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Ia?eaiaioneia i?aai

AAAAeAIEA

Enoi?ey ia?eaiaioa en/eneyaony aaeaie. Iaeiaei ia/aei nenoaiaoe/aneiai eco/aiey ii?i, ?aaeaiaioe?othueo i?aaiecaoeeth e ii?yaeie aeayoaeueiinoe ia?eaiaioa, ia?eaiaioneeo i?ioeaaeo?, naycuaaaony n iiyaeaieai a ia/aea OO aaea o?oaeia E. Aaioaia (?onneee ia?aaiae – 1907 a.) e Aai?e I. ?iaa?oa (1915 a., ?onneee ia?aaiae – 1995 a.) 1, a oi?ie?iaaiea ia?eaiaioneiai i?aaa eae einoeoooeeiiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey ioiineony e eiioeo OO aaea. Aeaaea a Aaeeeia?eoaiee, eioi?ay n/eoaaony eeanne/aneei ia?acoeii ia?eaiaioa?ecia e eiaao aeaaiea ia?eaiaioneea o?aaeeoeee, ia nouanoaoao oa?ieia e aeey iaicia/aiey niaieoiiinoe i?aaee ia?eaiaioneiai i?iecaiaenoaa oiio?aaeyaony iauaa iiiyoea 2. Ai O?aioeee ia?eaiaioneia i?aai ii?aaeaeyaony eae /anoue eiinoeoooeeiiiiai i?aaa eee eae 3.
A th?eaee/aneie eeoa?aoo?a no?ai NIA n ia/aea 90-o aiaeia oneeeeny eioa?an e eco/aieth niaea?aeaiey e ianoa ia?eaiaioneiai i?aaa a iaoeeiiaeueiuo i?aaiauo nenoaiao. A.I. Oiii?iei, ooaa?aeaeay, /oi ia?eaiaioneia i?aai ioiineony e io?aneyi i?aaa, , ioia/aao, /oi yoo niaieoiiinoue ii?i .
Iaeiia?aiaiii aaoi?, iiae/a?eeaay iaioaeaeeiinoue ia?eaiaioneiai i?aaa io eiinoeoooeeiiiiai, ana aea i?eoiaeeo e auaiaeo i oii, /oi 1. Yoio auaiae i?aaenoaaeyaony aanueia nii?iui a nayce n oai, /oi naiinoiyoaeueiay io?aneue i?aaa ?aaoee?oao ea/anoaaiii iaeii?iaeioth noa?o iauanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee, eiaao naie iaoiae i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey. Iauanoaaiiua ioiioaiey, naycaiiua n i?aaiecaoeeae e ooieoeeiie?iaaieai ia?eaiaioa, ai-ia?auo, yaeythony /anoueth eiinoeoooeeiiiiai i?aaa; ai-aoi?uo, iaoiaeu i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey eiinoeoooeeiiiiai i?aaa niaiaaeatho n iaoiaeaie ia?eaiaioneiai; a-o?aoueeo, ?aaeei i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey eiinoeoooeeiiiiai i?aaa iaiin?aaenoaaiii aeaenoaoao a iaeanoe ia?eaiaioneiai. Iiyoiio ianoi ia?eaiaioneiai i?aaa a i?aaiaie nenoaia aeieaeii ii?aaeaeyoueny eae iiaeio?aneue2 eee einoeooo3 eiinoeoooeeiiiiai i?aaa. ?aoaiea i?iaeaiu, aeaeeii, iaoneiaeaii niaea?aeaieai i?aaeiaoa ii?i ia?eaiaioneiai i?aaa, ii ii?aaeaeaieth I.A. E?ooiaieiaa e I.E. Eiaea?a, – aai i?e?iaeie 4.
Caeanue oaeaea ia aeinoeaiooi aeieo?eiaeueiiai aaeeinoaa. N iaeiie noi?iiu, a i?aaeiao ia?eaiaioneiai i?aaa aeeth/athony ia oieueei i?ioeannoaeueii-i?ioeaaeo?iua ii?iu ia?eaiaioneie aeayoaeueiinoe, ii e ia?eaiaioa 5, aieioue aei i?eciaiey 6. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, i?aaei?eieiathony iiiuoee ia?aie/aiey i?aaeiaoa ia?eaiaioneiai i?aaa aeayoaeueiinoueth ia?eaiaioa e aai ioiioaieyie 1.
A aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe ia?eaiaioneia i?aai – einoeooo 2, iineieueeo eiaao n iei aaeeiue i?aaeiao, iaoiae e ?aaeei ?aaoee?iaaiey. Niaea?aeaiea aai i?aaeiaoa ii?aaeaeyaony niioaaonoaaiii n ooieoeeyie ia?eaiaioa3.
I?e oaeii iiaeoiaea e ia?eaiaioneiio i?aao a niaea?aeaiea aeeth/athony iauanoaaiiua ioiioaiey, neeaaeuaathueany a i?ioeanna auiieiaiey o/?aaeeoaeueiie, caeiiiaeaoaeueiie, iiieiaoeeiiiie e eiio?ieueiie ooieoeee e io?aaeathuea aai ?ieue eae aunoaai i?aaenoaaeoaeueiiai i?aaia a ainoaea?noaa4.
?ieaaay iiceoeey ia?eaiaioa ii?aaeaeyao aeooaeueiinoue ia?auaiey e ia?eaiaioneiio i?aao a neiaeiuo oneiaeyo eciaiaiey nioeeaeueii-iieeoe/aneeo eii?aeeiao ?acaeoey iauanoaa, iienea iioeiaeueiuo iiaeaeae i?aaiecaoeee ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe, oi?ie?iaaiey iiauo i?aaiauo nenoai, ia i?iaaeueiinoue a ia/aea eo nicaeaiey e iaoneiaeeaathueo iieeoe/aneia cia/aiea ia?eaiaioneeo i?ioeaaeo?: 5.
Aeooaeueiinoue ia?auaiey e i?iaeaia ia?eaiaioneiai i?aaa aucaaia ii?aaeaeaieai ianoa aunoaai i?aaenoaaeoaeueiiai i?aaia a nenoaia ainoaea?noaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa e i?aaioai?/anoaa no?ai, nooieaoeo ia iooue naiinoiyoaeueiiai aeaiie?aoe/aneiai ?acaeoey iinea ?aniaaea NNN?.
Eae ecaanoii, enneaaeiaaiea ii enoi?ee i?aaa i?aaeiieaaaao eae iaeiia?aiaiiue aiaeec nenoaiu i?aaa a oeaeii, oae e eco/aiea ioaeaeueiuo aai io?aneae, iiaeio?aneae e einoeoooia. N yoie oi/ee c?aiey, noa?ie iaoaai enneaaeiaaiey yaeyaony iaeia ec iiaeio?aneae eiinoeoooeeiiiiai i?aaa, a eiaiii ia?eaiaioneia i?aai oeacaiiiai ia?eiaea. Eae ioia/aeinue a th?eaee/aneie eeoa?aoo?a, aaaeiaeoay caaea/a ia?eaiaioneiai i?aaa 1. Neaaeoao aeiaaaeoue, /oi aeooaeueii ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue ia oieueei aeiaiaoe/aneia iai?aaeaiea (o.a. eco/aiea aeaenoaothueo ii?i), ii e eco/aiea i?ioeannia noaiiaeaiey e ?acaeoey ia?eaiaioneiai i?aaa, eo aeeyiea ia yaiethoeeth aeaiiiai i?ioeanna a oeaeii.
Aeey aeaiiiai enneaaeiaaiey iniiaiui iaoiaeii eca?ai n?aaieoaeueii-enoi?e/aneee iaoiae, /oi ia yaeyaony neo/aeiui.
N?aaieoaeueii-enoi?e/aneee iaoiae caieiaao iaeii ec aaaeoueo iano a enoi?eei-i?aaiaie iaoea, iineieueeo ii iauaaeeiyao oieaa?naeueiua iioaioeee, caeiaeaiiua a enoi?ecia, e niinianoaoao i?iaiice?iaaieth aoaeouaai eco/aaiuo yaeaiee2.
N?aaieoaeueiia eco/aiea iiceoeaiiai e iaaaoeaiiai enoi?e/aneiai iiuoa ?acee/iuo ainoaea?noa eiaao eae oai?aoe/aneia, oae e i?aeoe/aneia cia/aiea. Ii nouanoao, nicaeaiea ethaie iauaoai?aoe/aneie eiioeaioeee i?aaiaaaeaiey ia i?aaenoaaeyaony aiciiaeiie aac i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai n?aaieoaeueiiai eco/aiey, niiinoaaeaiey e aiaeeca eiathuaainy iiuoa, a oii /enea e enoi?e/aneiai. A Oe?aeia e Aca?aaeaeaeaia a ia?aua aiaeu iinea ?aniaaea NNN? ?aoi?iu ainoaea?noaaiiuo no?oeoo? ia anaaaea auee oaea/iuie, iineieueeo ia o/eouaaeny enoi?e/aneee iiuo. N i?aeoe/aneie oi/ee c?aiey, n?aaieoaeueiia i?aaiaaaeaiea iiaeao iiaeneacaoue iooe, oi?iu e iaoiaeu, eioi?ua oeaeaniia?acii eniieueciaaoue a neiaeeaoaeny neooaoeee i?e ?aoi?ie?iaaiee ainoaea?noaa. Neaaeoao o/eouaaoue, /oi iiceoeaiua e iaaaoeaiua auaiaeu aeieaeiu auoue naeaeaiu n o/aoii eiie?aoii-enoi?e/aneeo oneiaee ?acaeoey eaaeaeiai ioaeaeueii acyoiai ainoaea?noaa. Iaeuecy iaoaie/anee ia?aiineoue /oaeie iiuo e eiua oneiaey, eae iaeuecy noi?ioee?iaaoue oieaa?naeueiua i?aeoe/aneea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee, iaeeiaeiai i?eaiaeiua aeey anao ainoaea?noa, a?aiai e ia?iaeia. Eaaeaeue ia?iae aiineo naie aeeaae a oi?ie?iaaiea iaua/aeiaa/aneeo oeaiiinoae, a oii /enea e a noa?o iienea iioeiaeueiuo no?oeoo? ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe.
N?aaieoaeueiia enneaaeiaaiea iiaeaeae ainoaea?noaaiiinoe, ?acee/iuo einoeoooia ainoaea?noaa aeieaeii i?iaiaeeoueny ia iee?io?iaia (iai?eia?, aiaeec i?aaiecaoeee e aeayoaeueiinoe iinoiyiiuo eiiennee ia?eaiaioia) e ia iae?io?iaia (eco/aiea ia?eaiaioneie aeayoaeueiinoe e aa ?aaoee?iaaiey a oeaeii). A i?aaenoaaeaiiii enneaaeiaaiee a n?aaieoaeueiii ieaia iiaeaa?aathony aiaeeco eae ia?eaiaiou Oe?aeiu e Aca?aaeaeaeaia a oeaeii, oae e eo ioaeaeueiua no?oeoo?iua iiae?acaeaeaiey. Au/eaiaiea oaeeo iiae?acaeaeaiee inouanoaeaii, i?aaeaea anaai, ii i?eciaeo ?aaoee?iaaiey eo a eiinoeoooeeyo e eiinoeoooeeiiiuo caeiiao. I?aaei?eiyoa iiiuoea oi?iaeueii-th?eaee/aneee iiaeoiae aeiiieieoue iieeoeei-th?eaee/aneei, i?e eioi?ii enoi?e/aneea oneiaey oi?ie?iaaiey ia?eaiaioneiai i?aaa yaeythony ii?aaeaeythueie.
A ?aaioao o/aiuo-eiiia?aoeaenoia iineaaeieo eao ii n?aaieoaeueiiio i?aaiaaaeaieth ?ac?aaioaiu iauea iaoiaeieiae/aneea i?aaeea n?aaieoaeueii-i?aaiaiai aiaeeca. Inoaiiaeiny oieueei ia iaeiii ec oaeeo i?aaee, eioi?ia ioiineony e ia?aie noaaeee i?ioeanna n?aaiaiey. ?a/ue eaeao i i?aaeeueiii auai?a iauaeoia n?aaieoaeueiiai aiaeeca. N yoie oi/ee c?aiey, eiatho aaaeiia iaoiaeieiae/aneia cia/aiea iniiaiua oneiaey i?aaeeueiiai i?eiaiaiey enoi?eei-n?aaieoaeueiiai iaoiaea, eioi?ua noi?ioee?iaaiu I.I. Eiaaeaaneei, aeoaiei iainiiaaaoei yoio iaoiae i?eiaieoaeueii e enoi?eei-th?eaee/aneei enneaaeiaaieyi:
1) , , eioi?ia ia aeieaeii ia?aie/eaaoueny ia?iaeaie iaeiie eaeie-ieaoaeue ?anu eee ia?iaeaie, aiai?yueie ia iaeiii e oii aea ycuea eeai eiathueie iaeio e oo aea ?aeeaeth;
2) n?aaiaiea iiaeao auoue a ioiioaiee caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa e i?aaiauo nenoai, , o.a. eioi?ua iaoiaeyony ia iaeiii o?iaia iauanoaaiiiai ?acaeoey 1.
Yoei oneiaeyi iieiinoueth oaeiaeaoai?yao i?aaenoaaeaiiia enneaaeiaaiea. Ia?eaiaioneia i?aai Aca?aaeaeaeaia e ia?eaiaioneia i?aai Oe?aeiu a 1917 – 1920 aiaeao niiinoaaeythony ia oieueei iioiio, /oi iie niaiaee ai a?aiaie e nouanoaiaaee iaeiia?aiaiii, ii e iioiio, /oi auee iaeiioeiiuie ii o?iaith e oa?aeoa?o ?acaeoey. A iauai iai?aaeaiee a iaaeo no?aiao a oeaeii inouanoaeyaony ia?eaiaioneay ?aoi?ia a iuiaoiee ia?aoiaeiue ia?eiae.
Oe?aeia e Aca?aaeaeaeai anooiatho a XXI aae n aieueoeie nioeeaeueiuie iaeeaeaieyie e ia?niaeoeaie auoiaea ec nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?iaeai ia?aoiaeiiai ia?eiaea, eioi?ua a iao/iie eeoa?aoo?a e ioaeeoeenoeea oaea o?aaeeoeeiiii iaicia/athony eae e?eceniia ninoiyiea, nenoaiiue e?ecen. Yoi ii?aaeaeaiea a oeaeii aiciiaeii ioianoe e e ninoiyieth nenoaiu ia?eaiaioa?ecia e aai ninoaaiie – ia?eaiaioneiio i?aao no?ai, eioi?ia eca?aii i?aaeiaoii n?aaieoaeueii-enoi?e/aneiai aiaeeca.
Ia?auaiea e enoi?ee – caeia ia?aoaiey aa?u a aeeciaiioth neeo iaoeeiiaeueiuo aeaiie?aoe/aneeo o?aaeeoeee ainoaea?noaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa e auyaeaiey iiaeaioiaeaiiinoe iauanoaa e aeaiie?aoe/aneei i?aia?aciaaieyi, eniieueciaaiey enoi?e/aneiai iiuoa iaoeeiiaeueiie ainoaea?noaaiiinoe, iniaaiii aai aeaaiuo aao, e oai?/aneiai ia?ainiuneaiey aiaaoaeoae i?aeoeee nianoaaiiie enoi?ee.
A yoii ioiioaiee iaeaieueoee eioa?an aeey Oe?aeiu e Aca?aaeaeaeaia eiaao ia?eiae noaiiaeaiey iaoeeiiaeueiie aeaiie?aoe/aneie ainoaea?noaaiiinoe 1917 – 1920 aiaeia. Iaeiei ec iniiaiuo ea/anoaaiiuo aeinoeaeaiee yoiai ia?eiaea yaeyaony oi?ie?iaaiea e ?acaeoea ia?eaiaioa?ecia. Ni aeiy ia?aciaaiey ia?eaiaiou yoeo iieiaeuo ainoaea?noa caiyee a iieeoe/aneie nenoaia aaaeiia ianoi, ea?ay aaaeouoth ?ieue a iieeoe/aneie aeecie.
Aeaaa 1.
Enoi/ieee ia?eaiaioneiai i?aaa

Eniieuecoy iauaoai?aoe/aneia i?aaenoaaeaiea ia enoi/ieeao i?aaa eae 1, aeaaiia aieiaiea aoaeai oaeaeyoue oa?aeoa?enoeea ii?iaoeaii-i?aaiauo aeoia eae iniiaiuo 2.
Ii niaea?aeaieth ia?eaiaioneia i?aai Aca?aaeaeaeaineie Aeaiie?aoe/aneie ?anioaeeee (AAe?) e Oe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeee (OI?) ia auei iaeii?iaeiui. A iaai aoiaeeee ii?iu eiinoeoooeeiiiiai oa?aeoa?a, ii?iu oaeouaai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, a oaeaea niaoeeoe/aneea ia?eaiaioneea aeou ( iaeacu ia?eaiaioia, aeou, i?aaeoniao?eaathuea niaoeeaeueiua i?ioeaaeo?u ?anniio?aiey ioaeaeueiuo aii?inia, e ae?oaea aeou. Ianiio?y ia n?aaieoaeueii iicaeiaa noaiiaeaiea a AAe? e OI? ia?eaiaioneiai i?aaa, ii ii?iaoeaiiio iauaio iii i?aaenoaaeyao cia/eoaeueiue iannea caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeoia, nenoaiaoece?iaaiiue a oi?ia eiinieeaeaoeee e iiaeaeathueeny eeanneoeeaoeee ii neaaeothuei eaoaai?eyi:
1. Eiinoeoooeee e ii?iaoeaiua aeou eiinoeoooeeiiiiai oa?aeoa?a.
Yoi, i?aaeaea anaai, Eiinoeoooeey Oe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeee (Noaooo i ainoaea?noaaiiii ono?ienoaa, i?aaao e aieueiinoyo OI?), i?eiyoay 29 ai?aey 1918 aiaea, eioi?ay a III ?acaeaea ii?iaoeaii cae?aieea i?eioeei ?acaeaeaiey aeanoae. Eiinoeoooeey ia i?aaeoniio?aea nenoaiu naea?aeae e i?ioeaiaania iaaeaeo ioaeaeueiuie aaoayie aeanoe. Iaeiaei iia cae?aieea ni noi?iiu ianaeaiey ia?iaeioth caeiiiaeaoaeueioth eieoeeaoeao e i?aai ?inionea ia?eaiaioa a ?acoeueoaoa i?iaaaeaiey ia?iaeiiai ?aoa?aiaeoia. A yoii ioiioaiee iaaacuioa?aniu oaeaea i?iaeou Iniiaiiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai caeiia OI? e Eiinoeoooeee Caiaaeiioe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeee.
E aeoai eiinoeoooeeiiiiai cia/aiey, caeiaeeaoei iniiau oe?aeineiai ia?eaiaioneiai i?aaa, ioiinyony oaeaea oieaa?naeu Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu (III Oieaa?nae Oe?aeineie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu io 7 (20) iiya?y 1917 aiaea, IV Oieaa?nae Oe?aeineie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu io 9 (22) yiaa?y 1918 aiaea, aeaeea?aoeee Aee?aeoi?ee (Aeaeea?aoeey Oe?aeineie Aee?aeoi?ee io 13 (26) aeaeaa?y 1918 aiaea), a?aiiou Aaoiaiaoa, COI?.
Aca?aaeaeaeaineia ia?eaiaioneia i?aai aa?ao ia/aei n Aeoa i iacaaeneiinoe, i?eiyoiai Iaoeeiiaeueiui Niaaoii (Ieeee Oo?a) Aca?aaeaeaeaia io 28 iay 1918 aiaea. Iieeoeei-i?aaiaia cia/aiea yoiai aeieoiaioa ninoiyei ia oieueei a iiaeoaa?aeaeaiee oaeoa ainnoaiiaeaiey iacaaeneiinoe Aca?aaeaeaeaia e cae?aieaiee noaoona AAe? eae noaa?aiiiai e iieiii?aaiiai iacaaeneiiai ainoaea?noaa, a e a oii, /oi ii cae?aieye iniiau iieeoe/aneie nenoaiu – oi?io i?aaeaiey ia?eaiaioneie ?anioaeeee n aeaiie?aoe/aneei ?aaeeiii, nenoaio aunoeo i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe, ioaaonoaaiiinoue i?aaeoaeuenoaa ia?aae caeiiiaeaoaeueiui i?aaiii, eo?n ia ?aoi?ie?iaaiea ia?eaiaioa?ecia1.
2. Caeiiu.
A Oe?aeia e caeiiai, ?aaoee?othuei aeayoaeueiinoue ia?eaiaioneeo i?aaiia, ioiineeenue: Caeii i auai?ao a O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea Oe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeee, ooaa?aeaeaiiue a aeaa yoaia (11 iiya?y 1917 a. – ia?aue ?acaeae, 16 iiya?y 1917 a. – aoi?ie ?acaeae), Caeii i niaea?aeaiee Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu ia ainoaea?noaaiiua n?aaenoaa io 25 iiya?y 1917 aiaea, Caeii i iai?eeiniiaaiiinoe /eaiia Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu io 16 ai?aey 1918 aiaea, Caeii i i?aaa aaniioeeiiiai iieo/aiey eiea e ae?oaeo ecaeaiee aeaeeioaeie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu io 9 ai?aey 1918 aiaea, Caeiiu i a?aiaiiii ainoaea?noaaiiii ono?ienoaa Oe?aeiu io 29 ai?aey 1918 aiaea, A?aiioa ei anaio oe?aeineiio ia?iaeo io 29 ai?aey 1918 aiaea, Caeii i oi?ia aeanoe a Oe?aeia io 28 yiaa?y 1919 aiaea, A?aiaiiue Iniiaiie caeii COI? io 13 iiya?y 1918 aiaea.
A AAe? e oaeei caeiiai ioiineeenue: Caeii ia ia?aciaaiee Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai Ia?eaiaioa io 20 iiya?y 1918 aiaea, Caeii i ianiaianoeiinoe io 25 yiaa?y 1919 aiaea, Caeii ia ionoonoaothueo aeaiooaoao io 16 yiaa?y 1919 aiaea. E aeoai eiinoeoooeeiiiiai cia/aiey neaaeoao oaeaea ioianoe iinoaiiaeaiea Iaoeeiiaeueiiai Niaaoa Aca?aaeaeaeaia io 17 ethiy 1918 aiaea.
3. Ii?iaoeaiua aeou, eiathuea neeo caeiia.
Oioy yoe aeou e iineee anaaiciiaeiua iacaaiey, ii iaoa?eaeueiiio niaea?aeaieth, ii?yaeeo i?eiyoey iie eiaee neeo caeiia.
E /eneo oaeeo aeoia a OI? neaaeoao ioianoe – Noaooo Aaia?aeueiiai Nae?aoa?eaoa io 29 ethey 1917 aiaea, Eino?oeoeeth aeey iieueciaaiey ia?aui ?acaeaeii Caeiia i auai?ao a O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea Oe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeee io 16 iiya?y 1917 aiaea, Eino?oeoeeth aeey auai?ia a Eiia?ann o?oaeiaiai ia?iaea Oe?aeiu io 5 yiaa?y 1919 aiaea, Oieaa?nae O?oaeiaiai eiia?anna Oe?aeiu io 28 yiaa?y 1919 aiaea, a a AAe? – Iieiaeaiea i auai?ao a O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeee io 21 ethey 1919 aiaea, I?aaeea i ii?yaeea aianaiey a I?aaeoaeuenoai e Ia?eaiaio caeiiii?iaeoia e i aeaeueiaeoai iai?aaeaiee eo1, ooaa?aeaeaiiua 18 ieoya?y 1919 aiaea.
4. Caeiiiaeaoaeueiua aeou ?aaeaiaioiiai oa?aeoa?a.
Yoe aeou yaeyeenue aaaeiaeoeie enoi/ieeaie ia?eaiaioneiai i?aaa a /anoe ?aaoee?iaaiey ii?yaeea aeayoaeueiinoe aunoeo caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo i?aaiia e iacuaaeenue e a OI? e a AAe? iaeacaie.
Iaeac Oe?aeineie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaea io 23 ai?aey 1917 aiaea ii?aaeaeye aa eae . Iaeac onoaiaaeeaae, /oi ?aaioa Oe?aeineie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu i?iaiaeeony /a?ac Iauaa Nia?aiea Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu e /a?ac aa Eiieoao. Iaeac ?aaoee?iaae ii?yaeie ?aaiou Iauaai Nia?aiey, ii?aaeaeye aai oi?iu, onoaiaaeeaae ninoaa Eiieoaoa e oneiaey ia?aciaaiey ia?eaiaioneeo eiiennee2.
Haeac Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai Ia?eaiaioa io 17 ia?oa 1919 aiaea ea?ae ?ieue ?aaeaiaioa, eee onoaaa, Ia?eaiaioa. Haeac, ninoiyaoee ec 200 ioieoia, ii?aaeaeye ii?yaeie aeayoaeueiinoe Ia?eaiaioa e aai i?aaiia. Haeacii ?aaoee?iaaeenue oaeea aii?inu, eae ioe?uoea Ia?eaiaioa, i?iaaaeaiea auai?ia ia ?oeiaiaeyuea aeieaeiinoe, i?ioeaaeo?a ?anniio?aiey e ?ac?aoaiey aii?inia, noiyueo ia iiaanoea aeiy, i?aaiecaoeey e ii?yaeie ?aaiou eiiennee aunoaai caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai i?aaia, ninoaa e iieiiii/ey I?aceaeeoia Ia?eaiaioa, iaeioi?ua aii?inu i?aaiaiai noaoona ia?iaeiuo eca?aiieeia e ae?.1
Aeaaa 2.
Oi?ie?iaaiea i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuo i?aaiia e eo ianoi a iaoaiecia ainoaea?noaa

A ioee/ea io o?aaeeoeeiiiiai i?aaenoaaeaiey niaaoneie enoi?eia?aoee, a oii /enea e enoi?eei-i?aaiaie iaoee, ia eneonnoaaiiinoe ia?eaiaioneeo einoeoooia ?aaeueiinoue caeeth/aeanue a oii, /oi ia?eaiaiou yoeo no?ai auee i?iyaeaieai aiee ia?iaea, au?aaeaiiie ai a?aiy auai?ia ia?iaeiuo i?aaenoaaeoaeae ai Ana?inneeneia O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea. Yoe auai?u i?iaiaeeeenue ia iniiaa aeaiie?aoe/aneiai Iieiaeaiey i auai?ao io 23 naioya?y 1917 aiaea, eioi?ia i?aaeoniao?eaaei anaiauaa e ?aaiia ecae?aoaeueiia i?aai iin?aaenoaii i?yiuo auai?ia e oaeiiai aieiniaaiey n i?eiaiaieai ia/ae i?iii?oeeiiaeueiiai i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa.
Iinea Oaa?aeueneie ao?aeoacii-aeaiie?aoe/aneie ?aaiethoeee a ?innee Oe?aeia iaeiie ec ia?auo a ninoaaa auaoae ?inneeneie eiia?ee i?enooieea e nicaeaieth oeaio?aeueiuo i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuo i?aaiia. Iauaaeeiaiea iaoeeiiaeueiuo nee a Oe?aeia a ?acoeueoaoa aeinoeaeaiey niaeaney ia ia?aaiai?ao iaaeaeo i?aaenoaaeoaeyie ?acee/iuo oe?aeineeo i?aaiecaoeee, oiaa?euanoa e a?oii i?eaaei e aicieeiiaaieth 3 (17) ia?oa 1917 aiaea Oe?aeineie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu – iauaoe?aeineiai iauanoaaiii-iieeoe/aneiai oeaio?a.
Anaoe?aeineee Iaoeeiiaeueiue Eiia?ann, eioi?ue ninoiyeny 5-7 (17-21) ai?aey a Eeaaa, naieoeeiie?iaae noaoon Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu eae aunoaai oa??eoi?eaeueiiai i?aaia aeanoe a Oe?aeia, a niioaaonoaee n eioi?ui Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea aeieaeia auea ?acaeaaoueny eae iaoeeiiaeueiue ia?eaiaio.
A caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeoao i?aaeoaeuenoaa OI? – Aaia?aeueiiai Nae?aoa?eaoa – Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea iacuaaeanue , , 1.
Anee a I Oieaa?naea Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea iacaaea naay oe?aeineiai ia?iaea, oi a IV Oieaa?naea aiai?eeinue aieaa eiie?aoii: <... iu oe oeaio i ia e nieaeao> 1. A aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea auea noi?ie?iaaia ia iooai anaiaueo ia?eaiaioneeo auai?ia, a ia iniiaa aeaeaae?iaaiey a aa ninoaa i?aaenoaaeoaeae ?acee/iuo iauanoaaiii-iieeoe/aneeo i?aaiecaoeee. I. A?ooaaneee ii yoiio iiaiaeo ioia/ae, /oi Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea 2.
Oae, a ia?aue ninoaa Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu aoiaeeee i?aaenoaaeoaee Oe?aeineie ?aaeu e?anoueyineeo aeaiooaoia (145), Anaoe?aeineie ?aaeu aieneiauo aeaiooaoia (132), Anaoe?aeineie ?aaeu ?aai/eo aeaiooaoia (100), aeaeaaaoia aoaa?iee e e?oiiuo ai?iaeia (67) e ae?. 3 Iiyoiio ai anao oieaa?naeao iiae/a?eeaaeinue, /oi Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea yaeyaony a?aiaiiui i?aaiii, eioi?ue i?ae?aoeo naia nouanoaiaaiea iinea nicuaa Oe?aeineiai O/?aaeeoaeueiiai Nia?aiey.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, ianiio?y ia ana i?eciaee ia?eaiaioa, Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea auea , ia?aoiaeiui iinoeeii e enoeiiiio ia?eaiaioo 4.
I. Nei?iiaaeneee, eioi?ue i?eoae e aeanoe iinea iaaeaiey OI?, aue noi?iiieeii neeueiie aeanoe. Yoa eaeay iaoea io?aaeaiea a ooaa?aeaeaiiuo ei 29 ai?aey 1918 aiaea 5, eioi?ua ianee caiaoiue ioia/aoie oaeeo i?eioeeiia ia?eaiaioa?ecia e eiinoeoooeeiiaeecia eae ?acaeaeaiea aeanoae, aa?oiaainoai caeiia, i?iaicaeaoaiea iniiaiuo i?aa e naiaiae /aeiaaea e a?aaeaeaieia e ae?. Nicaeaiea ia?eaiaioa yoeie Caeiiaie ia i?aaeoniao?eaaeinue. Iaeiaei, eae aiineaaenoaee auynieeinue, onoaiiaeaiiay aeanoue iineea a?aiaiiue oa?aeoa? e aeieaeia auea ooieoeeiie?iaaoue 6.
I iaiaoiaeeiinoe nicuaa Ainoaea?noaaiiiai Naeia oea ?a/ue a aaoiaineie io 29 ai?aey 1918 aiaea 1. Aua ?ac e yoiio aii?ino I. Nei?iiaaeneee aica?auaaony a A?aiioa io 22 ieoya?y 1918 aiaea, aaea aiai?eeinue i iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?eiyoey Caeiia i auai?ao a Ainoaea?noaaiiue Naei. 16 iiya?y 1918 aiaea Niaao Ieieno?ia ?anniio?ae aii?in ia onei?aiee iiaeaioiaeoaeueiie ?aaiou ii nicuao Ainoaea?noaaiiiai Naeia e ooaa?aeaeaiee ninoaaa eiiennee ii ?ac?aaioea niioaaonoaothuaai caeiia 2. Iaeiaei eiienney ia i?enooieea e ?aaioa e caeii i auai?ao a Ainoaea?noaaiiue Naei ia aue ?ac?aaioai.
Eaeayie ia?eaiaioa?ecia auee i?iiecaiu i?iaeou eiinoeoooeee Oe?aeineie aea?aeaau, eioi?ua ?ac?aaaouaaeenue a ethea-ieoya?a 1918 aiaea. Oae, , a ninoaaeaiee eioi?iai i?eieiae ee/iia o/anoea I. Nei?iiaaeneee, i?aaeoniao?eaae i?aa?auaiea Oe?aeiu a ianeaaenoaaiioth eiinoeoooeeiiioth iiia?oeth ai aeaaa n ei?ieai, eioi?ue, anooiay ia i?anoie, i?eiineo i?enyao e ia?auaaony e ia?iaeo n oieaa?naeii. Ei?ieue i?iaicaeaoaeny aa?oiaiui aeaaie ainoaea?noaa, iniaie nayuaiiie e iai?eeanaaiie, a ecaeaiiua ei aeou aeieaeiu auee ne?aieyoueny iiaeienueth niioaaonoaothuaai ieieno?a, eioi?ue ioaa/ae ca eceiaeaiiua a aeieoiaioa iieiaeaiey. Ei?ieth i?aaeinoaaeyeinue i?aai ?inionea ia?eaiaioa e onoaiiaeaiea n?iea iiauo auai?ia, i?iaicaeaoaiea aieiu, caeeth/aiea ie?a, iacia/aiea e inaiaiaeaeaiea ieieno?ia e ae?oaeo aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe, iacia/aiea iiaeeciaiiuo /eaiia ia?eaiaioa, inouanoaeaiea aa?oiaiiai eiiaiaeiaaiey aii?oaeaiiuie neeaie, iiaeaeiaaiea a?aoneeo e eiyaeaneeo oeooeia, iiieeiaaiey e ae?.
Ia?eaiaio, eioi?ue iacuaaeny Naeiii, ninoiye ec aeaoo iaeao – Aaia?aeueiie ?aaeu e ?aaeu aeaiooaoia. Aa?oiyy iaeaoa – Aaia?aeueiay ?aaea – ninoiyea ec 150 ethaeae Oe?aeiu, ?aeiiaiaeiaaiiuo caineeie nia?aieyie, ai?iaeneeie aeoiaie, Naiaoii, eioaauie ?aaeaie, oieaa?neoaoaie. O?aoue Aaia?aeueiie ?aaeu aeaaa ainoaea?noaa iacia/ae ia aeieaeiinoue aeaiooaoia iiaeeciaiii. Inoaeueiua ecae?aeenue ia oanoue eao caineeie eee eacaoeeeie nia?aieyie. Ieaeithth iaeaoo – ?aaeo aeaiooaoia – a eiee/anoaa 600 eeoe aeieaeii auei ecae?aoue ianaeaiea n?ieii ia /aou?a aiaea. Eiiiaoaioeey e ii?yaeie ?aaiou Naeia a i?iaeoa eiinoeoooeee ia ii?aaeaeyeenue. Ioia/aeinue oieueei, /oi aai canaaeaiey ioe?uaathony a?aiioie aeaau ainoaea?noaa, a aeaiooaou ia eiatho i?aaa iieo/aoue /eiu, i?aeaia e caaiey.
Aeaiooaou Naeia aeieaeiu auee eniieiyoue naie iaycaiiinoe ia i?ioanneiiaeueiie iniiaa, ca /oi iieo/aee aiciaa?aaeaeaiea a ?acia?a, onoaiiaeaiiii caeiiii. A neo/aa aein?i/iiai ?inionea Naeia iiaua auai?u ?aaeu aeaiooaoia aeieaeiu auee ninoiyoueny ia i?ioyaeaiee o?ao ianyoeaa, a Aaia?aeueiay ?aaea nicuaaeanue ia iicaeiaa /aou?ao ianyoeaa iinea ?inionea.
Aeey iianaaeiaaiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa ainoaea?noaii aai aeaaa iacia/ae aoaiai-ieieno?a e ieieno?ia (?aaeo eee Eaaeiao Ieieno?ia), iiaeio/aoiuo Naeio e Naiaoo. I?iaeo i?aaeoniao?eaae, /oi Naiao eae ia caaeneo io ieieno?a thnoeoeee.
Aieaa aeaiie?aoe/iui aue i?iaeo eiinoeoooeee Oe?aeineie aea?aeaau, aaoi?noai eioi?iai i?eienuaatho N. Oaeooeio1. Yoio i?iaeo iniiauaaeny ia i?eioeeiao ia?iaeiaeanoey e ?acaeaeaiey aeanoae. Caeiiiaeaoaeueiue i?aai – Ia?eaiaio – ecae?aeny ia iniiaa anaiauaai, ?aaiiai, i?yiiai e i?iii?oeeiiaeueiiai aieiniaaiey anao a?aaeaeai ec ?an/aoa iaeei aeaiooao io noa ouny/ ianaeaiey. Aeaiooaou ecae?aeenue ia /aou?a aiaea. I?aai ?inionea Ia?eaiaioa i?eiaaeeaaeaei eneeth/eoaeueii naiiio Ia?eaiaioo. A yoii neo/aa iiaua auai?u iacia/aeenue eniieieoaeueiui i?aaiii – ?aaeie Ieieno?ia. Iie aeieaeiu auee ninoiyoueny ia ?aiaa /ai /a?ac /aou?a ianyoea iinea iacia/aiey n?iea auai?ia, a nicua Ia?eaiaioa – ia i?ioyaeaiee aeaoo ianyoeaa iinea auai?ia.
Ia?eaiaio aeieaeai aue niae?aoueny aaeaaiaeii ia aeaa nannee, ia?a?ua iaaeaeo eioi?uie ia aeieaeai aue i?aauoaoue o?ao ianyoeaa. Aiai/a?aaeiua nannee iiaee nicuaaoueny ii o?aaiaaieth iyoie /anoe aeaiooaoneiai ei?iona. I?aaenaaeaoaeuenoaiaae ia canaaeaieyo eca?aiiue aaniethoiui aieueoeinoaii aeaiooaoia i?aaenaaeaoaeue. Iieiiii/iuie n/eoaeenue canaaeaiey, ia eioi?uo i?enoonoaiaaei aieueoeinoai aeaiooaoia.
Aeaaa ainoaea?noaa i?aaeinoaaeyeinue i?aai ioe?uoey canaaeaiee Ia?eaiaioa i/a?aaeiuo nicuaia. Ii aea oi?ie?iaae ?aaeo Ieieno?ia. Iaeiaei no?oeoo?o i?aaeoaeuenoaa e aai /eneaiiinoue ii?aaeaeye Ia?eaiaio.
Yoio i?iaeo eiinoeoooeee, eae e i?aaeuaeouee, ia aue ?anniio?ai e inoaeny oieueei ia aoiaaa.
Aee?aeoi?ey, i?eoaaeoay e aeanoe iinea io?a/aiey I. Nei?iiaaeneiai io aaoiainoaa, ieacaeanue ia?aae aeueoa?iaoeaie: eaeoe ii iooe aa?iiaeneiai ia?eaiaioa?ecia eee no?ieoue ii ?inneeneiio ia?acoeo . Aeaaiay ai?ueaa ?acaa?ioeanue iaaeaeo /eaiaie Aee?aeoi?ee A. Aeiie/aiei e N. Iaoeth?ie. Ia?aue aue noi?iiieeii , aoi?ie – aa?iiaeneiai ia?eaiaioa?ecia. A ?acoeueoaoa eiii?iienna aue eca?ai o?aoee iooue: ia ianoao nicaeaaaeenue niaaou, a a oeaio?a i?aaeiieaaaeinue nicaaoue Eiia?ann o?oaeiaiai ia?iaea. 26 aeaeaa?y 1918 aiaea Aee?aeoi?ey i?eieiaao Aeaeea?aoeeth, a eioi?ie aiai?eeinue i nicuaa Eiia?anna o?oaeiaiai ia?iaea. Ia iaai aiceaaaeenue 1.
Iaeiaei e yoio i?aai ia?eaiaioii iacaaoue iaeuecy, iineieueeo auai?u a iaai ia auee iieiinoueth aeaiie?aoe/aneeie. Aea e naia Aee?aeoi?ey ?anniao?eaaea Eiia?ann o?oaeiaiai ia?iaea eae a?aiaiiue i?aaeia?eaiaio. 5 yiaa?y 1919 aiaea Aee?aeoi?ey ooaa?aeeea . A niioaaonoaee n iae a Eiia?ann ecae?aeinue 593 aeaeaaaoa: 377 – io e?anoueyi, 118 – io ?aai/eo, 33 – io o?oaeiaie eioaeeeaaioeee, 65 – io Caiaaeiioe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeee.
23 yiaa?y 1919 aiaea a Eeaaa ninoiyeinue oi?aeanoaaiiia ioe?uoea Eiia?anna o?oaeiaiai ia?iaea. Iaeioi?ua enoi?eee iacuaatho Eiia?ann 2. Iaeiaei oaeia ooaa?aeaeaiea yaeyaony yaiui i?aoaaee/aieai, iineieueeo nouanoaothuay nenoaia auai?ia ia iiaea iaania/eoue oe?ieiai i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa anaai oe?aeineiai ia?iaea. Ia?aaiui auei ia oieueei ?ani?aaeaeaiea iaiaeaoia, ii e ii?yaeie eca?aiey aeaeaaaoia. Iai?eia?, e?anoueyia ecae?aeenue ia oacaeiuo e?anoueyineeo nuacaeao, a ?aai/ea e o?oaeiaay eioaeeeaaioeey – oieueei ia aoaa?ineeo.
Ianiio?y ia yoe ianoiyoaeuenoaa, Eiia?ann iioae aeaeueoa Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu ii iooe ia?eaiaioa?ecia: ii oi?ie?iaaeny ia iniiaa oa??eoi?eaeueiiai i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa e, a ii?aaeaeaiiie noaiaie, i?aaenoaaeye anth Oe?aeio. Ia yoii naeaeaoaeuenoaoao n Caiaaeiioe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeeie. Ia iineaaeiai canaaeaiee Eiia?anna, 28 yiaa?y, aue i?eiyo Caeii i oi?ia aeanoe a Oe?aeia, eioi?ue th?eaee/anee cae?aiee iniiau ainoaea?noaaiiiai ono?ienoaa ?anioaeeee1.
Ii e yoio caeii ia io?acee i?eioeeia ?acaeaeaiey aeanoae. I oii, /oi Aee?aeoi?ey ia aeaeaea Eiia?ann oe?aeineei ia?eaiaioii, aiai?eo e oio oaeo, /oi i?aaeoaeuenoao e eiienneyi Eiia?anna auei ii?o/aii . Neiaeiia aioo?aiiaa e aiaoiaa iieiaeaiea OI? ia iicaieeee inouanoaeoue caaeoiaiiia, iaeiaei a aeaeueiaeoai Aee?aeoi?ey ieii/aoaeueii neeiiyaony e ia?eaiaioneiio iooe ainoaea?noaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa.
12 aaaonoa 1919 aiaea ?aaea Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia OI? iaeia?eea Aeaeea?aoeeth, ii?aaeaeeaooth no?aoaae/aneea iai?aaeaiey ?acaeoey Oe?aeiu2, eioi?ua ia eciaiyeenue aei iineaaeieo aeiae nouanoaiaaiey OI?.
Iieiaeaiey aaaonoianeie Aeaeea?aoeee auee iiaeoaa?aeaeaiu a ia?auaiee io 17 naioya?y 1919 aiaea, a eioi?ii aiai?eeinue, /oi .
Eaeay iacaiaaeeeoaeueiiai nicuaa ia?eaiaioa, eca?aiiiai ia iniiaa anaiaueo, ?aaiuo e i?yiuo auai?ia, niiaa auoiaeeo ia ia?aue ieai, ii inoaaony a oi?ia aeaeea?aoeee i iaia?aieyo. A ethea 1919 aiaea i?ae?aoeee ?aaioo eiiennee Eiia?anna o?oaeiaiai ia?iaea. A iineaaeiee ?ac iie iaiiiieee i naaa a naioya?a i?e i/a?aaeiii ianoaeaeaiee ieaiia nicuaa oe?aeineiai ia?eaiaioa. Iineaaeothuea oaae Aee?aeoi?ee aiai?yo i iinoaiaiiii aa ia?aoiaea io ia?eaiaioneie e i?aceaeaionei-ia?eaiaioneie iiaeaee i?aaiecaoeee aeanoe. Iiaeoaa?aeaeaieai yoiio auee Caeiiu e , ooaa?aeaeaiiua 12 iiya?y 1920 aiaea, ca ianeieueei aeiae aei ieii/aoaeueiiai iaaeaiey OI?, e cae?aieythuea aa?oiaioth aeanoue ca I?aaenaaeaoaeai Aee?aeoi?ee.
Aua a yiaa?a 1920 aiaea iiiiceoeeiiiuie neeaie auei nicaeaii iiaia iieeoe/aneia iauaaeeiaiea – Anaoe?aeineay Iaoeeiiaeueiay ?aaea (AI?), /eaiu eioi?ie iaia?aaaeenue iono?aieoue io aeanoe Aee?aeoi?eth e nicaaoue i?aaeia?eaiaio (Naei) aeey ainnoaiiaeaiey aeaiie?aoee e aica?auaiey Oe?aeiu ia iooue ia?eaiaioa?ecia.
Iieeoe/aneay i?ia?aiia AI? auea eceiaeaia a i?iaeoa Iniiaiiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai caeiia Oe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeee, eioi?ue a naioya?a – ieoya?a 1920 aiaea ianoaeaeaeny a ?aaea Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia e a eiinoeoooeeiiiie eiiennee A. Ieeianeiai.
Ii i?iaeoo, aunoei caeiiiaeaoaeueiui i?aaiii OI? yaeyeanue iaeiiiaeaoiay Ainoaea?noaaiiay ?aaea, eioi?ay ecae?aeanue iooai anaiauaai, ?aaiiai, i?yiiai e oaeiiai aieiniaaiey. Aei aa nicuaa oi?ie?oaony Ainoaea?noaaiiue Naei, nannee eioi?iai nicuaathony I?aaenaaeaoaeai ainoaea?noaa: ia?aay – ia i?ioyaeaiee aeaoo iaaeaeue iinea ieii/aiey auai?ia, i/a?aaeiua – aeaaaeaeu a aiae (aaniie e inaiueth), aiai/a?aaeiua – ii eieoeeaoeaa I?aaenaaeaoaey ainoaea?noaa, ?aaeu Ieieno?ia eee I?aceaeeoia Naeia. Ia?aoth nanneth Naeia ioe?uaaao I?aaenaaeaoaeue ainoaea?noaa eee i?aaenaaeaoaeue i?aaeoaeuenoaa e ia?aaeaao i?aai aaaeaiey nannee noa?aeoaio ii aic?anoo aeaiooaoo. Caoai ana /eaiu Naeia i?eiinyo i?enyao neaaeothuaai niaea?aeaiey: . Io?a/aiea io i?enyae aeaeei iioa?th iaiaeaoa aeaiooaoa.
I?aaenaaeaoaeue Naeia, aai caianoeoaee e nae?aoa?e ecae?aeenue aeaiooaoaie. A aeaiue ioe?uoey ia?aie nannee ieieno? aioo?aiieo aeae ia?aaeaao Naeio ana ecae?aoaeueiua aeou aianoa n aianaiiuie i?ioanoaie, e Naei i?e iiiiue nicaeaiiie ei iaiaeaoiie eiiennee ?aoaao ana aii?inu caeiiiinoe auai?ia. Iaiaeao oo?a/eaaao neeo a neo/aa nia?oe aeaiooaoa, aeia?iaieueiiai neiaeaiey iieiiii/ee, eeoaiey ecae?aoaeueiiai i?aaa, ioeaca io i?enyae eee ioiaiu aai naiei Naeiii. Oaeinoiaa?aiea ia eca?aiee aeaiooaoii a?o/aao ieieno? aioo?aiieo aeae. I?aaeoaeuenoaaiiui ycueii e ycueii nannee Naeia n/eoaeny eneeth/eoaeueii oe?aeineee ycue. Naie iaycaiiinoe aeaiooaou eniieiyee ee/ii, iieo/ay ca yoi ainoaea?noaaiiia niaea?aeaiea.
Eiinoeoooeey aa?aioe?iaaea iai?eeanaaiinoue aeaiooaoia. E noaeaaiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe iie iiaee auoue i?eaea/aiu oieueei n niaeaney Naeia. Aeaiooaoai cai?auaeinue iieoiaoue eee a?aiaeiaaoue ainoaea?noaaiioth nianoaaiiinoue e iieo/aoue ainoaea?noaaiiua eiioeannee.
I?aaeoniao?eaaeinue i?aai Naeia ia iaaeiaiea I?aaenaaeaoaey ainoaea?noaa a ainoaea?noaaiiie eciaia e ia?ooaiee Iniiaiiai caeiia. Oaeia iinoaiiaeaiea ooaa?aeaeaeinue nanneae Ia?eaiaioa i?e iaee/ee ia iaiaa iieiaeiu aai /eaiia aeaoiy o?aoyie i?enoonoaothueo ia iae aeaiooaoia. A yoii neo/aa I?aaenaaeaoaeue ainoaea?noaa iaycai aue iaiaaeeaiii i?ae?aoeoue eniieiaiea iieiiii/ee e aeaeaoue ?aoaiey Iaeaunoaai ainoaea?noaaiiiai noaea.
Aa?oiaiay eniieieoaeueiay aeanoue a OI? nin?aaeioi/eaaeanue a ?aaea Ieieno?ia, i?aaenaaeaoaeue eioi?ie iacia/aeny I?aaenaaeaoaeai ainoaea?noaa ii i?aaenoaaeaieth i?aaenaaeaoaey Naeia, a ieieno?u – ii i?aaenoaaeaieth i?aiuea?-ieieno?a. N niaeaney Naeia ?aaea Ieieno?ia iiaea onoaiaaeeaaoue a ioaeaeueiuo ieienoa?noaao aeieaeiinoe oiaa?euae ieieno?a. *eaiu i?aaeoaeuenoaa eiaee i?aai ia o/anoea a canaaeaieyo Naeia. Ei ia cai?auaeinue auoue aeaiooaoaie, iaeiaei ia ?aeiiaiaeiaaeinue caieiaoue ae?oaea aeieaeiinoe, e?iia iao/iuo e ii/aoiuo, e iieo/aoue aeiiieieoaeueioth iieaoo. Ia iiaee auoue /eaiaie i?aaeoaeuenoaa ?iaenoaaiieee I?aaenaaeaoaey ainoaea?noaa.
Yoio i?iaeo aue aei?aaioai e a iaa 1920 aiaea ia?aaeai ia ?anniio?aiea ?aaeu Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia. E niaeaeaieth, aio ia noaeaeaii auei noaoue caeiiii. A ethia 1920 aiaea i?eieiaaony ?aoaiea i iaiaaeeaiiii eca?aiee ia?eaiaioa OI?. Aioo?aiiaa e aiaoiaa iieiaeaiea Oe?aeiu ia iicaieyei yoi naeaeaoue. A nayce n iaaiciiaeiinoueth i?iaaaeaiey auai?ia a ia?eaiaio /eaiu ?aaeu Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia niaeaneeenue ia nicua a?aiaiiiai i?aaia ec i?aaenoaaeoaeae ianaeaiey, ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey, iauanoaaiiuo, iieeoe/aneeo, i?ionithciuo e eiiia?aoeaiuo i?aaiecaoeee. Iinea yoiai auea nicaeaia eiienney, eioi?ie ii?o/eeinue au?aaioaoue caeiiii?iaeo i a?aiaiiii aa?oiaiii oi?aaeaiee OI?, a caoai i Ainoaea?noaaiiie Ia?iaeiie ?aaea – iaoeeiiaeueiii i?aaeia?eaiaioa, eioi?iio ia iaeei aiae i?aaeiieaaaeinue ia?aaeaoue anth caeiiiaeaoaeueioth aeanoue.
Aieaa aeeceie e eeanne/aneiio ia?eaiaioa?ecio auea Oe?aeineay Iaoeeiiaeueiay ?aaea, nicaeaiiay 18 iiya?y 1918 aiaea ai Eueaiaa ia iniiaa oa??eoi?eaeueiiai i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa e i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa iauanoaaiii-iieeoe/aneeo nee Caiaaeiie Oe?aeiu. Iaeiaei, eae e Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea, yoio i?aai aue i?aaeia?eaiaioii. 13 iiya?y 1918 aiaea aue i?eiyo
, ii?aaeaeythuee eiinoeoooeeiiiua iniiau Caiaaeiioe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeee. Caeii cae?aieye aa?oiaainoai e noaa?aieoao aeanoe ia?iaea, eioi?ue inouanoaeyao eiinoeoooeeiiiua iieiiii/ey /a?ac i?aaenoaaeoaeueiua i?aaiu, eca?aiiua iooai anaiauaai, ?aaiiai, i?yiiai, oaeiiai aieiniaaiey ii i?iii?oeeiiaeueiie ecae?aoaeueiie nenoaia.
Aei eca?aiey ia?eaiaioa – Naeia – any iieiioa caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeanoe i?eiaaeeaaeaea Oe?aeineie iaoeeiiaeueiie ?aaea. A ia?oa 1919 aiaea aue i?eiyo Caeii i nicuaa Naeia COI?, a a ai?aea – ecae?aoaeueiue caeii. Iaeiiiaeaoiue Naei aeieaeai aue ecae?aoueny ia iniiaa iaoeeiiaeueii-i?iii?oeeiiaeueiie nenoaiu, i?e eioi?ie ca eaaeaeie iaoeeiiaeueiinoueth (a caaeneiinoe io eiee/anoaa) cae?aieyeinue ii?aaeaeaiiia eiee/anoai iano a ia?eaiaioa. Ii neiaeiay iaaeaeoia?iaeiay ianoaiiaea ia aeaea aiciiaeiinoe i?iaanoe auai?u a caiaaeii-oe?aeineee ia?eaiaio.
A AAe? oi?ie?iaaiea ia?eaiaioa oaeaea auei au?aaeaii aieae ia?iaea ia auai?ao ia?iaeiuo i?aaenoaaeoaeae ai Ana?inneeneia O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea. Eae ecaanoii, ia yoeo auai?ao ia?oey iieo/eea 68 % aieinia caeaaeacneeo ionoeueiai. Iie?aynue ia aieth ia?iaea, ionoeueiaineay o?aeoeey Caeaaeacneiai Naeia – Niaao caeaaeacneeo ionoeueiai iinea ?an/eaiaiey Naeia e i?iaicaeaoaiey iacaaeneiinoe Aca?aaeaeaeaia, aoaeo/e iacaaiiie Iaoeeiiaeueiui Niaaoii Aca?aaeaeaeaia (Ieeee Oo?a), o?ainoi?ie?iaaeanue ec oi?iu iaoeeiiaeueiiai o/?aaeaeaiey a oi?io ainoaea?noaaiiiai o/?aaeaeaiey a ea/anoaa caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai i?aaia. Niaeanii iineaaeiaio ioieoo , Aca?aaeaeaeaineee Iaoeeiiaeueiue Niaao ii noaoono iiaeii n/eoaoue i?aaeia?eaiaioii – ii aeieaeai aue ooieoeeiie?iaaoue aei nicuaa O/?aaeeoaeueiiai Nia?aiey.
A ethia 1918 aiaea, eiaaea iaaenea oa?ica nouanoaiaaieth iacaaeneiiai Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai ainoaea?noaa, ?oeiaiaenoai AAe? auioaeaeaii auei iieoe ia onooiee ?aaee nio?aiaiey iacaaeneiinoe e i?eiyei iinoaiiaeaiea i nin?aaeioi/aiee caeiiiaeaoaeueiie e eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe a ?oeao A?aiaiiiai iaaeoaeuenoaa. Ii oiio aea iinoaiiaeaieth io 17 ethiy 1918 aiaea A?aiaiiia i?aaeoaeuenoai iaycuaaeinue ia iicaeiaa oanoe ianyoeaa i?iaanoe auai?u a O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea e ia?aaeaoue aio anth aeanoue. Ii aeeeoaeueiue i?ioeann ooaa?aeaeaiey aeanoe ia anae oa??eoi?ee Aca?aaeaeaeaia, iniaaiii a Aaeo, aaea ii caoyioeny aei naioya?y, ioeiaeee iiaeaioiaeo e i?iaaaeaiea auai?ia a O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea.
Oieueei iinea onoaiiaeaiey aeanoe A?aiaiiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa ai anai Aca?aaeaeaeaia iiyaeeanue aiciiaeiinoue caieiaoueny yoei aii?inii. Iinoaiiaeaieai i?aaeoaeuenoaa io 21 ieoya?y 1918 aiaea auea ia?aciaaia Eiienney ii iiaeaioiaea caeiia i auai?ao a O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea. Ae auei ii?o/aii n?i/ii iiaeaioiaeoue i?iaeo yoiai caeiia e i?aaenoaaeoue aai ia ?anniio?aiea i?aaeoaeuenoaa. Eiienney ia ia?aii canaaeaiee, i?iaaaeaiiii 5 iiya?y 1918 aiaea, o/eouaay iaaiciiaeiinoue nicuaa ec-ca oaoie/aneeo i?e/ei O/?aaeeoaeueiiai Nia?aiey a n?iee, onoaiiaeaiiua Haoeeiiaeueiui Niaaoii, e oi, /oi neiaeeaoayny a no?aia iieeoe/aneay ianoaiiaea ianoiyoaeueii o?aaiaaea o/anoey ia?iaeiiai i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa a ?aoaiee iieeoe/aneeo aii?inia, aunooieea n i?aaeeiaeaieai a n?i/iii ii?yaeea nicaaoue a?aiaiiue Aca?aaeaeaeaineee ia?eaiaio ii oi?iuaiiie nenoaia. I?aaeoaeuenoai ia canaaeaiee 9 iiya?y 1918 aiaea iinoaiiaeei nicaaoue 16 iiya?y Haoeeiiaeueiue Niaao Aca?aaeaeaeaia a i?aaeiai ninoaaa.
Iaeiiaoe, iinea iyoeiany/iiai ia?a?uaa, 16 iiya?y 1918 aiaea, a o?oaeiie e neiaeiie aeey ?anioaeeee iieeoe/aneie ianoaiiaea, Iaoeeiiaeueiue Niaao Aca?aaeaeaeaia aiiaue nia?aeny a Aaeo. Ia aoi?ii canaaeaiee Haoeeiiaeueiiai Niaaoa Aca?aaeaeaeaia, ninoiyaoainy 20 iiya?y, aue i?eiyo caeii i nicaeaiee a?aiaiiiai aunoaai caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai i?aaia Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai ia?eaiaioa, ioe?uoea eioi?iai auei iacia/aii ia 3 aeaeaa?y1.
Caeii ia ia?aciaaiee Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai ia?eaiaioa ninoiye ec i?aaiaoeu, iainiiauaathuae iaiaoiaeeiinoue ia?aciaaiey ia?eaiaioa a oi?iuaiiii ii?yaeea e ii?aaeaeythuae iniiau aai i?aaiecaoeee, e iieiaeaiey, onoaiaaeeaathuaai ii?yaeie i?aaiecaoeee ia?eaiaioa2.
Iiieii i?aaenoaaeoaeae ?acee/iuo iieeoe/aneeo ia?oee, n/eoaeinue iaiaoiaeeiui o/anoea a Ia?eaiaioa e i?aaenoaaeoaeae iauanoaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee e auai?iuo io i?iaeioeee.
Caeiiii cae?aieyeinue ?aaiia i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoai, i?aai anaiauaai e oaeiiai aieiniaaiey. Aia?aua a ionoeueiaineii ie?a aeaiueiai i?aaeinoaaeyeinue ecae?aoaeueiia i?aai. Haniio?y ia oi, /oi yoi i?aai ia auei i?yii oeacaii a caeiia, iii auoaeaei ec iieiaeaiey i oii, /oi .
A niioaaonoaee n Caeiiii iaeiiiaeaoiue ia?eaiaio Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeee aeieaeai aue ninoiyoue ec 120 /eaiia. A iaai aeieaeiu auee aoiaeeoue auai?iua ii ieaeaneaaeothuae nenoaia:
a) auai?iua ii nieneai /aou?ao iieeoe/aneeo ia?oee caeaaeacneeo ionoeueiai ai Ana?inneeneia O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea, o/anoaiaaaoea aiineaaenoaee ii ?anoe?aiiiio nieneo a ea/anoaa /eaiia a Caeaaeacneii Naeia e caoai aioaaeoea a Aca?aaeaeaeaineee Iaoeeiiaeueiue Niaao 44 eeoea;
a) i?aaenoaaeoaee aeaeaae?oaiuo eiiiaoaioiuie iaoeeiiaeueiuie i?aaiaie iaoeeiiaeueiuo iaiueoeinoa;
a) eiiioe?oaiua /eaiaie ionoeueiaineeo iaoeeiiaeueiuo eiieoaoia e aeaniuie ionoeueiaiaie Aca?aaeaeaeaineeo ai?iaeneeo naiioi?aaeaiee;
a) eeoea, aeaeaae?iaaiiua Aaeeineei Niaaoii i?ioanneiiaeueiuo nithcia, niaaoii iaooai?iiuoeaiieeia e oi?aiai-i?iiuoeaiiui nithcii.
Iaeioi?ua enneaaeiaaoaee enoi?ee AAe? ioia/atho, /oi Ia?eaiaio AAe? aue i?aaenoaaeai oieueei ii iaoeeiiaeueiiio i?eioeeio1. A aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe Ia?eaiaio aue ia?aciaai ia iniiaa aeaoo i?eioeeiia – iaoeeiiaeueiiai i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa e iiiaiia?oeeiinoe. Oae, /eaiu Iaoeeiiaeueiiai Niaaoa, yaeythuaainy aai iniiaie, ai a?aiy auai?ia ai Ana?inneeneia O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea i?aaenoaaeyee /aou?a ia?oee, e ii caeiio i Ia?eaiaioa Aca?aaeaeaeaia i?e eo ionoaaea, eii/eia eee eneeth/aiee ec Ia?eaiaioa eo ianoa caieiaee i?aaenoaaeoaee niioaaonoaothuae ia?oee. Ninoaa noi?ie?iaaiiiai Ia?eaiaioa oaeaea iieacuaaao, /oi aunoee caeiiiaeaoaeueiue i?aai AAe? aue i?aaieciaai ia?yaeo n i?eioeeiii iaoeeiiaeueiie i?aaenoaaeoaeueiinoe ia iniiaa iiiaiia?oeeiinoe.
Aiiaua ia?auaao ia naay aieiaiea oio oaeo, /oi ana ainoaea?noaa, ia?acothueany a ia?eiae iieeoe/aneie aia?oee e aiaiiuo niauoee, ia eiatho i?aeoe/aneie aiciiaeiinoe i?aaieciaaoue i?aaenoaaeoaeueiua i?aaiu ia iniiaaiee anaiaueo auai?ia e auioaeaeaiu i?eieiaoue nenoaio aeaeaae?iaaiey io ?aciuo iaoeeiiaeueiuo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aaiecaoeee e eiiioaoeeth. I?e i?aaiecaoeee aunoaai i?aaenoaaeoaeueiiai i?aaia iieiaeie Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeee, ia?aciaaiiie a neiaeiie iieeoe/aneie ianoaiiaea, ia?yaeo n anaiaueie oaeiuie auai?aie auea /anoe/ii i?eiaiaia e yoa nenoaia.
Aianoa n oai ia aeieaeii oneieueciooue ec iiey c?aiey e oi ianoiyoaeuenoai, /oi Aca?aaeaeaeaineee ia?eaiaio aue ia?aciaai eae a?aiaiiue caeiiiaeaoaeueiue i?aai e iaeiie ec iniiaiuo aai caaea/ yaeyeinue inouanoaeaiea iiaeaioiaee e auai?ai a O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea. I. ?anoe-caaea a yoie nayce ienae: 1.
A aeie i?eiyoey caeiia i Ia?eaiaioa iieeoe/aneay neooaoeey a Aca?aaeaeaeaia auea iai?yaeaiiie. Haei?aiiia ianaeaiea ?anioaeeee a?aaeaeaaii ano?aoeei yoio caeii. Aua 25 iiya?y ?onneiio e a?iyineiio iaoeeiiaeueiui niaaoai auei i?aaeeiaeaii i?eneaoue naieo i?aaenoaaeoaeae. Nia/aea iaa niaaoa iauyaeee i naiai ioeaca. ?onneee Iaoeeiiaeueiue Niaao, aini?eieiay Aca?aaeaeaeai eae iaiouaieaioth /anoue ?innee, ia i?eciaaae i?aai aca?aaeaeaeaineiai ia?iaea ia naiiii?aaeaeaiea. *eaiu yoiai niaaoa cayaeee: 2. A?iyineee Iaoeeiiaeueiue Niaao, a naith i/a?aaeue i?eaaaey a ea/anoaa aeiaiaea yeiau eiathueany ia?ooaiey iieeoe/aneeo e iaoeeiiaeueii-eoeueoo?iuo i?aa a?iyi, ia n/eoae naay oiieiiii/aiiui aeey i?aaenoaaeaiey a Ia?eaiaioa iauaai eioa?ana a?iyi3.
A?aaeaeaaiia ioiioaiea nee, ia aeaeathueo i?eciaoue iacaaeneiinoue Aca?aaeaeaeaia, e caeiio ia Aca?aaeaeaeaineii ia?eaiaioa ioe?uoi i?iyaeeinue ia nia?aieyo i?aaenoaaeoaeae ?yaea iieeoe/aneeo ia?oee, oae iacuaaaiuo , i?iaiaeeaoeony a ia/aea aeaeaa?y a Aaeo. I?aaenoaaeoaee i?i?inneeneeo ia?oee, ?aoeoaeueii aunooiea i?ioea iacaaeneiinoe Aca?aaeaeaeaia, ioeaieee nicaeaiea Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai ia?eaiaioa eciaiie i?ioea .
Aunooieaoee io ia?oee O. ?onoaiaaeia ioiaoee, /oi ia?oey e ai?aaeue aoaeao aanoe ai?ueao ca iacaaeneiinoue Aca?aaeaeaeaia, e i?ecaae ana aeaiie?aoe/aneea neeu e o/anoeth /a?ac ia?eaiaio a ainoaea?noaaiiii no?ieoaeuenoaa. A. Iaieiia io nithca ionoeueiaineeo nioeeaeenoia e A. Oaeooeue-Eneaiia io ia?oee a naieo aunooieaieyo, eceiaeea iiceoeeth naieo i?aaiecaoeee, ioiaoeee iaiaoiaeeiinoue o/anoey a ia?eaiaioa a nouanoaothuae neiaeiie neooaoeee. Aieueoaaeee aea iauyaeee aieeio oi?ie?iaaieth ia?eaiaioa.
Aca?aaeaeaeaineee Iaoeeiiaeueiue Niaao, a ?aieao iiaeaioiaee e ioe?uoeth Ia?eaiaioa, ?aoee anooieoue a ia?aaiai?u n ?onneei, a?iyineei, a?oceineei, iaiaoeeei, aa?aeneei e iieueneei iaoeeiiaeueiuie niaaoaie e iauanoaaiiuie i?aaiecaoeeyie n oeaeueth i?eaea/aiey eo i?aaenoaaeoaeae e ?aaioa caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai i?aaia ?anioaeeee e iioae ia ii?aaeaeaiiue eiii?iienn. A i?eiyoii Iaoeeiiaeueiui Niaaoii Aca?aaeaeaeaia cayaeaiee oeacuaaeinue, /oi ii ia o?aaoao iaiaaeeaiiiai i?eciaiey noaa?aieoaoa Aca?aaeaeaeaia e n/eoaao, /oi aii?in i iieeoe/aneii iieiaeaiee e oi?ia ono?ienoaa Aca?aaeaeaeaia ieii/aoaeueii aeieaeai auoue ?ac?aoai ia anaiauae ie?iie eiioa?aioeee, a aei yoiai iiiaioa nouanoaothuaa oaeoe/aneia iieiaeaiea a nenoaia oi?aaeaiey Aca?aaeaeaeaia aeieaeii nio?aieoue neeo. Anee Ana?inneeneia O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea n o/anoeai i?aaenoaaeoaeae anao naiiii?aaeaeeaoeony ia?iaeia ?innee niaa?aony aei Anaiauae ie?iie eiioa?aioeee, oi Aca?aaeaeaeai i?eiao a iai o/anoea e aoaeao ionoaeaaoue naie i?eioeeiu ii aii?ino i naiiii?aaeaeaiee1.
Aeaeay iieeoe/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue ?oeiaiaenoaa iiiaiiaoeeiiaeueiie Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeee, o/eouaathuay eioa?anu aieueoeinoaa ianaeaiey e iaoeeiiaeueiuo iaiueoeinoa, i?aaeeueiay ioeaiea neooaoeee, niiniaiinoue iieoe ia iieeoe/aneea onooiee ieacaee naia iieiaeeoaeueiia aeeyiea ia acaeiiua ioiioaiey iaaeaeo iieeoe/aneeie neeaie.
Haniio?y ia oi, /oi aiaeeeneee aaia?ae Oiinii a ia?aia a?aiy iuoaeny iiiaoaoue ioe?uoeth Ia?eaiaioa, /a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy ii i?eiye ?aoaiea ia i?aiyonoaiaaoue ?acaeoeth aca?aaeaeaeaineie ainoaea?noaaiiinoe. A?oiia /eaiia ?onneiai Haoeeiiaeueiiai Niaaoa, aueaey ec aai ninoaaa, nicaeaee ?onnei-neaayineia iauanoai. Yoi iauanoai, ianiio?y ia iai?eyoea i?eioeeia iacaaeneiinoe Aca?aaeaeaeaia, i?eieiaao ?aoaiea iineaoue naieo i?aaenoaaeoaeae a Ia?eaiaio. Ia?oey e a?iyineay iaueia Aca?aaeaeaeaia oaeaea iai?aaeytho naieo i?aaenoaaeoaeae a Ia?eaiaio. Aunooiea i?ioea iieeoeee ?aai/ae eiioa?aioeee aieeioe?iaaoue Ia?eaiaio, ionoeueiaineea ?aai/ea ?aiaiu, Aeiaaaaee, Aaeaoaiu e Naaoi/e /a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy iio?aaiaaee i?aaeinoaaeaiey ei aeaoo ec o?ao iano i?aaenoaaeoaeae, ioaaaeaiiuo i?ionithco.
A nicaeaaoaeny neiaeiie e i?ioeai?a/eaie neooaoeee 7 aeaeaa?y 1918 aiaea auei i?iaaaeaii o/?aaeeoaeueiia canaaeaiea Ia?eaiaioa AAe?. Ioe?uaay ia?aia canaaeaiea Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai Ia?eaiaioa, I. ?anoe-caaea aiai?ee: .
Iu aeaeaai aeaeaoue a ?innee ainoaea?noai, iniiaaiiia ia aeaiie?aoe/aneeo ia/aeao. Iu ethaei ?inneth, ii ethaei e naith iacaaeneiinoue. Iu ia oioei aeeoue iiae eaii aeaaeaiey, eai n/anouea aeecie – a naiaiaea. Iiaeiyoia iaie ciaiy naiaiaeu ia aeieaeii nionoeoueny. ss aan i?ecuaath noaaeoue eioa?anu ?iaeeiu e aeaaiiieo/ea ia?iaea auoa ia?oeeiuo eioa?ania>1.
Haniio?y ia iaaeinoaoee a i?aaiecaoeee, aucaaiiua iauaeoeaiuie oaeoi?aie, Ia?eaiaio AAe? aeaenoaiaae ia iniiaa aeaiie?aoe/aneeo i?eioeeiia. Iniiaiua i?eioeeiu aeayoaeueiinoe Ia?eaiaioa AAe?, aeeth/ay i?eioeeiu, i?aaeoniio?aiiua a , caeeth/aeenue a neaaeothuai: caueoa iaoeeiiaeueiuo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aa naiaai ainoaea?noaa, aai iacaaeneiinoe; aeaiie?aoeci; iiiaiia?oeeiinoue e ieth?aeeci; caueoa eioa?ania anao a?aaeaeai iacaaeneii io iaoeeiiaeueiinoe e aa?ieniiaaaeaiey; nieeaea?iinoue ia?iaeia e ae?oaea.
Ianiio?y ia oi, /oi aeayoaeueiinoue Ia?eaiaioa AAe? i?ioaeaea a iai?yaeaiiie aioo?aiiae e aiaoiae iieeoe/aneie ianoaiiaea, aue eniieueciaai i?eioeei ?acaeaeaiey aeanoae. Iaeiaei iinea ia?aacaea Haoeeiiaeueiiai Niaaoa e i?aaeoaeuenoaa a Ayiaeaeo, i?eieiay ai aieiaiea oa?ico, iaaenooth iaae nouanoaiaaieai naiinoiyoaeueiiai Aca?aaeaeaeaia, auei i?eiyoi ?aoaiea i nin?aaeioi/aiee anae caeiiiaeaoaeueiie e eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe a ?oeao i?aaeoaeuenoaa. Oaeia iieiaeaiea aeeeeinue aei na?aaeeiu iiya?y 1918 aiaea.
Iinea ia/aea ?aaiou aunoaai caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai i?aaia ?anoe?eeenue aiciiaeiinoe aeey i?aoai?aiey a aeeciue i?eioeeia ?acaeaeaiey aeanoae. Ia?eaiaio, ?oeiaiaenoaoynue yoei i?eioeeiii, ia canaaeaiee 25 yiaa?y 1919 aiaea i?eiye Caeii i ianiaianoeiinoe1, i?aaeoniao?eaathuee iieiia ioaeaeaiea eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe io caeiiiaeaoaeueiie. Ii Caeiio, /eaiu Ia?eaiaioa ia iiaee eniieiyoue ooieoeee ainoaea?noaaiiuo neoaeaueo, ca eneeth/aieai aeieaeiinoae ieieno?ia.
Eneeth/aiea i?aaeinoaaeyeinue oaeaea i?ioanni?ai e i?aiiaeaaaoaeyi, ia auiieiythuei aaeieieno?aoeaiuo ooieoeee, e eeoeai, ninoiyuei a ea/anoaa yenia?oia ii aii?inai, o?aaothuei niaoeeaeueiuo iiciaiee, i?e ainoaea?noaaiiuo o/?aaeaeaieyo. Ainoaea?noaaiiui neoaeauei a neo/aa eo eca?aiey a Ia?eaiaio i?aaeinoaaeyeinue i?aai i?eiyoue aeaiiia caaiea eee ioeacaoueny io iaai. Caeii i?aaeoniao?eaae, /oi anee ainoaea?noaaiiua neoaeauea a oa/aiea caeiiiaeaoaeueii ii?aaeaeaiiiai a?aiaie (aeey /eaiia, i?iaeeaathueo a Aaeo, – 3 aeiy, ca i?aaeaeaie Aaeo – 10 aeiae) ia i?aaeinoaayo a Niaao I?aaeaiey Ia?eaiaioa eioi?iaoeeth ia ionoaaea n ainoaea?noaaiiie neoaeau, oi iie n/eoaeenue ioaeaaoeie i?aaeii/oaiea ainoaea?noaaiiie neoaeaa e auoaaeoeie ec ninoaaa Ia?eaiaioa.
I. ?anoe-caaea i?e ianoaeaeaiee yoiai Caeiia ia canaaeaiee ia?eaiaioa oae ?acuyniye aai iniiaioth nooue: 1.
Iaeaieaa i?eia/aoaeueiui yaeyaony oi, /oi eniieiaiea aeaiiiai Caeiia auei a oeaio?a aieiaiey Ia?eaiaioa e aai iieiaeaiey /aoei ?aaeeciauaaeenue. Oae, a niioaaonoaee n o?aaiaaieyie Caeiia ?aaioiee Ieienoa?noaa ia?iaeiiai i?inaauaiey /eai Ia?eaiaioa N. Aaieaa auoae a ionoaaeo n caieiaaiie aeieaeiinoe e inoaeny /eaiii Ia?eaiaioa2, /eai niaoeeaeueiie ?aaeceiiii-neaaenoaaiiie eiiennee A. ?caaa a nayce n eca?aieai a Ia?eaiaio aue inaiaiaeaeai io caieiaaiie aeieaeiinoe3.
Iniaaiiinoueth oi?ie?iaaiey iacaaeneiie ainoaea?noaaiiinoe aieueoeinoaa ia?iaeia, i?iaeeaathueo ia oa??eoi?ee ?inneeneie eiia?ee iinea aa ?aniaaea, auei no?aieaiea e nicaeaieth oaeie aeanoe, eioi?ay au iieiinoueth enoiaeeea io ia?iaea. Iiyoiio ainoaea?noaaiiua eeaea?u Oe?aeiu e Aca?aaeaeaeaia oaeaea n/eoaee iaiaoiaeeiui nicua iaoeeiiaeueiuo o/?aaeeoaeueiuo nia?aiee.
Caeii ooaa?aeaeaeny a aeaa yoaia. Anaai a Caeiia auei 183 noaouee, eioi?ua aeaoaeueii ?aaeaiaioe?iaaee ii?yaeie iiaeaioiaee e i?iaaaeaiey auai?ia a O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea. 11 iiya?y 1917 aiaea Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea ooaa?aeeea ia?aue ?acaeae Caeiia, eioi?ue ninoiye ec 10 aeaa. Ii ioe?uaaeny aeaaie , aaea ii?aaeaeyeny ia?a/aiue ecae?aoaeueiuo ie?oaia. Anaai auei nicaeaii 10 ecae?aoaeueiuo ie?oaia, ioaaouaathueo ia oieueei oe?aeineea aoaa?iee. I?aaenoaaeoaeuenoai io ie?oaia ia auei ?aaiui. Oae, Eeaaneee ecae?aoaeueiue ie?oa aeieaeai aue eca?aoue a Oe?aeineia o/?aaeeoaeueiia nia?aiea 45 aeaiooaoia, Iiaeieueneee – 39, Oaa?eeneee – 39, Aeaoa?eiineaaneee – 36, Oa?ueeianeee – 35, Oa?niineee – 34, Iieoaaneee – 30, *a?ieaianeee – 28, Ino?iaeneee – 15 aeaiooaoia. Aiineaaenoaee Iaeanna auea auaeaeaia ec Oa?niineiai a ioaeaeueiue ecae?aoaeueiie ie?oa e aeieaeia auea eca?aoue 5 aeaiooaoia. N 28 aei 30 aeaiooaoia auea oaaee/aia eaioa aeey *a?ieaianeiai ecae?aoaeueiiai ie?oaa.
Aeaaa aoi?ay – – ii?aaeaeyea e?oa eeoe, eiathueo i?aai o/anoaiaaoue a auai?ao. A iaai aoiaeeee a?aaeaeaia ?anioaeeee iaieo iieia, aeinoeaoea ei aeith auai?ia 20 eao. Eeoaeenue yoiai i?aaa inoaeaeaiiua, aeieaeieee, i?eciaiiua ceinoiuie aaie?ioaie, eeoea, , a oaeaea /eaiu oea?noaiaaaoae a ?innee naiuee.
O?aouey aeaaa iineea iacaaiea . Yoe ooieoeee i?eiaaeeaaeaee .
*aoaa?oay aeaaa iacuaaeanue , iyoay – , oanoay – , naaeueiay – , ainueiay – .
Iniaue eioa?an i?aaenoaaeyea aeaayoay aeaaa – , a eioi?ie onoaiaaeeaaeanue nenoaia iaeacaiee ca oa eee eiua i?aaiia?ooaiey, niaa?oaiiua a ia?eiae i?iaaaeaiey auai?ia.
Aeanyoay aeaaa iineea iacaaiea .
*a?ac ianeieueei aeiae, 16 iiya?y 1917 aiaea, Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea ooaa?aeaeaao aoi?ie ?acaeae Caeiia, o?e aeaau eioi?iai ii?aaeaeyee iniaaiiinoe auai?ia
. Aeiiieieoaeueii e nouanoaothuei nicaeaaaeenue aeaa oeioneeo e iyoue o?iioiauo ecae?aoaeueiuo ie?oaia.
Aianoa n yoei Caeiiii auee ooaa?aeaeaiu e .
Any ?aaioa ii i?iaaaeaieth auai?ia aiceaaaeanue ia Oeaio?aeueioth (aieiaioth) eiienneth e ia ianoiua eiiennee, ?ieue eioi?uo eniieiyee aeaenoaothuea ie?oaeiua, oacaeiua, ai?iaeneea e ?aeiiiua eiiennee ii auai?ai ai Ana?inneeneia O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea. Ninoaaeaiea ecae?aoaeueiuo nieneia oaeaea aiceaaaeinue ia oa o/?aaeaeaiey, eioi?ua i?iaiaeeee aiaeiae/ioth ?aaioo e ii auai?ai ai Ana?inneeneia O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea.
Oyaeaeua oneiaey aiaiiiai a?aiaie, a eioi?uo iaoiaeeeanue Oe?aeia, ioiaeaeioee auai?u ia aoi?ie ieai e iie ninoiyeenue oieueei a iaeioi?uo ie?oaao, aea e oi ia ai anao oacaeao, aieinoyo, ai?iaeao e naeao. Iniai ieceie auea ecae?aoaeueiay aeoeaiinoue a ai?iaeao. A Eeaaa a auai?ao i?eiyee o/anoea 29,3 %, a *a?eannao – 37,7 %, a Oa?niia – 21,6 % ecae?aoaeae, a a Iieoaaa aeaaea ia niiaee iaia/aoaoue eaiaeeaeaoneea nienee. A nayce n yoei Oeaio?aeueiay eiienney i?eciaea aeaenoaeoaeueiui eca?aiea 172 aeaiooaoia.
Nicua Oe?aeineiai O/?aaeeoaeueiiai Nia?aiey ieaie?iaaeny ia 9 yiaa?y 1918 aiaea. Ia?aae caoaaoii Eeaaa aieueoaaeeaie Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea ia?aianea nicua nia?aiey ia 2 oaa?aey 1918 aiaea. 11 ai?aey 1918 aiaea, iinea aica?auaiey Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu a Eeaa, Iaeay ?aaea ooaa?aeeea ?aoaiea, a niioaaonoaee n eioi?ui O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea aeieaeii auei ioe?uoueny 12 iay1. Oeaio?aeueiay eiienney ?aaioaea aei iineaaeieo aeiae nouanoaiaaiey Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu e aianoa n Ecae?aoaeueiui ath?i Ieienoa?noaa aioo?aiieo aeae auea ?aciaiaia aaoiaiii I. Nei?iiaaeneei a aaaonoa 1918 aiaea.
Ia?eaiaio AAe?, eae e Oe?aeineay Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea, nicaeaaaeny eae a?aiaiiue aunoee caeiiiaeaoaeueiue i?aai. N ia?auo aeiae iacaaeneiinoe ?oeiaiaenoai AAe? noa?aeinue nicaeaoue ainoaea?noaaiioth aeanoue, 2. O/?aaeaeaiea aunoaai caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai i?aaia n iaiin?aaenoaaiiui o/anoeai ia?iaea yaeyeinue iniiaiie caaea/ae, noiyuae ia iiaanoea aeiy. Aeeeoaeueiia a?aiy aaeanue iiaeaioiaea e i?iaaaeaieth auai?ia a O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea ia aeaiie?aoe/aneeo ia/aeao, e aue iiaeaioiaeai niioaaonoaothuee caeiiii?iaeo. Iinea i?iaeieaeeoaeueiuo ianoaeaeaiee 21 ethiy 1919 aiaea auei i?eiyoi 3. Yoi Iieiaeaiea, caieiathuaa aaaeiia ianoi a caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeia?aoee Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai Ia?eaiaioa, ninoiyei ec 4 aeaa e 116 ioieoia. Iieiaeaieai onoaiaaeeaaeenue i?eioeeiu ecae?aoaeueiiai i?aaa e ii?yaeie i?iaaaeaiey auai?ia a O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea.
A niioaaonoaee n Iieiaeaieai O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea aeieaeii auei ninoiyoue ec 120 /eaiia, eca?aiiuo ianaeaieai ia iniiaa anaiauaai e ?aaiiai ecae?aoaeueiiai i?aaa e i?iii?oeeiiaeueiiai i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa iooai i?yiuo auai?ia e oaeiiai aieiniaaiey. I?aaii o/anoey a auai?ao a O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea iieueciaaeenue a?aaeaeaia ?anioaeeee iaieo iieia, aeinoeaoea 20 eao ei aeith auai?ia.
Eeoea, iaoiaeyueany ia aeaenoaeoaeueiie aieineie neoaeaa, iaeaaeaee ianneaiui ecae?aoaeueiii i?aaii, a eeoea, caieiathuea aaeieieno?aoeaioth aeieaeiinoue (i?enoaau, ia/aeueieee oacaeia, iiiiuieee ia/aeueieeia oacaeia, iieeoeiaenoa?u, eo iiiiuieee, aoaa?iaoi?u e eo iiiiuieee), iaeaaeaee oieueei aeoeaiui ecae?aoaeueiui i?aaii. Eeoea, inoaeaeaiiua anooieaoeie a neeo i?eaiai?aie noaea, e oa eeoea, i?aaeiaa i?aaiaia iieiaeaiea eioi?uo aua ia auei ainnoaiiaeaii, a oaeaea aiaiiineoaeauea, naiiaieueii iieeioaoea aieineea ?yaeu, eeoaeenue i?aaa o/anoey a auai?ao. I?eciaiiua a onoaiiaeaiiii caeiiii ii?yaeea aeooaaiiaieueiuie, aeooiiaiua, a oaeaea eeoea, iaoiaeyueany ia iiia/eoaeuenoaa, ia o/anoaiaaee a auai?ao.
Aeey i?iaaaeaiey auai?ia a aunoee caeiiiaeaoaeueiue i?aai i?aaeoniao?eaaeinue ia?aciaaiea iaeiiai ecae?aoaeueiiai ie?oaa, a aeey i?iaaaeaiey aieiniaaiey ?anioaeeea aeaeeeanue ia ecae?aoaeueiua o/anoee. Nienee eaiaeeaeaoia io iieeoe/aneeo ia?oee e i?aaiecaoeee, a oaeaea a?oii ecae?aoaeae (n iiaeienyie ia iaiaa 100 eeoe, iieuecothueony i?aaii o/anoey a auai?ao) aeieaeiu auee ioi?ieyoueny a Oeaio?aeueiie Ecae?aoaeueiie Eiiennee ia iicaeiaa /ai ca 30 aeiae aei aeiy i?iaaaeaiey auai?ia. Yoa Eiienney, ?oeiaiaeeaoay i?iaaaeaieai auai?ia, aeieaeia auea ninoiyoue ec 21 /eaia Ia?eaiaioa e iaaethaeaoaeae io ia?oee, i?aaiecaoeee e ecae?aoaeueiuo a?oii, i?aaenoaaeaoeo nienee eaiaeeaeaoia. Iiieii yoiai, aeey iaania/aiey aeaniinoe, ii aeaeaieth ecae?aoaeueiuo a?oii, eo i?aaenoaaeoaee iiaee o/anoaiaaoue a oacaeiuo e o/anoeiauo eiienneyo. Canaaeaiey ecae?aoaeueiie eiiennee aeieaeiu auee i?iaiaeeoueny ioe?uoi. I?ioeaaeo?a aieiniaaiey a ecae?aoaeueiuo o/anoeao i?aaeoniao?eaaea iiaea/o aieinia ii nieneai eaiaeeaeaoia.
A ai?aea 1920 aiaea aeoeaece?iaaeanue ?aaioa ii iiaeaioiaea auai?ia a O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea, eioi?ia aeieaeii auei i?eiyoue iaeaieaa cia/eiua caeiiu, a oii /enea Eiinoeoooeeth AAe?, a oaeaea ?aoeoue ?yae ae?oaeo ooiaeaiaioaeueiuo aeey noaiiaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiinoe aii?inia. Aua a na?aaeeia ia?oa a Aaeo, Ayiaeaea, Oaiaoa, Eoaa, Eaiei?aie, Aeaeaaaaea, Aaie/aa, Oaioi?a, A?aoa, Eacaoa, Aeaeaaaioe?a, Caiaaco?a, Aeaeaa?aeea, Oaee, Oooa, Caeaoaea, Haoe/aaaie, Oa?o?a e ae?oaeo ai?iaeao e oacaeao auee ia?aciaaiu ecae?aoaeueiua eiiennee1. A aacaoa io 15 ai?aey 1920 aiaea auei iioaeeeiaaii niiauaiea Oeaio?aeueiie Ecae?aoaeueiie Eiiennee ioiineoaeueii ?ani?aaeaeaiey ai?iaeneeo e naeueneeo ecae?aoaeueiuo o/anoeia aeey auai?ia a Aca?aaeaeaeaineia O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea2. Oeaio?aeueiie Ecae?aoaeueiie Eiienneae aeaiue ia/aea ia?aiene ianaeaiey aue iacia/ai ia 20 ai?aey. Ia?aienue ianaeaiey aeieaeia auea caeii/eoueny aei 5 iay3. Iaeiaei ?aceia eciaiaiea aiaoiaiieeoe/aneiai iieiaeaiey no?aiu e caoai ianeeuenoaaiiia naa?aeaiea i?aaiia caeiiiie ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe iiiaoaei i?aoai?aieth a aeeciue yoie aaaeiie iieeoe/aneie aeoeee.

Aeaaa 3.
?ay?R?R? ?R, i /ai neaaeiaaei iaiaaeeaiii iiiaanoeoue ?oeiaiaenoai Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu. A ethaia a?aiy noaeaaiia i?aneaaeiaaiea /eaia Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu iiaei auoue i?ae?auaii ii aa o?aaiaaieth, a eeoaiea naiaiaeu – ioeiaeaii aei ieii/aiey aeaiooaoneeo iieiiii/ee eee auoiaea aeaiiiai eeoea ec ninoaaa ?aaeu. Yoe i?eaeeaaee ?ani?ino?aiyeenue e ia aeaiooaoia Oe?aeineiai O/?aaeeoaeueiiai Nia?aiey. Aii?inu i?eaea/aiey eo e oaieiaiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe oaeaea aeieaeia auea ?aoaoue Oe?aeineay Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea.
Eiinoeoooeey OI? 29 ai?aey 1918 aiaea i?iaicaeaoaea aeaiooaoa iai?eeiniiaaiiui eeoeii. Aeaiooaoneee eiioieoao icia/ae iaaiciiaeiinoue caaea?aeaiey, a?anoa e i?eaea/aiey aeaiooaoa e noaeaaiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe aac naieoeee ia?eaiaioa. ?acoeueoaou auai?ia a ia?eaiaio iia i?iaa?youe oieueei Aaia?aeueiue Noae. Naie i?aaeeiaeaiey e auaiaeu ii ia?aaeaaae ia?eaiaioo, eioi?ue eiae i?aai i?eciaoue iaiaeao aeaiooaoa iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui.
E niaeaeaieth, a?aiaeeiciua ieaiu Oe?aeineie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu i iino?iaiee aeaiie?aoe/aneiai ainoaea?noaa a Oe?aeia ieacaeenue ooiieae. Ia aue ?aaeeciaai e Caeii i iai?eeiniiaaiiinoe /eaiia Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu.
I?aaiaia iieiaeaiea aeaiooaoa aeinoaoi/ii iiae?iaii ?aaeaiaioe?iaaii a i?iaeoa , eioi?ue ?anniao?eaaeny a naioya?a – ieoya?a 1920 aiaea (iineaaeiea ianyoeu nouanoaiaaiey OI?). Ii yoiio aeieoiaioo iaiaeao aeaiooaoa Naeia (ia?eaiaioa) oo?a/eaae neeo oieueei a neo/aa nia?oe aeaiooaoa, oi?acaeiaiey iaiaeaoa ia?eaiaioii, aeia?iaieueiiai neiaeaiey iieiiii/ee, iioa?e ecae?aoaeueiiai i?aaa eee ioeaca io i?enyae. Aeaiooaou aeieaeiu auee eniieiyoue naie iaycaiiinoe ee/ii e iieo/aee ca yoi ainoaea?noaaiiia niaea?aeaiea. Ei aiciauaeenue ?anoiaeu, naycaiiua n aeaiooaoneie aeayoaeueiinoueth, iie iieueciaaeenue i?aaii aanieaoiiai i?iacaea ia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeaeaciie aei?iaa e ia ia?ioiaeao. Ca ainoaea?noaaiioth eciaio, ae?oaea i?anooieaiey e i?inooiee aeaiooaou auee iiaenoaeiu Iaeaunoaio ainoaea?noaaiiiio noaeo ia iniiaaiee iinoaiiaeaiey ia?eaiaioa.
Iniiaiua iieiaeaiey yoiai ii?iaoeaiiai aeoa iaoee io?aaeaiea a Caeiia i Ainoaea?noaaiiie Ia?iaeiie ?aaea (AI?) Oe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeee io 12 iiya?y 1920 aiaea, ii eioi?iio Ainoaea?noaaiiay Ia?iaeiay ?aaea OI? nicaeaaaeanue eae i?aaeia?eaiaio. No. 4 Caeiia iiae/a?eeaaea, /oi /eaiu AI? yaeythony i?aaenoaaeoaeyie a?aaeaeai anae OI?. Eca?aiiiai /eaia AI? iaeuecy auei ioicaaoue, a aai aeayoaeueiinoue ia iiaea auoue naycaia eaeeie-eeai aeiiieieoaeueiuie eino?oeoeeyie.
Iaiaeao /eaia AI? oo?a/eaae caeiiioth neeo oieueei a ?acoeueoaoa nia?oe aeaiooaoa, oi?acaeiaiey iaiaeaoa /a?ac AI?, aeia?iaieueiiai neiaeaiey iieiiii/ee eee ooa?e ecae?aoaeueiiai i?aaa. Ia oo?aoa neeu iaiaeaoa I?aaenaaeaoaeue AI? a ienueiaiiii aeaea niiauae I?aaenaaeaoaeth ?aaeu Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia, eioi?ue /a?ac ieieno?a aioo?aiieo aeae a oa/aiea /aou?iaaeoeaoe aeiae iinea iieo/aiey niiauaiey iauyaeye a i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiii aanoieea i aeiiieieoaeueiuo auai?ao (no. 6). Iinea eca?aiey /eaiu AI? iieo/aee niaoeeaeueiua oaeinoiaa?aiey e iieueciaaeenue anaie i?aaaie aeaiooaoa ia?eaiaioa. Ca naith aeayoaeueiinoue iie ioaa/aee oieueei ia?aae AI?.
Ia?eaiaioneee eiioieoao nio?aiyeny ca ieie ia aanue ia?eiae eca?aiey. *eaiu AI? ia iiaeeaaeaee i?aneaaeiaaieth eee a?anoo aac niaeaney AI?. Eneeth/aiea ec yoiai i?aaeea aeiioneaeinue oieueei a oii neo/aa, anee i?ienoiaeeei (no. 10), o.a. eiaaea aeaiooao aue canoeaioo ia ianoa i?anooieaiey. A yoii neo/aa I?aaenaaeaoaeue AI? iia aeaoue ?ac?aoaiea ia a?ano e i?iaaaeaiea ?anneaaeiaaiey. *eaiu AI? inaiaiaeaeaeenue io i?ecuaa ia aiaiioth neoaeao. Ia ia?eiae /eainoaa a AI? ca ieie nio?aiyeenue eo i?aaeuaeouea aeieaeiinoe (no. 11).
*eaiu AI? iieueciaaeenue aeaiooaoneei eiaeaiieoaoii, a /anoiinoe, ia ianee ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca naie iieeoe/aneea acaeyaeu, aunooieaiey a ia?eaiaioa e ca oa aeoeee, eioi?ua iie iiaeaea?aeeaaee naiei aieiniaaieai. Iie ia iiaee iieoiaoue eee a?aiaeiaaoue ainoaea?noaaiiia eiouanoai e caieiaoue ainoaea?noaaiiua aeieaeiinoe. *eaiu AI? eiaee i?aai ia?auaoueny n onoiui cai?inii e ethaiio /eaio i?aaeoaeuenoaa, i?enoonoaothuaio ia canaaeaiee AI? (no. 16).
Aeinoaoi/ii iiae?iaii i?aaiaie noaoon aeaiooaoa ?aaeaiaioe?iaai a Iaeaca Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai Ia?eaiaioa io 17 ia?oa 1919 aiaea (aeaaa VI – ). Eaaeaeiio /eaio Ia?eaiaioa aa?aioe?iaaeinue iieueciaaiea anaie i?enaiaiiuie naio caaieth i?aaaie, iiea ia ninoieony iinoaiiaeaiea ia ioiaia aai auai?ia (no. 6). Iaeacii ?aaeaiaioe?iaaeenue aii?inu o/anoey /eaiia Ia?eaiaioa a aai canaaeaieyo, ii?yaeie i?aaeinoaaeaiey ei ioioneia, ii?yaeie ?anniio?aiey aii?ina ia ioeaca io aeaiooaoneiai caaiey e ae?.
Oaaaeeoaeueiuie i?e/eiaie ionoonoaey ia canaaeaieyo Ia?eaiaioa i?eciaaaeenue:
1) ninoiyiea caei?iauey, i?aiyonoaothuaa ?aaioa a canaaeaieyo Ia?eaiaioa, nia?oue, a oaeaea oyaeeay aieaciue /eaiia naiuee;
2) caiyoea, naycaiiia n aeayoaeueiinoueth Ia?eaiaioa;
3) ee/iua aeaea, ia oa?iyuea ioeaaaoaeuenoaa (no. 183 Iaeaca).
I /eaiao Ia?eaiaioa, ionoonoaothueo iacaaeneii io i?e/ei ia canaaeaieyo, ia?eiaee/anee niiauaeinue a ni?aai/iii ecaeaiee Ia?eaiaioa.
Iaeac i?aaeoniao?eaae neaaeothuea aeaeu ioaaonoaaiiinoe aeaiooaoia: eeoaiea neiaa, oaeaeaiea ec caea canaaeaiey (a?aiaiiia ono?aiaiea), eeoaiea aeaiooaoneiai caaiey. Aii?in i i?eaea/aiee aeaiooaoa e oaieiaiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe ?aoaeny ii i?aaenoaaeaieth niioaaonoaothueo i?aaiia oieueei Ia?eaiaioii (no. 85 Iaeaca).
Caeii 1, i?eiyoue Ia?eaiaioii AAe? 16 yiaa?y 1919 aiaea, aue iai?aaeai ia iaania/aiea ii?iaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe Ia?eaiaioa. Niaeanii Caeiio, aeaiooaou, ia yaeaoeany ni aeiy ioe?uoey Ia?eaiaioa n 7 aeaeaa?y 1918 aiaea a iieooi?aiany/iue n?ie e ia aeaaoea i naaa e i i?e/eiao naiaai ionoonoaey naaaeaiee, n/eoaeenue auauaoeie ec ninoaaa Ia?eaiaioa. Aiineaaenoaee auauaoeie n/eoaeenue /eaiu Ia?eaiaioa, eioi?ua ionoonoaiaaee a oa/aiea aeaooiaaeaeueiiai n?iea e ia i?aaenoaaeee ii yoiio iiaiaeo ieeaeeo naaaeaiee a I?aceaeeoi Ia?eaiaioa. Oaeoe/anee yoi auei aein?i/iia i?ae?auaiea iaiaeaoa aeaiooaoa ii ?aoaieth Ia?eaiaioa. Oae, ia iniiaaiee yoiai Caeiia, a niioaaonoaee n iinoaiiaeaieai Ia?eaiaioa io 9 ethiy 1919 aiaea aeaiooao io Caiaaco?neiai oacaea Aeaeaeee-aae Noeoaiia ec-ca iai?eauoey ia canaaeaiea aieaa 2 iaaeaeue aac oeacaiey i?e/ei aue eeoai aeaiooaoneiai caaiey2. Ia ianoa auauaoeo aeaiooaoia ecae?aeenue ae?oaea – io niioaaonoaothueo ia?oee eee i?aaiecaoeee, a caaeneiinoe io oiai, ii ia?oeeiiio nieneo i?ioae aeaiooao eee aue eca?ai io iauanoaaiiie i?aaiecaoeee.
Aeoiaaony, yoa i?aeoeea i?eaeaeaoaeueia e aeey nia?aiaiiiai Ia?eaiaioa.
Aeaaa 4.
‘aaaoaaay ? ?RaiyRo
y????-R??? oyy (caianoeoaee) i?aaenaaeaoaey (iaeei ec ieo yaeyeny noa?oei), nae?aoa?ue e nae?aoa?y (/enei iineaaeieo onoaiaaeeaaeinue Ia?eaiaioii ia ana a?aiy aai iieiiii/ee). Eae i?aaeei, aeieaeiinoiua eeoea ecae?aeenue n?ieii ia iaeei aiae. Eaiaeeaeaou ia aeieaeiinoe auaeaeaaeenue cae?uoui aieiniaaieai iin?aaenoaii iiaea/e caienie. E auai?ai aeiioneaeenue eaiaeeaeaou, aeaaoea ia oi niaeanea. A AAe? auai?u i?iaiaeeeenue cae?uoui aieiniaaieai iin?aaenoaii aaeeioe?iaee oa?aie. Iieo/eaoea iaeaieueoaa, ec i?aauoathueo iieiaeio, /enei aieinia n/eoaeenue eca?aiiuie. I?e ?aaainoaa aieinia eca?aiea ii?aaeaeyeinue ae?aaeai, eioi?ue auoyaeaaeny i?aaenaaeaoaeuenoaothuei. A neo/aa, anee ieeoi ia iieo/ee aieaa iieiaeiu aieinia, i?iaiaeeeenue iiaua auai?u. Anee i?e iiaoi?iie aaeeioe?iaea oa?aie ieeoi ia iieo/ae aieaa iieiaeiu aieinia, oi eca?aiiuie n/eoaeenue iaa?aaoea iaeaieueoaa /enei aieinia. I?e ?aaainoaa aieinia eca?aiea ii?aaeaeyeinue ae?aaeai.
Aeaaiui aeieaeiinoiui eeoeii a ia?eaiaioneeo i?aaiao OI? e AAe? yaeyeny i?aaenaaeaoaeue ia?eaiaioa.
A no?oeoo?a ia?eaiaioia iau/ii oi?ie?othony ia?eaiaioneea eiiennee e eiieoaou, inouanoaeythuea iiaeaioiaeo e i?aaeaa?eoaeueiia ?anniio?aiea aii?inia, eioi?ua auiinyony ia ?anniio?aiea ia?eaiaioa. I?eiyoi ?acee/aoue eiiennee iinoiyiiua, eioi?ua nicaeathony ia aanue n?ie iieiiii/ee ia?eaiaioa, e a?aiaiiua – aeey auiieiaiey eaeie-eeai ii?aaeaeaiiie caaea/e (ii ?anneaaeiaaieth, aeey ?anniio?aiey iii?aaie e ae?.).
Iai?eia?, a Ia?eaiaioa AAe? aeey ?ac?aaioee caeiiii?iaeoia ii ioaeaeueiui io?aneyi caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa e aeey i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai ?anniio?aiey iaeii?iaeiuo aii?inia nicaeaaaeenue iinoiyiiua eiiennee, a aeey iiaeaioiaee e ?anniio?aieth ioaeaeueiuo caeiiii?iaeoia eee aii?inia – a?aiaiiua eiiennee. Ia?yaeo n nicaeaiiuie ia ia?aii ia?eaiaioneii canaaeaiee iaiaeaoiie, ?aaeaiaioiie, oicyenoaaiiie eiienneyie, aiineaaenoaee auee nicaeaiu oeiainiai-athaeaeaoiay, ?aaeaeoeeiiiay, eiienney ii cai?inai, aiaiiay, ?aai/ay, aa?a?iay eiiennee, eiiennee ii caeiiiaeaoaeueiui i?aaeeiaeaieyi, ii eniieueciaaieth i?iecaiaeeoaeueiuo nee iauanoaa e nicuao O/?aaeeoaeueiiai Nia?aiey.
Eiiennee ecae?aeenue ia iauai nia?aiee Ia?eaiaioa cae?uoui aieiniaaieai iin?aaenoaii iiaea/e caienie. Eiee/anoai /eaiia iinoiyiiie eiiennee ii?aaeaeyeinue iinoaiiaeaieai Ia?eaiaioa. Ninoaa iinoiyiiie eiiennee aaeaaiaeii ia?aecae?aeny a ia/aea nannee e nio?aiye naie iieiiii/ey aei eca?aiey iiaiai ninoaaa. A?aiaiiay eiienney n/eoaeanue i?ae?aoeaoae naith aeayoaeueiinoue iinea ieii/aoaeueiiai ?ac?aoaiey a Ia?eaiaioa aii?ina, eioi?ue ae aue ii?o/ai.
25 oaa?aey 1919 aiaea Ia?eaiaio AAe? i?eiye i?aaeeiaeaiea ia?oee i aieueoae aeaiie?aoecaoeee i?eioeeiia oi?ie?iaaiey eiiennee. Ii aiiaue onoaiiaeaiiui i?aaeeai, a eiiennee i?aaenoaaeyeenue io o?aeoeee, ian/eouaathueo iaiaa 10 /eaiia, – ii iaeiiio aeaiooaoo, io o?aeoeee, ian/eouaathueo aieaa 10 /eaiia, – ii iaeiiio aeaiooaoo ia eaaeaeua 10 /aeiaae, i?e/ai inoaoie nauoa 5y/eaiia oaeaea aeaaae i?aai ia iaeiiai i?aaenoaaeoaey1.
A ia?eaiaioao Oe?aeiu oaeaea nicaeaaaeenue iinoiyiiua e a?aiaiiua eiiennee, eiee/anoai eioi?uo ia anaaaea /aoei ii?aaeaeyeinue ii?iaoeaiuie aeoaie. A Iaeaca Oe?aeineie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaea io 23 ai?aey 1917 aiaea aiai?eony, /oi . Yoe eiiennee iaoiaeeeenue iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii e iaaeci?ii Eiieoaoa. Oae, a no?oeoo?a Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu auei 9 eiiennee, i?aaenaaeaoaee eioi?uo ecae?aeenue Eiieoaoii Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu. Iineieueeo Iaeay ?aaea eiaea oaeoe/anee oaeea aea iieiiii/ey, eae e Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea, noaoonii ia?eaiaioneeo eiiennee iaeaaeaee e eiiennee Iaeie ?aaeu. Iie ia?aciauaaeenue a neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe a ninoaaa, eioi?ue ii?aaeaeyeny a eaaeaeii ioaeaeueiii neo/aa.
Eiiennee yaeyeenue iiaeeeiiui oeaio?ii caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe. I?iaeou caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeoia iaycaoaeueii ?anniao?eaaeenue eiienneae, ?acaeaaaeenue /eaiai ?aaeu aei canaaeaiey e ianoaeaeaeenue oieueei iinea aeieeaaea eiiennee. Ia?aia nia?aiea aiiaue ia?aciaaiiie eiiennee nicuaae I?aceaeeoi Iaeie ?aaeu. Ia iai ecae?aeny i?aaenaaeaoaeue eiiennee e iena?ue. Eiienneyi ia?aaeaaaeinue i?aai a neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe eiiioe?iaaoue a naie ninoaa iaiaoiaeeiuo eeoe n i?aaii niaauaoaeueiiai aieina. Ii ieii/aiee ?aaiou eiiennee ecae?aeny aeieeaae/ee aeey aunooieaiey ia canaaeaiee Iaeie ?aaeu. Canaaeaiea eiiennee auei ioe?uoui. Anee aicieeaea iaiaoiaeeiinoue a cae?uoii canaaeaiee, aii?in ia yoii ?aoaeny aieueoeinoaii a aeaa o?aoe aieinia.
Nicaeaiea ia?eaiaioneeo eiiennee eiaei ianoi e a ia?eiae Aee?aeoi?ee. A niioaaonoaee n io 28 yiaa?y 1919 aiaea a ninoaaa Eiia?anna o?oaeiaiai ia?iaea ec /enea aeaeaaaoia nicaeaaaeenue oanoue eiiennee: iai?iiu ?anioaeeee, caiaeueiay, athaeaeaoiay, eiino?aiiuo aeae, i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiuo aeae e eoeueoo?ii-ia?aciaaoaeueiay. Eaaeaeay ec eiiennee, e?iia caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe, aeieaeia auea eiio?iee?iaaoue iaeii eee ianeieueei ieienoa?noa. Iai?eia?, eiienney ii iai?iia inouanoaeyea iaaeci? ca ieienoa?noaaie aiaiiui, iooae, ii/o e oaeaa?aoia; athaeaeaoiay – ca ieienoa?noaaie oeiainia, oi?aiaee e i?iiuoeaiiinoe, ainoaea?noaaiiiai eiio?iey1. Anoanoaaiii, /oi oaeay /?acia?iay iiaea ni noi?iiu caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeanoe aucaaea iaaeiaieuenoai i?aaeoaeuenoaa, iiyoiio /a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy iiyaeeinue ?acuyniaiea, /oi eiiennee ia?acothony eneeth/eoaeueii 2.
Caeii i Ainoaea?noaaiiie Ia?iaeiie ?aaea Oe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeee io 12 iiya?y 1920 aiaea oaeaea i?aaeoniao?eaae nicaeaiea ia?eaiaioneeo eiiennee (eae iinoiyiiuo, oae e a?aiaiiuo).
Aaaeiia cia/aiea a aeayoaeueiinoe ia?eaiaioia eiatho eieeaaeaeueiua i?aaiu, eioi?ua nicaeathony aeey iia?aoeaiiai ?aoaiey aaaeiaeoeo aii?inia aioo?aiiae e aiaoiae iieeoeee.
Oe?aeineay Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea iniiaioth ?aaioo i?iaiaeeea /a?ac Iauaa nia?aiea (Aieueoay ?aaea) e Eiieoao (Iaeay ?aaea). Iauaa nia?aiea i?eciaaaeinue aunoei i?aaiii Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu. A Iaeaca Oe?aeineie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaea io 23 ai?aey 1917 aiaea oeacuaaaony, /oi Iauaa nia?aiea 1. I/a?aaeiia nia?aiea nicuaaeinue ia ?aaea iaeiiai ?aca a ianyoe. A neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe iiaee nicuaaoueny yeno?aiiua nia?aiey. Ca aanue ia?eiae nouanoaiaaiey Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu auei nicaaii aeaayoue Iaueo nia?aiee.
Ia ia?aii Iauai nia?aiee, 8 ai?aey 1917 aiaea, aue ooaa?aeaeai nienie /eaiia Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu e noi?ie?iaai aa eniieieoaeueiue i?aai – Eiieoao.
Aoi?ia Iauaa nia?aiea ninoiyeinue 22 – 23 ai?aey 1917 aiaea. Aue ?anniio?ai aii?in ia oe?aeiecaoeee aienea e ooaa?aeaeai Iaeac Oe?aeineie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaea, eioi?ue noae ia?aui ii?iaoeaiui aeoii oe?aeineiai ia?eaiaioa.
O?aouea Iauaa nia?aiea i?iaiaeeei naith ?aaioo 7 – 9 iay 1917 aiaea e ?anniio?aei acaeiiioiioaiey n A?aiaiiui i?aaeoaeuenoaii ?innee.
*aoaa?oia Iauaa nia?aiea (1 – 3 ethiy 1917 a.) caneooaei io/ao A. Aeiie/aiei i iiacaeea aeaeaaaoeee Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu a Iao?ia?aae.
Iinea /aou?ao Iaueo nia?aiee Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu iineaaeothuea aa ieaia?iua canaaeaiey noaee iacuaaoueny nanneyie.
Ia iyoie nannee (20 ethiy – 1 ethey 1917 a.) aue ia?aciaai Aaia?aeueiue Nae?aoa?eao – i?aaeoaeuenoai OI?. Ia oanoie nannee (5 – 6 aaaonoa 1917 a.) – i?eiyoi ?aoaiea i nicuaa Oe?aeineiai O/?aaeeoaeueiiai Nia?aiey. Naaeueiay nanney (29 ieoya?y – 2 iiya?y 1917 a.) ianoaeeea neooaoeeth, eioi?ay neiaeeeanue a no?aia iinea caoaaoa aieueoaaeeaie aeanoe a Iao?ia?aaea. Ia ainueiie nannee (12 – 17 aeaeaa?y 1917 a.) ?anniao?eaaeny aii?in i ie?a e caiea. Aeaayoay nanney (15 – 25 yiaa?y 1918 a.) ooaa?aeeea caeiiu i caiea, i ainueie/aniaii ?aai/ai aeia, aianea eciaiaiey a Caeii i auai?ao a Oe?aeineia o/?aaeeoaeueiia nia?aiea, ianoaeeea oiae ie?iuo ia?aaiai?ia a A?anoa.
Iainiiaaiiui i?aaenoaaeyaony iiaiea i oii, /oi, ianiio?y ia cia/eoaeueiue iauai iieiiii/ee, <...iauaa nia ieacaeinue iaeiaiaa yooaeoeaiie no oeaio> 2. Caeanue i?aiaeaaeaee iieeoe/aneea yiioeee, iiioeeci, aeaiaaiaey. Iie eniieueciaaeenue iieeoe/aneeie ia?oeyie aeaaiui ia?acii aeey aaaeaiey ai?ueau ca aeanoue.
A no?oeoo?a Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu a ea/anoaa eniieieoaeueiiai i?aaia ?aaioae Eiieoao, ninoaa eioi?iai aue eca?ai ia ia?aii Iauai nia?aiee 8 ai?aey 1917 aiaea. A iaai aoiaeee I?aceaeeoi Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu (i?aaenaaeaoaeue e aeaa aai caianoeoaey) e naiiaaeoeaoue /eaiia. I?aaa e iaycaiiinoe Eiieoaoa auee ii?aaeaeaiu a Iaeaca Oe?aeineie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaea io 23 ai?aey 1917 aiaea. Aiineaaenoaee ninoaa Eiieoaoa aue ?anoe?ai aei 33 /eaiia, ec eioi?uo 20 ecae?aeenue Iauei nia?aieai, 13 – ?aoaieai Eiieoaoa. Anei?a Eiieoao noaiiaeony ?oeiaiaeyuei i?aaiii Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu. Ii eiio?iee?iaae e iai?aaeye anth oaeouoth ?aaioo Ia?eaiaioa, aioiaee i?iaeou iaeaieaa aaaeiuo iieeoe/aneeo ?aoaiee, ?ani?aaeaeye oeiainu, inouanoaeye naycue n ianoiuie i?aaiaie aeanoe. A eiioea ethiy 1917 aiaea, iinea ia?aciaaiey Aaia?aeueiiai Nae?aoa?eaoa, Eiieoao iieo/ee i?aai . 3 ethey 1917 aiaea Eiieoao aue ia?aeiaiiaai a Iaeoth ?aaeo, ninoaa eioi?ie aue nia/aea oaaee/ai aei 40, a caoai – aei 58 /eaiia.
Iaeay ?aaea ea?aea aaaeouoth ?ieue a aeayoaeueiinoe Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu. Aa canaaeaiey auee i?iaeoeoeaiaa Iaueo nia?aiee. Aieueoeinoai aaaeiaeoeo iieeoe/aneeo ?aoaiee auee i?eiyou Iaeie ?aaeie. A aa aeoea neaaeoao ioianoe I, III e IV Oieaa?naeu, Noaooo Aaia?aeueiiai Nae?aoa?eaoa, Eiinoeoooeeth OI?, ooaa?aeaeaiea iiaiai aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiiai aeaeaiey Oe?aeiu, aaaaeaiea a?eai?eaineiai eaeaiaea?y, ?aoeoeeaoeeth A?anoneiai ie?iiai aeiaiai?a.
Eiinoeoooeey OI? io 29 ai?aey 1918 aiaea ia iacuaaao no?oeoo?iua /anoe, eioi?ua aeieaeiu aoiaeeoue a Ia?eaiaio – Anaia?iaeiia Nia?aiea. Iaeiaei ec aa oaenoa iiaeii auaeaeeoue, ii e?aeiae ia?a, aeaa eieeaaeaeueiuo i?aaia – I?aceaeeoi e ?aaeo Noa?oei Nia?aiey.
Caeii i Ainoaea?noaaiiie Ia?iaeiie ?aaea Oe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeee io 12 iiya?y 1920 aiaea iacuaaao aaeeinoaaiiue iinoiyiiue eieeaaeaeueiue i?aai – I?aceaeeoi (no. 20). A iaiaoiaeeiuo neo/ayo Ainoaea?noaaiiay Ia?iaeiay ?aaea iiaea ia?aciauaaoue ?acee/iua eiiennee (no. 22).
A Ia?eaiaioa Caiaaeiioe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeee 4yyiaa?y 1919 aiaea aue nicaeai I?aceaeeoi Oe?aeineie Iaoeeiiaeueiie ?aaeu, eioi?ue ninoiye ec I?aceaeaioa (I?aaenaaeaoaey ?aaeu), /aou?ao aai caianoeoaeae e Oe?aeineie Iaoeeiiaeueiie ?aaeu, a eioi?ue aoiaeeee I?aceaeaio ?aaeu e aeaayoue /eaiia.
A Ia?eaiaioa AAe?, a niioaaonoaee n io 17 ia?oa 1919 aiaea, aeey ?aoaiey oaeoueo aii?inia aue i?aaieciaai I?aceaeeoi a ninoaaa i?aaenaaeaoaey Ia?eaiaioa, (caianoeoaeae) i?aaenaaeaoaey, nae?aoa?y Ia?eaiaioa e nae?aoa?y. I?aceaeeoi nicuaaeny i?aaenaaeaoaeai Ia?eaiaioa. I?aaenaaeaoaeue iaycai aue oaeaea nicaaoue I?aceaeeoi ii cayaeaieth aeaoo aai /eaiia. I?aceaeeoi aue i?aaiii/iui, eiaaea ia aai canaaeaiee i?enoonoaiaaei ia iaiaa o?ao /eaiia, a oii /enea nae?aoa?ue Ia?eaiaioa eee oiaa?eu nae?aoa?y.
I?aceaeeoi iaaethaeae ca oiaeii canaaeaiee Ia?eaiaioa e ia yoie iniiaa i?aaenoaaeye ia aai ooaa?aeaeaiea iiaanoeo aeiy, aeaaae caeeth/aiey ii aii?inai, oeacaiiui a , ?anniao?eaae aii?inu i i?aaeinoaaeaiee ioioneia /eaiai Ia?eaiaioa, eiio?iee?iaae yaeo ia canaaeaiey, i?eieiae ia ?aaioo e oaieueiye neoaeaueo ia?eaiaioneie eaioeaey?ee.
E?iia oeacaiiuo, a e?oa iieiiii/ee I?aceaeeoia aoiaeeei:
( onoaiiaeaiea i?aaee aioo?aiiaai ?anii?yaeea Ia?eaiaioa ai anao neo/ayo, ia i?aaeoniio?aiiuo , ia ?ac?aoaiiuo iinoaiiaeaieyie iauaai nia?aiey Ia?eaiaioa e ia ioianaiiuo ie , ie iinoaiiaeaieyie Ia?eaiaioa e aaaeaieth ae?oaeo i?aaiia;
( ii nianoaaiiie eieoeeaoeaa eee ii cayaeaieth caeioa?aniaaiiuo noi?ii ioiaia iinoaiiaeaiee e ?anii?yaeaiee anao i?aaiia Ia?eaiaioa, i?ioeai?a/aueo caeiiai, eee iinoaiiaeaieyi Ia?eaiaioa;
( ?ac?aoaiea anao i?iaeai a aeayoaeueiinoe Ia?eaiaioa, eioi?ua ia iaoee io?aaeaiey ie a caeiia, ie a iinoaiiaeaieyo Ia?eaiaioa e ia ioianaiu eee iinoaiiaeaieyie Ia?eaiaioa e aaaeaieth ae?oaeo i?aaiia.
A Ia?eaiaioa AAe?, iiieii I?aceaeeoia, nouanoaiaae e oaeie i?aai eae Naiuei?ai Eiiaaio. Haeioi?ua enneaaeiaaoaee ioeai/ii iieaaatho, /oi a caaea/e yoiai i?aaia aoiaeeei ?aoaiea oaeoueo aii?inia Ia?eaiaioa. A aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe ii ia caieiaeny aii?inaie ?anii?yaeeoaeueiiai oa?aeoa?a. Naiuei?ai Eiiaaio, eioi?ue ninoiye ec i?aaenaaeaoaeae ia?eaiaioneeo o?aeoeee, aue o/?aaeaeai aeey aeinoeaeaiey niaeaney iaaeaeo iieeoe/aneeie ia?oeyie1.
*eaiu ia?eaiaioia iau/ii iauaaeeiythony a ioaeaeueiua a?oiiu (o?aeoeee), eniieuecoy aeey yoiai oa??eoi?eaeueioth, iaoeeiiaeueioth, iieeoe/aneoth e eioth i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue. Iaeaieaa /anoi iie iauaaeeiytho /eaiia iaeiie eee (?aaea) ianeieueeeo ?iaenoaaiiuo ia?oee n oeaeueth i?iaaaeaiey a ia?eaiaioa aaeeiie iieeoeee. O?aeoeee anaaaea ea?aee ?aoathuoth ?ieue a ii?aaeaeaiee aioo?aiiae e aiaoiae iieeoeee, eioi?oth i?iaiaeee ia?eaiaio.
Aiaeec ninoaaia i?aaeia?eaiaioia e ia?eaiaioia, eioi?ua ooieoeeiie?iaaee eee aeieaeiu auee ooieoeeiie?iaaoue a aoaeouai a Oe?aeia, iieacuaaao anth neiaeiinoue i?ioeanna iienea iioeiaeueiiai i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa anao iieeoe/aneeo, nioeeaeueiuo e iaoeeiiaeueiuo nee no?aiu.
A ?acee/iua ia?eiaeu a ninoaa Oe?aeineie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu aoiaeeei aei 19 iieeoe/aneeo ia?oee – oe?aeineeo, ?inneeneeo, aa?aeneeo, iieueneeo. Aeaiooaou-oe?aeioeu ninoaaeyee o?e cia/eoaeueiua o?aeoeee: oe?aeineea yna?u, oe?aeineea ynaeaee e nioeeaeenou-oaaea?aeenou. Naiie neeueiie o?aeoeeae a ?aaea auee oe?aeineea yna?u, e eioi?ui i?eniaaeeieeny e I. A?ooaaneee, aeeeoaeueiia a?aiy aei yoiai inoaaaaoeeny aania?oeeiui. Aianoa n oe?aeineeie ynaeaeaie iie caaeaaaee oii aeayoaeueiinoe ?aaeu e eiio?iee?iaaee ana aa no?oeoo?u: I?aceaeeoi, Iaeoth ?aaeo, Aaia?aeueiue Nae?aoa?eao, ia?eaiaioneea eiiennee.
E oe?aeineei nioeeae-aeaiie?aoai i?eiaaeeaaeaee oaeea aeaeiua iieeoe/aneea aeayoaee eae A. Aeiie/aiei, N. Iaoeth?a, I. Ii?o e ae?. Eeaea?ii nioeeaeenoia-oaaea?aeenoia yaeyeny N. Ao?aiia. Iaeaieaa a?aaeaeaaiie e oe?aeineei o?aeoeeyi, a oaeoe/anee iiiiceoeeiiiie e iei, auea o?aeoeey ?inneeneeo yna?ia, eioi?oth aicaeaaeye A. Ca?oaei. Ianiio?y ia ionoonoaea ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia, eioi?ua ii?aaeaeyee au ii?yaeie oi?ie?iaaiey o?aeoeee, eo i?aaiaia iieiaeaiea, iie ieacuaaee ia?iiiia aeeyiea ia ii?aaeaeaiea eo?na Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu, ia aeayoaeueiinoue anao i?aaiia ainoaea?noaa. I?iii?oeeiiaeueii o?aeoeeiiiiio ninoaao ?aaeu auea noi?ie?iaaia Iaeay ?aaea. A aaaonoa 1917 aiaea a ninoaaa Iaeie ?aaeu oe?aeineei ia?oeyi i?eiaaeeaaeaei 35, aa?aeneei – 15, ?inneeneei – 10, iieueneei – 4 ianoa 1. Ii iaoeeiiaeueiiio ninoaao oe?aeioeu ninoaaeyee 75 % /eaiia Oe?aeineie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu.
Aeaeueiaeoee iooue oe?aeineiai ia?eaiaioa?ecia ioia/ai iieneaie oi?ie?iaaiey oaeiai i?aaenoaaeoaeueiiai i?aaia, eioi?ue iaeneiaeueii io?aaeaao eioa?anu ia?iaea Oe?aeiu. Oae, auai?u a ninoaa i?aaeia?eaiaioa – O?oaeiaiai eiia?anna ia?iaeia Oe?aeiu, eioi?ua ninoiyeenue 12 – 15 yiaa?y 1919 aiaea, auee i?aaieciaaiu ia iniiaa oa??eoi?eaeueiiai i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa. Aeaeaaaou i?aaenoaaeyee Eeaaneoth aoaa?ieth (67 iano a Eiia?anna), Oa?ueeianeoth (65), Aieuineoth (60), Iiaeieueneoth (59), Iieoaaneoth (58), *a?ieaianeoth (54), Oa?niineoth (52), Aeaoa?eiineaaneoth (46), Oieineoth (19), Oaa?eeneoth (18) aoaa?iee e COI? (65). Iaeiaei /eaiu O?oaeiaiai eiia?anna i?aaenoaaeyee ia oieueei oa??eoi?ee, ii e eo?ee: ec 593 aeaeaaaoia 377 ecae?aeenue io e?anoueyi, 118 – io ?aai/eo, 33 – io eioaeeeaaioeee1.
A iniiao auai?ia a ia?eaiaio Caiaaeiioe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeee – Naei – aue iieiaeai iaoeeiiaeueiue i?eciae. Ec 226 iineia Naeia oe?aeioeu aeieaeiu auee eca?aoue 160 iineia, iieyee – 33, aa?ae – 27, iaioeu – 6. N yoie oeaeueth oa??eoi?ey ainoaea?noaa auea ?acaeaeaia ia 23 iaoeeiiaeueiuo ecae?aoaeueiuo ie?oaa: 12 – oe?aeineeo, 5 – iieueneeo, 5 – aa?aeneeo, 1 – iaiaoeeee2.
Aeeeoaeueiua iienee iniiaaiee i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa a ia?eaiaioa i?eaaee e ia?oeeiie nenoaia aai oi?ie?iaaiey. Ainoaea?noaaiioth Ia?iaeioth ?aaeo (aii?in i eioi?ie aue iinoaaeai a iineaaeiea ianyoeu nouanoaiaaiey OI?) ieaie?iaaeinue eca?aoue a ninoaaa 161 aeaiooaoa. 30 % iano ?aca?ae?iaaeinue aeey iieeoe/aneeo ia?oee eaaie i?eaioaoeee (OIN? – 20, ONAe?I – 19, aa?aeneea ia?oee – 9), 18 % iano – aeey oeaio?enoia (OINO – 9, E?anoueyineay nioeeaeenoe/aneay ia?oey – 6, Ia?iaeiay O?oaeiaay ia?oey – 5, O?oaeiaay ia?oey, e – ii 3), 13 % iano – aeey iieeoe/aneeo ia?oee i?aaie i?eaioaoeee (Ia?iaeiay ?anioaeeeaineay ia?oey – 6, OINN – 5, OAeOI e neiienou – ii 4, aa?aeneay ia?oey – 2), 5,5 % iano – aeey i?iaieueoaaenoneeo i?aaiecaoeee Oe?aeiu (aieueoaaeee – 2, ai?ioueaenou – 5, iacaeaaeieee – 2), 3,5y% iano – aeey ?inneeneeo ia?oee (?NAe?I, yna?u e eaaeaou – ii 2), 2 % iano – aeey iieueneeo ia?oee (IIN, , – iiy1)3. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, 72 % iaiaeaoia a Ainoaea?noaaiiie Ia?iaeiie ?aaea OI? aeieaeiu auee i?eiaaeeaaeaoue iieeoe/aneei ia?oeyi, inoaeueiua ianoa a i?aaeia?eaiaioa iieo/aee: 19 – e?anoueyineea nithcu, 9 – i?ionithcu, 6 – i?aaiu naiioi?aaeaiey, 5 – eiiia?aoeaiua i?aaiecaoeee, 3 – iao/iua ?aaioieee, 2 – ?aaioieee eoeueoo?u e 1 – nayuaiiineoaeeoaee.
Aca?aaeaeaeaineee Ia?eaiaio aue i?aaenoaaeai 97 /eaiaie, eioi?ua auee iauaaeeiaiu a 11 o?aeoeeyo e a?oiiao. A ?acee/iuo enoi/ieeao i?eaiaeyony ?aciua oeeo?u, iieacuaathuea eiee/anoai /eaiia ia?eaiaioa: 85, 93-95, 96 e o.ae. Yoi auei iaoneiaeaii iicaeiei anooieaieai a ia?eaiaio /eaiia ?onneiai e a?iyineiai iaoeeiiaeueiuo niaaoia, iacaaa?oaieai auai?ia a iaeioi?uo ianoiinoyo, a oaeaea iaii?aaeaeaiiinoueth a noaeueaao Iaoe/aaaie e Ai?/aeu, ec-ca /aai iineaaeiea ia iiaee aeaeaae?iaaoue naieo i?aaenoaaeoaeae a ia?eaiaio.
I?aaenoaaeoaee ia?oee , iauaaeeieaoenue n a?oiiie aania?oeeiuo aeaiie?aoia, ia?aciaaee naioth aieueooth ia?eaiaioneoth o?aeoeeth. Eeaea?ii yoie o?aeoeee, ninoiyuae ec 38 /eaiia ia?eaiaioa, noae I. ?anoe-caaea. A ia?eaiaioa ia?oey eiaea 13 i?aaenoaaeoaeae, – 7, o?aeoeey nioeeaeenoia, ninoiyuay ec aoiiaoenoia e /eaiia ionoeueiaineiai nioeeaeenoe/aneiai aeiea, – 13, – 4, ia?oey – 7, o?aeoeey a?iyineie iaueiu e iaoeeiiaeueiuo iaiueoeinoa – eaaeaeay ii 41. E?iia oiai, a Ia?eaiaioa aeaenoaiaaee o?aeoeee e , a ninoaa eioi?uo aoiaeeee e oaeea aeaeiua iieeoe/aneea aeayoaee eae A. Oii/oaaoaa, N.yIaoiaiaea?ia, O. Iaeee-Aneaiia. *eai ia?eaiaioa A. Yoaiaeeaa ia i?eiaaeeaaeae ieeaeie o?aeoeee.
Ia?oey , ianiio?y ia oi, /oi auea aeaaiie iieeoe/aneie neeie e ninoaaeyea naioth aieueooth ia?eaiaioneoth o?aeoeeth, caieiaea a ia?eaiaioa iaiueoa iieiaeiu iano. I?e oaeie ?annoaiiaea nee ie iaeia o?aeoeey ia iiaea a ioaeaeueiinoe noaoue ?aoathuae iieeoe/aneie neeie. Aeey oi?ie?iaaiey aieueoeinoaa o?aaiaaeinue aaeeinoai ianeieueeeo ia?oee, a yoiio iaoaei ?acee/ea acaeyaeia iaaeaeo ia?oeyie. Yoi, a naith i/a?aaeue, ieacuaaei io?eoeaoaeueiia aeeyiea ia caeiiiaeaoaeueioth aeayoaeueiinoue Ia?eaiaioa e cao?oaeiyei ?aoaiea iniiaiuo aii?inia aioo?aiiae e aiaoiae iieeoeee, a /anoiinoe aii?ina i oi?ie?iaaiee i?aaeoaeuenoaa.
*eai ia?eaiaioa O. ?onoaiaaeia ienae: . Ii e yoio oeaio? ia eiaao aiooeoaeueiie neeu a ia?eaiaioa e ia iiaeao i?aoaiaeiaaoue ia ?oeiaiaenoai aac nicaeaiey eiaeeoeee n ae?oaeie oa/aieyie ia?eaiaioa. Ia?oey , i?eaeeaeathuayny ii naiei iieeoe/aneei oaaaeaeaieyi e iaoeeiiaeueii-aeaiie?aoe/aneiio oieeo e i?aaenoaaeythuay eioa?anu ii?aaeaeaiiie /anoe ianaeaiey Aca?aaeaeaeaia, ia iiaeao inoaaaoueny a iiiiceoeee>1.
I?e ia?eaiaioao Oe?aeiu e Aca?aaeaeaeaia nouanoaiaaee ?acee/iua neoaeaaiua o/?aaeaeaiey, eioi?ua ia aoiaeeee a ia?eaiaioneea no?oeoo?u, ii iiiiaaee ei inouanoaeyoue naie iieiiii/ey: aeaeeioaea, oaoie/aneee nae?aoa?eao e ae?.
Aeieaeiinoiua eeoea oaoie/aneiai nae?aoa?eaoa Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu iauaaeeiyeenue a eaioeaey?eth ai aeaaa n aee?aeoi?ii e aai iiiiuieeii. Eaioeaey?ey ninoiyea ec oanoe ioaeaeia: iauee, eiaeeoeeaoeeiiiue, ecaeaoaeueneee, aooaaeoa?neee, aeaeeioa/iue e oicyenoaaiiue. A naith i/a?aaeue, iauee ioaeae eiae oanoue iiaeioaeaeia: eaioeaey?eth, noaiia?aoe/aneee, ee/iiai ninoaaa, aae?aniue, eioi?iaoeeiiiue, yeniaaeeoeeth; oicyenoaaiiue – o?e iiaeioaeaea: aa?aae, oeiia?aoeth, eiiaiaeaoo?o; ecaeaoaeueneee eiae a naiai ninoaaa ?aaeaeoeeth .
Eaioeaey?ey Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu aeaenoaiaaea ia iniiaaiee noaoooa, a niioaaonoaee n eioi?ui ana aa nio?oaeieee aoiaeeee a ninoaa iauaai nia?aiey eaioeaey?ee ai aeaaa n eiieoaoii nio?oaeieeia. Iauaa nia?aiea eaioeaey?ee aeieaeii auei nicuaaoueny aaeaaiaeii, aiineoue eciaiaiey a noaooo, iono?aiyoue io eniieiaiey naieo ooieoeee aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe, ia?aciauaaoue aeaiaaeiua oiiaeu ni aciinia nio?oaeieeia, neaaeeoue ca oneiaeyie o?oaea e ii?aaeaeyoue eiiiaoaioeeth eiieoaoa nio?oaeieeia. Iiieiay cia/aiea neoaeaaiuo o/?aaeaeaiee, ia?eaiaiou oaeaeyee ei aeinoaoi/ii iiiai aieiaiey. Oae, 9 ai?aey 1918 aiaea Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea ooaa?aeeea Caeii i i?aaa aaniioeeiiiai iieo/aiey eiea e ae?oaeo ecaeaiee aeaeeioaeie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu, iai?aaeaiiue ia i?aaiecaoeeth e eiiieaeoiaaiea ia?eaiaioneie aeaeeioaee1.
Aeieaeiinoiua eeoea oaoie/aneiai ia?niiaea Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai Ia?eaiaioa iauaaeeiyeenue a eaioeaey?eth ai aeaaa n ia/aeueieeii e aai iiiiuieeii. A eaioeaey?ee Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai Ia?eaiaioa ooieoeeiie?iaaee aeaa ioaeaea: caeiiiaeaoaeueiue e aaeieieno?aoeaiue. E?iia oiai, a ninoaa eaioeaey?ee aoiaeeee aeaeii?iecaiaeeoaee, ia?aaiae/eee, ?aaeno?aoi?u, oth?eneea e ?onneea ?aaeaeoi?u, noaiia?aou, eaanoi? e aai iiiiuieee, niio?eoaeue caeaiey ia?eaiaioa e a?a/ ia?eaiaioa.
4.2. Ii?yaeie aeayoaeueiinoe ia?eaiaioa
Ii?yaeie aeayoaeueiinoe ia?eaiaioa iau/ii ii?aaeaeyaony ?aaeaiaioii. Yoio aeieoiaio a OI? e a AAe? iacuaaeny iaeacii.
Aeayoaeueiinoue Oe?aeineie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu ?aaeaiaioe?iaaeanue Iaeacii Oe?aeineie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaea io 23 ai?aey 1917 aiaea. I. A?ooaaneee ii?aaeaeye yoio aeieoiaio eae . A niioaaonoaee n i. III Iaeaca ?aaioa Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu i?iaiaeeeanue /a?ac Iauaa nia?aiea e Eiieoao ?aaeu.
I/a?aaeiia Iauaa nia?aiea aeieaeii auei i?iaiaeeoueny ia ?aaea iaeiiai ?aca a ianyoe. Ca aeanyoue aeiae aei Nia?aiey anai /eaiai Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu ?annueaeenue eiaiiua i?eaeaoaiey. Niiauaiea ia i/a?aaeiii Nia?aiee ioaeeeiaaeinue ca aeanyoue aeiae a eeaaneeo oe?aeineeo aacaoao, a ii aiciiaeiinoe, e a aacaoao ae?oaeo ai?iaeia. A i?eaeaoaiee oeacuaaeanue iiaanoea aeiy. E?iia i/a?aaeiuo Iaueo nia?aiee, iiaee nicuaaoueny yeno?aiiua, eioi?iaoeey i eioi?uo oaeaea ioaeeeiaaeanue a aacaoao e niiauaeanue ii oaeaa?aoo.
Eiieoao (n 3 ethey 1917 – Iaeay ?aaea) eiae naie ?aaeaiaio. Ii aue ooaa?aeaeai 1 aaaonoa 1917 aiaea1. A eiiiaoaioeeth Eiieoaoa, eee Iaeie ?aaeu, aoiaeee nicua iauaai i/a?aaeiiai nia?aiey, iiaeaioiaea aeieeaaeia e iaoa?eaeia aeey iaai, aianaiea eciaiaiee a ninoaa Aaia?aeueiiai Nae?aoa?eaoa, ?aoaiea anao aii?inia iieeoe/aneie e yeiiiie/aneie aeecie Oe?aeiu a ia?eiae iaaeaeo nanneyie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu n iineaaeothuei ooaa?aeaeaieai ia nanneyo i?eiyouo aeieoiaioia.
Aaeaiaaeaeueii Iaeay ?aaea aeieaeia auea niae?aoueny ia i/a?aaeiia canaaeaiea. A neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe nicuaaeinue aiai/a?aaeiia canaaeaiea ii eieoeeaoeaa i?aaenaaeaoaey ?aaeu eee ii cayaeaieth ia iaiaa iyoe aa /eaiia. Aeey ooaa?aeaeaiey aaaeiuo caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo ?aoaiee iaiaoiaeeii auei i?enoonoaea 2/3 iauaai /enea /eaiia ?aaeu. ?aoaiey ii ae?oaei aii?inai i?eieiaeenue i?e eai?oia 50y% i?enoonoaothueo. Ana ?aoaiey i?eieiaeenue i?inoui aieueoeinoaii iooai ioe?uoiai, cae?uoiai eee iieiaiiiai aieiniaaiey. Oe?ieeie iieiiii/eyie ii ?aaeaiaioo iaeaaeae i?aaenaaeaoaeue Iaeie ?aaeu. Ii nicuaae e aae canaaeaiey, i?aaeeaaae iiaanoeo aeiy, ?oeiaiaeee ianoaeaeaieai, iiaeaiaeee aai eoiae, onoaiaaeeaae ii?yaeie aieiniaaiey ii i?aaeeiaeaieyi, eioi?ua iinooiaee io o?aeoeee.
A ?aaeaiaioa ie/aai ia aiai?eeinue i iiaeio/aoiinoe Iaeie ?aaeu ia?aae Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeie. Ia iaeioi?uo Iaueo nia?aieyo caneooeaaeenue io/aou Iaeie ?aaeu, ii iie iineee, nei?aa, eioi?iaoeeiiiue oa?aeoa?. Eiaaea ia naaeueiii Iauai nia?aiee i?aaenoaaeoaeue aian i?aaeeiaeaiea iiaeoaa?aeeoue iinoaiiaeaiea Iaeie ?aaeu ii niauoeyi a Iao?ia?aaea, i?aaenaaeaoaeuenoaothuee I. A?ooaaneee ia?aie/eeny ?aieeeie: . Yoi naeaeaoaeuenoaiaaei i oii, /oi oaeoe/anee Iaeay ?aaea eiaea oaeea aea iieiiii/ey, eae e Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea.
Ii ?aaeaiaioo ieeoi ec /eaiia Iaeie ?aaeu ia iia aunooiaoue ii iaeiiio aii?ino aieaa aeaoo ?ac: ia?aue ?ac – 15 ieioo, aoi?ie – 5 ieioo. Ia ia?aie/eaaeny ai a?aiaie oieueei aeieeaae/ee. Ai a?aiy ianoaeaeaiey aeieeaaea ii eiae i?aai ia ?aieeee (ia aieaa 5 iei.) iinea eaaeaeiai aunooieaiey. Ii o?aaiaaieth /eaiia Iaeie ?aaeu ethaie iiiaio canaaeaiey caiineeny a i?ioieie. Ia cayaeaiey ii iiaanoea aeiy ioaiaeeeinue ii 3 ieioou. Aeaaaou i?ae?auaeenue ii cayaeaieth 5 e aieaa eeoe. I?aaeeiaeaiey e ?aciethoeeyi iiaeaaaeenue ienueiaiii. I?e eo ianoaeaeaiee aunooiathuea eiaee ii 3 ieioou. Anee aii?in caaeaaaeny ec caea, oi oio, eoi ni?aoeaae, aeieaeai aue noi?ioee?iaaoue aai oae, /oiau iiaeii auei ioaaoeoue oieueei eee . A aeeneonneyo ii iii?aaeai eee aeiiieiaieyi e ?aciethoeee neiai i?aaeinoaaeyeinue ii i/a?aaeiinoe: oiio, eoi , oiio, eoi , e o.ae. Eaaeaeue /eai Iaeie ?aaeu iia aieiniaaoue oieueei ca naay. Cae?uoia aieiniaaiea i?iaiaeeeinue ii o?aaiaaieth 5 e aieaa /eaiia ?aaeu, iieiaiiia – ia iaiaa 10 /eaiia. Ia cae?uouo canaaeaieyo iiaee i?enoonoaiaaoue oieueei /eaiu Iaeie ?aaeu, aaia?aeueiua nae?aoa?e, a oaeaea niaoeeaeueii i?eaeaoaiiua eeoea. ?aoaiey ia canaaeaieyo Iaeie ?aaeu i?eieiaeenue i?inoui aieueoeinoaii, a eiaaea eiee/anoai e auei iaeeiaeiaui, oi aii?in nieiaeny n ?anniio?aiey.
9 aaaonoa 1917 aiaea a ?aaeaiaio Iaeie ?aaeu auee aianaiu aeaa eciaiaiey. Ai-ia?auo, ia ia?aie/eaaeenue a?aiaiai aunooieaiey, eioi?ua eiaee aeaeea?aoeaiue oa?aeoa?. Ai-aoi?uo, a ?aaeaiaioa iiyaeeny aua iaeei ia?aa?ao: 1.
Aua iaeiie oi?iie ?aaiou Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu auee ieaioiu. *aoeiai ii?aaeaeaiey ieaia?iie ?aaiou a caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ia auei. Iayniui yaeyaony aii?in i ?aca?aie/aiee eiiiaoaioeee Iauaai nia?aiey e ieaioia Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu. Ec aeieoiaioia neaaeoao, /oi ia ieaioiao ?anniao?eaaeenue ia oieueei iieeoe/aneea, ii e i?aaiecaoeeiiiua aii?inu. Oae, 6 ethey 1917 aiaea, aunooiay ia canaaeaiee ieaioia, I. A?ooaaneee cayaee, /oi Eiieoao (Iaeay ?aaea) aoaeao inouanoaeyoue caeiiiaeaoaeueiua ooieoeee a ia?eiae iaaeaeo ieaioiaie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu.
Oi?iie ?aaiou Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu auee nannee. ?acee/aeenue i/a?aaeiua e aiai/a?aaeiua (/?acau/aeiua) nannee. Eiinoeoooeey OI? 29 ai?aey 1918 aiaea eiinoaoe?iaaea, /oi ia?eaiaio (Anaia?iaeiia nia?aiea) oaeaea ?aaioaao a nanneiiiii ii?yaeea. Nannee Anaia?iaeiuo nia?aiee i?iaiaeyony ia iaiaa aeaoo ?ac a aiae, iaeiaei ia?a?ua iaaeaeo ieie ia aeieaeai i?aauoaoue o?ao ianyoeaa. Ii o?aaiaaieth iyoie /anoe aeaiooaoia iiaee nicuaaoueny aiai/a?aaeiua nannee a iany/iue n?ie. Nia?aiea n/eoaeinue iieiiii/iui i?e iaee/ee aieaa iieiaeiu aeaiooaoia, a aii?in – ?aoaiiui i?e iiaea/a ca iaai i?inoiai aieueoeinoaa io eiee/anoaa i?enoonoaothueo. Aeey eciaiaiey Eiinoeoooeee o?aaiaaeinue eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiia aieueoeinoai a 3/5 aieinia i?enoonoaothueo. I?e yoii ethaua eciaiaiey Iniiaiiai caeiia anooiaee a neeo oieueei iinea ooaa?aeaeaiey eo iiaui ninoaaii Anaia?iaeiiai nia?aiey, ii oaea i?inoui aieueoeinoaii aieinia.
Nanneiiiue ii?yaeie ?aaiou aue oa?aeoa?iui e aeey Ainoaea?noaaiiie Ia?iaeiie ?aaeu. Ia?aay ec o?ao (i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoueth ii aeaa ianyoea eaaeaeay) i/a?aaeiuo nannee nicuaaeanue i?aaenaaeaoaeai Aee?aeoi?ee ia i?ioyaeaiee ianyoea iinea i?eiyoey Caeiia i auai?ao, aoi?ay – 7 iay, o?aouey – 1 ieoya?y 1921 aiaea. I?aaeoniao?eaaeny e nicua /?acau/aeiuo nannee, eioi?ua iiaee niae?aoueny ii eieoeeaoeaa i?aaenaaeaoaey Aee?aeoi?ee, naiie AI? eee aa i?aceaeeoia, ?aaeu Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia.
?aoaiey AI? i?eieiaeenue i?inoui aieueoeinoaii aieinia i?enoonoaothueo, a eciaiaiey a Eiinoeoooeee – aieueoeinoaii io iauaai eiee/anoaa aeaiooaoia.
A?aiaiiue ?aaeaiaio aeayoaeueiinoe AI? ?ac?aaaouaaeny e ooaa?aeaeaeny ?aaeie Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia. Ia?ooaiea ?aaeaiaioa oai eee eiui aeaiooaoii aeaeei ca niaie iono?aiaiea aai io aeaiiiai canaaeaiey eee eeoaiea i?aaa o/anoey a ianeieueeeo canaaeaieyo. Oaeia ?aoaiea ioaeaeaeinue a iaycaoaeueiii ooaa?aeaeaiee aai AI?.
Ainoaea?noaaiiiio Naeio OI?, nicaeaiea eioi?iai i?aaeoniao?eaaeinue eiinoeoooeeiiiie eiienneae A. Ieeianeiai a i?iaeoa Iniiaiiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai caeiia Oe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeee (naioya?ue – ieoya?ue 1920 aiaea), oaeaea aue oa?aeoa?ai nanneiiiue ii?yaeie ?aaiou. Nannee Naeia nicuaaeenue aeaaie ainoaea?noaa: ia?aay – ia i?ioyaeaiee /aou?iaaeoeaoe aeiae iinea auai?ia, i/a?aaeiua – aeaa ?aca a aiae (aaniie e inaiueth). Ia?a?uau a oiaea iaeiie nannee ia iiaee i?aauoaoue aeanyoe aeiae e onoaiaaeeaaeenue ia aieaa aeaoo ?ac a oa/aiea nannee.
Ia?aoth nanneth Naeia ioe?uaae aeaaa ainoaea?noaa eee aeaaa i?aaeoaeuenoaa. Iinea yoiai nieea?noai ia?aaeaaaeinue naiiio noa?oaio ii aic?anoo aeaiooaoo. Caoai ana /eaiu Naeia i?eieiaee i?enyao. Ioeac io i?enyae aeae ca niaie oo?aoo iaiaeaoa aeaiooaoa. A i?iaeoa Caeiia ioia/aeinue, /oi Naei ecae?aao i?aaenaaeaoaey, aai caianoeoaeae, nae?aoa?ae, eioi?ua ninoaaeytho i?aceaeeoi Naeia, oi?ie?oao ia?eaiaioneea eiiennee. Aei i?eiyoey iinoiyiiiai ?aaeaiaioa Naei ?oeiaiaenoaoaony a?aiaiiui. Canaaeaiey Naeia auee ieaia?iuie. Canaaeaiea n/eoaeinue aeaenoaeoaeueiui i?e iaee/ee ia iaiaa iieiaeiu eca?aiiuo aeaiooaoia. ?aoaiey i?eieiaeenue i?inoui aieueoeinoaii aieinia i?enoonoaothueo, a eciaiaiey a Eiinoeoooeee – aieueoeinoaii aieinia io iauaai eiee/anoaa eca?aiiuo aeaiooaoia.
Ioeoeeaeueiui ycueii ?aaiou Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu e ae?oaeo ia?eaiaioneeo i?aaiia, eioi?ua ooieoeeiie?iaaee a iineaaeothuee ia?eiae eee aeieaeiu auee ooieoeeiie?iaaoue (ii i?iaeoai caeiiia), aue oe?aeineee. Ia yoii, a /anoiinoe, oeacuaaaony a i?eiyoii 15 oaa?aey 1919 aiaea a Caiaaeiioe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeea Caeiia ia oe?aeineii ycuea a ainoaea?noaaiiuo o/?aaeaeaieyo.
Iniiaiie oi?iie ?aaiou ia?eaiaioa AAe?, niaeanii Iaeaco Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai Ia?eaiaioa, oaeaea auea nanney. Canaaeaiey Ia?eaiaioa AAe?, ii onoaiiaeaiiiio ii?yaeeo, i?iaiaeeeenue aeaa ?aca a iaaeaeth, a iiiaaeaeueiee e /aoaa?a, e ia/eiaeenue a 11 /ania. A neo/aa iacia/aiey i?aaenaaeaoaeai /?acau/aeiiai canaaeaiey a eaeia-eeai eiia a?aiy, /eaiu ia?eaiaioa ecaauaeenue ia yoii caaeaaia?aiaiii.
A AAe?, niaeanii Iaeaco, eaaeaeue /eai ia?eaiaioa iiaeaaae aiein ca naay, o.a. iiaea/a aieinia ca ionoonoaothueo ia aeiioneaeanue. Ioe?uoay iiaea/a aieinia i?iecaiaeeeanue iin?aaenoaii anoaaaiey eee neaeaiey eee iiaeiyoeai ?oe. A neo/aa iayniinoe ?acoeueoaoia, I?aaenaaeaoaeue iia iiaoi?eoue aieiniaaiea. Iiaen/ao aieinia i?iecaiaeeeny eaanoi?ii e aai iiiiuieeii iiae iaaethaeaieai i?aaenaaeaoaey. A neo/ayo niiieoaeueiinoe ?acoeueoaoia aieiniaaiey, aieiniaaiea iiaei i?iaiaeeoueny iin?aaenoaii ?acaeaeaiey aieinothueo. Oaeie niinia i?eiaiyeny ii oniio?aieth i?aaenaaeaoaey eee ii eieoeeaoeaa eiai-eeai ec /eaiia ia?eaiaioa, anee ca iaai auneacuaaeinue ia iaiaa iyoiaaeoeaoe /aeiaae. I?e aieiniaaiee iin?aaenoaii ?acaeaeaiey aieinothueo /eaiu ia?eaiaioa, ioaa/athuea ia iinoaaeaiiue aii?in ooaa?aeeoaeueii, auoiaeeee ec caea canaaeaiey a iaeio aeaa?ue, a ioaa/athuea io?eoeaoaeueii – a ae?oaoth, eae i?aaeei, i?ioeaiiieiaeioth.
I?e ioe?uoii aieiniaaiee, i?iecaaaeaiiii iieiaiii, eaaeaeue /eai Ia?eaiaioa eiae i?aai ienueiaiii niiaueoue nae?aoa?th ia?eaiaioa naia iiaiea, ia noiaeiia n iinoaiiaeaieai aieueoeinoaa, n e?aoeie iioeae?iaeie. Ii eaaeaeiio aii?ino ia?aae ia/aeii aieiniaaiey ca iiaeienueth ia iaiaa iyoe /eaiia ia?eaiaioa iiaei auoue iiaeaii cayaeaiea n i?aaeeiaeaieai iieiaiiiai aieiniaaiey, eioi?ia inouanoaeyeinue iooai iiaea/e eiaiiuo caienie.
Cae?uoia aieiniaaiea iin?aaenoaii aaeeioe?iaee oa?aie eee iiaea/e caienie i?iecaiaeeeenue: i?e auai?ao aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe e /eaiia eiiennee, i?e ?ac?aoaiee aii?inia ia ioiaia auai?ia /eaiia ia?eaiaioa, a ?aaii i?e ?ac?aoaiee aii?inia aeaiaaeiuo anneaiiaaiee a iieueco eiai-eeai ec ninoaaa ia?eaiaioa. Iiaen/ao aieinia i?iecaiaeeeny iaiaaeeaiii ii ieii/aiee aieiniaaiey iaee/iuie oiaa?euaie nae?aoa?y ia?eaiaioa, i?e o/anoee iniai i?eaeaoaiiuo i?aaenaaeaoaeai /eaiia ia?eaiaioa. *eaiu ia?eaiaioa, aicaea?aeaaoeany io aieiniaaiey, i?eieiaeenue a ?an/ao i?e ii?aaeaeaiee caeiiiinoe iieiiii/ee ninoaaa nia?aiey.
I?aaenoaaeoaee anao o?aeoeee aunooiaee n aeaeea?aoeeyie, io?aaeaaoeie i?ia?aiio eo aoaeouae aeayoaeueiinoe a Ia?eaiaioa. Ianiio?y ia ?acii?a/eaua iiceoeee a ioiioaiee e ?acee/iui i?iaeaiai, aieueoeinoai ia?eaiaioneeo o?aeoeee auee aaeeiu a iaeiii: caueoa iacaaeneiinoe Aca?aaeaeaeaia, aai iaoeeiiaeueii-iieeoe/aneeo i?aa e onoaiiaeaiea aeaiie?aoe/aneiai no?iy a no?aia. I?e iaeaoaiee ia?eaiaioneie ieaooi?iu ia?oee i?aaenaaeaoaeue ia?oee I.y?anoe-caaea cayaee: 1.
Iiiaeanoai ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia, i?eiyouo a oi a?aiy Ia?eaiaioii AAe?, naeaeaoaeuenoaoao ia inouanoaeaiee ei naiae aeayoaeueiinoe ia no?iai i?aaiauo ia/aeao.
Ioeoeeaeueiui ycueii, eioi?ui iieueciaaeny Ia?eaiaio, yaeyeny aca?aaeaeaeaineee, eiaaoee noaoon ainoaea?noaaiiiai ycuea. Ana ioeoeeaeueiua aeieoiaiou ioi?ieyeenue ia ainoaea?noaaiiii ycuea. A iauyaeaiee eaioeaey?ee Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai Ia?eaiaioa, iioaeeeiaaiiii a aacaoa , anai o/?aaeaeaieyi e i?aaiecaoeeyi niiauaeinue, /oi anyeia ienueiaiiia ia?auaiea a Ia?eaiaio e a aai eaioeaey?eth aeieaeii auoue eceiaeaii oieueei ia ainoaea?noaaiiii ycuea, a aeieoiaiou, aae?aniaaiiua Ia?eaiaioo ia ia ainoaea?noaaiiii ycuea, aoaeoo inoaaeaiu aac iineaaenoaee2. Iinea i?aaeeiaeaiey i?aaenoaaeoaeae ae?oaeo iaoeee i naiai aunooieaiee a Ia?eaiaioa ia ?onneii ycuea, yoio aii?in aue iniai ianoaeaeai ia iaeiii ec canaaeaiee Ia?eaiaioa, e a nayce n yoei auei i?eiyoi niioaaonoaothuaa iinoaiiaeaiea, ii eioi?iio n/eoaeinue oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiui aunooieaiea i?aaenoaaeoaeae ae?oaeo iaoeee ia ?onneii ycuea.
Aeaaa 5.
OyoR-Ryya?. Ia ia?aii yoaia aaaeiia cia/aiea eiaea , ooaa?aeaeaiiay Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeie 24 ethiy 1917 aiaea1. Ii Eino?oeoeee, Eiienney aeieaeia auea ninoiyoue ec 100 /eaiia e oi?ie?iaaoueny ii i?eioeeio (i.2). A ninoaa Eiiennee ieaie?iaaeinue aeeth/eoue 71 oe?aeioea, 11 ?onneeo, 8 aa?aaa, 2 iaioeaa, 2 iieyeia, ii 1 aaei?ono, oaoa?eio, /aoo, a?aeo, iieaeaaaieio e aieaa?eio (i.3). Io Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu a Eiienneth auei aeeth/aii 30 i?aaenoaaeoaeae.
Ia ia?aii yoaia any caeiiioai?/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue i?ioiaeeea a aeaoo iai?aaeaieyo: ?aaioa iaae Eiinoeoooeeae e i?eiyoea oaeoueo caeiiia.
Iinea i?iaicaeaoaiey OI? ia/aeny iiaue yoai caeiiioai?/anoaa. 25 iiya?y, iaiin?aaenoaaiii ca niauoeyie a Iao?ia?aaea, Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea i?eieiaao Caeii ia eneeth/eoaeueiii i?aaa Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu ecaeaaaoue caeiiiaeaoaeueiua aeou OI?, a niioaaonoaee n eioi?ui , a 1.
Caeii ia i?ae?auae aeaenoaey oao aeoia ?inneeneiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, eioi?ua ia auee oi?acaeiaiu oieaa?naeaie, caeiiaie e iinoaiiaeaieyie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu e Aaia?aeueiiai Nae?aoa?eaoa. Iaeiaei ianoaiiaea o?aaiaaea nin?aaeioi/aiey oneeee aeanoe ia nicaeaiee nianoaaiiie i?aaiaie nenoaiu.
Iaeuecy ia ioiaoeoue aeinoaoi/ii aunieoth caeiiiaeaoaeueioth aeoeaiinoue Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu. Iniaaiii eioaineaiuie auee caeiiiaeaoaeueiua ?aaiou a iaeanoe ainoaea?noaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa. Iaeaieaa cia/eoaeueiui aeoii a yoie noa?a noae Caeii io 11 e 16 iiya?y 1917 aiaea, eioi?ue aeinoaoi/ii aeaoaeueii ?aaeaiaioe?iaae ii?yaeie i?aaiecaoeee e i?iaaaeaiey auai?ia. Iniaaiiinoueth Caeiia auei oi, /oi, iai?eia?, a ioee/ea io iuia aeaenoaothueo caeiiia i auai?ao ii onoaiaaeeaae nenoaio iaeacaiee ca i?aaiia?ooaiey a iaeanoe ecae?aoaeueiiai i?aaa2.
E?iia yoeo caeiiia, a iiya?a – aeaeaa?a 1917 aiaea Iaeay ?aaea i?eiyea: Caeii i auai?ao a O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea OI? (11-16 iiya?y), Caeii ia ion?i/ea io i?ecuaa ia aieineoth neoaeao e ioeiiaiaee?iaaieth n aiene a?aaeaeai OI? (14 iiya?y), Caeii ia aiienoee (19 iiya?y), Caeii i niaea?aeaiee Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu ca ainoaea?noaaiiue n/ao (25 iiya?y), Caeii i aa?aeneeo iauanoaaiiuo niaaoao (2 aeaeaa?y), Caeii ia ia?aciaaiee Aaia?aeueiiai noaea (2 aeaeaa?y), Caeii i oeieueiii i?aaeaiee (5 aeaeaa?y), Caeii i ainoaea?noaaiiuo n?aaenoaao OI? (9 aeaeaa?y), Caeii i Aeaaiie eacia (eacia/aenoaa) OI? (9 aeaeaa?y), Caeii ia Oe?aeineii ainoaea?noaaiiii aaiea (9 aeaeaa?y), Caeii i naoa?iie iiiiiieee (9 aeaeaa?y) e ae?.
A na?aaeeia aeaeaa?y 1917 aiaea caeii/eeny ie?iue yoai aeayoaeueiinoe Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu. Aeaa aa iineaaeiea nannee i?ioiaeeee a oneiaeyo a?aaeaeaineie aieiu. Ainueiay nanney i?iaiaeeea ?aaioo n 12 ii 18 aeaeaa?y, a aeaayoay – n 15 ii 25 yiaa?y 1918 aiaea. Iaeieie ec iineaaeieo caeiiia, i?eiyouo Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeie, auee: Caeii ia aiaeeyoeeiiiuo noaeao a OI? (17 aeaeaa?y), Caeii i i?ieo?i?neii iaaeci?a a OI? (23 aeaeaa?y), Caeii i ainueie/aniaii ?aai/ai aeia (25 yiaa?y).
Aaaeiia cia/aiea aeey ooaa?aeaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiinoe Oe?aeiu eiaei caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai i a?aaeaeainoaa. ?oeiaiaeeoaee Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu iiieiaee, /oi aic?iaeaeaiea iaoeeiiaeueiie ainoaea?noaaiiinoe iaaiciiaeii aac th?eaee/aneiai ii?aaeaeaiey noaoona a?aaeaeaieia Oe?aeiu. Iniaaiii aeooaeueii yoa i?iaeaia anoaea iinea i?iaicaeaoaiey IV Oieaa?naea.
2-4 ia?oa 1918 aiaea Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea i?eiyea aeaa eiinoeoooeeiiiuo aeoa – Caeii i a?aaeaeainoaa OI? e Caeii i ?aaeno?aoeee a?aaeaeainoaa OI?. A niioaaonoaee n Caeiiii i a?aaeaeainoaa OI? iiiyoea a?aaeaeainoaa aeeth/aei ainoaea?noaaiii-i?aaiaoth i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue eeoea e OI?, /oi i?aaeinoaaeyei aio i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe a?aaeaeaieia Oe?aeiu. Caeii cai?auae aeaieiia a?aaeaeainoai. Any iieiioa iieeoe/aneeo i?aa, a oii /enea aeoeaiia e ianneaiia ecae?aoaeueiia i?aai, i?aaeinoaaeyeanue eneeth/eoaeueii a?aaeaeaiai OI?.
Oe?aeineia a?aaeaeainoai i?aaeinoaaeyeinue anai, aei 2 ethey 1918 aiaea1. AEaeathuea aueoe ec a?aaeaeainoaa OI? ia i?ioyaeaiee ianyoea iinea yoie aeaou iiaee iiaeaoue niioaaonoaothuaa cayaeaiea aoaa?ineiio eee oacaeiiio noa?inoa. Yoei eeoeai auaeaaaeinue naeaeaoaeuenoai ia i?aai i?aauaaiey a Oe?aeia ia n?ie aei oanoe ianyoeaa. Oe?aeineei a?aaeaeaieiii n/eoaeny eaaeaeue, eoi ?iaeeeny ia aa oa??eoi?ee, aeaaea anee ii iinoiyiii iaoiaeeeny ca aa i?aaeaeaie, i?e oneiaee, /oi ii iiaeano cayaeaiea ia yoii aei 2yethey 1919 aiaea, a ianiaa?oaiiieaoiea – a oa/aiea aiaea iinea aeinoeaeaiey niaa?oaiiieaoey. Yoi ioiineeinue e e oai ethaeyi, eioi?ua naie eee eo ?iaeeoaee i?iaeeaaee a Oe?aeia, ii ai a?aiy ecaeaiey Caeiia i a?aaeaeainoaa iaoiaeeeenue ca a?aieoeae.
Ae?oaea eeoea i?eia?aoaee i?aai oe?aeineiai a?aaeaeainoaa ?iaeaeaieai io a?aaeaeai Oe?aeiu, a?aeii eiino?aiee n oe?aeineei a?aaeaeaieiii, onuiiaeaieai eiino?aioea aei 17 eao oe?aeineei a?aaeaeaieiii e iooai iaoo?aeecaoeee, i?e oneiaee, /oi i?aainiiniaiia e aeaaniiniaiia eeoei iaoiaeeony ia oa??eoi?ee Oe?aeiu ia i?ioyaeaiee o?ao eao e a ninoiyiee i?iei?ieoue naay e naith naiueth. Oe?aeineay a?aaeaeaiea oa?yea a?aaeaeainoai, eiaaea auoiaeeea caioae ca eiino?aioea, ii iiaea aa?iooue aai iinea ?acaiaea n ioaeai, aica?auaiey a Oe?aeio e i?aaenoaaeaiey cayaeaiey i naiai aeaeaiee aa?iooue a?aaeaeainoai. Aeaoe io oaeiai a?aea n/eoaeenue oe?aeioeaie, anee iinea ?acaiaea iie inoaaaeenue n iaoa?ueth.
Eiino?aioeu e eo ianiaa?oaiiieaoiea aeaoe, eioi?ua i?iaeeaaee a Oe?aeia, iiaee noaoue oe?aeineeie a?aaeaeaiaie ii cayaeaieth ?iaeeoaeae, anee iie iieo/aee caeanue aunoaa eee n?aaeiaa ia?aciaaiea e iiaeaaaee niioaaonoaothuaa i?ioaiea ia iicaeiaa aeaoo eao iinea yoiai eee ieacaee Oe?aeia cia/eoaeueiua oneoae. Oaeea cayaeaiey ?anniao?eaaeenue aaeieieno?aoeaiuie ioaeaeaieyie ie?oaeiuo noaeia. Iinoaiiaeaiea noaea i i?eciaiee i?ineoaey a?aaeaeaieiii OI? iai?aaeyeinue aoaa?ineiio noa?inoa. Iii iiaei auoue ii?ioanoiaaii aoaa?ineei noa?inoie e naiei i?ineoaeai a Aaia?aeueiue noae ia i?ioyaeaiee aeaoo iaaeaeue iinea aai auianaiey eee iieo/aiey eiiee iinoaiiaeaiey. Anee aeaeiaa a oeacaiiue n?ie ia auea iiaeaia, ie?oaeiie noae auaeaaae i?ineoaeth oaeinoiaa?aiea ia oe?aeineii a?aaeaeainoaa. Eeoea, eioi?ua iieo/aee oe?aeineia a?aaeaeainoai, i?eiineee i?enyao.
Oe?aeineee a?aaeaeaiei oa?ye a?aaeaeainoai, anee i?eieiae iiaeaeainoai ae?oaiai ainoaea?noaa. A neo/aa, eiaaea yoi i?ienoiaeeei aac ?ac?aoaiey, oaeiio eeoeo cai?auaeinue aica?auaoueny a OI?. Cayaeaiey ia io?a/aiee io a?aaeaeainoaa, eioi?ia ?ac?aoaeinue oieueei iinea o?ao eao i?aauaaiey a iai, ?anniao?eaaeenue oaeaea aaeieieno?aoeaiuie ioaeaeaieyie ie?oaeiuo noaeia. A i?ioaieyo oeacuaaeinue, a a?aaeaeainoai eee iiaeaeainoai eaeiai ainoaea?noaa ia?aoiaeeo i?ineoaeue e eaeia ioiioaiea ii eiaao e aieineie iaycaiiinoe. ?ac?aoaiea auaeaaaeinue oieueei iinea ioauoey aieineie iiaeiiinoe eee caeiiiiai inaiaiaeaeaiey io neoaeau. Ia ?ac?aoaeny auoiae ec oe?aeineiai a?aaeaeainoaa eeoeai, eiathuei aeieae ii iaeiaai. Eeoea, eioi?ua io?aeaeenue io a?aaeaeainoaa OI?, iiaee iiaeaoue i?ioaiea ii aica?auaiee a a?aaeaeainoai ia ?aiaa /ai /a?ac 5yeao eee n ?ac?aoaiey ?aaeu Ieieno?ia.
Caeii i a?aaeaeainoaa io 2-4 ia?oa 1918 aiaea aucaae ino?ua aeeneonnee e aeaaea aiciouaiea iaeioi?uo iieeoe/aneeo e?oaia e th?enoia. Anei?a auee i?aaeeiaeaiu aeaa aeueoa?iaoeaiuo i?iaeoa iiaiai caeiia i a?aaeaeainoaa, eioi?ua ?anniao?eaaeenue Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeie, ii i?eiyou ia auee.
Iaeioi?ua caeiiu, i?eiyoua Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeie, auee iai?aaeaiu ia iaania/aiea yeiiiie/aneie ?aoi?iu. I?aaeaea anaai, yoi A?aiaiiue caeii i auionea ainoaea?noaaiiuo e?aaeeoiuo aeeaoia OI? io 9 aeaeaa?y 1917 aiaea, a niioaaonoaee n eioi?ui , n/eoaeenue aeioiaeaie ainoaea?noaaiiie eaciu OI?. Aaia?aeueiue Nae?aoa?eao i?ecaae ianaeaiea naiaa?aiaiii ieaoeoue iaeiae, iiae/a?eeaay i?e yoii, /oi 1. Ia iaania/aiea yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee ainoaea?noaa aue iai?aaeai Caeii i naoa?iie iiiiiieee io 9 aeaeaa?y 1917 aiaea.
Naiaia?aciui eiaeaenii caeiiia i o?oaea noae Caeii io 25 yiaa?y 1918 aiaea, eioi?ue ia oieueei ii?aaeaeye i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ?aai/aai a?aiaie (48 /ania a iaaeaeth), ii e ?aaeaiaioe?iaae o?oae aeaiuei e ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo, naa?oo?i/iua ?aaiou e ae?.
Iuoaynue caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaiaaoue ii/oe ai anao io?aneyo i?aaa, Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea ia au?aaioaea /aoeie nenoaiu. I?e/ei oiio iiiai: iaaeinoaoie a?aiaie, ionoonoaea caeiiioai?/aneiai iiuoa, i?ioanneiiaeecia, iao/iie i?ia?aiiu caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo ?aaio. Io?eoeaoaeueii aeeyei ia aa aeayoaeueiinoue i?ioeainoiyiea ?acee/iuo iieeoe/aneeo nee, eaeaieiae/aneea i?eno?anoey ioaeaeueiuo iieeoeeia. A /anoiinoe, ia auea ?aoaia th?eaee/anee i?iaeaia i?aaa nianoaaiiinoe1, eioi?oth eaaeaeay ia?oey eniieueciaaea a naieo iieeoe/aneeo oeaeyo. Iaaaoeaii neacuaaeinue ia caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe e ionoonoaea i?ioeaaeo?u iiaeaioiaee e ooaa?aeaeaiey caeiiii?iaeoia.
*anoi Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea e Aaia?aeueiue Nae?aoa?eao caieiaeenue iaeieie e oaie aea aii?inaie, ii eioi?ui i?eieiaeenue iinoaiiaeaiey i?aaeoaeuenoaa eee caeiiu Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu. Oaeia iieiaeaiea iaaethaeaeinue ii/oe aei iineaaeieo aeiae nouanoaiaaiey Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu. Oieueei 20 ai?aey 1918 aiaea ia aa ?anniio?aiea aue iiaeai caeiiii?iaeo , eioi?ui i?aaeeaaaeinue ia?aciaaiea i?e Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaea iinoa Ainoaea?noaaiiiai Nae?aoa?y e nicaeaiea Ainoaea?noaaiiie Eaioeaey?ee 2. Ainoaea?noaaiiue Nae?aoa?ue aeieaeai aue iiaeienuaaoue ana caeiiu, aeou e iinoaiiaeaiey Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu, a Ainoaea?noaaiiay Eaioeaey?ey – caieiaoueny eiaeeoeeaoeeae caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa. Iaeiaei i?iaeo ia aue i?eiyo.
Aeieoiaiou Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu auoiaeeee a oi?ia oieaa?naeia, aeaeea?aoeee, iinoaiiaeaiee, ?aoaiee, ?aciethoeee e ia ia?aii yoaia caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe ?aaeei eiaiiaaeenue caeiiaie. Yoa oi?ia caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa iiyaeeanue ia aoi?ii yoaia caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu.
Ia caeiiioai?/aneie ?aaioa io?eoeaoaeueii neacuaaeinue ionoonoaea nia?aiaiiuo ia oio ia?eiae th?eaee/aneeo ecaeaiee. Oieueei 24 ai?aey 1918 aiaea Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea i?eiyea iinoaiiaeaiea, eioi?ui anneaiiaaea Ia?iaeiiio ieienoa?noao noaeaaiuo aeae 200 oun. ?oa. ia ninoaaeaiea e ecaeaiea neiaa?y oe?aeineie i?aaiaie oa?ieiieiaee, th?eaee/aneiai aeo?iaea e th?eaee/aneie eeoa?aoo?u 3.
Ii Eiinoeoooeee OI?, i?eiyoie 29 ai?aey 1918 aiaea, any iieiioa caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeanoe aeieaeia auea i?eiaaeeaaeaoue Anaia?iaeiiio Nia?aieth, eioi?ia oae e ia auei nicaaii.
?acthie?oy caeiiiaeaoaeueioth aeayoaeueiinoue Oe?aeineie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu, neaaeoao iiae/a?eiooue, /oi aieueoeinoai i?eiyouo caeiiia oae e ia noaee aeaenoaothueie.
I?e I. Nei?iiaaeneii caeiiiaeaoaeueiay aeanoue i?eiaaeeaaeaea aaoiaio, eioi?ue . io 29 ai?aey 1918 aiaea ia?eaiaio ia i?aaeoniao?eaaeny. Iaeiaei oco?iaoeey aaoiaiii caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo ooieoeee auea a?aiaiiie – 1. Iineieueeo Ainoaea?noaaiiue Naei ia aue eca?ai, iiaeii eeoue aeiaaaeuaaoueny, eae i?aeoe/anee i?iecioei au ?acaeaeaiea iieiiii/ee iaaeaeo aaoayie aeanoe e niioaaonoaothueie i?aaiaie.
Ia i?aeoeea i?e I. Nei?iiaaeneii ia?eaiaioneea ooieoeee nin?aaeioi/eaaeenue a ?oeao aaoiaia e ?aaeu Ieieno?ia. *aoeiai ?aciaaeaaaiey iaaeaeo nianoaaiii caeiiaie e iiaecaeiiiuie ii?iaoeaiuie aeoaie ia nouanoaiaaei. *anoi neeie caeiia iaaeaeyeenue iinoaiiaeaiey, ?anii?yaeaiey e aeaaea iiyniaiey ioaeaeueiuo ieieno?ia. Ca ainaiue iaiieiuo ianyoeaa ooieoeeiie?iaaiey aaoiaineiai ?aaeeia auei ecaeaii aieaa iyoenio aeieoiaioia, eioi?ua n/eoaeenue caeiiaie.
Cia/eoaeueioth ?ieue a caeiiioai?/aneii i?ioeanna ea?aea Ainoaea?noaaiiay eaioeaey?ey, a ninoaa eioi?ie aoiaeeee ainoaea?noaaiiue nae?aoa?ue, aai oiaa?eue, th?eaee/aneee niaao, aeaia?oaiaio caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeae, a?oea, aeaeeioaea, ioaeae eiaeeoeeaoeee caeiiia, aeaia?oaiaio iaueo aeae, nae?aoa?eao ?aaeu Ieieno?ia e ainoaea?noaaiiay oeiia?aoey.
A eiiiaoaioeeth Ainoaea?noaaiiie eaioeaey?ee aoiaeeei ?oeiaiaenoai ?ac?aaioeie e aianaieai ia ?anniio?aiea i?iaeoia caeiiia e ?anii?yaeaiee, oaeinoiaa?aiea naiae iiaeienueth aeieoiaioia, iaeia?aiiuo ?aaeie Ieieno?ia e ooaa?aeaeaiiuo aaoiaiii, aianaiea a i?aaeoaeuenoai caeiiii?iaeoia, ?ac?aaioaiiuo ioaeaeueiuie ieienoa?noaaie, i?aaenoaaeaiea aeieoiaioia ?aaeu Ieieno?ia ia ooaa?aeaeaiea aaoiaio, ?oeiaiaenoai eiaeeoeeaoeeae caeiiia e ecaeaiea eo nai?ieea, iaeaoaiea caeiiia, iauaa oi?aaeaiea aeaeaie i?aaeoaeuenoaa.
Aeaia?oaiaio caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeae ?ac?aaaouaae i?iaeou caeiiia e ae?oaeo ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia, a th?eaee/aneee niaao aeaaae ii iei naie caeeth/aiey. I?e aeaia?oaiaioa iaoiaeeeanue oa?ieiieiae/aneay eiienney, eioi?ay ?ac?aaaouaaea oe?aeineoth i?aaiaoth oa?ieiieiaeth, ?aaeaeoe?iaaea i?iaeou ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia.
Naiinoiyoaeueii nouanoaiaae ioaeae eiaeeoeeaoeee caeiiia, a eioi?ue aoiaeeee eiaeeoeeaoi?u e eaioeaey?ey. Ioaeae aiinee i?aaeeiaeaiey ii eciaiaieth nouanoaothueo caeiiia, a iinea niioaaonoaothuaai ?aoaiey i?aaeoaeuenoaa ii?o/ae aeaia?oaiaioo caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeae ?ac?aaaouaaoue oio eee eiie caeiiii?iaeo.
I?iaeou caeiiia aiineeenue a ?aaeo Ieieno?ia /a?ac Ainoaea?noaaiioth eaioeaey?eth a aeaaaeoeaoe yecaiiey?ao. Iaeioi?ua caeiiii?iaeou iiaee aiineoueny ia ?anniio?aiea ?aaeu Ieieno?ia iaiin?aaenoaaiii ieieno?aie. I?eieiaeenue caeiiu aieueoeinoaii aieinia. Oiae ianoaeaeaiey caeiiii?iaeoia oeene?iaaeny a niaoeeaeueiii aeo?iaea, eioi?ue iiaeienuaaeny anaie o/anoieeaie canaaeaiey. Ainoaea?noaaiiay eaioeaey?ey o/eouaaea iiaeaeaiey, auneacaiiua i?e ?anniio?aiee ii?iaoeaiiai aeoa e caoeene?iaaiiua a aeo?iaea, aiineea iii?aaee a oaeno e i?aaenoaaeyea caeiiii?iaeo ia iiaeienue i?aaenaaeaoaey i?aaeoaeuenoaa e oiio ieieno?o, eioi?ue aai aiinee. Caeiiii ii?iaoeaiue aeo noaiiaeeny oieueei iinea ooaa?aeaeaiey aai aaoiaiii.
I?eoiae e aeanoe Aee?aeoi?ee icia/ae nin?aaeioi/aiea caeiiiaeaoaeueiie ooieoeee a ?aieao eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe. Caeiiiaeaoaeueiay aeanoue i?eiaaeeaaeaea Aee?aeoi?ee e Niaaoo Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia. Iaia?aiey Aee?aeoi?ee iino?ieoue aeaiie?aoe/aneia ia?eaiaioneia ainoaea?noai a Oe?aeia iaoei io?aaeaiea a nicaeaiee i?aaeia?eaiaioa – Eiia?anna o?oaeiaiai ia?iaea, eioi?ue ioe?ueny a Eeaaa a eiioea yiaa?y 1919 aiaea. Eiia?ann i?aaeoniao?eaaeny eae
. Ii ieii/aiee aieiu i?aaeiieaaaeinue caiaieoue i?aaeia?eaiaio iinoiyiiui i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaii o?oaeiaiai ia?iaea – O/?aaeeoaeueiui Nia?aieai OI?. Eiia?anno o?oaeiaiai ia?iaea i?aeoe/anee ia oaeaeinue inouanoaeoue caeiiiaeaoaeueioth ooieoeeth, iineieueeo anei?a ii niiaa aica?aoee aa Aee?aeoi?ee.
Iinea aaaonoianeie (1919 aiaea) Aeaeea?aoeee Aee?aeoi?ee ia ia?aue ieai niiaa auoiaeeo eaeay nei?aeoaai nicuaa ia?eaiaioa, eioi?ay iaoea io?aaeaiea a ia?auaiee . A iai i?aaeoniao?eaaeinue, /oi i?aaeoaeuenoai i?e ia?aie aea aiciiaeiinoe . Iaeiaei iieeoe/aneay neooaoeey, i?iaeieaeaiea aieiu ia iicaieeee inouanoaeoue yoo eaeath.
A Caiaaeiioe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeea any iieiioa caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeanoe i?eiaaeeaaeaea Oe?aeineie Iaoeeiiaeueiie ?aaea. A niioaaonoaee n Caeiiii COI? io 16 iiya?y 1918 aiaea inoaaaeinue aeaenoaothuei i?aaeuaeouaa aano?eeneia caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai a oie /anoe, a eioi?ie iii ia i?ioeai?a/eei eioa?anai e oeaeyi Oe?aeineiai ainoaea?noaa. Yoi iauyniyeinue oai, /oi ca ei?ioeia a?aiy iaaiciiaeii auei nicaeaoue iiaoth nenoaio caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa. ?aaiethoeeiiiay aeanoue auioaeaeaia auea inoaaeyoue noa?ua caeiiu, eioi?ua iiaeeaaeaee iinoaiaiiiio eciaiaieth eee caiaia.
Ii i?iaeoo Eiinoeoooeee COI?, iiaeaioiaeaiiiio ii caeaco i?aaeoaeuenoaa a eiioea 1920 aiaea auaeathueiny th?enoii N. Aeieno?yineei, caeiiiaeaoaeueiay ooieoeey aeieaeia auea i?eiaaeeaaeaoue Ia?iaeiie iaeaoa.
Iinea ia?aoiaea a ethia 1919 aiaea anae iieiiou aeanoe e aeeeoaoi?o A. Iao?ooaae/o Oe?aeineay Iaoeeiiaeueiay ?aaea i?ae?auaao naia nouanoaiaaiea. Iaoeeiiaeueii-aeaiie?aoe/aneea neeu nicaeaee iiaoth iauanoaaiii-iieeoe/aneoth i?aaiecaoeeth – Anaoe?aeineoth Iaoeeiiaeueioth ?aaeo (AI?), iniiaiie caaea/ae eioi?ie auea ai?ueaa ca aeaiie?aoe/aneoth Oe?aeio. Aoaeouoth Oe?aeio aa /eaiu aeaeaee a aeaea naiinoiyoaeueiie, iacaaeneiie, aeaiie?aoe/aneie ?anioaeeee ia?eaiaioneiai oeia. Iniiaiua eaeae ainoaea?noaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa auee eceiaeaiu a i?iaeoa , iiaeaioiaeaiiiai /eaiaie AI? a iaa 1920 aiaea, e a ia?aaioeao Eiinoeoooeeiiiie eiiennee A. Ieeianeiai.
Caeiiiaeaoaeueiua ooieoeee Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai Ia?eaiaioa auee ii?aaeaeaiu aieaa /aoei. I ?aciaoa aai aeayoaeueiinoe naeaeaoaeuenoaotho neaaeothuea aeaiiua: a oa/aiea 17 ianyoeaa ?aaiou Ia?eaiaioa auei i?iaaaeaii ieiei 140 iaueo canaaeaiee; 13 ec 110 canaaeaiee, i?iaaaeaiiuo ca ia?eiae aei eiioea 1919 aiaea, ia ninoiyeenue ec-ca ionoonoaey eai?oia; /aou?a canaaeaiey auee oi?aeanoaaiiuie e thaeeaeiuie (iinayuaeenue aiaeiaueia iacaaeneiinoe Aca?aaeaeaeaia, aiaeiaueia inaiaiaeaeaiey Aaeo, aoi?ie aiaeiaueia Oaa?aeueneie ?aaiethoeee e aiaeiaueia i?aaiecaoeee Ia?eaiaioa); iaeii /?acau/aeiia canaaeaiea auei iinayuaii ia/aeo aieiu iaaeaeo A?oceae e A?iaieae; aua iaeii canaaeaiea auei i?iaaaeaii a oi?aeanoaaiiie ianoaiiaea e iinayuaeinue caeeth/aieth aiaiiiai nithca iaaeaeo Aca?aaeaeaeaiii e A?oceae; inoaeueiua canaaeaiey auee iau/iuie.
Ca oeacaiiue ia?eiae a Ia?eaiaio auei aianaii 315 caeiiii?iaeoia, ec ieo 10-12 auee ioeeiiaiu eee aea inoaeenue a eiienneyo ia noaaeee ianoaeaeaiey; ec caeiiii?iaeoia 82 auee i?aaenoaaeaiu Ieienoa?noaii oeiainia, 32 – Ieienoa?noaii thnoeoeee, 24 – Ieienoa?noaii aioo?aiieo aeae, 19 – Ieienoa?noaii ia?iaeiiai i?inaauaiey, 12 – Ieienoa?noaii caieaaeaeey, 10 – Ieienoa?noaii i?ec?aiey, 9 – Aiaiiui ieienoa?noaii.
AAe?, ia?aciaaiiay a ia?eiae aia?oee e aiaiii-iieeoe/aneeo iio?ynaiee, eae e ana iiaua ainoaea?noaa, auioaeaeaia auea eniieueciaaoue noa?ua caeiiu, iineieueeo nicaeaiea caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeoia, ?aaoee?othueo ana noi?iiu ainoaea?noaaiiie aeecie, o?aaiaaei ii?aaeaeaiiiai a?aiaie. Ia?eaiaio a ia/aea inouanoaeaiey naiae aeayoaeueiinoe inoaaee a neea iinoaiiaeaiea I?aaeoaeuenoaa io 23 ethiy 1918 aiaea i nio?aiaiee aeaenoaey noa?uo caeiiia aei eo ioiaiu eee eciaiaiey.
Aeeeoaeueiia a?aiy a enoi?eei-i?aaiauo enneaaeiaaieyo ooaa?aeaeaeinue, aoaeoi au Ia?eaiaio Aca?aaeaeaeaia a caeiiioai?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe ia?aie/eaaeny oieueei aianaieai ioaeaeueiuo aeiiieiaiee e eciaiaiee a caeiiu oea?neie ?innee e ia i?eiye eaeiai-ieaoaeue iieaciiai caeiia1. A yoie nayce iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue, /oi niaeanii Iinoaiiaeaieth i nio?aiaiee neeu noa?uo caeiiia iineaaeiea inoaaaeenue a neea aei ioiaiu eo iiauie caeiiaie eee aianaiey a ieo a ii?aaeaeaiiii ii?yaeea aeiiieiaiee e eciaiaiee. A?oeaiua iaoa?eaeu naeaeaoaeuenoaotho, /oi caeiiioai?/anoai Ia?eaiaioa aaeinue ii aeaoi iniiaiui iai?aaeaieyi – i?eiyoea iiauo e i?eaaaeaiea a niioaaonoaea n ianoiuie oneiaeyie noa?uo caeiiia, ioaa/athueo o?aaiaaieyi a?aiaie.
Ia?eaiaio AAe? i?eiye ?yae caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeoia, iicaieythueo aeaiie?aoece?iaaoue aioo?aiithth aeeciue ?anioaeeee. Ooaa?aeaeaiea I. ?anoe-caaea ia canaaeaiee 26 aeaeaa?y 1918 aiaea i oii, /oi 2, e?aniie ieoueth i?ioiaeeo /a?ac anth caeiiioai?/aneoth aeayoaeueiinoue Ia?eaiaioa.
N?aaee caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeoia ia?iiiia cia/aiea eiae i?eiyoue Ia?eaiaioii AAe? Caeii i a?aaeaeainoaa Aca?aaeaeaeaia1 io 11yaaaonoa 1919 aiaea. Aeey anaai ianaeaiey ?anioaeeee onoaiaaeeaaeinue aaeeiia caaiea – a?aaeaeaiei Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeee. Yoei caeiiii ii?aaeaeyeenue iniiau onoaiiaeaiey, i?eia?aoaiey e oo?aou a?aaeaeainoaa. Ana iiaeaeaiiua auaoae ?inneeneie eiia?ee, naie eee ?iaeeoaee eioi?uo ?iaeeeenue ia oa??eoi?ee Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeee, iacaaeneii io iaoeeiiaeueiinoe e aa?ieniiaaaeaiey n/eoaeenue a?aaeaeaiaie Aca?aaeaeaeaia. Anee oeacaiiua eeoea ia aeaeaee noaoue a?aaeaeaiaie Aca?aaeaeaeaia, oi iie iaycaiu auee iiaeaoue a o?aoiany/iue n?ie cayaeaiea ia yoii a i?aaiu aeanoe. Anee iie neoaeeee ia aiaiiie neoaeaa eee auee inaiaiaeaeaiu io ianaiey aieineie iaycaiiinoe, oi aeeth/aeenue a nienie eiino?aioeaa e ei auaeaaaeinue naeaeaoaeuenoai, iiaeoaa?aeaeathuaa eo i?aai i?iaeeaaiey a Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeea ia n?ie aei oanoe ianyoeaa.
Ii caeiio, a?aaeaeainoai Aca?aaeaeaeaia aaoiiaoe/anee i?eia?aoaeinue ia neaaeothueo iniiaaieyo:
a) ?iaeaeaieai io aca?aaeaeaeaineeo a?aaeaeai;
a) auoiaeii caioae eiino?aiee ca aca?aaeaeaeaineiai a?aaeaeaieia;
a) onuiiaeaieai eiino?aioea aei naiiaaeoeaoe eao aca?aaeaeaeaineei a?aaeaeaieiii.
I?aai aca?aaeaeaeaineiai a?aaeaeainoaa iiaei auoue oaeaea i?aaeinoaaeaii:
a) aca?aaeaeaeaineie a?aaeaeaiea, auoaaeoae caioae ca eiino?aioea a neo/aa i?ae?auaiey a?aea;
a) aeaoyi aei naiiaaeoeaoe eao, ?iaeeaoeiny io a?aea aca?aaeaeaeaineie a?aaeaeaiee n eiino?aioeai;
a) eiino?aioeai, ieacaaoei Aca?aaeaeaeaio iniaua oneoae eee ecaanoiuo naieie oaeaioaie, o/aiuie iiciaieyie e i?., a neo/aa, anee iie iinaeyony a Aca?aaeaeaeaia;
a) eiino?aioeai, ninoiyuei a Aca?aaeaeaeaia ia aiaiiie e a?aaeaeaineie neoaeaa, eca?aiiui a iauanoaaiiua i?aaiecaoeee;
ae) eiino?aioeai, eiaaoei iinoiyiiia ianoiaeeoaeuenoai a Aca?aaeaeaeaia i?e oneiaeyo:
– anee iie iaeaaeatho i?aai- e aeaaniiniaiinoueth;
– anee iie iaeaaeatho noaeaaiie e i?aanoaaiiie iaiii?i/aiiinoueth;
– anee iie eiatho aiciiaeiinoue nianoaaiiuie n?aaenoaaie eee o?oaeii niaea?aeaoue naay e naith naiueth.
Caeiiii onoaiiaeaii aaeeiia iniiaaiea aeey oo?aou a?aaeaeainoaa – i?eiyoea a?aaeaeaieiii iiaeaeainoaa eee a?aaeaeainoaa ae?oaiai ainoaea?noaa. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, Caeii cai?auae aeaieiia a?aaeaeainoai.
Caeii oaeaea ii?aaeaeye i?aaiu, eioi?ua aeieaeiu auee ?aoaoue aii?inu a?aaeaeainoaa, a oaeaea ii?yaeie ?aoaiey aicieeathueo i?e yoii nii?iuo aii?inia.

Aaaeiaeoei oaaii aeey ?aaeueiiai iaania/aiey iieeoe/aneeo naiaiae a AAe? yaeeinue i?eiyoea 30 ieoya?y 1919 aiaea Onoaaa i ia/aoe1, cae?aieythuaai naiaiaeo ia/aoe. Onoaa i?aaenoaaeyao aua iaeii naeaeaoaeuenoai aeaiie?aoe/iinoe nouanoaiaaaoaai a AAe? ainoaea?noaaiiiai no?iy. Niaeanii Onoaao, iai?eia?, ia o?aaiaaeinue ieeaeeo ?ac?aoaiee ni noi?iiu ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe ia ioe?uoea oeiia?aoee, eeoia?aoee, iaoaeeia?aoee e ae?oaeo caaaaeaiee yoiai ?iaea aeey oeniaiey, ia ia/aoaiea, auione ec oeiia?aoee e i?iaeaaeo i?iecaaaeaiee ia/aoe, ioaee/iia i?aaenoaaeaiea ae?aiaoe/aneeo i?iecaaaeaiee, a ?aaii ia ioe?uoea eaaeiaoia aeey /oaiey. Aeey inouanoaeaiey iauaai ?oeiaiaenoaa iaae ia/aoiui aeaeii i?e Oi?aaeaiee aeaeaie i?aaeoaeuenoaa auea o/?aaeaeaia aeieaeiinoue Aeaaiiai einiaeoi?a ii aeaeai ia/aoe. Aeey auionea ia?eiaee/aneeo ecaeaiee, a oaeaea aeey ioe?uoey oeiia?aoee aeinoaoi/ii auei cayaeaiey ia eiy Aeaaiiai oiieiiii/aiiiai ii aeaeai ia/aoe ni noi?iiu eeoea, i?aneaaeothuaai oaeoth oeaeue.
Eeeaeaee?iaaeanue oeaico?a iaae ia/aoiie i?iaeoeoeeae. Ia/aoiue i?aai iia auoue i?eaea/ai e ioaaonoaaiiinoe oieueei a noaeaaiii ii?yaeea, i?e oi/iii caeiiiii iainiiaaiee e oieueei a neo/aa niaa?oaiey i?anooieaiee, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo a aeaenoaothueo oaieiaiuo caeiiao. Ia?u ioaaonoaaiiinoe e iaoaieci i?eaea/aiey e ioaaonoaaiiinoe oi/ii onoaiaaeeaaeenue Onoaaii. Oaeei ia?acii, Onoaa i ia/aoe iieiinoueth iaania/eaae naiaiaeo ia/aoe: ii eneeth/ae aiciiaeiinoue iaeiaeaiey aaeieieno?aoeaiuo iaeacaiee ia ia/aoue e ocaeiieaae ii?iaeueiue noaeaaiue ii?yaeie oaieiaiiai i?aneaaeiaaiey ii ioiioaieth e ia/aoe. H. Ha?eiaiia, aeieeaaeuaaaoee a Iineaa i neooaoeee a Aca?aaeaeaeaia, iacaae Onoaa i ia/aoe 2.
?aaeueiia iaania/aiea naiaiaeu ia/aoe a Aca?aaeaeaeaineie Aeaiie?aoe/aneie ?anioaeeea iaeaieaa i/aaeaeii iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony oai oaeoii, /oi a 1919 aiaeo a Aca?aaeaeaeaia ecaeaaaeinue 89 iaeiaiiaaiee ia/aoiie i?iaeoeoeee (aacao e aeo?iaeia). Ec ieo 39 ia/aoaeenue ia aca?aaeaeaeaineii ycuea, 44 – ia ?onneii ycuea e 6 – ia ae?oaeo ycueao1.
Caeiiu ia aiienoee, i?eiyoua Ia?eaiaioii AAe?, auee i?iyaeaieai i?eioeeia aoiaiecia a aai aeayoaeueiinoe. Ha iniiaa caeiiii?iaeoa, iiaeaioiaeaiiiai Eiienneae ii aiienoee, i?aaieciaaiiie aua ia ia?aii o/?aaeeoaeueiii canaaeaiee Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai Ia?eaiaioa 8 yiaa?y 1919 aiaea, auea iauyaeaia iieeoe/aneay aiienoey2. Aoi?ay aiienoey auea iauyaeaia a nayce n iieooi?aaiaee/iui thaeeaai ia?aciaaiey ?anioaeeee3, a o?aouey – n iaaeaeoia?iaeiui i?eciaieai Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeee4. Iineaaeiea aeaa aiienoee ?ani?ino?aiyeenue oaeaea ia eiino?aioeaa.
Ooaa?aeaeaiea e ?anoiae ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa ioiineeenue e eiiiaoaioeee Ia?eaiaioa e ii yoie i?e/eia aieueoay /anoue i?eiyouo caeiiia e iinoaiiaeaiee auea iinayuaia oeiainiaui aii?inai.
Aeiaiai?u Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeee n ae?oaeie ainoaea?noaaie oaeaea anooiaee a neeo iinea ooaa?aeaeaiey Ia?eaiaioa. Hai?eia?, 27 ethey 1919 aiaea Ia?eaiaio aaeeiiaeanii ooaa?aeee Aeiaiai? i niaianoiie caueoa i?aa e oa??eoi?eaeueiie oeaeinoiinoe ?anioaeee, caeeth/aiiue iaaeaeo Aca?aaeaeaeaiii e A?oceae5.
5.2. Caeiiiaeaoaeueiay i?ioeaaeo?a. Oi?ia ia?eaiaioneeo aeoia
Caeiiiaeaoaeueiay i?ioeaaeo?a auea oie oi?iie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuo i?aaiia, eioi?ay nicaeaaaeanue eo iianaaeiaaiie ?aaioie a noa?a caeiiioai?/anoaa.
Noauaeou i?aaa caeiiiaeaoaeueiie eieoeeaoeau a Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaea ia auee /aoei ii?aaeaeaiu: aai eiaee o?aeoeee, a?oiiu aeaiooaoia, a?oiiu a?aaeaeai e o.ae. Iinea i?eiyoey Eiinoeoooeee OI? yoi i?aai auei i?aaeinoaaeaii i?aceaeeoio Anaia?iaeiiai nia?aiey, o?aeoeeyi, ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiui Nia?aieai, a?oiiai aeaiooaoia /eneaiiinoueth ia iaiaa 30 /aeiaae, ?aaea ia?iaeiuo ieieno?ia, i?aaiai naiioi?aaeaiey, eioi?ua iauaaeeiyee 100 oun. ecae?aoaeae e aieaa e oaeei aea ii eiee/anoao a?oiiai a?aaeaeai, iiaeiene eioi?uo iiaeoaa?aeaeaiu noaeaie (no. 39).
Eae i?aaeei, i?iaeou caeiiia ?anniao?eaaeenue ia?eaiaioneeie eiienneyie, /oi e auei aiineaaenoaee caoeene?iaaii a Eiinoeoooeee OI? (no. 40). Iinea aeaoaeueiiai ?anniio?aiey eiienney i?aaenoaaeyea caeiiii?iaeo Anaia?iaeiiio nia?aieth. Anee caeiiii?iaeo ioeeiiyeny, oi ii iia auoue auianai ia ?anniio?aiea neaaeothuae nannee. I?eiyoua caeiiu e iinoaiiaeaiey aeieaeiu auee ia/aoaoueny a aeaea auienie ec i?ioieieia canaaeaiee nia?aiey ca iiaeienueth I?aaenaaeaoaey eee aai oiaa?eua e iaeiiai ec nae?aoa?ae Anaia?iaeiiai nia?aiey. Caeiiii?iaeo anooiae a neeo iinea iieo/aiey aai a ianoiuo o/?aaeaeaieyo, anee eiia ia ii?aaeaeyeinue a naiii ii?iaoeaiii aeoa.
Iaoaieci i?ioiaeaeaiey caeiiii?iaeoia a Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaea aue aeinoaoi/ii i?inoui. Iniaiai ii?yaeea eo aianaiey e iiaeaioiaee ia i?ioyaeaiee ii/oe anaai nouanoaiaaiey Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu ia nouanoaiaaei. Oieueei a ai?aea 1918 aiaea Aaia?aeueiue Nae?aoa?eao a ii?aaeaeaiiie noaiaie oii?yaei/ee aai. Caeiiii?iaeo aeieaeai aue i?aaenoaaeyoueny a eaioeaey?eth ca 2-3 aeiy aei ia/aea canaaeaiey, ia eioi?ii ii aeieaeai aue ?anniao?eaaoueny. Anee aii?in eanaeny oeiainiauo aeae, oi niioaaonoaothuea i?iaeou i?aaeaa?eoaeueii niaeaniauaaeenue n Ieienoa?noaii oeiainia e ainoaea?noaaiiui eiio?iea?ii. Eaaeaeue i?iaeo aeieaeai aue niaea?aeaoue nnueee ia aeaenoaothuaa caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai, a oaeaea niia?aaeaiey ?oeiaiaeeoaeae ieienoa?noaa ii oi?acaeiaieth eee eciaiaieth noa?uo caeiiia. Caeiiii?iaeou oe?aaee?iaaeenue a eiee/anoaa 20 yecaiiey?ia a neo/aa i?aaenoaaeaiey a ?aaeo Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia e 50 yecaiiey?ia, eiaaea i?aaeinoaaeyeenue a Oeaio?aeueioth ?aaeo.
Ia/aoaeenue caeiiu Oe?aeineie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu a aacaoa (ai?aeue – iiya?ue 1917 a.), caoai – a (yiaa?ue – iae 1918 a.). Iiaeienuaae caeiiu i?aaenaaeaoaeue Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu eee iaeei ec aai oiaa?euae eee caianoeoaeae e iaeei ec nae?aoa?ae ?aaeu. Ooaa?aeaeae iiaeiene aaia?aeueiue iena?ue eee oio, eoi eniieiye aai iaycaiiinoe.
Aieaa ?acaeoie caeiiiaeaoaeueiay i?ioeaaeo?a auea a Oe?aeineie aea?aeaaa I. Nei?iiaaeneiai. I?ioeaaeo?a i?eiyoey caeiiia auea caoeene?iaaia a io 29 ai?aey 1918 aiaea. A niioaaonoaee n yoei aeoii caeiiii?iaeou ?ac?aaaouaaeenue a niioaaonoaothueo ieienoa?noaao n iineaaeothuei ?anniio?aieai eo ia canaaeaieyo ?aaeu Ieieno?ia, a iinea eo ooaa?aeaeaiey caeiiii?iaeo ia?aaeaaaeny ia iiaeienue aaoiaio. Anee ii?iaoeaiua aeou eiaee iaaeaaaeiinoaaiiue oa?aeoa?, oi ?aaea Ieieno?ia ianoaeaeaea eo oieueei iinea niaeaniaaiey a niioaaonoaothueo ieienoa?noaao.
Ia?iiiith ?ieue a caeiiioai?/aneii i?ioeanna ea?aea ainoaea?noaaiiay eaioeaey?ey, a eioi?oth aoiaeeee ainoaea?noaaiiue nae?aoa?ue, aai oiaa?eu, th?eaee/aneee niaao, aeaia?oaiaio caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeae, oa?ieiieiae/aneay eiienney, a?oea, aeaeeioaea, ioaeae eiaeeoeeaoeee caeiiia, aeaia?oaiaio iaueo aeae, nae?aoa?eao ?aaeu Ieieno?ia e ainoaea?noaaiiay oeiia?aoey. Aieueooth /anoue caeiiioai?/aneie ?aaiou auiieiye aeaia?oaiaio caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeae, eioi?ue ?anniao?eaae ii?iaoeaiua aeou ieienoa?noa, aeaaae caeeth/aiey ii iei, ninoaaeye ?acee/iua ni?aaee ii th?eaee/aneei aii?inai, nai?ieee caeiiia, aae aeaeii?iecaiaenoai eaioeaey?ee e th?eaee/aneiai niaaoa. A oa?ieiieiae/aneoth eiienneth aoiaeeee ciaoiee oe?aeineiai ycuea, eioi?ua ?ac?aaaouaaee i?aaiaoth oa?ieiieiaeth e ?aaeaeoe?iaaee ii?iaoeaiua aeou.
Ioaeae eiaeeoeeaoeee caeiiia aiinee i?aaeeiaeaiey ii eciaiaieth nouanoaothueo caeiiia, a iinea niioaaonoaothuaai ?aoaiey i?aaeoaeuenoaa aeaaae ii?o/aiea aeaia?oaiaioo caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeae ?ac?aaaouaaoue caeiiii?iaeo. Iinea ninoaaeaiey caeiiii?iaeoa ainoaea?noaaiiay eaioeaey?ey aiineea aai ia ?anniio?aiea a ?aaeo Ieieno?ia. Caeiiii?iaeo a eiee/anoaa 20 yecaiiey?ia iiaeienuaaeny ieieno?ii e aee?aeoi?ii aeaia?oaiaioa ieienoa?noaa. I?eieiaeenue caeiiu i?inoui aieueoeinoaii aieinia, a i?e eo ?aaainoaa ?aoathuei aue aiein i?aaenaaeaoaey.
Anee a caeiia ?a/ue oea i auaeaeaiee n?aaenoa, ii aece?iaaeny ieieno?ii oeiainia. Oiae ianoaeaeaiey caeiiii?iaeoia oeene?iaaeny a niaoeeaeueiii aeo?iaea, eioi?ue iaycaiu auee iiaeienaoue a oa/aiea nooie ana o/anoieee canaaeaiey. Ainoaea?noaaiiay eaioeaey?ey o/eouaaea iiaeaeaiey, auneacaiiua i?e ?anniio?aiee aeoa, aiineea iii?aaee e oaenoo e i?aaenoaaeyea caeiiii?iaeo ia iiaeienue aeaaa i?aaeoaeuenoaa eee oiio ieieno?o, eioi?ue aiinee aai a ?aaeo Ieieno?ia. Caeiiii ii?iaoeaiue aeo noaiiaeeny oieueei iinea nianoaaiii?o/iiai ooaa?aeaeaiey aai aaoiaiii. Iaia?iaeiaaiea caeiiia inouanoaeyeinue ainoaea?noaaiiie eaioeaey?eae /a?ac .
A Oe?aeineie aea?aeaaa ia auei ?aca?aie/aiey iaaeaeo caeiiaie e iiaecaeiiiuie aeoaie. Aieaa oiai, /anoi neeie caeiia iaaeaeyeenue iinoaiiaeaiey, ?anii?yaeaiey e aeaaea ioaeaeueiua iiyniaiey ieieno?ia. Ionoonoaea /aoeiai ?aciaaeaaaiey iaaeaeo caeiiaie e ae?oaeie ii?iaoeaiuie aeoaie i?eaiaeeei e oiio, /oi caeiiaie n/eoaeenue ethaua iinoaiiaeaiey oeaio?aeueiie aeanoe. Iai?eia?, a ethia 1918 aiaea ?aaea Ieieno?ia e aaoiai ooaa?aeeee Caeii ia ecaioiaeaiee e i?iaeaaea ea?aeueiuo ea?o. Yoi i?aai i?eiaaeeaaeaei eneeth/eoaeueii ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe, a ?oeiaiaenoai aiceaaaeinue ia ieienoa?noai oeiainia.
Ia auea /aoei ii?aaeaeaia caeiiiaeaoaeueiay i?ioeaaeo?a i?e Aee?aeoi?ee. 14 oaa?aey 1919 aiaea Aee?aeoi?ey ooaa?aeeea A?aiaiiue caeii i ii?yaeea aianaiey e ooaa?aeaeaiey caeiiia a Oe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeea. Yoio caeii eiae oeaeueth o?aaoee?iaaoue nouanoaothuoth caeiiiaeaoaeueioth i?ioeaaeo?o. A niioaaonoaee n iei caeiiii?iaeou aioiaeeenue caeioa?aniaaiiuie ieienoa?noaaie e i?aaenoaaeyeenue aeaaa i?aaeoaeuenoaa, eioi?ue caoai aiinee eo ia ?anniio?aiea ?aaeu Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia eee aa Eaaeiaoa. A neo/aa iaeia?aiey caeiiii?iaeo ieii/aoaeueii ?aaeaeoe?iaaeny a Ainoaea?noaaiiie eaioeaey?ee, iinea /aai iinooiae ia ?anniio?aiea Aee?aeoi?ee e noaiiaeeny aeaenoaothuei iinea aa ienueiaiiiai ooaa?aeaeaiey1.
E niaeaeaieth, yoio caeii ia ii?aaeaeee i?aaiaie noaoon Aee?aeoi?ee e i?aaeoaeuenoaa a noa?a caeiiioai?/anoaa e ii?iaeee iiaua i?ioeai?a/ey. A /anoiinoe, i?aaeoniao?eaaeinue, /oi . Neaaeiaaoaeueii, aeeeoaoi?neea iieiiii/ey Aee?aeoi?ee ia auee ia?aie/aiu.
A i?iaeoa Iniiaiiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai caeiia Oe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeee, ?anniio?aiiiai ?aaeie Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia a naioya?a – ieoya?a 1920 aiaea, Aunoei caeiiiaeaoaeueiui i?aaiii aeieaeia auea noaoue Ainoaea?noaaiiay ?aaea. Aei aa nicuaa oi?ie?iaaeny Ainoaea?noaaiiue Naei, eioi?ue iieo/ae i?aai i?eiyoey caeiiia. Caeiiiaeaoaeueiay eieoeeaoeaa i?aaeinoaaeyeanue aeaaai ainoaea?noaa e i?aaeoaeuenoaa e eaaeaeiio ec aeaiooaoia, anee aai i?aaenoaaeaiea iiaeieooo aeanyoue eee aieaa /eaiia Naeia. Iinoaiiaeaiea Naeia ia?aaeaaaeinue i?aaenaaeaoaeth ?aaeu Ieieno?ia, a oio a oa/aiea naie aeiae ia?aaeaaae aai I?aaenaaeaoaeth ainoaea?noaa, eioi?ue aeieaeai aue a aeaooiaaeaeueiue n?ie ooaa?aeeoue caeii eee aica?aoeoue aai i?aaenaaeaoaeth i?aaeoaeuenoaa n oeacaieai i?e/ei iaiiaeienaiey. I?aaenaaeaoaeue ?aaeu Ieieno?ia ia i?ioyaeaiee o?ao aeiae aeieaeai aue aa?iooue caeiiii?iaeo i?aaenaaeaoaeth Naeia. Naei ia i/a?aaeiii canaaeaiee eee niaeaoaeny n i?aaeeiaeaieyie I?aaenaaeaoaey ainoaea?noaa e aiinee niioaaonoaothuea eciaiaiey, eee ia niaeaoaeny e aieueoeinoaii a aeaa o?aoe aieinia i?enoonoaothueo i?aiaeieaaae aaoi.
Ana caeiiu aeieaeiu auee ia/aoaoueny a e anooiaee a neeo /a?ac 15 aeiae iinea iaia?iaeiaaiey, anee a naiii caeiia ia oeacuaaeny eiie n?ie. Yoe aea o?aaiaaiey ioiineeenue e e iaeacai I?aaenaaeaoaey ainoaea?noaa, iinoaiiaeaieyi i?aaeoaeuenoaa e ?anii?yaeaieyi ieieno?ia. Iaciaiea ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia ia inaiaiaeaeaei io ioaaonoaaiiinoe.
A Caeiia i a?aiaiiii aa?oiaiii oi?aaeaiee e ii?yaeea caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa a Oe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeea io 12 iiya?y 1920 aiaea eiaeny niaoeeaeueiue ?acaeae – . Yoio Caeii aieaa aeaoaeueii ?aaeaiaioe?iaae caeiiiaeaoaeueioth i?ioeaaeo?o.
I?aai caeiiiaeaoaeueiie eieoeeaoeau i?aaeinoaaeyeinue I?aaenaaeaoaeth ainoaea?noaa, i?aaeoaeuenoao e eaaeaeiio ec aeaiooaoia, anee aai i?aaenoaaeaiea iiaeieooo aeanyoue e aieaa /eaiia ia?eaiaioa. Caeiiii?iaeo, iiaeienaiiue aeanyoueth e aieaa aeaiooaoaie, i?aaenoaaeyeny a I?aceaeeoi AI?, eioi?ue iai?aaeye aai ia ?anniio?aiea niioaaonoaothuae eiiennee eee auiinee iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia nanneth.
E aaaeiaeoei iieiiii/eyi Ainoaea?noaaiiie Ia?iaeiie ?aaeu ioiineeinue ianoaeaeaiea caeiiii?iaeoia, aianaiiuo i?aaenaaeaoaeai ?aaeu Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia, e ?ac?aaioea caeiiii?iaeoia ii nianoaaiiie eieoeeaoeaa. Ana ?aoaiey Ainoaea?noaaiiie Ia?iaeiie ?aaeu i?eieiaeenue aieueoeinoaii aieinia i?enoonoaothueo.
I?iaeou caeiiia, ooaa?aeaeaiiua Ainoaea?noaaiiie Ia?iaeiie ?aaeie, n niioaaonoaothueie iiaeienyie i?aaenoaaeyeenue i?aaenaaeaoaeai Ainoaea?noaaiiie Ia?iaeiie ?aaeu e i?aaenaaeaoaeai ?aaeu Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia ia ooaa?aeaeaiea I?aaenaaeaoaey Aee?aeoi?ee Oe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeee. A neo/aa iaeia?aiey caeiia oio aica?auae aai i?aaenaaeaoaeth i?aaeoaeuenoaa aeey iaeaoaiey a n iiaeienyie I?aaenaaeaoaey Aee?aeoi?ee, i?aaenaaeaoaey ?aaeu Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia e niioaaonoaothueo ieieno?ia eee anaai ninoaaa eaaeiaoa e oaeinoiaa?aieai ainoaea?noaaiiiai nae?aoa?y.
A caeiia iaycaoaeueii oeacuaaeinue, /oi ii iaeia?ai Ainoaea?noaaiiie Ia?iaeiie ?aaeie. Anee I?aaenaaeaoaeue Aee?aeoi?ee ioaa?aae caeiiii?iaeo, ii aeieaeai aue a oa/aiea aeaoo iaaeaeue aa?iooue aai i?aaenaaeaoaeth i?aaeoaeuenoaa n ienueiaiiui oeacaieai i?e/ei aai ioeeiiaiey, a oio a naith i/a?aaeue a oa/aiea iaaeaee ia?aaeaaae caeiiii?iaeo i?aaenaaeaoaeth Ainoaea?noaaiiie Ia?iaeiie ?aaeu. Iineaaeiee auiinee aai ia i/a?aaeiia canaaeaiea Ainoaea?noaaiiie Ia?iaeiie ?aaeu, eioi?ay eee niaeaoaeanue n I?aaenaaeaoaeai Aee?aeoi?ee e aiineea a iaai niioaaonoaothuea eciaiaiey, eee ooaa?aeaeaea aai aac eciaiaiee. Iinea yoiai caeii n/eoaeny i?eiyoui e /a?ac i?aaenaaeaoaey ?aaeu Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia iaeaoaeny a .
A niioaaonoaee n Caeiiii iniiaiay oyaeanoue caeiiii?iaeoiuo ?aaio eaaeaea ia i?aaeoaeuenoaa. Caeiiii?iaeou ?anniao?eaaeenue Ainoaea?noaaiiie Ia?iaeiie ?aaeie, eioi?ay eee naia i?eieiaea caeii, eee i?aaeinoaaeyea i?aai i?eiyoey caeiia ?aaea Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia. Iinea iioaeeeiaaiey a caeii anooiae a neeo a n?ie, ii?aaeaeaiiue a aai oaenoa, a anee n?ie ia oeacuaaeny, oi ni aeiy iieo/aiey ia ianoao. Ioaeaeueiua caeiiu anooiaee a neeo iinea eo ia?aaea/e oaeaa?aoii. I?eaeiaeu i?eiyouo ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia nio?aiyeenue o ainoaea?noaaiiiai nae?aoa?y. I?aaeoaeuenoai iiaei i?eieiaoue caeiiu e aac ?ac?aoaiey Ainoaea?noaaiiie Ia?iaeiie ?aaeu a ia?a?uaao iaaeaeo aa nanneyie n ooaa?aeaeaieai I?aaenaaeaoaeai Aee?aeoi?ee e iaeaoaieai a iau/iii ii?yaeea.
Caeiiiaeaoaeueiay i?ioeaaeo?a a Aca?aaeaeaeaineii Ia?eaiaioa iiaoi?yea iiiaea /a?ou caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai i?ioeanna a Oe?aeia.
A Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeea iniiaiuie caeiiiaeaoaeueiuie aeoaie, ?aaoee?othueie caeiiioai?/aneee i?ioeann, yaeyeenue io 17 ia?oa 1919 aiaea e 1, ooaa?aeaeaiiua 18 ieoya?y 1919 aiaea.
Iniaia cia/aiea aeey ?anniao?eaaaiiai aii?ina eiatho ii?iu aeaau IV , a /anoiinoe aa ?acaeae I – .
?aaeaiaioe?iaaee i?ioeann, ioaaouaathuee aanue iooue io iiaeaioiaee caeiiii?iaeoia aei eo iinooieaiey a Ia?eaiaio, a oaeaea aii?inu ioaeeeaoeee caeiiia iinea eo i?eiyoey a Ia?eaiaioa.
Aiaeec niioaaonoaothueo caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeoia e i?aeoeee caeiiioai?/anoaa a AAe? iieacuaaao, /oi caeiiioai?/aneee i?ioeann ninoiye ec o?ao noaaeee: iiaeaioiaea caeiiii?iaeoia; ianoaeaeaiea caeiiii?iaeoia e i?eiyoea caeiiia; iioaeeeiaaiea caeiiia.
Aii?inu ia?aie e o?aoueae noaaeee ?aaeaiaioe?iaaeenue , a aoi?ie noaaeee – .
Ia/aeii caeiiioai?/aneiai i?ioeanna iau/ii n/eoaaony noaaeey caeiiiaeaoaeueiie eieoeeaoeau, niaea?aeaiea eioi?ie ii?aaeaeyaony i?aaiii/eyie noauaeoa aiineoue iaycaoaeueiue aeey ?anniio?aiey i?iaeo caeiia. A AAe? e?oa yoeo noauaeoia caeiiiaeaoaeueii /aoei ii?aaeaeai ia aue. Iaeiaei aiaeec caeiiioai?/aneie i?aeoeee iicaieyao naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi oaeei i?aaii ?aaeueii iieueciaaeenue a iniiaiii ia?eaiaioneea eiiennee, o?aeoeee e a?oiiu, ieienoa?noaa.
Aeaiiay noaaeey, iiieii ?ac?aaioee caeiiii?iaeoa, aeeth/aea e aai i?aaeaa?eoaeueiia ianoaeaeaiea.
A niioaaonoaee n i?iaeou caeiiia aianoa n iauynieoaeueiuie caieneaie, iainiiauaathueie eo oeaeue, iaiaoiaeeiinoue i?eiyoey e nouiinoue, /a?ac Eaaeiao Ieieno?ia aeieaeiu auee iai?aaeyoueny a Ia?eaiaio. Caienee, i?eeaaaaiua e caeiiii?iaeoai, neoaeeee iiauoaieth yooaeoeaiinoe caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe Ia?eaiaioa, o.e. niaoeeaeenou ieienoa?noa e oi?aaeaiee, aeayoaeueiinoue eioi?uo ia?aie/eaaeanue eiie?aoiuie iaeanoyie, eo/oa ciaee aeaiioth iaeanoue e aa niaoeeoeeo1. Yoi iaania/eaaei oeaeaiai?aaeaiiinoue ii?iioai?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe Ia?eaiaioa e a eiia/iii eoiaa iieiaeeoaeueii aeeyei ia yooaeoeaiinoue i?eiyouo aeoia. Eniieueciaaiea yoie i?aeoeee a ianoiyuaa a?aiy, aaconeiaii, auei au iieaciui aeey iaania/aiey iaaeeaaeauae ?aaiou Ia?eaiaioa Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeee.
Niaeanii , Ia?eaiaio i?enooiae e caeiiiaeaoaeueiie i?ioeaaeo?a iinea ?anniio?aiey i?iaeoia a ia?eaiaioneeo eiienneyo, eioi?ua i?aaenoaaeyee niioaaonoaothuea aeieeaaeu.
Ana caeiiii?iaeou, iinooiathuea a iauaa nia?aiea ec eiiennee, iiaeeaaeaee o?iae?aoiiio ianoaeaeaieth a oa/aiea ia iaiaa o?ao e ia aieaa naie aeiae. I?e ianoaeaeaiee caeiiii?iaeoa, i?eciaiiiai n?i/iui, yoio n?ie iia auoue nie?auai Ia?eaiaioii. I?eciaiea caeiiii?iaeoa n?i/iui iiaei ninoiyony ia iniiaaiee iinoaiiaeaiey Ia?eaiaioa ii cayaeaieth ia iaiaa iyoe /eaiia Ia?eaiaioa eee eiiennee, ?anniao?eaaaoae caeiiii?iaeo. E aeaeai, ia eiathuei caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai oa?aeoa?a, i?aaeei o?iae?aoiiai ianoaeaeaiey (a iuiaoiai iiieiaiee – /oaiey) ia i?eiaiyeinue.
?anniio?aiea caeiiii?iaeoa ia/eiaeinue n iauaai ianoaeaeaiey iniiaiuo aai iieiiii/ee (ia?aia ianoaeaeaiea). Ii ieii/aiee ia?aiai ianoaeaeaiey caeiiii?iaeoa i?aaenaaeaoaeue noaaee ia aieiniaaiea ia?aoiae e iinoaoaeiiio aai ianoaeaeaieth. Anee oaeie ia?aoiae ioaa?aaeny, oi aeaiiue caeiiii?iaeo n/eoaeny ioeeiiaiiui.
Aoi?ia ianoaeaeaiea caeiiii?iaeoa (ia?aia iinoaoaeiia ianoaeaeaiea) eiaei naiei i?aaeiaoii ?anniio?aiea ioaeaeueiuo aai noaoae. I?e ?anniio?aiee ioaeaeueiuo noaoae aeiioneaeenue, ii iinoaiiaeaieth Ia?eaiaioa, ionooieaiey io iinoaoaeiiai ii?yaeea, eee iaeioi?ua noaouee ianoaeaeaeenue niaianoii a oie eee ae?oaie eo a?oiie?iaea, eee aea ioaeaeueiua noaouee ?acaeaeyeenue ia /anoe; a oaeii neo/aa eaaeaeay /anoue ianoaeaeaeanue ioaeaeueii. I?e aoi?ii ianoaeaeaiee caeiiii?iaeoa /eaiu Ia?eaiaioa iiaee aiineoue a ienueiaiiii aeaea iii?aaee e ioaeaeueiui aai noaoueyi e aeiiieieoaeueiua e iaio noaouee. Iie iaeaoaeenue I?aaenaaeaoaeai ia?aae ia/aeii ianoaeaeaiey niioaaonoaothuae noaouee. Iaeiaei aei ianoaeaeaiey a Ia?eaiaioa yoe iii?aaee e aeiiieiaiey ia?aaeaaaeenue ia i?aaeaa?eoaeueiia ?anniio?aiea ia?eaiaioneie eiiennee. I?e yoii aoi?ia ianoaeaeaiea aeaiiie noaouee ioeeaaeuaaeinue aei iieo/aiey caeeth/aiey eiiennee. Iii?aaee ?aaeaeoeeiiiiai oa?aeoa?a ia noaaeeenue ia aieiniaaiea e ia?aaeaaaeenue a ?aaeaeoeeiiioth eiienneth.
O?aouea ianoaeaeaiea ninoiyei ec aoi?e/iiai iinoaoaeiiai ?anniio?aiey caeiiii?iaeoa a i?eiyoii Ia?eaiaioii i?e aoi?ii ianoaeaeaiee aeaea. Aianaiea iii?aaie e aeiiieiaiee i?e o?aoueai ianoaeaeaiee ia aeiioneaeinue.
Iinea iinoaoaeiiai aieiniaaiey a o?aoueai ianoaeaeaiee I?aaenaaeaoaeai noaaeeny ia aieiniaaiea aii?in: i?eieiaao ee Ia?eaiaio caeiiii?iaeo n i?eiyouie iii?aaeaie a oeaeii? I?eiyoua Ia?eaiaioii caeiiii?iaeou ia?aaeaaaeenue a ?aaeaeoeeiiioth eiienneth, eioi?ay ooaa?aeaeaea ieii/aoaeueiue oaeno caeiiii?iaeoa e aiineea aai ia ooaa?aeaeaiea Ia?eaiaioa.
Caeiiii?iaeou i?eieiaeenue ioe?uoui aieiniaaieai. I?ioeaaeo?a i?iecaiaeeeanue iin?aaenoaii anoaaaiey eee iiaeiyoeai ?oe. Iiaen/ao aieinia aaeny niaoeeaeueiui /eiiaieeii – eaanoi?ii e aai iiiiuieeii iiae iaaethaeaieai I?aaenaaeaoaey. A neo/ayo niiieoaeueiinoe aieiniaaiey, ii oniio?aieth I?aaenaaeaoaey eee ii eieoeeaoeaa /eaia Ia?eaiaioa, anee ca iaai auneacaeinue ia iaiaa iyoiaaeoeaoe aeaiooaoia, aieiniaaiea i?iecaiaeeeinue iin?aaenoaii ?acaeaeaiey aieinothueo. I?e oaeii niiniaa aieiniaaiey /eaiu Ia?eaiaioa, ioaa/athuea ia aii?inu ooaa?aeeoaeueii, auoiaeeee ec caea canaaeaiey a iaeio aeaa?ue, a ioaa/athuea io?eoeaoaeueii – a ae?oaoth.
Caeiiii?iaeo i?eieiaeny, anee ca iaai aieiniaaei ia iaiaa iieiaeiu i?enoonoaothueo. Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi niaeanii no. 90 aieiniaaiea iiaei auoue i?iaaaeaii i?e iaee/ee ia iaiaa ni?iea /eaiia Ia?eaiaioa i?e oii, /oi ii Caeiio ia ia?aciaaiee Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai Ia?eaiaioa caeiiiaeaoaeueiue i?aai ninoiye ec 120 aeaiooaoia. Ii a neeo neiaeeaoaeny neooaoeee oaeoe/aneee ninoaa aai aue ia ii?yaeie ieaea – ii ?aciui enoi/ieeai a ninoaa Ia?eaiaioa aoiaeeei io 85 aei 97 aeaiooaoia1. I?eiyoue caeii ne?aieyeny iiaeienueth I?aaenaaeaoaey Ia?eaiaioa.
Niaeanii , caeiiu, i?eiyoua Ia?eaiaioii, ioaeeeiaaeenue a ?acaeaea aacaou , eioi?ay auea ioeoeeaeueiui ia/aoiui i?aaiii Ia?eaiaioa. E?iia oiai, caeiiu ioaeeeiaaeenue a .
Ia?eaiaio AAe? ii aii?inai, aoiaeyuei a e?oa aai eiiiaoaioeee, i?eieiae caeiiu e iinoaiiaeaiey. Oae, auee i?eiyou: Caeii i aiaiiuo noaeao io 14 ai?aey 1919 aiaea; Caeii ia i?aaiecaoeee o/?aaeaeaiee, aaaeathueo eniieiaieai aieineie iiaeiiinoe a Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeea, io 26 iay 1919 aiaea; Caeii ia o/?aaeaeaiee Iniaie ?aaeceiiii-neaaenoaaiiie eiiennee aeey ?anneaaeiaaiey i?anooieaiee e ceioiio?aaeaiee a ?aciuo aaaeiinoaao io 27 ethey 1919 aiaea; Caeii i a?aaeaeainoaa Aca?aaeaeaeaia io 11 aaaonoa 1919 aiaea; Caeii ia o/?aaeaeaiee iia?aie/iie io?aiu Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeee a oaiiaeaiiii ioiioaiee io 14 aaaonoa 1919yaiaea; Caeii ia oneeaiee iaeacaiee ca icaeieinoai, eeoieinoai e auiiaaoaeuenoai io 29 naioya?y 1919 aiaea; Caeii ia oneiaeyo auaica nu?uey ca a?aieoeo ec i?aaeaeia Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeee io 11 aeaeaa?y 1919 aiaea e ae?.
Ec-ca ionoonoaey /aoeiai ?aaoee?iaaiey iieiiii/ee ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia ii ecaeaieth ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia e iaaeinoaoi/iie oi/iinoe a iacaaiee iineaaeieo i?eieiaaiua Ia?eaiaioii caeiiiaeaoaeueiua aeou iacuaaeenue eiiaaea iieiaeaieyie, i?aaeeaie, onoaaaie. Yoe aeou ii oa?aeoa?o o?aaoee?iaaiiuo iauanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee e ii th?eaee/aneie neea i?e?aaieaaeenue e caeiio. I?eia?aie oaeeo aeoia auee: Iieiaeaiea i auai?ao a O/?aaeeoaeueiia Nia?aiea Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeee io 21 ethey 1919yaiaea, I?aaeea i?iaaaeaiey auai?ia a ai?iaeneea aeoiu Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeee io 7 aaaonoa 1919 aiaea, Onoaa i ia/aoe io 30yieoya?y 1919 aiaea. Ia?eaiaio ooaa?aeaeae oaeaea e onoaau oeaio?aeueiuo ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia e i?aaiecaoeee, iai?eia? onoaau Aaeeineiai oieaa?neoaoa, Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai aaiea, Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ainoaea?noaaiiie naa?aaaoaeueiie eannu.

Aeaaa 6.
?R-aaR (III Oieaa?nae). Iinea i?iaicaeaoaiey IV Oieaa?naea Aaia?aeueiue Nae?aoa?eao aue i?aia?aciaai a ?aaeo Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia.
A ia?aue ninoaa Aaia?aeueiiai Nae?aoa?eaoa aoiaeeee aai i?aaenaaeaoaeue e aaia?aeueiue nae?aoa?ue aioo?aiieo aeae A. Aeiie/aiei, aaia?aeueiue iena?ue I. O?enothe, aaia?aeueiue nae?aoa?ue oeiainia O. Aa?aiianeee, aaia?aeueiue nae?aoa?ue iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiuo aeae N. Ao?aiia, aaia?aeueiue nae?aoa?ue aieneiauo aeae N. Iaoeth?a, aaia?aeueiue nae?aoa?ue caiaeueiuo aeae A. Ia?oin, aaia?aeueiue nae?aoa?ue noaeaaiuo aeae A. Naaeianeee, aaia?aeueiue nae?aoa?ue i?inaauaiey E. Noaoaiei, aaia?aeueiue nae?aoa?ue i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiuo aeae I. Noanthe.
Iinea i?iaicaeaoaiey I aeaeea?aoeee Aaia?aeueiiai Nae?aoa?eaoa a aai ninoaa auee aaaaeaiu: A. Aieoaiae/ – aaia?aeueiue nae?aoa?ue iooae niiauaiey, A. Ca?oaei – aaia?aeueiue nae?aoa?ue ii/o e oaeaa?aoia, I. ?aoan – aaia?aeueiue eiio?iea?, I. Noaaieoeeee – noaon-nae?aoa?ue ii aeaeai Oe?aeiu i?e A?aiaiiii i?aaeoaeuenoaa. Ninoaa Aaia?aeueiiai Nae?aoa?eaoa ia aue iinoiyiiui e eiee/anoaaiii eciaiyeny ii oeacaieth A?aiaiiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa.
Ooaa?aeaeaiiay A?aiaiiui i?aaeoaeuenoaii Eino?oeoeey ia oaeiaeaoai?yea Aaia?aeueiue Nae?aoa?eao, eioi?ue iineaaeiaaoaeueii no?aieeny e ?anoe?aieth naieo iieiiii/ee. Yoi iaoei io?aaeaiea a Aeaeea?aoeee Aaia?aeueiiai Nae?aoa?eaoa io 12 ieoya?y 1917 aiaea. A iae aiai?eeinue, /oi <...aaia nae i e ooaa eae aunoee aeanoe oe a>, ii iineieueeo ioiioaiey iaaeaeo Aaia?aeueiui Nae?aoa?eaoii e A?aiaiiui i?aaeoaeuenoaii oi/ii ia ii?aaeaeaiu, oi 1.
Iaeiaei noa?u aeayoaeueiinoe iaaeaeo Aaia?aeueiui Nae?aoa?eaoii e Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeie ia auee ?aca?aie/aiu. *anoi Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea e Aaia?aeueiue Nae?aoa?eao caieiaeenue iaeieie e oaie aea aii?inaie. Oaeay i?aaiaay iaii?aaeaeaiiinoue io?eoeaoaeueii neacuaaeanue ia ainoaea?noaaiii-i?aaiaii no?ieoaeuenoaa.
Ia aue ?ac?aaioai iaoaieci ia?eaiaioneiai eiio?iey Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu. Nei?aa anaai, yoi neo/eeinue iioiio, /oi ia aue aiieiuai a i?aeoeeo i?eioeei ?acaeaeaiey aeanoae. Ii iniiau ia?eaiaioneiai eiio?iey iaoee io?aaeaiea a Eiinoeoooeee OI? 1918 aiaea.
Aunoae eniieieoaeueiie aeanoueth OI? i?iaicaeaoaeanue ?aaea Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia, i?aaeoaeuenoai OI?. Iii aeieaeii auei iieo/aoue naie iieiiii/ey io Anaia?iaeiiai Nia?aiey e io/eouaaeinue oieueei ia?aae iei. Oi?ie?iaaiea ?aaeu Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia aiceaaaeinue ia I?aaenaaeaoaey Anaia?iaeiiai Nia?aiey ii niaeaniaaieth n ?aaeie noa?oei, i?aaeeiaeaiey eioi?uo auiineeenue ia nanneth, aaea e ?aoaeny ieii/aoaeueii aii?in i eiee/anoaa /eaiia i?aaeoaeuenoaa. Aeaiooaoneea cai?inu e i?aaeoaeuenoao e ioaeaeueiui ieieno?ai iiaee iiaeaaaoueny /a?ac i?aceaeeoi Nia?aiey.
Anaia?iaeiia Nia?aiea iiaei au?aceoue iaaeiaa?ea eae ?aaea Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia a oeaeii, oae e ioaeaeueiui /eaiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa. A yoii neo/aa iineaaeiea neaaaee naie iieiiii/ey, a /a?ac nooee Nia?aiea aeieaeii auei i?enooieoue e eo caiauaieth. *eaiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa i?aaeinoaaeyeinue i?aai i?eieiaoue o/anoea a aeaaaoao ia nanneyo ia?eaiaioa n niaauaoaeueiui aieinii.
I?eoiae e aeanoe Aee?aeoi?ee oaeaea ia ?aoee i?iaeaiu acaeiiioiioaiee caeiiiaeaoaeueiie e eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe. 26 aeaeaa?y 1918 aiaea Aee?aeoi?ey naiei Iaeacii ooaa?aeeea iiaia i?aaeoaeuenoai – ?aaeo Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia – a ninoaaa 18 /eaiia: I?aaenaaeaoaeai ?aaeu Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia e ieieno?ii eiino?aiiuo aeae noae A. *aoianeee, ieieno?ii aioo?aiieo aeae – A. Ieoethe, ieieno?ii caiaeueiuo aeae – I. Oaiiaae, ieieno?ii eneonnoa – Ae. Aioiiiae/, ieieno?ii ii?neeo aeae – I. Aeeeineee, ieieno?ii ia?iaeiiai caei?iauey – A. Iaothoaiei, ieieno?ii i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiuo aeae – A. Ia?oin, ieieno?ii oi?aiaee e i?iiuoeaiiinoe – N. Inoaiaiei, e.i. ieieno?a aieneiauo aeae – A. Iinaoeeee, e.i. ieieno?a ia?iaeiiai i?inaauaiey – I. Oieiaeiue, e.i. ieieno?a thnoeoeee – N. Oaeooei, ieieno?ii oeiainia – A. Iaco?aiei, e.i. ieieno?a o?oaea – E. Ieoaeeea, oi?aaeythuei ieienoa?noaa iooae – E. Ieeei/oe, oi?aaeythuei Oi?aaeaieai eoeueoia – E. Eeia, ainoaea?noaaiiui eiio?iea?ii – Ae. Neiiiea, e.i. ainoaea?noaaiiiai nae?aoa?y – E. Nieaeei1.
A niioaaonoaee n Aeaeea?aoeeae io 26 aeaeaa?y 1918 aiaea Aee?aeoi?ey acyea ia naay ?oeiaiaenoai ?aaeie Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia. Iaeiaei oieueei iaeii iieiaeaiea Aeaeea?aoeee eanaeinue i?aaiaiai noaoona i?aaeoaeuenoaa – aio ii?o/aeinue . Iiiyoii, /oi iiaeiaiay iaii?aaeaeaiiinoue e ionoonoaea /aoeiai ?acaeaeaiey eiiiaoaioeee iaaeaeo Aee?aeoi?eae e ?aaeie Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia i?eaiaeeei e aeoaee?iaaieth aeayoaeueiinoe yoeo i?aaiia ii iiiaei aii?inai. E anee Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea e Aaia?aeueiue Nae?aoa?eao ia iiaee i?iaanoe ?aciaaeaaaiea caeiiiaeaoaeueiie e eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe, oi Aee?aeoi?ey e ?aaea Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia ia iiaee ?acaeaeeoue eniieieoaeueioth aeanoue.
Oieueei 28 yiaa?y 1919 aiaea, iinea i?eiyoey Caeiia i oi?ia aeanoe a Oe?aeia, aue iiaeoaa?aeaeai noaoon Aee?aeoi?ee eae , a oaeaea aa iieiiii/ey ecaeaaaoue caeiiu, eioi?ua iiaeeaaeaee ooaa?aeaeaieth . Ii yoiio Caeiio eniieieoaeueiay aeanoue i?eiaaeeaaeaea ?aaea Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia, ninoaa eioi?ie ooaa?aeaeaeny Aee?aeoi?eae e aue ioaaonoaai ia?aae iae. Niiaa aea i?iaeaia ?ani?aaeaeaiey noa? aeayoaeueiinoe iaaeaeo Aee?aeoi?eae e ?aaeie Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia inoaeanue ia?aoaiiie.
A iineaaeiea ianyoeu nouanoaiaaiey OI? eniieieoaeueiay aeanoue auea aaeeinoaaiiie ?aaeueiie aeanoueth. A yoio ia?eiae aeoeaece?oaony i?ioeann o?aaoee?iaaiey ioiioaiee iaaeaeo Aee?aeoi?eae e ?aaeie Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia, /oi iaoei io?aaeaiea a caeiiao e io 12 iiya?y 1920 aiaea. Ii yoei caeiiai, aa?oiaiay aeanoue a OI? a?aiaiii .
Iaeiaei yoi iauaa iieiaeaiea ia aianei yniinoe a i?aaiaia iieiaeaiea i?aaeoaeuenoaa. N iaeiie noi?iiu, aeaaa i?aaeoaeuenoaa iacia/aeny Aee?aeoi?eae, eioi?ay ii aai i?aaenoaaeaieth ooaa?aeaeaea /eaiia i?aaeoaeuenoaa, n ae?oaie – ?aaea Ia?iaeiuo Ieieno?ia auea iiaeio/aoia Ainoaea?noaaiiie Ia?iaeiie ?aaea, eioi?ay iiaea au?aceoue iaaeiaa?ea i?aaeoaeuenoao a oeaeii eee aai ioaeaeueiiio /eaio. A caeiiao ie/aai ia aiai?eeinue i ianoa i?aaeoaeuenoaa a nenoaia eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe.
A i?iaeoa iniiaiiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai caeiia Oe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeee, iiaeaioiaeaiiiai Anaoe?aeineie Iaoeeiiaeueiie ?aaeie a iaa 1920 aiaea, eiio?ieue ca aeayoaeueiinoueth i?aaeoaeuenoaa ni noi?iiu ia?eaiaioa (Naeia) inouanoaeyeny iooai aianaiey eioa?iaeeyoeee a ?aaeo Ieieno?ia eee ioaeaeueiui /eaiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa. Ia iinoaaeaiiue cai?in iie iiaee ioaaoeoue iaiaaeeaiii, /a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy eee ioeacaoueny io ioaaoa n iaycaoaeueiui i?eaaaeaieai i?e/ei ioeaca. Iinea yoiai Naei ioe?uaae aeeneonneth ii nouanoao eee i?eieiae ioaao. I?e au?aaeaiee iaaeiaa?ey i?aaeoaeuenoao eee ioaeaeueiiio ieieno?o ni noi?iiu Naeia iie iaycaiu auee i?ae?aoeoue eniieiaiea naieo iaycaiiinoae. Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi a i?iaeoa aue io?aaeai oio ii?yaeie eiio?iey iaae aeayoaeueiinoueth i?aaeoaeuenoaa, eioi?ue neiaeeeny ia i?ioyaeaiee anaai ia?eiaea Aee?aeoi?ee.
A AAe? einoeooo ia?eaiaioneie ioaaonoaaiiinoe i?aaeoaeuenoaa aue i?aaeoniio?ai i. VI Aeoa i iacaaeneiinoe.
Aunoei eniieieoaeueiui i?aaiii AAe? yaeyeny Niaao Ieieno?ia, eioi?ue oi?ie?iaaeny Ia?eaiaioii ia eiaeeoeeiiiie iniiaa e aue ioaaonoaaiiui ia?aae iei. Iniiaiua ooieoeee i?aaeoaeuenoaa e noa?a aai aeayoaeueiinoe oaeaea auee ii?aaeaeaiu a Aeoa i iacaaeneiinoe.
Neaaeoao auaeaeeoue ianoi i?aaeoaeuenoaa AAe? a nenoaia i?aaiia aeanoe, iniaaiiinoe aai ia?aciaaiey, aeeaiacii ooieoeee, i?aaeaea anaai a iaeanoe caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, aei ia?aciaaiey Ia?eaiaioa e a iineaaeothuee ia?eiae. Ii oi?ia i?aaiecaoeee, ooieoeeyi e ianoo a nenoaia ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia aoi?ie eaaeiao i?aaeoaeuenoaa (A?aiaiiia I?aaeoaeuenoai) ioee/aeny io iineaaeothueo eaaeiaoia. Ianiio?y ia eiaeeoeeiiiue oa?aeoa? yoiai eaaeiaoa, i?aaenoaaeoaee io ionoeueiainei-nioeeaeenoe/aneiai aeiea e ia?oee ia aioee a aai ninoaa. , iaeaaeathuay aieueoeinoaii aieinia a Iaoeeiiaeueiii Niaaoa, oaeaea auea auioaeaeaia ia?aie/eoue naith aeayoaeueiinoue.
A nayce n ethiueneei e?ecenii 17 ethiy 1918 aiaea Aca?aaeaeaeaineee Iaoeeiiaeueiue Niaao naii?anionoeeny e nin?aaeioi/ee anth aeanoue, a oii /enea e caeiiiaeaoaeueioth, a ?oeao A?aiaiiiai I?aaeoaeuenoaa. Eae ioia/aeinue, aeaiiia ?aoaiea auei i?eiyoi a oneiaeyo neiaeeaoeony o?oaeiinoae ai aioo?aiiae e aiaoiae aeecie Aca?aaeaeaeaia e aeaaiie oeaeueth a oio iiiaio yaeyeinue nio?aiaiea naiie ainoaea?noaaiiinoe AAe?. Yoio oaa, ?anniao?eaaaiue aeaaea oaie, eoi aue o enoieia ia?aciaaiey aca?aaeaeaeaineiai ainoaea?noaa, eae ionooieaiea io aeaiie?aoee, i?aaeoniao?eaaeny eae a?aiaiiia yaeaiea (aei nicuaa O/?aaeeoaeueiiai Nia?aiey), /oi iaoei io?aaeaiea a iacaaiee I?aaeoaeuenoaa.
Aeayoaeueiinoue aunoaai eniieieoaeueiiai i?aaia a caeiiioai?/aneie noa?a cia/eoaeueii ia?aie/eaaeanue iinoaiiaeaieai . Ii yoiio iinoaiiaeaieth A?aiaiiia I?aaeoaeuenoai ia eiaei i?aaa ioiaiyoue ainoaea?noaaiioth iacaaeneiinoue e nouanoaothuea iieeoe/aneea naiaiaeu e eciaiyoue ?aaiethoeeiiiua caeiiu ii aa?a?iiio e ae?oaei aaaeiui aii?inai.
A ia?eiae iaaeaeo ethiueneei e?ecenii e ia?aciaaieai Ia?eaiaioa A?aiaiiia I?aaeoaeuenoai a ?aieao inouanoaeaiey caeiiiaeaoaeueiie ooieoeee, ia?yaeo n aeoaie ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey, i?eieiaei e aeou ii iauei aii?inai. Eiaiii aeey iaaeeaaeauaai inouanoaeaiey oeacaiiie ooieoeee iinoaiiaeaieai io 20 ieoya?y 1918 aiaea i?e I?aaeoaeuenoaa auea o/?aaeaeaia caeiiiaeaoaeueiay eiienney1. A ea/anoaa i?eia?a caeiiioai?/anoaa aeaiiiai ia?eiaea iiaeii i?eaanoe Iieiaeaiea i iiaeaeainoaa Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeee, Iieiaeaiea i Noaeaaiie Iaeaoa Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeee e o.ae., eioi?ua ii naiae th?eaee/aneie i?e?iaea eiaee neeo caeiia.
Ia/aei ooieoeeiie?iaaiey Ia?eaiaioa yaeeinue aaaeiui oaaii ia iooe aeaiie?aoecaoeee iieeoe/aneie aeecie ainoaea?noaa. Aaaeiia ianoi a aeayoaeueiinoe Ia?eaiaioa caieiaei ia?aciaaiea I?aaeoaeuenoaa. I?aaenaaeaoaeue Ia?eaiaioa auaeaeaae eaiaeeaeaoo?o aeaau I?aaeoaeuenoaa, eioi?iio ii?o/ae noi?ie?iaaoue I?aaeoaeuenoai. Iineaaeiaa, a neo/aa iieo/aiey aieueoeinoaa aieinia a naith iiaeaea?aeeo, inoaaaeinue o aeanoe, a i?ioeaiii neo/aa – ooiaeeei a ionoaaeo.
Ninoaa Eaaeiaoa io?aaeae niioiioaiea nee a Ia?eaiaioa. A Ia?eaiaioa ie iaeia ia?oey ia iaeaaeaea ?aoathuei aieueoeinoaii. Oi?ie?iaaiea I?aaeoaeuenoaa auei aiciiaeiui eeoue i?e o/anoee aieueoeinoaa ia?oee. Iiyoiio /anoi i?ienoiaeeee i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua e?ecenu e eaaeaeue ?ac ia?aciaaiea iiaiai I?aaeoaeuenoaa noaeeeaaeinue n na?ueaciuie o?oaeiinoyie. Oaeei ia?acii, nicaeaiiue O. Oieneei o?aoee Eaaeiao aue ia?aciaai ia i?eioeeia aeiaa?ey ia?oee aeaaa I?aaeoaeuenoaa e aai i?ia?aiia. I?eioeei aeiaa?ey aeaaa I?aaeoaeuenoaa e aai i?ia?aiia aue niaethaeai e i?e oi?ie?iaaiee neaaeothuaai I?aaeoaeuenoaa, nouanoaiaaaoaai a ia?oa – aeaeaa?a 1919 aiaea. Iineaaeiee Eaaeiao aue noi?ie?iaai ec i?aaenoaaeoaeae anao iieeoe/aneeo ia?oee, aeeth/ay .
Aioo?aiiyy iieeoeea ainoaea?noaa iie?aeanue ia aeaiie?aoe/aneea i?eioeeiu. A i?ia?aiia I?aaeoaeuenoaa aiai?eeinue: 2.
A iaeanoe ia?aciaaiey i?aaeoniao?eaaeinue nicaeaiea aiciiaeiinoe eaaeaeiio iieo/eoue ia?aciaaiea ia naiai ?iaeiii ycuea, ioe?uoea iaoeeiiaeueiuo oeie e ?anoe?aiea naoe i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey.
Niaao Ieieno?ia AAe? iinoaiiaeaieai io 18 yiaa?y 1919yaiaea ooaa?aeee . A yoii aeoa i?aaeoniao?eaaeny ii?yaeie iioaeeeiaaiey ia oieueei caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeoia Niaaoa Ieieno?ia, ii e ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia, iinooiaaoeo ec Ia?eaiaioa e ioaeaeueiuo ieienoa?noa, iiaeeaaeaueo iaia?iaeiaaieth (ioieo 2). Niaeanii , oeacaiiua aeou ioaeeeiaaeenue a ioeoeeaeueiii ecaeaiee – , eioi?ia auoiaeeei n ethey 1918 aiaea.
Any ia?aienea e aeaeii?iecaiaenoai ii iioaeeeiaaieth caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeoia, eo ia?aaiae e naiaa?aiaiiay e aeinoiaa?iay ioaeeeaoeey inouanoaeyeenue Oi?aaeaieai aeaeaie I?aaeoaeuenoaa iiae iaaethaeaieai i?aaenaaeaoaey Niaaoa Ieieno?ia. I?aaeoniao?eaaeinue iioaeeeiaaiea aeoia, ii ia?a eo iaeiieaiey, a aeaea niaoeeaeueiiai nai?ieea e ioi?aaeaiea eo ai ana o/?aaeaeaiey.
Ianiio?y ia aieueoeinoai a Ia?eaiaioa e a ninoaaa I?aaeoaeuenoaa aeaiie?aoe/anee iano?iaiiie eioaeeeaaioeee, ia ieaeieo o?iaiyo aeanoe iaaeinoaoie iaoeeiiaeueiuo eaae?ia ieacuaae nouanoaaiiia aeeyiea ia ea/anoai ainoaea?noaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Yoi, a oaeaea ionoonoaea iiuoa o iaoeeiiaeueiuo eaae?ia, eioi?ua aeieaia a?aiy iono?aiyeenue io ainoaea?noaaiiuo aeae, iaoneiaeei ?acaeoea aeano?oeoeaiuo nee.
Aca?aaeaeaeaineee Ia?eaiaio, e?iia ooieoeee ii oi?ie?iaaieth oeaio?aeueiuo ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia e ii?aaeaeaieth e?oaa eo iieiiii/ee, oaeaea caneooeaae io/aou ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia e inouanoaeye aunoee ainoaea?noaaiiue iaaeci?. A iiaanoeao aeiy canaaeaiee Ia?eaiaioa yoei aii?inai ioaiaeeeinue cia/eoaeueiia ianoi, iiiaie?aoii caneooeaaeenue aeieeaaeu i aioo?aiiae e aiaoiae iieeoeea I?aaeoaeuenoaa, i?aaenoaaeyeenue cai?inu e i?eieiaeenue niaoeeaeueiua iinoaiiaeaiey ii yoei aii?inai. A aeieoiaioa iiae iacaaieai , eioi?ue niaea?aeae o?aaiaaiey i?aaenoaaeoaeae Aca?aaeaeaeaia, ii yoiio iiaiaeo aiai?eeinue: 1.
I?aai /eaiia ia?eaiaioa ia?auaoueny n eioa?iaeeyoeeyie e aii?inaie e ii?aaeaeaiiiio e?oao aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe (a iniiaiii e /eaiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa) e i?ioeaaeo?a ?aaeecaoeee yoiai i?aaa auee ?aaoee?iaaiu ii?iaie iaeacia ia?eaiaioa.
Niaeanii Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai Ia?eaiaioa, aii?inu i iacaeiiiinoe aeaenoaee I?aaeoaeuenoaa eee iiae/eiaiiuo aio aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe aiineeenue ienueiaiii ca iiaeienueth ia iaiueoa iyoe /eaiia ia?eaiaioa ca 24 /ana aei iacia/aiiiai n?iea ioe?uoey canaaeaiey e iaeaoaeenue i?aaenaaeaoaeai a eiioea canaaeaiey. I?aiey ii nouanoao cai?ina ioe?uaaeenue iinea auneooeaaiey iaeiiai ec ia?auo o?ao iiaeienaaoeo cai?in e iauyniaiee I?aaeoaeuenoaa. Anee ni noi?iiu I?aaeoaeuenoaa ia neaaeiaae iaiaaeeaiiue ioaao, oi I?aaenaaeaoaeue iacia/ae aeaoo ianoaeaeaiey aianaiiiai cai?ina ia iaeiii ec iineaaeothueo canaaeaiee Ia?eaiaioa. Eioa?iaeeyoeey iacia/aeanue e neooaieth ia iicaeiaa iyoe aeiae n iiiaioa iaeaoaiey cai?ina ia canaaeaiee Ia?eaiaioa. Auneooaa iauyniaiea I?aaeoaeuenoaa ii cai?ino, Ia?eaiaio eiae i?aai ii cayaeaieth iyoe /eaiia i?eiyoue iinoaiiaeaiea i ia?aaea/a cai?ina a eiienneth aeey i?aaenoaaeaiey caeeth/aiee a iacia/aiiue Ia?eaiaioii n?ie. Aeey ?anniio?aiey cai?inia Ia?eaiaio iia iacia/aoue niaoeeaeueiua canaaeaiey, ia eioi?ua a oaeii neo/aa ia?aiineeinue ianoaeaeaiea anao cai?inia.
Aeaaa 7.
“?ia?, , , , Aa?aeneay ia?iaeiay a?oiia, Aa?aeneay ia?iaeiay ia?oey, Neiienoneay ia?oey, Iauaaeeiaiiay aa?aeneay nioeeaeenoe/aneay ?aai/ay ia?oey.
Neaaeoao iiae/a?eiooue, /oi aa?ae ninoaaeyee ii/oe aeanyooth /anoue /eaiia Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu1. E?iia aeaia?oaiaioa ia?aciaaiey, iaoeeiiaeueiiai naiioi?aaeaiey, aeaia?oaiaioa iauae eaioeaey?ee, a ieienoa?noaa nouanoaiaae ioaeae Aa?aeneie iaoeeiiaeueiie ?aaeu e aa?aeneeo iauei, eioi?ue eii?aeeie?iaae aeayoaeueiinoue iiiai/eneaiiuo aa?aeneeo oiaa?euanoa a Oe?aeia.
Aaia?aeueiia nae?aoa?noai (ieienoa?noai) ii ?inneeneei aeaeai auei nicaeaii a niioaaonoaee ni Noaoooii Aaia?aeueiiai Nae?aoa?eaoa. A aai no?oeoo?a auee neaaeothuea ioaeaeu: iaoeeiiaeueii-ia?niiaeueiie aaoiiiiee, iiiiue ?inneyiai, iaoeeiiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey, noaoenoe/aneee, eioi?iaoeeiiiue e ae?oaea. A ioee/ea io nae?aoa?noa ii iieueneei e aa?aeneei aeaeai, aeaiiia nae?aoa?noai iniaie aeoeaiinoe ia i?iyaeyei. Yoi auei neaaenoaeai oiai, /oi ?inneyia nauniea niio?aee ia iiiuoee oe?aeineiai iaoeeiiaeueiiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa.
Ninoaa Oe?aeineie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu oi?ie?iaaeny ii oa??eoi?eaeueiiio, i?ioanneiiaeueiiio e ia?oeeiiio i?eioeeiai. A eiioea ethiy 1917 aiaea iineaaeiea auee aeiiieiaiu iaoeeiiaeueiui i?eioeeiii. Iaoeeiiaeueiui iaiueoeinoaai i?aaeinoaaeyeinue ii?aaeaeaiiia eiee/anoai iano a Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaea. Ii 2 ianoa iiaee caiyoue iaiueoaaeee, aieueoaaeee, aoiaeiaoeu, ?inneeneea yna?u, ia?iaeiua nioeeaeenou, iauaaeeiaiiua nioeeaeenou-neiienou, , Iieueneay nioeeaeenoe/aneay ia?oey, Aaei?onneay nioeeaeenoe/aneay ia?oey.
Eeaa e Iaeanna iinueaee a Oeaio?aeueioth ?aaeo ii 8 eeoe iaoe?aeineie iaoeeiiaeueiinoe, Oa?ueeia e Aeaoa?eiineaa – ii 5, ae?oaea aoaa?ineea ai?iaea – ii 3, oacaeiua ?aaeu – ii 1. A ethea 1917 aiaea Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea i?eieiaao ?aoaiea i aeiiieiaiee aunoeo i?aaiia aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey 30 % iaoeeiiaeueiuo iaiueoeinoa. Ia VI nannee auei ?aoaii i?aaeinoaaeoue a Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaea 104 ianoa i?aaenoaaeoaeyi ?inneyi, 50 – i?aaenoaaeoaeyi aa?aaa, 20 – i?aaenoaaeoaeyi iieyeia. 15 iano auaeaeyeinue iauanoaaiiui i?aaiecaoeeyi: io iieaeaaai – 4, iaioeaa – 3, oaoa? – 3, aaei?onia, /aoia, a?aeia, aieaa? – ii 1. Anaai ec 792 /eaiia OOe? 198 ecae?aeenue io iaoeeiiaeueiuo iaiueoeinoa1.
Iaeiei ec aaaeiaeoeo aeoia eiinoeoooeeiiiiai oa?aeoa?a, i?eiyouo Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeie, aue Caeii i iaoeeiiaeueii-ia?niiaeueiie aaoiiiiee io 9 yiaa?y 1918 aiaea, aaea aiai?eeinue i i?aaa iaoeeiiaeueiuo iaiueoeinoa ia 2. ?inneeneie, aa?aeneie e iieueneie iaoeeyi i?aaeinoaaeyeinue aaciaiai?i/iia i?aai ia iaoeeiiaeueii-ia?niiaeueioth aaoiiiieth. Aaei?onu, iieaeaaaia, oaoa?u, iaioeu, /aoe, a?aee e aieaa?u, eioi?ua i?iaeeaaee ia oa??eoi?ee Oe?aeiu, iiaee iieueciaaoueny oaeei i?aaii iinea iiaea/e niioaaonoaothuaai cayaeaiey a Aaia?aeueiie noae, iiaeienaiiiai ia iaiaa 10 oun. a?aaeaeai, ia ia?aie/aiiuo a iieeoe/aneeo i?aaao e canaeaeaoaeuenoaiaaaoeo naith i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue e ii?aaeaeaiiie iaoeee.
Iaoeee, ia oeacaiiua a aeaiiii ia?a/ia, iiaee ii naiaio aeaeaieth iiaeaaaoue oaeea aea cayaeaiey, ii oaea ia ?anniio?aiea Ia?eaiaioa OI?. Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea i?iaicaeaoaea i?aai ia naiinoiyoaeueiia nicaeaiea naiae iaoeeiiaeueiie aeecie iaiouaieaiui anoanoaaiiui i?aaii iaoeee. A niioaaonoaee n Caeiiii aeey inouanoaeaiey iaoeeiiaeueiuo i?aa i?aaeoniao?eaaeinue nicaeaiea niaoeeaeueiuo niioaaonoaothueo iaoeeiiaeueiinoae. Oeacuaaeinue, /oi .
Ieii/aoaeueiia ?aoaiea anao i?iaeai iaoeeiiaeueiuo iaiueoeinoa inoaaaeinue ca oe?aeineei Ia?eaiaioii. E niaeaeaieth, yoio caeii, ia eiathuee i?aoeaaeaioa a enoi?ee /aeiaa/anoaa, ia iaoae ioeeeea oao iaoeeiiaeueiuo iaiueoeinoa, aeey eioi?uo ii nicaeaaaeny. Oieueei iieyee no?aieeenue e i?aaiecaoeee iaoeeiiaeueii-ia?niiaeueiie aaoiiiiee. Ae?oaea iaoeeiiaeueiua iaiueoeinoaa ia i?iyaeyee aeieaeiie aeoeaiinoe a ?aoaiee yoie i?iaeaiu.
Iieeoeeo Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu a iaeanoe iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiuo ioiioaiee i?iaeieaeeea Aee?aeoi?ey. Iia ainnoaiiaeea aeayoaeueiinoue ieienoa?noa ii iieueneei e aa?aeneei aeaeai, eeeaeaee?iaaiiuo ?aaeeiii I. Nei?iiaaeneiai. A ninoaa Ainoaea?noaaiiie Ia?iaeiie ?aaeu OI? a 1920 aiaeo ieaie?iaaeinue eca?aoue 3 i?aaenoaaeoaey io , 3 – io , 3 – io , 3 – io , 2 – io , 4 – io neiienoia, 3 – io iieyeia. 24 yiaa?y 1919 aiaea Aee?aeoi?eae auei ainnoaiiaeaii aeaenoaea Caeiia i iaoeeiiaeueii-ia?niiaeueiie aaoiiiiee. Neaaeoao iiae/a?eiooue, /oi a OI? aia?aua a enoi?ee Oe?aeiu auea i?aaei?eiyoa iiiuoea aiieioeoue eiioeaioeeth iaoeeiiaeueii-ia?niiaeueiie aaoiiiiee a i?aeoeeo.
Aeinoaoi/ii ino?i noiye aii?in iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiuo ioiioaiee a caiaaeiioe?aeineeo caieyo, aaea i?iaeeaaei 71 % oe?aeioeaa, 14 % iieyeia, 13 % aa?aaa, 2 % aaia?ia, ?oiui e ae?.1 Oaea a ia?auo i?aaiauo aeoao Oe?aeineie Iaoeeiiaeueiie ?aaeu iiae/a?eeaaeinue, /oi anai a?aaeaeaiai COI?, aac o/aoa iaoeeiiaeueiinoe, i?aaeinoaaeyaony e aa?aioe?oaony iaoeeiiaeueiia ?aaiii?aaea. Anai iaoeeiiaeueiui iaiueoeinoaai i?aaeeaaaeinue eca?aoue naieo i?aaenoaaeoaeae a ninoaa Oe?aeineie Iaoeeiiaeueiie ?aaeu. Iaeiaei iieyee aieeioe?iaaee auai?u, a aa?ae e iaioeu ?aoeee ia i?eieiaoue a ieo o/anoey. ?oeiaiaeeoaee COI? auniei ioeaieaaee Caeii i iaoeeiiaeueii-ia?niiaeueiie aaoiiiiee, i?eiyoue Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeie. Anei?a Oe?aeineay Iaoeeiiaeueiay ?aaea oaeaea o/?aaeeea aeey iaoeeiiaeueiuo iaiueoeinoa ia?niiaeueioth aaoiiiieth, a 18 iiya?y 1918 aiaea aaaea aeieaeiinoe ainoaea?noaaiiuo nae?aoa?ae ii iieueneei, aa?aeneei e iaiaoeeei aeaeai. Aeey iaoeeiiaeueiuo iaiueoeinoa auea onoaiiaeaia eaioa i?e eca?aiee noaeae.
A niioaaonoaee n iaoeeiiaeueiui ninoaaii ianaeaiey COI? auee iacia/aiu auai?u a iiaue caeiiiaeaoaeueiue i?aai ?anioaeeee – naei. Ec 226 iineia naeia oe?aeioeu aeieaeiu auee eca?aoue 160, iieyee – 33, aa?ae – 27, iaioeu – 6. N yoie oeaeueth oa??eoi?ey COI? auea ?acaeaeaia ia 23 iaoeeiiaeueiuo ecae?aoaeueiuo ie?oaa (12 – oe?aeineeo, 5 – aa?aeneeo, 5 – iieueneeo, 1 – iaiaoeeee). Aaaeiui auei oi, /oi ca aeaiooaoia oie eee eiie iaoeeiiaeueiinoe aeieaeiu auee ioaeaaaoue aieina oieueei ecae?aoaee yoie iaoeeiiaeueiinoe, o.a. oe?aeioeaa ecae?aee oieueei oe?aeioeu, iieyeia – iieyee, aa?aaa – aa?ae, iaioeaa – iaioeu.
A niioaaonoaee n Caeiiii COI? ia oe?aeineii ycuea io 15yoaa?aey 1919 aiaea iaoeeiiaeueiui iaiueoeinoaai aa?aioe?iaaeinue i?aai naiaiaeiiai eniieueciaaiey a ioeoeeaeueiuo ioiioaieyo n ainoaea?noaaiiuie aeanoyie, ioaee/iuie einoeoooeeyie e ainoaea?noaaiiuie o/?aaeaeaieyie, onoii eee ienueiaiii, ?iaeiiai ycuea, a aeanoyi, ainoaea?noaaiiui einoeoooeeyi – ioaa/aoue a?aaeaeaiai ia eo ?iaeiii ycuea. Iaoeeiiaeueiui iaiueoeinoaai aa?aioe?iaaeinue i?aai naiaiaeiiai ?acaeoey naiaai ycuea, eoeueoo?u, i?aai eiaoue naie oeieu, aeaeeioaee, ecaeaoaeuenoaa e o.i.
A AAe? iniiau iaoeeiiaeueiie iieeoeee auee caeiaeaiu a Aeoa i iacaaeneiinoe, i. VI eioi?iai aeanee: . I?eia/aoaeueiui yaeyaony oi, /oi oeacaiiia iieiaeaiea iaoei iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea a i?aaiecaoeee e aeayoaeueiinoe Ia?eaiaioa. Oae, a Caeiia ia ia?aciaaiee Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai Ia?eaiaioa ioia/aeinue, /oi a Aca?aaeaeaeaia aeeaoo ia oieueei oth?ee e iiyoiio i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoai a Ia?eaiaioa ae?oaeo iaoeee, i?iaeeaathueo a no?aia, aeieaeii auoue i?iii?oeeiiaeueiui iaoeeiiaeueiiio ninoaao ianaeaiey Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeee: 1.
I?aaeiieaaaeinue neaaeothuei ia?acii ?ani?aaeaeeoue ianoa a Ia?eaiaioa: aca?aaeaeaeaioeu – 80 iano (ionoeueiaineia ianaeaiea aeieaeii auei aeaeaae?iaaoue caiiai eeoue 36 /eaiia Ia?eaiaioa, n au/aoii 44 oaea nouanoaothueo), a?iyia – 21 (Ayiaeaea e Oooa – ii 8, Aaeeineee a?iyineee iaoeeiiaeueiue eiieoao – 5), ?onneea – 10, io iaoeeiiaeueiuo iaiueoeinoa (iaioeu, aa?ae, a?oceiu e iieyee) – ii 1, Aaeeineee i?ionithc – 3 ianoa, niaao Aaeeineeo iaooai?iiuoeaiieeia aianoa n Oi?aiai-I?iiuoeaiiui nithcii – 2 ianoa.
Eae aeaeii, a Caeiia iieiinoueth aue o/oai iiiaiiaoeeiiaeueiue ninoaa ianaeaiey ?anioaeeee. Oae, ec ianaeyaoeo a oi a?aiy Aca?aaeaeaeai 2,75 iei. /ae. 1,9 iei. ninoaaeyee aca?aaeaeaeaioeu, 0,5yiei. – a?iyia, 0,23 iei. – ?onneea2. Eae ni?aaaaeeeai ioia/aao Aeae. Aanaiia, ie a iaeiii ec iaoeeiiaeueiuo ainoaea?noa, ia?aciaaiiuo ia oa??eoi?ee auaoae ?inneeneie eiia?ee, i?aaa ia?iaeia, ninoaaeythueo iaiueoeinoaa, ia auee caueuaiu oaeei aeaiie?aoe/aneei ia?acii1.
*eaiu Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai Ia?eaiaioa iauaaeeiyeenue ai o?aeoeee ia oieueei ii ia?oeeiie, ii e ii iaoeeiiaeueiie i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe. A Ia?eaiaioa o?aeoeey ninoiyea ec 5 /eaiia, o?aeoeey a?iyineie iaueiu e ae?oaeo iaoeeiiaeueiuo iaiueoeinoa – ec 4. Ianiio?y ia i?eciaiea ca aca?aaeaeaeaineei ycueii noaoona ainoaea?noaaiiiai, i?aaenoaaeoaeyi ae?oaeo iaoeeiiaeueiinoae oai ia iaiaa auei i?aaeinoaaeaii i?aai aunooieaiey a Ia?eaiaioa ia ?onneii ycuea.
A i?ia?aiiao aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaeoaeuenoaa iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiui ioiioaieyi oaeaeyeinue iniaia aieiaiea. Iai?eia?, i?e i?aaiecaoeee eiaeeoeeiiiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa iiae eiaeeoeeae iiieiaeinue ia oieueei ia?oeeiia, ii e iaoeeiiaeueiia iauaaeeiaiea. A niioaaonoaee n yoei, a ninoaa i?aaeoaeuenoaa aoiaeeee o?e ieieno?a, i?aaenoaaeythuea ?onneia ianaeaiea, e o?e ieieno?a – a?iyineia ianaeaiea. A i?ia?aiia i?aaeoaeuenoaa aiai?eeinue: 2.
7.2. Ia?eaiaio e i?aaiecaoeey aeanoe ia ianoao
A aieueoeinoaa no?ai ie?a ianoiia naiioi?aaeaiea ia aoiaeeo a nenoaio ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe, caieiay iniaia iieiaeaiea eae i?iyaeaiea iieeoe/aneie aeanoe oa??eoi?eaeueiiai eieeaeoeaa. Iaeiaei iii yaeyaony i/aiue aeeceei ii oa?aeoa?o e oi?iai aeayoaeueiinoe e ainoaea?noaaiiui i?aaiai. E?iia oiai, a ?yaea no?ai ia ianoao aeaenoaotho i?aaenoaaeoaee ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe, eioi?ua oaniui ia?acii naycaiu n i?aaiaie naiioi?aaeaiey. Iaaeaeo ieie e i?aaiaie naiioi?aaeaiey ?acaeaeaiu iaeioi?ua iieiiii/ey ii oi?aaeaieth ianoiuie aeaeaie. Yoe i?aaenoaaeoaee inouanoaeytho aaeieieno?aoeaiue eiio?ieue ca aeayoaeueiinoueth i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey. Ana yoi eiaei ianoi a i?aeoeea ainoaea?noaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa Oe?aeiu e Aca?aaeaeaeaia a 1917 – 1920 aiaeao.
II Oieaa?nae nio?aiye nouanoaothuoth nenoaio i?aaiia ianoiie aeanoe. Eae ecaanoii, aieueoaaeee auee noi?iiieeaie neiia i?aaeoanoaothuae ainoaea?noaaiiie nenoaiu. Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea, iaiai?io, noa?aeanue i?eniiniaeoue aa e iio?aaiinoyi iaoeeiiaeueii-ainoaea?noaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa. Ia?ano?ieea yoeo i?aaiia, ii caiuneo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu, aeieaeia auea i?ieoe ianeieueei yoaiia.
Oeaeue ia?aiai yoaia – oe?aeiecaoeey ianoiuo i?aaiia e eo ia?ai?eaioaoeey ia iiaoth aeanoue. A ?aaioa A. Aeiie/aiei ienae: . Ia aoi?ii yoaia i?aaeoniao?eaaeanue ia?ano?ieea ianoiie e iauae e?aaaie aaeieieno?aoeaiie aeanoe a iai?aaeaiee oe?aieaiey naycae n Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeie. Ia o?aoueai yoaia noaaeeinue caaeaiea ?acaeoey ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey e ?anoe?aiea eiiiaoaioeee aai i?aaiia.
?oeiaiaenoai anae nenoaiie i?aaiia naiioi?aaeaiey inouanoaeyei Aaia?aeueiia nae?aoa?noai (n ai?aey 1918 aiaea – aeaia?oaiaio ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey Ieienoa?noaa aioo?aiieo aeae), /oi oaeoe/anee i?ioeai?a/eei naiie eaeaa naiioi?aaeaiey.
IV Oieaa?nae aeiiieiee nouanoaothuea i?aaiu ianoiie aeanoe Niaaoaie ?aai/a-e?anoueyineeo e nieaeaoneeo aeaiooaoia, /oi aua aieaa caiooaei nenoaio i?aaiia naiioi?aaeaiey. O?aaoee?iaaoue ioiioaiey iaaeaeo yoeie iiiai/eneaiiuie i?aaiaie aeieaeai aue Caiaeueiue caeii io 27 yiaa?y 1918 aiaea. A niioaaonoaee ni no. 4 Caeiia oi?aaeaiea caieyie ianoiiai iieueciaaiey i?eiaaeeaaeaei i?aaiai ai?iaeneiai naiioi?aaeaiey, a ae?oaeie caieyie – naeueneei iaueiai, aieinoiui, oacaeiui e aoaa?ineei caiaeueiui eiieoaoai a i?aaeaeao eo eiiiaoaioeee.
6 ia?oa 1918 aiaea Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea ooaa?aeeea Caeii . Any oa??eoi?ey no?aiu auea ?acaeaeaia ia o?eaeoeaoue aeaa caiee. A niioaaonoaee n iiaui aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiui aeaeaieai aeieaeia auea no?ieoueny nenoaia i?aaiia ianoiie aeanoe, ii?aaeaeaiiay no. 5 Eiinoeoooeee OI? io 29 ai?aey 1918 aiaea. Yoo nenoaio ninoaaeyee: caiee, aieinoe e iaueiu. Ei i?aaeinoaaeyeenue i?aaa oe?ieiai naiioi?aaeaiey. Ii no. 26 Eiinoeoooeee OI?, niaaoai e oi?aaai iauei, aieinoae e caiaeue .
Iaeiaei oaeoe/anee yoa nenoaia inoaeanue eeoue ii?iaoeaiie iiaeaeueth, eioi?ay ia auea ?aaeeciaaia, i?aaeaea anaai, ii i?e/eiai: ia?aoeoaeueiinoe Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu ii ?aoi?ie?iaaieth nenoaiu ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey; ionoonoaey iaaeeaaeauae i?aaiaie aacu, eioi?ay au ?aaeaiaioe?iaaea iieiiii/ey e aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey; no?oeoo?iie iaii?aaeae?iiinoe nenoaiu ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey; ionoonoaey ainoaea?noaaiiiai oeiaine?iaaiey ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey; iaaiciiaeiinoe ?aaeueiiai aeeyiey i?aaiia naiioi?aaeaiey ia ianoioth aeeciue.
Oaeei ia?acii, eaeay I. A?ooaaneiai i oii, /oi , oae e ia auea aiieiuaia a aeeciue, /oi noaei iaeiie ec nouanoaaiiuo ioeaie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu, iineieueeo eeoeei a? iiaeaea?aeee ia ianoao.
Ioiinynue e?eoe/anee e aeayoaeueiinoe Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu a iaeanoe ainoaea?noaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa, Aee?aeoi?ey oai ia iaiaa iicaeinoaiaaea aa iiuo a oi?ie?iaaiee ianoiie aeanoe. Aeanoue ia ianoao i?aaenoaaeyee aieinoiua, oacaeiua, aoaa?ineea eiienna?u e aoaiaiu, eioi?uo iacia/aea Aee?aeoi?ey. A eo ?oeao auea nin?aaeioi/aia any ?aaeueiay aeanoue a i?iaeioeee. A iaeioi?uo aoaa?ieyo auea ainnoaiiaeaia aeayoaeueiinoue aei?aaiethoeeiiiuo i?aaiia ai?iaeneiai e caineiai naiioi?aaeaiey – caineea nia?aiey e caineea oi?aau, a oaeaea ai?iaeneea aeoiu e ai?iaeneea oi?aau. I?aeoe/anee iianaianoii aeaenoaiaaee ?aaiethoeeiiiua Niaaou ?aai/eo e e?anoueyineeo aeaiooaoia.
24 ethiy 1919 aiaea Ieienoa?noai aioo?aiieo aeae ooaa?aeeei eino?oeoeeth , a niioaaonoaee n eioi?ie aieinoiie eiienna? iacia/aeny ia aeieaeiinoue oacaeiui, oacaeiue – aoaa?ineei e ooaa?aeaeaeny Ieienoa?noaii aioo?aiieo aeae. Aoaa?ineiai eiienna?a iacia/ae ieieno? aioo?aiieo aeae e ooaa?aeaeaea Aee?aeoi?ey. Eniieieoaeueiuie i?aaiaie ia o?iaia oacaea auee eiienna?eaou, a ia o?iaia aoaa?iee – oi?aaeaiey. Eaaeaeia iineaaeiaa iiae?acaeaeyeinue ia iyoue ioaeaeia: iauee, aaeieieno?aoeaiue, ianii?oiue, einiaeoeee ieeeoeee, aooaaeoa?nei-n/?oiue.
Cia/eoaeueii aieaa oe?ieeie, a n?aaiaiee n a?aiaiaie Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu, auee iieiiii/ey eiienna?ia, eioi?ua iaaethaeaee ca eniieiaieai ?anii?yaeaiee oeaio?aeueiie aeanoe, inouanoaeyee iiaeeecaoeeiiioth ?aaioo e ?oeiaiaenoai ieeeoeeae, eioi?ie?iaaee ianaeaiea i aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaeoaeuenoaa. Aoaa?ineee eiienna? iaaeaeyeny oaeaea i?aaii ecaeaaaoue iaycaoaeueiua iinoaiiaeaiey, eanathueany io?aiu iauanoaaiiiai ii?yaeea, niieienoaey e ?anioaeeeaineiai no?iy, e inouanoaeye iauaa ?oeiaiaenoai i?aaiaie naiioi?aaeaiey a ai?iaeao – ai?iaeneeie aeoiaie e oi?aaaie, a oaeaea a cainoaao – caineeie nia?aieyie e caineeie oi?aaaie. I?aaeoniao?eaaeinue, /oi Eino?oeoeey aoaeao nio?aiyoue nai? aeaenoaea aei i?eiyoey Caeiia i nenoaia oi?aaeaiey ia ianoao. E niaeaeaieth, Eino?oeoeey oae e ia o?aaoee?iaaea i?iaeaio acaeiiioiioaiee ianoiie aeanoe e i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey. Aoaa?ineea eiienna?u inouanoaeyee iauaa ?oeiaiaenoai i?aaiaie naiioi?aaeaiey a ai?iaeao – ai?iaeneeie aeoiaie e oi?aaaie. I?aaiaie iniiaie aeey yoiai auei ?inneeneia caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai1.
Oaeei ia?acii, Aee?aeoi?ey ii ioiioaieth e i?aaiai ianoiiai oi?aaeaiey e naiioi?aaeaiey iiaoi?eea oa aea ioeaee, eioi?ua aeiionoeea Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea e aaoiaineia i?aaeoaeuenoai. Eae nenoaia yoeo i?aaiia, oae e eo iieiiii/ey ia iieo/eee /?oeie i?aaiaie iniiau. Oe?aeineay aeanoue iuoaeanue aeoeaece?iaaoue aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey, eioi?ua ia eiaee aeey yoiai ieeaeeo n?aaenoa2.
Aieaa ?aoeoaeueiui auei ioiioaiea e ?aoi?ie?iaaieth ianoiie aeanoe a caiaaeii-oe?aeineeo caieyo. 1 iiya?y 1918 aiaea Oe?aeineay Iaoeeiiaeueiay ?aaea iauyaeea i eeeaeaeaoeee ia anae oa??eoi?ee ainoaea?noaa i?aaeieo i?aaiia ianoiie aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey e i?ecaaea ia?iae e nicaeaieth iiauo, oe?aeineeo. A oa/aiea ianyoea auai?u a ianoiua i?aaiu aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey i?ioee ia anae oa??eoi?ee COI?. Oaeeie i?aaiaie noaee: a n?eao e ai?iaeao – iauanoaaiiua e ai?iaeneea eiienna?u; a oacaeao -oacaeiua eiienna?u.
Ai anao aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiuo aaeeieoeao auee nicaeaiu , eioi?ua auiieiyee ooieoeee niaauaoaeueiiai i?aaia. Oacaeiiai eiienna?a iacia/ae ainoaea?noaaiiue nae?aoa?ue aioo?aiieo aeae, a naeueneeo, ai?iaeneeo eiienna?ia e ecae?aei ianaeaiea. Ii Caeiio io 16 iiya?y 1918yaiaea, oacaeiue eiienna? aue aunoei i?aaenoaaeoaeai aeanoe a oacaea. Ii ooaa?aeaeae eca?aiiua eaiaeeaeaoo?u naeueneeo e ai?iaeneeo eiienna?ia. Aio i?eiaaeeaaeaei i?aai ?inionea e iacia/aiey iiauo auai?ia a ieo.
E?iia oiai, oacaeiua eiienna?u aeieaeiu auee:
1) iaa?aaaoue eioa?anu oe?aeineie ainoaea?noaaiiinoe e i?ioeaiaeaenoaiaaoue iiiuoeai iaianoe ae a?aae;
2) i?eieiaoue i?enyao io neoaeaueo oacaeiuo neoaea;
3) i?eieiaoue ?aoaiea a neo/aa ioeaca aano?eeneeo neoaeaueo io auiieiaiey naieo iaycaiiinoae;
4) ooaa?aeaeaoue ?anii?yaeaiey oacaeiuo aeanoae;
5) aeaaaoue ?ac?aoaiea ia iioaiea i?oaeey a?aaeaeaineiio ianaeaieth;
6) inouanoaeyoue iaaeci? ca aeaeii?iecaiaenoaii anao ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia e neoaeaaiuo eeoe a oacaea.
Caeii ?aaeaiaioe?iaae oaeaea ii?yaeie auai?ia, no?oeoo?o e ooieoeee .
Oaeei ia?acii, a ei?ioeee n?ie auea noi?ie?iaaia aeinoaoi/ii /aoeay nenoaia oeaio?aeueiuo e ianoiuo i?aaiia aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey. Neaaeoao niaeaneoueny n I. Noaoaeueiui a oii, /oi ?acau/aeii auno?ia e yooaeoeaiia nicaeaiea aaeieieno?aoeaiiai aiia?aoa i?aaenoaaeyei niaie aeinoeaeaiea, eioi?ia iiaee iiaoi?eoue ?aaeei eaeea ec iiauo ainoi/iiaa?iiaeneeo ainoaea?noa, ia aiai?y oaea i i?aaeoaeuenoaao Ainoi/iie Oe?aeiu>1.
Aca?aaeaeaeaineee iooue oi?ie?iaaiey i?aaiia ianoiie aeanoe e i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey ai iiiaii aue noiaeiui n oai iooai, eioi?ue i?ioea Oe?aeia. A i?aaeoanoaothuee caaiaaaieth iacaaeneiinoe ia?eiae ianoiuie i?aaiaie ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe A?aiaiiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa a Aca?aaeaeaeaia auee niioaaonoaothuea eniieieoaeueiua eiieoaou iauanoaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee e eca?aiiua eie eiienna?u. Nenoaia e ii?yaeie i?aaiecaoeee e aeayoaeueiinoe yoeo i?aaiia ?aaeaiaioe?iaaeenue iinoaiiaeaieai Iniaiai Caeaaeacneiai Eiieoaoa io 27 ai?aey 1917 aiaea. E?iia oiai, a ai?iaeao e oacaeao Aca?aaeaeaeaia nicaeaaaeenue iaoeeiiaeueiua eiieoaou. Ia aoaeo/e i?aaiaie aeanoe, yoe eiieoaou o/anoaiaaee a i?aaiecaoeee aeanoe ia ianoao, e eo aeayoaeueiinoue iineea iaoeeiiaeueii-iieeoe/aneee oa?aeoa?.
Iinea i?iaicaeaoaiey iacaaeneiinoe Aca?aaeaeaeaia ia/eiaaony oi?ie?iaaiea i?aaiia ianoiie aeanoe. Niaeanii iinoaiiaeaieth i?aaeoaeuenoaa io 23 ethiy 1918 aiaea i nio?aiaiee a neea anao caeiiia ?innee ia oa??eoi?ee ?anioaeeee, i?aaiecaoeey e aeayoaeueiinoue ianoiuo i?aaiia ?aaoee?iaaeenue niioaaonoaothueie noa?uie caeiiaie (Iauaa O/?aaeaeaiea Aoaa?ineia, O/?aaeaeaiea Oi?aaeaiey Eaaeacneiai E?ay, Iieiaeaiea i naeueneii ninoiyiee (o. IX Naiaea Caeiiia ?inneeneie eiia?ee) e Ai?iaeiaia Iieiaeaiea (o. II Naiaea Caeiiia ?inneeneie eiia?ee). Ii iinoaiiaeaieth I?aaeoaeuenoaa io 7 ethiy 1918 aiaea, n nicaeaieai niioaaonoaothueo i?aaiia aeanoe ia ianoao ana iaoeeiiaeueiua eiieoaou eeeaeaee?othony. Iaiaoiaeeii caiaoeoue, /oi a ia?eiae aia?oee ionoeueiaineea iaoeeiiaeueiua eiieoaou, noaa aaeeinoaaiiuie i?aaiecothueie neeaie ia ianoao, /anoe/ii auiieiyee ooieoeee i?aaiia aeanoe.
Ii aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiiio aeaeaieth ?anioaeeea ninoiyea ec o?ao aoaa?iee – Aaeeineie, Ayiaeaeeineie (auaoae Aeecaaaoiieueneie) e Caeaoaeueneie, i?aaieciaaiiie ec auaoaai Caeaoaeueneiai ie?oaa. A niioaaonoaee n auoaoeacaiiuie caeiiaie ai aeaaa ianoiie aeanoe noiyee aoaa?iaoi?u, a e?oa iieiiii/ee eioi?uo aoiaeeei: iaaeci? ca eniieiaieai anaie i?aaiaie e eeoeaie caeiiia e eiuo aeoia, i?iyaeaiea caaiou i ?acaeoee oicyenoaa e aeaaininoiyiee ianaeaiey aoaa?iee, caueoa iauanoaaiiiai ii?yaeea e aaciianiinoe, eiio?ieue ca anaie a?aaeaeaineeie o/?aaeaeaieyie, ca auiieiaieai ainoaea?noaaiiuo iaycaiiinoae e ca ai?iaeneei e naeueneei naiioi?aaeaieai; a ea/anoaa aeaaiiai ia/aeueieea ianoiie iieeoeee – ?oeiaiaenoai aeayoaeueiinoueth ii caueoa i?aaiii?yaeea, iaia?oaeaieth, i?aaeioa?auaieth e enei?aiaieth i?anooieaiee e o.ae.
A Aaeo e i?eeaaathuai e iaio i?iiuneiaii ?aeiia ooieoeee aoaa?iaoi?a auiieiye iaoiaeyueeny ia ?aaiii i?aaiaii iieiaeaiee n iei aaeeineee a?aaeiia/aeueiee. Yoa aeieaeiinoue auea o/?aaeaeaia a neeo iniauo oneiaee aeecie a i?iiuneiaui ?aeiia e a Aaeo eae noieeoea ainoaea?noaa, eioi?ua o?aaiaaee iaee/ey niaoeeaeueiiai i?aaia aeanoe aeey io?aiu i?aaiii?yaeea e aaciianiinoe.
Aoaa?iaoi?u, a niioaaonoaee n ?inneeneeie caeiiaie, inouanoaeyee naith aeayoaeueiinoue n iiiiuueth aoaa?ineeo i?aaeaiee, a ninoaa eioi?uo iie aoiaeeee a ea/anoaa i?aaenaaeaoaeae. Aoaa?ineia i?aaeaiea ninoiyei ec ianeieueeeo niaaoieeia, aaaeoueo ii iaeiie a?oiia aeae (aaeieieno?aoeaii-iieeoeaeneeo, cainei-oicyenoaaiiuo, no?ieoaeueiuo, aei?iaeiuo e o. ae.), ioiinyueony e eiiiaoaioeee yoiai i?aaeaiey.
Iaeiaei aoaa?ineea i?aaeaiey nouanoaiaaee oieueei a Ayiaeaeeineie e Caeaoaeueneie aoaa?ieyo. A Aaeo i?e aoaa?iaoi?a e a?aaeiia/aeueieea nouanoaiaaei Oi?aaeaiea, ninoiyuaa ec ioaeaeaiee e yaeythuaany i?inoi eaioeaey?eae. Iii aeaenoaiaaei oieueei ii ?anii?yaeaieth aoaa?iaoi?a e a?aaeiia/aeueieea eee aea eo iiiiuieeia.
Ana oeacaiiua i?aaenoaaeoaee aeanoe ia ianoao iacia/aeenue ia aeieaeiinoue ii iinoaiiaeaieth Niaaoa Ieieno?ia.
Neaaeothuae ca aoaa?ieyie aaeieieno?aoeaiie aaeeieoeae a ?anioaeeea yaeyeenue oacaeu, ia eioi?ua ?acaeaeyeenue aoaa?iee, ca eneeth/aieai Caeaoaeueneie aoaa?iee. A ?anioaeeea auei anaai 14yoacaeia. Caeaoaeueneay aoaa?iey aea aeaeeeanue iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia iieeoeaeneea o/anoee. Oacaeaie ?oeiaiaeeee oacaeiua ia/aeueieee, iacia/aaiua ieieno?ii aioo?aiieo aeae. A oacaeao ai aeaaa iieeoeee iaoiaeeeenue oacaeiua ia/aeueieee, a a aoaa?ineeo ai?iaeao iieeoeeae caaaaeiaaee iieeoeiaenoa?u.
Oacaeu e aoaa?ineea ai?iaea ?acaeaeyeenue ia iieeoeaeneea o/anoee, ai aeaaa eioi?uo noiyee iieeoeaeneea i?enoaau. Hacia/aiea i?enoaaia ia aeieaeiinoue e inaiaiaeaeaiea eo io aeieaeiinoe inouanoaeyeinue aoaa?iaoi?aie. Iaycaiiinoue i?enoaaia caeeth/aeanue a eniieiaiee o?aaiaaiee niioaaonoaothueo i?aaiia aunoae aeanoe, a io?aia ii?yaeea e aaciianiinoe a iieeoeaeneii o/anoea e a iaaeci?a ca aeaeaie aeaaiono?ienoaa.
Yoe aaeieieno?aoeaiua i?aaiu a iniiaiii auiieiyee iieeoeaeneea ooieoeee. Ae?oaea iaeanoe oi?aaeaiey, iaoiaeyueany a iiae/eiaiee niioaaonoaothueo ieienoa?noa (iai?eia?, oeiainu, ia?aciaaiea, oi?aiaey e o.i.), ia ianoao eiaee naie ioaeaeaiey eee aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe. Hai?eia?, aeey inouanoaeaiey oi?aaeaiey a iaeanoe io?aiu o?oaea oa??eoi?ey ?anioaeeee aeaeeeanue ia 8 ?aeiiiuo einiaeoeee o?oaea, e eo aeayoaeueiinoue iai?aaeyeanue aeaaiui einiaeoi?ii o?oaea Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeee.
Caeiiii io 26 iay 1919 aiaea ia ianoao a ea/anoaa i?aaiia, aaaeathueo aeaeaie aieineie iiaeiiinoe, auee nicaeaiu oacaeiua, ie?oaeiua e ai?iaeneea ii aieineie iiaeiiinoe i?enoonoaey.
Aeey inouanoaeaiey ia ianoao oi?aaeaiey ii ainoaea?noaaiiiio i?ec?aieth oa??eoi?ey ?anioaeeee aeaeeeanue ia 6 ie?oaia: Aaeo (Aaeo, Aaeeineee e Eoaeineee oacaeu), Ayiaeaea (Ayiaeaea, Ayiaeaeeineee e Eacaoneee oacaeu), Oaiaoa (Oaiaoeineee e Aaie/aeneee oacaeu), Hooa (Hooeineee e Y?aoneee oacaeu e Caeaoaeueneay aoaa?iey), Ea?aaao (Aeaeaaaioe?neee, Oooeineee, Aeaeaa?aeeueneee e Caiaaco?neee oacaeu) e Eaiei?aiue (Eaiei?aiueneee e Aeaeaaaaeneee oacaeu). Ai aeaaa ie?oaia noiyee einiaeoi?a i?ec?aiey. I?e yoii onoaiiaeaiea aeanoe a AAe? e ainnoaiiaeaiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai noaa?aieoaoa a iaeioi?uo iaeanoyo ?anioaeeee auei inouanoaeaii n ?yaeii o?oaeiinoae.
A aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiia aeaeaiea Eaaeacneiai Aca?aaeaeaeaia aeeth/aei: Aaeeineoth aoaa?ieth (ai?iae Aaeo, Aeaeaaaaeneee, Aaie/aeneee, Oaiaoeineee, Eoaeineee, Eaiei?aiueneee oacaeu); Aeecaaaoiiieueneoth (Ayiaeaeeineoth) aoaa?ieth (Aeaeaaaioe?neee, Iooeineee, A?aoneee, Oooeineee, Aeaeaa?aeeueneee, Caiaaco?neee e Eacaoneee oacaeu); E?aaaineoth aoaa?ieth (Iaoe/aaaiueneee, Oa?o?i-Aea?aeaaacneee, No?iaeeineee oacaeu e /anoe Iiai-Aayceaeneiai, A/ieaaeceineiai e Aeaenaiae?iiieueneiai oacaeia); iniiaiua /anoe Ai?/aeeineiai, Oeoeenneiai e Nuaiaaneiai oacaeia Oeoeenneie aoaa?iee oaeaea yaeyeenue oa??eoi?eae Aca?aaeaeaeaia; Caeaoaeueneee oacae; /anoue oa??eoi?ee Aeaaanoaineiai ?aaeiia, ioaaouaathuae aaoae ?ae Eo?a e Naio?, a oaeaea /anoue Aaeoaa-Oaaana?aineiai oacaea, aeeth/ay Aea?aaio e aai ie?aeiu.
A oacaeao Ayiaeaeeineie aoaa?iee (Ea?aaaoneee ?aaeii) a?iyineia ianaeaiea, ninoaaeythuaa ii /eneaiiinoe iaiueoeinoai, a?aaeaeaaii ioiineeinue e aeanoe e auaeaeaaei iiae aeaaeaieai A?iaiee oa??eoi?eaeueiua i?eoycaiey. Aia?oey ia ii/aa iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiuo ?aciiaeanee ia?aoea ana aeiionoeiua a?aieoeu e ainnoaiiaeaiea noaaeeueiiai ii?yaeea iin?aaenoaii iau/iuo n?aaenoa e iaoiaeia auei i/aiue o?oaeiui.
13 yiaa?y 1919 aiaea ii iinoaiiaeaieth Niaaoa Ieieno?ia ia oeacaiiie oa??eoi?ee nicaeaaony ioaeaeueiia, a?aiaiiia Ea?aaaoneia aaia?ae-aoaa?iaoi?noai, ninoiyuaa ec Oooeineiai, Aeaeaaaioe?neiai, Aeaeaa?aeeueneiai e Caiaaco?neiai oacaeia; iinoaiiaeaieai io 29 yiaa?y O. Noeoaiia iacia/aaony aaia?ae-aoaa?iaoi?ii. Oeaeueth nicaeaiey aaia?ae-aoaa?iaoi?noaa a yoii ?aaeiia auei i?aaeioa?auaiea naia?aoenoneiai aeaeaeaiey i?iaeeaathueo a Ea?aaaoa a?iyi e, a i?aaeaeao aiciiaeiinoe, onoaiiaeaiea aeanoe ?anioaeeee a yoii ?aaeiia ?aoeoaeueiuie ie?iuie ia?ii?eyoeyie.
A nei?ii a?aiaie, a ?acoeueoaoa i?eiyouo ia?, iieiaeaiea a yoii ?aaeiia ii?iaeeciaaeinue e 22 ethey 1919 aiaea auea aeinoeaiooa aeiaiai?aiiinoue n i?aaenoaaeoaeyie a?iyineiai ianaeaiey. Oaeei ia?acii, iaae yoie oa??eoi?eae aue onoaiiaeai noaa?aieoao AAe?. Nionoy o?e aeiy aue oaeaea eeeaeaee?iaai aoio, i?aaieciaaiiue i?ioea iaoeeiiaeueiiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai no?iy a Eaiei?aie e Ioaaia. A eioi?iaoeee A. Oii/eaaoaaa, iniiaaiiie ia oaeaa?aiia ieieno?a eiino?aiiuo aeae a nayce n yoeie niauoeyie, aiai?eeinue: 1.
A Eacaoneii oacaea Ayiaeaeeineie aoaa?iee iaoeeiiaeueiua noieeiiaaiey oaeaea i?eiyee aieueoie ?aciao. Caeanue aeey ainnoaiiaeaiey ii?yaeea n 17 oaa?aey 1919 aiaea auea o/?aaeaeaia aeieaeiinoue iniaiai oiieiiii/aiiiai Ieienoa?noaa aioo?aiieo aeae n i?aaaie aaia?ae-aoaa?iaoi?a.
?oeiaiaenoaii AAe? aeey onoaiiaeaiey aeanoe ?anioaeeee oaeaea a /anoe E?aaaineie aoaa?iee, aoiaeeaoae a i?aaeaeu Aca?aaeaeaeaia (Haoe/aaaiueneee, Oa?o?i-Aea?aeaaacneee, No?iaeeineee oacaeu, /anoue Aayceaeneiai, A/ieaaeceineiai, E?aaaineiai e Aeaenaiae?iiieueneiai oacaeia), auee i?eiyou niioaaonoaothuea ia?u. Aua iinoaiiaeaieai io 14 aaaonoa 1918 aiaea ieieno?o aioo?aiieo aeae ii?o/aeinue a e?ao/aeoea n?iee i?aaieciaaoue aaeieieno?aoeaioth aeanoue a /anoe E?aaaineie aoaa?iee, aoiaeeaoae a i?aaeaeu Aca?aaeaeaeaia.
A?iyineia aeaoiaoeeia i?aaeoaeuenoai iinea ooiaea oo?aoeeeo aiene ec Aca?aaeaeaeaia oioaei i/enoeoue Haoe/aaaiueneee, Oa?o?i-Aea?aeaaacneee, No?iaeeineee, E?aaaineee, A/ieaaeceineee oacaeu e Ea?neoth iaeanoue io ionoeueiaineiai ianaeaiey e onoaiiaeoue ia yoie oa??eoi?ee aeanoue A?iyineiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa. Ianoiia ionoeueiaineia ianaeaiea nii?ioeaeyeinue i?aoai?aieth a aeeciue yoiai ieaia. A eiioea iiya?y 1918 aiaea nicaeaaony A?acneay ?anioaeeea (a i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuo aeieoiaioao oiai a?aiaie oaeaea eiaioaony eae A?acnei-Oo?aoeeay ?anioaeeea), oeaio?ii eioi?ie auea Haoe/aaaiue. A aa oa??eoi?eth aoiaeeee Haoe/aaaiueneee e Oa?o?i-Aea?aeaaacneee oacaeu, Na?aea?aaaae, Oeooaieu, Aaaeeaana?, Eaia?ee, Iaa?e e ae?oaea ?aaeiiu. Oi?ie?othony i?aaiu aeanoe ?anioaeeee (i?aaeoaeuenoai, ia?eaiaio).
Iaeiaei Ia?eaiaio ia niia ?anoe?eoue naith aeayoaeueiinoue a neeo oyaeaeiai iieeoe/aneiai iieiaeaiey e ae?oaeo i?e/ei. ?anioaeeea, n iaeiie noi?iiu, iuoaaony io?aceoue i?aoaicee a?iyi, n ae?oaie – iiaeaioiaeoue ainniaaeeiaiea n Aca?aaeaeaeaiii, e /aio no?aieeinue ana ianaeaiea ?anioaeeee eae n ?aeeaeiciie, oae e n ycueiaie noi?iiu. E niaeaeaieth, a neiaeeaoaeny neooaoeee AAe? ia niiaea ieacuaaoue iaiaoiaeeioth iiiiuue yoie ?anioaeeea, /oi noaei, eae ioia/aao E. Ionaaa, aua iaeiie i?e/eiie, iiaeeyaoae ia noaeueao A?acneie ?anioaeeee.
1 aeaeaa?y 1918 aiaea i?iaicaeaoaaony ia?aciaaiea THai-Caiaaeiie Eaaeacneie ?anioaeeee (ii iacaaieth naiaai iieeoe/aneiai e aaeieieno?aoeaiiai oeaio?a oaeaea iacuaaeanue Ea?nneie ?anioaeeeie). A Aeoa ia ia?aciaaiee THai-Caiaaeiie Eaaeacneie ?anioaeeee oa??eoi?ey A?acneie ?anioaeeee auea iacaaia a ninoaaa ia?aie. A. Aaaeaeeaa a yoie nayce ni?aaaaeeeai ioia/aao, /oi aoiaeaeaiea a ninoaa THai-Caiaaeiie Eaaeacneie ?anioaeeee iineei oi?iaeueiue oa?aeoa?, iioiio /oi yoi auei io?aaeaii oieueei a aeoa i i?iaicaeaoaiee Ea?nneie ?anioaeeee, a oaeoe/anee A?acnei-Oo?aoeeay ?anioaeeea auea naiinoiyoaeueii nouanoaothuae ?anioaeeeie. E?iia oiai, iia nouanoaiaaea e aei nicaeaiey Ea?nneie ?anioaeeee, a oaeaea ia?aeeaeueii n iae e iinea ieii/aiey aa aeayoaeueiinoe.
A aeaeaa?a 1918 aiaea aii?oaeaiiua oi?ie?iaaiey A?iaiee niaa?oatho aa?anneth i?ioea A?acneie ?anioaeeee. A ia/aea yiaa?y 1919 aiaea iie caoaaouaatho Oa?o?neee, No?iaeeineee oacaeu e /anoue E?aaaineiai e A/ieaaeceineiai oacaeia, canaeaiioth ionoeueiaiaie, e aeaeaathony a noi?iio Haoe/aaaie. I?ioaiea ianaeaiey E?aaaineie aoaa?iee, iiaeienaiiia /eaiaie Ia?eaiaioa A?acneie ?anioaeeee io 7 yiaa?y 1919 aiaea, ianoaeaeaaony ia canaaeaiee Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai Ia?eaiaioa e I?aaeoaeuenoao i?aaeeaaaaony .
Auoaniaiea ec Haoe/aaaie a?iyineeo aii?oaeaiiuo oi?ie?iaaiee, a ?acoeueoaoa i?aaei?eiyouo ia?, oe?aieei nayce yoiai ?aaeiia n AAe?. Ainiieueciaaaoenue yoei, I?aaeoaeuenoai AAe? iacia/eei nthaea aaia?ae-aoaa?iaoi?a. Aca?aaeaeaeaineia I?aaeoaeuenoai, o/eouaathuaa aeaeaiey e no?aieaiey ianoiiai ianaeaiey ?aaeiia i i?eniaaeeiaiee e AAe? e iiiuoee aia?eeaioeaa nicaeaoue caeanue naia aaia?ae-aoaa?iaoi?noai, ?ac?aaioaei i?iaeo noaoona ?aaeiia. Niaeanii i?iaeoo, Aca?aaeaeaeaineia I?aaeoaeuenoai niaeaoaeinue n a?aiaiiui nicaeaieai caeanue iniaiai aaia?ae-aoaa?iaoi?noaa e iacia/aieai aaia?ae-aoaa?iaoi?a ec /enea aia?eeaineeo a?aaeaeai. Aianoa n oai auaeaeaaeinue o?aaiaaiea oi?aaeaiey oacaeaie ni noi?iiu ianoiuo iaoeeiiaeueiuo niaaoia, ecae?aaiuo iooai iauaai, i?yiiai, ?aaiii?aaiiai e oaeiiai aieiniaaiey.
Any aeanoue ia ianoao (aaeieieno?aoeaiay e noaeaaiay), aeaeaciay e oinnaeiay aei?iae, ii/oa-oaeaa?ao, ia?iaeiia i?inaauaiea e o. ae. aoiaeeee a eneeth/eoaeueioth eiiiaoaioeeth niaaoa; aaeieieno?aoeaiia oi?aaeaiea aeieaeii auei i?aaieciauaaoueny ec i?aaenoaaeoaeae iaoeee, ninoaaeythuae aieueoeinoai; ai anai aaia?ae-aoaa?iaoi?noaa aeieaeiu auee auoue iauyaeaiu naiaiaea ia/aoe, niaanoe, neiaa, iai?eeiniiaaiiinoue ee/iinoe e eiouanoaa; athaeaeao aaia?ae-aoaa?iaoi?noaa aeieaeai aue ?anniao?eaaoueny a Aca?aaeaeaeaineii Ia?eaiaioa, iaaeinoathuay noiia aeieaeia auea oeiaine?iaaoueny ec aca?aaeaeaeaineie eaciu, aca?aaeaeaeaineay aaethoa aeieaeia auoue i?eiyoa a ea/anoaa aeaiaaeiie aaeeieoeu; ec iaeo?aeueiie ciiu niaoeeaeueioth iieino i?ioiaeaeaiey aeaeaciie aei?iae Aaeo – Aeaeoeueoa ioaeii auei ioaeaeeoue e ia?aaeaoue Aca?aaeaeaeaineiio i?aaeoaeuenoao; ianaeaiea aaia?ae-aoaa?iaoi?noaa iaiaoiaeeii auei ?aci?oaeeoue; ia anae oa??eoi?ee aaia?ae-aoaa?iaoi?noaa aeieaeia auea auoue iauyaeaia aiienoey; aei i?iaaaeaiey auai?ia aaia?ae-aoaa?iaoi? aeieaeai aue i?eaeaneoue ec Aca?aaeaeaeaia aeaoo niaaoieeia e n eo iiiiuueth iaania/eoue ii?yaeie.
Eae aeaeii, i?iaeo Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai I?aaeoaeuenoaa, aianoa n caueoie Haoe/aaaie io iaeeaeaaiie a?iyineie aa?annee, oaeaea i?aneaaeiaae oeaeue iiaeaioiaee ii/au aeey i?eniaaeeiaiey yoie oa??eoi?ee e Aca?aaeaeaeaineie Aeaiie?aoe/aneie ?anioaeeea. Hi aia?eeaioeaa, aeaeathueo iiii/ue a?iyiai, ia ono?aeaae i?iaeo Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai I?aaeoaeuenoaa, e ii yoie i?e/eia ii ia aue i?eiyo. Iinea iciaeiieaiey aia?eeaineie noi?iiu n ninoiyieai aeae a ?aaeiia eo iiceoeey eciaieeanue. Auei auaeaeiooi i?aaeeiaeaiea i nicaeaiee iaeo?aeueiie ciiu. A ioaaoa ia i?aaeeiaeaiea, io?aaeathuaa aieth ianoiiai ianaeaiey, ioia/aeinue, /oi Haoe/aaaiueneee, Oa?o?neee, Aea?aeaaacneee ?aeiiu, Aaaeeaana? e Ieeenoai, ianaeaiea eioi?uo ninoieo ec aca?aaeaeaeaineeo oth?ie, yaeythony iaioaeaeeiie /anoueth Aca?aaeaeaeaia. Aca?aaeaeaeaioeu yoeo ?aaeiiia, ?oeiaiaenoaoynue caeiiaie AAe?, iieo/atho i?aai ia naiioi?aaeaiea. Haniio?y ia ooiae aia?eeaioeaa a yiaa?a 1920 aiaea n oa??eoi?ee Haoe/aaaie e Oa?o?a, a?iyia ia ioeacaeenue io naieo i?aoaicee ia yoe caiee.
A ia?eiae nouanoaiaaiey AAe? ia ianoao, e?iia aaeieieno?aoeaiuo i?aaiia, aeaenoaiaaee i?aaiu naiioi?aaeaiey, eioi?ua ninoiyee a ai?iaeao ec ai?iaeneeo aeoi, oi?aa e aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe, ecae?aaiuo aeoiie, a a naeueneeo ianoiinoyo – ec naeueneeo noiaeia, naeueneeo noa?oei, iena?ae, nai?ueeia iiaeaoae e ae?.
A ia?aue ia?eiae onoaiiaeaiey aeanoe AAe? ai?iaeneea e naeueneea i?aaiu naiioi?aaeaiey aaeaeo oneiaee, oianeaaeiaaiiuo io i?aaeiaai ?aaeeia, ia ea?aee nouanoaaiiie ?iee a ianoiii naiioi?aaeaiee.
Ai?iaeneea i?aaiu naiioi?aaeaiey (ai?iaeneea aeoiu) nouanoaiaaee a Aaeo, Ayiaeaea, Caeaoaea e a ai?iaeao iaeioi?uo oacaeia. Auai?u /eaiia ai?iaeneeo aeoi auee i?iaaaeaiu a 1917 aiaeo ii , ooaa?aeaeaiiui 15 ai?aey 1917 aiaea A?aiaiiui i?aaeoaeuenoaii ?innee. A yoeo auai?ao i?eieiaee o/anoea ana a?aaeaeaia, aeinoeaoea 20 eao. Auai?u auee i?iaaaeaiu ii nieneai iooai oaeiiai aieiniaaiey.
Iinoaiiaeaieai ?inneeneiai A?aiaiiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaa io 9 ethiy 1917 aiaea, eioi?ia aeaenoaiaaei e a Aca?aaeaeaeaia, auee aianaiu eciaiaiey a Ai?iaeiaia Iieiaeaiea 1892 aiaea, niaeanii eioi?ui ai?iaeneei i?aaiai naiioi?aaeaiey auee aeaiu oe?ieea i?aaa e naiinoiyoaeueiinoue. Iaeiaei a nayce n aiaiiuie niauoeyie e aia?oeae iie i?aeoe/anee aacaeaenoaiaaee. Ai?iaeneea oi?aaeaiey, eeeaeaee?iaaiiua e ia?aaeaiiua aieueoaaeeaie, iinea i?iaicaeaoaiey Aca?aaeaeaeaineie Aeaiie?aoe/aneie ?anioaeeee iinoaiaiii ainnoaiaaeeaathony. I?e ainnoaiiaeaiee i?aaiia naiioi?aaeaiey a ai?iaea Aaeo auyniyaony, /oi aieueoeinoai /eaiia ai?iaeneie aeoiu, eca?aiiie 29 ieoya?y 1917 aiaea, ionoonoaotho ia ianoao, e n ?ac?aoaiey I?aaeoaeuenoaa 18 naioya?y 1918 aiaea i?aaiecoaony iiaay A?aiaiiay Aeoia. Ninoaa Aaeeineie ai?iaeneie aeoiu caiieiyaony iooai eiiioaoeee ni noi?iiu Aeoiu.
Oaeei ia?acii, a iiaue ninoaa Aaeeineie ai?iaeneie aeoiu aoiaeyo 34 /eaia i?aaeiae Aeoiu, 23 /eaia ii ia?oeeiui nieneai e 19 /aeiaae iooai eiiioaoeee. Aeaeaa, ec-ca enoa/aiey n?iea iieiiii/ee /eaiia ai?iaeneie aeoiu iinoaiiaeaieai I?aaeoaeuenoaa io 29 yiaa?y 1919 aiaea n?ie eo iieiiii/ee i?iaeeaaaaony aei iiauo auai?ia. Iaeiia?aiaiii ieieno?o aioo?aiieo aeae ii?o/aaony iiaeaioiaeoue i?iaeo caeiia i auai?ao a ai?iaeneea aeoiu e o/anoue, /oi iiaua auai?u aeieaeiu auoue i?iaaaeaiu ia iicaeiaa 7 ai?aey 1919 aiaea.
Ieienoa?noai aioo?aiieo aeae, i?iyaeyy caaioo i ?aoi?ia ianoiiai oi?aaeaiey, , iiaeaioaaeeaaao i?iaeo , eioi?ua auee i?eiyou 7 aaaonoa 1919 aiaea Aca?aaeaeaeaineei Ia?eaiaioii. Niaeanii , ecae?aoaeueiia i?aai a aeaniua aeoiu ?ani?ino?aiyeinue ia anao a?aaeaeai Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeee iacaaeneii io iiea, aa?ieniiaaaeaiey e iaoeeiiaeueiinoe, aeinoeaoeo 20 eao aei ninoaaeaiey auai?iuo nieneia e aeeaoueo a oa/aiea iineaaeiaai aiaea a yoii ai?iaea.
Eeoea, iaoiaeyueany ia aeaenoaeoaeueiie aiaiiie neoaeaa, aoaa?ineia, ai?iaeneia ia/aeuenoai, aunoea i?aaenoaaeoaee aaeieieno?aoeaiie aeanoe a i?aaeaeao oacaea, eo caianoeoaee e iiiiuieee, a oaeaea neoaeauea ianoiie iieeoeee a i?aaeaeao aoaa?ineiai e ai?iaeneiai ia/aeuenoaa ia o/anoaiaaee a auai?ao aeaniuo aeoiu. Eiino?aioeu, eeoea, ioauaathuea iaeacaiey, oeacaiiua a , niaea?aeaoaee i?eoiiia eeoaeenue ecae?aoaeueiuo i?aa.
A ioee/ea io aeoeaiiai i?aaa, aeey ianneaiiai ecae?aoaeueiiai i?aaa a /eaiu ai?iaeneie aeoiu ia aue ii?aaeaeai oeaic inaaeeinoe. Eaaeaeia eeoei, ioaa/athuaa o?aaiaaieyi, onoaiiaeaiiui aeey o/anoey a auai?ao, iacaaeneii io n?iea i?iaeeaaiey a yoii ai?iaea iiaei auoue eca?aiiui aeaniui ai?iaeneie aeoiu. Eiino?aioeu oaeaea iieueciaaeenue i?aaii auoue eca?aiiui, iaeiaei aeey ieo aue onoaiiaeai 5-eaoiee oeaic inaaeeinoe.
*eaiu ai?iaeneeo aeoi aeieaeiu auee auoue eca?aiu ia iniiaa ?aaiuo, iacaaeneiuo e oaeiuo auai?ia ia aeaooaiaee/iue n?ie. Niaeanii , eiee/anoai /eaiia ai?iaeneeo aeoi auei neaaeothuaa: a Aaeo – 105, Oaiaoa – 37, Naeueyiao – 35, Eoaa – 39, Eaiei?aie – 21, Aaie/aa – 20, Ayiaeaea – 74, Hooa – 51, Oooa – 54, Caeaoaeao – 25, Aaaeaoa – 20, Eacaoa – 20. Eaaeaeue ai?iaeneie ioieo ninoaaeye iaeei ecae?aoaeueiue ie?oa, eioi?ue ?acaeaeyeny ia ioaeaeueiua ecae?aoaeueiua o/anoee.
iiae?iaii ?aaoee?iaaeenue ana aii?inu i?iaaaeaiey auai?ia /eaiia ai?iaeneeo aeoi, a oii /enea iiaea/a aeaeia e i?ioanoia ec-ca i?aaiia?ooaiee, aeiiouaiiuo ai a?aiy auai?ia, aieioue aei ?anniio?aiey yoeo aii?inia a noaea.
Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi ai?iaeneea aeoiu Aca?aaeaeaeaia ia iniiaa yoeo i?aaee a nei?ii a?aiaie noi?ie?iaaeenue e i?enooieee e naiae aeayoaeueiinoe. A yoeo auai?ao ionoeueiaineea aeaiueiu, ia i?eaueoea e iauanoaaiiui aeaeai, aia?aua i?iyaeee iaaeaeaiioth ?aiaa aeoeaiinoue. Yoi /aoei iiaeii i?ineaaeeoue a eioi?iaoeee, auaeaiiie aoaa?iaoi?ii Ayiaeaee ieieno?o aioo?aiieo aeae i ?acoeueoaoao auai?ia, i?iaaaeaiiuo a Ayiaeaeeineoth ai?iaeneoth aeoio. Oae, aieaa 30 % aieinia, iiaeaiiuo ii ie?oao, i?eoiaeeeinue ia aeieth ionoeueiaineeo aeaiuei.
Ai?iaeneea aeoiu Aca?aaeaeaeaia inouanoaeyee aaaeiua ia?ii?eyoey aeey i?eaaaeaiey a ii?yaeie ai?iaeneiai oicyenoaa.
Eaa?oe?iue e?ecen a Aaeo, oaaee/aiea oi?aiaee aeeeuie e ae?oaeie aeaeaie caeaiee aeinoea naiaai aiiaay. Ha oaaoaei caeaiee aeey ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey, eaa?oe? aeey o?oaeyueony iann, aeeeeuiua oneiaey eioi?uo auee e?aeia oyaeaeuie. N oeaeueth oii?yaei/aiey eaa?oe?iiai aii?ina a Aaeo, ii ?aoaieth ia/aeueieea ai?iaea, a ethea 1919 aiaea nicaeaaony ?aeaeceoeeiiiay eiienney. A eiiiaoaioeeth eiiennee aoiaeeei ?aoaiea aii?inia i auaeaeaiee caeaiee aeey i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuo o/?aaeaeaiee a ii?yaeea ?aeaeceoeee, oieioiaiee caiyouo eaa?oe?, o/aoa ieiuaaeae inaiaiaeaeaiiuo eaa?oe? e auaea/a naeaeaoaeuenoa i ?ac?aoaiee ia eo caiyoea.
Ainnoaiaaeeaaaony ii?iaeueiay aeayoaeueiinoue ae?aee o?oaea ai?iaea Aaeo, eioi?ay ea?aea ?ieue iin?aaeieea iaaeaeo ?aaioiaeaoaeai e ?aai/eie e neoaeaueie, nicaeaiiie aua 1 oaa?aey 1918 aiaea e i?aeoe/anee i?ae?aoeaoae a ia?eiae aia?oee naith aeayoaeueiinoue. Ae?aea aeaenoaiaaea ia iniiaaiee Onoaaa, i?eiyoiai ai?iaeneie aeoiie 13 yiaa?y 1918 aiaea. Ae?aea o?oaea ?aaeno?e?iaaea aac?aaioiuo e ia iniiaa i/a?aaeiinoe ?aoaea aii?inu eo o?oaeiono?ienoaa. Oneoae ae?aee aeey iaaeo noi?ii auee aanieaoiuie.
Aeae?aoii ieieno?a o?oaea io 26 yiaa?y 1919 aiaea ?aai/ea eiieoaou, eiathueany ia i?aaei?eyoeyo, auee i?eciaiu caeiiii aeaenoaothueie i?aaiecaoeeyie, iaeaaeathueie i?aaii caueou eioa?ania ?aai/eo, n oneiaeai iaaiaoaoaeuenoaa a aaeieieno?aoeaii-oicyenoaaiioth aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaei?eyoey.
Naeueneea i?aaiu naiioi?aaeaiey, ianiio?y ia naie oe?ieea i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe, a niioaaonoaee n aeaenoaothueie caeiiaie eiaee iaiueooth iacaaeneiinoue e iieiinoueth caaenaee io ?oeiaiaenoaa aoaa?iee e oacaea. Naeueneea aeieaeiinoiua eeoea ecae?aeenue ia naeueneeo noiaeao, aaea o/anoaiaaee oieueei oicyaaa aeiiia (ioae/eiu), i?yiui e ioe?uoui (iiaeiyoeai ?oe) aieiniaaieai. I?aaaea, a 1918 aiaeo, a nayce n aia?oeae, yoio ii?yaeie aue eeeaeaee?iaai. Aiineaaenoaee Eiieoaoii Ainoaea?noaaiiie Iai?iiu auai?iay iniiaa naeueneeo i?aaiia naiioi?aaeaiey auea ainnoaiiaeaia.
Aca?aaeaeaeaineei i?aaeoaeuenoaii i?aaeoniao?eaaeinue i?iaaaeaiea ei?aiiie ?aoi?iu a ianoiii naiioi?aaeaiee (aaaaeaiea caineeo o/?aaeaeaiee). N yoie oeaeueth aue iiaeaioiaeai i?iaeo , iaeia?aiiue 24 naioya?y i?aaeoaeuenoaii e i?aaenoaaeaiiue a Ia?eaiaio. Niaeanii i?iaeoo, i?aaeoniao?eaaeinue nicaeaiea o?aonooiai/aoiai caineiai o/?aaeaeaiey: o/anoeiaia, oacaeiia e oeaio?aeueiia. Iiaeeaaeaea eciaiaieth e i?aaiecaoeey naeueneiai naiioi?aaeaiey, eioi?ia aeieaeii auei ooieoeeiie?iaaoue iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii o/anoeiaiai cainoaa. E eiiiaoaioeee caineeo o/?aaeaeaiee ioiineeenue ana aeaea ianoiiai oicyenoaa e oi?aaeaiey. A yoie iaeanoe iie auee iieiinoueth naiinoiyoaeueiuie e ia caaenaee io aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe, iacia/aaiuo i?aaeoaeuenoaii. Iineaaeiei i?aaeinoaaeyeinue oieueei i?aai iaaeci?a ca caeiiiinoueth aeayoaeueiinoe yoeo o/?aaeaeaiee e ia?auaiey a noae a neo/aa iaia?oaeaiey ia?ooaiey caeiia.
Caineea o/?aaeaeaiey aeieaeiu auee ninoiyoue ec caineeo nia?aiee e caineeo oi?aa (eniieieoaeueiua i?aaiu) niioaaonoaothueo o?iaiae.
Oeaio?aeueiui e oacaeiui caineei nia?aieyi i?aaeinoaaeyeinue i?aai i?eieiaoue iaycaoaeueiua iinoaiiaeaiey ii aii?inai oicyenoaa e oi?aaeaiey cainoaa.
*eaiu nia?aiee cainoa aeieaeiu auee ecae?aoueny n?ieii ia 3 aiaea. I?aai o/anoey a auai?ao ia ia?aie/eaaeinue oeaicii inaaeeinoe eee oieaoie caineeo iaeiaia.
Ecae?aaiua caineeie nia?aieyie i?aaenaaeaoaee e /eaiu oi?aau inaiaiaeaeaeenue oieueei caineei nia?aieai e ia iiaee ninoiyoue ia i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiie neoaeaa.
I?eiyoea yoiai caeiia a niioaaonoaee n aeaiie?aoe/aneeie iniiaaie, nouanoaothueie a caiaaeiuo no?aiao, aeieaeii auei ei?aiiui ia?acii eciaieoue i?aaiecaoeeth ianoiiai oi?aaeaiey a no?aia e eiaoue aieueoia cia/aiea a aeaea iino?iaiey ianoiie aeecie e oe?aieaiey oicyenoaaiiie neeu ainoaea?noaa. Iaeiaei ii inoaeny a aeaea i?iaeoa e, oaeei ia?acii, caineea o/?aaeaeaiey a Aca?aaeaeaeaia ia auee nicaeaiu.
7.3. Ia?eaiaio e aiaiiia no?ieoaeuenoai
Ioiioaiea ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e a?iee ai iiiaii ii?aaeaeyao aa noaeueao. Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea n/eoaea iinoiyiioth a?ieth i?oaeeai oaiaoaiey o?oaeyueony iann. , – ienae A. Aeiie/aiei. Yoo iiceoeeth ?acaeaeyee aieueoeinoai ia?oee, o?aeoeee eioi?uo aoiaeeee a Oeaio?aeueioth ?aaeo. Ai?ueaa iaaeaeo noi?iiieeaie nicaeaiey ?aaoey?iie oe?aeineie a?iee e aa i?ioeaieeaie i?eaaea a eoiaa e iiaaaea iineaaeieo, /oi auei caoeene?iaaii a iaeiie ec ?aciethoeee ia?aiai oe?aeineiai aieneiaiai nuacaea, eioi?ue ninoiyeny 18 iay 1917 aiaea.
Eeaea?u Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu iiieiaee, /oi a oneiaeyo aieiu iaee/ea ?aaoey?iie a?iee iaiaoiaeeii. Iiyoiio aa iieiay eeeaeaeaoeey i?aaeoniao?eaaeanue i?ia?aiiiuie aeieoiaioaie a aoaeouai, a oi/iaa, aeaaiia caaeaiea ninoiyei a oii, oe?aeineay a?iey iinea aieiu noaea a?ieae ia?iaea (ia?iaeiie ieeeoeeae)>1. Iiyoiio ia ia?aii yoaia Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea auaeaeioea eicoia oe?aeiecaoeee a?iee. Oaea ia?aue Anaoe?aeineee aieneiaie nuacae eca?ae Oe?aeineee aaia?aeueiue aieneiaie eiieoao, eioi?ue ninoiye ec 18 eeoe. Ia aoi?ii Anaoe?aeineii aieneiaii nuacaea ninoaa yoiai eiieoaoa aue oaaee/ai aei 27 eeoe. A ninoaa Eiieoaoa aoiaeeee ecaanoiua iieeoe/aneea aeayoaee A. Aeiie/aiei, N. Iaoeth?a, I. Ieoiianeee. Eiieoaoo oaeaeinue naeaeaoue iiiaia a aeaea oe?aeiecaoeee a?iee. N yoei auioaeaeaii auei niaeaneoueny aeaaea A?aiaiiia i?aaeoaeuenoai.
Ii eieoeeaoeaa Eiieoaoa auee ioe?uou aeaa oe?aeineea oeieu iiaei?aii?ueeia e oe?aeineea ioaeaeaiey i?e eiaeaia?iie e a?oeeea?eeneie oeieao. A iiya?a 1917 aiaea ia iniiaa Oe?aeineiai aaia?aeueiiai aieneiaiai eiieoaoa a ninoaaa I?aaeoaeuenoaa auei nicaeaii Aaia?aeueiia nae?aoa?noai aieneiauo aeae. A yiaa?a 1918yaiaea, iinea i?iaicaeaoaiey ainoaea?noaaiiie iacaaeneiinoe Oe?aeiu, iii auei i?aia?aciaaii a Aieneiaia ieienoa?noai OI?. Aicaeaaeye Eiieoao aei aeaeaa?y 1917 aiaea N. Iaoeth?a. Iicaea aeieaeiinoue aieneiaiai ieieno?a caieiaee I. Ii?o, A. Iaiieianeee e A. AEoeianeee. 16 yiaa?y 1918 aiaea Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea ooaa?aeeea Caeii ia ia?aciaaiee ia?iaeiie a?iee ia ieeeoeaeneie iniiaa. A niioaaonoaee n yoei caeiiii ia?iaeiay ieeeoeey ia?aciauaaeanue aeey iai?iiu io aiaoiaai a?aaa, nouanoaothuaa aienei aeieaeii auei auoue iiaeeeciaaiiui, iinea /aai ?aaoey?iay a?iey iieiinoueth eeeaeaee?iaaeanue.
?aaeueiua niauoey iieacaee iieioth ianinoiyoaeueiinoue oaeie ?aoi?iu. Ai a?aiy ianooieaiey aieueoaaenoneie a?iee ia Eeaa auynieeinue, /oi caueuaoue Oeaio?aeueioth ?aaeo iaeiio. Iinea inaiaiaeaeaiey Eeaaa a ia?oa 1918 aiaea Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea auioaeaeaia auea aa?iooueny e aii?inai aiaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa.
A ai?aea 1918 aiaea I?aaeoaeuenoai e Aaia?aeueiue aieneiaie ooaa ?ac?aaioaee ieai i?aaiecaoeee oe?aeineie a?iee ia iniiaa oa??eoi?eaeueiiai iaai?a. Oe?aeineay a?iey aeieaeia auea ninoiyoue ec naie ei?ionia iaoiou e /aou?ao n iieiaeiie ei?ionia eiiieoeu. Aue ?ac?aaioai ieai i?ecuaa ia aiaiioth neoaeao e caeiiii?iaeo i iiiiue naiueyi aiaiiineoaeaueo. Iaeiaei Oeaio?aeueiay ?aaea ia oniaea auiieieoue e i?iaanoe a aeeciue iaia/aiiue ieai i?aaiecaoeee iiaie oe?aeineie a?iee, iineieueeo 29 ai?aey 1918 aiaea e aeanoe i?eoae ?aaeei I. Nei?iiaaeneiai.
Aee?aeoi?ey, a ioee/ea io Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu, n ia?auo aeiae iinea i?eoiaea e aeanoe i?eiyeanue ca nicaeaiea aii?oaeaiiuo nee. 24 iiya?y 1918 aiaea N. Iaoeth?a iiaeienae . Ia?aue ia?aa?ao yoiai aeoa i?iaicaeaoae nicaeaiea ?anioaeeeaineeo aii?oaeaiiuo nee 1. Ca iniiao nicaeaiey iiaie a?iee auea i?eiyoa ianniaay iiaeeecaoeey. 27 iiya?y 1918 aiaea i?eieiaaony Caeii i i?iaaaeaiee ianniaie iiaeeecaoeee, a niioaaonoaee n eioi?ui ana a?aaeaeaia, i?ioaaeoea aiaiioth neoaeao, niiniaiua iineoue i?oaeea, io 20 aei 35 eao aeeth/eoaeueii aeieaeiu auee 2.
Aeaaiaea?y i?eiyoui ia?ai, oaea e ia/aeo aeaeaa?y 1918 aiaea aii?oaeaiiua neeu OI? ian/eouaaee ieiei 150 ouny/. Iaeiaei i?eioeei ianniaie iiaeeecaoeee, eioi?ue aue iieiaeai a iniiao nicaeaiey aii?oaeaiiuo nee, io?eoeaoaeueii neacaeny ia eo aianiiniaiinoe. Ainoaea?noai ia eiaei n?aaenoa ia niaea?aeaiea a?iee. Anei?a a?iey auea ioaa/aia oaeei yaeaieai eae , i?e eioi?ii ioaeaeueiua eiiaiaee?u auoiaeeee ec iiae/eiaiey oeaio?aeueiuo aeanoae. Ia/aeinue eaoano?ioe/aneia oiaiueoaiea aii?oaeaiiuo nee. A ia/aea yiaa?y 1919 aiaea a a?iee ian/eouaaeinue ieiei 50 ouny/, a oaea a iaa – 14-15 ouny/. Ia oe?aieaiea aeenoeeieeiu a a?iee aue iai?aaeai Caeii i ainoaea?noaaiiii einiaeoi?aoa a aieineeo /anoyo e einoeoooeeyo. A 1919 aiaeo aue ooaa?aeaeai onoaa aioo?aiiae neoaeau, a a 1920 aiaeo – onoaa aa?ieciiiie e iieaaie neoaeau.
Aieaa na?ueaciui auei ioiioaiea e aii?oaeaiiui neeai a Caiaaeiioe?aeineie Ia?iaeiie ?anioaeeea. Oaea 1 e 2 iiya?y 1918 aiaea Oe?aeineay Iaoeeiiaeueiay ?aaea ia?aoeeanue ei anai aieiai-oe?aeioeai auaoae aano?i-aaiaa?neie a?iee n i?ecuaii noaoue ia caueoo ?iaeiiai e?ay. Ianaeaiea n yiooceaciii ano?aoeei yoio i?ecua. A na?aaeeia iiya?y 1918 aiaea oa??eoi?ey auea ?acaeaeaia ia o?e aieneiaua iaeanoe (Eueaia, Oa?iiiieue e Noaieneaa) e 12 aieneiauo ie?oaia. Auea iauyaeaia iiaeeecaoeey, ooaa?aeaeai oaeno i?enyae, i?iaaaeai o/ao aii?oaeaiee e o.ae. Ia/aeinue oi?ie?iaaiea Oe?aeineie aaeeoeeie a?iee (OAA).
OAA iiae?acaeaeyeanue ia iaoioo, eiiieoeo, a?oeeea?eth, naieoa?ioth e aaoa?eia?ioth neoaeau, aiaiiia noaeii?iecaiaenoai, eioaiaeaioo?o, eaioeaey?neoth neoaeao. Iicaeiaa aue nicaeai eaoiue ioaeae e naia?iue eio. Anei?a auea ?ac?aaioaia nenoaia caaiee e ioee/ee. A ia/aea 1919 aiaea oaea nouanoaiaaea 120-ouny/iay aeenoeeieeie?iaaiiay e iao?eioe/anee iano?iaiiay oe?aeineay a?iey. Aa aicaeaaeye Ia/aeueiue aiaeaeue n Aaia?aeueiui ooaaii. A ninoaaa OAA auei nicaeaii 3 ei?iona, eaaeaeue ec eioi?uo aeaeeeny ia 4 iaoioiua a?eaaaeu (ii 5-6 ouny/ aieiia eaaeaeay), a?eaaaea – ia aeaa iieea, iiee – ia o?e eo?aiy. OAA ca?aeiiaiaeiaaea naay eae iaeia ec naiuo aianiiniaiuo a?iee Aa?iiu a oi a?aiy. A aa ninoaaa aiaaaee ia oieueei oe?aeioeu, ii e i?aaenoaaeoaee ae?oaeo iaoeeiiaeueiinoae. Oae, oi?ioi ca?aeiiaiaeiaae naay aa?aeneee eo?aiue, a eioi?ii ian/eouaaeinue 1200 aieiia. OAA auea iaeiei ec naiuo aieueoeo aeinoeaeaiee COI?.
Aca?aaeaeaeaineay Aeaiie?aoe/aneay ?anioaeeea ni aeiy naiaai ia?aciaaiey n/eoaea aeaei aiaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa aaaeiie ninoaaiie /anoueth ainoaea?noaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa e, i?eaeaaay yoiio aieueoia cia/aiea, inouanoaeea ?yae ia?ii?eyoee a yoie iaeanoe. A aeaeea?aoeee ia?eaiaioneie o?aeoeee , i?icao/aaoae 10 aeaeaa?y 1918 aiaea a Ia?eaiaioa, aiai?eeinue: 1. A aeaeea?aoeee Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai I?aaeoaeuenoaa, iauyaeaiiie O. Oieneei ia canaaeaiee Ia?eaiaioa 26 aeaeaa?y 1918 aiaea, i?aaiecaoeey aieineeo nee, niiniaiuo caueoeoue oa??eoi?eaeueioth oeaeinoiinoue no?aiu, n/eoaeanue iaeiie ec aeaaiuo caaea/ I?aaeoaeuenoaa2.
A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue iaiaoiaeeii auei noi?ie?iaaoue nenoaio i?aaiia, eioi?ua aeieaeiu auee ?aaeeciaaoue i?ia?aiio aiaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa.
Iinea anooieaiey aiaee/ai a Aaeo, eiaaea iie cai?aoeee caeanue aeayoaeueiinoue Aiaiiiai ieienoa?noaa, iii 22 iiya?y a oeaeyo inouanoaeaiey ie?iiai no?ieoaeuenoaa a?iee ia?aacaeaao a Ayiaeaeo. Aeayoaeueiinoue Aiaiiiai ieienoa?noaa oaeoe/anee ia/eiaaony n yoiai a?aiaie. 26 aeaeaa?y 1918 aiaea Naiaae-aae Iaoiaiaea?ia iacia/aaony aiaiiui ieieno?ii, a 29 aeaeaa?y eiiaiaee? Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai ei?iona Aeeaaa Ouoeeineee iacia/aaony caianoeoaeai aiaiiiai ieieno?a.
15 yiaa?y 1919 aiaea i?aaiecoaony Aeaaiue ooaa, ninoiyuee ec eioaiaeaioneiai, eiaeaia?iiai, aeaaeo?ii-aaia?aeueneiai, aaia?ae-eaa?oe?iaenoa?neiai, a?oeeea?eeneiai, aiaiii-naieoa?iiai, aiaiii-o/aaiiai, oiiia?aoe/aneiai e eiio?ieueiiai ioaeaeia. A a ia?oa aaia?ae-eaa?oe?iaenoa?neee ioaeae ioaeaeyaony io aeaaiiai ooaaa e aeeth/aaony a nicaeaiiia aeaaiia Oi?aaeaiea, ninoiyuaa ec ioaeaeia aaia?aea-eaa?oe?iaenoa?a, aiaiiuo aei?ia, aiaiiie oiiia?aoee. Aaia?ae-eaeoaiaio N. Noeueeaae/ iacia/aaony ia/aeueieeii Aeaaiiai ooaaa. Iinoaiiaeaieai Ia?eaiaioa io 13 ieoya?y 1919 aiaea oaaee/eaaaony /eneaiiinoue ee/iiai ninoaaa ioaeaeia Aeaaiiai ooaaa e ioaeaeu i?aa?auathony a oi?aaeaiey. *a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy nicaeaaony oi?aaeaiea niaaaeaiey a?iee. Aiaiiia ieienoa?noai eiaei naith oeiia?aoeth.
A ninoaaa Aiaiiiai ieienoa?noaa aeaenoaiaae Aiaiiue niaao aeey ?aoaiey aii?inia aiaiiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, a oaeaea oicyenoaaiii-oeiainiauo aii?inia. A ninoaa Aiaiiiai niaaoa aoiaeeee aiaiiineoaeauea aunoeo /eiia, eiathuea iiuo a ?acee/iuo iaeanoyo aiaiiiai aeaea.
Aeey ninoaaeaiey aiaiii-caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai nai?ieea Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeee auea ia?aciaaia iniaay eiienney eiaeeoeeaoeee i?e Aiaiiii ieienoa?noaa, eoaea aoiaeeee i?aaenoaaeoaee aeaaiuo oi?aaeaiee ieienoa?noaa. Iaeiaei ec-ca aieueoiai iauaia ?aaiou eiienney ia iiaea ni?aaeoueny n ?aaioie ii eiaeeoeeaoeee. E ii yoie i?e/eia i?e eaioeaey?ee Aiaiiiai ieienoa?noaa nicaeaaony niaoeeaeueiue ioaeae caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa e eiaeeoeeaoeee1.
A Aaeo, aaea ?aciauaeny aieueoie aa?iecii, iinoiyiii iaaethaeaeinue neiieaiea ioaeaeueiuo eeoe a oi?ia, ia eiathueo ieeaeie nayce n aiaiiui oi?aaeaieai. Aeaei iino?iaiey neeueiie iaoeeiiaeueiie a?iee iaaiciiaeii auei auiieieoue aac no?iaie aiaiiie aeenoeeieeiu. Ana yoi o?aaiaaei o/?aaeaeaiey a Aaeo niaoeeaeueiiai eiiaiaeaioneiai oi?aaeaiey. O/eouaay yoi, Aiaiiia ieienoa?noai oiaeaoaenoaoao ia?aae Niaaoii Ieieno?ia ia o/?aaeaeaiee oaeiai oi?aaeaiey. Onoaa i ee/iii ninoaaa e caaea/ao Aaeeineiai eiiaiaeaioneiai oi?aaeaiey ooaa?aeaeaaony Ia?eaiaioii 18 ieoya?y 1919 aiaea.
26 iay 1919 aiaea Aca?aaeaeaeaineee Ia?eaiaio i?eieiaao Caeii ia i?aaiecaoeee o/?aaeaeaiee, aaaeathueo eniieiaieai aieineie iiaeiiinoe a Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeea2. Yoei caeiiii o/?aaeaeaeinue Aca?aaeaeaeaineia oeaio?aeueiia aieineia i?enoonoaea a ea/anoaa oeaio?aeueiiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai i?aaia, aaaeathuaai aeaeaie aieineie iiaeiiinoe a Aca?aaeaeaeaineie ?anioaeeea. Aai aeaaiie caaea/ae auea i?aaiecaoeey i?ecuaa ianaeaiey ia aieineoth neoaeao e e eniieiaieth ei iaoo?aeueiuo aieineeo iiaeiiinoae. I?aaenaaeaoaeue Aca?aaeaeaeaineiai oeaio?aeueiiai aieineiai i?enoonoaey yaeyeny caianoeoaeai ieieno?a aioo?aiieo aeae, a /eaiu aai auee i?aaenoaaeoaeyie Aiaiiiai ieienoa?noaa e Ieienoa?noaa thnoeoeee.
A ethia 1919 aiaea, eiaaea aic?inea oa?ica, enoiaeyuay io Aeaieeeia, aeey iaania/aiey caueou ainoaea?noaa, ii eieoeeaoeaa Ia?eaiaioa, a ninoaaa I?aaeoaeuenoaa nicaeaaony iniaue i?aai – Ainoaea?noaaiiue Eiieoao Iai?iiu. 1. ?aoaiey Ainoaea?noaaiiiai Eiieoaoa Iai?iiu eiaee iaycaoaeueioth neeo aeey anao o/?aaeaeaiee, i?aaiecaoeee e a?aaeaeai.
Ainoaea?noaaiiue Eiieoao Iai?iiu a nei?aeoai a?aiaie ia/ae i?aaiecaoeeth iai?iiu ?anioaeeee. Ii aai ?aoaieth, Aca?aaeaeaeai aue iauyaeai ia inaaeiii iieiaeaiee, nouanoaothuea aieineea /anoe auee oe?aieaiu ca n/ao aeia?iaieueoeaa e aaaaeaiu a aeaeueoo ?aee Naio?. Caeanue auei ia/aoi no?ieoaeuenoai iai?iieoaeueiuo nii?oaeaiee, a oaeaea ieie?iaaiea aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo iinoia, ieaie?iaaeinue i?iaaaeaiea ?yaea aaaeiuo ia?ii?eyoee a neo/aa aa?annee (nicaeaiea ia?oecaineeo io?yaeia, ia?aacae ainoaea?noaaiiuo o/?aaeaeaiee ec noieeoeu a Ayiaeaeo e o.ae.).
I?aaiu aeanoe AAe? oaeaea i?eiyee niioaaonoaothuea ?aoaiey a iaeanoe i?aaiecaoeee iaoeeiiaeueiie a?iee e ieacaiee ae iiiiue oeiainiauie n?aaenoaaie. Naiie aieueoie i?iaeaiie a yoie iaeanoe auei iaania/aiea a?iee aiaiiuie eaae?aie, aeey aa ?aaeecaoeee auei ?aoaii eniieueciaaoue ?onneeo ioeoea?ia, iaoiaeyueony a Aca?aaeaeaeaia. Auioneieee ia?aiai ieoya?ueneiai auionea 1918 aiaea aiaiiie oeieu, nicaeaiiie a Ayiaeaea, auee i?eaea/aiu e no?ieoaeuenoao a?iee. Iicaeiaa yoa oeiea auea ia?aianaia a Aaeo. E?iia oiai, auee o/?aaeaeaiu oeiea naia?ia, oeiea aiaiiuo oaeueaeoa?ia a Oooa, aiaiii-aeaeaciiaei?iaeiay oeiea.
Iinoaiiaeaieai I?aaeoaeuenoaa io 11 oaa?aey 1919 aiaea auee ooaa?aeaeaiu aiaiiua onoaau ia aca?aaeaeaeaineii ycuea e oi?ia iaeaaeaeu aeey aca?aaeaeaeaineeo aiene. A ainoaea?noaaiiii athaeaeaoa, ooaa?aeaeaiiii Ia?eaiaioii ia 1919 aiae, ia nicaeaiea a?iee auaeaeyeinue 399,4 ieeeeiia iaiaoia, e yoa noiia ninoaaeyea 24 % athaeaeaoa. Aeey aeinoaoi/iiai aii?oaeaiey iaoeeiiaeueiie a?iee aac iieo/aiey eaeie-eeai iiiiue ecaia ii iinoaiiaeaieth Ia?eaiaioa io 23 oaa?aey 1919 aiaea caioneaaony aiaiiue caaiae. I?ioeann oi?ie?iaaiey iaoeeiiaeueiie a?iee, ianiio?y ia na?ueaciua o?oaeiinoe, aue caaa?oai a yiaa?a 1920 aiaea, eiaaea auea nicaeaia 50-ouny/iay ?aaoey?iay aca?aaeaeaeaineay a?iey.
CAEETH*AIEA

N?aaieoaeueii-ainoaea?noaiaaae/aneee aiaeec i?aaiecaoeee ia?eaiaioa e ia?eaiaioneie aeayoaeueiinoe a Aca?aaeaeaeaia e Oe?aeia a 1917-1920 aiaeao i?aaenoaaeyao, i?aaeaea anaai, iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneee eioa?an, niinianoaoao i?aiaeieaieth o?aaeeoeeiiiiai ioiioaiey e i?aaenoaaeoaeueiui i?aaiai ?anniao?eaaaiiai ia?eiaea eae aioeaeaiie?aoe/aneei, aioeia?iaeiui, iaoeeiiaeenoe/aneei, ?aaeoeeiiiui1. I?e yoii oa?ieio iau/ii i?eaeaaaeny io?eoeaoaeueiue iooaiie. Ia?eaiaioa?eci i?aaenoaaeyeny eae nenoaia oi?aaeaiey, icia/aaoay ?acaeaeaiea caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai e eniieieoaeueiiai o?oaea, a oaeaea i?eaeeaae?iaaiiia iieiaeaiea aeaiooaoia ia?eaiaioa. N/eoaeinue, /oi ia?eaiaioa?eci niaaeeiyao aeaiie?aoeth ia aeey ia?iaea, a n ath?ie?aoeciii – i?ioea ia?iaea2.
Aiaeec aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuo i?aaiia a enoi?e/aneie e enoi?eei-i?aaiaie eeoa?aoo?a iaeuecy i?eciaoue iieiui e a ianoiyuaa a?aiy, ianiio?y ia oi /oi ia?auaiea e enoi?ee aeayoaeueiinoe ia?eaiaioia, iniiaaiiia ia aaaaeaiee a enoi?e/aneee iai?io iiauo, ?aiaa iaaeinooiiuo eee iaenneaaeiaaiiuo iaoa?eaeia, a?oeaiuo aeieoiaioia, iicaieyao ia oieueei ananoi?iiia ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue iaaeinoaoee e eo i?e/eiu a ?aaioa iaoeeiiaeueiuo i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuo i?aaiia, ii e auyaeoue iieiaeeoaeueiue iiuo eo aeayoaeueiinoe, eniieueciaaoue aai aeey iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey nia?aiaiiuo ia?eaiaioia, ii?aaeaeeoue aiciiaeiinoe ?aaoeyoeaiiai aicaeaenoaey ia ooieoeee ia?eaiaioa ia?eaiaioneiai i?aaa, eioi?ia niinianoaoao 1.
A yoii ioiioaiee enoi?e/aneee iiuo ia?eaiaioneie i?aeoeee Aca?aaeaeaeaia e Oe?aeiu i?eia?aoaao i?eeeaaeiie oa?aeoa?, i?eaioe?oao ia aai eniieueciaaiea eee, ai anyeii neo/aa, o/ao aai aeinoeaeaiee e i?in/aoia a i?ioeanna noaiiaeaiey ia?eaiaioneeo nenoai iieiaeuo iacaaeneiuo ainoaea?noa, inouanoaeaiea ia?eaiaioneie ?aoi?iu eae i?aaie/aneie /anoe ainoaea?noaaiii-i?aaiaiai ?aoi?ie?iaaiey a no?aiao ia?aoiaeiiai oeia.
Ia yoii naeaeaoaeuenoaoao ia?auaiea e ia?eaiaioneie aeayoaeueiinoe, iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe caeiiii?iaeoiuo ?aaio a n?aaiaiee, iai?eia?, n iuiaoiei ninoiyieai ?aaiou ii niioaaonoaothuei caeiiii?iaeoai. Aeinoaoi/ii i?e yoii oeacaoue ia ia?aii/a?aaeiia aieiaiea Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu e i?iaeoai caeiiia , i?e aeoeaiie iiiiue Ieienoa?noaa aioo?aiieo aeae (aai eiiiaoaioeey auea eiie, /ai o nia?aiaiiiai IAAe), eioi?ia oaea a ai?aea 1918 aiaea ecaeaei 2, i?aaei?eiyei ?yae ae?oaeo aeoeee, iai?aaeaiiuo ia nio?oaeie/anoai n Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeie eae caeiiiaeaoaeueiui i?aaiii.
?aoeoeeaoeeiiiay aeayoaeueiinoue Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu a iaeanoe iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiaie i?aeoeee auea oaeaea aeecea e ia?eaiaioneie i?ioeaaeo?a, onoaiiaeaiiie aeaenoaothuei Caeiiii Oe?aeiu . I?aa A.E. Eiiueaiei, ooaa?aeaeay, /oi caeiiiaeaoaeueiay aeayoaeueiinoue Oeaio?aeueiie ?aaeu ?anniao?eaaaiiai ia?eiaea 3.
Nia?aiaiiay i?aeoeea ainoaea?noaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa iieacuaaao neaaeothuaa:
ai-ia?auo, iiuo aeaiie?aoe/aneie i?aaiecaoeee ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe 1917 – 1920 aiaeia – i?e anae aai ia?aie/aiiinoe e iaaeinoaoeao – ia iioa?ye iiceoeaiiai cia/aiey aeey iaoeo aeiae;
ai-aoi?uo, a i?ioeanna no?ieoaeuenoaa iaoeeiiaeueiie iacaaeneiinoe ainoaea?noaaiiinoe e ?aoi?ie?iaaiey niaaoneie nenoaiu aaaeiui einoeoooii i?aaenoaaeoaeueiie nenoaiu iinoniaaoneiai a?aiaie aue i?eciai e eiinoeoooeeiiii cae?aieai ia?eaiaioa?eci;
a-o?aoueeo, a niioaaonoaothueo eiinoeoooeeiiiuo aeoao ( io 24 aaaonoa 1991 a., io 18 ieoya?y 1991 a.) cae?aieaia i?aainoaaiiinoue a ea/anoaa iaycaoaeueiiai oneiaey ?acaeoey ainoaea?noaa;
a-/aoaa?ouo, noaiiaeaiea i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaiee inouanoaeyeinue a noiaeiuo iaaeaaii?eyoiuo oneiaeyo ionoonoaey aeaiie?aoe/aneeo o?aaeeoeee, iiuoa ia?eaiaioa?ecia, eiinoeoooeeiiaeecia e iaiieiiai inouanoaeaiey i?eioeeia ?acaeaeaiey aeanoae, iaiaoiaeeiinoe iaeiia?aiaiiiai inouanoaeaiey a no?aia iauanoaaiiuo e ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aia?aciaaiee.
Iaeiiaoe, aeiniaaoneee ia?eaiaioa?eci Aca?aaeaeaeaia e Oe?aeiu, a ioee/ea io ?inneeneie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, aaea ia?eaiaioneee iiuo i?eia?aoaeny a ?inneeneie Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoia a oneiaeyo eiinoeoooeeiiiie iiia?oee, oi?ie?iaaeny a oneiaeyo ?anioaeeeaineiai no?iy. Ainoaea?noaaiiay Aeoia iineea caeiiiniaauaoaeueiue oa?aeoa?, e aa caaeneiinoue io aeanoe iiia?oa ia iicaieeea ae aei ianoiyuaai ia?eaiaioa e noaoue noaaeeece?othuei oaeoi?ii a nioeeaeueii-iieeoe/aneie aeecie no?aiu1.
Iaeiie ec naiuo i?eia/aoaeueiuo noi?ii aeayoaeueiinoe ia?eaiaioia AAe? e OI? yaeyaony oi, /oi anaaaea a oeaio?a eo aieiaiey iaoiaeeeinue eniieiaiea i?eiyouo caeiiia, iieiaeaieyi eioi?uo no?iai neaaeiaaee.
Naaiaeiy anoue iieeoeee, ooaa?aeaeathuea, /oi iaoe ia?iaeu ia aioiau e aeaiie?aoee. Aeaiie?aoe/aneia ainoaea?noaaiiia no?ieoaeuenoai a Aca?aaeaeaeaia e Oe?aeia a 1917 – 1920 aiaeao, a iniaaiiinoe iiuo ia?eaiaioa?ecia, aeieacuaaao ia?aoiia. Yeneo?n a enoi?e/aneia i?ioeia aua ?ac iieacuaaao, /oi naaiaeiyoiea ia?eaiaiou iiaoo e aeieaeiu eniieueciaaoue a naiae aeayoaeueiinoe iiiaia ec i?aeoeee i?aaiia, yaeythueony eo i?aaeoanoaaiieeaie. Nthaea, i?aaeaea anaai, neaaeoao ioianoe:
1) oaaaeaiea e caeiio ia o?iaia aunoaai caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai i?aaia; eeoue iaoeeiiiia neaaeiaaiea aunoei caeiiiaeaoaeueiui i?aaiii i?eiyoiio caeiio aeieaeii yaeyoueny i?eia?ii a aeaea aai eniieiaiey;
2) a caeiiioai?/aneii aeaea aeieaeiu ?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny ia eioa?anaie ioaeaeueiuo a?oii, a iauaiaoeeiiaeueiuie eioa?anaie; aianoi caeiiia, iai?aaeaiiuo ia oaeiaeaoai?aiea ee/iuo aiaeoeee e iiiuneia a?oii, aeaenoaothueo a oceeo i?ino?ainoaaiii-a?aiaiiuo a?aieoeao, aeieaeiu i?eieiaoueny iniiauaathueany ia i?aaiauo i?eioeeiao e eioa?anao ia?iaea caeiiu.
Auoaioia/aiiia, a oaeaea auyaeaiea nioeeaeueiuo iio?aaiinoae, io?aaeaiea iiiaiia?aciuo eioa?ania a?aaeaeaineiai iauanoaa, aunieee o?iaaiue ia?eaiaioneiai i?ioanneiiaeecia i?aaenoaaeoaeae ia?iaea, niaa?oainoaiaaiea caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai i?ioeanna, oi?i ia?eaiaioneiai eiio?iey anaaaea noiyo e aoaeoo noiyoue ia iiaanoea aeiy ia?eaiaioia oao ainoaea?noa, aaea iiuo ia?eaiaioa?ecia n?aaieoaeueii iaaaeee.
Aeaeeia?aoey

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Ai?ueaa ca iiaaaeo niaaoneie aeanoe a Aca?aaeaeaeaia 1918-1920 aa. (aeieoiaiou e iaoa?eaeu). – Aaeo: Aca?iao?, 1967.
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Enoi?ey ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa Oe?aeineie NN? / Ioa. ?aae. A.I. Aaaee. – E.: Iaoe. aeoiea, 1976.
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