia ia ciaao noauaeoia oieueei oi?aaiii/aiiuo eee
oieueei iaycaiiuo. Ecaanoiue oacen E. Ia?ena:
iaiii, eiaao ioiioaiea e ?anniao?eaaaiiio aii?ino(*58).
Oaeei ia?acii, noaeaeaiey i i?aainoauaeoiinoe io?an-
eae (aioo?eio?aneaaie) oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu inoathony
iaaeieacaiiuie, eai ana i?eaiaeeiua a eo iainiiaaiea a?-
aoiaiou ii?iaa?aeeiu. Ia iao acaeyae, iie e iaaeieacoa-
iu, iineieueeo i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiaay oi?ia oicyeno-
aaiiie nenoaiu eneeth/aao i?eaeaiea ae naienoaa noauaeoa
i?aaa. Oicyenoaaiiay nenoaia ia yaeyaony aaeeiie (ionoue
aeaaea neiaeiie) i?aaiecaoeeae, ia eiaao nianoaaiiiai eio-
uanoaa, ioee/iiai e iainiaeaiiiai io eiouanoaa aa
caaiueaa. Iia ia ioaeaeaaony a oii, /oiau io naiaai eiaie
aunooiaoue a i?aaiioiioaieyo.
-35-
Iaee/ea o nenoaiu nianoaaiiie i?aainoauaeoiinoe naea-
eaei au eceeoiae e aeaaea th?eaee/anee iaiauynieiie i?a-
ainoauaeoiinoue aa ?oeiaiaeyuaai i?aaia, a /anoiinoe aai
th?eaee/aneoth ee/iinoue. Iauai?eciaii: anee eieeaeoeaiia
ia?aciaaiea i?aainoauaeoii, iiae?acaeaeaiea, inouanoaeyth-
uaa ?oeiaiaenoai anae aai aeayoaeueiinoueth, i?aaenoaaeythuaa
aai aiaia, anoue i?aai aeaiiiai noauaeoa, ?aaeecothuee i?a-
aa e iaycaiiinoe iineaaeiaai. Iineieueeo aeaenoaey i?aa-
ia – yoi nooue aeaenoaey noauaeoa (*59), oi aeey /aai i?aaio
nianoaaiiay i?aainoauaeoiinoue (ia?yaeo n i?aainoauaeo-
iinoueth eieeaeoeaiiai ia?aciaaiey eae oaeiaiai)? I?aae-
noaaeyaony, /oi ieeaeie iaiaoiaeeiinoe a iae iao, eae iao
oao ?aaeueiuo ioiioaiee, eioi?ua iia aeieaeia auea au
iiin?aaenoaiaaoue. Aiciiaeiu eeoue aeaa aa?eaioa: eeai i?a-
ainoauaeoiia ia?aciaaiea n iai?aainoauaeoiui i?aaiii,
eeai iai?aainoauaeoiia ia?aciaaiea n i?aainoauaeoiui
i?aaiii. Caeiiiaeaoaeue a /anoe io?aneaauo (aioo?eio?an-
eaauo) oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai eca?ae aoi?ie aa?eaio,
aiieia ii?aaaeaiiue eiino?oeoeaii e iaeaieaa oeaeaniia-
?aciue (*60). Iiyoiio iaeuecy i?eciaoue ni?aaaaeeeaui iiaiea
I. E. Eiiyaaa i oii, /oi ionoonoaea o io?aneaauo oicye-
noaaiiuo nenoai i?aa th?eaee/aneiai eeoea (i?aainoauaeo-
iinoue eo a aa?oeeaeueiuo ioiioaieyo ii n/eoaao ianiiiai-
iie) – yoi ioeaea caeiiiaeaoaey, i?ioeai?a/auaa eiaeea
e aeeciaiiui ?aaeeyi ?aoaiea (*61).
Nouanoaoao iiaiea, /oi aia noauaeoa i?aaa nioeeaeueii-
yeiiiie/aneia ia?aciaaiea th?eaee/anee eiaeeooa?aioii.
Iineieueeo oicyenoaaiiay nenoaia noauaeoii i?aaa ia ya-
eyaony, oi iia ia eiaao th?eaee/aneiai niaea?aeaiey: yoi
noaoai yeiiiie/aneee oaiiiai (*62). Aeoiaaony, /oi oaeay ii-
ceoeey aeaeaei ia aacoi?a/ia.
Io?aneaaay oicyenoaaiiay nenoaia – eiiiiiaio iaoa-
iecia nioeeaeenoe/aneiai ainoaea?noaa, i?aaiecaoeeiiiay
oi?ia ainoaea?noaaiiiai oicyenoaiaaiey ia io?aneaaii
o?iaia yeiiiieee, iaania/eaathuay aaeeinoai aeayoaeueiinoe
io?aneaaiai aiia?aoa, iai?aaeaiiinoue aa ia ?aoaiea noiy-
ueo ia?aae io?aneueth caaea/. Eaaeaeay io?aneaaay oicyeno-
aaiiay nenoaia o/?aaeaeaaony ainoaea?noaii. Iii ii?aaea-
eyao aa oeaee e caaea/e, ninoaa e i?aaiecaoeeiiioth no?oeoo-
?o, iaoa?eaeueioth aaco e i?i/ea ?ano?nu, oi?iu e iaoiaeu
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey. Ainoaea?noaaiiay i?e?iaea e ainoaea?no-
aaiiay i?aaiecaoeey io?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu, aa
i?aaeiacia/aiiinoue aeey ?aoaiey ainoaea?noaaiiuo caaea/ ia
aucuaaao niiiaiee. E yoi aeaao iniiaaiea eaaeeoeoee?i-
aaoue aa eae iniaue ainoaea?noaaiiue einoeooo(*63), ooieoeei-
ie?othuee a noa?a ainoaea?noaaiiiai oicyenoaiaaiey e
-36-
iiin?aaeothuee ii?aaeaeaiiue aeae no?oeoo?iuo iiae?acaeaea-
iee – eioaa?e?iaaiiia a ianooaaa io?anee oi?aaeaiey
caaii – iaoaiecia nioeeaeenoe/aneiai ainoaea?noaa.
Eaoaai?ey neiaeiiai caaia (eioaa?e?iaaiiie no?oeoo-
?u (*64)) ainoaea?noaaiiiai iaoaiecia th?eaee/anee enneaaeiaa-
ia iaaeinoaoi/ii. O?aaeeoeeiiiua i?aaenoaaeaiey i iaoaiec-
ia ainoaea?noaa eae nenoaia aai i?aaiia (*65) i?eaioe?iaaee
enneaaeiaaoaeueneee eioa?an ia yoe naiaai ?iaea
aieiaiey e aniaeoo eo aeeooa?aioeeaoeee. Eioaa?aoeeiiiua
i?ioeannu a ainoaea?noaaiiii iaoaiecia, oi?ie?oaiua eie
neiaeiua i?aaiecaoeeiiiua no?oeoo?u inoaaaeenue eae au
iacaia/aiiuie eeai oeene?iaaeenue aneieuecue. Ainoaea?no-
aaiiue iaoaieci eae neiaeiay nenoaia, eioi?ay eeoue a
eiia/iii n/aoa iiaeao auoue ioa?aeoa?eciaaia a ea/anoaa
nenoaiu ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia (ia?ae/iuo eiiiiiai-
oia), a iaiin?aaenoaaiii neeaaeuaaaony ec iiiaeanoaa iiae-
nenoai (aeieia oaeeo i?aaiia) ?aciuo o?iaiae e ?ac-
iiai ninoaaa, ?acee/iie noaiaie neiaeiinoe, ii iaeciaiii
iaeaaeathueo ii?aaeaeaiiuie eioaa?aoeaiuie ea/anoaaie,
ecaanoiie ia?ie oeaeinoiinoe, a ioee/ea io i?inoie niai-
eoiiinoe i?aaiia oiai eee eiiai aeaea, ia/ae enneaaeiaaoue-
ny n?aaieoaeueii iaaeaaii(*66).
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy a iauae oai?ee ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa
aua ia nouanoaoao ioaeaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee eioaa?e?iaai-
iuo no?oeoo? ainoaea?noaaiiiai iaoaiecia. Auneacaiiua
ii aeaiiiio i?aaeiaoo iaeioi?ua iieiaeaiey eiatho iauee
oa?aeoa?. Ii i?iaeaia a iauae oai?ee oaea ioia/aia (*67).
E yoi iaiaeiaaaeii aeey niioaaonoaothueo io?aneaauo ia-
/eiaiee, a oii /enea e aeey eco/aiey th?eaee/aneie niaea?-
aeaoaeueiinoe io?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu (/anoiue
aniaeo oeacaiiie i?iaeaiu).
AEeciaaeayoaeueiinoue io?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu
?aaeaiaioe?oaony i?aaii, i?e/ai aanueia aeaoaeueii, ananoi-
?iiia e i?aeiouanoaaiii eiia?aoeaii. Caeiiiaeaoaeue iiae-
oiaeeo e aeaiiiio i?aaeiaoo ia eae noaoai nioeeaeueii-yeiii-
ie/aneiio yaeaieth, a eae e ainoaea?noaaiiiio einoeoooo
(?aaeueiinoe ainoaea?noaaiiie aeecie, eiiiiiaioo ainoaea?-
noaaiiie iaoa?ee) a yeiiiie/aneie noa?a.
Oeacaiiay ?aaeaiaioaoeey i?iaiaeeony i?eiaieoaeueii a
ninoaaeythuei nenoaio oicyenoaaiiui i?aaiai /a?ac ii?a-
aeaeaiea i?aaiaiai iieiaeaiey iineaaeieo. Ii iiaieth
A. A. ?aoieeiae/a, yoi naeaeaoaeuenoaoao ia ionoonoaee o
nenoaiu i?aaiaiai ea/anoaa, nianoaaiiiai iiin?aaeiaaiey a
-37-
i?aaiaie noa?a (*69). Iaeiaei aeaiiue auaiae iie?aaony oieueei
ia aiaoiea iaaethaeaiey. I?e aieaa oaeoaeaiiii iiaeoiaea
auyaeyaony, /oi i?aaiaie noaoon oiiiyioouo i?aaiia ?an-
n/eoai ia ia eo aaeeie/iia (eciee?iaaiiia) nouanoaiaa-
iea, a ia ooieoeeiie?iaaiea a ninoaaa oicyenoaaiiie ne-
noaiu a ea/anoaa aa caaia, i?eniiniaeaiiiai oeaeaiai?aa-
eaiii e yooaeoeaii aeaenoaiaaoue eeoue a ia?ac?uaiie nay-
ce n ae?oaeie aa caaiueyie. Caeiiiaeaoaeue ia oieueei o/eou-
aaao aioo?enenoaiiia aaeeinoai oicyenoaaiiuo i?aaiia, ii
e cae?aieyao aai iin?aaenoaii ?aaoee?iaaiey i?aaiaiai ii-
eiaeaiey iaeiinenoaiiuo i?aaiia. N iaeiie noi?iiu, ii th?e-
aee/anee ioi?ieyao aioo?enenoaiioth niaoeeaeecaoeeth oi-
cyenoaaiiuo i?aaiia, aeeooa?aioee?oy eo i?aaiaua iiceoeee
eae a aeaeiaii, oae e a eiaeeaeaeoaeueiii ioiioaiee, aeaai-
aea?y /aio i?aaiaay iiaeaeue eaaeaeiai caaia (oicyenoaaiii-
ai i?aaia) ioaa/aao oneiaeyi aai ?aaiou a aeaiiie, a ia
ethaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaia. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, caeiii-
aeaoaeue th?eaee/anee iaania/eaaao iaeiiiai?aaeaiiinoue, ni-
aeaniaaiiinoue, iiae/eiaiea iauanenoaiiui oeaeyi iiaaaea-
iey anao iaeiinenoaiiuo i?aaiia, i?iaiaey iaiaoiaeeioth
noueiaeo eo eiiiaoaioeee, niaaeeiyy oi?iu e iaoiaeu ?a-
aiou, oaycuaay i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe a i?aaiauo i?ioeaaeo-
?ao auiieiaiey neaiciuo ooieoeee. A ?acoeueoaoa iin?aaeno-
aii ii?aaeaeaiey i?aaiaiai iieiaeaiey caaiueaa (oicyeno-
aaiiuo i?aaiia) oi?ie?oaony aaeeiue i?aaiaie ?aaeei io-
?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu. I?aaiaia ?aaoee?iaaiea
aioo?enenoaiiuo ioiioaiee eeoue ia o?iaia oeacaiiiai
?aaeeia, a ia noaoona caaiueaa, ia?aoaao ioiineoaeueioth oea-
einoiinoue.
Ii?aaeaeythuea yoio ?aaeei ii?iu ia?acotho aeinoaoi/ii
onoie/eaoth iauiinoue i?eaycaiiuo e aeaiiiio e?oao ioii-
oaiee e ii?aaeaeaiiui ia?acii niaeaniaaiiuo oicyeno-
aaiii-i?aaiauo i?aaeienaiee, /oi iicaieyao eaaeeoeoee?i-
aaoue aa eae iniaue i?aaiaie einoeooo. Iiin?aaeoy a i?aai-
aie noa?a aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoue oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu, yoio
einoeooo au?aaeaao iniaia th?eaee/aneia aaeeinoai iineaae-
iae, eioi?ia neeaaeuaaaony ia ia aaca noauaeoa, a ia aaca
iauaeoa e ?acaeaaaony a ieineinoe ia i?aaiaiai noaoona, a
i?aaiaiai ?aaeeia. Noaiaiue e oa?aeoa? oaeiai aaeeinoaa ia
o?aaotho nicaeaiey i?aaiecaoeee, ia i?aaeiieaaatho iiyaea-
iey iiaiai noauaeoa i?aaa, ia aeaeoo ?ac?ooaiey i?aaie-
caoeeiiiie oeaeueiinoe e th?eaee/aneie naiinoiyoaeueiinoe,
aoiaeyueo a nenoaio oicyenoaaiiuo i?aaiia. Ii iie io?a-
aeatho e iaoneiaeeaatho oaeea th?eaee/aneea ioiioaiey a
nenoaia, oaeoth no?oeoo?o i?aa e iaycaiiinoae iaeiine-
noaiiuo i?aaiia, i?e eioi?uo eaaeaeay ioaeaeueiay i?aaiaay
-38-
naycue e a iaoa?eaeueiii, e a i?aaiaii niaea?aeaiee ni/ea-
iaia n ae?oaeie, e neoaeeo eo i?aaeiinueeie, i?iaeieaeaieai
eee caaa?oaieai. Aneaaenoaea oeacaiiiai ni/eaiaiey ii
eaaeaeiio ec iai?aaeaiee aeayoaeueiinoe nenoaiu neeaaeuaa-
aony oeaiue i?aaiioiioaiee, ?acai?a/eaathuayny ai a?aia-
ie e ii e?oao eeoe – naiaia?aciue th?eaee/aneee i?ioeann
(i?ioeaaeo?a) auiieiaiey oie eee eiie ooieoeee nenoaiu
aa caaiueyie.
Iinoiyiiue oa?aeoa?, oaniay naycue, ecaanoiay i?aaino-
aaiiinoue, ni?acia?iinoue e iauay oeaeaaay iai?aaeaiiinoue
aioo?enenoaiiuo i?aaiioiioaiee (caaiueaa oeaie) aucuaaao
iiaeeoeeaoeeth i?eiaiyaiuo caeanue o?aaeeoeeiiiuo i?aaiauo
oi?i e iiaeaeae, eioi?ua i?eniinaaeeaathony caeiiiaeaoa-
eai e naiaia?aceth iiin?aaeoaiuo yaeaiee. Niaoeeoeea aio-
o?enenoaiiuo ioiioaiee iaoneiaeeaaao e iiyaeaiea ii-
auo i?aaiauo oi?i, iaecaanoiuo iaaenenoaiiui ioiioa-
ieyi e, eae i?aaeei, iai?eiaieiuo e iei (e oi, e ae?oaia
aoaeao iiae?iaii inaauaii ia eiie?aoiii iaoa?eaea a ii-
neaaeothuai eceiaeaiee). Oaeei ia?acii, i?aaiaie einoe-
ooo oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu, ii?aaeaeyy iauee i?aaiaie ?a-
aeei oaeiai ?iaea no?oeoo?u, oi?ie?oao nin?aaeioi/aiioth
a iae i?aaiaoth iaoa?eth, i?eaeaaay ae /a?ou aaeeinoaa e
naiaia?acey. A yoii e caeeth/aaony th?eaee/aneay niaea?aea-
oaeueiinoue eaoaai?ee oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu.
Oaeia ?aoaiea aii?ina eiaao ii?aaeaeaiiia i?aeoe/a-
neia cia/aiea. Iii i?eaioe?oao caeiiiaeaoaey ia:
oneeaiea aieiaiey e einoeoooo oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu,
aai aeoeaiiio e oeaeaiai?aaeaiiiio ?acaeoeth:
iai?aeiaeiinoue neaaeiaaiey i?e i?aaiaii ?aaoee?iaa-
iee niioaaonoaothueo ioiioaiee iauaeoeaiui caeiiiia?-
iinoyi yoiai einoeoooa, aeeeooaiui oa?aeoa?iuie naieno-
aaie aai i?aaeiaoa – aioo?enenoaiiie oicyenoaaiiie aeay-
oaeueiinoe, inouanoaeyaiie iiiaeanoaii noauaeoia;
iaiaoiaeeiinoue oai?/aneiai iiaeoiaea e au?aaioea e ca-
e?aieaieth i?aaiauo oi?i e iiaeaeae aioo?enenoaiiuo io-
iioaiee, iaania/eaathuaai iaeneiaeueiia niioaaonoaea
ia?auo niaea?aeaieth aoi?uo;
?aoeeiiaeecaoeeth niiniaia i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey
aioo?enenoaiiuo ioiioaiee niia?acii ?aaeeiiiio oa?ae-
oa?o aeaiiiai einoeoooa.
Eae ioia/aeinue auoa, iiea /oi i?aaiaie ?aaeei oicye-
noaaiiie nenoaiu oi?ie?oaony, a iniiaiii, iin?aaenoaii
?aaoee?iaaiey i?aaiaiai noaoona aioo?enenoaiiuo i?aa-
iia. I?aaiaua ?aaeaiaiou (i?ioeaaeo?u) auiieiaiey aieue-
oeinoaa ooieoeee neeaaeuaathony eae au niiioaiii, iiin?a-
aeiaaiii, iooai neiaeaiey iieiiii/ee anao iaeiinenoaiiuo
-39-
i?aaiia ii ii?aaeaeaiiiio iai?aaeaieth eo aeayoaeueiinoe.
Ii oaeie niinia ia yaeyaony iaeeo/oei aeey ?aaoee?iaa-
iey iiiainoauaeoiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Ii ia iiaeao a iieiie
ia?a iaania/eoue iaiaoiaeeiua caeanue aani?iaaeueiinoue, ii-
neaaeiaaoaeueiinoue, niaeaniaaiiinoue, th?eaee/aneoth aa?aioe-
?iaaiiinoue aeaenoaee o/anoieeia. Iieiaeaiea onoaoaeyaony
aua e oai, /oi iieiiii/ey o/anoieeia niioaaonoaothuae
aeayoaeueiinoe – ninoaaiua /anoe oaeiai ?iaea ?aaeaiai-
oia – ?aca?inaiu ii iiiaeanoao ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia (a
ecaanoiie ia?a yoi iaecaaaeii i?e noaooniii ?aaoee?iaa-
iee) e auyaeoue eo a iieiii iauaia a iianaaeiaaiie oicye-
noaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe o?oaeii. A eoiaa ?aaeueiay cia/e-
iinoue oaeeo ?aaeaiaioia i?e anae iaiaoiaeeiinoe iineaae-
ieo aeey i?aeoeee ieacuaaaony cia/eoaeueii ieaea aic-
iiaeiie.
Noaooniia ?aaoee?iaaiea, ?ann/eoaiiia ia aeene?ao-
iinoue i?aaeiaoa, ia iiaeao caiaieoue ooieoeeiiaeueii-i?ioea-
aeo?iie ?aaeaiaioaoeee, iaiin?aaenoaaiii iai?aaeaiiie ia
ia ioaeaeueiia ioiioaiea, a ia i?ioeann ?aaeecaoeee ooie-
oeee. I?aaiaie einoeooo oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu aeieaeai
?acaeaaoueny e niaa?oainoaiaaoueny ca n/ao aieaa oe?ieiai
eniieueciaaiey ooieoeeiiaeueii-i?ioeaaeo?iiai niiniaa ?aao-
ee?iaaiey, ioaa/athuaai oa?aeoa?o yoiai einoeoooa e, eae
iieacuaaao i?aeoeea, ai iiiaeo neo/ayo iaeaieaa oeaeani-
ia?aciiai aeey i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey aioo?enenoaiiuo
ioiioaiee. Ana ooieoeee io?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoa-
iu aeieaeiu auoue iaania/aiu th?eaee/anee aeia?iea/anoaai-
iuie, ii aiciiaeiinoe i?inouie, i?aeoe/anee iaic?eiuie
?aaeaiaioaie (i?ioeaaeo?aie).
Ia iniiaa i?iaaaeaiiiai aiaeeca i?aaenoaaeyaony aic-
iiaeiui aeaoue ?acaa?iooia e th?eaee/anee aieaa /aoeia ii?a-
aeaeaiea io?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu, /ai i?eaaaeai-
iia ?aiaa. Io?aneaaay oicyenoaaiiay nenoaia – yoi neiae-
iia iiae?acaeaeaiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai iaoaiecia, o/?aaeaeaa-
iia ainoaea?noaii a ninoaaa ii?aaeaeaiiiai eiiieaena
i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee e niioaaonoaothuaai auoanoiy-
uaai i?aaia n oeaeueth inouanoaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi-
cyenoaiaaiey a io?aneaaii ianooaaa, aeaenoaothuaa a niio-
aaonoaee n ainoaea?noaaiiui ieaiii ia ia/aeao oic?an/a-
oa e auiieiythuaa naie ooieoeee a aaeeiii i?aaiaii ?a-
aeeia a ii?yaeea ?aaeecaoeee eiiiaoaioeee ninoaaeythueo
yoi iiae?acaeaeaiea oicyenoaaiiuo i?aaiia.
-40-
AEAAA 2
I?AAIAIA IIEIAEAIEA CAAIUeAA
IO?ANEAAIE OICssENOAAIIIE NENOAIU ONN?
Eiiiaoaioeey oeaio?ia
io?aneaauo oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai ONN?
?oeiaiaenoai io?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiie ino-
uanoaeyao oeaio?aeueiue io?aneaaie i?aai oicyenoaaiiiai>
?oeiaiaenoaa – ieienoa?noai, aaaeiinoai, ainoaea?noaaiiue
eiieoao ONN? (*1). I?aaenoaaeyy ?acee/iua i?aaiecaoeeiiii-
i?aaiaua oi?iu, iaeaaeay iaiaeeiaeiaui i?aaiaui noaoo-
nii, yoe i?aaiu eae oeaio?u oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai eiatho
aiaeiae/iua i?aaiaua iiceoeee, /oi i?iaeeeoiaaii iaueie
iauaeoeaiuie iniiaaie ?oeiaiaenoaa oicyenoaaiiie io-
?aneueth(*2).
I?aaiaay i?e?iaea oicyenoaaiiiai ieienoa?noaa a ee-
oa?aoo?a o?aeooaony iaiaeiicia/ii. Ii iiaieth iaeieo aaoi-
?ia, iia anaoeaei en/a?iuaaaony eaaeeoeeaoeeae aai eae
oeaio?aeueiiai i?aaia ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey, iaii-
n?aaenoaaiii au?aaeathuaai iauaainoaea?noaaiiua eioa?a-
nu. O?aeoiaea aea a ea/anoaa oeaio?a oicyenoaaiiie nenoa-
iu, – iieaaatho iie, – ia oieueei eneaaeaao i?e?iaeo yoiai
i?aaia, iai?aaeeueii oa?aeoa?ecoao aai iacia/aiea, ii e
nicaeaao ii/ao aeey aaaeiinoaaiiie eciee?iaaiiinoe, i?aaa-
ee?iaaiey io?aneaaiai eioa?ana iaae iauaainoaea?noaai-
iui, i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiey oicyenoaaiiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa ii-
eeoe/aneiio e o. i. (*3).
A i?aaenoaaeaiee ae?oaeo aaoi?ia oicyenoaaiiia ieie-
noa?noai anoue eeoue i?aai oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu, aa ?oei-
aiaeyuee oeaio?, i?ecaaiiue au?aaeaoue e iaania/eaaoue aa-
nianoaaiiua eioa?anu (*4).
O?aouey oi/ea c?aiey ninoieo a oii, /oi oicyenoaaiiia
ieienoa?noai aunooiaao n iaeiie noi?iiu, eae i?aai nenoa-
iu, aeaenoaothuee a aa eioa?anao, a n ae?oaie – (iaeiia?a-
iaiii) eae i?aai oi?aaeaiey io?aneueth oicyenoaa, iaania-
/eaathuee niaethaeaiea eioa?ania ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa, ne-
noaiu e aa caaiueaa. I?e/ai oeacaiiua naienoaa iiieiatho-
ny eae iaeiiii?yaeeiaua, nouanoaothuea ia?yaeo e ia?ae-
eaeueii, aeaenoaothuea eaaeaeia a naiae noa?a (*5).
I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi ana yoe o?aeoiaee oa?aeoa?ecotho-
ny neeoeii ioaea/aiiui aeey oeaeae aeaiiiai aiaeeca iiie-
iaieai i?aaia ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey. I?aai aino-
aea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey – yoi oai?aoe/aneia iaiauaiea,
eaeaaeueiay iiaeaeue. A ?aaeueiie aeecie nouanoaotho ia i?-
-41-
aaiu ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey aiiaua, a eiie?aoiua
i?aaiu ii?aaeaeaiiiai iacia/aiey.
Oicyenoaaiiia ieienoa?noai nicaeaaony ainoaea?noaii
aeey ?oeiaiaenoaa oicyenoaaiiie io?aneueth. A aicieeathuae
oaeei ia?acii oicyenoaaiiie nenoaia iii i?aaeiacia/aii
auoue aa i?aaiecothuei oeaio?ii. Yoei ii?aaeaeyaony oa?ae-
oa? e iniiaiia niaea?aeaiea aai aeayoaeueiinoe, eiiiaoaioeey
e iaoiaeu ?aaiou, ii?yaeie nicaeaiey, ?ai?aaiecaoeee e eee-
aeaeaoeee. I?eiaieoaeueii e oicyenoaaiiiio ieienoa?noao
eaoaai?ey i?aaia ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey a ea/anoaa
oeaio?a oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu i?eia?aoaao nioeeaeueii-yei-
iiie/aneoth e i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiaoth ii?aaeaeaiiinoue.
Yoi iaiouaieaiua yeaiaiou iaeiiai niaea?aeaiey.
Iaeuecy niaeaneoueny e n oaeaiaieai nouiinoe oicyeno-
aaiiiai ieienoa?noaa: e i?aai nenoaiu – i?aaenoaaeoaeue
aa eioa?ania, e i?aai ainoaea?noaa, yaeythueeny i?iaiaeie-
eii iauaainoaea?noaaiiuo eioa?ania. I?e/ai ia oieueei a
neeo i?eaaaeaiiuo auoa niia?aaeaiee, ii aua e iioiio, /oi
oaeie aeoaeeci ia aeaao iaiaoiaeeiie iniiau aeey ?ac?aoa-
iey ?aaeueiuo i?ioeai?a/ee iaaeaeo oeacaiiuie eioa?a-
naie.
Ia iao acaeyae, ieienoa?noai eae oeaio?aeueiue io?an-
eaaie i?aai ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey aunooiaao ia
oieueei a ae?oaeo noa?ao, eae iieaaatho noi?iiieee yoie
iiceoeee, ii i?aaeaea anaai i?e ?aaeecaoeee iniiaiiai naiaai
iacia/aiey – auoue oeaio?ii io?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie ne-
noaiu. Nicaeaiiia aeey iianaaeiaaiiai e ananoi?iiiaai ?oei-
aiaenoaa oicyenoaaiiie io?aneueth, iii ia iiaeao auiieieoue
yoie caaea/e a eaeii-eeai eiii ea/anoaa, i?eieiay ai aie-
iaiea ianoi e ?ieue io?anee a no?oeoo?a ia?iaeiiai oicye-
noaa e iaoaiecia ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa yeiii-
ieeie.
Aeaenoaoy ii ii?o/aieth ainoaea?noaa e a i?aaeaeao onoa-
iiaeaiiuo ei iieiiii/ee, oicyenoaaiiia ieienoa?noai
i?ecaaii ?oeiaiaeeoue io?aneaaui i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicye-
noaaiiui eiiieaenii oaeei ia?acii, /oiau iaania/eaaa-
iua ei iio?aaiinoe iauanoaa oaeiaeaoai?yeenue iaeaieaa
iieii n iaeiaiueoeie cao?aoaie, /oiau yenieoaoe?oaiia
oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiie ainoaea?noaaiiia eiouanoai en-
iieueciaaeinue iaeneiaeueii yooaeoeaii. Eiaiii a yoii ni-
noieo ainoaea?noaaiiue eioa?an ia aeaiiii o/anoea oicye-
noaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa e i?iaiaeieeii aai yaeyaony
ieienoa?noai. Iaeiaei a nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo ii iiaeao
auoue aeinoeaioo eeoue i?e oneiaee o/aoa yeiiiie/aneeo
eioa?ania eieeaeoeaia i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee e i?a-
aeeueiiai ni/aoaiey eo a i?ioeanna ?oeiaiaenoaa n oeacaiiui
-42-
ainoaea?noaaiiui eioa?anii i?e ii?aaeaeythuae ?iee ii-
neaaeiaai. Iaania/eaay oaeia ni/aoaiea iin?aaenoaii i?e-
iaiaiey a i?aaeaeao i?aaeinoaaeaiiuo iieiiii/ee yeiii-
ie/aneeo ?u/aaia e i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo n?aaenoa, ieienoa?-
noai ?aaeecoao ainoaea?noaaiiue eioa?an.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, o oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu e aa oeaio?a-
ieienoa?noaa iao e in iiaeao auoue ieeaeiai ae?oaiai eioa-
?ana, e?iia ainoaea?noaaiiiai (*6). Iiyoiio auaeaeaeaiea eiuo
eioa?ania nenoaiu, ioee/iuo io ainoaea?noaaiiuo, iaii?aa-
aeaiii, a iie?athuayny ia yoe i?aaeiieaaaaiua eioa?anu
eiino?oeoeey ieienoa?noaa – i?aaia nenoaiu eae /aai-oi
ioee/iiai io i?aaia ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey eeoa-
ia iniiaaiee.
I?aaeiacia/aiiia inouanoaeyoue ananoi?iiiaa ?oeiaiae-
noai ii?o/aiiie io?aneueth eae aaeeiui oeaeui e aoaeo/e
ioaaonoaaiiui ca aa ninoiyiea, ?acaeoea e aeinoeaaaiua
oicyenoaaiiua ?acoeueoaou, ieienoa?noai i?ecaaii ?aoaoue
i?aaeaea anaai iauea, ea?aeeiaeueiua aii?inu aeeciaaeayoaeue-
iinoe nenoaiu, ii?aaeaeyoue no?aoaaeth aa ?acaeoey. Yoi, a
/anoiinoe, aii?inu oaoie/aneie e eiaanoeoeeiiiie iieeoe-
ee, iioeiecaoeee iauaiia e oeo/oaiey ea/anoaa i?iaeoe-
oeee, ?aaio, oneoa; niaa?oainoaiaaiey no?oeoo?u io?anee
e iaoaiecia oi?aaeaiey iineaaeiae, aiaae?aiey e niaa?-
oainoaiaaiey io?aneaaiai oic?an/aoa, ?aoeeiiaeecaoeee
aioo?enenoaiiuo oicyenoaaiiuo naycae, iaania/aiey nenoa-
iu iaiaoiaeeiuie eaae?aie e ae?. (i. 17 iinoaiiaeaiey OeE
EINN e Niaaoa Ieieno?ia NNN? io 2 ia?oa 1973 a. )(*7).
Iauaio?aneaaie oa?aeoa? oeacaiiuo ooieoeee, iniaay
cia/eiinoue aeey ?acaeoey nenoaiu a oeaeii, ia?niaeoeaiay
(aeieaia?aiaiiay) iai?aaeaiiinoue i?aaeii?aaeaeytho eii-
oeaio?aoeeth eo ia o?iaia oeaio?a io?aneaaie nenoaiu, i?a-
?iaaoeao ieienoa?noaa a ?aoaiee niioaaonoaothueo aii?i-
nia. Ieeaeei eiui caaiii nenoaiu iie ia iiaoo auoue au-
iieiaiu oniaoii.
Iiieii iacaaiiuo ooieoeee iauaio?aneaaiai ?oeiaiae-
noaa, ieienoa?noai inouanoaeyao iaiin?aaenoaaiiia ?oei-
aiaenoai iiae/eiaiiuie aio i?aaei?eyoeyie e iauaaeeiaiey-
ie. Iii onoaiaaeeaaao ei ieaiiaua caaeaiey ii ii?aaeaeai-
iiio e?oao iieacaoaeae, ieaiiaua eeieou e ii?iaoeau,
?oeiaiaeeo ?ac?aaioeie eie naieo i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicye-
noaaiiuo ieaiia, a neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe eciaiyao onoa-
iiaeaiiua ?aiaa caaeaiey, ?ani?aaeaeyao e ia?a?ani?aaea-
eyao oiiaeu ia iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneia niaaaeaiea, eeie-
ou oeiaine?iaaiey e e?aaeeoiaaiey, i?aaiecoao nauo i?i –
-43-
aaiu ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey aiiaua, a eiie?aoiua
i?aaiu ii?aaeaeaiiiai iacia/aiey.
Oicyenoaaiiia ieienoa?noai nicaeaaony ainoaea?noaii
aeey ?oeiaiaenoaa oicyenoaaiiie io?aneueth. A aicieeathuae
oaeei ia?acii oicyenoaaiiie nenoaia iii i?aaeiacia/aii
auoue aa i?aaiecothuei oeaio?ii. Yoei ii?aaeaeyaony oa?ae-
oa? e iniiaiia niaea?aeaiea aai aeayoaeueiinoe, eiiiaoaioeey
e iaoiaeu ?aaiou, ii?yaeie nicaeaiey, ?ai?aaiecaoeee e eee-
aeaeaoeee. I?eiaieoaeueii e oicyenoaaiiiio ieienoa?noao
eaoaai?ey i?aaia ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey a ea/anoaa
oeaio?a oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu i?eia?aoaao nioeeaeueii-yei-
iiie/aneoth e i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiaoth ii?aaeaeaiiinoue.
Yoi iaiouaieaiua yeaiaiou iaeiiai niaea?aeaiey.
Iaeuecy niaeaneoueny e n oaeaiaieai nouiinoe oicyeno-
aaiiiai ieienoa?noaa: e i?aai nenoaiu – i?aaenoaaeoaeue
aa eioa?ania, e i?aai ainoaea?noaa, yaeythueeny i?iaiaeie-
eii iauaainoaea?noaaiiuo eioa?ania. I?e/ai ia oieueei a
neeo i?eaaaeaiiuo auoa niia?aaeaiee, ii aua e iioiio, /oi
oaeie aeoaeeci ia aeaao iaiaoiaeeiie iniiau aeey ?ac?aoa-
iey ?aaeueiuo i?ioeai?a/ee iaaeaeo oeacaiiuie eioa?a-
naie.
Ia iao acaeyae, ieienoa?noai eae oeaio?aeueiue io?an-
eaaie i?aai ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey aunooiaao ia
oieueei a ae?oaeo noa?ao, eae iieaaatho noi?iiieee yoie
iiceoeee, ii i?aaeaea anaai i?e ?aaeecaoeee iniiaiiai naiaai
iacia/aiey – auoue oeaio?ii io?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie ne-
noaiu. Nicaeaiiia aeey iianaaeiaaiiai e ananoi?iiiaai ?oei-
aiaenoaa oicyenoaaiiie io?aneueth, iii ia iiaeao auiieieoue
yoie caaea/e a eaeii-eeai eiii ea/anoaa, i?eieiay ai aie-
iaiea ianoi e ?ieue io?anee a no?oeoo?a ia?iaeiiai oicye-
noaa e iaoaiecia ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa yeiii-
ieeie.
Aeaenoaoy ii ii?o/aieth ainoaea?noaa e a i?aaeaeao onoa-
iiaeaiiuo ei iieiiii/ee, oicyenoaaiiia ieienoa?noai
i?ecaaii ?oeiaiaeeoue io?aneaaui i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicye-
noaaiiui eiiieaenii oaeei ia?acii, /oiau iaania/eaaa-
iua ei iio?aaiinoe iauanoaa oaeiaeaoai?yeenue iaeaieaa
iieii n iaeiaiueoeie cao?aoaie, /oiau yenieoaoe?oaiia
oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiie ainoaea?noaaiiia eiouanoai en-
iieueciaaeinue iaeneiaeueii yooaeoeaii. Eiaiii a yoii ni-
noieo ainoaea?noaaiiue eioa?an ia aeaiiii o/anoea oicye-
noaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa e i?iaiaeieeii aai yaeyaony
ieienoa?noai. Iaeiaei a nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo ii iiaeao
auoue aeinoeaioo eeoue i?e oneiaee o/aoa yeiiiie/aneeo
eioa?ania eieeaeoeaia i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee e i?a-
aeeueiiai ni/aoaiey eo a i?ioeanna ?oeiaiaenoaa n oeacaiiui
-42-
ainoaea?noaaiiui eioa?anii i?e ii?aaeaeythuae ?iee ii-
neaaeiaai. Iaania/eaay oaeia ni/aoaiea iin?aaenoaii i?e-
iaiaiey a i?aaeaeao i?aaeinoaaeaiiuo iieiiii/ee yeiii-
ie/aneeo ?u/aaia e i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo n?aaenoa, ieienoa?-
noai ?aaeecoao ainoaea?noaaiiue eioa?an.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, o oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu e aa oeaio?a-
ieienoa?noaa iao e ia iiaeao auoue ieeaeiai ae?oaiai eioa-
?ana, e?iia ainoaea?noaaiiiai (*6). Iiyoiio auaeaeaeaiea eiuo
eioa?ania nenoaiu, ioee/iuo io ainoaea?noaaiiuo, iaii?aa-
aeaiii, a iie?athuayny ia yoe i?aaeiieaaaaiua eioa?anu
eiino?oeoeey ieienoa?noaa – i?aaia nenoaiu eae /aai-oi
ioee/iiai io i?aaia ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey eeoa-
ia iniiaaiee.
I?aaeiacia/aiiia inouanoaeyoue ananoi?iiiaa ?oeiaiae-
noai ii?o/aiiie io?aneueth eae aaeeiui oeaeui e aoaeo/e
ioaaonoaaiiui ca aa ninoiyiea, ?acaeoea e aeinoeaaaiua
oicyenoaaiiua ?acoeueoaou, ieienoa?noai i?ecaaii ?aoaoue
i?aaeaea anaai iauea, ea?aeeiaeueiua aii?inu aeeciaaeayoaeue-
iinoe nenoaiu, ii?aaeaeyoue no?aoaaeth aa ?acaeoey. Yoi, a
/anoiinoe, aii?inu oaoie/aneie e eiaanoeoeeiiiie iieeoe-
ee, iioeiecaoeee iauaiia e oeo/oaiey ea/anoaa i?iaeoe-
oeee, ?aaio, oneoa: niaa?oainoaiaaiey no?oeoo?u io?anee
e iaoaiecia oi?aaeaiey iineaaeiae, aiaae?aiey e niaa?-
oainoaiaaiey io?aneaaiai oic?an/aoa, ?aoeeiiaeecaoeee
aioo?enenoaiiuo oicyenoaaiiuo naycae, iaania/aiey nenoa-
iu iaiaoiaeeiuie eaae?aie e ae?. (i. 17 iinoaiiaeaiey OeE
EINN e Niaaoa Ieieno?ia NNN? io 2 ia?oa 1973 a. )(*7).
Iauaio?aneaaie oa?aeoa? oeacaiiuo ooieoeee, iniaay
cia/eiinoue aeey ?acaeoey nenoaiu a oeaeii, ia?niaeoeaiay
(aeieaia?aiaiiay) iai?aaeaiiinoue i?aaeii?aaeaeytho eii-
oeaio?aoeeth eo ia o?iaia oeaio?a io?aneaaie nenoaiu, i?a-
?iaaoeao ieienoa?noaa a ?aoaiee niioaaonoaothueo aii?i-
nia. Ieeaeei eiui caaiii nenoaiu iie ia iiaoo auoue au-
iieiaiu oniaoii.
Iiieii iacaaiiuo ooieoeee iauaio?aneaaiai ?oeiaiae-
noaa, ieienoa?noai inouanoaeyao iaiin?aaenoaaiiia ?oei-
aiaenoai iiae/eiaiiuie aio i?aaei?eyoeyie e iauaaeeiaiey-
ie. Iii onoaiaaeeaaao ei ieaiiaua caaeaiey ii ii?aaeaeai-
iiio e?oao iieacaoaeae, ieaiiaua eeieou e ii?iaoeau,
?oeiaiaeeo ?ac?aaioeie eie naieo i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oiyye-
noaaiiuo ieaiia, a neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe eciaiyao onoa-
iiaeaiiua ?aiaa caaeaiey, ?ani?aaeaeyao e ia?a?ani?aaea-
eyao oiiaeu ia iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneia niaaaeaiea, eeie-
ou oeiaine?iaaiey e e?aaeeoiaaiey, i?aaiecoao nauo i?i-
-43-
ecaaaeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee, ?aoaao aii?inu ?annoaiiaee ?oei-
aiaeyueo eaae?ia e o. ae.
Ooieoeee iauaai e iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa
oanii naycaiu iaaeaeo niaie. Anee ia?aua niiauatho aoi-
?ui iaiaoiaeeioth oeaeaiai?aaeaiiinoue, oi aoi?ua neoaeao
n?aaenoaii ?aaeecaoeee ia?auo, iaania/eaatho ia?aaiae no?a-
oaae/aneeo onoaiiaie ieienoa?noaa a eiie?aoiua iaycai-
iinoe eo eniieieoaeae.
A iao/iie eeoa?aoo?a iineaaeieo eao aeiaieueii aeoeaii
auneacuaaaony iuneue i iaiaoiaeeiinoe inaiaiaeeoue oicye-
noaaiiua ieienoa?noaa io inouanoaeaiey iaiin?aaenoaaiii-
ai ?oeiaiaenoaa i?aaei?eyoeyie e i?aaiecaoeeyie eee, ii
e?aeiae ia?a, naanoe aai e ieieioio, iineieueeo, ii iia-
ieth aaoi?ia aeaiiuo i?aaeeiaeaiee, auiieiaiea iia?aoea-
iuo ooieoeee oneiaeiyao ?aaioo ieienoa?noaa, nieaeaao aa
yooaeoeaiinoue. Ii yoei i?aaenoaaeaieyi, ?aoaiea caaea/e
naiaeeony eeoue e oiio, /oiau aeoeaiaa eniieueciaaoue aic-
iiaeiinoe i?iiaaeooi/iuo i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey, oe?a
i?aeoeeiaaoue ia?aaea/o iia?aoeaiuo ooieoeee io oeaio?a e
ieaeanoiyuei caaiueyi (*8).
Aaconeiaii, ?aoeeiiaeueiia ?ani?aaeaeaiea ooieoeee a io-
?aneaaie oicyenoaaiiie nenoaia – i/aiue aaaeiay e iaio-
eiaeiay caaea/a. Aii?inu aeieaeiu ?aoaoueny ia oii o?ia-
ia, a oii oicyenoaaiiii caaia, aaea iie iiaoo auoue ?aoaiu
iaeaieaa yooaeoeaii. E eiathueany caeanue ?aca?au aeaeaei
ia en/a?iaiu. Ii yoi ia ?aaiicia/ii inaiaiaeaeaieth io-
?aneaaiai oeaio?a io iia?aoeaiuo ooieoeee.
Inaiaiaeea ieienoa?noai io iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai ?oeiaiae-
noaa i?aaei?eyoeyie e i?aaiecaoeeyie (i?e yoii iu ee-
oaai aai iaiaoiaeeiuo i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiauo n?aaenoa
?aaeecaoeee naiae no?aoaaee), iu aeieaeiu inaiaiaeeoue aai
e io ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca ?acoeueoaou ?aaiou io?anee. Yoi
aoaeao oaea ia ieienoa?noai, a nei?aa i?aai ooieoeeiiaeue-
iiai ?oeiaiaenoaa, aiaeiae/iue i?iecaiaenoaaiiui eiie-
oaoai, eioi?ua nouanoaiaaee a ia?eiae oi?aaeaiey i?i-
iuoeaiiinoueth /a?ac nenoaio niaia?oicia. Eia/a aiai?y,
iu aoaeai eiaoue nianai eioth i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiaoth
oi?io, aeinoieinoaa eioi?ie, o/eouaay iiuo aa i?eiaia-
iey a iaaeaaiai i?ioeii, niiieoaeueiu, a iaaeinoaoee aan-
nii?iu.
Yoei, iaeiaei, ia en/a?iuaathony i?aeoe/aneea iineaae-
noaey i?aaeeaaaaiuo iiaaoeee. Oaeea i?aia?aciaaiey i?aa-
iecaoeeiiii-i?aaiaie oi?iu iuiaoieo oeaio?ia oicyeno-
aaiiuo io?aneae auaiaeyo oeaio?aeueiua i?aaiu ca i?aaeaeu
oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai. Iineaaeiea ii nouanoao aeaiiioe-
?othony. Oicyenoaaiiay io?aneue ia?anoaao auoue aaeeiui
-44-
iiae?acaeaeaieai a i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?a yeiiiieee,
?aniaaeaaony ia neaai iaaeaeo niaie naycaiiua e a cia/e-
oaeueiie ia?a i?aaeinoaaeaiiua naiei naaa nenoaiu aieaa
ieceiai o?iaiy (oicyenoaaiiua iauaaeeiaiey) e aaoiiii-
iua i?aaei?eyoey. Oaeay ia?ano?ieea a oneiaeyo iaoae
yeiiiieee iiaeao i?eaanoe e nieaeaieth oi?aaeyaiinoe ia-
?iaeiiai oicyenoaa.
Eiia aeaei – ?aoeeiiaeecaoeey noa?u iia?aoeaiie aeay-
oaeueiinoe oicyenoaaiiuo ieienoa?noa, a oii /enea e no-
aeaiea e?oaa niioaaonoaothueo ooieoeee. Iineaaeiaa e aea-
eaoaeueii, e aiciiaeii, oioy ia a noieue cia/eoaeueiie ia?a
e ia oae i?inoi, eae yoi eiiaaea i?aaenoaaeyaony. Ia?niae-
oeau, ioe?uaaaiua caeanue ?acaeoeai naoe oicyenoaaiiuo
iauaaeeiaiee, ?aaii eae e ia?aaea/ae iieiiii/ee io oeaio?a
e ieaeanoiyuei caaiueyi, i?aoaaee/aiu.
Ai-ia?auo, aeaeaei ia ana i?aaei?eyoey ?ani?aaeaeaiu
iaaeaeo oicyenoaaiiuie iauaaeeiaieyie. Iiiaea ec ieo
inoathony a iaiin?aaenoaaiiii aaaeaiee ieienoa?noa. Ii ia-
?a aeaeueiaeoae eiioeaio?aoeee i?iecaiaenoaa, oe?oiiaiey e
?acaeoey i?aaei?eyoee /enei eo aoaeao oaaee/eaaoueny, ii-
neieueeo aeaocaaiiay nenoaia oi?aaeaiey inoaaony iaeaieaa
aeaeaoaeueiie. A yoi i?aaeiieaaaao ?anoe?aiea e noa?u
aeaenoaey, e e?oaa iia?aoeaiuo ooieoeee ieienoa?noaa (*9).
Ai-aoi?uo, ieienoa?noai aeieaeii ?oeiaiaeeoue naieie
oicyenoaaiiuie iauaaeeiaieyie. E?oa auiieiyaiuo i?e
yoii iia?aoeaiuo ooieoeee aeinoaoi/ii oe?ie.
Nicaeaiea oicyenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee, e ia?aaea/a io-
aeaeueiuo iieiiii/ee ieaeanoiyuei caaiueyi ?anoe?yao
noa?o eiio?ieueiuo ooieoeee ieienoa?noaa – aeayoaeueiinoe
iia?aoeaiie, a ia no?aoaae/aneie. Iiyoiio neaaeoao aiai-
?eoue ia eciaiaiee oi?i ?aaeecaoeee iia?aoeaiuo ooieoeee
ieienoa?noaa, a ia i nie?auaiee eo iauaia. Aii?in ia
iia?aoeaiuo ooieoeeyo oanii naycai n i?iaeaiie eniieue-
ciaaiey i?eioeeiia oic?an/aoa a aeayoaeueiinoe oicyenoaai-
iuo ieienoa?noa, iineieueeo ii?aaeaeaiiay ia?a iia?aoea-
iie naiinoiyoaeueiinoe – iaiaoiaeeiia oneiaea oic?an/ao-
iiai oicyenoaiaaiey.
Eniieueciaaiea oeacaiiuo i?eioeeiia, ia?aaeei eiaioa-
iia oi?aaeai/aneei oic?an/aoii, aiana ia i?aaeiieaaaao
iiiuoie (*10). Ie iaoea,
ie i?aeoeea ia aeatho iniiaaiee aeey ia?aniio?a i?aaenoaa-
eaiee i iaiin?aaenoaaiii-iauanoaaiiii oa?aeoa?a ainoaea?-
noaaiiiai oicyenoaaiiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa e iai?eiaieiinoe
caeanue oiaa?iie oi?iu, yeaeaaeaioii-aiciacaeiuo naycae.
-45-
Ia?auaiea e oiaa?iui, eiiia?/aneei e?eoa?eyi eae i?e
io?eoeaiee (*11), oae e aeey iainiiaaiey(*12) oi?aaeai/aneiai oic-
?an/aoa, ia eiaao neeu, aaniieacii aaeaeo yaiie iai?eei-
aeeiinoe yoeo e?eoa?eaa e i?aaeiaoo enneaaeiaaiey.
Oi?aaeai/aneee oic?an/ao eiaao eiia niaea?aeaiea.
Yoi – iaoiae ?oeiaiaenoaa oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiie. Ii-
neieueeo iaaeaeo i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeue-
iinoueth e oicyenoaaiiui ?oeiaiaenoaii ia nouanoaoao oiae-
aeanoaa, oi aai ia iiaeao auoue e iaaeaeo oi?aaeai/aneei
oic?an/aoii e oic?an/aoii i?aaei?eyoey.
Oai?ey oic?an/aoa eae iaoiaea oicyenoaaiiiai ?oeiaiae-
noaa ?ac?aaioaia aanueia neaai e, a iniiaiii, ia?aie/e-
aaaony iainiiaaieai aai iaiaoiaeeiinoe e aiaeecii io-
aeaeueiuo i?iyaeaiee. Iaeioi?ua aaoi?u, eiinoaoe?oy a
iauai aeaea iiieiaiea oic?an/aoa eae iaoiaea ?oeiaiaenoaa
oicyenoaii (ia?yaeo n ae?oaeie niuneiauie cia/aieyie
yoiai oa?ieia), eae au caauaatho i iai, eanaynue aii?ina
ia oi?aaeai/aneii oic?an/aoa e ?anniao?eaay iineaaeiee
a ieaia oiaa?iie oi?iu, yeaeaaeaioii-aiciacaeiuo ioii-
oaiee. A ioaeeeaoeeyo iineaaeieo eao i?e yoii iau/ii
ioia/aaony, /oi nouanoaoao ia oic?an/ao i?aaiia oi?aa-
eaiey, a oic?an/ao oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai (*13). Iaeiaei /oi
iineaaeiee ec naay i?aaenoaaeyao, /ai ioee/aaony io oic?an-
/aoa i?aaei?eyoey eee i?inoie noiiu oic?an/aoia – oaeea
aii?inu caeanue, eae i?aaeei, ia noaayony. Ii eiaiii a ?a-
oaiee yoeo aii?inia nouiinoue i?iaeaiu oic?an/aoa e oi-
cyenoaaiiie nenoaiu, e aicaeaaeythuaai aa i?aaia, eai yoi
yaeaiey ia?anoi?aeeiua. Oi?aaeai/aneee oic?an/ao ia ii-
aeao nouanoaiaaoue aac oic?an/aoa nenoaiu, e oic?an/ao
nenoaiu iaaiciiaeai aac oic?an/aoa aicaeaaeythuaai aa
i?aaia.
Neoaea oeaeyi ?aaeecaoeee iauaeoeaiie caeiiiia?iinoe
naiiieoiaaiinoe nioeeaeenoe/aneiai oicyenoaiaaiey, oi-
?aaeai/aneee oic?an/ao eiaao naiei niaea?aeaieai i?aaie-
caoeeth naiiieoiaaiinoe nenoaiu ia iniiaa e a i?aaeaeao
ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiiai ieaia (naiioeiaine?iaaiea). Ii
i?aaeiieaaaao i?aaeaea anaai iniaue iiaeoiae (*14) e ?aoaieth
caaea/ oi?aaeaiey nenoaiie – n iiceoeee iaania/aiey aa
naiioeiaine?iaaiey. A yoii niunea (eae i?eioeei oicye-
noaaiiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa) ii i?iiecuaaao anth aeayoaeueiinoue
io?aneaaiai oeaio?a, ii nouanoao neeaaaony n iaoaieciii
oi?aaeaiey io?aneueth, acyoui iiae oaeii c?aiey aa naii-
oeiaine?iaaiey.
Ii icia/aao oaeaea i?eiaiaiea niaoeeaeueiuo i?aaieca-
oeeiiiuo n?aaenoa, iaiin?aaenoaaiii ianeoaeeaathueo i?aa-
iecaoeeth naiioeiaine?iaaiey nenoaiu. E?oa yoeo n?aaenoa
-46-
ioaaouaaao i?aaiecaoeeth oeiainia nenoaiu a ?aaeeia aa
naiiieoiaaiinoe ia iniiaa ieaia e a caaeneiinoe io aai
auiieiaiey (naiioeiaine?iaaiea), a oaeaea oi?ie?iaa-
iea e eniieueciaaiea io?aneaaiai iaoaiecia yeiiiie/anei-
ai noeioee?iaaiey iioeiaeueiuo ?acoeueoaoia ?aaiou ne-
noaiu, iaania/eaathueo aa ooieoeeiie?iaaiea ia ia/aeao
naiioeiaine?iaaiey.
Iaa yoe iai?aaeaiey oanii naycaiu. Ieaie?oy n o/a-
oii iaiaoiaeeiinoe oicyenoaiaaiey
iiaa onoaiiaeaiiuo naa?oo iieacaoaeae e ii?iaoeaia oe-
iainiaoth aaco nenoaiu, iia?aoeaii ?aaoee?oy oeiainiaia-
ninoiyiea i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee, a oii /enea e ca
n/ao naieo oiiaeia e ?aca?aia, iaania/eaay n?aaenoaai>
eiio?iey oeiainiaoth aeenoeeieeio a io?anee, ieienoa?noa>
nicaeaao oneiaey, iaiaoiaeeiua aeey naiioeiaine?iaaiey e
eaaeaeiai i?aaei?eyoey e nenoaiu a oeaeii. Oi?ie?oy ia
iniiaa iauaii?iaoeaiuo onoaiiaeaiee ainoaea?noaa, ii n
o/aoii niaoeeoeee e eiie?aoiuo oneiaee ?aaiou io?anee
iaoaieci yeiiiie/aneiai noeioee?iaaiey eo/oeo ?acoeue-
oaoia ?aaiou, ieienoa?noai iooai aicaeaenoaey ia iaoa?e-
aeueiua eioa?anu niioaaonoaothueo eieeaeoeaia iiaeeecoao
caaiuey nenoaiu ia yooaeoeaiia auiieiaiea noiyueo ia?aae.
iath caaea/, ia iieo/aiea i?eauee a ?acia?ao, iaania/e-
aathueo iie?uoea aa oeiainiauo ioaeae.
?anniio?aiiay i?aaiecothuay aeayoaeueiinoue ieienoa?-
noaa yaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiui yeaiaioii oic?an/aoiiai ia-
oaiecia eae oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu a oeaeii, oae e ninoaa-
eythueo aa caaiueaa. Iia aeaeaei ia en/a?iuaaaony i?eia-
iaieai i?eioeeiia oic?an/aoa e aeayoaeueiinoe nianoaaiiiai-
aiia?aoa e ia oiaeaeanoaaiia oic?an/aoo i?aaei?eyoey.
Oi?aaeai/aneee oic?an/ao, eiay a naiae iniiaa iaia-
oiaeeiinoue naiiieoiaaiinoe iauanoaaiiiai oicyenoaiaa-
iey, neoaeeo oiio aea iacia/aieth, /oi e ae?oaea oi?iu oic-
?an/aoa: iaania/eoue naiioeiaine?iaaiea oicyenoaaiiie:
aeayoaeueiinoe a niioaaonoaothuai iiae?acaeaeaiee yeiiiie-
ee. Ii iie?aaony ia oa aea i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiaua i?aae-
iinueee (oneiaey) – aini?iecaiaeeioth ia iniiaa naii-
oeiaine?iaaiey eiouanoaaiioth aaco e iia?aoeaioth na-
iinoiyoaeueiinoue (aeinoaoi/iue iauai eiiiaoaioeee) noau-
aeoa. Aio naienoaaiiu oa aea eaiaeu aicaeaenoaey, n?aaee
eioi?uo iniaia ianoi i?eiaaeeaaeeo iaoa?eaeueiui eioa?a-
nai o?oaeiauo eieeaeoeaia. Yoi icia/aao, /oi oic?an/ao
ieienoa?noaa e, iai?eia?, oic?an/ao i?aaei?eyoey – yaea-
iey ?iaenoaaiiua, iaeaaeathuea iaueie naienoaaie. Iaeia-
ei iaaeaeo ieie nouanoaotho e ?acee/ey – a noa?a aeaeno-
-47-
aey, a oi?iao e n?aaenoaao niioaaonoaothuae i?aaiecothuae
aeayoaeueiinoe. TH?eaee/anee yoi au?aaeaaony a ?acee/ee iie-
iiii/ee oeacaiiuo i?aaiia: iauanenoaiiuo e i?aeioua-
noaaiii ?anii?yaeeoaeueiuo o ieienoa?noaa; eieaeueiuo e,
a iniiaiii, eniieieoaeueneeo o i?aaei?eyoee.
Aucaaiiay oaaea?aoeaiui ono?ienoaii iaoaai ainoaea?-
noaa iaiaeeiaeiaay (?anioaeeeaineay e nithcii-?anioaee-
eaineay) iiae/eiaiiinoue oicyenoaaiiuo io?aneae ?anioa-
eeee iaoneiaeea ?aca?aie/aiea aicaeaaeythueo eo ieie-
noa?noa ia ?anioaeeeaineea e nithcii-?anioaeeeaineea.
O/anoea a oi?ie?iaaiee eiiiaoaioeee iineaaeieo niioaao-
noaothueo ieienoa?noa Nithca NN? i?eaaei e caiaoiui
?anoiaeaeaieyi i?aaiauo iiceoeee oeaio?ia io?aneaauo oi-
cyenoaaiiuo nenoai ?anioaeeee.
A yoie nayce neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi aeaaiyy i?iaeaia
?ani?aaeaeaiey eiiiaoaioeee iaaeaeo nithciui e ?anioaee-
eaineei oeaio?aie ii ?oeiaiaenoao nithcii-?anioaeeeaineie
io?aneueth oicyenoaa nithciie ?anioaeeee a ianoiyuaa a?a-
iy aeieaeiui ia?acii ia ?aoaia.
Iaiaoiaeeiay i?aaiaay iniiaa en/a?iuaaaony caeanue io-
aeaeueiuie ii?iaie iauaai oa?aeoa?a, niaea?aeaueieny a
Eiinoeoooeee NNN? (no. 21), Iauai iieiaeaiee i ieie-
noa?noaao (i. 6-8, 17, 27, 51, 57, 61). A caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa
ia eiaaony eiie?aoiuo onoaiiaie ioiineoaeueii ?aoaiey
oeacaiiuo aii?inia ieienoa?noaaie NNN?. Yoi yaeyaony
i?e/eiie iaii?aaaeaiiiai ?aciiaiy a i?aeoeea ?aciuo ie-
ienoa?noa NNN?, a ?yaea neo/aaa – eceeoiae inoi?iae-
iinoe eo a ia?aaea/a i?aa niioaaonoaothuei ieienoa?noaai
nithciuo ?anioaeee, a a eiia/iii n/aoa /?acia?iie oeai-
o?aeecaoeee oi?aaeaiey ia o?iaia Nithca NN?.
Yoa neiaeiay i?iaeaia enneaaeiaaia aanueia neaai (*15). Ia-
eioi?ua aaoi?u ioeai/ii iieaaatho, /oi iniiaiua ooie-
oeee e iieiiii/ey nithcii-?anioaeeeaineeo ieienoa?noa
nithciuo ?anioaeee aiaeiae/iu oai, eioi?ua eiatho iaeii-
eiaiiua ieienoa?noaa NNN?, ioee/aynue io ieo eeoue ian-
ooaaaie aeaenoaey (*16). Oaeea i?aaenoaaeaiey ia ioaa/atho ie
eiaeea niioiioaiey iieiiii/ee oeacaiiuo i?aaiia, ie
i?aeoeea oi?ie?iaaiey eiiiaoaioeee nithcii-?anioaeeeai-
neeo ieienoa?noa nithciuo ?anioaeee, ie aeaenoaothuaio
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao, ii?iu eioi?iai ia?aaeei ioiinyo oa eee
eiua iieiiii/ey e aeayoaeueiinoe ieienoa?noa NNN?, ii ia
nithciuo ?anioaeee (i. 3 Iieiaeaiey i i?aaei?eyoee; i. 10
Iieiaeaiey i i?iiuoeaiiuo iauaaeeiaieyo; i. 5 Iieiaea-
iey i i?iecaiaenoaaiiii iauaaeeiaiee; i. 66 Iauaai iiei-
aeaiey i ieienoa?noaao; i. 38 iinoaiiaeaiey OeE EINN e
Iineieueeo ai anao io?aneyo yeiiiieee, ca eneeth/aieai
i?iiuoeaiiinoe, no?ieoaeuenoaa, naeueneiai oicyenoaa, i. 10
Iieiaeaiey i i?aaei?eyoee nio?aiyao naia aeaenoaea, oi
ooieoeeiie?othuea a ieo a ea/anoaa n?aaeiaai caaia o?anou,
eiiaeiaou, oi?aaeaiey, iauaaeeiaiey i?aaenoaaeytho niaie
i?aaiu oicyenoaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey. Eiay eo eioa?i?aoa-
oeey, o?aeoiaea eae eiiieaena, oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu ia
iniiaaia ia caeiia, a yaeyaony eeoue i?aaeiieiaeaieai,
i?aaeeiaeaieai caeiiiaeaoaeth.
Iiaia caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai i oicyenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaieyo,
aeaenoaothuaa a i?iiuoeaiiinoe, naeueneii oicyenoaa,
no?ieoaeuenoaa, o?aeooao oicyenoaaiiia iauaaeeiaiea eae
eiiieaen th?eaee/anee naiinoiyoaeueiuo i?aaei?eyoee e oi-
cyenoaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee, aicaeaaeyaiue niaoeeaeueiui i?-
aaiii oicyenoaaiiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa – oi?aaeaieai iauaaee-
iaiey, o. a. eae neiaeiia oicyenoaaiiia ia?aciaaiea, ii
ioithaeue ia a ea/anoaa i?aaia oi?aaeaiey eae oaeiaiai.
Oaeay aeaienoaaiiinoue eaaaeueiiai enoieeiaaiey ni a?a-
iaiai aoaeao ecaeeoa. E aaeaa ee noieo niiiaaaoueny a oii,
/oi iaiaoiaeeiia aaeeiiia?acea aoaeao onoaiiaeaii a iieue-
co aoi?iai aa?eaioa, iineieueeo ii aeoaaea e ai/a io?aaeaao
nooue e oa?aeoa? eieaeecoaiuo a iauaaeeiaiee ioiioaiee,
eioi?ua aeaeaei ia naiaeyony e iaeiiio oieueei ?oeiaiaenoao,
iniaaiii a o?aaeeoeeiiiii aai iiieiaiee.
Eoae, oicyenoaaiiia iauaaeeiaiea eiino?oe?oaony naai-
aeiy eae i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiue eiiieaen, ninoiy-
uee ec th?eaee/anee naiinoiyoaeueiuo i?aaei?eyoee e oicye-
noaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee. Ii ec yoiai ia neaaeoao, /oi oeacai-
iue eiiieaen e anoue iauaaeeiaiea. Caeanue iao oiaeaeanoaa ii-
oiio, /oi oicyenoaaiiia iauaaeeiaiea, ai-ia?auo, ia ethaie
oaeie eiiieaen(*23), a ai-aoi?uo, ia oieueei eiiieaen. Ii-
neaaeiaa, iaeiaei, ia iauai?eciaiiia iieiaeaiea. A eeoa-
?aoo?a i?aiaeaaeaao i?ioeaiiieiaeiue acaeyae: oicyenoaai-
iia iauaaeeiaiea e niioaaonoaothuee aio i?iecaiaenoaaiii-
oicyenoaaiiue eiiieaen – iiiyoey ?aaiicia/iua, eai e
a oii, e a ae?oaii neo/ayo eiathony a aeaeo ia?aciaaiey,
aeeth/athuea e aiia?ao oi?aaeaiey, e i?aaei?eyoey (i?aa-
iecaoeee) (*24).
-52-
*oi aea ia yoio n/ao aiai?eo caeii? A ii?iaoeaiii iie-
naiee eioa?anothuaai ian eiiieaena ia?a/eneythony eeoue
ieciaua oicyenoaaiiua i?aaiecaoeee, e iao oiiieiaiey ia
i?aaia oi?aaeaiey. I iai aiai?eony ioaeaeueii, aneaae ca
oeacaiiui iienaieai (i. 1 Iieiaeaiey i i?iiuoeaiiuo
iauaaeeiaieyo; i. 1 Iieiaeaiey i o?anoa niaoicia, ooaa?ae-
aeaiiiai iinoaiiaeaieai Niaaoa Ieieno?ia NNN? io
20 ieoya?y 1975 a.(**))(*25). Ec yoiai neaaeoao, /oi i?aai oi?aa-
eaiey ia aaiaeeony a no?oeoo?o eiiieaena; eiiieaen ni-
noaaeyao iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneoth iniiao iauaaeeiaiey?
iauaaeeiaiea eae oaeiaia anoue oicyenoaaiiia ia?aciaaiea,
niaaeeiythuaa i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiue eiiieaen e
i?aai oi?aaeaiey ei.
I?eaaaeaiiue auoa i?eai a ?aciauaiee ii?iaoeaiiai
iaoa?eaea yaeyaony io?aaeaieai aiieia ii?aaeaeaiiie ii-
ceoeee caeiiiaeaoaey, iniiaaiiie ia o/aoa i?aaeoanoaothua-
ai iiuoa i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey e i?aeoeee oicyenoaai-
iuo iauaaeeiaiee. I?eciaiea iauaaeeiaieai i?aaia oi?aa-
eaiey a?oiie?iaeie i?aaei?eyoee eiaei naiei iineaae-
noaeai oi, /oi iniiaiia aieiaiea ia i?aeoeea oaeaeyeinue
yoiio i?aaio, a aii?inu, eanathueany a?oiie?iaee i?aae-
i?eyoee, iaiaoiaeeiinoe iaania/aiey aa eiiieaeniinoe
ioiaeaeaaeenue ia caaeiee ieai. Yoi ia?aaeei i?eaiaeeei e
i?iecaieueiiio, ia iainiiaaiiiio oaoieei-yeiiiie/anee-
ie niia?aaeaieyie oi?ie?iaaieth oeacaiiuo a?oiie?iaie,
/oi aeaeaei oaeea ia?aciaaiey iaeiyooaeoeaiuie, aeene?a-
aeeoe?iaaei naio oi?io oicyenoaaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey.
Aeeth/aiea i?aaia oi?aaeaiey a i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oi-
cyenoaaiiue eiiieaen, yaeythueeny iainiaeaiiie niaieoi-
iinoueth
iiaeao i?eaanoe ia i?aeoeea e i?ioeaiiieiaeiie oaiaeai-
oeee: nieaeaieth aieiaiey e oi?aaeai/aneei i?ioeannai e
iauaaeeiaiee, ineaaeaieth cia/eiinoe ?oeiaiaeyuaai caa-
ia, niaoeeaeueiiai iacia/aiey i?aaia oi?aa-
eaiey a ?aaeecaoeee caaea/ iauaaeeiaiey.
Ii-aeaeeiiio, a oeaeyo i?aaeioa?auaiey oeacaiiuo oai-
aeaioeee caeiiiaeaoaeue, onoaiiaea, /oi iauaaeeiaiea yaeyaony
i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiui eiiieaenii naiinoiyoaeue-
iuo i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee, ?aca?aie/eaaao iauaaeei
iaiea e eiiieaen, aeeth/ay i?aai oi?aaeaiey a ninoaa
ia?aiai.
Aaeeinoai i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiiai eiiieaena
neeaaeuaaaony iauaeoeaii. Iii – ?acoeueoao i?ienoiaeyueo
(***) Aeaeaa: Iieiaeaiea i o?anoa niaoicia.
-53-
a i?iecaiaenoaa eioaa?aoeeiiiuo i?ioeannia, eieaeecoaiuo
a ?aieao ioaeaeueiuo a?oiie?iaie i?aaei?eyoee.
N nicaeaieai iauaaeeiaiey, aeaaiaea?y aaeeiiio ?oeiaiae-
noao, eioaa?aoeeiiiua oaiaeaioeee iieo/atho aeiiieieoaeueiua
aiciiaeiinoe ?acaeoey. Niioaaonoaothuea i?ioeannu aai-
aeyony a aieaa /aoeia i?aaiecaoeeiiiia ?onei, ia?aoatho
aieueooth iai?aaeaiiinoue ia aeinoeaeaiea eo/oeo a ianooa-
aa anae a?oiie?iaee ?acoeueoaoia. A eoiaa i?ienoiaeeo
aeaeueiaeoaa oaeoaeaiea aaeeinoaa eiiieaena.
Iniaia cia/aiea eiaao caeanue oeaio?aeecaoeey a ianooa-
aa iauaaeeiaiey ianeoaeeaathuae i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyeno-
aaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe: iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneiai niaaaeaiey
e nauoa, ecaioiaeaiey eino?oiaioa, inianoee, caianiuo
/anoae, eiiieaeoothueo ecaeaeee, oa?u, eaieoaeueiiai
no?ieoaeuenoaa, ?aiiioa iniiaiuo n?aaenoa, iaeaaeee e oao-
ie/aneiai ianeoaeeaaiey iai?oaeiaaiey, iao/ii-oaoie/a-
neeo enneaaeiaaiee e ?ac?aaioie, oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneiai
ii?ie?iaaiey, n/aoii-au/eneeoaeueiuo ?aaio, o?ainii?oii-
ai ianeoaeeaaiey e o. i.
Oeacaiiua ooieoeee iiaoo inouanoaeyoueny eaaeaeui i?i-
ecaiaenoaaiiui i?aaei?eyoeai naieie neeaie eee ii aeiai-
ai?ai ni niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuie i?aaiecaoeeyie ii ia?a ia-
iaoiaeeiinoe e a o?aaoaiuo iauaiao. Iineieueeo yoe iaua-
iu, eae i?aaeei, iaaaeeee, ioaeaeueiiio i?aaei?eyoeth o?oaeii
iaania/eoue nia?aiaiiue o?iaaiue e iaaeeaaeauaa ea/anoai
niioaaonoaothueo ?aaio. ?aoaiea yoeo aii?inia iaeaa-
/aaony i?e eiioeaio?aoeee i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai ianeoaeeaa-
iey a iauaaeeiaiee. Nouanoaaiiia oaaee/aiea iauaiia ?a-
aio iicaieyao yooaeoeaii i?aaieciaaoue niioaaonoaothuea
?aaiou, iaania/eoue eo auno?ia auiieiaiea, eo/oaa ea/a-
noai, iaiueooth naaanoieiinoue. I?aaei?eyoey, inaiaiaeeaoenue
io iaiaoiaeeiinoe caieiaoueny ianeoaeeaathuae aeayoaeue-
iinoueth, iieo/atho aiciiaeiinoue nin?aaeioi/eoue aieiaiea ia
?aoeeiiaeueiie i?aaiecaoeee e yooaeoeaiii inouanoaea-
iee iniiaiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. Iiyoiio caeii aieueoia aie-
iaiea oaeaeyao ?aaeaiaioaoeee oeaio?aeeciaaiiie i?iecaiae-
noaaiii-oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe iauaaeeiaiey: cae?ai-
eyaony nai oaeo oeaio?aeecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyeno-
aaiiiai ianeoaeeaaiey, ii?aaeaeyaony i?eia?iue e?oa e
i?aaiecaoeeiiiua oi?iu auiieiaiey oeaio?aeeciaaiiuo
ooieoeee, enoi/ieee e ii?yaeie oi?ie?iaaiey iaiaoiaee-
iie eiouanoaaiiie aacu, i?aaiaua iniiau aioo?eiauaaee-
iai/aneeo ioiioaiee ii oeaio?aeeciaaiiiio ianeoaeeaa-
ieth.
Ia?auaao ia naay aieiaiea oi, /oi oeacaiiua aii?inu
?aoathony caeiiiaeaoaeai aanueia yeanoe/ii. N/eoay oaeia
-54-
ianeoaeeaaiea iaiaoiaeeiui yeaiaioii i?iecaiaenoaaiiie
no?oeoo?u iauaaeeiaiey e oiiieiay i oeaio?aeecaoeee eii-
e?aoiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiuo ooieoeee, caeiii-
aeaoaeue, iaeiaei, ie/aai ooo ia i?aae?aoaao. I/a?/eaaaiue
e?oa oiiiyioouo ooieoeee ia caieioo e eiaao ?aeiiaiaea-
oaeueiue oa?aeoa?. Oeene?oaiua i?aaiecaoeeiiiua oi?iu
oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai ianeoaeeaaiey ioaaouaatho ana aiciiae-
iua aa?eaiou. I?aaeoniao?eaaaiue i?aaiaie ?aaeei oi-
cyenoaaiiuo naycae ii ianeoaeeaaieth iie?aaony ia iaua-
ii?iaoeaiia ?aaoee?iaaiea niioaaonoaothueo oicyenoaai-
iuo ioiioaiee, ainiieiyaiia i?e ionoonoaee iauaii?ia-
oeaiuo iiaeaeae eieaeueiui (aioo?eiauaaeeiai/aneei)
ii?iioai?/anoaii.
Oaeie noeeue ?aaoee?iaaiey iaoneiaeai niaoeeoeeie
i?aaeiaoa. A i?aeoe/aneii ?aoaiee aii?inia oeaio?aeeca-
oeee i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiiai ianeoaeeaaiey aaeeea
?ieue ia iiaeaeathueony iaiauaieth eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo onei-
aee ?aaiou eaaeaeiai ioaeaeueiiai oicyenoaaiiiai iauaaeeia-
iey. Caeanue nouanoaaiiu eiee/anoai iauaaeeiyaiuo i?aae-
i?eyoee, noaiaiue eo oa??eoi?eaeueiie ?ann?aaeioi/aiiinoe,
naiaia?acea i?eiaiyaiie oaoiieiaee, ninoiyiea naoe eii-
ioieeaoeee e a oeaeii eio?ano?oeoo?u ia oa??eoi?ee ?an-
iieiaeaiey iauaaeeiaiey, i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oaoie/aneee o?i-
aaiue i?iecaiaenoaa, eiie?aoiua caaea/e iauaaeeiaiey, au-
aeaeaaaiua ia ia?aaeiee ieai ia aeaiiii yoaia aai ?acaeoey
e o. i. Iiyoiio e?oa oeaio?aeecoaiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oi-
cyenoaaiiuo ooieoeee aeieaeai ii?aaeaeyoueny a ii?yaeea ei-
aeeaeaeoaeueiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey ia iniiaa ioia/aiiuo auoa
iaueo ?aeiiaiaeaoeee caeiia. A yoie nayce i?aaenoaaeyaony
o?oaeiieniieieiui i?aaeeaaaaiia A. A. Oaooeeiui ii?ia-
oeaiia onoaiiaeaiea ia?a/iy
iaeiii?aaeaeaiiu aeey ii?iaoeaiiai cae?aieaiey e ia
oieueei a neeo eo iiiai/eneaiiinoe e iiiaiia?acey, ii
aua e iioiio, /oi aeaenoaotho iie ia eciee?iaaiii e iaeii-
cia/ii, a a naiuo ?acee/iuo e iaiythueony ni/aoaieyo.
cia/eiinoue eioi?uo iaeuecy i?aaeeueii ioeaieoue a io?uaa io
eiie?aoiie oicyenoaaiiie ianoaiiaee. Ana yoi naeaeaoaeue-
noaoao i iaaiciiaeiinoe iauaii?iaoeaiiai ?aoaiey aii?i-
na ia oneiaeyo oeaio?aeecaoeee eiie?aoiuo i?iecaiaenoaai-
ii-oicyenoaaiiuo ooieoeee.
Ioiioaiey ii ieacaieth oneoa iaaeaeo iiae?acaeaeaieyie
iauaaeeiaiey no?iyony eae aeiaiai?iua iaycaoaeuenoaa ni-
aeanii ii?iai aeaenoaothuaai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, ?aaoee-
?othuaai niioaaonoaothuea ioiioaiey, n iaania/aieai eio-
-55-
uanoaaiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe noi?ii ca ia?ooaiea naieo
iaycaiiinoae (i. 6 Iieiaeaiey i i?iiuoeaiiuo iauaaee-
iaieyo; i. 6 Iieiaeaiey i o?anoa niaoicia). A oao neo/ayo,
eiaaea iniiaaiey e ii?yaeie aicieeiiaaiey oaeeo iayca-
oaeuenoa, a oaeaea ia?u eiouanoaaiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe
noi?ii caeiiii ia i?aaeoniio?aiu, iie ii?aaeaeythony oi-
?aaeaieai iauaaeeiaiey.
A oicyenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaieyo iau/ii eniieuecothony
oi?iuaiiua oi?iu oeacaiiuo ioiioaiee. Iaycaoaeuenoaa
aicieeatho e eciaiythony ia iniiaa ?anii?yaeeoaeueiuo ae-
oia oi?aaeaiey iauaaeeiaiey: ieaiia iao/ii-oaoie/aneeo
?aaio, eaieoaeueiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa e eaieoaeueiiai ?aiii-
oa, ?acia?yaeie ia iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneia niaaaeaiea,
ieaiia ?aiiioa e oaoie/aneiai ianeoaeeaaiey iai?oaeiaa-
iey, ieaiia (a?aoeeia) niaaaeaiey yeaeo?e/aneie e oai-
eiaie yia?aeae, o?ainii?oiiai ianeoaeeaaiey e o. i.
Eniieiaiea i?iecaiaeeony ia iniiaa ooaa?aeaeaaiuo oi-
?aaeaieai iia?aoeaiuo aeieoiaioia: cayaie, a?aoeeia,
?acia?yaeie, ?aciauo ?anii?yaeaiee e ae?. ?an/aou ia?aaeei
aaaeoony a oi?iuaiiie oi?ia /a?ac oi?aaeaiea n i?eiaia-
ieai aioo?aiieo ?an/aoiuo oeai.
Oaeay i?aaiecaoeey iaycaoaeuenoaaiiuo ioiioaiee a on-
eiaeyo oicyenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee, eae i?aaeei, ii?aaaea-
ia e yooaeoeaia. Iia oi?iuaao nayce, aeaeaao eo aieaa
aeaeeie, iicaieyao iia?aoeaii ?aaae?iaaoue ia eciaiaiea
i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiie neooaoeee, iaiaa?e?iaaoue
iiuiinoyie e ?ano?naie. E ana yoi aac oua?aa aeey ia-
aeaaeiinoe ioiioaiee, niaeaniaaiiinoe e eiio?iee?oaiinoe
niaianoii auiieiyaiiai i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna, iaan-
ia/aiiinoe eioa?ania acaeiiaeaenoaothueo i?aaei?eyoee e
i?aaiecaoeee. Aeaiiua i?aeiouanoaa iaoneiaeaiu naiei
no?iai aioo?eiauaaeeiai/aneeo oicyenoaaiiuo ioiioaiee.
Iinoiyiiue oa?aeoa? eiiia?aoeee, onoie/eaay yeiiiie/a-
neay acaeiicaaeneiinoue, oaniua i?aaiecaoeeiiiua nayce,
aaeeinoai eioa?ania iauaaeeiaiey a oeaeii e aoiaeyueo a ia-
ai i?aaei?eyoee, iaic?eiinoue eieaeeciaaiiuo a iauaaeeia-
iee i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo i?ioeannia e oicyenoaaiiuo iia?a-
oeee – aio oa oaeoi?u, eioi?ua iaoneiaeeaatho yooaeoea-
iinoue aa?oeeaeueiie i?aaiecaoeee aioo?eiauaaeeiai/aneeo
oicyenoaaiiuo iaycaoaeuenoa. Iie iicaieytho a oeaeyo iaan-
ia/aiey iaeeo/oeo iaueo ?acoeueoaoia niaeaniauaaoue ca-
aea/e, aiciiaeiinoe e iio?aaiinoe aoiaeyueo a iauaaeeiaiea
i?aaei?eyoee, o. a. eaaeaeie ec noi?ii i?aaiecoaiiai iay-
caoaeuenoaaiiiai ioiioaiey, ?acoiii ni/aoaoue eo eioa?a-
nu, naiaa?aiaiii e yeiiiie/anee iainiiaaiii eii?aeeie-
?iaaoue aeaenoaey noi?ii.
-56-
Iaiouaieaiie /anoueth oicyenoaaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey, aai
i?aaiecothuei oeaio?ii aunooiaao oi?aaeaiea, i?aaiaie
noaoon eioi?iai caneoaeeaaao niaoeeaeueiiai ?anniio?aiey-
Niaeanii eaaaeueiie oa?aeoa?enoeea oi?aaeaiea oicye-
noaaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey ?oeiaiaeeo i?aaei?eyoeyie e i?aa-
iecaoeeyie, aoiaeyueie a iauaaeeiaiea, e aunooiaao ii io-
iioaieth e iei eae auoanoiyuee i?aai, inouanoaeyao oi-
cyenoaaiioth aeayoaeueiinoue, eiaao naiinoiyoaeueiue aaeain,
aeaenoaoao ia ia/aeao oic?an/aoa, iaeaaeaao i?aaaie e iay-
caiiinoyie, naycaiiuie n aai aeayoaeueiinoueth e yaeyaony
th?eaee/aneei eeoeii (i. 5 Iieiaeaiey i i?iiuoeaiiuo
iauaaeeiaieyo: i. 5 Iieiaeaiey i o?anoa niaoicia; i. 14
Iieiaeaiey i ananithciii e ?anioaeeeaineii iauaaeeiaieyo
a naeueneii oicyenoaa, ooaa?aeaeaiiiai iinoaiiaeaieai Ni-
aaoa Ieieno?ia NNN? io 22 iay 1980 a.(**))(*28).
Ec neacaiiiai neaaeoao, /oi oi?aaeaiea i?aaenoaaeyao
niaie naiinoiyoaeueioth oicyenoaaiioth i?aaiecaoeeth, in-
iiaiui iacia/aieai eioi?ie yaeyaony iaiin?aaenoaaiiia-
ainoaea?noaaiiia ?oeiaiaenoai i?aaei?eyoeyie e i?aaieca-
oeeyie iauaaeeiaiey. Eae i?aai ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?oeiaiae-
noaa, aicaeaaeythuee aioo?eio?aneaaoth oicyenoaaiioth ne-
noaio, iii ianao ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca ninoiyiea e ?acaeoea
iiaeaaaeiinoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiiai eiii-
eaena, iao/ii-oaoie/aneee i?ia?ann, oaoie/aneee o?iaaiue
i?iecaiaenoaa e ea/anoai i?iecaiaeeiie i?iaeoeoeee, ca au-
iieiaiea caaeaiee ainoaea?noaaiiiai ieaia e iaycaoaeuenoa
ia?aae athaeaeaoii, ca yooaeoeaiia eniieueciaaiea eaieoaeue-
iuo aeiaeaiee, naiaa?aiaiiue aaiae a aeaenoaea e inaiaiea
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiuiinoae, niaethaeaiea ?aaeeia yeiii-
iee e oeiainiaie aeenoeeieeiu.
Aunooiay a ea/anoaa ?oeiaiaeyuaai oeaio?a, oi?aaeaiea-
iauaaeeiaiey i?aaiecoao ?aaioo aicaeaaeyaiiai eiiieaena
ia iniiaa ieaiiauo caaeaiee e iia?aoeaiuo ?anii?yaeaiee
io?aneaaiai oeaio?a n o/aoii eiie?aoiuo oneiaee ?aaiou
eaaeaeiai ec i?aaei?eyoee e eiiieaena a oeaeii a i?aaeaeao
i?aaeinoaaeaiiie eiiiaoaioeee. Iii ananoi?iiia iaania/e-
aaao auiieiaiea noiyueo ia?aae iauaaeeiaieai caaea/, ii?a-
aeaeyy, niaeaniauaay e ?aaoee?oy iniiaiua ia?aiao?u ?a-
aiou i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee, eii?aeeie?oy eo oneeey e
ni/aoay eioa?anu a oeaeyo aeinoeaeaiey iaeeo/oeo a ian-
ooaaa anaai iauaaeeiaiey eiia/iuo ?acoeueoaoia.
Oi?aaeaiea i?aaenoaaeyao eioa?anu iauaaeeiaiey ia?aae
auoanoiyuei i?aaiii, eiuie ainoaea?noaaiiuie i?aaia-
ie e iauanoaaiiuie i?aaiecaoeeyie. Caaeaiey e oeacaiey,
(***) Aeaeaa: Iieiaeaiea ia iauaaeeiaieyo a naeueneii oicyenoaa.–.-
-57-
naycaiiua n aeayoaeueiinoueth i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee
iauaaeeiaiey, aeieaeiu aeaaaoueny oi?aaeaieth, e?iia neo-
/aaa, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo aeaenoaothuei caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii.
Ia i?aeoeea aeaiiia o?aaiaaiea niaethaeaaony aeaeaei ia
anaaaea. Ieienoa?noaa /anoi aae?anotho naie ?anii?yaeaiey
iaiin?aaenoaaiii i?aaei?eyoeyi e i?aaiecaoeeyi iauaaeeia-
iey, ieioy oi?aaeaiea. Yoi ia oieueei nieaeaao ?ieue oi?aa-
eaiey, ia?aie/eaaao i/a?/aiioth caeiiii noa?o aai iia-
?aoeaiie naiinoiyoaeueiinoe, ii e aeaci?eaioe?oao i?aae-
i?eyoey, eioi?ua ieacuaathony ia?aae iaiaoiaeeiinoueth au-
iieiyoue ianiaiaaeathuea oeacaiey auoanoiyueo i?aaiia.
A oi aea a?aiy iaeuecy n/eoaoue, aoaeoi ieienoa?noai, aei-
aiaey aei oi?aaeaiey naie oeacaiey, ia aeieaeii i?aae?aoaoue
aii?in i eiie?aoiii eniieieoaea, ii?aaeaeyoue aioo?eiaua-
aeeiai/aneee aae?anao naieo i?aaeienaiee, eae n/eoatho io-
aeaeueiua aaoi?u (*29).
Aeayoaeueiinoue iiaeaaaeiinoaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee, a oii
/enea e aoiaeyueo a oicyenoaaiiua iauaaeeiaiey, iiaeaa?aa-
aony ?oeiaiaeyuaio aicaeaenoaeth io?aneaaiai oeaio?a ii ai-
i?inai, eiathuei iauaio?aneaaia cia/aiea e ninoaaeyth-
uei i?a?iaaoeau ieienoa?noaa. Iiiaea aai ia?ii?eyoey
a iaeanoe eiaanoeoeee, iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna, ec-
iaiaiey niaoeeaeecaoeee i?aaei?eyoee e eo eiiia?aoeeiiiuo
naycae, aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe ia iiaoo ia
eiaoue oi/iie aae?aniie i?eaycee. A i?ioeaiii neo/aa ia
aoaeao iaania/aia eo iainiiaaiiinoue, a oaoieei-yeiiiie/a-
neay iieeoeea ieienoa?noaa oo?aoeo ?aaeueioth iii?o.
Iaeuecy oaeaea ia o/eouaaoue, /oi ?aoaiea oeaeiai ?yaea
aii?inia aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey ioianaii caeiiiaeaoa-
eai e aaaeaieth ieienoa?noaa, a ia oi?aaeaiey iauaaeeiaiey:
?ai?aaiecaoeey e eeeaeaeaoeey i?aaei?eyoee (*30), ia?aaea/a
i?eiaaeeaaeaueo ei caeaiee e nii?oaeaiee(*31), iacia/aiea e
inaiaiaeaeaiea io aeieaeiinoe ?oeiaiaeyueo ?aaioieeia ii?a-
aeaeaiiie iiiaieeaoo?u (i. 19 Iieiaeaiey i i?iiuoeai-
iuo iauaaeeiaieyo; i. 17 Iieiaeaiey i o?anoa niaoicia),
ia?aaiae aeaenoaothueo i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee ec iaeiie
a?oiiu ii iieaoa o?oaea a ae?oaoth (*32) e o.i.
Ec eceiaeaiiiai neaaeoao, /oi ieienoa?noaa iiaoo aae?a-
niaaoue caaeaiey e iia?aoeaiua oeacaiey eiie?aoiui i?aae-
i?eyoeyi. Iaeiaei oaeia i?iieeiiaaiea a noa?o iauaaeeia-
iey aeieaeii auoue ia?aie/aii neo/ayie, i?yii i?aaeoniio-
?aiiuie a caeiia, eeai eiaaea i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oaoie/aneea
ia?aiao?u, i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneea e eiua eiaeeae-
aeoaeueiua oa?aeoa?enoeee eiie?aoiiai eniieieoaey ea?atho
iniiaiia cia/aiea aeey ?aoaiey aii?inia, ioianaiiuo e aa-
aeaieth ieienoa?noaa. Anee aea ia?ii?eyoey iineaaeiaai ia
-58-
o?aaotho oi/iie iauaeoiie i?eaycee, iie aeieaeiu aeiai-
aeeoueny iauaaeeiaieth a oeaeii n oai, /oiau oi?aaeaiea, o/e-
ouaay iaee/ioth oicyenoaaiioth neooaoeeth, iaeaieaa ?a-
oeeiiaeueii, n o?aaoaiie aeeooa?aioeeaoeeae ii?aaeaeeei aei-
eth eaaeaeiai eiie?aoiiai eniieieoaey a ?aaeecaoeee iauae
caaea/e e iaeeo/oei ia?acii i?aaieciaaei eniieiaiea.
Oi?aaeaiea iauaaeeiaiey ia oieueei inouanoaeyao ?oei-
aiaenoai i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiui eiiieaenii, ii e
auiieiyao i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiioth aeayoaeueiinoue ii
ianeoaeeaaieth naieo i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee, iaeaaeay
iaiaoiaeeiuie i?iecaiaenoaaiiuie oiiaeaie e eiuie ?a-
no?naie, i?aaiauie aiciiaeiinoyie, a oii /enea e i?aaa-
ie th?eaee/aneiai eeoea, anooiay a iaiaoiaeeiua oicyenoaai-
iua nayce eae aioo?e iauaaeeiaiey, oae e ca aai i?aaeaeaie.
Aiceiaeaiea ia oi?aaeaiea iauaaeeiaiey i?iecaiaenoaai-
ii-oicyenoaaiiuo ooieoeee ia nieaeaao ea/anoaa ?oeiaiae-
noaa, a iai?ioea, nicaeaao i?aaeiinueee aeey iiauoaiey aai
yooaeoeaiinoe.
I?aaiecaoeeiiiue oa?aeoa?, ioaao anao eee aieueoei-
noaa i?aaei?eyoee eiiieaena, iai?aaeaiiinoue ia ?aoaiea
iauaiauaaeeiai/aneeo caaea/ – aio oa iauea naienoaa, ei-
oi?ua naycuaatho ieaiiai-?aaoee?othuea e i?iecaiaenoaai-
ii-oicyenoaaiiua ooieoeee oi?aaeaiey iauaaeeiaiey, nic-
aeatho aiciiaeiinoue eo ieiaeioai?iiai ni/aoaiey aeey aeinoe-
aeaiey noiyueo ia?aae yoei i?aaiii oeaeae.
Iineieueeo caeiiiaeaoaeue aeiioneaao e ia i?aeoeea i?e-
iaiythony ?acee/iua i?aaiecaoeeiiiua oi?iu auiieiaiey
oeaio?aeeciaaiiie a iauaaeeiaiee i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicye-
noaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe, a eeoa?aoo?a i?aaei?eiyou iiiuoee
ii?aaeaeeoue, eaeea ec oeacaiiuo ooieoeee oeaeaniia?acii
aiceaaaoue eiaiii ia oi?aaeaiea. A ea/anoaa e?eoa?ey au-
aeaeaaaony noaiaiue nayce (oyaioaiey) n ieaiiai-?aaoee?oth-
ueie ooieoeeyie aeaiiiai i?aaia (*33). Ia iao acaeyae, yoi ia
eiaao ?aaeueiie ia?niaeoeau,- iineieueeo oeaeaniia?aciinoue
aiceiaeaiey ia oi?aaeaiea oao eee eiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiii-
oicyenoaaiiuo ooieoeee oi?ie?oaony niaianoiui aeaeno-
aeai iiiaeo oaeoi?ia, n?aaee eioi?uo i?aaeeiaeaiiue e?e-
oa?ee ia yaeyaony iniiaiui.
Oicyenoaaiiia iauaaeeiaiea, aoaeo/e iainiaeaiiui iiae-
?acaeaeaieai yeiiiieee, aeaenoaoao ia iniiaa oic?an/aoa,
iaania/eaay ec naieo aeioiaeia iie?uoea anao naieo cao?ao:
ia i?iecaiaenoai (oaeoueo, eaieoaeueiuo), niaea?aeaiea ai-
ia?aoa oi?aaeaiey, yeiiiie/aneia noeioee?iaaiea, auiie-
iaiea iaycaoaeuenoa ia?aae athaeaeaoii e auoanoiyuei i?-
aaiii.
-59-
Iniiaie oic?an/aoa iauaaeeiaiey yaeyaony oic?an/ao aai
i?aaei?eyoee. Ia?aia iaaiciiaeii aac aoi?iai. Iaeiaei
ioaaouaaaiay oic?an/aoii iauaaeeiaiey noa?a oicyenoai-
aaiey cia/eoaeueii oe?a, aeeth/aao a naay oaeaea i?ioeannu
?anoe?aiiiai aini?iecaiaenoaa iauaiauaaeeiai/aneiai oa-
?aeoa?a (eiaanoeoeee, ia?ii?eyoey a iaeanoe iao/ii-oao-
ie/aneiai i?ia?anna, ?acaeoea eio?ano?oeoo?u, iiaeaioia-
ea eaae?ia e o. i.), eioi?ua ia iiaoo auoue iinoaaeaiu iiae
eiio?ieue oiaa?ii-aeaiaaeiuo ioiioaiee ia o?iaia i?aae-
i?eyoey.
Oic?an/ao iauaaeeiaiey eae iaoiae oicyenoaiaaiey a
n?aaeiai caaia yeiiiieee ia oieueei oe?a, ii e ea/anoaaiii
ioee/ai io oic?an/aoa i?aaei?eyoey. Eioaa?e?oy oic?an/ao-
ioth noa?o i?aaei?eyoee n oic?an/aoiie noa?ie iauaiaua-
aeeiai/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, ii eiaao eiie iaoaieci i?aa-
iecaoeee, ioaaouaathuee eae ia?ae/iue (ia o?iaia i?aae-
i?eyoey), oae e aoi?e/iue (ia o?iaia oi?aaeaiey iauaaee-
iaiey) e?oaiiai?io n?aaenoa.
Aaaeiay ?ieue a yoii iaoaiecia i?eiaaeeaaeeo i?aaie-
cothuae aeayoaeueiinoe oi?aaeaiey, iai?aaeaiiie ia iaan-
ia/aiea naiioeiaine?iaaiey iauaaeeiaiey, ?aaeecaoeee oao
i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo oi?i e n?aaenoa, eioi?ua a niaieoiiinoe
naiae ninoaaeytho niaea?aeaiea oi?aaeai/aneiai oic?an/aoa
ia o?iaia iauaaeeiaiey.
?aiaa iaie enneaaeiaaeinue iiiyoea oi?aaeai/aneiai
oic?an/aoa i?eiaieoaeueii e aeayoaeueiinoe ieienoa?noaa.
Auneacaiiua niia?aaeaiey e a?aoiaiou iauaai ii?yaeea
eiatho i?yiia ioiioaiea e e oic?an/aoo oi?aaeaiey iaua-
aeeiaiey eae iaoiaeo ?oeiaiaenoaa aioo?eio?aneaaie nenoa-
iie.
E ana aea iaeiie eiinoaoaoeeae iauiinoe iaeuecy ia?aie-
/eoueny, eai oic?an/ao oi?aaeaiey iauaaeeiaiey ia yaeyaony
oiaiueoaiiie a ianooaaa eiieae oic?an/aoa ieienoa?noaa.
Yoi iaoneiaeaii ?acee/eai a no?oeoo?a ooieoeee oeacai-
iuo i?aaiia, e a /anoiinoe oe?ioie e?oaa e cia/eoaeue-
iinoueth oaeaeueiiai aana a iauai iauaia aeayoaeueiinoe
oi?aaeaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiuo ooieoeee, eioi-
?ua a aeayoaeueiinoe ieienoa?noaa ia caieiatho noieue ca-
iaoiiai ianoa. Oic?an/ao oi?aaeaiey eae iaoiae ?oeiaiae-
noaa aicaeaaeyaiui eiiieaenii aeiiieiyaony oic?an/aoii
eae iaoiaeii iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai oicyenoaiaaiey, iaania/e-
aathuei ieoiaaiinoue oeaio?aeecoaiie a oi?aaeaiee i?iec-
aiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe ca n/ao i?eiine-
iuo ath aeioiaeia.
Nouanoaoao iiaiea, /oi oic?an/ao oi?aaeaiey a yoie
/anoe ie/ai ia ioee/aaony io oic?an/aoa i?aaei?eyoey e
-60-
?aaeecoaony a oao aea oi?iao yeaeaaeaioii-aiciacaeiuo
ioiioaiee (*34). Iaeiaei ia anaaaea ianeoaeeaathuay aeayoaeue-
iinoue oi?aaeaiey oi?ie?oaony ia yeaeaaeaioii-aiciacae-
iie iniiaa. Oeaeue ?yae oneoa: ?ac?aaioea ii?i e ii?iaoe-
aia, ?an/aou n eiio?aaaioaie e athaeaeaoii, n/aoii-au/en-
eeoaeueiua ?aaiou, auiieiaiea ooieoeee caeac/eea ii ea-
ieoaeueiiio no?ieoaeuenoao, iao/ii-oaoie/aneea ?ac?aaioee
a ?yaea neo/aaa, aeiaiai?iay, i?aoaiceiiii-eneiaay ?aaioa
e o.i.- i?aaeinoaaeyaony i?aaei?eyoeyi aanieaoii. E yoi
ia iaaei/aou i?aeoeee, a ?aoaiea, aucaaiiia naiaia?aceai
aioo?eiauaaeeiai/aneeo ioiioaiee, i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiii-
ie/aneei aaeeinoaii iauaaeeiaiey. Ecaanoiay aiciacaeiinoue
caeanue i?enoonoaoao: ?anoiaeu ia auiieiaiea oeacaiiuo
?aaio ia?aaeei en/a?iuaathony niaea?aeaieai aiia?aoa niio-
aaonoaothueo iiae?acaeaeaiee oi?aaeaiey e iie?uaathony
ianeoaeeaaaiuie i?aaei?eyoeyie, ii ia eaaeaeui a ioaeaeue-
iinoe ii ia?a iio?aaeyaiuo oneoa, a anaie aianoa ia ia-
uee iauai ?aaio iin?aaenoaii io/eneaiee ia niaea?aeaiea
aiia?aoa oi?aaeaiey iauaaeeiaiey.
A oie /anoe ianeoaeeaathuae aeayoaeueiinoe oi?aaeaiey,
eioi?ay inouanoaeyaony ia yeaeaaeaioii-aiciacaeiie inii-
aa (iaeaaeea, ?aiiio e oaoie/aneia ianeoaeeaaiea iai?oaei-
aaiey, niaaaeaiea ni neeaaeia e aac iauaaeeiaiey, o?ain-
ii?oiia ianeoaeeaaiea e o. i.), oic?an/ao oi?aaeaiey oae-
aea ia eiie?oao oic?an/aoa i?aaei?eyoey.
Eiouanoaaiiay aaca ?anniao?eaaaiie aeayoaeueiinoe
oi?ie?oaony e ainiieiyaony (a cia/eoaeueiie ia?a) ii i?-
aaiecaoeeiiii-oi?aaeai/aneei, a ia oiaa?iiaiaiiui eaia-
eai (i. 34 Iieiaeaiey i i?iiuoeaiiuo iauaaeeiaieyo;
i. 33 Iieiaeaiey i o?anoa niaoicia; i. 37 Iieiaeaiey ia
iauaaeeiaieyo a naeueneii oicyenoaa). ?aaeecaoeey ?acoeue-
oaoia yoie aeayoaeueiinoe ia?aie/aia noa?ie iauaaeeiaiey
e i?aaiecoaony ca/anooth ia aacaeiaiai?iie iniiaa n i?ae-
iouanoaaiii aa?oeeaeueiie (noai?aeeiaoeeiiiie), a ia ai?e-
ciioaeueiie (eii?aeeiaoeeiiiie) eeieae ?aaoee?iaaiey.
Iaoa?eaeueiia iiiu?aiea ?aaioieeia inouanoaeyaony ec
oeaio?aeeciaaiiuo iiiu?eoaeueiuo oiiaeia iauaaeeiaiey –
oie eo /anoe, eioi?ay i?aaeiacia/aia aeey iiiu?aiey aiia-
?aoa oi?aaeaiey. Iaoaieci ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca iaiaaeeaaea-
uea ?acoeueoaou ?acaeo neaai e aeaenoaoao (oai. aaea aeaeno-
aoao) eeoue a /anoe ei??aeoe?iaee oi?aaeaieai ieaiia
naieo iiae?acaeaeaiee e ianeoaeeaaaiuo i?aaei?eyoee, ii ia
a o?aaeeoeeiiiuo oi?iao aiciauaiey oauoeia e oieaou ia-
onoieee.
Aaconeiaii, oic?an/ao i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe oi?aaeaiey oicyenoaaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey ioae-
-61-
aeaaony a ?acaeoee e niaa?oainoaiaaiee. Ii iii ia iiaeao
i?iaiaeeoueny a io?uaa io i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneiai
aaeeinoaa iauaaeeiaiey, a iioiio ia aeieaeii auoue naaaeaii
e i?inoiio ia?aiino a aeaiioth noa?o o?aaeeoeeiiiuo oi?i
oic?an/aoa i?aaei?eyoey.
Caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai i oicyenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaieyo ia-
oe?ii, iiiaiia?acii, a oeaeii ia oii?yaei/aii e a ioaeaeue-
iuo /anoyo i?ioeai?a/eai. Aaeeiiai aeoa ia yoeo ia?aci-
aaieyo iao. Ii?aaeaeaiea i?aaiauo iniia eo aeayoaeueiinoe
inouanoaeyaony nae/an, oioy e a iauaainoaea?noaaiiii
ianooaaa, ii a io?aneaaii ?ac?aca. Iaeiaei i?ioeann yoio
aeaeae io caaa?oaiey. Anee oicyenoaaiiua iauaaeeiaiey a
i?iiuoeaiiinoe, naeueneii oicyenoaa, no?ieoaeuenoaa (oieue-
ei nithciiai iiae/eiaiey) eiatho ooaa?aeaeaiiua iauanithc-
iui caeiiiaeaoaeai iieiaeaiey iauaai (oeiiaiai) oa?ae-
oa?a, oi iauaaeeiaiey ae?oaeo io?aneae aeaenoaotho ia aaca
aaaeiinoaaiiiai, ia?aaeei eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey.
Iaeiaei aaaeiinoaaiiay ?aaeaiaioaoeey ia iiaeao auoue caeanue
yooaeoeaiie, iineieueeo aeieaeia iie?aoueny ia onoaiiaee
iauanithciiai caeiiiaeaoaey, io eioi?uo ii nai oaea /an-
oe/ii ioeacaeny aaeaeo eo iaiioeiaeueiinoe. ?a/ue eaeao i
/. 3 i. 10 Iieiaeaiey i i?aaei?eyoee, a niioaaonoaee n ei-
oi?ie iauaaeeiaiea aeaenoaoao a ioiioaiee iiae/eiaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoee eae i?aai oicyenoaaiiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa, a a
ioiioaiee nianoaaiiie i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe eae i?aaei?eyoea.
Onoaiiaeaoayny oaiaeaioeey io?aneaaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey
ia yaeyaony iaeeo/oei niiniaii ?aoaiey i?iaeaiu. Aac-
oneiaii, oaeia ?aaoee?iaaiea iicaieyao auno?i e n ecaano-
iui o/aoii io?aneaauo iniaaiiinoae aeaoue aeinoaoi/ii ia-
aeaaeioth ii?iaoeaioth aaco oicyenoaaiiui iauaaeeiaieyi
oao io?aneae, eioi?ua a neeo ii?aaeaeaiiuo i?e/ei auaeae-
aathony ia ia?aaeiee ieai oicyenoaaiiie aeecie. Ii a oi aea
a?aiy iii aea/ao iaiiia?iia oaaee/aiea caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai
iaoa?eaea, aucuaaaiia iiaoi?aieai iaueo ii?i a eaae-
aeii io?aneaaii aeoa, ia iaania/eaaao iieiiou o/aoa io-
?aneaauo iniaaiiinoae. Niaoeeaeueiua ii?iu, naycaiiua n
io?aneaaie niaoeeoeeie aeayoaeueiinoe oicyenoaaiiuo iaua-
aeeiaiee, a oeacaiiuo io?aneaauo aeoao eiatho iaaieueoie
oaeaeueiue aan.
N o/aoii eceiaeaiiiai i?aaenoaaeyaony iaeaieaa ?aoeei-
iaeueiui ecaeaiea I?aaeoaeuenoaii NNN? aaeeiiai aeoa i
oicyenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaieyo n i?aaeinoaaeaieai ieienoa?-
noaai e aaaeiinoaai NNN? e i?aaeoaeuenoaai nithciuo ?an-
ioaeee i?aaa onoaiaaeeaaoue iniaaiiinoe aai i?eiaiaiey
e iauaaeeiaieyi iiae/eiaiiuo nenoai.
-62-
I?aaiaia iieiaeaiea
ainoaea?noaaiiiai i?aaei?eyoey
Nioeeaeenoe/aneia ainoaea?noaaiiia i?iecaiaenoaaiiia
i?aaei?eyoea yaeyaony iniiaiui caaiii ia?iaeiiai oicye-
noaa. Caeanue nicaeathony iaoa?eaeueiua aeaaa, iaiin?aaenoaai-
ii ?aaeecoaony e aini?iecaiaeeony ainoaea?noaaiiay nioeea-
eenoe/aneay nianoaaiiinoue, ia?acoaony i?eaueue – iniia-
iie enoi/iee iaeiieaiee, iaoa?eaeueiay iniiaa ?anoe?ai-
iiai aini?iecaiaenoaa, ?acaeoey e niaa?oainoaiaaiey anao
noa? iauanoaaiiie aeecie.
Caeiiiaeaoaeue a i. 2 Iieiaeaiey i i?aaei?eyoee onoaii-
aee i?eciaee i?aaei?eyoey e iicaeiaa iiaoi?ee eo a iiei-
aeaieyo i i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaieyo (i. 2 Iieiaeaiey
i i?iecaiaenoaaiiii iauaaeeiaiee; i. 2 Iieiaeaiey i i?i-
ecaiaenoaaiiii no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiii iauaaeeiaiee; i. 2
Iieiaeaiey i eiiaeiaoa aaoiiiaeeueiiai o?ainii?oa). Oai
ia iaiaa ii iiaieth iaeioi?uo o/aiuo, ia ana oeacaiiua
a caeiia i?eciaee iaiaoiaeeiu aeey i?aaei?eyoey. Oaei-
aui, iai?eia?, yaeyaony iaeaaeaiea th?eaee/aneie ee/-
iinoueth. A iainiiaaiea yoie oi/ee c?aiey iie ooaa?ae-
aeatho, /oi i?aaei?eyoea – yeiiiie/aneay eaoaai?ey, eioi-
?ay ia iiaeao eiino?oe?iaaoueny ia iniiaa iinoi?iiiaai
aeey iaa th?eaee/aneiai e?eoa?ey, e a /anoiinoe iaee/ey eee
ionoonoaey i?aa th?eaee/aneiai eeoea (*35).
Iiaeoiaeeoue n i?ioeaiiieiaeiuo iiceoeee e aeaiiiio ai-
i?ino – cia/eo aeaoi?ie?iaaoue yoo eaoaai?eth,
ii neiaai Ae. I. Aaieeia, i?aaiaia ii?aaeaeaiea i?aaei?ey-
oey io aai yeiiiie/aneie nouiinoe(*36).
Iu i?eaea?aeeaaainy i?ioeaiiieiaeiie oi/ee c?aiey.
Iineieueeo i?aaei?eyoea anoue ia i?inoi i?iecaiaenoaaiiay
y/aeea, a iainiaeaiiue oiaa?ii?iecaiaeeoaeue (yoiai i?i-
oeaieee th?eaeecaoeee iiiyoey i?aaei?eyoey ia inia?eaatho),
oi iii aeieaeii auoue naiinoiyoaeueiui o/anoieeii oicyeno-
aaiiiai iai?ioa, o. a. iaeaaeaoue i?aaaie th?eaee/aneiai ee-
oea. Nnueee ia aiciiaeiinoue auoiaea a iai?io eiui iooai,
a ae?oaie i?aaiaie oi?ia, e a /anoiinoe ia ia/aeao i?aae-
noaaeoaeuenoaa, ia ?aoatho i?iaeaio, eai iaeciaiii aica?a-
uatho e iaiaoiaeeiinoe oaeiai iaeaaeaiey.
Ana i?eciaee i?aaei?eyoey, cae?aieaiiua aeaenoaothuei
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii, yaeythony iaiaoiaeeiuie e eeoue a iie-
iii ninoaaa nicaeatho i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiaoth oi?io
i?aaei?eyoey. Yoi neaaeothuea i?eciaee: iaee/ea i?aaieci-
aaiiiai ainoaea?noaii eieeaeoeaa ?aaioieeia; inouanoaea-
iea i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe ia aaca-
ainoaea?noaaiiie nianoaaiiinoe; cae?aieaiea ainoaea?noaai-
-63-
iiai eiouanoaa ia i?aaa iia?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey eee
iieueciaaiey; ooieoeeiie?iaaiea a niioaaonoaee n ia?iaeii-
oicyenoaaiiui ieaiii iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii auoanoiyuaai
i?aaia; aaaeaiea aeayoaeueiinoe ia iniiaa oic?an/aoa; iaee-
/ea naiinoiyoaeueiiai aaeaina; iaeaaeaiea nianoaaiiie i?a-
ainoauaeoiinoueth, a oii /enea th?eaee/aneie ee/iinoueth.
Iaeiaei en/a?iuaathuee ia?a/aiue iaiaoiaeeiuo i?ecia-
eia aua ia ?ane?uaaao nouiinoe i?aaei?eyoey, ia aeaao io-
aaoa ia aii?in, /oi oaeia ainoaea?noaaiiia i?aaei?eyoea.
A iieneao ioaaoa ia iaai iaeioi?ua o/aiua i?aaei?eie-
iatho iiiuoee auyaeoue iniiaiie ii?aaeaeythuee i?eciae-
naiaia?aciia yae?i, i?eoyaeaathuaa, eiinieeaee?othuaa ana
i?i/ea. Iaeie o/aiua n/eoatho oaeiaui eieeaeoea ?aai/eo
e neoaeaueo (*37), ae?oaea – inouanoaeaiea i?iecaiaenoaaiii-
oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe (*38) e o.ae.
Ii iaoaio iiaieth, aeey auyaeaiey nouiinoe i?aaei?ey-
oey oaeie iiaeoiae iaeiia?niaeoeaai. Au/eaiaiiua iin?aae-
noaii iao/iie aano?aeoeee e i?aaenoaaeaiiua iineaaeiaa-
oaeueiui ia?a/iai nouanoaaiiua i?eciaee i?aaei?eyoey a
?aaeueiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe ninoaaeytho ia?ac?uaiia aaeei-
noai, a eioi?ii ana eiiiiiaiou acaeiii?iieeatho, e eaae-
aeue ec ieo a naiai cia/aiee i?aaeii?aaeaeai e ia?aie/ai
ae?oaeie. A oaeie no?oeoo?a auaeaeaiea iniiaiiai, ii?aaea-
eythuaai i?eciaea anaaaea aoaeao ioiineoaeueiui, iaeiinoi-
?iiiei, a auaaaeaiiay ia aai iniiaa nouiinoue iaaaeaeaaoia
?aaeueiinoe.
Neioace?iaaiea i?eciaeia i?aaei?eyoey n o/aoii eo
aioo?aiieo naycae i?eaiaeeo e auaiaeo, /oi ainoaea?noaaiiia
i?iecaiaenoaaiiia i?aaei?eyoea a nouiinoe naiae i?aaenoaa-
eyao niaie au?aaioaiioth i?aeoeeie nioeeaeenoe/aneiai
no?ieoaeuenoaa i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiaoth oi?io ioiine-
oaeueii iainiaeaiiiai oiaa?ii?iecaiaeeoaey, nicaeaaaaiiai
ainoaea?noaii aeey i?iecaiaenoaa iaoa?eaeueiuo aeaa ia aa-
ca i?eiaaeeaaeaueo iineaaeiaio n?aaenoa i?iecaiaenoaa n
oeaeueth oaeiaeaoai?aiey iaoa?eaeueiuo iio?aaiinoae iaua-
noaa. Aeaiiay oa?aeoa?enoeea io?aaeaao oa oaeoi?u, eioi-
?ua ninoaaeytho iniiao i?aaei?eyoey eae iiiaia?aiiiai
yaeaiey, e niaaeeiyao ana aai nouanoaaiiua naienoaa: yei-
iiie/aneea, nioeeaeueiua, i?aaiaua. I?aaei?eyoea – yoi ia
eieeaeoea, ia iainiaeaiiia eiouanoai, ia ainoaea?noai,
i?aaiecothuaa naith aeayoaeueiinoue ia ii?aaeaeaiiii o/anoea
oicyenoaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa, acyoua naie ii naaa, a aino-
aea?noaaiiay i?aaiecaoeey, eioaa?e?othuay ana yoe naie-
noaa.
Aaeeiay i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiaay oi?ia ainoaea?noaai-
iiai i?aaei?eyoey aeaenoaoao a aeaoo iiaeeoeeaoeeyo: i?iec-
-64-
aiaenoaaiiiai (iaeiicaaiaeneiai, oieoa?iiai) i?aaei?eyoey e
i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey (eiiaeiaoa).
Eaeaioe/iu eo iacia/aiea e oa?aeoa? aeayoaeueiinoe,
ianoi e ?ieue a i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?a yeiiiieee. Iie
inouanoaeytho i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiioth aeayoaeue-
iinoue ia aaca cae?aieaiiie /anoe aaeeiiai oiiaea ainoaea?-
noaaiiiai eiouanoaa, aunooiatho a ea/anoaa naiinoiyoaeue-
iuo o/anoieeia oicyenoaaiiiai iai?ioa, o. a. yaeythony i?-
aaiecaoeeyie iniiaiiai (ia?ae/iiai) caaia ia?iaeiiai oi-
cyenoaa.
Iaeeiaeiai eo ianoi a nenoaia oi?aaeaiey yeiiiieeie.
Yoi ieciaua caaiuey oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai, iauaeou oi?aa-
eaiey niioaaonoaothueo io?aneaauo i?aaiia oicyenoaaiii-
ai ?oeiaiaenoaa.
Aiaeiae/iu iniiaiua /a?ou eo i?aaiaie i?aaiecaoeee:
ninoaa e i?aaiaie ?aaeei eiouanoaa, e?oa iniiaiuo i?aa
e iaycaiiinoae, niinia i?aaiaiai ioi?ieaiey (onoaaiua
i?aaiecaoeee).
Aeecea e th?eaee/aneay aaca eo aeayoaeueiinoe. A oao io-
?aneyo, aaea ionoonoaotho niaoeeaeueiua iauaainoaea?noaai-
iua iieiaeaiey i i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaieyo, iineaae-
iea ooieoeeiie?otho ia iniiaa Iieiaeaiey i i?aaei?eyoee
(i. 10 oeacaiiiai aeoa). Niaoeeaeueiua aea iieiaeaiey i
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaieyo a cia/eoaeueiie /anoe
iiaoi?ytho ii?iu Iieiaeaiey i i?aaei?eyoee. Ca i?aaeaea-
ie niaoeeaeueiuo iieiaeaiee i?iecaiaenoaaiiua iauaaeeiaiey
nio?aiytho iauoth n oieoa?iui i?aaei?eyoeai i?aaiaoth
aaco, ?oeiaiaenoaoynue ?aoaieyie I?aaeoaeuenoaa NNN?,
ii?aaeaeythueie ii?yaeie aeayoaeueiinoe i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoee (*39).
Iiaiea ia iaeiioeiiinoe i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiaie oi?-
iu i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?aaei?eyoey e i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai
iauaaeeiaiey ?acaeaeyaony aieueoeinoaii enneaaeiaaoaeae
yoie i?iaeaiu. Iaeiaei a eeoa?aoo?a auneacaia e ae?oaay
oi/ea c?aiey: (*40).
A iainiiaaiea oaeie iiceoeee nnueathony ia i?enouea
i?iecaiaenoaaiiui iauaaeeiaieyi aieaa e?oiiua ianooaau
aeayoaeueiinoe, aieaa neiaeioth no?oeoo?o (iie aeeth/atho a
naay oaa?eee, caaiaeu, a ia oeaoe), ia oa??eoi?eaeueioth ?an-
n?aaeioi/aiiinoue no?oeoo?iuo iiae?acaeaeaiee, ia cia/eoaeue-
ioth yeiiiie/aneoth e i?aaiaoth naiinoiyoaeueiinoue iineaae-
ieo e naycaiioth n yoei aieaa neiaeioth i?aaiaoth i?aaie-
caoeeth aeayoaeueiinoe iauaaeeiaiey eae aioo?e naay, oae e
aiaia. Ooaa?aeaeatho oaeaea, /oi i?iecaiaenoaaiiia iauaaeeia- –
-65-
iea inouanoaeyao ieaiiai-?aaoee?othuea ooieoeee, aiaei-
ae/iua oai, eioi?ua auiieiythony oi?aaeaieai oicyeno-
aaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey.
Ianeieueei aeieacaoaeueiu yoe a?aoiaiou? *oi eanaaony
ianooaaiinoe, neiaeiinoe no?oeoo?u, oa??eoi?eaeueiie
?ann?aaeioi/aiiinoe i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee, oi yoe
naienoaa – ?anieua/aoua e iaeiii?aaeaeaiiua, i?enouea
?aciui iauaaeeiaieyi a iaiaeeiaeiaie ia?a, ia?aaeei naie-
noaaiiu e o?aaeeoeeiiiui i?aaei?eyoeyi – ia nicaeatho ia-
aeaaeiiai ?aca?aie/eoaeueiiai e?eoa?ey. Aeaenoaeoaeueii, anoue
e?oiiua i?aaei?eyoey e anoue iaaieueoea i?iecaiaenoaaiiua
iauaaeeiaiey. Eiathony i?aaei?eyoey, aeeth/athuea a naie
ninoaa e?oiiua i?iecaiaenoaa (ei?iona), iiae?acaeaeythuea-
ny ia oeaoe, eioi?ua ii/oe ia ioee/athony io oaa?ee, caai-
aeia – no?oeoo?iuo iiae?acaeaeaiee i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iaua-
aeeiaiee. Oa??eoi?eaeueiay ?ann?aaeioi/aiiinoue iaaethaeaao-
ny o iiiaeo i?iiuoeaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee (eani?iioicu,
i?iieiiaeiaou e o.i.), a aeey i?aaei?eyoee ae?oaeo io?an-
eae: no?ieoaeuenoaa, o?ainii?oa, nayce, oi?aiaee, auoiaiai
ianeoaeeaaiey aiiaua ninoaaeyao iauaa i?aaeei.
O?oaeii niaeaneoueny e n oai, /oi oi?aaeai/aneay aeay-
oaeueiinoue i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey aiaeiae/ia aeay-
oaeueiinoe oi?aaeaiey oicyenoaaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey. A ia?-
aii neo/aa yoi oi?aaeaiea naiei niaie, naieie iiae?acaea-
eaieyie, nianoaaiiie aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoueth – iaiouaiea-
iue yeaiaio i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna, iiae/eiythueeny
aeeeooaiui ei caeiiiia?iinoyi. Ai aoi?ii – ?a/ue eaeao
ia oi?aaeaiee aeayoaeueiinoueth e ?oeiaiaenoaa iiae/eiaiiu-
ie naiinoiyoaeueiuie i?aaiecaoeeyie. Iii ia eiaao iaii-
n?aaenoaaiiie nayce n i?iecaiaenoaaiiui i?ioeannii, iiae/e-
iyaony ae?oaei caeiiiia?iinoyi, inouanoaeyaony eia/a.
Yoi nouanoaaiii ?acee/iua oi?iu oi?aaeai/aneie aeay-
oaeueiinoe: iia?aoeaii-oicyenoaaiiay e ieaiiai-?aaoee-
?othuay.
Iaeaieaa aaneei a?aoiaioii, io?aaeathuei aeaenoae-
oaeueiia ioee/ea i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey io oie-
oa?iiai i?aaei?eyoey, yaeyaony ooaa?aeaeaiea i aieaa neiae-
iie i?aaiaie i?aaiecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey.
Ii iia ia nicaeaao naiinoiyoaeueiiai oeia oicyenoaaiiiai
i?aaia. Iia?aoeaiay naiinoiyoaeueiinoue no?oeoo?iuo iiae-
?acaeaeaiee i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey (i?iecaiaeno-
aaiiuo aaeeieoe) ia aeinoeaaao th?eaee/aneie naiinoiyoaeue-
iinoe iainiaeaiiiai oiaa?ii?iecaiaeeoaey. Iia i?iyaeyaony
a ?aieao yeiiiie/aneiai, i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai e th?eaee/a-
neiai aaeeinoaa i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey, ia ?ac?o-
oay yoiai aaeeinoaa e ia i?aa?auay i?iecaiaenoaaiiia
-66-
iauaaeeiaiea ai aoi?e/iia ia?aciaaiea yeiiiieee – oi-
cyenoaaiioth nenoaio i?iiaaeooi/iiai caaia. Naiaia?acea
i?aaiaie i?aaiecaoeee aeaao iniiaaiea aeey aeaeiauo ?aca?a-
ie/aiee i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey e i?iecaiaenoaai-
iiai i?aaei?eyoey a ?aieao iaeiiai th?eaee/aneiai oeia –
ainoaea?noaaiiiai i?aaei?eyoey.
Ia ia?aue acaeyae iiaeao iieacaoueny, /oi anee iu ia
ioiaeaeanoaeyai i?iecaiaenoaaiiia iauaaeeiaiea ie n o?aaee-
oeeiiiui (oieoa?iui) i?aaei?eyoeai, ie n oicyenoaaiiui
iauaaeeiaieai, oi ia eiaao cia/aiey, yaeyaony iii ?acii-
aeaeiinoueth i?aaei?eyoey eee aeaeii iauaaeeiaiey. Anee ?o-
eiaiaenoaiaaoueny niia?aaeaieyie i?aeoe/aneiai niunea,
eioi?ua aeieaeiu i?enoonoaiaaoue a ethaie iao/iie eeanne-
oeeaoeee – a aeaiiii neo/aa neoaeaiea caaea/ai niaa?oai-
noaiaaiey i?aaiaie ?aaeaiaioaoeee aeayoaeueiinoe i?iecaiae-
noaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee, oeiecaoeee i?aaiaiai noaoona iaeii-
ii?yaeeiauo i?aaiia, eiinieeaeaoeee caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa a
?anniao?eaaaiie iaeanoe, oi i?ioea oaeie ioeaiee neaaeoao
aic?aceoue.
?aoay oeacaiiua caaea/e, caeiiiaeaoaeue i?aaeaea anaai
i?eaioe?oaony ia oaea au?aaioaiiua e aeaenoaothuea oi?-
iu. I?aeoe/aneay cia/eiinoue ioianaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiii-
ai iauaaeeiaiey e oeio i?aaei?eyoee eee oeio iauaaeeiaiee
e ninoieo a auyaeaiee ?aaeueiiai aiaeiaa, ia eioi?ue nea-
aeoao i?eaioe?iaaoueny caeiiiaeaoaeth i?e oi?ie?iaaiee e
niaa?oainoaiaaiee i?aaiaiai noaoona yoeo i?aaiecaoeee, a
oaeaea i?e ?ac?aaioea eiinieeaee?iaaiiuo aeoia i oicye-
noaaiiuo i?aaiao a /anoe, eanathuaeny i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo
iauaaeeiaiee.
Aiaeec iieacuaaao, /oi caeiiiaeaoaeue i?e anai aieia-
iee e i?aaiecaoeeiiii-no?oeoo?iie niaoeeoeea yoeo i?aa-
iecaoeee, nicaeaaay aeey eaaeaeie ec ?aciiaeaeiinoae niano-
aaiiue i?aaiaie noaoon e ioiineoaeueii aaoiiiiioth (aei-
eoiaioaeueii iainiaeaiioth) ii?iaoeaioth aaco, a niaea?aea-
iee i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey i?eaioe?oaony ana aea ia ii-
aeaeue i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?aaei?eyoey. A i?aaiauo iiceoeeyo
iineaaeiaai e i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey iauaai iiiai
aieueoa, /ai ioee/iiai. I?eiaiea aeey iaicia/aiey yoie
iauiinoe i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oaoie/aneee oa?iei
ca i?aaeaeaie iaicia/aiey aa th?eaee/aneoth noi?iio. En-
iieueciaaiea aea a oeacaiiuo oeaeyo oa?ieia
/aneie, aua e i?aaiaoth iaa?oceo, iicaieyao ecaaaeaoue oa-
eiai i?iaaea, a iioiio e yaeyaony i?aaeii/oeoaeueiui.
-67-
Eoae, a eeanneoeeaoeeiiiii ieaia i?iecaiaenoaaiiia
iauaaeeiaiea anoue ainoaea?noaaiiia i?aaei?eyoea, ii i?aae-
i?eyoea iniaiai ?iaea.
A iniiaa yoie i?aaiecaoeeiiiie oi?iu eaaeeo i?aaie/a-
neia ni/aoaiea aeaoo iauaeoeaii iaiaoiaeeiuo ia/ae. N iae-
iie noi?iiu, yeiiiie/aneia, i?aaiecaoeeiiiia e i?aaiaia
aaeeinoai iauaaeeiaiey, iicaieythuaa iioeiaeueii eniieueci-
aaoue i?aeiouanoaa eiioeaio?aoeee i?iecaiaenoaa, a n ae?o-
aie – oe?ieay iia?aoeaiay naiinoiyoaeueiinoue ninoaaeyth-
ueo iauaaeeiaiea i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo aaeeieoe, aac eioi?ie
i?e cia/eoaeueiie oa??eoi?eaeueiie ?ann?aaeioi/aiiinoe
iineaaeieo, aeeiaie/iinoe oneiaee oicyenoaiaaiey, eioai-
neaiinoe e ?acaaoaeaiiinoe i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo naycae, i?e-
o?i/aiiinoe eo e aeayoaeueiinoe ii?aaeaeaiiuo aaeeieoe ia-
aiciiaeii ?aoeeiiaeueii i?aaieciaaoue i?iecaiaenoaaiiue
i?ioeann.
Oeacaiiui ni/aoaieai e i?aaeii?aaeaeaii naiaia?acea
i?aaiaiai noaoona i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey ii
n?aaiaieth n oieoa?iui i?aaei?eyoeai. Yoi eanaaony i?a-
ainoauaeoiinoe i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo aaeeieoe e aa niioiioaiey
n i?aainoauaeoiinoueth iauaaeeiaiey, a oaeaea eiuo noi?ii
aai th?eaee/aneie oi?iu: ii?iaoeaiie aacu ooieoeeiie?i-
aaiey, i?aaiaiai ?aaeeia eiouanoaa, i?aaiaie i?aaieca-
oeee aiaoieo e aioo?aiieo naycae e o. i.
Oeaio?aeueiay i?iaeaia i?aaiaie i?aaiecaoeee i?iecaiae-
noaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee – i?aaiaia iieiaeaiea i?iecaiaeno-
aaiiuo aaeeieoe, iniiaiua i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe eioi?uo
ii?aaeaeaiu caeiiiaeaoaeai a iieiaeaieyo i i?iecaiaenoaai-
iuo iauaaeeiaieyo. Oai naiui onoaiiaeaia iaeaieaa oeaea-
niia?aciay ia?a aeaoeaio?aeecaoeee i?aaiecaoeeiiiie aeay-
oaeueiinoe a iauaaeeiaiee, inouanoaeaia ?aoeeiiaeueiay oie-
oeeaoeey e ioiineoaeueiay noaaeeecaoeey i?aaiauo iiceoeee
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo aaeeieoe.
Iauaeoeaii nouanoaothuea ?acee/ey a oneiaeyo aeay-
oaeueiinoe i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee e aeaaea ?aciuo
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo aaeeieoe iaeiiai iauaaeeiaiey iio?aaiaaee
iaania/eoue aiciiaeiinoue aeey ecaanoiie aeeooa?aioeeaoeee
i?aaiaiai noaoona iineaaeieo, /oi iaoei au?aaeaiea a nii-
niaao ii?aaeaeaiey eo i?aaiauo aiciiaeiinoae: a iaeieo
neo/ayo caeii onoaiaaeeaaao aiieia eiie?aoii eo i?aaa
e iaycaiiinoe; a ae?oaeo – eeoue a?aieoeu i?aa n aiceiaea-
ieai ia iauaaeeiaiea iaycaiiinoe eo eiie?aoecaoeee, enoi-
aey ec niaoeeoeee aeayoaeueiinoe aaeeieoe; a o?aoueeo – iaua-
aeeiaieth i?aaeinoaaeyaony aiciiaeiinoue ?anoe?youe e?oa
i?aa i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aaeeieoeu ii n?aaiaieth n i/a?/ai-
iui caeiiii ca n/ao nianoaaiiie eiiiaoaioeee. Iaeneiaeue-
-68-
ii iieiay e eiie?aoiay ?aaeaiaioaoeey i?aaiaiai noaoona
aaeeieoeu inouanoaeyaony iooai ecaeaiey iieiaeaiey i iae,-
ooaa?aeaeaaiiai aaia?aeueiui aee?aeoi?ii (aee?aeoi?ii)
iauaaeeiaiey. A i?aeoeea eiaao ianoi e a eeoa?aoo?a ?an-
oeaieaaaony eae aiieia aeiionoeiia onoaiiaeaiea iauaaee-
iaieai i?aa e iaycaiiinoae i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo aaeeieoe a
ae?oaeo i?aaiauo aeieoiaioao: i?eeacao, eino?oeoeeyo, i?i-
oieieao e o. i. Ia eneeth/ay oaeie aiciiaeiinoe a ii?yaeea
a?aiaiiie ia?u eee a /anoe i?aa e iaycaiiinoae a?aiai-
iiai oa?aeoa?a, neaaeoao ana aea i?eciaoue i?aaeii/oeoaeue-
iui cae?aieaiea eiiiaoaioeee i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aaeeieoeu
e iieiii iauaia a iieiaeaiee i iae.
I?iecaiaenoaaiiay aaeeieoea, ia aoaeo/e naiinoiyoaeueiie
i?aaiecaoeeae e ia ?aniieaaay th?eaee/aneie ee/iinoueth, ia-
eaaeaao aeinoaoi/ii oe?ieeie i?aaaie ii iia?aoeaiie i?-
aaiecaoeee naiae aeayoaeueiinoe, aieioue aei o/anoey ai aiao-
ieo oicyenoaaiiuo ioiioaieyo – n o/?aaeaeaieyie aaieia,
i?aaiaie iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneiai niaaaeaiey, eiuie
i?aaei?eyoeyie e i?aaiecaoeeyie.
O/eouaay iauaeoeaiua iio?aaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaaiiie
aaeeieoeu eae ioiineoaeueii iainiaeaiiiai a ?aieao iaua-
aeeiaiey e oa??eoi?eaeueii oaeaeaiiiai io aai aiia?aoa
o/anoieea i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe,
caeiiiaeaoaeue iaycae i?iecaiaenoaaiiua iauaaeeiaiey ca-
e?aieyoue ca aaeeieoeaie /anoue iniiaiuo e iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa
iauaaeeiaiey, iaiaoiaeeioth aeey auiieiaiey eo (aaeeieoe)
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie i?ia?aiiu, a oaeaea ia?aaeaaaoue ei a
?anii?yaeaiea /anoue iiiu?eoaeueiuo oiiaeia. Iai?ioiua
n?aaenoaa cae?aieythony ca aaeeieoeae a niioaaonoaee n ii?-
iaoeaii, onoaiiaeaiiui iauaaeeiaieai (i. 40, 51 Iiei-
aeaiey i i?iecaiaenoaaiiii iauaaeeiaiee: i. 40, 51 Iieiaea-
iey i eiiaeiaoa aaoiiiaeeueiiai o?ainii?oa), a n?aaenoaa
iiiu?eoaeueiuo oiiaeia – ii iieacaoaeyi aa aeayoaeue-
iinoe (i. 40, 127 Iieiaeaiey i i?iecaiaenoaaiiii iauaaee-
iaiee; i. 41, 112 Iieiaeaiey i i?iecaiaenoaaiiii no?ie-
oaeueii-iiioaaeiii iauaaeeiaiee; i. 40, 117 Iieiaeaiey i
eiiaeiaoa aaoiiiaeeueiiai o?ainii?oa). Iaeiaei iauaaee-
iaiey ia?aaeei oeeiiythony io i?aaeinoaaeaiey aaeeieoeai
iai?ioiuo aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa, io ?ani?aaeaeaiey iaaeaeo
aaeeieoeaie iiiu?eoaeueiuo oiiaeia. I?e yoii iau/ii nnu-
eathony eeai ia ionoonoaea /aoeeo oeacaiee ioiineoaeueii’
no?oeoo?u e ii?yaeea ?an/aoa ii?iaoeaa iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa’
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aaeeieoeu, iaii?aaeaeaiiinoue e?eoa?eaa y
iieacaoaeae ii?aaeaeaiey aa aeiee a iiiu?eoaeueiuo oiiaeao
iauaaeeiaiey, eeai ia /?acia?ioth neiaeiinoue e o?oaeiai-.
einoue naycaiiuo n yoei ?an/aoia. Niioaaonoaothuea oeaca-
-69-
iey oeaio?ia io?aneaauo nenoai auee au caeanue aanueia ii-
eaciu.
Caeii i?aaeoniao?eaaao oaeaea aiciiaeiinoue ia?aaea/e
iauaaeeiaieai i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aaeeieoea /anoe oiiaea ?ac-
aeoey i?iecaiaenoaa e /anoe eiaanoeoeeiiiuo n?aaenoa oiiaea
oe?iio?aaa (oai, aaea ii nicaeaaony). Iaeiaei oaeay ia?a-
aea/a ia iaycaoaeueia. Iia iiaeao i?iecaiaeeoueny iauaaeeia-
ieai ii naiaio oniio?aieth ia iniiaa nianoaaiiie ioeaiee
aa oeaeaniia?aciinoe. E anee i?e iai?aaeinoaaeaiee aaeeie-
oea oeacaiiiai ?aiaa eiouanoaa (iiiu?eoaeueiua oiiaeu,
aeaiaaeiua iai?ioiua n?aaenoaa) iia iiaeao o?aaiaaoue aai
ia iniiaaiee naiaai i?aaa, oi a ioiioaiee oiiiyioouo
eiaanoeoeeiiiuo n?aaenoa o iaa oaeiai i?aaa iao.
Aeiionoeia ee ia?aaea/a aaeeieoea eiuo niaoeeaeueiuo
oiiaeia iauaaeeiaiey (eaieoaeueiiai ?aiiioa, niaeaenoaey
aiaae?aieth ecia?aoaiee e ?aoeeiiaeecaoi?neeo i?aaeeiaea-
iee e o. i.)? I?aeoeea ia yoio aii?in, eae i?aaeei, ioaa-
/aao io?eoeaoaeueii, iineieueeo caeii niaoeeaeueii oaeie aic-
iiaeiinoe ia i?aaeoniao?eaaao. Yoa iiceoeey i?aaenoaaeyaony
iai?aaeeueiie. Onoaiiaeaiiay caeiiii aeey i?iecaiaeno-
aaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee iauay aiciiaeiinoue ia?aaeaaaoue aaee-
ieoea aeiiieieoaeueii (ii ioiioaieth e niaoeeaeueii i?aaeo-
niio?aiiui a caeiia) i?aaa a i?aaeaeao nianoaaiiie eii-
iaoaioeee ca eneeth/aieai i?aa, ia?aaeaiiuo auoanoiyuae
i?aaiecaoeeae (i. 9 Iieiaeaiey i i?iecaiaenoaaiiii iaua-
aeeiaiee; i. 9 Iieiaeaiey i i?iecaiaenoaaiiii no?ieoaeueii-
iiioaaeiii iauaaeeiaiee; i. 9 Iieiaeaiey i eiiaeiaoa aa-
oiiiaeeueiiai o?ainii?oa), iie?uaaao e /anoioth aiciiae-
iinoue i?aaeinoaaeaiey aeiiieieoaeueiuo i?aa a ioiioaiee
cae?aieaiiiai ca iauaaeeiaieai eiouanoaa. Iiyoiio ia?a-
aea/a aaeeieoea n?aaenoa ec ethaiai ec niaoeeaeueiuo oiiaeia
iauaaeeiaiey aeieaeia ?anniao?eaaoueny eae i?aaiia?iay, e
ieeaeea niaoeeaeueiua aeiiieiaiey a aeaenoaothuaa caeiii-
aeaoaeuenoai caeanue ia o?aaothony.
Caeiiiaeaoaeue ii?aaeaeaiiui ia?acii aa?aioe?oao eio-
uanoaaiiua i?aaa i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aaeeieoeu a oie ia?a,
a eaeie yoi aeeeooaony ioiineoaeueiie iainiaeaiiinoueth aa
eiouanoaaiiuo eioa?ania e i?aaie/aneie naycueth n iaua-
aeeiaieai a oeaeii.
Ia?aaeaiiua a ?anii?yaeaiea aaeeieoeu n?aaenoaa iiiu?e-
oaeueiuo oiiaeia ecuyoeth ia iiaeeaaeao (i. 51 Iieiaeaiey
i i?iecaiaenoaaiiii iauaaeeiaiee; i. 51 Iieiaeaiey i eii-
aeiaoa aaoiiiaeeueiiai o?ainii?oa). Aiaeiae/ii ?aoai ai-
i?in ioiineoaeueii cae?aieaiiuo ca iath iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa
a i?aaeaeao ii?iaoeaa. Aeiioneaaony eeoue ecuyoea eceeo-
eia, ia?aciaaaoeony eae oaeoe/anee, oae e a nayce n ecia-
-70-
iaieai ii?iaoeaa (i. 41 Iieiaeaiey i i?iecaiaenoaaiiii
iauaaeeiaiee; i. 41 Iieiaeaiey i eiiaeiaoa aaoiiiaeeue-
iiai o?ainii?oa). A caeiia aiai?eony, /oi iauaaeeiaiey
iaycaiu ii i?aaeeiaeaieth i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aaeeieoeu ecu-
iaoue eceeoee iniiaiuo n?aaenoa. Iaeiaei aiciiaeiinoue
ecuyoey iniiaiuo n?aaenoa ia ia?aie/aia eceeoeaie. Onoa-
iiaeaiea oaeiai ia?aie/aiey i?ioeai?a/eei au yeiiiie-
/aneiio aaeeinoao iauaaeeiaiey, noceei au aai aiciiae-
iinoe ii niaa?oainoaiaaieth i?iecaiaenoaa, niaoeeaeecaoeee
e eiioeaio?aoeee, iineieueeo i?iaaaeaiea niioaaonoaothueo
ia?ii?eyoee, eae i?aaeei, nii?yaeaii n ia?aaea/ae oaea ca-
e?aieaiiuo ca aaeeieoeae iniiaiuo n?aaenoa (e ia oieueei ec-
eeoieo) niaoeeaeece?oaiui eee oe?oiiyaiui iiae?acaea-
eaieyi. Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi i?e aieaa i?i/iii cae?ai-
eaiee eiouanoaa ca i?aaei?eyoeyie, oi?aaeaiea i?iiuo-
eaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey ai?aaa ecuiaoue o ieo iaiaoiaeeiia
eiouanoai, a oii /enea e iniiaiua n?aaenoaa, i?e oeaio?a-
eecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiuo ooieoeee (i. 34
Iieiaeaiey i i?iiuoeaiiuo iauaaeeiaieyo).
Eiouanoaaiiua i?aaiii/ey i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aaeeieoeu
?aaeecothony a iniiaiii ai aioo?eoicyenoaaiiuo ioiioa-
ieyo. Ii a onoaiiaeaiiuo caeiiii ?aieao iie iieo/atho
e aiaoithth ?aaeecaoeeth. A /anoiinoe io eiaie iauaaeeia-
iey e a onoaiiaeaiiuo ei i?aaeaeao, ii a eaaeaeii ioaeaeue-
iii neo/aa ii nianoaaiiiio oniio?aieth aaeeieoea niaa?-
oaao oiaa?iiaiaiiua iia?aoeee, ia?aaeaao a i?aaeoniio?ai-
iuo caeiiii neo/ayo naia eiouanoai ae?oaei i?aaieca-
oeeyi: i?ionithciiio eiieoaoo, ea/aaiui o/?aaeaeaieyi,
o/aaiui caaaaeaieyi, i?aaei?eyoeyi iauanoaaiiiai ieoa-
iey – a iieueciaaiea, iia?aoeaiia oi?aaeaiea eee niano-
aaiiinoue (i. 46-48, 49 Iieiaeaiey i i?iecaiaenoaaiiii
iauaaeeiaiee; i. 47-49, 50 Iieiaeaiey i i?iecaiaenoaaiiii
no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiii iauaaeeiaiee: i. 46-48, 49 Iiei-
aeaiey i eiiaeiaoa aaoiiiaeeueiiai o?ainii?oa); io naiaai
eiaie ioe?uaaao a o/?aaeaeaiee Ainaaiea oaeouee n/ao e
inouanoaeyao /a?ac iaai i?aaeoniio?aiiua caeiiii ?an/ao-
iua iia?aoeee (*42).
Iiieii ia?a/eneaiiuo, i?iecaiaenoaaiiay aaeeieoea ii-
aeao eiaoue e ae?oaea i?aaa ii ?anii?yaeaieth cae?aieaiiui
ca iath eiouanoaii, anee iauaaeeiaiea i?aaeinoaaeo eo ae
ec nianoaaiiie eiiiaoaioeee. Ia iao acaeyae, iao th?eaee-
/aneeo i?aiyonoaee aeey ia?aaea/e aaeeieoea oaeeo iieiiii-
/ee, eae ?aaeeciauaaoue eceeoiea iaoa?eaeueiua oeaiiinoe,
eioi?ua n niaethaeaieai onoaiiaeaiiuo i?aaee ai?aaa ?aa-
eeciaaoue naii iauaaeeiaiea, anee iineaaeiaa ia ioaeaeaaony
a ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiee aai iaaeaeo naieie i?iecaiaenoaaiiuie
-71-
aaeeieoeaie, naeaaaoue a a?aiaeo a?aiaiii iaeniieuecoaiua
iauaeou, ioiinyueany e iniiaiui oiiaeai, nienuaaoue n
aaeaina n niiauaieai iauaaeeiaieth ii?aeueii onoa?aaoaa,
eciioaiiia e iai?eaiaeiia e aeaeueiaeoaio eniieueciaaieth
iai?oaeiaaiea, o?ainii?oiua n?aaenoaa, eiaaioa?ue, eiaaea
ainnoaiiaeaiea yoiai eiouanoaa iaaiciiaeii eee yeiiiie-
/anee iaoeaeaniia?acii e iii ia iiaeao auoue ?aaeeciaaii;
caeaiey e nii?oaeaiey, nianaiiua a nayce ni no?ieoaeuenoaii
iiauo iauaeoia, a oaeaea i?eoaaeoea a aaooia ninoiyiea;
auaeaaaoue ae?oaei i?aaei?eyoeyi e i?aaiecaoeeyi iaoa?eaeu
e eiiieaeoothuea ecaeaeey aeey ecaioiaeaiey o?aaothuaeny
ae i?iaeoeoeee, a oaeaea iaoa?eaeu, iieooaa?eeaou e aioi-
aua ecaeaeey aeey auiieiaiey iaiaoiaeeiuo iao/ii-enneaaei-
aaoaeueneeo, iiuoii-eiino?oeoi?neeo ?aaio e o. i. Iaee/ea
th?eaee/aneie aiciiaeiinoe aeey ia?aaea/e aaeeieoea ia?a/en-
eaiiuo i?aa ia i?aae?aoaao aii?ina i aa oeaeaniia?aciinoe
a eaaeaeii ioaeaeueiii neo/aa. Caeanue iaiaoiaeei ouaoaeueiue
o/ao niaoeeoe/aneeo oneiaee ooieoeeiie?iaaiey iauaaeeia-
iey a oeaeii e eaaeaeie aai i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aaeeieoeu, iao-
neiaeeaathueo oo eee eioth ia?o oeaio?aeecaoeee a ?anii-
?yaeaiee eiouanoaii iauaaeeiaiey.
Iaeii ec iaeaieaa y?eeo i?iyaeaiee niaoeeoeee i?aai-
aie i?aaiecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey – o/a-
noea i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aaeeieoeu a oicyenoaaiii-aeiaiai?iuo
ioiioaieyo. A niioaaonoaee n caeiiii iineaaeiyy io eiaie
iauaaeeiaiey e ca aai ioaaonoaaiiinoueth caeeth/aao oicye-
noaaiiua aeiaiai?u a i?aaeaeao ia?a/iy, onoaiaaeeaaaiiai
iauaaeeiaieai.
E?oa yoeo ioiioaiee, io?aaeay eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia ?acaea-
eaiea o?oaea a eaaeaeii iauaaeeiaiee, ia iiaeaeaaony oieoe-
eaoeee a iauaainoaea?noaaiiii ianooaaa, a cia/eo, ia ii-
aeao auoue ii?aaeaeai e a iauaii?iaoeaiii ii?yaeea. Iiyoi-
io caeiiiaeaoaeue, onoaiiaea iauoth aiciiaeiinoue caeeth/a-
iey aaeeieoeae oicyenoaaiiuo aeiaiai?ia io eiaie e ca io-
aaonoaaiiinoueth iauaaeeiaiey, ii a nianoaaiiii eioa?ana
(i. 11 Iieiaeaiey i i?iecaiaenoaaiiii iauaaeeiaiee; i. 11
Iieiaeaiey i i?iecaiaenoaaiiii no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiii
iauaaeeiaiee; i. 11 Iieiaeaiey i eiiaeiaoa aaoiiiaeeueii-
ai o?ainii?oa); aa i?aai caueuaoue naie eioa?anu, ia?o-
oaiiua eee inia?eaaaiua eiio?aaaioii (no. 14, 20, 21, 55,
56, 59, 63, 89, 92 I?aaee ?anniio?aiey oicyenoaaiiuo nii-
?ia ainoaea?noaaiiuie a?aeo?aaeaie, ooaa?aeaeaiiuo Niaa-
oii Ieieno?ia NNN? 5 ethey 1980 a.)(*43); i?aaiaie ?aaeei
aeiaiai?iuo ioiioaiee, a eioi?uo iia iiaeao o/anoai-
aaoue, – aiceiaeee ia i?iecaiaenoaaiiia iauaaeeiaiea iay-
caiiinoue ii?aaeaeyoue oi/iua a?aieoeu o/anoey naieo aaeeieoe
-72-
a aeaiiuo ioiioaieyo n o/aoii e nii?yaeaieai anao aeaeno-
aothueo caeanue ii?aaeaeythueo oaeoi?ia.
Onoaiiaeaiea oaeiai ia?a/iy eiiaaea ?anniao?eaaaony
eae aeaeaae?iaaiea i?aa i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aaeeieoea ni noi-
?iiu iauaaeeiaiey (*44). Oaeay eaaeeoeeaoeey aucuaaao aic-
?aaeaiey. Aeaeaae?iaaiea anaaaea aace?oaony ia noauaeoea-
iii i?aaa aeaeaae?othuae noi?iiu. ?oeiaiaenoaoynue i?aaei-
noaaeaiiie ae caeiiii iauae aiciiaeiinoueth ia?aaea/e:
i?aa, iia ii naiaio oniio?aieth ?aoaao aeaeaae?iaaoue eee
ia aeaeaae?iaaoue oi eee eiia ec naieo i?aa. O?aaiaaoue ia-
?aaea/e iaeuecy. Onoaiiaeaiea aea ia?a/iy aeiaiai?ia, ca-
eeth/aaiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aaeeieoeae, ninoaaeyao iay-
caiiinoue iauaaeeiaiey ii ?aaoee?iaaieth aeayoaeueiinoe
naieo aaeeieoe. Aaeeieoea iiaeao o?aaiaaoue aai onoaiiaeaiey
ia iniiaa naiaai i?aaa, i?aaeinoaaeaiiiai caeiiii. Oaeei
ia?acii, i?aaiaui iniiaaieai o/anoey i?iecaiaenoaaiiie
aaeeieoeu a aeiaiai?iuo ioiioaieyo neoaeeo aa eiiiaoai-
oeey, oi?ie?oaiay iniaui ia?acii.
Yoio auaiae niioaaonoaoao ia oieueei niuneo i?aaiaiai>
?aaoee?iaaiey ?anniao?eaaaiuo ioiioaiee, ii e naiie;
oi?ioee?iaea caeiia, aeanyuaai, /oi oicyenoaaiiua aei-
aiai?u caeeth/athony aee?aeoi?ii i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aaeeie-
oeu a i?aaeaeao aa eiiiaoaioeee. Oai ia iaiaa aeaiiay eaa-
eeoeeaoeey ia yaeyaony iauai?eciaiiie. A eeoa?aoo?a ii
?anniao?eaaaiiio aii?ino auneacaiu e ae?oaea noaeaea-
iey (*45).
Ana iie ia aannii?iua a oai?aoe/aneii ioiioaiee, a a
i?aeoe/aneii ieaia i?yii eee einaaiii i?eaioe?otho ia
eiioeaio?aoeeth i?aa, eanathueony caeeth/aiey aeiaiai?ia, a
iauaaeeiaiee e neaaoth aeoeaiinoue aaeeieoe a aeaiiie noa?a-
ioiioaiee. Yoi ia niioaaonoaoao caaea/a oi?i/aiey e yo-
oaeoeaiiai eniieueciaaiey oi?iu i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iaua-
aeeiaiey (*46), iineieueeo e oi, e ae?oaia iie?aaony ia i?eioee-
ieaeueii eioth onoaiiaeo – aeaoeaio?aeecaoeeth ooieoeee,
i?aa e iaycaiiinoae a ?aieao aaeeiie i?aaiecaoeee.
I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi i?iecaiaenoaaiiay aaeeieoea aeieaeia
iaeaaeaoue iaeneioiii aiciiaeiinoae aeey o/anoey a aei-
aiai?iuo ioiioaieyo n o/aoii auiieiyaiuo ath ooieoeee e
iai?aiaiiui oneiaeai nio?aiaiey yeiiiie/aneie oeaeino-
iinoe e th?eaee/aneiai aaeeinoaa iauaaeeiaiey – iniiaiiai
(ieciaiai) caaia i?iecaiaenoaa. I?aeoeea, iaeiaei, ia
anaaaea i?eaea?aeeaaaony yoie iiceoeee. Eiiaaea i?iecaiaeno-
aaiiui aaeeieoeai i?aaeinoaaeyaony aiciiaeiinoue caeeth-
/aoue i?aeoe/anee ana o?aaoaiua aeiaiai?u aeey iaania/aiey
eo i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe, /oi aaaeao e ineaaeaieth
eiio?iey iauaaeeiaiey ca ?anoe?eaoaeny noa?ie naieo.
-73-
aeiaiai?iuo ioiioaiee. *aua aea i?iecaiaenoaaiiua aaeeie-
oeu aiiaua eeoathony i?aaa caeeth/aoue aeiaiai?u. Oaeay
oeaio?aeecaoeey eceeoia ia?aiaiyao aiia?ao oi?aaeaiey
iauaaeeiaiey, i?aiyonoaoao oi?ie?iaaieth iaeaieaa yo-
oaeoeaiuo oicyenoaaiiuo naycae, caoyaeaaao i?iaaaeaiea
aeiaiai?iuo eaiiaiee, iaoneiaeeaaao eiua iaaeaeaoaeueiua
iineaaenoaey. Ia?aaeei ?aiaa naiinoiyoaeueiua i?aaei?eyoey,
-noaa i?iecaiaenoaaiiuie aaeeieoeaie e ia iieo/ea io iaua-
aeeiaiey iieiiii/ee ia caeeth/aiea aeiaiai?ia, i?iaeie-
aeatho eo caeeth/aoue – oaia?ue oaea io eiaie iauaaeeiaiey.
A?aeo?aaeiay i?aeoeea a neo/aa i?aaeuyaeaiey enea e iaua-
aeeiaieth iainiiaaiii i?eciaao oaeea aeiaiai?u iaaeaeno-
aeoaeueiuie. Naeaeea aiioee?oaony, ai acuneaiee naieoeee
ioeacuaaaony. Eiiaaea iauaaeeiaiey niciaoaeueii eaeoo ia
caeeth/aiea aaeeieoeaie aeiaiai?ia aac iieiiii/ee, ?ann/e-
ouaay, /oi a neo/aa ia?ooaiey iaycaoaeuenoaa aaeeieoeae
iauaaeeiaiea ia iiianao ieeaeeo iioa?ue. N oaeie ?an/aoee-
ainoueth ioaeii ai?ioueny. Aeaeeii, neaaeoao oneeeoue iaaaoea-
ioth ?aaeoeeth caeiia ia caeeth/aiea i?iecaiaenoaaiiuie
aaeeieoeaie aeiaiai?ia aac iieiiii/ee, iai?eia?, iooai
onoaiiaeaiey oo?aoiuo naieoeee, acuneeaaaiuo a aeioiae
athaeaeaoa. Yoi canoaaeo iauaaeeiaiea aieaa ioaaonoaaiii
iiaeoiaeeoue e oi?ie?iaaieth eiiiaoaioeee naieo i?iecaiae-
noaaiiuo aaeeieoe a aeaiiie iaeanoe.
Auoa oaea cao?aaeaaeny aii?in i th?eaee/aneie aaca
.aeayoaeueiinoe i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee. Iaeiaei ii
caneoaeeaaao niaoeeaeueiiai ?anniio?aiey. Eae ioia/aeinue,
i?aaiaie noaoon eeoue iauaaeeiaiee a i?iiuoeaiiinoe,
no?ieoaeuenoaa e ia aaoiiiaeeueiii o?ainii?oa o?aaoee?i-
aai niaoeeaeueiuie iieiaeaieyie i ieo. I?iecaiaenoaaiiua
aea iauaaeeiaiey ae?oaeo io?aneae aeaenoaotho ia i?aaiaie
iniiaa i?aaei?eyoee, eioi?ay ia o/eouaaao eo niaoeeoeee
e ia iaania/eaaao aaeaeaaoiuo i?aaiauo oneiaee ooieoeei-
ie?iaaiey. Iie aeieaeiu iieo/eoue nianoaaiioth i?aaiaoth
aaco.
Iaeiaei aaeaa ee neaaeoao ?aoaoue yoio aii?in iooai ecaea-
iey naiinoiyoaeueiuo iieiaeaiee io?aneaaiai aeaenoaey, oi-
oy caeiiiaeaoaeue eca?ae eiaiii aeaiiue aa?eaio. Ai-ia?-
auo, yoi aaaeao e iiiaie?aoiiio iiaoi?aieth ii?i, a /ai
iao?oaeii oaaaeeoueny, niiinoaaea aeaenoaothuea iieiaeaiey i
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaieyo, aaea iiiaea noaouee niaia-
aeatho ia oieueei oaenooaeueii, ii e ii ioia?aoeee. Ii?iu
aea, io?aaeathuea io?aneaaoth niaoeeoeeo, eiatho iacia/e-
oaeueiue oaeaeueiue aan. Ai-aoi?uo, yoi aeaao caiaoiia oaa-
ee/aiea ia naycaiiuo iaaeaeo niaie ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia ii
iaeiei e oai aea, a nouiinoe, aii?inai, /oi i?ioeai?a/eo
-74-
caaea/a eiinieeaeaoeee oicyenoaaiiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa (*47).
Aeaeeii, aieaa oeaeaniia?aciui auei au ?ani?ino?aiaiea
aeaenoaey Iieiaeaiey i i?iecaiaenoaaiiii iauaaeeiaiee ia
niioaaonoaothuea i?aaiecaoeee ae?oaeo io?aneae oicyenoaa
n i?aaeinoaaeaieai ieienoa?noaai e aaaeiinoaai NNN? e
Niaaoai Ieieno?ia nithciuo ?anioaeee i?aaa onoaiaaee-
aaoue io?aneaaua iniaaiiinoe aai i?eiaiaiey (*48) iiaeiaii
oiio, eae yoi naeaeaii ioiineoaeueii i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoee e iao/ii-i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee (i.C
Iieiaeaiey i i?aaei?eyoee; i. 3 iinoaiiaeaiey Niaaoa Ie-
ieno?ia NNN? io 30 aeaeaa?y 1975 a.
Yoi iicaieeo a ei?ioeee n?ie aeaoue oeacaiiui i?iecaiae-
noaaiiui iauaaeeiaieyi iaaeeaaeauoth ii?iaoeaioth aaco.
Aanueia aeaeaoaeueiia n oi/ee c?aiey iio?aaiinoae naai-
aeiyoiaai aeiy, oaeia ?aoaiea ia yaeyaony iaeeo/oei n
oi/ee c?aiey ia?niaeoeau e ?aoaiey caaea/ eiinieeaeaoeee
oicyenoaaiiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa. A yoie nayce auei au
oeaeaniia?aciui ecaeaiea a aoaeouai aaeeiiai aeoa i aino-
aea?noaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoeyo, onoaiaaeeaathuaai eae iauea
caeiiiia?iinoe, oae e niaoeeoe/aneea /a?ou i?aaiaiai noa-
oona iaaeo ?aciiaeaeiinoae i?aaiecaoeee yoiai oeia – i?i-
ecaiaenoaaeiuo i?aaei?eyoee e i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iauaaee-
iaiee (*50), – n nio?aiaieai ca ieienoa?noaaie e aaaeiinoaa-
ie NNN? e i?aaeoaeuenoaaie nithciuo ?anioaeee i?aaa
onoaiaaeeaaoue io?aneaaua iniaaiiinoe aai i?eiaiaiey.
Niia?aaeaiey a iieueco ecaeaiey oaeiai aeoa iie?athony
ia aaeeinoai yeiiiie/aneie nouiinoe e i?aaiaie i?e?iaeu,
iauiinoue iniiaiuo ii?iaoeaiuo oneiaee oicyenoaiaaiey
yoeo i?aaiia, i /ai aiai?eeinue ?aiaa.
-75-
I?EIA*AIEss
Aaaaeaiea
(*1) Iaoa?eaeu Ieaioia Oeaio?aeueiiai Eiieoaoa EINN 26-27 aea-
eaa?y 1983 aiaea- I., 1983, n. 21-22.
(*2) I?aaaea, 1985, 2 ia?oa.
Aeaaa 1
(*1) Eaiei A. E. Ii iiaiaeo oae iacuaaaiiai aii?ina i ?eieao. –
Iiei. nia?. ni/., o. 1, n. 95, 96; Ii aea. ?acaeoea eaieoaeecia a ?in-
nee.-Oai aea, o. 3, n. 21.
(*2) Eaiei A. E. ?a/ue ia III Ana?inneeneii nuacaea ?aai/eo aiaeiiai
o?ainii?oa 15 ia?oa 1920 a.-Iiei. nia?. ni/., o. 40 n. 215
(*3) NI NNN?, 1967, ? 17, no. 116.
(*4) I?eia?ii iiaoo neoaeeoue o?oaii?iaiaeiue o?ainii?o, auaeaeea-
oeeny a niaoeeaeece?iaaiioth io?aneue oicyenoaa, ii ia ninoaaeythuee
ioaeaeueiie io?anee oi?aaeaiey; eienioeie/aneay i?iiuoeaiiinoue –
iiaeio?aneue oeie/aneiai i?iecaiaenoaa, ii nouanoao anneieee?iaaiiay
io?aneueth oi?aaeaiey /a?iie iaoaeeo?aee.
(*5) Iie?iieaiue N. O., Aaei?on I. A., Oaaeiiei A. N. Yeiiiieea
i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. Eeaa, 1977, n. 123-124: Ainoaea?noaai-
iia oi?aaeaiea a NNN? a oneiaeyo iao/ii-oaoie/aneie ?aaiethoeee. I.
1978, n. 94-97.
(*6) Eo?aoaeee A. I. Ainoaea?noaaiiia oi?aaeaiea ia?iaeiui oicye-
noaii: ia?niaeoeau ?acaeoey. – Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai, 1982, ? 6,
n. 39, 45-47; Ieaoiaa Y. Iieeoe/aneay yeiiiiey iiaaaeu o?oaea iaae
eaieoaeii.-I?aaaea, 1983, 25 ia?oa.
(*7) Iinoaiiaeaiea OeE EINN e Niaaoa Ieieno?ia NNN? io 30 nai-
oya?y 1965 a.
NNN?, 1965, ? 19-20, no. 152.
(*8) Iaoa?eaeu Ieaioia Oeaio?aeueiiai Eiieoaoa EINN 26-27 aea-
eaa?y 1983 aiaea. I” 1984, n. 21.
(*9) Eaa?eeia E). A., ?oneiia O. I., *oiaeia A. E. Eioaa?aoeey
nioeeaeenoe/aneiai i?iecaiaenoaa e oi?aaeaiey. I., 1976, n. 36-40, 268;
Ieaie?iaaiea io?aneaauo nenoai (iiaeaee e iaoiaeu iioeiecaoeee). I.
1974, n 9, 24-25.
(*10) NI ONN?. 1982, ? 3. no. 32.
(*11) Iinoaiiaeaiea OeE EINN e Niaaoa Ieieno?ia NNN? io 11 ai-
?aey 1983 a .-NI NNN?, 1983, ? 11
n. 195-198
(*12) Iaco?ei E. E. I?aaiecaoeey oi?aaeaiey no?ieoaeuenoaii. I.,
1977, n. 178-179: Aiaeueyiia A. N. Iauanoaaiiia i?iecaiaenoai: aeeia-
ieea, oaiaeaioeee, iiaeaee. Eeaa. 1980, n. 26&-267.
(*13) Oeeia?iai TH. N. Oicyenoaaiiua nayce i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iaua-
aeeiaiee oaieueiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe. I., 1978, n. 97-98, Iieyeia A. I.
Niaa?oainoaiaaiea i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u oi?aaeaiey io?aneueth.-
A ei.: I?aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a oi?aaeaiey oicyenoaii. I. 1981,
n. 45–48.
(*14) NI NNN?, 1974, ? 8, no. 38; NI NNN?, 1973, ? 7, no. 32.
-118-
(*15) Iaoiaeieiae/aneea iniiau oai?ee oicyenoaaiiiai ?an/aoa. I.,
1981, n. 51-52; Noaioeeee TH. A. Oi?iu i?aaiecaoeee eiaeono?ee: iiaua
yaeaiey e i?iaeaiu. I., 1979, n. 35-37.
(*16) Iaoa?eaeu XXVI nuacaea EINN. I., 1981. n. 201.
(*17) Iineieueeo iaeaieaa oa?aeoa?iie aeey io?aneaaiai oi?aaeaiey
yaeyaony oi?ia ieienoa?noaa, a aeaeueiaeoai eceiaeaiee aoaeao oiiie-
iaoueny eeoue iii.
(*18) Oeaeoeoe A. A. I?aaiaay i?aaiecaoeey eaniie i?iiuoeaiiinoe
NNN?. E., 1936, n. 48.
(*19) Iaiooia A. E. Eiiiaoaioeey ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia a ?aoaiee
oicyenoaaiiuo aii?inia. I., 1964, n. 17.
(*20) Eo /eneaiiinoue aeaaea ia ia/aeueiuo yoaiao ?acaeoey niaaoneie
yeiiiieee auea aanueia cia/eoaeueiie. Naaiaeiy aea iia ninoaaeyao nioie
ouny/ i?aaei?eyoee (ni.: Iu e ieaiaoa. Oeeo?u e oaeou. I” 1982,
n. 50).
(*21) Oaaeoeia ?. I. Iauaa o/aiea i i?aaiioiioaiee. I., 1974,
n. 181.
(*22) Oaeoeia ?. I. Oeac. ni/., n. 179.
(*23) Eaioaa A. A. Yeiiiieea e i?aai. I., 1981, n. 51-52.
(*24) Aaiaaeeeoia A. A. I?aaiecaoeey ainoaea?noaaiiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe
a NNN?: A 2-o o. E. O. 1, 1957. 764 n.; O. 2. 1961. 864 n.; Aiaiia E. I.
?acaeoea i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo oi?i oi?aaeaiey i?iiuoeaiiinoueth a
NNN?. I” 1958. 80 n.; Oeaeoeoe A. A. Oeac. ni/. A iacaaiiuo ?aai-
oao, eneeth/ay iiiia?aoeth A. A. Oeaeoeoe, iao oiiieiaiey i oicye-
noaaiiuo nenoaiao (iiiyoea, oa?iei, eiino?oeoeey). Iaeiaei a naiie
enneaaeoaiie iaoa?ee oicyenoaaiiay nenoaia eae ?aaeueiia yaeaiea oi-
cyenoaaiiie aeecie i?inooiaao aeinoaoi/ii io/aoeeai.
(*25) Aeaoei A. I. I?aaei?eyoea a nenoaia io?aneaaiai oi?aaeaiey.
I., 1977, n. 27.
(*26) I?ioeaiiinoaaeyoue oa??eoi?eaeueioth oicyenoaaiioth nenoaio ne-
noaia ieienoa?noaa NNN? iaeiae/ii.
(*27) Iieiaeaiea i ieienoa?noaao NNN? ii?aaeaeyao i?aaiecaoeeiiioth
no?oeoo?o nenoaiu ieienoa?noaa NNN?, a ia iiiyoea yoie nenoaiu, eae
ooaa?aeaeaao A. I. Aeaoei.
(*28) Aaneeueaa A. I. I?aaiaua eaoaai?ee. I., 1976, n. 80-97, 138-
146.
(*29) Yeiiiie/aneay eeaa?iaoeea. *. 1. Iniiau oai?ee oicyenoaaiiuo
nenoai, 1974, n. 6-12; I?iaeaiu eiiieaeniiai niaa?oainoaiaaiey i?-
aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u io?aneaaiai oi?aaeaiey. Eeaa, 1975, n. 23-
28, 49-51.
(*30) Iaiooia A. E. I?aaei?eyoea e auoanoiyuee oicyenoaaiiue i?-
aai. I” 1969, n. 45-46: Ii aea. Niaa?oainoaiaaiea i?aaiaiai ?aaoee-
?iaaiey oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Eeaa, 1982, n. 72, 203-206: Ia?-
oaiueyiia A. N. I?iaeaiu i?aaiaiai iaania/aiey aeayoaeueiinoe ianoiuo
Niaaoia ia?iaeiuo aeaiooaoia a noa?a eiouanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee. Aaoi-
?ao. aeen. … ae-?a th?eae. iaoe. I” 1981, n. 13.
(*31) Ana eiua oicyenoaaiiua nenoaiu io?aneaaiai oa?aeoa?a, aoaeo/e
ii ianooaaai aeayoaeueiinoe aioo?eio?aneaauie, inoathony ca i?aaeaea-
ie yoiai iiiyoey.
(*32) Eaioaa A. A. I?aaiaay i?aaiecaoeey oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai. –
Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai, 1979, ? 4, n. 8; Ii aea. Yeiiiieea e i?aai,
n 52
(*33) sseooaa A. N. Oicyenoaaiiay nenoaia: iiiyoea, i?eciaee, ooie-
oeee.-Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai, 1976, ? 6, n. 55-56.
(*34) ?oeiaiaeyuee i?aai aac ?oeiaiaeeiuo iauaeoia ia iiaeao no-
uanoaiaaoue. Ii e i?ioeaiiieiaeiue aa?eaio i?aeoe/anee iaaiciiaeai.
I?aaei?eyoey e i?aaiecaoeee, i?aaeinoaaeaiiua naie naaa, ia?a/aiu ia
-119-
iaii?aaeaeaiiinoue oneiaee aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe, ia ?anoi/eoaeueioth,
neiaeioth e ia?aoeeiiaeueioth naiii?aaiecaoeeth anae naiae aeayoaeue-
iinoe.
(*35) Eae ioia/aeinue ?aiaa, ae?iaeaiea io?aneae oi?aaeaiey iaoeaeani-
ia?acii n ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiie oi/ee c?aiey.
(*36) I ?aciie noaiaie aeecinoe oeacaiiuo ooieoeee ni.: Aeaoei A. 17.
I?aaei?eyoea a nenoaia io?aneaaiai oi?aaeaiey, n. 160-162.
(*37) Naycue e acaeiicaaeneiinoue oeacaiiuo ooieoeee naiii/aaeaeia,
iineieueeo yoi ?acee/iua iai?aaeaiey (noi?iiu) iaeiie e oie aea aeay-
oaeueiinoe.
(*38) Aeaiiia iieiaeaiea aeaeaei ia iauai?eciaii a th?eaee/aneie iao-
ea. Ii yoio neiaeiue e aaaeiue aeey i?aaeiaoa ianoiyuae ?aaiou aii?in
o?aaoao niaoeeaeueiiai enneaaeiaaiey e aoaeao ?anniio?ai ianeieueei
ieaea.
(*39) Nii?iia a iaoea iiiyoea eiiiaoaioeee ainoaea?noaaiiiai i?aaia
o?aeooaony caeanue eae niaieoiiinoue i?aa e iaycaiiinoae, i?aaeinoaaeai-
iuo ainoaea?noaaiiiio i?aaio aeaenoaothuei caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii iaii-
n?aaenoaaiii aeey ?aaeecaoeee aiceiaeaiiuo caaea/.
(*40) Aeaiiay oi/ea c?aiey ia yaeyaony iauai?eciaiiie. Iiae?iaiaa ia
yoii ni. ae. 3 ianoiyuae ?aaiou.
(*41) Ni.: no. 261 Iniia a?aaeaeaineiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa Nithca NN?
e nithciuo ?anioaeee.
(*42) A?aoonue N. I. Eiouanoaaiiua e i?aaiecaoeeiiiua ioiioaiey e
eo i?aaiaia ?aaoee?iaaiea a NNN?.-A ei.: Aii?inu iauae oai?ee
niaaoneiai i?aaa. I., 1960, n. 104-106; Caiaiaio 3. I. I?aaiaie ?a-
aeei eiouanoaa oicyenoaaiiuo i?aaiia. I” 1972, n. 110.
(*43) Au?aaeaiea
oneiaii e icia/aao aeaenoaea ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia io eiaie aino-
aea?noaa e eneeth/eoaeueii a iauaainoaea?noaaiiii eioa?ana.
(*44) Aeaiiia i?aaiaia iniiaaiea a iauai aeaea caeiiiaeaoaeueii ia
caoeene?iaaii. Naycaii yoi n oai, /oi ii?iu ia eiouanoaaiiuo i?a-
aao oicyenoaaiiuo i?aaiia a ioiioaieyo, ia eiathueo oiaa?ii-aeaiaae-
iie oi?iu (e eo /eneo ioiineony e oeacaiiay eaoaai?ey i?aa) eiaee-
oeeaoeeiiiie ia?aaioea ia iiaeaa?aaeenue. Iaeiaei iii ioia/aii i?aai-
aie oai?eae, oioy e iiae ?aciuie iaeiaiiaaieyie e n ia aiieia nia-
iaaeathuei niaea?aeaieai (A?aoonue N. I. I?aaeiao e nenoaia niaaoneiai
a?aaeaeaineiai i?aaa. I., 1963, n. 43-44; Iieiineee Y. A. I?aai iia-
?aoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiui eiouanoaii. I., 1980, n. 86-
87; Oienoie TH. E. (?aoe. ia ei.: Eaioaa A. A. Yeiiiieea e i?aai.
I” 1981. 215 n.) – I?aaiaaaeaiea, 1982, ? 3, n. 81).
(*45) Ni.: Aaniaeiaa A. E. I aeaoo eiioeaioeeyo i?aaa iia?aoeaiiai oi-
?aaeaiey.-Aanoe. Eacao, oi-oa. Na?. TH?eaee/aneea iaoee, 1971, aui. 1,
n. 17-19; Caiaiaio 3. I. Oeac. ni/., n. 110; Oai?aoe/aneea i?iaeaiu
oicyenoaaiiiai i?aaa. I” 1975, n. 130.
(*46) Oa?iei
iuo cia/aieyo: eae neiiiei naiiieoiaaiinoe, o. a. oicyenoaiaaiey
ia?aciaaiee (oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai) – a ioee/ea io naiiieoiaaiinoe
ia?ae/iiai caaia (i?aaei?eyoey); eae naiiieoiaaiinoue a i?aaeaeao
ieaia e a caaeneiinoe io ?acoeueoaoia aai auiieiaiey. A iineaaeiai
niunea ii e eniieuecoaony a aeaiiie ?aaioa.
(*47) Iiae?iaiaa ia yoii ni. ae. 3.
(*48) Iaeioi?ua o/aiua i?eciatho ca oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiie eeoue aa
i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneia cia/aiea (?aoieeiae/ A. A. Niaa?oai-
noaiaaiea caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa i caaiueyo ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa. – Nia.
ainoaea?noai e i?aai, 1983, ? 10, n. 77-78).
(*49) Ni.: Eaioaa A. A. I?aaiaay i?aaiecaoeey oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai,
-120-
n. 8-12, 64-65; Oaooeei A. A. I?aaiaia iieiaeaiea oi?aaeaiey i?i-
iuoeaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey. Eacaiue, 1981. n. 7-II.
(*50) Ni.: Oicyenoaaiiia i?aai. I” 1977, n. 185; Aeaoei. A. E. Inii-
au io?aneaaiai oi?aaeaiey oicyenoaii. I., 1980, n. 185; Eiiyaa I. E.
Oicyenoaaiiua nenoaiu a ia?eiae c?aeiai nioeeaeecia, n. 102-108.
(*51) ?ooiai E. I. Ainoaea?noaaiiua i?iiuoeaiiua iauaaeeiaiey e
aeiaiai?iua nayce (ia i?eia?a oaieueiie i?iiuoeaiiinoa NNN?). –
Iao/. o?./OeIEE yeiiiieee e IOE oaieueiie i?ii-noe, 1973, aui. 10,
n. 100-104; Aaniaeiaa A. E. Ia eiouanoaaiiie i?aainoauaeoiinoe ie-
ienoa?noa.-Yeiiiieea e i?aai, 1968, aui. 3, n. 151.
(*52) Ia?oaiueyiia A. N. I?iaeaiu i?aaiaiai iaania/aiey aeayoaeue-
iinoe ianoiuo Niaaoia ia?iaeiuo aeaiooaoia a noa?a eiouanoaaiiuo
ioiioaiee: Aaoi?ao. aeen. … ae-?a th?eae. iaoe. I., 1981, n. 14-15; Ia-
iooia A. E. Niaa?oainoaiaaiea i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey oicyenoaai-
iie aeayoaeueiinoe, n. 204-206.
(*53) Oeeia?iai TH. N. I?iiuoeaiiua ieienoa?noaa e iiauoaiea yo-
oaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa.-A ei.: Oicyenoaaiiia i?aai e yooaeoea-
iinoue i?iecaiaenoaa. Aeiiaoee, 1979, n. 23.
(*54) I naiaia?acee ?aaoee?othuaai aeaenoaey niaoeeaeueiuo ii?i ni.:
Aeaenaaa N. N. Iauay oai?ey i?aaa: A 2-o o. I., 1982, o. 2, n. 71.
(*55) NI NNN?, 1979, ? 19, no. 121.
(*56) AEaaei A. I. I ?ani?aaeaeaiee eiiiaoaioeee iaaeaeo oicyenoaai-
iuie i?aaiaie a noa?a ieaie?iaaiey. – A ei.: Aii?inu oicyenoaaiiie
i?aainoauaeoiinoe. Eoeauoaa, 1971, n. 69.
(*57) Ia?enenonei-eaieineay iauay oai?ey ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa. Ni-
oeeaeenoe/aneia i?aai. I., 1973, n. 505; Aeaenaaa N. N. Oeac. ni/.,
n. 138-139; Aaiaaeeeoia A. A. I noauaeoao nioeeaeenoe/aneeo i?aaiio-
iioaiee.-Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai, 1955, ? 6, n. 17, 22.
(*58) Ia?en E. A?aiaiiue onoaa oiaa?euanoaa. – Ia?en E., Yi-
aaeuen O. Ni/. 2-a ecae., o. 16, n. 13.
(*59) Ni.: no. 29 AE ONN?.
(*60) I aeinoieinoaao
I?aaiaay i?aaiecaoeey oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai, n. 65-68.
(*61) Eiiyaa I. E. Oicyenoaaiiua nenoaiu a ia?eiae c?aeiai nioeea-
eecia, n. 31, 75, 132-134, 147-148, 150.
(*62) ?aoieeiae/ A. A. Niaa?oainoaiaaiea caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa i caaiueyo.
ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa.-Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai, 1983, ? 10, n. 77-78.
(*63) I niaea?aeaiee e iao/iie cia/eiinoe iiiyoey
Ainoaea?noaaiiua einoeooou e caeii. – Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai, 1980,
? 10, n. 39-47.
(*64) Ia iauae oa?aeoa?enoeea neiaeiuo (eioaa?e?iaaiiuo) no?oeoo?-
a aiia?aoa ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey ni.: Aa/eei E. E. No?oeoo?u
a nenoaia ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey.-Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai.
1980, ? 5. n. 53-54.
(*65) Ia?enenonei-eaieineay iauay oai?ey ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa. In-
iiaiua einoeooou e iiiyoey. I.. 1970. n. 251; Ia?enenonei-eaiiineay
iauay oai?ee ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa. Nioeeaeenoe/aneia ainoaea?noai. I.,
1972, n. 302, 307-308.
(*66) ssiiieueneay Oe. A. E iaoiaeieiaee iaoee oi?aaeaiey.-Nia. ai-
noaea?noai e i?aai. 1965, ? 8, n. 13-15: Aoaiai/oe A. A. Ainoaea?noa
aaiiia oi?aaeaiea: i?iaeaiu iaoiaeieiaee i?aaiaiai enneaaeiaaiey. I”
1975, n. 153-154, 162-168; I?aaiu niaaoneiai iauaia?iaeiiai aino-
aea?noaa. I., 1979, n. 16-23.
(*67) ?ac?aaioea i?iaeai oai?ee nioeeaeenoe/aneiai ainoaea?noaa.-
Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai, 1983, ? 7, n. 58, 67; ? 8, n. 47.
-121-
(*68) Eaiei A. E. ?a/ue i iaoeeiiaeecaoeee aaieia ia canaaeaiee AOeEE
14(27) aeaeaa?y 1917 a.-Iiee. nia?. ni/., o. 35, n. 172.
(*69) ?aoieeiae/ A. A. Niaa?oainoaiaaiea caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa i caaiueyo
ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa, n. 78.
Aeaaa 2
(*1) A oaeii ea/anoaa aunooiatho ia ana aineiieoaou, a eeoue oa, ei-
oi?ua ia?yaeo n iaaeio?aneaaui oi?aaeaieai auiieiytho ooieoeee io-
?aneaaiai oicyenoaaiiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa, eae iai?eia?, Ainniaa ONN?,
Aineiiiaooai?iaeoeo ONN?, Aineiinaeueoicoaoieea ONN? e ae?.
(*2) Ia yoii iniiaaiee a ?aaioa eniieuecoaony iaiauathuee oa?iei
iopaceeaoe oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu.
(*3) Ni.: XXVI nuacae EINN e i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiaua aii?inu ai-
noaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey.-Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai, 1981, ? 9,
n. 5; Oaeoeia P. I. Iauaa o/aiea i i?aaiioiioaiee. I., 1974, n. 177-
181.
(*4) Aaaeeei E. E. Oicyenoaaiiue iaoaieci ?acaeoiai nioeeaeenoe/a-
neiai iauanoaa. I., 1973, n. 160-161; Ae?iai A. I. Yeiiiie/aneea
?u/aae iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa. I” 1980, n. 200.
(*5) Oeeia?iai TH. N. I?iiuoeaiiua ieienoa?noaa e iiauoaiea yo-
oaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa.-A ei.: Oicyenoaaiiia i?aai e yooaeoea-
iinoue i?iecaiaenoaa. Aeiiaoee, 1979, n. 20-22, Noaioeeee TH. A. Io?an-
eaaay nenoaia e aa oeaio? oi?aaeaiey.-Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai,
AE 1. ? 11, n. 53-54.
(*6) Ainoaea?noaaiiue oa?aeoa? eioa?ana aiana ia icia/aao oiaeaeano-
aaiiinoe aai niaea?aeaiey ia anao o?iaiyo oicyenoaiaaiey. Yeiiiie/a-
neia iainiaeaiea oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai a ?aieao aaeeiie noa?u aino-
aea?noaaiiiai oicyenoaiaaiey i?aaeiieaaaao e ioiineoaeueiia iainiaea-
iea eo eioa?ania. Ia?niieoeoee?oaiua a niioaaonoaothueo oeaio?ao,
aaeeiua a naiae iniiaa ainoaea?noaaiiua eioa?anu aeeooa?aioee?othony a
caaeneiinoe io o?iaiy nenoaiu e eiaeeaeaeoaeece?othony a naiai eii-
e?aoiii i?iyaeaiee o eaaeaeie ioaeaeueiie nenoaiu. Iiyoiio e aicie-
eaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue eo ni/aoaiey a oeaeyo iaania/aiey iaeiiiai?aaeai-
iinoe aeaenoaey ia iniiaa aeiieie?iaaiey eioa?ana aieaa aunieiai
o?iaiy.
(*7) NI NNN?. 1973, ?7, no. 31.
(*8) Ni.: Aeaoei A. 17. Iniiau io?aneaaiai oi?aaeaiey ia?iaeiui oi-
cyenoaii. I., 1980, n. 204; I?aaiaua i?iaeaiu ?oeiaiaenoaa e oi?aaea-
iey io?aneueth i?iiuoeaiiinoe a NNN?. I” 1973, n. 107-108:
XXVI nuacae EINN e i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiaua aii?inu ainoaea?noaai-
iiai oi?aaeaiey.-Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai, 1981, ? 9, n. 4.
(*9) Iiae?iaiaa ni.: Oeeia?iai TH. N. I?iiuoeaiiua ieienoa?noaa a
iiauo oneiaeyo io?aneaaiai oi?aaeaiey.-Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai,
1976. ? 8, n. 21.
(*10) Aeaoei A. I. Iniiau io?aneaaiai oi?aaeaiey ia?iaeiui oicye-
noaii, n. 169.
(*11) A?aoonue N. I. Oicyenoaaiiay ?aoi?ia e niaaoneia i?aai. – O/.
cai. AIEENC, 1967, aui. 10, n. 9-11; Ainoaea?noai, i?aai, yeiiiieea,
n. 133; Eiceia TH. I. Oi?aaeaiea ia?iaeiui oicyenoaii NNN?. I., 1971,
/. 1, n. 157.
(*12) Eaioaa A. A. I?aaiaay i?aaiecaoeey oicyenoaaiiuo nenoai. I.,
1978, n. 145, 150: Oeeia?iai TH. N. Oicyenoaaiiue ?an/ao a nenoaia ie-
ienoa?noaa.-Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai, 1980, ? 1, n. 57.
(*13) Ae?iai A. I. Oeac. ni/., n. 199-200; Eiiyaa I. E. I iiauoa-
aeee yooaeoeaiinoe i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey noaoona oeaio?ia oicyeno-
-122-
aaiiuo nenoai. – Yeiiiieei-i?aaiaua i?iaeaiu iiauoaiey yooae-
oeaiinoe ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa. Eoeauoaa, 1980, n. 14-17.
(*14) Iiieiaiea oic?an/aoa eae iniaiai iiaeoiaea e inouanoaeaieth
ieaia noi?ioee?iaaii A. E. Eaieiui (Eaiei A. E. A. I. E?aeeaea-
iianeiio.-Iiei. nia?. ni/., o. 54, n. 101).
(*15) Ni.: Aueia A. A., Eaiaiia A. A., Eiceia TH. I. Yeiiiie/aneay
iieeoeea EINN e i?aai. I” 1979, n. 108-109; Oeeia?iai TH. N.
Oi?aaeaiea io?aneueth i?iiuoeaiiinoe. I” 1974, n. 103-104 e ae?.
(*16) I?aaiaua i?iaeaiu ?oeiaiaenoaa e oi?aaeaiey io?aneueth i?i-
iuoeaiiinoe a NNN?, n. 98.
(*17) Iiae?iaiaa ni.: I?iinueea A. A. Eiiiaoaioeiy ainiiaea?nueeeo iiii
noa?noa Oe?a?inueei? ?N?. E., 1973, n. 29.
(*18) I?iieia A. N. I nenoaia oeaio?aeueiuo i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey ia-
?iaeiui oicyenoaii nithciuo ?anioaeee. – O/. cai. AIEENC, 1966,
aui. 9, n. 12-13; Nenoaiaoecaoeey oicyenoaaiiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa. I.,
1971, n. 115-116; I?iinueea A. A. Aeacaia i?aoey, n. 48-51.
(*19) Aeoa? E. I. Ieienoa?noaa nithciuo ?anioaeee: iac?aaoea i?i-
aeaiu.-Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai, 1973, ? 5, n. 35.
(*20) Oa?iei
a oe?ieii niunea aeey iaicia/aiey ethauo neiaeiuo ia?aciaaiee a ia-
?iaeiii oicyenoaa e a oceii – aeey eiaiiaaiey eeoue oao iauaaeeiaiee,
eioi?ua aunooiatho a ea/anoaa n?aaeiaai caaia io?aneaaie oicyenoaai-
iie nenoaiu. A iineaaeiai cia/aiee yoio oa?iei e i?eiaiyaony a aeai-
iie ?aaioa.
(*21) I?eiyoue iuia ii?yaeie i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey aeayoaeueiinoe
oicyenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee (ecaeaiea ii ia?a iiaeaioiaee niaoeeaeueiuo
iieiaeaiee ia iauaaeeiaieyo ioaeaeueiuo io?aneae oicyenoaa) i?eaae e
a?aiaiiiio ninouanoaiaaieth iiaiai, niaoeeaeueiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa
ia yoeo i?aaiao e noa?ie ii?iaoeaiie iniiau, aeaenoaothuae a ioii-
oaiee iauaaeeiaiee oao io?aneae, aeey eioi?uo oiiiyiooua niaoeeaeue-
iua iieiaeaiey iiea ia ecaeaiu.
(*22) NI NNN?, 1970, ? 10, no. 76.
(*23) I?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiue eiiieaen – eaoaai?ey iaoe?iay
e iiiaiia?aciay, i?aaenoaaeaiiay ?acee/iuie a i?aaiecaoeeiiiii ioii-
oaiee ia?aciaaieyie, e oicyenoaaiiia iauaaeeiaiea – eeoue iaeia ec
oaeeo ?aciiaeaeiinoae.
(*24) Ni.: Eaioaa A. A. I?aaiaia iieiaeaiea i?iiuoeaiiuo e i?iec-
aiaenoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee. I” 1978, n. 27: Iauaaeeiaiey a i?iiuoeai-
iinoe, n. 39, 46, 48: ?aoieeiae/ A. A. I?aaiaua oi?iu oicyenoaaiiiai
?an/aoa a i?iiuoeaiiuo iauaaeeiaieyo. I” 1977, n. 17. 122.
(*25) NI NNN?, 1975, ? 21, no. 145.
(*26) Eaioaa A. A. Yeiiiieea e i?aai. I” 1981, n. 28.
(*27) Xaxoeei A. A. I?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiua ooieoeee, oeaio?a-
eeciaaiii auiieiyaiua oi?aaeaieai i?iiuoeaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey. –
A ei.: I?aaiaia ?aaoee?iaaiea oicyenoaaiiuo ioiioaiee. I., 1978,
n. 105-106.
(*28) NI NNN?, 1980, ? 15, no. 98.
(*29) I?aaiecaoeey oi?aaeaiey i?iiuoeaiiui iauaaeeiaieai. Eeaa,
1980, n. 76-. Aeoiaaa Y. I. Iaiauanoaeaiea nioeeaeenoe/aneiai i?iecaiae-
noaa. I., 1980, n 116, 122.
(*30) Ni.: iinoaiiaeaiea Niaaoa Ieieno?ia ONN? io 11 ethey 1983 a.
. -NI ONN?, 1983, ? 7, no. 43.
(*31) Ni.: i. 5 iinoaiiaeaiey Niaaoa Ieieno?ia ONN? io 28 ai?aey
1980 a. “I ii?yaeea ia?aaea/e i?aaei?eyoee, iauaaeeiaiee, i?aaiecaoeee,
o/?aaeaeaiee, caeaiee e nii?oaeaiee>. – NI ONN?, 1980, ? 5, no. 43.
-123-
(*32) Ni.: i. 6 iinoaiiaeaiey Niaaoa Ieieno?ia ONN? io 17 aaaonoa
1967 a. .-NI ONN?, 1967, ? 8, no. 93.
(*33) Aeaoei A. I. Iniiau io?aneaaiai oi?aaeaiey ia?iaeiui oicye-
noaii, n. 161; Oaooeei A. A. I?aaiaia iieiaeaiea oi?aaeaiey i?iiuo-
eaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey. Eacaiue, 1981, n. 61-66.
(*34) ?aoieeiae/ A. A. I?aaiaua oi?iu oicyenoaaiiiai ?an/aoa a
i?iiuoeaiiuo iauaaeeiaieyo. I., 1977, n. 41-42, 144-145, 153-156;
Nenoaiaoecaoeey oicyenoaaiiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, n. 121, 134-135.
(*35) sseiaeaaa A. O. Niaoeeaeecaoeey e eiiia?e?iaaiea a i?iiuoeai-
iinoe. I., 1974, n. 19–22.
(*36) Aaieei Ae. I. I?aaiaia iieiaeaiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai nioeeaeenoe-
/aneiai i?aaei?eyoey.-Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai, 1965, ? 9, n. 72:
Aeaoei A. I. I?aaei?eyoea a nenoaia io?aneaaiai oi?aaeaiey. I., 1977,
n. 44-46; Eiiei I. I. Iniiau i?aaiaie i?aaiecaoeee e oi?aaeaiey
i?iecaiaenoaii. Na?aoia, 1976, n. 23-26.
(*37) Ni.: Aaiaaeeeoia A. A. Ainoaea?noaaiiay nioeeaeenoe/aneay nia-
noaaiiinoue. I.; E., 1948, n. 591-592; Ia?enenonei-eaieineay iauay
oai?ey ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa. Iniiaiua einoeooou e iiiyoey. I., 1970,
n. 446-447.
(*38) Aeaoei A. I. I?aaei?eyoea a nenoaia io?aneaaiai oi?aaeaiey,
n. 49; sseooaa A. N. TH?eaee/aneay ee/iinoue ainoaea?noaaiiiai i?iecaiae-
noaaiiiai i?aaei?eyoey. Naa?aeeiane, 1973, n. 28, 34, 169.
(*39) I. 1 iinoaiiaeaiey Niaaoa Ieieno?ia NNN? io 27 ia?oa 1974 a.
(*40) Eaioaa A. A. I?aaiaia iieiaeaiea i?iiuoeaiiuo e i?iecaiae-
noaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee, n. 137-141; ni. oaeaea: Aeaoei A. 17. I?aaei?ey-
oea a nenoaia io?aneaaiai oi?aaeaiey, n. 57-69; ?ooiai E. I. E ni-
aa?oainoaiaaieth caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ia iauaaeeiaieyo a i?iiuoeai-
iinoe.-I?aaiaaaeaiea, 1977, ? 4, n. 69-70.
(*41) Eiaiii aai eniieuecotho a oeacaiiuo oeaeyo aaoi?u, noiyuea ia
iiceoeeyo ?aciioeiiinoe i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iauaaeeiaiey e i?aaei?eyoey.
(*42) I. 19 a Eino?oeoeee i aaciaee/iuo ?an/aoao, ooaa?aeaeaiiie Ain-
aaieii NNN? 31 iay 1979 a. I” 1980.
(*43) NI NNN?, 1980, ? 16-17. no. 104.
(*44) Ni.: Oeeia?iai TH. N. Oicyenoaaiiua nayce i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo
iauaaeeiaiee oaieueiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe. I., 1978, n. 75; Iauaaeeiaiey
a i?iiuoeaiiinoe, n. 143-144.
(*45) I?iinueea A. O/anoue ae?iaie/eo iaeeieoeue o ainiiaea?nueei-aeiaiai?-
ieo aiaeiineiao.-?aae. i?aai, 1982, ? 3, n. 36-37.
(*46) Ni.: i. 46 iinoaiiaeaiey OeE EINN e Niaaoa Ieieno?ia NNN?
io 12 ethey 1979 a.
aiaenoaaiiua iauaaeeiaiey.-I?aaaea, 1981, 8 iay.
(*47) Ni.: i. 1 iinoaiiaeaiey OeE EINN e Niaaoa Ieieno?ia NNN?
io 25 ethiy 1975 a. .-NI NNN?, 1975, ? 16, no. 98.
(*48) Oaeiai iiaiey i?eaea?aeeaaaony e A. A. Eaioaa (Ni.: Eai-
oaa A. A. Yeiiiieea e i?aai, n. 40).
(*49) NI NNN?. 1976, ? 2, no. 13.
(*50) Yoi i?aaeeiaeaiea iaiaeiie?aoii auaeaeaaeinue a eeoa?aoo?a (Ne-
noaiaoecaoeey oicyenoaaiiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa. I., 1971, n. 148; Aea-
oei A. I. I?aaei?eyoea a nenoaia io?aneaaiai oi?aaeaiey, n. 70).
-124-
Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter
