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Кандыба В.М. 1999 – Криминальный гипноз (реферат)

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Eaiaeuaa A.I. 1999 – E?eieiaeueiue aeiiic

Aaaaeaiea

iineaaeiea aiaeu ai iiiaeo no?aiao ie?a iiyaeeny ii-
aue aeae i?aaiia?ooaiee – i?eiaiaiea aeiiica a e?e-
ieiaeueiuo oeaeyo.

Iaiauea i?aeoeeo nia?aiaiiuo aeiiioe/aneeo i?a-
aiia?ooaiee, y aia?aua nicaeae oai?eth e?eieiaeueii-
ai aeiiica e ?ac?aaioae i?aeoe/aneea iaoiaeu ai?ueau n yoeie iian-
iaeoeie i?aaiia?ooaieyie, i nouanoaiaaiee eioi?uo iniiaiay
/anoue iaoaai iauanoaa aeaaea ia iiaeic?aaaao. E?eieiaeueiua aei-
iioeca?u iieuecothony iaoei iaciaieai, e eiaiii yoi ianoiyoaeue-
noai e iiiiaaao ei niieieii niaa?oaoue naie iaaeaaiaeaeiua aeaea.
Ie?iaie iiuo oniaoiie ai?ueau n ethauie i?aaiia?ooaiey-
ie iieacuaaao, /oi aaaeiaeoae ninoaaeythuae yoiai oniaoa yaey-
thony eioi?iaoeey e i?ioeeaeoeea, iiyoiio y e iaienae naith eie-
ao, /oiau eae iiaeii aieueoa ethaeae ociaee ia iianiuo aiciiaeii-
noyo aeiiica e niiaee naay caueoeoue a neooaoeeyo, naycaiiuo n
i?eiaiaieai e?eieiaeueiiai aeiiica e e?eieiaeueiie noaaanoee.

AEaeath iiei /eoaoaeyi e?aieiai caei?iauey
e anaai naiiai aeia?iai!

I?aceaeaio
Anaie?iie annioeeaoeee
i?ioanneiiaeueiuo aeiiioeca?ia
i?e THIANEI
Aeaaeaiee A. I. EAIAeUAA
Eeaa, 1999 a.

*OI OAEIA
E?EIEIAEUeIUE
AEIIIC

nia?aiaiiie NE-iaoea auaeaeytho neaaeothuea iniiaiua
aeaeu aeiiica: eeanne/aneee, eaoaeaioe/aneee, niiiai-
aoee/aneee, ineoieiae/aneee iayao, eeoaeneee ia?a-
aeienaeueiue, ia?eiaeiiic, aiia?aoiue, oeuaaineee e
iaoieiae/aneee. Oae aio, e?eieiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u a
ianoiyuaa a?aiy eniieuecotho i?e niaa?oaiee iaiaia, iioaiie/a-
noaa e ae?oaeo i?anooieaiee ana ia?a/eneaiiua aeaeu aeiiica, ii
/aua anaai i?eiaiyaony ineoieiae/aneee aeiiic iayao (iiae?iaiaa
niio?eoa eieao Ae. A. Eaiaeuau ,
1996), oeuaaineee aeiiic (iiae?iaiaa niio?eoa eieao Ae. A. Eaiaeu-
au , 1996), ia?eiaeiiic (iiae?iaiaa niio?eoa
eieao A. I. Eaiaeuau , 1998) e iaoi-
eiae/aneee aeiiic. I?eia?ii e?eieiaeueiiai i?eiaiaiey iaoi-
eiae/aneiai aeiiica yaeythony neo/ae niaa?oaiey i?anooieaiee
(ia?aaeaiee, ecianeeiaaiee, iioeuaiee, oaeenoa) n iiiiuueth iiae-
iaoeaaiey a iaieoie eee aaeo aea?oau eeioaeeia. *aeiaae, io?aa-
eaiiue eeioaeeiii, /a?ac ianeieueei naeoiae eee ieioo (a caaene-
iinoe io i?eiyoie aeicu) i?eoiaeeo a aaniiiiuiia ninoiyiea, ii ca-
nuiaao, ia?anoaao neuoaoue, aeaeaoue e iiieiaoue i?ienoiaeyuaa,
iaacaeaeaeeaaaony, iia?oaeaaony a eciaiaiiia aanniciaoaeueiia ninoi-
yiea e canuiaao. Yoio aeae i?anooieaiee /anoi niaa?oatho oee/iua
i?inoeoooee, eiaaea i?eaiaeeo eo e naaa aeiiie. I?anooi-
ieoeu iacaiaoii iiaeiaoeaatho aio a nie?oiia eeioaeei, e eiaaea
aea?oaa oee/iie ethaae canuiaao, aai a?aayo e en/acatho. I?inioa-
oenue oo?ii, ethaiaiee-iaoaea/iee ie/aai ia iiiieo e, eae i?aae-
ei, ?aaeei eiaaea iiaeao aniiiieoue, eae auaeyaeeo i?anooiieoea.

Aio /oi ?anneacuaaao iaeia aeaiueia-ynoiiea i i?iecioaaeoai
n iath neo/aa.

\
oi aeineooae aei eiioea”. II >> 3J

ss iiiith, /oi aeinoaea yoe aeaiueae e n?aco aea iiiyea, /oi a ?o-
eao o iaiy ionoi. Niio?th ia aa ?oee, o iaa a ?oeao oiaea ie/aai
iao, y ni?ineea, aaea iie aeaiueae. Iia i?ineo ia aieiiaaoueny, iie,
iie, ieeoaea ia aeaeenue. Aio oae. ss oaea iooiaeeea io iaa e ciaea,
/oi aeaiaa o iaiy iao. Eioa?anii, o iaiy oe?aoaiey auee e a ei-
oaeueea iaei/ue… Yoi iia ie/aai ia acyea, oieueei yoe aeaiueae.

Aea, aua. Iiaeao, iia iiioaaoue iaiy oioaea eee aieueoa aio-
oeoue iia, /oi iia oae no?aoia.aeey iaiy? Iia neacaea, /oi iiaeao
?acaeaoueny, e y oaeaeo, /oi iia ia /aeiaae, iiyoiio iia ia noieo
oae eaaeiiuneaiii aanoe naay ii ioiioaieth e iae. Iioii iia nea-
caea, /oiau y caao?a i?eoea ia yoi ianoi, oae eae iia oi/ao iiyoue
ni iiie ano?aoeoueny e iiaiai?eoue. ss, oaea ciay, /oi o iaiy iao aea-
iaa, aiai?th, /oi, iiaeao, ia ioaeii i?eoiaeeoue, o iaiy oaea ie/aai
iao. Iia aiai?eo: “I?eoiaeeoa, y oi/o n aaie ano?aoeoueny e iiai-
ai?eoue” .

– Ou iiiieoue, eae ioaeaaaea aeaiueae?

– Iia ia iaiy iiaeaenoaiaaea oae, /oi y aea?aeaea eo a ?oeao
e, ii-aeaeeiiio, ia?aaeaea ae. ss ciaea, /oi iia o iaiy eo caa?aea
naiae ?oeie, ii o iaiy e iae ia auei ieeaeie ceiau, /oiau /oi-oi
oai e?eeiooue, inoaiiaeoue aa.

– Iiiai aeaiaa auei?

– Ieiei iyoe ouny/ e?ii. ss aeieai nii?ioeaeyeanue e ia ioaea-
aaea ae eo, iioiio /oi naia aeieaeia auea eo ioaeaoue. Yoi auee ia
iie aeaiueae, e y ae iinoiyiii oaa?aeeea yoi. Iia iia: “*oi aaoe
aeaiueae ii n?aaiaieth n /aeiaa/aneie aeeciueth, a anee au eo iia ia
ioaeaaeeoa, o aan a naiuea aoaeao ian/anouea. *oi aeey aan yoe aeaiueae…”
E oae ianeieueei ?ac. Iia nii?ioeaeaiea aa ceeei, iia e?e/aea,
/oi naeaeaao iia ieioi-
Iiaeiaiuo enoi?ee, eae eiai-oi ec iaoeo ciaeiiuo ieieaei-
aaee e iiae aicaeaenoaeai aeiiica iaia?aee aei ieoee, iaiaei. E na-
iia oaeaniia, /oi, inoaiiaeaoenue e caaiai?ea n iaciaeiiui i?i-
oiaeei, oeoe ou oaea ia iiaeaoue, oae eae oaay oaea neiaeee. Ii-
yoiio – i?ioiaee ieii e iiiie cieioie niaao Ieoaeea Aoeaaeiaa:

“Ieeiaaea ia ?acaiaa?eaaeoa n iaecaanoiuie”.

Ianniaia niciaiea nicaeaei a oa/aiea aaeia ia?ac caaaaei/iiai,
iieiiai oaeiu e ineoe/aneie iiue aeiiioeca?a, iaia?aoeii aee-
ythuaai ia ineoeeo iau/iuo ethaeae. Iaeiaei yoi aieueoa eaaaiaea,
/ai ?aaeueiinoue, ai?i/ai, eaaaiaea, ouaoaeueii iiaeaea?aeeaaaiay ca-
eioa?aniaaiiuie a iae aeiiioeca?aie.

Ethaee i?aaeii/eoatho ia?auaoueny e eieaeoiai, yeno?anainai e
aeiiioeca?ai, n oai /oiau oa aicaeaenoaiaaee ia ieo i?e iiiiue
iaaee, eee aeiiica, e ia oioyo iiiyoue, /oi iiuiae-
oea ?aca?au enoeaeaiey iaoiaeyony a ieo naieo. I?aaaea, inaiaiae-
aeaiea yoeo iiuiuo nee iiaeniciaiey o?aaoao ii?aaeaeaiiuo aiea-
auo oneeee. Ethaee aea i?aaeii/eoatho, /oiau ca ieo ?aaioae eoi-oi
ae?oaie, a a ?acoeueoaoa ca/anooth aeiaa?ythony oa?eaoaiai.

Ai iiiaeo aeiioacao, iauyniythueo nooue aeiiica, aieueoia ia-
noi oaeaeyaony oaeiio iiiyoeth, eae aiooaaiinoue. N/eoaaony, /oi
yoi ea/anoai i?enoua anai ethaeyi, iaeiaei a ?acee/iie noaiaie,
E?iia oiai, iii iaiyaony a caaeneiinoe io oiai, eoi i?iaiaeeo aio-
^–^s oaiea aicaeaenoaeai. Nouanoaoao ?yae oaeoi?ia, io eioi?uo
[I 6 jj caaeneo aiooaaiinoue. E iauei ioiinyony iaoaa?aiiinoue,

o?aaiaeiinoue, ?iainoue, ieceay naiiioeaiea, /oanoai nianoaaiiie ia-
iieiioeaiiinoe, iiauoaiiay yiioeeiiaeueiinoue, aia/aoeeoaeueiinoue
e neaainoue eiae/aneiai aiaeeca. E neooaoeaiui (oi anoue ia?aiai-
iui) – ieceee o?iaaiue inaaaeiieaiiinoe, eiiiaoaioiinoe, auni-
eay noaiaiue cia/eiinoe, iaii?aaeaeaiiinoue, aeaoeoeeo a?aiaie, ia-
eioi?ua ineoe/aneea ninoiyiey (aiooaaiinoue aic?anoaao a onei-
aeyo iieiy e ?aeaenaoeee eee, iaiai?io, neeueiiai yiioeeiiaeueiiai
aicaoaeaeaiey, i?e no?anna, ooiieaiee, aieacie).

Yooaeoeaiinoue aiooaiey ii?aaeaeyaony /aou?ueiy a?oiiaie
oaeoi?ia:

1. Naienoaa noaaanoi?a (aai aunieee nioeeaeueiue noaoon, ai-
eaaia, eioaeeaeooaeueiia i?aainoiaenoai).

2. Naienoaa noaaa?aioa (oi anoue oiai /aeiaaea, eioi?iio aio-
oatho, – iie auee ?acia?aiu auoa).

3. Ioiioaiey, neeaaeuaathueany iaaeaeo noaaanoi?ii e noaaa-
?aioii (aaoi?eoao, caaeneiinoue).

4. Niinia eiino?oe?iaaiey niiauaiey -o?iaaiue a?aoiaioe-
?iaaiiinoe, ni/aoaiea eiae/aneeo e yiioeeiiaeueiuo eiiiiiai-
oia.

A ethaii neo/aa eaeia-oi aiooaiea aeinoeaiao oeaee. Iaaei oieue-
ei iaia?oaeeoue o /aeiaaea . A eiaaea oaeie iaeaeai, ie/oi ia iaoaao aaanoe /aeiaaea a iaiai. Anee ii
ia aa?eo a aeiiic, oi aa?eo a aeiiiea, anee ia aa?eo a Aiaa, oi aa-
?eo a neeo iaoee, eioi?ay a yoii neo/aa auiieiyao ?ieue Aiaa. Eae
ienae A. Eaae, , , /a?iay yia?-
aey, aeo?iie aeac, ineoio?iieea, aaiie?u e i?i/ay – a oii eee
eiii i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa a eaaeaeie aaaeiie aieiaooea>.

Aiooaaiinoue anoue anaiauaiethuaa naienoai, oa?aeoa?iia aeey
anao aeeauo i?aaieciia ia Caiea, aieioue aei iaeiieeaoi/iuo.

Iioaioeeae aiooaaiinoe i?enou eaaeaeiio, ii anoue yae?i aeooe
/aeiaa/aneie, ae?aaiae /aeiaaea. I?e?iaea ac?aueaaea aai iinoa-
iaiii, io aeaea e aeaeo, ec ?iaea a ?iae, iao ia iaoae ieaiaoa ie aaee-
iiai nouanoaa aac iaai… Ii ia?aeeaeueii ?anooo caueoiua neeu:

ecae?aoaeueiinoue e aiaoiei aicaeaenoaeyi, niiniaiinoue e naiiaio-
oaieth, niiniaiinoue iuneeoue. ?anoao e acaeiinaycue, e iacaaene-.
iinoue, naiinoiyoaeueiinoue. A ?yaeo aiooaaiuo nouanoa ie?a /aei-
aae ia anoue eneeth/aiea, ii aunoay e iiai?ioiay oi/ea.

A aio aua i?eia? e?eieiaeueiiai aeiiica. Aa?ie iaeiie iiaan-
oe oioyo oe?anoue ecoi?oae ec aaieianeiai naeoa. I?e yoii ia?a-
aeoue aaie iaaiciiaeii – ii neeoeii oi?ioi caueuai. Iiaeii,
i?aaaea, eaaaeueii aieoe a iiiauaiea, aaea noiyo naeou, – aeey yoi-
ai iaaei noaoue eeeaioii aaiea; ii e ooo anoue i?aiyonoaea, eaaeaeue
naeo ioe?uaaaony aeaoiy eeth/aie, iaeei ec eioi?uo o?aieony o
eeeaioa, a ae?oaie o io?aiieea, eiathuaai oioia?aoee anao eee-
aioia. Oio eeth/, eioi?ue i?eiaaeeaaeae aeaaeaeueoeo naeoa n ecoi-
?oaeii, i?anooiieee oaea aeiauee, ii aaaeue io?aiiee ia ioe?iao /o-
aeie naeo. E a?aaeoaee ?aoatho i?eiaieoue aeiiic…

Aeueaa?o E?iiaaeue (io?aiiee) aeee a eaa?oe?a ia aeaaaeoeaoue naaeue-
iii yoaaea a Aa?oiai Aanonaeaea e aeiae?aeny aeiiie ia iao- ^–..s
?i. A oio aeaiue, eiaaea ii aioae a eeoo, ?ineue eiiicaioiue I L ‘ JJ

ioae/eia n /a?iui i?iiceoaeueiui acaeyaeii, aunieei eaii e ao-
nouie /a?iuie aieinaie, a eioi?uo ia/eiaea na?aa?eoueny naaee-
ia, aioae a eeoo aianoa n iei.

– Au oaea aeaeaee yoe oeeo?u? – ni?inee ioae/eia aeoaieei
i?iieeiiaaiiui aieinii.

Oaeeaeaiiue Aeueaa?o iiaa?ioeny e ninaaeo: iaciaeiiua ethaee
ia ?acaiaa?eaatho a eeooa.

– I?ioo i?iuaiey?..

Eeaeii aieiau eiiicaioiue ioae/eia oeacae ia ?yae iiia-
?ia, naaoyueony iaae aeaa?ueth.

– ss aiai?th ia yoeo oeeo?ao. Iiniio?eoa ia ieo! Ia?aoeoa aie-
iaiea ia ?aaoey?iinoue aeaeaeaiey, – i?iaeieaeae naiei cao/iui
aieinii no?aiiue iiioo/ee. – Eae i?eyoii aeaeaoue oi?ioi ia-
eaaeaiiue iaoaieci, aeaenoaothuee aacioeacii, ?aaoey?ii niio-
?aoue ia iiia?a, ciaoue, /oi ca eaaeaeui iiia?ii iineaaeoao ae?oaie.
Niio?eoa ia iiia?a. I?ieciineoa eo aneoo, anee oioeoa, – yoi on-
iieaeaaao iinea ?aaiou. Oae oi?ioi, /oi anoue aiciiaeiinoue ioaeio-
iooue, aiciiaeiinoue niio?aoue ia yoe iiia?a, /oanoaiaaoue, eae oaei
?anneaaeyaony, ?anneaaeyaony, /oanoaiaaoue naay a aaciianiinoe,
niio?aoue ia iiia?a, neaaeeoue ca ieie, /oanoaiaaoue, eae eaaeaeue
ioneoe ?anneaaeyaony, eaaeaeue ia?a ?anneaaeyaony, /oanoaiaaoue,
/oi iiaeii iaeiiaoe i?eneiieoueny e noaia e ?anneaaeoueny, ?annea-
aeoueny, ?anneaaeoueny. Oaia?ue aieueoa ie/aai ia nouanoaoao, e?i-
ia oeeo? e iiaai aieina.

Eiiicaioiue ioae/eia caiie/ae e iiniio?ae ia Aeueaa?oa,
i?eneiieaoaainy e noaia eeooa e ono?aieaoaai aanniuneaiiue
acaeyae ia oeeo?u iiaa?o aeaa?e. Iiaan aeaaiaaeoeaoue iiia?. Aeue-
aa?o E?iiaaaeue niio?ae ia iiia?a.

– Au neuoeoa iaiy? – ni?inee eiiicaioiue ioae/eia.

-Aea.

– A aeeaeaeoea aeie a aaiea, aaea au ?aaioaaoa, e aai ia?aoeo-.
ny /aeiaae. Au iaiy iiieiaaoa?

– Aea, – ioaaoee Aeueaa?o.

– *aeiaae neaaeao aai: . Au
iaiy iiieiaaoa?

-Aea.

– *oi neaaeao aai /aeiaae?

– Ea?ae n aoaaineeie aaiaiaie.

– I/aiue oi?ioi, – neacae eiiicaioiue ioae/eia. Caaeaany
iiia? naiiaaeoeaoue. – Au ii-i?aaeiaio /oanoaoaoa naay niaa?-
oaiii ?anneaaeaiiui, – i?iaeieaeae ii. – Eiaaea /aeiaae neaaeao
aai: , au naeaeaaoa oi, /oi ii aa-
eeo. Au iaiy iiiyee?

– Aea, – ioaaoee Aeueaa?o E?iiaaeue.

– *oi au naeaeaaoa, eiaaea /aeiaae neaaeao ?

– ss naeaeath oi, /oi ii iia aaeeo, – ioaaoee Aeueaa?o E?ii-
aaeue.

– I/aiue oi?ioi. Yoi i/aiue oi?ioi, o aan ana aoaeao i/aiue oi-
?ioi. Eiaaea /aeiaae iieeiao aan, au caaoaeaoa, /oi ii i?eoiaeee.
/.–e Iiieiaaoa?
[RJ -Aea.

– *oi au naeaeaaoa, eiaaea ii aan iieeiao?

– ss caaoaeo, /oi ii i?eoiaeee.

– I?aainoiaeii, iieiaeaoe, ana oi?ioi. – Eiiicaioiue ioae-
/eia i?ioyioe ?oeo e iaaeae ia eiiieo aeaaaeoeaoue iyoiai yoaaea. –
Eiaaea y aan iieeio, au caaoaeaoa iao ?acaiai?. Eiaaea au aeiaaeaoa
aei aaoaai yoaaea, au aoaeaoa /oanoaiaaoue naay ?anneaaeaiiui, aai
aoaeao i/aiue, i/aiue oi?ioi. Au ia aoaeaoa aniiieiaoue iao ?acai-
ai? aei oiai a?aiaie, iiea /aeiaae ia neaaeao aai: . Oiaaea au naeaeaaoa oi, /oi aaeeo yoio /aeiaae, a
eiaaea ii oeaeao, au caaoaeaoa iao ?acaiai?, caaoaeaoa /aeiaaea, ei-
oi?ue e aai i?eoiaeee. Au naeaeaaoa yoi?

– Aea, – ioaaoee Aeueaa?o E?iiaaeue.
Iaae aeaa?yie eeooa caaeaany iiia? . Eeoo inoaiiaeeny.
Aeaa?e ?acaeaeioeenue.

– Iieiaeaoe, i/aiue oi?ioi, – neacae eiiicaioiue ioae/eia,
auoiaey ec eaaeiu. – I/aiue oi?ioi.

Aeaa?ue cae?ueanue, e eeoo iiaeiyeny aei aeaaaeoeaoue naaeueiiai. Aeue-
aa?o ano?yoioeny e auoae ec eaaeiu. Oeuaaynue, ii iai?aaeeny
ii ei?eaei?o oi?oaie iioiaeeie. Ii /oanoaiaae naay ioaeioioaoei
e aiae?ui, ei?i/a aiai?y, ii /oanoaiaae naay i?aainoiaeii…

Aeaeueoa a iiaanoe ana i?iecioei eiaiii oae, eae i?eeacae
aeiiioeca?. Ceioiuoeaiieee ioe?uee naeo e oe?aee ecoi?oae.

iniiau

E?EIEIAEUeIIE

ineoieiaee

[^
^1 ia?aiaiiay iaoea n/eoaao, /oi ana ie?icaeaiea iaoa-
| ( | ?eaeueii e ie/aai, e?iia iaoa?ee, a iai iao. Neaaeiaa-
| \y^ | oaeueii, e i?e?iaea /aeiaaea iieiinoueth iaoa?eaeueia e
k r ie/aai naa?ouanoanoaaiiiai a iai iao e auoue ia iiaeao.
^—‘ Iiyoiio e ooaa?aeaeaaony, /oi a oece/aneie i?e?iaea /a-
eiaaea i?enoonoaotho ana o?e aeaea iaoa?ee: aauanoai, oece/a-
neea eceo/aiey e oece/aneea iiey. A yoii niunea iiaeii aiai-
?eoue, /oi i?e?iaea /aeiaaea e i?e?iaea Anaeaiiie aaeeiu e oiaeaea-
noaaiiu.

Aaeeinoai ioaeaeueiiai e iauaai a i?e?iaea /aeiaaea ?aaoee?o-
aony iniiaiui caeiiii aeeaeaeoeee, niaeanii eioi?iio acaeii-
iaoneiaeaiiia ?acaeoea /aeiaaea e Einiina a oeaeii iauyniyaony
aaeeinoaii e ai?ueaie aeaoo iauaeinie/aneeo i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoae.

?anniao?eaay /aeiaaea eae iee?ieiniin, o/aiua-aeiiioeca-
?u auaeaeytho a iai: oaiiiaiu, naycaiiua n aai aauanoaaiiui oa-
eii; oaiiiaiu, naycaiiua n aai oece/aneei eceo/aieai, e oaii-
iaiu, naycaiiua n iaee/eai a iai e aie?oa iaai ?aciiai ?iaea oe-
ce/aneeo iieae. A ?onneie ?aeeaee yoe o?e iniiaiua iaoa?eaeueiua
ninoaaeythuea o?eaaeeiie i?e?iaeu /aeiaaea iacuaatho (aeioece/aneei oaeii), (ec-
eo/aiey /aeiaaea) e (oece/aneea iiey /aei-
aaea).

I?eioeei iiey?iinoe a ono?ienoaa o?ie/iie i?e?iaeu /aeiaa-
ea i?iniao?eaaaony ai anao o?ao /aeiaaea. Oaei aaua-
noaaiiia ninoieo ec aeioeceieiae/aneie iniiau e ineoeee, oaei
eceo/aiee ninoieo ec iieiaeeoaeueiuo e io?eoeaoaeueiuo yeaeo?i-
iaaieoiuo ca?yaeia e yeaeo?iiaaieoiuo aiei, a iieaaie eiiieaen
/aeiaaea ninoieo ec aeaoo iniiaiuo aeia?aaeoaoeeiiiuo ia/ae –
iooaeeeaathuaai e i?eoyaeaathuaai, ninoiyueo ec iauaoece/a-
neeo iieae: a?aaeoaoeeiiiiai, iaaieoiiai, yeaeo?e/aneiai e ae?.

O/aiua-aeiiieiae e NE-niaoeeaeenou a iniiaiii caiyou eco-
/aieai ineoeee, ?aaeoeee e iiaaaeaiey ethaeae a o?ainiauo ninoiy-
ieyo. Iiyoiio i?aaeaea /ai ia?aeoe iaiin?aaenoaaiii e oai?ee e?e-
1 e i?aaiiicaiaie
io?eoeaoaeueiue, eee .

I?aaue iica a naiae iniiaa iuneeo /oanoaaie e ia?acaie. Ii-
yoiio ycueii e iaiyoueth i?aaiai iicaa yaeythony /oanoaa e ia?a-
cu, oae aea eae e o aeeaioiuo. Iiyoiio i?aaue iica iu iacuaaai
.

Oi?aaeytho ?aaeoeeyie i?aaiai iicaa einoeie-
oeaiua /oanoaa, iuouaiey e ia?acu. O /aeiaaea iie iacuaathony
, e eaeiaui ioiinyony: einoeieo
nio?aiaiey aeecie, iieiaie einoeieo, einoeieou aieiaea, aeaae-
aeu, aeeeuey, oa??eoi?ee e ae?. Iiyoiio o/aiua-aeiiieiae e ooaa?-
aeaeatho, /oi eeth/aie e i?aaiiicaiaie i?e?iaea /aei-
aaea yaeythony /oanoaa, ia?acu e iuouaiey, oaeiaeaoai?ythuea aai
iniiaiua i/aeiaa/aiiua einoeieou-iio?aaiinoe.

aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaiai iicaa i/aiue i?inoa –
i?e oaeiaeaoai?aiee einoeieoeaiuo iio?aaiinoae /aeiaaea ii aa-
ia?e?oao iieiaeeoaeueiua /oanoaa, yiioeee e ia?acu, a i?e eo ia-
oaeiaeaoai?aiee – io?eoeaoaeueiua. Iiyoiio, ciay aanniciaoaeueiia
ono?ienoai i?aaiai (/oanoaaiii-ia?aciiai) iicaa, e?eieiaeueiua
aeiiioeca?u e i?eaeoiuaatho ?acee/iua e
aeey aicaeaenoaey ia aeoaeiioth aanniciaoaeueioth i?aaiiicaiaoth
i?e?iaeo /aeiaaea, eioi?oth aieueoeinoai ethaeae niaa?oaiii ia
eiio?iee?oao, a iiyoiio e caueoeoueny io e?eieiaeueiuo aeiii-
o?theia ia iiaeao.

Eaaue iica /aeiaaea yaeyaony aai eaeaaeueiie, eee , i?e?iaeie. Iuneeo e caiiieiaao eaaue iica oieueei
neiaa. sscueii eaaiai iicaa yaeythony oaeaea oieueei neiaa, ioi?-
ieaiiua a /aeiaa/aneoth ?a/ue, eioi?ay e nicaeaao eaeaaeueioth aeo-
oiaioth i?e?iaeo /aeiaaea – aai eaeaaeu, i?eioeeiu, oaaaeaeaiey,
iauea e i?ioanneiiaeueiua ciaiey, aai ainieoaiea e i?aanoaai-^
iinoue, aai niaanoeeainoue e ii?aeue, aai iauanoaaiiua e nioeeaeueiua
onoaiiaee e o. ae.

Ecaanoiue enneaaeiaaoaeue A. A. Oa?an (1998) ieoao, /oi ana
.

Aeey iaeioi?uo aeaeia /aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe iiauoaiiay
aeoeaiinoue i?aaiai iieooa?ey i?aaeii/oeoaeueia. Iai?eia?, aeey
e , a eiie?ao-
iie aeaiiinoe i?ienoiaeyuaai e a oaeouee iiiaio a?aiaie. Ii-
yoiio oneeaiea aeoeaiinoe i?aaiai iieooa?ey, aai aeiieie?iaa-
iea iaae eaaui, eae au ?acaeaeaaao ?aiee iuouaiey a?aiaie e
i?iaeeaaaao noauaeoeaiia oa/aiea a?aiaie. Aiaoia yoi au?aaea-
aony a onei?aiee ioaaoiuo ?aaeoeee oaea. Aeaei a oii, /oi ia nei-
aaniii (aano?aeoii-eiae/aneii) o?iaia iuoeaiea /aeiaaea on-
iaaaao ia?a?aaioaoue ia aieaa 100 aaeeieoe eioi?iaoeee a naeoiaeo,
oiaaea eae ia ia?aciii e nainiiioi?iii (aeaeaaoaeueiii) o?iaiyo –
, aei 10 ieeeeiiia aaeeieoe! Aeaaiaea?y yoiio , inaiaiaeaeai-
iue io , i?aeoe/anee iaiiaaiii caioneaao ioae-
ioth a neooaoeee aeaeaaoaeueioth ?aaeoeeth. Aio ii/aio ianoa?a ?o-
eiiaoiiai aiy aeaenoaeoaeueii io?aaeatho iaiaaeaiea e eiio?aoaeo-
tho ?aiueoa, /ai naie oniaaatho ia yoii iiaeoiaoue.

Iaeiaei auai? oao eee eiuo aeaeaeaiee (naycie i?eaiia) iao
aeieiiiuethoa? iiaeao inouanoaeoue eeoue ec /enea oao, eioi?ua oaea
caeiaee?iaaiu a aeaea noa?aioeiia a nianoaaiiie ineoeea, a /oiau
eo ooaea, o?aaoaony iiiaie?aoiia iiaoi?aiea (ia iaiaa
5000 ?ac ia eaaeaeue i?eai) e aeeeoaeueiia oi?aaeiaiea, o. a. io?a-
aioea a iioiaeeo, ii ana aea ?acee/athueony aeaoaeyie neooaoeeyo.
Eiuie neiaaie, aaoiiaoeci aeaenoaee a aith o?aaoao i?aaeaa?eoaeue-
iie ia?aaioee ii?aaeaeaiiuo (iao?eoe) aeaeaeaiee. Aii-
neaaenoaee oaeea eeeoa o?aie?iaaiiue /aeiaae iiaeao
i?aeoe/anee iaiiaaiii iinea iauaai iiiciaiey oa?aeoa?a neoo-
aoeee. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi ia iiiciaiea neooaoeee, inouanoaeyaiia
i?aaui iieooa?eai, o?aaoaony anaai eeoue 60 ieeeenaeoiae, oia-
aea eae aa iiyeaiaioiue aiaeec (?aaioa eaaiai iieooa?ey) caie-
iaao 320 ieeeenaeoiae. Ii anee, iai?eia?, aeaa oaea?a eaeoo iaeei
_ s ca ae?oaei n eioa?aaeii iaiueoa yoie aaee/eiu, oi /aeiaae
[[12 J) oece/anee ia niiniaai aaeaeaaoii i?i?aaae?iaaoue ia aoi-

?ie ec ieo. Iiyoiio anyeee ?ac, eiaaea aiaoe iuoaaony iiiyoue ne-
ooaoeeth a aeaoaeyo, iiicaeaiea n ioaaoii iaecaaaeii. E iaiai?io,
aini?eieiay neooaoeeth a oeaeii (ia aeoiay), ia iniiaa ?aiaa io?a-
aioaiiuo e a iiaeniciaiee noai (eeeoa, iao-
?eoe), aiaoe oniaaaao auaeaoue ioaaoioth ?aaeoeeth a e?ao/aeoee i?i-
iaaeooie a?aiaie. Yoi e anoue aaniiiyoeeiia, aaoiiaoe/aneia, ei-
ooeoeaiia iuoeaiea ianoa?a ?oeiiaoiiai aiy.

Aeiieie?iaaiea i?aaiai iieooa?ey nieaeaao /oanoaeoaeue-
iinoue e aiee, ineaaeyao e?eoe/iinoue a ioeaiea ie?oaeathuae aeae-
noaeoaeueiinoe. Niioaaonoaaiii, nieaeaaony au?aaeaiiinoue ?aaeoeee
ia ?aaeueioth iianiinoue, aieioue aei iieiiai i?aiaa?aaeaiey ath. Anee
iiaeiaiia ninoiyiea iaeeaaeuaaaony ia aioiaiinoue n?aaeaoueny aei
eiioea e aac?acee/ea e nia?oe, oi o aieoea ?iaeaeaaony oaeeaeoaeue-
iia aanno?aoea. *aeiaae ia?anoaao oiaaea ia?auaoue aieiaiea ia
/oi au oi ie auei, e?iia oiai, /oi eiaao i?yiia, naiia iaiin?aae-
noaaiiia ioiioaiea e aeaenoaeyi i?ioeaieea. Caoi ana, /oi eaeao
io a?aaa, aeaaea naiua neaaua neaiaeu (au?aaeaiea aeac, ieieea,
iee?iaeaeaeaiey eiia/iinoae e oaea, eioiiaoeee aieina e ae?.), ain-
i?eieiaaony iaiaueiiaaiii ino?i> (A. A. Oa?an, 1998).

ss iiae?iaii i?ioeeoe?iaae A. A. Oa?ana, oae eae aai iiaiea i
iiaeaioiaea aieoeia niioaaonoaoao eo/oaio iiuoo ainoi/iuo oeie
e eo/oaio nia?aiaiiiio iao/iiio iiuoo caiaaeiie ineoieiaee.
Aeaeeii, eiaiii oaeea niaoeeaeenou e aioiayo iaoe niaoeiiae?ac-
aeaeaiey oeia . Ii oioy yoi e ia ii oaia aeaiiie eieae, ii
oi/o neacaoue, /oi , aea e ethaua yiiineea eee caiaaeiua
naa?oaieoeu anaaaea aoaeoo i?iea?uaaoue a ?aaeueiie aiaaie ianoaiia-
ea ianoiyuei ?onneei aieiai, iai?eia? aieoeai aaia?aea Aeoaea-
aaa. Oae eae ianoiyuee aiei iieo/aaony oieueei i?e ?aaioa iicaa
a aa?eaioa eaaiiicaiaiai ?anoe?aiiiai (aeooiaiiai) niciaiey, a
ia i?aaiiicaiaiai, eae n/eoatho ia Ainoiea e ia Caiaaea. ?onneiai
aieia, aaeaioa ?onneie ?aeeaee, iiaaaeeoue aiiaua iaaiciiaeii…

A aaeeiie ineoeea caei?iaiai /aeiaaea ?acoiiue eaaue iica,
a neo/aa aai aeinoaoi/iiai ?acaeoey, ai iiiaii noa?aaony eiio?i-
ee?iaaoue i?aaue /oanoaeoaeueii-ia?aciue iica, ii yoi aio ia ana-
aaea oaeaaony. Aieaa oiai, i?e iaaeinoaoi/iii ainieoaiee e ia?aci-
aaiee, oi anoue i?e iaaeinoaoi/iii ?iaeaeaiiuo
ieaaeaioeaa iie au?anoatho n ineoeeie, a eioi?ie iao oeaico?u e

eiio?iey ?acoiiiai eaaiai iicaa, e aaaeoo naay yoe iaainieoaiiua
e iieoa?aiioiua ethaee, eae iioaioeeaeueiua i?anooiieee, /uey
aeeciue iieiinoueth iino?iaia ia e?oaeinooi/iii oaeiaeaoai?aiee
eo einoeieoia e iieo aeeaioiuo, oae iacuaaaiuo iio?aaiinoae. Iiyoiio e?eieiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u iniaai-
ii oniaoii eiaiii yoeo, oae neacaoue,
ethaeae, no?iy naia aicaeaenoaea ia oaeiaeaoai?aiee i?aaeaea anaai eo
einoeieoia e iio?aaiinoae.

?aaioay iaeiia?aiaiii, eaaia e i?aaia iieooa?ey /aeiaa/a-
neiai iicaa e ii?iaeaeatho oo aiaoithth ?acoeueoe?othuoth ineoeeo,
eioi?oth iu iacuaaai (INN) e a
eioi?ie iu iaaethaeaai e neiaa, e eaeae, e /oanoaa, e ana, /oi oaiae-
ii. Oai ia iaiaa e?eieiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u, /oiau oneeeoue naia
aicaeaenoaea ia /aeiaaea, noa?athony ii aiciiaeiinoe iae- ^–“s
neiaeueii eciaieoue INN, /oiau iieiinoueth oa?aoue eiio?ieue Ls-l^JJ

e nioeeaeueii-i?aanoaaiioth oeaico?o eiae/aneiai eaaiai
iieooa?ey e ia?aaanoe aiaoiaa ?acoeueoe?othuaa niciaiea iie-
iinoueth a ie? /oanoa e ia?acia i?aaiai iicaa n aai i?e-
iaoii einoeieoia e iio?aaiinoae.

E?eieiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u noa?athony aeinoe/ue o naieo aea?oa
oae iacuaaaiuo (ENN), eee
eae eo ?aiueoa iacuaaee – o?ainiauo ninoiyiee. Eiaiii ENN e
yaeythony oai oiiii, ia eioi?ii e?eieiaeueiua aei-
iioeca?u e naieo aea?oa, a ea/anoaa eioi?uo ii-
aeao auoue eae ioaeaeueiue /aeiaae, oae e a?oiia ethaeae e aeaaea oea-
eue ia?iae e ia?iaeu.

Eoae, aeaaiue nae?ao, eioi?ue ciatho e?eieiaeueiua aeiii-
oeca?u, ii i eioi?uo ia ciatho e aeaaea ia aeiaaaeuaathony ana inoaeue-
iua ethaee, yoi oio oaeo, /oi o /aeiaaea iauaiea n aiaoiei ie?ii
i?ienoiaeeo ia oieueei neiaaie, eae ana n/eoatho, a a iniiaiii /oa-
noaaie, ia?acaie, einoeieoaie e iio?aaiinoyie. Iiyoiio yaii
ia /aeiaaea iiaeii aeaenoaiaaoue neiaaie, a ne?uoii ia ethaiai /a-
eiaaea iiaeii aicaeaenoaiaaoue /a?ac aai i?aaenoaaeaiey, /oanoaa,
aiia?aaeaiea, oeceieiae/aneea einoeieou e iio?aaiinoe.

A aeaeueiaeoeo aeaaao naiae eieae y i?eaaaeo aaeeeia iiiaea-
noai ineoioaoiee iaiaiiiai aicaeaenoaey ia /aeiaaea, e ana yoe
oaoieee aoaeoo iniiaaiu ia aicaeaenoaee eiaiii ia aanniciaoaeue-
iia, a ia ia ?acoi, iiyoiio ana oaoieee e?eieiaeueiiai aeiiica e
iniiaaiu ia ia?aaiaea niciaiey /aeiaaea ec ?aaeeia ?acoia a ?a-
aeei i?aaenoaaeaiee, /oanoa, iio?aaiinoae e aiia?aaeaiey, e eiai-
ii ia yoi eciaiaiiia ninoiyiea niciaiey, e aicaeaenoaotho. Oi anoue
aicaeaenoaotho e?eieiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u a iniiaiii ia /oanoaa,
einoeieou, aiia?aaeaiea e no?anoe ethaeneea…

Enneaaeoy /aeiaa/aneea ?aaeoeee e iiaaaeaiea, e?eieiaeueiua
aeiiioeca?u, ciay auoai?eaaaeaiiua caeiiu ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
iicaa, onoaiiaeee, /oi iiaaaeaiea e aeaaea noaeueaa aieueoeinoaa eth-
aeae ai iiiaii caaenyo io oiai, eaeia iieooa?ea iicaa yaii aeiie-
ie?oao a eo aiaoiae ?acoeueoe?othuae ineoeea. Ionthaea aicieeei
ianeieueei oi?ioi i?iaiice?oaiuo oeiia /aeiaa/aneeo yiioeee
e iiaaaeaiey. ‘

1. Ia?aue oei – aieueooth /anoue naiaai nooi/iiai a?aiaie /a-
eiaae iaoiaeeony a iau/iii ninoiyiee niciaiey (INN) eee a ni-
noiyiee iau/iiai ii/iiai nia.

A yoii neo/aa ?aaeoeeyie e iiaaaeaieai yoeo ethaeae oi?aaeytho
noi?ie?iaaiiua eo neiaaniie e yiioeeiiaeueii-ia?aciie iaiyoueth
onoaiiaee, eaeae, eiathueeny ee/iue aeeciaiiue e i?ioanneiiaeue-
iue iiuo, oaaaeaeaiey, ii?aeueiua i?eioeeiu, eaeaaeu, i?aanoaai-
iua e eiua oeaiiinoe e i?eaioaoeee, aeaoneia ainieoaiea, oeieueiia
e eiia ia?aciaaiea, nioeeaeueiia iieiaeaiea, aiaoiyy ianoaiiaea e
ianoiyoaeuenoaa, /oanoai neiiaoee, /oanoai aa?u e aeiaa?ey.

ss, eae e aieueoeinoai ae?oaeo niaoeeaeenoia, n/eoath, /oi a ii?-
ia ethaui./aeiaaeii ia?aiai oeia oi?aaeytho /oanoai oaeiaieue-
noaey, no?aieaiea e aaciianiinoe e iieith e eiathuaany o iaai ain-
ieoaiea, oa?aeoa? e i?eau/ee. I?e/ai o aieueoeinoaa ioae/ei
yoiai oeia /ooue aieueoa aano?aeoiiai oia, neia e eiaeee, a o aieue-

_ s oeinoaa aeaiuei ia?aiai oeia /ooue aieueoa cae?aaiai niun-
[N 14 E ea, /oanoa e oaioacee.

2. Aoi?ie oei – aeiieie?iaaiea o?ainiauo ninoiyiee.
Yoi naa?oaiooaaiua e naa?oaeiiaaaeueiua ethaee, iiaaaeaieai
e ?aaeoeeyie eioi?uo a iniiaiii oi?aaeyao ineoioeceieiaey i?a-
aiai iieooa?ey iicaa: aiia?aaeaiea, eeethcee, aaeethoeeiaoeey,
niu, ?acee/iua aeaeaiey e i?aaenoaaeaiey, ia/oaoaeueiua aeaeaiey,
/oanoaa e iuouaiey, aa?a a iaiau/iia, /anoi neeueiay aa?a a /ae-
oi aaoi?eoao eee a eiai-oi eee ai /oi-oi, noa?aioeiu iauanoaai-
iiai, nioeeaeueiiai e eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai iiaaaeaiey e ii?i ?aaae?i-
aaiey, ei?unoiua eee aanei?unoiua eioa?anu (iniciaaaaiua eee
iainiciaaaaiua), noeaia?ee i?ienoiaeyueo n ieie niauoee, oae-
oia e ianoiyoaeuenoa.

Ethaeae aoi?iai oeia /aua anaai iiaeii ano?aoeoue n?aaee , , iiyoia, aeoa?ia, aeaoae aei 5-6 eao, a?oenoia (iaa-
oeia, iocueaioia e ae?.), , , , ia?-
eiiaiia, aethaeaiiuo, aa?othueo naeoaioia, aeeiaieeeia, enoa-
?e/iuo yieeaioeeia, iieeoeeia e ae?.

3. O?aoee oei – yoi ethaee ni cia/eoaeueiui aeiieie?iaaieai
a eo aiaoiae ?acoeueoe?othuae ineoeea ineoioeceieiaee eaaiai
iieooa?ey iicaa.

Ethaeueie n yaiui aeiieie?iaaieai eaaiai iicaa i?aaeaea anaai
oi?aaeytho neiaaniay eioi?iaoeey e ana niaea?aeaiea iaiyoe eaai-
ai iieooa?ey iicaa, a oaeaea /?acia?ii eniiaaaeoaiua eie eaeae,
eaeaaeu, i?eioeeiu, oaaaeaeaiey, onoaiiaee e aa?iaaiey. Aiaoiea
?aaeoeee yoeo ethaeae ai iiiaii ii?aaeaeythony eo ia?aciaaieai e
ainieoaieai, a oaeaea e?eoe/aneei e eiae/aneei niaea?aeaieai
oiai, iaae /ai iie a aeaiiue iiiaio aeoiatho e /oi aiaeece?otho.

Ethaee o?aoueaai oeia /aua anaai ano?a/athony n?aaee o/aiuo, ?a-
eeaeiciuo aeayoaeae, th?enoia, iaoaiaoeeia, aiaeeoeeia, iaaeaai-
aia, eeaea?ia e aiaeaeae, i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae, ioaao-
noaaiiuo /eiiaieeia e ae?.

Eoae, anee aeey oi?aaeaiey ethaeueie ia?aiai oeia e?eieiaeue-
iua aeiiioeca?u eniieuecotho aicaeaenoaea ia eo iio?aaiinoe, oi
aeey oi?aaeaiey ethaeueie aoi?iai oeia () i?e-
iaiyaony iniiaiia aicaeaenoaea ia /oanoaa e aiia?aaeaiea yoeo eth-
aeae.

Aeey aicaeaenoaey aea ia ethaeae o?aoueaai oeia ()
i?eiaiythony iaoiaeu nicaeaiey neooaoeee aeiaa?ey e nieaeaiey e?e-
oeea-aiaeeoe/aneiai o?iaiy aeoeaiinoe eaaiai iicaa. Ia oaeeo
ethaeae iiaeii aicaeaenoaiaaoue eeoue no?iaeie oiicaeeth/aieyie,
aaoi?eoaoiuie oaeoaie e naeaeaoaeuenoaaie, iaoaiaoe/aneeie e
a?aoe/aneeie aiaeeoe/aneeie iaoa?eaeaie, nnueeie ia aiaei-
ae e aeieacaoaeuenoaa, aiaeeyoeeae e eo i?aanoaaiiinoe, niaanoe e
ii?aee, aiaeeyoeeae e /oanoaai aeieaa, iao?eioecia, ni?aaaaeee-
ainoe, caeiiiinoe e o. ae.

4. *aoaa?oue oei – yoi i?eieoeaiua ethaee ni cia/eoaeueiui
i?aiaeaaeaieai i?aaiiicaiauo einoeieoeaii-aeeaioiuo ninoi-
yiee.

Eae i?aaeei, yoi iaainieoaiiua e iaia?aciaaiiua ethaee n ia-
?acaeoui eaaui iicaii, /anoi au?inoea n caaea?aeeie ineoe/a-
neiai ?acaeoey a nioeeaeueii iaaeaaiiieo/iie ianoaiiaea (a naiueyo
i?anooiieeia, aeeiaieeeia, ia?eiiaiia, i?inoeoooie, ai- ^,–
iinaenoaeenoia-eca?auaioeaa, naaeenoia-iacioenoia e ae?.). II ’15

?aaeoeeyie e iiaaaeaieai yoeo ethaeae oi?aaeytho i?aaeaea anaai
iau/iua aeeaioiua einoeieou e /oanoaa: einoeieo nio?aiaiey
aeecie, iieiaie einoeieo, aeaeaiea oi?ioi anoue, ieoue, niaoue e ii-
aieueoa i?eyoiuo iuouaiee e oaeiaieuenoaee – iaoa?eaeueiuo e
oeceieiae/aneeo.

Ethaee /aoaa?oiai oeia /aua anaai ano?a/athony n?aaee i?eie-
oeaiuo ia?iaeia e a oae iacuaaaiii (oa-
?aeoa?iii, iai?eia?, aeey NOA), a oaeaea n?aaee i?anooiieeia,
n?aaee ?aceiaeeaoaeny , eiiaaea n?aaee ethaeae,
iiiaaoeo a oyaeaeaeooth aeeciaiioth neooaoeeth (aieiae e ethaeiaae-
noai, ecieyoeey e aaciaaeaaeiinoue e ae?.).

Aeey aicaeaenoaey ia yoeo ethaeae iaaei aeeyoue ia ineoioecei-
eiaeth i?aaiai iicaa: ia eniuoaiiua eie ?aiaa ia?aaeeaaiey e
/oanoaa, iniaaiii aeaoneea (oi anoue iieo/aiiua aua a aeaonoaa), ia-
neaaenoaaiiua /a?ou oa?aeoa?a e eiathueany noa?aioeiu iiaaaea-
iey, ia i?aiaeaaeathuea a aeaiiue iiiaio /oanoaa, iano?iaiea,
oaioacee e aeoeaiua einoeieou.

Iaaei ciaoue, /oi yoe, oae iacuaaaiua a iniia-
iii iuneyo i/aiue i?eieoeaii; anee au oaeiaeaoai?yaoa eo einoei-
eou e iio?aaiinoe, oi iie ?aaae?otho iieiaeeoaeueii, anee ia oaeia-
eaoai?yaoa, – oi io?eoeaoaeueii, aio e aanue eo nae?ao.

Auaaao, /oi iaeioi?ua ec yoeo ethaeae naie ?aaeoeee e iiaaaea-
iea iieiinoueth iiae/eiytho eaeiio-eeai aacoaea?aeiiio aea/aieth
eee no?anoe (ia?eioeeai, aeeiaieth, aca?oiui ea?ai, iieiaui
eca?auaieyi, aeaiueiai e o. ae.). A yoeo neo/ayo e?eieiaeueiua
aeiiioeca?u iieo/atho aaeeeoth aeanoue iaae oaeeie ethaeueie, eii-
o?iee?oy eo no?anoue eee aea/aiea.

5. Iyoue oei – yoi ethaee n oae iacuaaaiui . Yoi ethaee, eioi?ua iaoiaeaie niaoeeaeueii
aeooiaiie o?aie?iaee e NE-iaoee noiaee ?acaeoue a naaa auniei-
aeooiaiiai eaeaaeueiiai aiai/aeiaaea. A ssiiiee oaeeo ethaeae iacu-
aatho , a Eiaeee eo iacuaatho * Iaoaoiaie>, a
Eeoaa – . O ian oaeeo ethaeae ia-
cuaatho . A?aau oaeeo ethaeae ia-
cuaatho . Ia oaeeo ethaeae e?eieiaeueiua aei-
iioeca?u aicaeaenoaiaaoue ia iiaoo, oae eae aaneiia/ii onooiatho
ei a i?ioanneiiaeueiii ciaiee /aeiaaea e i?e?iaeu.

6. Oanoie oei – yoi ethaee n i?aiaeaaeaieai a eo ineoioecei-
eiaee iaoieiae/aneeo ninoiyiee. Yoi aieueiua, iaii?iaeueiua
ethaee. E niaeaeaieth, ai iiiaeo no?aiao iao nioeeaeueiuo oneiaee
aeey iiiauaiey a aieueieoeu anao ineoe/anee aieueiuo ethaeae, ii-
yoiio ca/anooth ineoe/anee aieueiua ethaee iiaoo ano?a/aoueny a ia-
oae n aaie aeecie. Eo iiaaaeaiea e ?aaeoeee iai?aaeneacoaiu, oae
eae iaii?iaeueiu. Yoe ethaee iiaoo niaa?oaoue eaeea-oi aeaenoaey a
?acoeueoaoa aieaciaiiiai iioeaa, iaoiaeynue a ieaio eaeie-ieaoaeue
aaeethoeeiaoeee eae eiaeiiai aieaciaiiiai iuouaiey. Iiiaea ec
ethaeae yoiai oeia noaiiayony aea?oaaie oioaeeoa?iuo naeo e eaea-
?aeeaee.

A iineaaeiea aeanyoeeaoey iiauneeny i?ioeaio ineoe/anee aieue-
iuo ethaeae ai iiiaeo no?aiao, ii iniaaiii a NOA. A yoie no?aia

e–e 87% ?iaeaeaaiuo ieaaeaioeaa oaea ?iaeaeathony n oie eee eiie
lUlUj noaiaiueth ineoe/aneeo ia?ooaiee. 89% ac?ineiai ianaea-

iey NOA ioaeaeaaony a ineoeao?e/aneie iiiiue, a 32% ianaea-
iey ioaeaeaaony oaea a noaoeeiia?iii ineoeao?e/aneii ea/aiee, ec
ieo 27% i?aaenoaaeytho na?ueacioth iianiinoue aeey ie?oaeathueo a
neeo oyaeanoe e niaoeeoeee naiaai caaieaaaiey.

Ii ioiioaieth e oaeei ethaeyi e?eieiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u
aeaenoaotho aeanoiei e noa?athony iino?ieoue naia aicaeaenoaea ia
no?aoa, iuouaieyo iaauiineiie aiee, ecieyoeee e, i?e iaiaoi-
aeeiinoe, iieiie iaacaeaeaeeiinoe e niaoeeaeueiii oeiea, eeoath-
uai niciaiey e aeoeaiinoe.

7. Naaeueiie oei – yoi ethaee, a /ueeo ?aaeoeeyo e iiaaaeaiee aei-
ieie?oao neeueiay yiioeey, iaeia eee ianeieueei ec iniiaiuo aaci-
auo yiioeee, ii?aaeaeythueo yiioeeiiaeueioth aeeciue aeaiiiai /aei-
aaea, iai?eia? no?ao, oaeiaieuenoaea, aiaa e ae?.

No?ao yaeyaony iaeiei ec naiuo neeueiuo aeiiiaaiiuo (o. a.
ii?iaeaeathueo aeiiic) yiioeee, ii anaaaea aicieeaao o eaaeaeiai /a-
eiaaea i?e oa?ica aai oece/aneiio, nioeeaeueiiio eee eiiio aea-
aiiieo/eth.

Eniuouaay no?ao, /aeiaae n?aco aea iiiaaeaao a noaeaiiia, ec-
iaiaiiia ninoiyiea niciaiey. Oi?iiceony eaaue iica n aai nii-
niaiinoueth e ?acoiiiio, e?eoeei-aiaeeoe/aneiio, neiaanii-ei-
ae/aneiio aini?eyoeth i?ienoiaeyuaai, a aeoeaece?oaony i?aaue
iica n aai yiioeeyie, aiia?aaeaieai e einoeieoaie.

O iao?aie?iaaiiuo ethaeae no?ao a caaeneiinoe io neooaoeee e
iniaaiiinoae ee/iinoe /aua anaai aucuaaao ii ia?anoathuae nea-
aeothuea ia?aaeeaaiey: iaoaa?aiiinoue, iianaiea, o?aaiao, enioa,
iaieeo, io/ayiea, oaean, aooaeo.

No?ao ?acei noaeaao aa?eaoeaiinoue iuoeaiey e niiniaiinoue
e ?acoiiui aeaenoaeyi, no?ao neiauaaao /aeiaaea, ia?aie/eaaao
aai oinoaaiiua e oece/aneea aiciiaeiinoe, i?e yoii niiniaiin-
oe /aeiaaea eeai i?eoiaeyo a iieiue oiaaeie, eeai aeinoeaatho e?ae-
iaai iai?yaeaiey. Aeaenoaey iaioaaiiuo ethaeae, eae i?aaeei, ia-
?aoeeiiaeueiu, a eiiaaea aacoiiu e i?eaiaeyo e ia/aeueiui iineaae-
noaeyi. A. A. Oa?an (1998) ieoao: .

Neaaeoao caiaoeoue, /oi a nia?aiaiiie e?eieiaeueiie ineoiei-
aee auaeaeytho 4 ia?u iniiaiuo i?ioeaiiieiaeiuo ae?oa ae?oao aa-
ceniuo yiioeee, eioi?ua a iniiaiii e ninoaaeytho /oanoaaiioth
aeeciue aieueoeinoaa iau/iuo ethaeae. O/eouaay, /oi ?aaeoeeyie e
iiaaaeaieai /oanoaaiii-ia?aciiai, aeeaioiiai i?aaiai iicaa eth-
aeae oi?aaeytho aeeaioiua /oanoaa e einoeieou, a e?eieiaeueiie
ineoieiaee i?eiyoi n/eoaoue, /oi i?aaui iicaii, o. a. aeoaeiiie
aanniciaoaeueiie i?e?iaeie /aeiaaea, oi?aaeytho neaaeothuea /oa-
noaa, ?aniieiaeaiiua ii naiae oauaathuae cia/eiinoe:

1. Oaa?aiiinoue-no?ao.

2. Oaeiaieuenoaea – ioa?auaiea.

3. ?aaeinoue – ai?a.

4. Oi?aeanoai – aiaa.

I?eiyoi n/eoaoue, /oi n?aaee yiioeeiiaeueiuo ethaeae naaeueiiai
oeia i?ioeann iuoeaiey, o. a. i?ioeann ia?a?aaioee eioi?iaoeee,
iinooiathuae a iica /a?ac i?aaiu /oanoa (c?aiea, neoo, eeianoa-
oe/aneea iuouaiey, iaiiyiea e ae?.) e ecioo?e i?aaiecia, auiie-
iyaony o?aiy niiniaaie:

1. Iaaeyaeii-aeaenoaaiiui. Iniiaai ia eioaineaiii e ?acii-
ia?aciii iaieioee?iaaiee nianoaaiiui oaeii, a oaeaea i?aaeia-
oaie ie?oaeathuaai i?ino?ainoaa.

2. Iaaeyaeii-ia?aciui. Iniiaai ia yiioeeiiaeueii-/oanoaai-
iii aini?eyoee i?aaeiaoia e yaeaiee aia e aioo?e i?aaiecia.

3. Aano?aeoii-eiae/aneee, iiiyoeeiue (ciaeiaia iuoea-
iea). Iniiaai ia ioia?aaeaiee i?e/eiii-neaaenoaaiiuo naycae,
oanii naycai n iaiyoueth i i?ioeii, n i?aaeaeaeaieai aoaeouaai e n
iniciaieai naiiai naay.

,/,–>\ O ethaeae yiioeeiiaeueiiai naaeueiiai oeia aaaeoueie aeaea-

IL ^JJ ie iuoeaiey yaeythony i?aaiiieooa?iua, aeeaioiua: ia-

aeyaeii-aeaenoaaiiia e iaaeyaeii-ia?aciia. Aano?aeoii-eiae/aneia
iuoeaiea eaaiai iicaa o ethaeae aeaiiiai oeia ?acaeoi ieioi; ai-
eaa oiai, eae oieueei yoe ac?uaiua, yiioeeiiaeueiua ethaee caaeeaa-
thony eaeie-eeai yiioeeae, oi n?aco aea oa?ytho e ana inoaoee ?a-
coiiiai, e?eoeei-aiaeeoe/aneiai neiaaniiai iuoeaiey.

Eoae, iu ?anniio?aee naiue iniiaiuo ineoioeceieiae/aneeo
oeiia /aeiaaea (ii A. I. Eaiaeuaa). Ii iaaei n?aco neacaoue, /oi a
?aaeueiie aeecie ana iaiiiai neiaeiaa, a eiiaaea, iaiai?io, ana
i/aiue i?inoi e iiaaaeaiea /aeiaaea oi?ioi oeeaaeuaaaony a iaeei
ec auoai?eaaaeaiiuo oeiia ?aaae?iaaiey.

O/aiua-aeiiieiae n/eoatho, /oi aieueoeinoai ethaeae ii naiei
?aaeoeeyi ii?iaeueiu e eo iiaeii ioianoe e ia?aiio oeio. Oaeeo
ethaeae a aeecie auaaao 60-80%, iiyoiio ia yoeo iau/iuo e ii?-
iaeueiuo ethaeyo iu e iiaiai?ei /ooue iiae?iaiaa.

O/aiua-aeiiieiae onoaiiaeee, /oi iieiaeia iau/iuo ac?in-
euo ethaeae ia oeaaeeaatho niune i?ieciineiuo o?ac, anee iie
niaea?aeao aieaa 14 neia, a aeaoe 3-7 eao n o?oaeii iiie*iatho o?acu,
ninoaaeaiiua aieaa /ai ec aeanyoe neia.

Onoaiiaeaii, /oi a n?aaeiai iau/iue /aeiaae caiiieiaao 20%
oiai, /oi neuoeo, e 70% oiai, /oi aeaeeo. A ec oiai, /oi /aeiaaeo
iieacuaatho n iauyniaieai, ii caiiieiaao 80-90%.

Ec oeacaiiuo naienoa /aeiaaea e?eieiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u
naeaeaee neaaeothuea auaiaeu.

1. Anee neooaoeey o?aaoao, /oiau /aeiaae ieioi iiiye, /oi aio
aiai?yo, oi e?eieiaeueiue aeiiioeca? aeieaeai aiai?eoue iaene-
iaeueii aeeeiiuie o?acaie, auno?i e aac iiaoi?ia.

2. Anee neooaoeey o?aaoao, /oiau /aeiaae oi?ioi caiiiiee oi,
/oi aio aiooatho, oi ?a/ue e?eieiaeueiiai aeiiioeca?a aeieaeia
no?ieoueny ec i?inouo, ei?ioeeo e iiiyoiuo o?ac, n iaycaoaeueiie
iaaeyaeiie eeethno?aoeeae, iauyniaieai e iiaoi?ii.

E?iia oiai, aeiiioeca?u ciatho, /oi iaiyoue /aeiaaea ?acee/-
ia a oa/aiea aeiy: n 8 aei 12 oo?a iia iaeneiaeueia, iinea iaaaea nie-
aeaaony ia 2-3 /ana, a caoai iiyoue aic?anoaao aei 22-23 /ania. Ii-
oii aiiaue nieaeaaony.

E?eieiaeueiui aeiiioeca?ai ecaanoia e aua iaeia oaeia iau/-
iie /aeiaa/aneie ineoeee. Anee caaeoiaiiia /aeiaaeii e aunea-
cuaaieth i?eiyoue ca 100%, oi ii ?aaeueii noiaao caaeoiaiiia au-
?aceoue neiaaie eeoue ia 80-85%. Auneooeaaaony e iiieiaaony
ae?oaei /aeiaaeii ec oiai, /oi caaeoiae ia?aue, 60-70%, a a ia-
iyoe oeene?oaony eeoue 10-20%.

Oeacaiiua oeeo?u aiai?yo i oii, /oi ec caaeoiaiiiai e?eie-
iaeueiui aeiiioeca?ii /aeiaae eeoue 10-20%, ii-
yoiio, /oiau iiauneoue i?ioeaio aiooaaiiai, iaaei iiauneoue i?i-
oeaio caiiieiaaiiai aeiiioece?oaiui. Iiyoiio e aicaeaenoaea ia
aeiiioece?oaiiai aeieaeii aanoenue ii anai iniiaiui naini?iui
eaiaeai – c?eoaeueiiio, neooiaiio, yiioeeiiaeueiiio, iaiiyoaeue-
iiio e oaeoeeueiiio. I?e yoii e?eieiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u cia-
tho, /oi n?aaeiee ac?ineue /aeiaae iau/ii neooaao aieiaoaeueii
oieueei ia?aua 15-20 naeoiae, a caoai aai aieiaiea eciaiyaony e
ii ia/eiaao neooaoue a iniiaiii naie iunee e euao, /oi au naia-
ai aeiaaaeoue e nooe ?acaiai?a. Iiyoiio aeiiioeca?u, i?aae- ^/-^
aea /ai /oi-oi neacaoue, aia/aea nicaeatho neooaoeeth, /oiau eo 1 L1a JJ

aieiaoaeueii neooaee. Ecaanoii, /oi eiaiii neooaoeeiiiua ia-
noiyoaeuenoaa neeueiaa anaai oi?aaeytho iiaaaeaieai e iinooieaie
eae oiiuo ethaeae, oae e ia i/aiue oiiuo ethaeae.

Eo/oee niinia iiaeoieeiooue /aeiaaea e ioaeiiio aeiiioeca-
?o aeaenoaeth – yoi ?acei ia?aie/eoue aiciiaeiinoe aai auai?a.
I?e/ai eo/oa, anee i?aaeuyaeoue aio oieueei aeaa iaeeiaeiai aa?eaioa, ii oaeeo, /oi iaeei ec aa?eaioia ii naiei iineaae-
noaeyi iaiaa , oiaaea /aeiaae iaycaoaeueii auae?aao eiai-
ii yoio aa?eaio e iiiaaeaaony oai naiui ia i?aaeeiaeaiiue .

Ae?oaie, aua aieaa * oiieee> i?eai iiaeoieeiooue /aeiaaea e
ioeaeai, yoi nicaeaoue aio /a?ac ianoiyoaeuenoaa noieue aunieia aioo-
?aiiaa iai?yaeaiea, /oi ii nai naay i?iaueao . I?e/ai
i?e/eiie n?uaa iau/ii noaiiaeony eaeia-eeai iieiaeeoaeueiia ea-
/anoai yoiai /aeiaaea, ii oiuoeaiii aeiaaaeaiiia e?eieiaeueiui
aeiiioeca?ii aei ?ieiaiai i?aaeaea.

O/aiua onoaiiaeee, /oi iiiaea ethaee ia/eiatho eo/oa ioii-
neoueny e oaeiio /aeiaaeo, eioi?ue ia aaoeo aeacao /oi-oi auea-
?ae. Aeaeeii, auea?uo /ai-oi iioiae ia iaa?aaeo, a aeoaiei a iiae-
niciaiee iiiaeo ethaeae neaeeo iieo/aiiay ec iiuoa iuneue, /oi
i?inoi oae ia iaa?aaeaeatho. Eiaiii neooaoeeth n auea?uoai iii-
aea e?eieiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u noa?athony aeeth/aoue a naie noea-
ia?ee aicaeaenoaey ia ethaeae.

E?eieiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u ciatho, /oi aaniethoiia aieueoei-
noai ethaeae ia iiaoo aei eiioea iiaaaeeoue a naaa aeeaioiia, iiyoiio
ia ethaua naie anaaaea iaoiaeyo eee noa?athony iaeoe na-
iiii?aaaeaiea. Iai?eia?, ?yeaoe? n/eoaao naay /aeiaaeii, eioi-
?ue aa?aony ca ni?aaaaeeeainoue e nioeeaeueiia ?aaainoai, a i?inoe-
oooea, oi?aoy naiei oaeii, n/eoaao, /oi aa caiyoea ie/ai ia ooaea,
/ai caiyoea ienaoaey, enoi?eea eee a?oenoa, oi?aothueo ca aeaiue-
ae naieie aeooaie, iuneyie e /oanoaaie. Iiyoiio e?eieiaeue-
iua aeiiioeca?u, ia?aaaouaay naith i/a?aaeioth aea?oao, noa?atho-
ny ethaia i?anooieaiea aea?oau ioi?ieoue eae ia/oi aeey iaai i?aa-
noaaiii ii?aaaeaiiia, i?eaieaiia e aeaaea aa?ie/aneia.

O/aiua onoaiiaeee, /oi aieueoeinoai ianaeaiey e?oiiuo ni-
a?aiaiiuo ai?iaeia a naiae iniiaiie ianna ethaee iaeiaeiiaaaeue-
iua e iaeiaiooaaiua. Ionthaea, aiciiaeii, i?aaeei e?eieiaeue-
iiai aeiiica: iiaeao i?ieacoue ethaay aaciaaeaaeiay aoa?a e ethaie
iaiai, anee yoe aeaenoaey niaa?oaoue ia iaiaa 10 ?ac, a ?aciuo ia-
noao e n ?aciuie ethaeueie. Aeaeeii, ionthaea ?iaeeeanue iiaiai?ea
oee/iuo iioaiieeia – . Ia Caiaaea yoi ia-
cuaatho . Ecaanoii, /oi a ie?a n?aaee ethauo
ethaeae, yiio e no?ai anaaaea auaatho i?inoaee, eioi?ua eaaei iiia-
aeathony ia ethaoth eee i?eiaieo naiuo iai?eoycaoaeue-
iuo iioaiieeia. Oaeiau enoi?ee n aao/a?aie, III, e ae?oaea.

E?eieiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u ciatho, /oi aieaa iieiaeiu anao
ethaeae, auae?ay a aeecie, eae iinooiaoue, i?aaeii/oaiea ioaeatho ia
e?aeiinoyi, aeaaea anee iie auaiaeiu e ?acoiiu, a onoie/eainoe e
na?aaeeia. Iiyoiio e?eieiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u noa?athony iayca-
/” …s oaeueii ?an/eaieoue e?oiiua aoa?u e iaiaiu ia iineaaeiaa-
11 ^ JJ oaeueiue ?yae iacaiaoiuo e i?eaieaiuo aeey aea?oau yoa-

iia. Oae, iai?eia?, caiaaeiua iaaycaee iai aia-
/aea iiiaieaoithth , a eiaaea iu ana niioaaoeeenue,
oi iauaia?iaeiie, iaoae n aaie, nianoaaiiinoe, oaea e ia noaei.
A iieiaeia aoaa?iee o aeanoe ieacaeenue , a iieiae-
ia – , a ia?iae ieacaeny e ia o aeanoe, e aac nianoaai-
iinoe. E?iia oiai, caiaaeiua i?iaeaeaee niaianoii
n aua iaeei o?the, ?acoeueoaoii eioi?iai noaea
iuiaoiyy neooaoeey, eiaaea 80% anao aeioiaeia iaoae e nii?aaeaeue-
iuo no?ai iu auiea/eaaai eae . Oi anoue any iaoa no?aia naaiaeiy ?aaioa-
ao ia NOA e Aa?iaieth, a ia/eiay n 1999 aiaea 90% anaai iaoaai
aeioiaea ooiaeeo ia Caiaae iiae i?aaeeiaii . Oioy, iiiyoiia aeaei, ieeaeiai a i?e?iaea
ia nouanoaoao, yoi iau/iue e?eieiaeueiue aeiiioe/aneee o?the.
Ia c?y aaoi?u Aeaeee, oi?ioi ciaaoea ineoieiaeth, i?aaeoi?a-
aeeee /aeiaa/anoai, /oi iii ieii/eo aeaaeueiui Aiieaeeinenii,
oae eae o /aeiaa/anoaa iao neeu, eioi?ay niiaeao inoaiiaeoue yoeo
. i?anooiieeia.

A iineaaeiea aiaeu ioa/anoaaiiua ineoieiae iaia?oaeeee oea-
eue ?yae ineoieiae/aneeo noa?aioeiia /aeiaa/aneiai ?aaae?iaa-
iey e iiaaaeaiey, eioi?ua acyou e?eieiaeueiuie aeiiioeca?aie
. Aio, iai?eia?, iaeioi?ua eo ieo.

e ooo aea eae iiaeii aeoaaea e i?i/iaa cae?aieoueny,
ieiee?e?oy a ineoeea iaiaiuaaaiiai…>

e oaea oiaaea, eiaaea
ii neaa, ii?ace aai…>

…> Iiyoiio eo/oa anaai, yoi ?anoai-
?eoueny n?aaee ethaeae a i/aiue aieueoii ai?iaea oae, eae yoi i?ienoi-
aeeo n eaieae, anee aa a?ineoue a ieaai…>

A a?naiaea ineoieiae/aneeo iaoiaeia aicaeaenoaey ia /aeiaaea
iaeioi?ua e?eieiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u i?eiaiytho e aua iaeei, aei-
noaoi/ii neeueiue e yooaeoeaiue i?eai. Nooue yoiai i?eaia a nea-
aeothuai: iie?aynue ia eaeie-ieaoaeue ec /aeiaaea, iaaei
naeaeaoue aai ?aaii nianoaaiiuo no?anoae, oi anoue iaaei iiaeaanoe /a-
eiaaea e /a?oa, eioi?oth ii aeaaea ia niiniaai caiaoeoue, ii eioi?ay
noaiao aeey iaai ia/aeii oaea iiaie, aeinoaoi/ii o?aae/aneie noaeue-
au. Yoio i?eai iicaieyao naiiai /aeiaaea naeaeaoue i?oaeeai ?ani?a-
au iaae naiei niaie. Oae i?eiaieee iaaeaaii yoio
i?eai ii ioiioaieth e iieeoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe aaia?aea ?io-
eeia. I ae?oaii neo/aa i?eiaiaiey yoiai i?eaia ?anneacae ecaano-
iue ?onneee ineoieia I. N. Oa?aiia, n?aaieaoee aeaenoaea yoiai
i?eaia n neooaoeeae, eiaaea o aaoiiiaeey, noiyuaai ia aa?oeia
ai?u, aae?oa ioioneatho oi?iica. I. N. Oa?aiia ?anneacae, eae i?e-
^–.s iaieee yoio i?eai i?ioea eaieoaia ieeeoeee Iaaea Aieo-
[l22JJ aaaa(TH. Uaei/eoei: ).

Iniiaa enoi?ee – neaaenoaea ii aeaeo eaieoaia ieeeoeee Iaa-
ea Aieoaaaa, eioi?ue a/a?a aua aue ia/aeueieeii neaaenoaaiiiai
ioaeaea ieeeoeee, a naaiaeiy noae i?anooiieeii nai. Iaaae oaee
/aeiaaea. Aio eae yoi i?iecioei.

Noaa ia/aeueieeii ioaeaea ii ai?ueaa n i?anooiiinoueth, Iaaae
iaia?oaeee, /oi a aai ioaeaea nio?oaeieee aa?oo acyoee. Aeaieo ii
auaiae, a o?ieo iinaaeee a oth?ueio. Aai aeoeaiinoue ia iii?aae-
eanue . Iaeiaaeaeu aa/a?ii a aai eaaeiao aioee aeaia: ii-
eiaeie – Einoy, eioi?ue noae ia aeaa?yo, e iiaeeeie – A?eai?ee.
A?eai?ee i?aaeeiaeee acyoeo, /oiau Iaaae ionooieeny io iaeiiai
aunieiiinoaaeaiiiai iaoeice, ia neaae eioi?iai ii ia/eiae au-
oiaeeoue. Iaaae aunoaaee ?aayo ec eaaeiaoa e i ?acaiai?a aeieiaeee
naiaio ia/aeueieeo. Eaeiai aea auei aai oaeeaeaiea, eiaaea aa/a-
?ii aio iicaiiee aeiiie A?eai?ee e neiai a neiai ia?aaeae ?acai-
ai?, ninoiyaoeeny o Iaaea n ia/aeueieeii. Iaaae iiiye, /oi eia-
ao aeaei n ei??oiie?iaaiiie n?aaeie.

Iaaae aue oi?ioei niaoeeaeenoii e ?aoee ?acuneaoue ieaae-
oaai ec aeaoo i?eoiaeeaoeo – Einoth. Ii auno?i aai iaoiaeeo e oa-
?icaie auaeaaao ec Einoe aaaeiua iieacaiey: iie, o A?eai?ey nae-
/an ano?a/a a ay?iii?oo n aeaaiui iaoeice Oiaeai. Iaaae iii-
/aeny a ay?iii?o e oaeaeae yoo ano?a/o. I?ineaaeea, eoaea iioii
iiaoae A?eai?ee, Iaaae ocia?o aai aae?an. I?eaey e iaio, Iaaae
neeueii ecaee aai, iinoaaee ia eieaie e auaee o iaai iieacaiey
ia Oiaey, oi anoue aaea aeeaao e /oi aeaeaao. Iiaoaa iaiaaeeaiii ii
oeacaiiiio aae?ano, Iaaae niaa?oaao aiciacaeea e oaeaaao Oia-
ey. Ii ianoieueei ?aae niaa?oaiiiio ei i?aainoaeeth, /oi, oaea ao-
aeo/e a?anoiaaiiui, ia caia/aao oyaio neaaenoaaiiiai ecieyoi?a,
eoaea iiiauai.

E eaeiai Iaaeo auei oneuoaoue io neaaeiaaoaey, /oi aaiaeeo
A?eai?ee iaiaioe aai – ii iiaenoioe Iaaeo oae iacuaaaioth . Oi anoue aae?an ii oeacae aa?iue, ii iaiaioe, ne?ua, /oi
Oiaeue aio oaea aeaa ianyoea, eae ioooaea nuaoae. E auoiaeeo, /oi
Iaaae oaee niaa?oaiii iaaeiiiai /aeiaaea, eaeiai-oi ne?iiii-
ai eiaeaia?a, o eioi?iai ia eaeaeeaaiee o?ia aeaoae e iaeei ec ieo –
ia?aeeciaaiiue eiaaeeae.

Aio eae auaaao, eiaaea neaaeiaaoaeue eee th?eno iaciaeiiu n in-
iiaaie e?eieiaeueiiai aeiiica e neeoeii aeiaa?ytho oiio, /oi
aiai?yo iiuoiua i?anooiieee e iioaiieee…

Iie ee/iua enneaaeiaaiey oai?aoe/aneie aacu nia?aiaiiuo
e?eieiaeueiuo aeiiioeca?ia i?eaaee iaiy e iiieiaieth oiai, /oi
aieaa 60% anao aeiiii?anooieaiee niaa?oathony ia iaeiecaano-
iii ianiaoeeaeenoai oaiiiaia aicieeathuae o aea?oau ?aci?aai-
iinoe iuoeaiey n iineaaeothuei ianooieaieai e?aoein?i/iiai
eciaiaiiiai ninoiyiey niciaiey ni niyoeai oeceieiae/aneeo ia-
oaieciia e?eoeee. Aua aeaaeaiee E. I. Iaaeia, enneaaeoy oecei-
eiae/aneea iaoaieciu aiooaiey, ooaa?aeaeae, /oi . Enneaaeoy ?ieue /aeiaa/aneiai neiaa, E. I. Iaaeia ienae:

.

Aua a ia/aea aaea aaieaeueiue A. I. Aaooa?aa ienae, /oi aio-
oaiea, eae i?aaeei, aoiaeeo a niciaiea /aeiaaea ia n , ieioy – niinia-
iinoue e?eoe/anee iuneeoue, aiaeece?iaaoue e aa?eoeoee?iaaoue.
A. I. Aaooa?aa ienae: .

Oi aea naiia aua a 1928 a. ooaa?aeaeae e auaeathueeny ?onneee
aeiiieia TH. A. Eaiiaaeo, ienaaoee, /oi i ianoiyuai aiooaiee
iiaeii aiai?eoue eeoue a oii neo/aa, eiaaea inouanoaeaiea aai i?e
iau/iuo oneiaeyo ano?aoeei au nii?ioeaeaiea, aoaeo/e iiaeaa?a-
iooi e?eoeea, a oi a?aiy eae i?e ?aaeecaoeee aiooaiey iii , aeaaiaea?y oiio /oi a ineoioeceieiae/aneii
aiia?aoa /aeiaaea ianooieea caaea?aeea anao i?ioeaiiieiaeiuo
oaiaeaioeee. .

E?eieiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u ciatho, /oi oeceieiae/aneay nou-
iinoue oaeinoaaiiiai aeey iaiinayuaiiuo iaoaiecia iaio?aceiiai
aiooaiiiai aicaeaenoaey iniiaaia ia auno?ii e eaaeii ia?aoiaea
ei?eiauo eeaoie a oi?iiciia ninoiyiea. Ionthaea aeaaiue nae?ao
e?eieiaeueiiai aeiiica – iniiaiie ineoioeceieiae/aneee iaoa-
ieci iaio?aceiiai aiooaiey anoue ?aci?aaiiinoue ii?iaeueiie, ai-
eaa eee iaiaa iauaaeeiaiiie ?aaiou anae ei?u, eiaaea a ?acoeueoaoa
i?anooiiiai i?ioanneiiaeueiiai aiooaiey i?ienoiaeeo naeeaaiea
oiiona ei?u aieueoeo iieooa?ee aieiaiiai iicaa e iaio?aceii au-
no?i, eaaei e aaoiiaoe/anee aicieeaao ooieoeeiiaeueiay ia?aii-
ineoe/aneay ?aciauaiiinoue anae ei?eiaie aeayoaeueiinoe, /oi on-
oaiiaee aua a 1957 a. aaeeeee ?onneee aeiiieia E, E. Ieaoiiia.

I nae?aoa iaio?aceiiai aiooathuaai aicaeaenoaey ia /aeiaa-
ea E. I. Iaaeia ienae: .

Oi/o caiaoeoue, /oi neiai e?eieiaeueiiai aeiiioeca?a iiaeao
ieacuaaoue aiaeiae/iia auoaoiiiyiooiio iaio?aceiia aicaeae-
noaea ia ineoioeceieiaeth aea?oau aeaaea oiaaea, eiaaea iii aiiaua
ia i?ieciineony, eae yoi auaaao i?e naiiaiooaiee eee a neo/a-
yo iiin?aaeiaaiiiai aiooaiey.

I?e aiaeeca yaeaiee e?eieiaeueiiai aeiiioe/aneiai aicaeae-
noaey neaaeoao anaaaea iiiieoue, /oi ia?aay neaiaeueiay nenoaia /a-
eiaaea iaoiaeeony a ia?ac?uaiie nayce e ia?ac?uaiii acaeiiaeae-
noaee ni aoi?ie neaiaeueiie nenoaiie, eaaeauae a iniiaa ?a/e e
iuoeaiey, /oi ia?aie neaiaeueiie nenoaiu a /enoii aeaea o eth-
aeae ia nouanoaoao.

Aaeeeee ?onneee aeiiioeca? A. I. Nayaeiu a 1964 a. ienae,
/oi aicaeaenoaea aeiiioe/aneei aiooaieai iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue
eae iaoiae iaio?aceiiai aicaeaenoaey eioi?iaoeeae. Aiooaiea o
A. I. Nayaeiuo – yoi aaaaeaiea eioi?iaoeee, i?eieiaaiie /aeiaa-
eii aac e?eoe/aneie ioeaiee e ieacuaathuae aeeyiea ia iae?iine-
oe/aneea i?ioeannu; iii iaaiciiaeii i?e ionoonoaee niuneiaiai ni-
aea?aeaiey aaiaeeiie eioi?iaoeee: .

Enneaaeiaaiey A. I. Nayaeiua e ae?. iieacaee, /oi a iicaa /a-
eiaaea e aeeaioiuo i?ioaeatho i?ioeannu aa?iyoiinoiiai i?iaii-
ce?iaaiey, nii?iaiaeaeathueany i?ioeannaie aa?eoeeaoeee anae ii-
nooiathuae eioi?iaoeee, o. a. i?ienoiaeeo iainiciaaaaiia ii?aaea-
eaiea aa aeinoiaa?iinoe e cia/eiinoe. Aeaaiaea?y yoiio i?aaieci,
ia caa?oaeay niciaiea, ia?aaeaeaaony io iaaaeaeaaoiiai ?aaae?iaa-
iey ia neaiaeu, eioi?ua e iaio ia eiatho ioiioaiey eee ianoo
eiaeioth eee iacia/auoth eioi?iaoeeth. Iiyoiio iniaaiiinoue iai-
o?aceiiai aiooaiey a oii, /oi , oi ai aoi-
?ii neo/aa aeiaaai/ioth eioi?iaoeeth ianao aiein, eioiiaoeey, ie-
ieea, ianoaiiaea e aaoi?eoao aeiiioeca?a. E anee yoie aeiaaai/iie
eioi?iaoeee, eae iieacaee enneaaeiaaiey A. I. Nayaeiua, ia aoaeao
eee ieaaeaony iaaeinoaoi/ii, oi oaiiiai iaio?aceiiai aiooaiey
ia ianooiaao. Ieacaeinue, /ai aieaa oaa?aiiui oiiii aiai?eo aei-
iioeca?, oai aieueoei aa?eoeoee?othuei aeaenoaeai iaeaaeaao aai
?a/ue. Oae, iai?eia?, enneaaeiaaiea yaeaiee eiioi?iecia (o. a. ia-
aycuaaiea yaii eiaeiiai iiaiey, auneacaiiiai a?oiiie eeoe iaeii-
io ec /eaiia yoie a?oiiu) en/acaee, anee oioy au iaeei eee aeaa
/eaia a?oiiu auneacuaaee yoi iiaiea iaoaa?aiiui oiiii.

Eoae, /oiau iiynieoue ia eiie?aoiii i?eia?a aeaenoaea nae-
?aoiie e?eieiaeueiie aeiiioe/aneie ineoioaoieee, eiaaea /aei-
aae aae?oa ia ianeieueei naeoiae eee aeaaea ieioo eae au oa?yao ?a-
coi e i?aa?auaaony a ?iaio-aaoiiao, neaii auiieiythuee eiiai-
aeu e?eieiaeueiiai aeiiioeca?a, oae ia?acoaony e?eieiaeueiue
aeiiioe/aneee ?aiii?o e oi?iiaeaiea ii?iaeueiie aeoeaiinoe e
e?eoe/iinoe, y i?eaaaeo ?anneac iaeiie iioa?iaaoae aeaiueiu,
eioi?ay a iaeiie ec oaeaia?aaea/ ?anneacaea i neo/ea-
oainy n iae ai?anoiii neo/aa e?eieiaeueiiai aeiiica.

A?aaeaeaiea I. auea oiiie, ia?aciaaiiie aeaiueiie eao 45, ii
i?ioannee – ?oeiaiaeeoaeai iaaieueoiai i?aaei?eyoey. Iaeiaaeaeu
I. oea ii ethaeiie oeeoea e aae?oa aia?aaee iaa oaaeoee ii/oe ?y-
aeii ainoi/iiai oeia ioae/eia iaeeiiyaony e i?yii o aa iia iaoi-
aeeo eioaeae n aeaiueaaie. Ioae/eia ?aaeinoii ioe?uaaao eioaeae,
iieacuaaao ae e?oiiua aeaiueae e ni?aoeaaao, ia iia ee o?iieea
aeaiueae. AEaiueia io iaiaeeaeaiiinoe e auno?ioa/iinoe neo/eaoa-
ainy ?acaieiiaaeanue e ioaaoeea, /oi iao, ie/aai iia ia oa?yea.
Oiaaea ioae/eia aua aieueoa ia?aaeiaaeny e noae i?aaeeaaaoue ae ii-
eiaeio ia?iiiie noiiu, iioeae?oy yoi oai, /oi ?ac iie , oi ii, eae /anoiue /aeiaae, aeieaeai eo iiaeaeeoue
iiiieai. Iiea aeaiueia io/eeanue aii?inii, i?eieiaoue ee ae
/anoue iaeaeaiiuo aeaiaa, ioae/eia n?aco aea noioe ae /anoue aeaiaa a
?oee e noae ooiaeeoue. Ii a yoio ieeaioiue iiiaio iaiaeeaeaiii
iiyaeeanue n e?eeii iaiaeeaeaiii eaeay-oi iieiaeay aeaiueia e
noaea a?iiei iaaeiyoue I. e ioae/eio, /oi iie oe?aee aa eioaeae,
/oi iia eo iaieo iieiaea e /oi iie aeieaeiu iaiaaeeaiii ioaeaoue aa
aeaiueae. Io e?eea e anaai i?ienoiaeyuaai, a oaeaea io oiai iieiaea-
iey , a eioi?ii iaiiaaiii e iaiaeeaeaiii ieacaeanue I.,
iia neeueii niooeeanue. A oai a?aiaiai ioae/eia ioaeae
aa eioaeae e naith /anoue aeaiaa, iaeiia?aiaiii noa-
ea au?uaaoue aeaiueae ec ?oe I., a caoai caeacea e iae a no-
ii/eo e caa?aea ioooaea e aeaiueae naiie I. Ioae/eia ana yoe naeoi-
aeu ecaeiyeny e ooaa?aeaeae, /oi ana aeaenoaey i?a-
aeeueiua, oae eae ii n I. ia?aae iae neeueii aeiiaaou, ii eioaeae
iie, iie, ia e?aee, a i?inoi aianoa iaoee e aeaiueae iiaeaeeee. Ioae-
/eia i?iaeieaeae ecaeiyoueny, a , caa?aa
,e .s aeaiueae e ec noii/ee aeaiueae I., ooea e /a?ac ianeieueei na-
[L26JJ eoiae en/acea a ninaaeiai iiaeuacaea. Eiaaea I. iiiyea, /oi aa

iaiaioee e ia?aaeee, auei oaea iicaeii. Ieeiai ?yaeii ia auei, a
iia naia ieeae ia iiaea iiiyoue, ii/aio noiyea ioeaiaiaeay, aio-”
uaiiay e ?anoa?yiiay, /aai n iae ieeiaaea ?aiueoa ia auei. I.
ieeae ia iiaea iiiyoue, eae aa, oiioth aeaiueio n aieueoei aeec-
iaiiui iiuoii, niiaee iaiaiooue e ia?aaeoue yoe aeaia oee/iuo
iioaiieeia.

A ieeeoeee I. ia niiaea aniiiieoue i?eiaou i?anooiieeia,
oae eae ai a?aiy ia?aaeaiey auea a o?aina e ia iiieiaea, /oi i?i-
enoiaeeo, e ie/aai ia iiiieea…

Yoa aea ineoioaoieea ?ac?uaa niciaiey n iiiiuueth yiioeeiiaeue-
iiai oiea n iineaaeothuei oi?iiaeaieai ineoeee e o?ainii i?e-
iaiyaony e a ciaiaieoii iioaiie/aneii o?thea . Ineoioaoieea aeaiiiai
i?anooieaiey caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi aeaa iioaiieea, aeaaooea 15-
16 eao e ioae/eia a oi?ia ieeeoeeiia?a-aaeoieea, iaoiaeyo o ?an-
oi?aia eee ainoeieoeu aiaaoiai ioae/eio-aaoiiiaeeenoa, eioi?ue
eethao ia i?aaeeiaeaiea aeaai/ee ia?aniaoue n iei a ethaie oi?ia ca
e?aeia iaeoth ieaoo. Aiaaoue ona-
aeeaaao aeaaeoeo a naie aaoiiiaeeue, e eiaaea iie o?iaathony, eo aae?oa
inoaiaaeeaaao aeey i?iaa?ee aeieo iaioia.
A yoio iiiaio aeaaeoea aae?oa ia/eiaao e?e/aoue e i?ineoue i iiiiue,
iieacuaay ec noii/ee naia naeaeaoaeuenoai i ?iaeaeaiee, /oi ae anaai
15 eao, a yoio aeyaey aa iaiiee e neeie onaaeee a iaoeio e aacao, /oi-
au ecianeeiaaoue. Oaeie iaiaeeaeaiiue e auno?ue ?acai?io niau-
oee iiaa?aaao aiaaoiai a oie, e ii
ia/eiaao iaoaea/ii ii?aaaeuaaoueny e oaiaa?eaaoue ieeeoeeiia?a e
aeaaeoeo i?eiyoue io iaai aeaiueae e ioionoeoue aai. Aeaaeoea e iieo/atho e?oiioth noiio aeaiaa e ioioneatho iaoaea/iiai aa-
?iy-ethaiaieea, eioi?ue aua ianeieueei ieioo oae e ia iiieiaao,
/oi aea ia naiii aeaea i?iecioei…

Aaeeeee E. I. Iaaeia, a caaeneiinoe io i?aiaeaaeaiey a /a-
eiaaea oie eee eiie neaiaeueiie nenoaiu, auaeaeye o?e /aeiaa/a-
neeo oeia aunoae ia?aiie aeayoaeueiinoe:

1. Ia?aue – ooaeiaeanoaaiiue oei. Eiaao i?aiaeaaeaiea ia?-
aie neaiaeueiie nenoaiu, o. a. aeiieie?iaaiea a ?acoeueoe?othuae
ineoeea aeoeaiinoe i?aaiai iieooa?ey iicaa n aai /oanoaaiii-ia-
?aciie nenoaiie iuoeaiey, ?acaeoie eiooeoeeae, iiae/eiaiiinoueth
aeeciaiiui iio?aaiinoyi (einoeieoai): einoeieoo nio?aiaiey
aeecie, iieiaiio einoeieoo e ae?., a oaeaea aanniciaoaeueiui no?ai-
eaieai e /oanoaaiiui oaeiaieuenoaeyi. Yoi, eae i?aaeei, yiioeei-
iaeueiua ethaee, iuneyuea aeeauie, y?eeie, eiie?aoiuie ia?a-
caie. Neeiiiu e oaioacee. Aiia?aaeaieth. Ia/oaoaeueiu, ia?aaeei
iieoaeueiu, naioeiaioaeueiu. N?aaee oaeeo ethaeae /anoi ano?a/atho-
ny ooaeiaeieee, iocueaiou, a?oenou, neoeueioi?u, a?oeoaeoi?u,
oioia?aou, oaioei?u, iiyou, ienaoaee, iieeoeee, nii?oniaiu, eo-
eeia?u e o. i.

2. Aoi?ie – iuneeoaeueiue oei. Eiaao i?aiaeaaeaiea aoi?ie
neaiaeueiie nenoaiu, o. a. aeiieie?iaaiea a ?acoeueoe?othuae oao-
ieea aeoeaiinoe eaaiai iieooa?ey iicaa n aai ?aoeeiiaeueiui nei-
aanii-eiae/aneei iuoeaieai e neeiiiinoueth e aano?aeoiiio, io-
aea/aiiiio iuoeaieth. Yoi, eae i?aaeei, ethaee, neeiiiua ^.–e
e ?an/aoo, o?acaiio iuoeaieth, eiiaaea /?acia?iiio. Yoe 1 [ 27 E

ethaee /anoi, iyaei aiai?y, iayiioeeiiaeueiu e n?aaee ieo /aua ano?a-
/athony iioaiieee, eiaeaia?u, aooaaeoa?a, yeiiiienou, /eiiaie-
ee, aaeieieno?aoi?u e o. i.

3. O?aoee – n?aaeiee oei. O yoeo ethaeae iaa neaiaeueiua nen-

oaiu ?acaeou iaeeiaeiai e aieaa eee iaiaa aa?iiie/ii. A ineoi-
oeceieiaee iao y?ei au?aaeaiiiai aeiieie?iaaiey iaeiiai ec ii-
I eooa?ee iicaa. A yoii neo/aa aiai?yo i .
f Eiiaaea iaiy ni?aoeaatho eae o/aiiai-aeiiieiaa, ii/aio

eiaiii nae/an ?anoeaaea i?anooiiinoue n eniieueciaaieai i?eaiia
( aiooaiey e aeiiica. Ia yoio aii?in, ia iie acaeyae, oi?ioi ioaa-
‘ , oee caia/aoaeueiue nia?aiaiiue aeiiieia Aeae_E__Nieaae (1996)5
/. Iieuecoynue
oa?ieiieiaeae ineoiaiaeeca e o?ainia?niiaeueiie ineoieiaee,
Ae. E. Nieaae n/eoaao, /oi iniiaiay ianna iuiaoieo a?aaeaeai ?in-
nee iaoiaeeony a oae iacuaaaiuo .

?inneeneee iauanoaaiiue e?ecen ii?iaeee o ianaeaiey ninoi-
yiey no?aoa, o?ono?aoeee, aiaoee, e??aoeeiiaeecia e aacunoiae-
iinoe, /oi aucaaei
e ii?iaeeei ineoioeceieiae/aneea oneiaey aeey ianniauo ineoi-
noaaanoeaiuo i?anooieaiee a naiuo ?aciuo neiyo nia?aiaiiiai
?inneeneiai iauanoaa.

Ae. E. Nieaae (1996) ieoao: – aani?e/eiiue eee ia-
aaeaeaaoiue ?aaeueiie ianoaiiaea no?ao a iianaaeiaaiie aeecie. Aai
oieiaeiia i?eeiniiaaiea ?aaoey?ii eniuouaaao ia iaiaa ainueie-
aeaayoe ec eaaeaeuo aeanyoe ?inneyi>. Yoi aea ooaa?aeaeaao e nioeeieia
O. Y. Oa?aae (1995), ieoouee, /oi a iineaaeiea aiaeu aei 94% ?in-
neyi eniuouaatho /oanoai o?aaiae, e?ecena e eaoano?iou (aeaiiua
Ana?inneeneiai oeaio?a nioeeaeueiiai i?iaiice?iaaiey).

Nioeeieia N. N. Nieie (1994) ieoao, /oi no?aoe ianaeaiey ea-
nathony ii oauaathuae neaaeothueo iianiinoae: ia?anoaiey i?a-
nooiiinoe, ?inoa oeai, ?aniaaea no?aiu, iianiinoe a?aaeaeaineie
aieiu, iaieuaiey, ?inoa aac?aaioeoeu. Ooa?y iaoeeiiaeueiiai no-
aa?aieoaoa ec-ca ianniaie aia?eeaiecaoeee yeiiiieee e eoeueoo-
?u e ae?. Ianniaue no?ao i?iyaeyao naay ia?anoaieai /oanoaa o?a-
aiae, oinee e aacunoiaeiinoe.

Ia aoi?ii ianoa iinea no?aoa oaeoi?ii ii?aaeaiey iuiaoia-
ai ianniaiai ?inneeneiai niciaiey yaeyaony aani?aoeaaeaioiia a ie-
?iaie enoi?ee /oanoai aani?e/eiiie eee neaaiiauynieiie aia-
oee a iianaaeiaaiie aeecie ?inneyi, i?enouaa oanoa?ui ec aeany-
oe (N. Ooii?neay, 1994; A. Eiia?ianeee, 1994; A. I. Eaiaeuaa,
1998). *oanoai ianniaie aiaoee iauyniyaony aeoaieei iaaeiaa?e-
ai ianaeaiey e iieeoeea ?oeiaiaenoaa no?aiu (Ae. E.Nieaae,1996;

A. I. Eaiaeuaa, 1998), e ?aoi?iai Aaeaea?a, *oaaena, *a?iiiu?-
^. >s aeeia e Ee?eaiei, i?eaaaeoei e ieii/aoaeueiiio ?acaaeo e
[L 28 JJ iaaaeo anae ?inneeneie yeiiiieee. Niiiaiea e iaaeiaa?ea

aucuaatho aeaenoaey ?oeiaiaenoaa no?aiu ai aiaoiae iieeoeea –
yoi iinoiyiiua caeinoaiaaiey a aeiea e?oiiuo noii o Caiaaea, yoi
iiaeaea?aeea aia?eeaioeaa a oua?a naaa a aeieaaea THaineaaee, E?a-
ea, Aaei?onnee, E?aia, Eoau e ae?., yoi ioeac io eno?aaiaaiey n
ssiiiee e O?aioeee oea?neiai aeieaa a ?acia?a ieiei 500 000 iee-
eea?aeia aeieea?ia’ (aeinoaoi/ii aeey 50 eao aacaaaeiiai nouanoaiaa-
iey anae no?aiu), yoi aaeaaiaeiue auaic ia Caiaae ii?yaeea 200-
500 ieeeea?aeia aeieea?ia, /oi a 10-20 ?ac i?aauoaao iao iaoeei-
iaeueiue athaeaeao (auaicyony aeaiueae, aeiacu, cieioi, iaooue, aac,
iaoaeeu, ean, einie/aneea oaoiieiaee e o. ae.), yoi i?anooiiue
auaiae iaoeo aiene ec Aa?iaiee e o/anoea ia noi?iia NOA a ea-
oano?ioe/aneii aeey iaoeo caiaaeiuo a?aieoe ?aci?oaeaiee Oe?a-
eiu e Aaei?onnee, yoi no?aiiia ionoaeaaiea no?aoaae/aneeo ei-
oa?ania NOA ii ?anoe?aieth IAOI a oua?a no?aoaae/aneei ei-
oa?anai e aaciianiinoe ?innee, e iiiaia ae?oaia.

Ia?iiiia aeeyiea ia e?eieiaeecaoeeth ianaeaiey eiaao aac-
iaeacaiiay ianniaay ei??oioeey nieco aeiaa?oo ainoaea?noaaiiuo
/eiiaieeia, aaniineiaiue ?ino aeioiaeia iineianeeo aaiee?ia ca
n/ao ?aci?aiey e iaieuaiey ?aaeiiia. Ana yoi ia iiaeao ia neacu-
aaoueny ia ianniaii iaaeaiee aaeiauo ii?aeueiuo onoiaa, ?ac?ooa-
iee nenoaiu ia?aciaaiey e io aacunoiaeiiai aanneeey iaauaaeii
?inoa . Ae. E. Nie-
aae (1996) ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi .
Ionthaea iaaa?ea ianaeaiey a caeiiioth aiciiaeiinoue iaoiaeii auai?ia caiaieoue aei?aaaoeony aei ainoaea?noaai-
iie aeanoe i?anooiieeia, iniaaiii iinea cayaeaiey Iiaaeaanei-
ai eao?aaoa, ienaoaey A. E. Nieaeaieoeuia, ii oeaio?aeueiiio oa-
eaaeaeaieth, /oi ana i?iaaaeaiiua a ?innee auai?u ii eciaiaieth
ainoaea?noaaiiiai no?iy e Eiinoeoooeee i?anooiii noaeueneoeoee-
?iaaiu, i /ai ianaeaiea e naii oi?ioi ciaei, ii ie o eiai ia auei
aiciiaeiinoe i?i?aaoueny a i?iaia?eeaineea n?aaenoaa ian-
niaie aeaceioi?iaoeee. A. E. Nieaeaieoeui aunooiee e n?aco iin-
ea yoiai aue iono?aiai io iineaaeothueo aunooieaiee, iiiaa a ei-
oi?iaoeeiiioth aeieaaeo.

Ae. A.^o?iai (1992), Ae. E. Nieaae (1996) e ae?oaea nia?aiai-
iua o/aiua ioia/atho, /oi a iineaaeiea aiaeu i?iecioea ianniaay
ienoeoeeaoeey e ieeoeueoecaoeey iauanoaaiiiai niciaiey, ainaiue
?inneyi ec aeanyoe ooa?yee ?aiaa i?enouaa ei iao/iia ie?iaic-
c?aie?7N.”Ia?oiiaiei (1995) niiauaao, /oi aaia?ae A. A. ?iaicei
iinoiyiii aioiaeo I?aceaeaioo . Aaia?ae (Ae. E. Nieaae, 1996).

Aua iaeiei naa?oo?aaiaeiui oaeoi?ii iauanoaaiiie ineoiei-
aee yaeyaony ?aceee ?ino ia?aii-ineoe/aneeo caaieaaaiee e naii-
oaeenoa: iai?eia?, eiee/anoai aieueiuo iaa?icaie e ?anno?ienoaa-
ie ee/iinoe o ian au?inei aei 80% (Ae. E. Nieaae, 1996), a /enei
naiioaeenoa i?aauoaao 60 000 /aeiaae a aiae. I?ioanni? iineian-
eiai Noeoeeaeieiae/aneiai oeaio?a A. A. Aia?oiiaa (1995) ^–,
i?iaiice?oao 40-56 noeoeeaeia ia 100 ouny/ ?inneeneiai [(29

ianaeaiey (a oea?neie ?innee auei 3 ia 100 ouny/), o. a. oaeaiaiea
eiee/anoaa naiioaeenoa.

Eoae, iiaeii niaei ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi ?ino /enea i?anooieaiee
n i?eiaiaieai i?ioanneiiaeueiuo ineoioaoiee aiooaiey e aei-
iica ia neo/aai, a eiaao na?ueaciua iauanoaaiii-nioeeaeueiua e ine-
oioeceieiae/aneea iauyniaiey a ianniaii eciaiaiiii iaua-
noaaiiii niciaiee, aucaaiiii na?ueaciui e?ecenii nia?aiaiiiai
?inneeneiai iauanoaa. Aieaa oiai, aaeaaiaeiia ia?anoaiea anyeiai
?iaea oeaio?aeueiuo e ?aaeiiaeueiuo ecae?aoaeueiuo eaiiaiee can-
oaaeo eae aunoaa, oae e ianoiia ?oeiaiaenoai no?aiu oneeeoue i?e-
iaiaiea naa?onia?aiaiiuo ecae?aoaeueiuo ineoioaoiieiaee, ei-
oi?ua ia ana 100% iniiaaiu ia e?eieiaeueiii aeiiica, oi anoue ia
i?anooiiii ei?unoiii ianniaii aicaeaenoaee ia aanniciaoaeueioth
noa?o /aeiaa/aneie ineoeee n i?eiaiaieai ioe?uoiai e ne?uoi-
ai i?anooiiiai caaiaaaiey aieinia ecae?aoaeae ethaie oeaiie (eae
yoi iieacaee iineaaeiea ?inneeneea auai?u, iieiinoueth e?eieia-
eece?iaaiiua).

Aeey oiai /oiau e?eieiaeueiue aeiiioeca? iia i?aaeeueii e
aacioeai/ii auno?aeaaoue ?acee/iua noeaia?ee iaiaia ethaeae, aio
iaiaoiaeeii oioy au ia naiii yeaiaioa?iii o?iaia oiaoue i?iaii-
ce?iaaoue ana noaiaea?oiua aa?eaiou eo ?aaeoeee e iiaaaeai/aneeo
noa?aioeiia.

A nia?aiaiiie NE-iaoea iaeeaeaaiua ?aaeoeee e iiaaaeaiea
aieueoeinoaa iau/iuo ethaeae n/eoathony i?aaeii?aaeaeaiiuie eo
ineoioeceieiaeae e ianeaaenoaaiiinoueth ia 90% e eeoue ia 10% –
aiaoiae n?aaeie e ianoiyoaeuenoaaie. Yoi icia/aao, /oi eeth/ ei
anai ?aaeoeeyi, iinooieai e iiaaaeaieth ethaeae eaaeeo aioo?e /a-
eiaaea, a ia a ianoiyoaeuenoaao, eioi?ua aai ie?oaeatho. Oi anoue
aiaoiea ianoiyoaeuenoaa noaeueau /aeiaaea yaeythony, ii naiae aeo-
aeiiie nooe, eeoue i?iecaiaeiuie e aoi?e/iuie ii ioiioaieth e
aioo?aiiae i?e?iaea /aeiaaea, aaea e eaaeao a iniiaiii oaea aioi-
aua ?aaeoeee e iiaaaeaiea aeaiiiai /aeiaaea, niiniaiua
e aueoe ia?oaeo a ii?aaeaeaiiuo neooaoeeyo, i?e/ai /ai ieaea
o?iaaiue eioaeeaeoa aeaiiiai /aeiaaea, oai aanniciaoaeueiaa aioo-
?aiiyy i?e?iaea aeaiiiai /aeiaaea , i?iyaeyao naay
eaeeie-oi ?aaeoeeyie, neiaaie, iinooieaie, iiaaaeaieai e, ia-
eiiaoe, noaeueaie.

Eae niciaoaeueiay, oae e aanniciaoaeueiay aeeciue /aeiaaea i?i-
. yaeythony a aeiaaiii iiaaaeaiee e aeayoaeueiinoe, a ii/ueth – a ii/-
iii nia. Anee ianneaiue, ii/iie nii iieiinoueth ii?aaeaeyaony aan-
niciaoaeueiie /anoueth ineoioeceieiaee /aeiaaea, oi aeiaaiay aeoea-
iay /anoue aeecie ii?aaeaeyaony aanniciaoaeueiie, iiaeniciaoaeueiie
, e niciaoaeueiie /anoyie /aeiaa/aneie ineoioeceieiaee.

Iau/iia niciaiea /aeiaaea (INN) anoue ?acoeueoao iaeiia?aiai-
iie ?aaiou neiaanii-eiae/aneiai eaaiai iicaa (iiaeniciaiey) e
/oanoaaiii-ia?aciiai i?aaiai iicaa (aanniciaoaeueiiai). Ii nicia-
iea /aeiaaea a oa/aiea nooie iiaeao iaoiaeeoueny a neaaeothueo ?a-
aeeiao ?aaiou: ?aaeeia ii/iiai nia (n aai auno?ie e iaaeeaiiie
oacaie, o. a. ni niiaeaeaieyie e aac), ?aaeeia iau/iiai ?acoeueoe-
?othuaai ninoiyiey niciaiey (INN), ?aaeeia eciaiaiiiai ninoiy-
/J–“S iey niciaiey (ENN). A naith i/a?aaeue eciaiaiiua ninoiyiey
II Ju JJ niciaiey aeaeyony ia: 1)i?iniii/iua (ia?aae canuiaieai e

i?e i?iaoaeaeaiee); 2) o?ainiaua eaaiiicaiaua (n ?aceei aeiieie-
?iaaieai aeoeaiinoe eaaiai neiaanii-eiae/aneiai iieooa?ey
iicaa); 3) o?ainiaua i?aaiiicaiaua (n ?aceei aeiieie?iaaieai ae-
oeaiinoe i?aaiai /oanoaaiii-ia?aciiai iieooa?ey iicaa e oi?-
iiaeaieai, aei aueeth/aiey, aeoeaiinoe eaaiai iicaa); 4) o?aini-
aua n ?anoe?aiiui niciaieai (?aceie aeoeaecaoeeae iaieo iieo-
oa?ee e aeoaeiiuo no?oeoo? iicaa n aieaaui eiio?ieai ?aiaa
i?iecaieueii iaoi?aaeyaiuo ooieoeee); 5) o?ainiaua iaoieiae/a-
neea anoanoaaiiua e eneonnoaaiiua ninoiyiey (eciaiaiiua ninoi-
yiey, aucaaiiua aieaciueth, io?aaeaieai, aeeiaieai, ia?eioeeii,
ineoio?iiiui i?aia?aoii e o. ae.).

Eoae, ?aaeoeee e iiaaaeaiea ethaiai /aeiaaea neaaeoao i?iaii-
ce?iaaoue a iniiaiii ii ninoiyieth ineoioeceieiaee, a eioi?ii
ii iaoiaeeony.

A iau/iii ninoiyiee niciaiey (INN) ethaiio /aeiaaeo i?e-
noua niiniaiinoue iniuneaiiiai ?annoaei/iiai iiaaaeaiey. Eae ie-
oao E. I. A?eiae (1987), *yoi cia/eo, /oi aai iinooiee, ninoaa-
eythuea oa?aeoa? iiaaaeaiey, ii?aaeaeythony iniciaiiui eioae-
eaeooaeueiui “aunaa/eaaieai” nouanoaothueo iaaeaeo iauaeoaie
?aaeueiinoe naycae e ioiioaiee>. Iiyoiio a INN ia ?aaeoeee e
iiaaaeaiea /aeiaaea ieacuaatho aeeyiea eae eioaeeaeo e ineoi-
eiae/aneea onoaiiaee eaaiai iicaa, oae e /oanoaa e aeeaioiua ei-
noeieou i?aaiai iicaa (einoeieo nio?aiaiey aeecie, iieiaie
einoeieo, einoeieo aieiaea, aeaaeaeu, aeeeeua, oa??eoi?ee e ae?.).

A INN aieueoeinoai iinooieia e iniaaiiinoae iiaaaeaiey /a-
eiaaea ii?aaeaeythony aai i?eau/iuie aaoiiaoe/aneeie aeaenoae-
yie (i?eau/eaie). I?eau/ee – yoi
(E. I. A?eiae, 1987).

Oaeei ia?acii, e?eieiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u aeaeatho ii/oe ia-
o/iue auaiae i oii, /oi ?aaeoeeyie e iiaaaeaieai aieueoeinoaa eth-
aeae a INN oi?aaeytho eo i?eau/ee, iiyoiio e?eieiaeueiua aei-
iioeca?u noa?athony ii aiciiaeiinoe eae iiaeii aieueoa i?aaeaa-
?eoaeueii iiiaaethaeaoue ca naiae aoaeouae aea?oaie, /oiau eae
iiaeii aieueoa ociaoue i aa i?eau/eao, i?eau/iii iiaaaeaiee e
i?eau/iii ia?aca aeecie. ?aniieaaay eioi?iaoeeae i i?eau/eao
aea?oau, e?eieiaeueiue aeiiioeca? iieo/aao iiuiia i?oaeea e
eino?oiaio aeey oniaoiiai i?iaiice?iaaiey aoaeouaai iiaaaeaiey
aeaiiie aea?oau a oie neooaoeee e a oii iaiaiiii e?eieiaeueiii
noeaia?ee, eioi?ue ii auno?aeaaao, ie?oaeay naith aea?oao ?acii-
ai ?iaea eneonnoaaiii ei nicaeaiiuie ianoiyoaeuenoaaie. AEa?oaa
aeaenoaoao a yoeo eneonii nicaeaiiuo ianoiyoaeuenoaao i?eau/iui
aeey naay ia?acii, e eiaiii ia yoi e ?ann/eoaii a i?anooi- ^–^s
iii noeaia?ee. II 3^ JJ

I?aeoeee e?aaiia?ooaiee, iai?eia? eaa?oe?iuo e?aae, ii-
eacuaaao, /oi, eae i?aaeei, ca aea?oaie i?aaeaa?eoaeueii iaaeth-
aeatho, ociatho aa i?eau/iue ia?ac aeecie, ?iae caiyoee, ianoii?a-
auaaiea e o. ae. e oieueei iioii niaa?oatho e?aaeo: iai?eia?, e o. ae.

A iaeioi?uo i?anooieaieyo e?eieiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u nia-
oeeaeueii oi?ie?otho o naieo aoaeoueo aea?oa niaoeeaeueiua i?eau/-
ee, a iioii, i?e niaa?oaiee i?anooieaiey, eiaiii ia aeaenoaee
yoie i?eau/ee e no?iyo noeaia?ee i?anooieaiey. Iai?eia?, iae-
aieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiui i?anooieaieai oaeiai ?iaea yaeythony i?a-
nooieaiey n ia?eioeeaie eee ia naenoaeueiie ii/aa, eiaaea aoaeo-
uoth aea?oao aia/aea i?eo/atho e i?eau/ea, a caoai aeaeatho n iae
/oi oioyo eee aeiaeaathony io iaa oiai, /oi ioaeii i?anooiieeai.
Iiyoiio anai a?aaeaeaiai neaaeoao ciaoue, /oi /aeiaae a cia/eoaeue-
iie noaiaie nai i?aaeii?aaeaeyao naith noaeueao, oae eae ?aaeecoao naia
iianaaeiaaiia iiaaaeaiea /a?ac oi?ioea eee aeo?iua i?eau/ee, au-
cuaathuea e niioaaonoaothuea iineaaenoaey, e niioaaonoaothuoth
noaeueao, e niioaaonoaothuee aeeciaiiue oeiae. Iiyoiio eaaeaeiio
ec ian auei au iieacii na?ueacii iiaeoiaoue i naieo i?eau/eao e i
oii, eoaea iie ian aaaeoo…

Iiiaia a iiaaaeaiee nia?aiaiiiai /aeiaaea a OGC ii?aaeaey-
aony e oaie aeeciaiiuie oeaeyie e i?iaeaiaie, eioi?ua ii a aeai-
iue iiiaio ?aoaao. O/eouaay yoo caeiiiia?iinoue a iiaaaeaiee e
?aaeoeee ethaeae, e?eieiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u noa?athony iaaycaoue
naiei aoaeouei aea?oaai eneonnoaaiiua eiaeiua aeeciaiiua oeaee
e caaea/e, /oiau caoai eniieueciaaoue yoi a naieo i?anooiiuo ca-
iuneao e i?anooiiuo aeaenoaeyo.

A INN aieueoeinoaii oae iacuaaaiuo i?eieoeaiuo eee ethaeae ?oeiaiaeyo eo iau/iua i?aaiiicaiaua oeceieiae-
/aneea iieoaeeaioiua iio?aaiinoe – /oanoai aaciianiinoe (ei-
noeieo nio?aiaiey aeecie), /oanoai iieiaiai aea/aiey (iieiaie
einoeieo), /oanoai aieiaea, aeaaeaeu e o. ae., iiyoiio e iiaaaeai/a-
neeie oeaeyie oaeeo ethaeae yaeyaony iiene n?aaenoa e niiniaia oaeia-
eaoai?aiey naieo auoaia?a/eneaiiuo iieoaeeaioiuo oeceiei-
ae/aneeo iio?aaiinoae. Oae aicieeaao iauanoai, a eioi?ii aeaa-
iie oeaeueth i?iaicaeaoaaony oaeiaeaoai?aiea iio?aaiinoae, o. a.
aicieeaao iauanoai , aaea any ?aaeueiinoue i?aaenoaa-
eyaony ?uieii anyeiai ?iaea oneoa, iai?aaeaiiuo ia oaeiaeaoai-
?aiea yoeo naiuo i?eieoeaiuo iieoaeeaioiuo a iniiaiii oece-
ieiae/aneeo iio?aaiinoae – naen, aeoniay aaea e ieouea, aaciian-
iinoue e i?aaa e o. ae. Oae, iai?eia?, ecaanoiue
aia?eeaineee o/aiue-yeiiiieno TH. Noyeee nicaeae aia?eeai-
neoth oi?ioeo n/anouey:

n/anouea

nianoaaiiia eiouanoai
aeaeaiey

Ec yoie oi?ioeu aeaeii, eae Caiaae i?aaenoaaeyao naaa n/anouea:

/ai aieueoa /eneeoaeue ae?iae (o. a. aieueoa nianoaaiiia eiouanoai)
^–e e /ai iaiueoa ciaiaiaoaeue (o. a. iaiueoa aeaeaiee), oai
[132JJ aieueoa ae?iaue, o. a. oai aieueoa n/anouea. Eiuie neiaaie,

caiaaeiia n/anouea aeinoeaaaony oiiiaeaieai nianoaaiiiai eioua-
noaa e ia?aie/aieai aeaeaaiuo iio?aaiinoae.

?onneay eoeueoo?a ioaa?aaao yoo caiaaeioth iiaeaeue oeeaeeeca-
oeee n aa i?eieoeaiui aaueciii (/eneeoaeue) e aua aieaa i?eie-
oeaiui aneaoeciii (ciaiaiaoaeue). Iiyoiio e?eieiaeueiui aei-
iioeca?ai oniaoii e eaaei ?aaioaaony ia Caiaaea n aai i?eieoea-
iui ?uii/iui iaioaeeoaoii e i/aiue o?oaeii ?aaioaoue o ian a
no?aia e a no?aiao Ainoiea, aaea aeooiaiinoue e ?acoi aunooiatho in-
iiaiuie aeaeaeeoaeyie /aeiaa/aneiai iiaaaeaiey, ca iaeioi?ui
eneeth/aieai.

Eoae, i?iaiaeece?iaaa ae?aooea caeiiu /aeiaa/aneiai iiaaaea-
iey a iau/iuo ninoiyieyo niciaiey, ei?ioei ?anniio?ei, io /aai
caaeneo /aeiaa/aneia iiaaaeaiea a eciaiaiiuo ninoiyieyo nicia-
iey, a eioi?uo ethaie /aeiaae iaoiaeeony cia/eoaeueii aieueooth
/anoue naiae aaeaaeiaaiie aeecie. Oi/aony ioiaoeoue, /oi nouanoaoth-
uay iuia eaeaiaoea , eioi?ie ioeoeeaeueii caieia-
thony aaniethoiia aieueoeinoai caeioa?aniaaiiuo enneaaeiaaoaeae
a ioeoeeaeueiuo e caaaaeaieyo, ieeaeiai io-
iioaiey e ?aaeueiie iao/iie ineoioeceieiaee ia eiaao, oae eae
iino?iaia nia?aiaiiay ioeoeeaeueiay ineoieiaey ia iieiii eaii-
?e?iaaiee ono?ienoaa e caeiiia ?aaiou /aeiaa/aneiai iicaa e /a-
eiaa/aneie ineoioeceieiaee. Aea e oiio aea eco/atho
oieueei iaeio ouny/ioth, eee oiai iaiueoa, nooi/iiai iiaaaeaiey /a-
eiaaea, o. a. eco/atho oieueei oi, /oi naycaii n iau/iuie ninoiyie-
yie niciaiey, a a ?aaeueiie aeecie eaaeaeue /aeiaae aieaa 99% no-
oi/iiai a?aiaie iaoiaeeony ia a INN, a a iaiaa eee aieaa eciaiai-
iuo ninoiyieyo niciaiey, eioi?ua a ioeoeeaeueiie
niaa?oaiii ia eco/athony, a /anoe/ii eco/athony eeoue a iaaeeoeei-
neeo iao/iuo e o/aaiuo caaaaeaieyo, iniaaiii a ineoeao?ee, ine-
oiiaa?ieiaee, iae?ioeceieiaee e ae?. E?aeia iai?eyoii aeaeaoue ni-
a?aiaiiuo auioneieeia oaeoeueoaoia ineoieiaee, eioi?ua niaa?-
oaiii ia ?acae?athony a i?aaeiaoa naiae i?ioannee e a iniiaiii
yaeythony oa?eaoaiaie, iaeaiuie eaeeioaie eee aiiaua ineoe-
/anee aieueiuie ethaeueie, eioi?uo naeaeaee oaeiauie iaoe , eioi?uo e aeecei iaeuecy iiaeioneaoue e i?a-
iiaeaaaieth a neeo aiiethuae i?ioanneiiaeueiie aaca?aiioiinoe e
oa?eaoainoao. Eo aeeeaoaioneee iienaoaeueiue e noaoenoe/aneee
iiaeoiae e oaiiiaio /aeiaaea ia oieueei aeoaiei aioeiao/ai, a aiia-
ua i?anooiai e iianai aeey ie?oaeathueo. Yoi aeaaiaea?y ioeoeeaeue-
iui ?aeiiaiaeaoeeyi yoeo eaeao/aiuo aio oaea aieaa noa eao iaoe
i?aaeoaee e iaoa eioaeeeaaioeey ioi?aaiu io nia-
noaaiiiai ia?iaea e eae ia iiieiaee aai, oae e ia iiieiatho, no?ao-
ii e eaoano?ioe/anee

A aio e?eieiaeueiua /aeiaaeiaaaeu, oi anoue aeaaea naiua ?yaei-
aua i?anooiieee, a ioee/ea io auoaoeacaiiuo eaeao/aiuo- , oaea aeaaii ?acia?aeenue a ineoeea e iiaaaeaiee ethaeae e
oaea^ouny/e eao eae ciatho e iiieiatho, /oi ethaie /aeiaae a aani-
ethoiii aieueoeinoaa naiaai a?aiaie iaoiaeeony a eciaiaiiuo ine-
oioeceieiae/aneeo ninoiyieyo (ENN), iiyoiio e eco/atho i?a-
nooiieee ia , a NE-iaoeo.

A NE-iaoea iauaecaanoii, /oi a caaeneiinoe io aeiieie- e–>\
?iaaiey a ENN aeoeaiinoe eaaiai eee i?aaiai iicaa /aeiaae I L 33 JJ

2 Cae..?821

iiaeniciaoaeueii eee aanniciaoaeueii iuneeo e iniciaao ana i?ien-
oiaeyuaa ai aiaoiae eee aioo?aiiae ?aaeueiinoe ii iaeiie ec o?ao
iniiaiuo aioo?aiieo ineoioeceieiae/aneeo nenoai:

1. A iniiaiii aini?eieiaao ?aaeueiinoue /a?ac neiaa e iuneeo
aneoo eee i?i na&y a iniiaiii neiaaie (eaaiiicaiaia neiaanii-
eiae/aneia iuoeaiea).

2. A iniiaiii aini?eieiaao ?aaeueiinoue /a?ac aecoaeueiua ia-
?acu, ie?aoeaay eo iieiaeeoaeueiuie eee io?eoeaoaeueiuie yii-
oeeyie, e iuneeo ia?acaie, ea?oeiaie e /oanoaii oaeiaieuenoaey
eee iaoaeiaieuenoaey (i?aaiiicaiaia /oanoaaiii-ia?aciia eee ye-
aeaoe/aneia iuoeaiea).

3. A iniiaiii aini?eieiaao ?aaeueiinoue /oanoaaie, ii?aaeaeyth-
ueie ec eioi?uo yaeythony eeianoaoe/aneea iuouaiey.

E?eieiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u iacaaee yoe o?e iniiaiua ine-
oioeceieiae/aneea nenoaiu acaeiiaeaenoaey /aeiaaea e ?aaeueii-
noe ?ai?acaioaoeaiuie nenoaiaie. Eae i?aaeei, eaaeaeue /aei-
aae eae a INN, oae e a INN iiciaao e ia?aaeeaaao ?aaeueiinoue eee
/a?ac naie i?aaiu /oanoa (c?aiea, neoo, eeianoacen, iaiiyiea e
aeon) a INN, eee /a?ac ?aiii?o noaaanoi?a eee aeiiioeca?a (aai
aiein, eioiiaoeeth, aeanou e o. ae.) a INN.

Iniiaiua ?ai?acaioaoeaiua nenoaiu ooieoeeiie?otho iai?a-
?uaii, ii , oi iu ia?auaai aieiaiea ia ia ana aai yeaiaiou, a i?aae-
ii/eoaai oieone?iaaoueny ia oie aai nenoaia (eee nenoaiao), eioi?ay
aeinoaaeyao eioi?iaoeeth, iaeaieaa niioaaonoaothuoth oiio iiuoo,
/oi o ian eiaaony> (I. Ecaiaecthe, 1995). Oaeei ia?acii, eaaeaeue /a-
eiaae eiaao iaeio ec o?ao iniiaiuo ?ai?acaioaoeaiuo nenoai a ea-
/anoaa aaaeouae e eiaiii aa ii /aua anaai, iiaeniciaoaeueii eee aan-
niciaoaeueii, eniieuecoao i?e naiai acaeiiaeaenoaee n ?aaeueiinoueth.

Eaaeaeue /aeiaae eiaao, a ioee/ea io aeeaioiuo, aieaa-iaiaa
?acaeoua neaiaeueiua nenoaiu, iiyoiio eaaeaeue /aeiaae iiaeao
i?aaenoaaeyoue naie iiuo e o?aieoue aai a oaniie nayce n ii?aaeaeai-
iui naini?iui eaiaeii.

E?eieiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u a ia/aeueiuo noaaeeyo iauaiey,
eiaaea aua ia noi?ie?iaaeny ?aiii?o (o.a. oi?aaeythuay naycue), noa-
?athony iauaoueny n aoaeouae aea?oaie , o. a. onoaiaaee-
aatho e ?acaeaatho eiioaeo n yoei /aeiaaeii ia ycuea aai iniiaiie
?ai?acaioaoeaiie nenoaiu, onoaiiaeoue eioi?oth iiaeii ii neiaai
aeaiiiai /aeiaaea, eiaaea ii i?ieciineo neiaa, iaicia/athuea aioo-
?aiiea i?ioeannu (aeaaieu, ia?a/ey e i?eeaaaoaeueiua), iai?eia?:

1. Aecoaeueiue eaiae: aeaeaoue, niio?aoue, aeyaeaoue, /a?oeoue, ?e-
niaaoue, naaoeue, y?eee, yniue, niooiue, i?a/iue, aniuoea, ica-
?aiea, naao, ooneeue, aeaaeiue, i?ic?a/iue e ae?.

2. Aoaeeaeueiue eaiae: neuoaoue, cao/aoue, oeoee, a?iieee,
ooiiue, iaeiaee/iue, caiieee, iaeooeoaeueiue, aecaeauee, ia-
neuoiue e ae?.

3. Eeianoaoe/aneee eaiae: /oanoaiaaoue, iuouaoue, o?iaaoue, aea?-
aeaoue, a?aoue, noaaoeoue, oa?youe, iauoiaoue, i?eo?iiooueny, i?eein-
iooueny, oaieue, oieiaeiue, nooie, aeaaeiue, iyaeee, aeanoeee,
^–\\ aeaaeeee, eieth/ee, oaeiaiue, iaoaeiaiue, oyaeaeue, eaaeee,
iLMJJ ionoioa, caaeaoinoue, aeaaeaiea, ?anie?aiea e ae?.

4. Eaiae caiaoa, aeona: ithoaoue, aaeuoaoue, a?iiaoiue, eeneue,
neaaeeee, ai?ueeee, i?aniue, aacaeoniue, aeoniue e ae?.

Eoae, eniieuecoy aaaeouee naini?iue eaiae, i?eau/ee e noa-
?aioeiu iiaaaeaiey, nenoaio aeeciaiiuo oeaiiinoae e oeaeae naiae
aoaeouae aea?oau, e?eieiaeueiue aeiiioeca? onoaiaaeeaaao eii-
oaeo ni naiae aoaeouae aea?oaie, a caoai ?acaeaaao yoio eiioaeo a
oi?aaeythuee ?aiii?o, aeiaeaaynue eae iiaeii aieaa aeoaieiai
o?aina, a neaaeiaaoaeueii, e aieaa yooaeoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey iaae ii-
iaaoei a aeiiioe/aneoth eiaooeo /aeiaaeii.

E?eieiaeueiay noaoenoeea aieueoeinoaa nia?aiaiiuo no?ai
iieacuaaao, /oi iaeaieaa /anoi e?eieiaeueiue aeiiic i?eiaiy-
aony a oao aeaeao i?anooieaiee, eioi?ua a Oaieiaiuo eiaeaenao eaa-
eeoeoee?othony eae .

Aeey eo/oaai iiieiaiey iniia e?eieiaeueiie ineoieiaee iu
aia/aea /ooue iiae?iaiaa inoaiiaeiny ia i?e?iaea oaiiiaiia iioai-
ie/anoaa a oeeoaaeaee nia?aiaiiiai eaieoaeecia – a Iiaii Ec?a-
eea, eee eae iie naie naay iioaiie/anee iacuaatho – NOA, ia
iniiaaiee iaoa?eaeia e ioaeeeaoeee aaaeoueo aia?eeaineeo nia-
oeeaeenoia O. Aeuea?aooa, Ae. Aaioea, O. Oeeueyina e ae?.

Aia?eeaineea niaoeeaeenou n/eoatho, /oi nouanoaoao aeaa nii-
niaa iacaeiiii /oi-eeai ioia?aoue o ae?oaeo: eee i?enoaaeoue e eo
aeneo ienoieao e auioaeeoue ioaeaoue , eee auiaieoue ia-
iaiii. Ia?aue niinia ai anao aai iiiai/eneaiiuo ?aciiaeaeiia>
oyo iu iacuaaai ?acaiai, eee a?aaaaeii, a aoi?ie – iioaiie/a-
noaii. Ianiio?y ia oi /oi ia?aaeaiey a ii?aaeaeaiiii niunea ai*
eaa aeanoiee, /ai iioaiie/anoai, e i?eaeaeatho e naaa iaiiiai
aieueoa aieiaiey n?aaenoa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee, oua?a io aeae-
noaee iioaiieeia cia/eoaeueii i?aauoaao iineaaenoaey a?aaaaeae.

Noaoenoe/aneea aeaiiua i ?ani?ino?aiaiiinoe oaeiai yaeaiey,
eae iioaiie/anoai, iieo/eoue aeiaieueii o?oaeii. Oaeoth noaoenoe-
eo aaaeoo ?acee/iua oaaea?aeueiua neoaeau, iai?eia? Oaaea?aeue-
iia ath?i ?anneaaeiaaiee (OA?), ioaeaeueiua o/aiua, oe?iu e eii-
iaiee, iino?aaeaaoea io iioaiie/anoaa, a oaeaea no?aoiaua eii-
iaiee, aiciauathuea io iaai oauoee. Aeinoiaa?iinoue eioi?iaoeee
ec anao yoeo /aou?ao enoi/ieeia aeiaieueii niiieoaeueia. Aieueoei-
noai ec 25 oaaea?aeueiuo neoaea, niae?athueo noaoenoeeo i iioai-
ie/anoaa, eiatho aeaei eeoue n iaeioi?uie aai aniaeoaie, oaeeie,
iai?eia?, eae ?ano?aou a aaieao eee aeoeueie/anoai a iaaeeoeei-
neeo o/?aaeaeaieyo. Noaoenoe/aneea aeaiiua iao/iuo o/?aaeaeaiee
e ioaeaeueiuo oe?i no?aaeatho io oiai, /oi yoe i?aaiecaoeee ia aea-
eatho aeaeeoueny iiaeiaiui iiuoii ni noi?iiieie
niaoeeaeenoaie, a eiiaaea ia?aie/eaatho aeinooi e yoie eioi?ia-
oeee aeaaea naiei th?enoai. Noaoenoe/aneea aeaiiua no?aoiauo eii-
iaiee ia iiaoo n/eoaoueny iieiuie, iineieueeo yoe oe?iu no?a-
ootho eeoue iaaieueoie i?ioeaio aea?oa iioaiie/anoaa, oae /oi eo
aeaiiua ia iiaoo aeaaaoue iieiie ea?oeiu. Ooaea anaai oi, /oi iaec-
aanoii ?aaeueiia i?ioeaioiia niioiioaiea iaia?oaeaiiuo neo/aaa
iioaiie/anoaa, noaaoeo aeinoiyieai iauanoaaiiinoe e/eee aei-
aaaeaiiuo aei noaea.

E aeaenoaeoaeueii, iiiaea neo/ae ceioiio?aaeaiee inoathony ia-
iaia?oaeaiiuie, a ia?iiiia /enei auyaeaiiuo ?ac?aoaaony ^–e
aioo?e iino?aaeaaoeo i?aaiecaoeee, ia auiiny ni?a ec ecau. [1^ JJ

Iao?oaeii, iaeiaei, ociaoue, /oi iioaiie/anoai noaiiaeony ana
aieaa na?ueaciie i?iaeaiie; Ii/oe a eaaeaeie aacaoa eee aeo?iaea,
iinayuaiiii aeciano, iiaeii i?i/anoue i oii eee eiii neo/aa ii-
oaiie/anoaa. A iineaaeiai iiia?a aeo?iaea USA Today, iai?eia?,
auei iiiauaii o?e noaouee i iioaiie/anoaao.

A ia?aie ec ieo ?a/ue oea ia iaeiie ec eiiiaiee, iauaaeeiya-
oae auno?i?anoouoth naoue aano?iiiiia, eioi?ay iaaeiyeanue a oii,
/oi oai i?iaeaaaeenue i?eaioiaeaiiua ec enii?/aiiie naeieiu ni-
nenee, i?iooooea oeuieyoa ia?aae oaniaeie iieeaaeenue ino?ui ni-
onii, a auniooay noa?ay ?uaa ia?aae i?iaeaaeae niaoeeaeueii ioaa-
eeaaeanue. E?iia anaai i?i/aai, yoa naoue aano?iiiiia iaaeiyeanue
oaeaea a oe?ieii eniieueciaaiee aeaoneiai o?oaea – ia iaa iinoo-
ieei a iauae neiaeiinoe aieaa 1400 aeaeia i ?acee/iuo ia?ooa-
ieyo, aeeth/ay aeiione iiae?inoeia e ?aaioa ia yeaeo?iiyni?oaeao
e ae?oaii iianiii iai?oaeiaaiee.

Ai aoi?ie noaouea iienuaaeanue iiiuoea iaeiiai ecae?aoaey ioi-
caaoue aoaa?iaoi?a ooaoa ia iniiaaiee oiai, /oi oio aue . Ecae?aoaeue iaeanee ?acoeueoaou iyoe i?iaa?ie aeayoaeueiin-
oe yoiai aoaa?iaoi?a – eae oaaea?aeueiuo, oae e ia o?iaia ooaoa,
aeeth/ay i?iaa?eo Iaeiaiaiai oi?aaeaiey NOA ia i?aaeiao oe-
eiiaiey io oieaou iaeiaia e ei??oioeee.

O?aoee i?eia?, iaeaieaa ia/aeueiue ec anao, iinayuai ?an-
neaaeiaaieth iiaaaeu a /aiieiiaoa aeaoneie eiiaiaeu ii aia?eeai-
neiio oooaieo. Eae niiauaaony, ana 14 ea?ieia yoie eiiaiaeu auee
cayaeaiu iacaeiiii, yaeyeenue naiaai ?iaea e ea-
?aee iiae /oaeeie eiaiaie ia iniiaaiee iiaeaeaeaiiuo aeieoiai-
oia i ?iaeaeaiee. Yoa eiiaiaea iinea iaia?oaeaiey oaeueneoeeaoeee
auea eeoaia /aiieiineiai oeooea.

Ana o?e auoai?eaaaeaiiuo neo/ay aeeth/atho a naay yeaiaio
iaiaia. A ia?aii neo/aa aano?iiii i?aaeiaia?aiii iaiaiuaaao ii–
eoiaoaeae, i?iaeaaay ei enii?/aiiia iyni, a oaaea?aeueiua i?aa-
iu, caieiathueany io?aiie aeaoneiai o?oaea, cae?uaatho aeaca ia
iaaeicaieaiiue o?oae iiae?inoeia e iiaeaa?aatho aeaoae aeiiieieoaeue-
iiio ?eneo. Ai aoi?ii neo/aa aoaa?iaoi? iaaeiyaony a nie?uoee
naieo aeioiaeia e iaiaia iaeiaiauo i?aaiia iooai iaaeiieaou ia-
eiaia, a oaeaea a oii, /oi ii aa?ao acyoee ca eaaaeecaoeeth aca?o-
iuo ea?. A o?aoueai neo/aa ?oeiaiaeeoaee aeaoneie oooaieueiie ei-
iaiaeu eniieueciaaee iaiai aeey cayaee ea?ieia, ia eiaaoeo i?a-
aa o/anoaiaaoue a ni?aaiiaaieyo.

Iaeiie ec naiuo ecaanoiuo aoa? anao a?aiai auei aeoeueie/a-
noai n eiaanoeoeeyie *a?eueca Aueyiee (ecaanoiiai oaeaea iiae eia-
iai Ea?ei Iiioee), eioi?ue iaaeeaaeny ia oii, /oi iaauae aui-
ea/eaaoue naiei eiaanoi?ai iaiau/ii aunieea i?ioeaiou. A aai
neo/aa eioa?aniu auee aeaa aaue: ai-ia?auo, ii ie ?aco ia i?iec-
aae iaauaiiuo eaieoaeiaeiaeaiee, a ai-aoi?uo, ii ia naiii aeaea
auiea/eaae iaauaiiue aeioiae – ii e?aeiae ia?a aia/aea. Aeey
i?eaeaiey naiaio aeoeueie/anoao aeaeeiinoe caeiiiinoe e aeey ia-
iaia aeiaa?eaoeony aio ethaeae Ea?ei Iiioee iaeioi?ia a?aiy aue
auioaeaeai yoio iaauaiiue aeioiae auiea/eaaoue. Ii aai noaia, anee
iaeoi aeeaaeuaae 1000 aeieea?ia, oi iau/ii a eiioea aiaea Iiioee
a.,–k\ auiea/eaae yoiio eiaanoi?o 300 aeieea?ia. Iineieueeo yoe
[I M JJ 300 aeieea?ia a?aeenue ec ia/aeueiuo 1000, a aeaea inoaaa-

einue oieueei 700 aeieea?ia, ii eiaanoi? aa?ee, /oi ii aeaenoaeoaeue-
ii iieo/ee a ?acia?a 30% aiaeiauo. Aanue ae?iaea io aic-
aoaeaeaiey, eeeaio auno?i iane?aaae iiaieueoa aeaiaa, niiauay anai
naiei ae?ocueyi e ninaaeyi i naiai /?acau/aeii auaiaeiii aeiaea-
iee eaieoaea. A ?acoeueoaoa iiaeiaiie auno?i i?iaaaeaiiie aoa?u
Ea?ei Iiioee iieiaeee a ea?iai ieiei 20 ieeeeiiia aeieea?ia.

Noaia aeaenoaee Iiioee i/aiue iio/eoaeueia aeey iiieiaiey na-
iie nooe iioaiie/anoaa. Eiia/ii, ninoaaiie aai /anoueth yaeyaony
iaiai. Nthaea oaeaea aoiaeeo aeaaeiinoue – eae aeaaeiinoue naiiai aeo-
eeea, oae e aeaaeiinoue eiaanoi?ia, no?aiyueony iieo/eoue iaiau/-
ii aunieee aeioiae. E iaeiiaoe, noaia Iiioee aeeth/aao a naay yeaiaio
aeiaa?ey. Anee au ii ia auieaoee ia?aua 300 aeieea?ia, oi eiaanoi-
?u ia i?eianee au aio ia aethaea/ea aua aieueoa aeaiaa. Auieaoea
ia?aua , Iiioee oai naiui caneoaeee aeiaa?ea naieo eiaa-
noi?ia e oaaaeee eo, /oi oniaoii caieiaaony caeiiiui aecianii.

Aeiaa?ea – iaeei ec aeaaiuo iiiaioia a ethaii aeoeueie/anoaa,
iaiaia e iioaiie/anoaa. Oae eae naii yoi neiai i?ienoiaeeo io nei-
aa , oi iaeuecy ieeiai iaiaiooue aei oao ii?, iiea iaiaiooue
ia aoaeao aa?eoue, aeiaa?youe aeoeeeo. Ioaeuey ia iiaee au iaiaiuaaoue
naieo aeai, anee au oa ei ia aa?eee e ia aeiaa?yee, e iaiai?io, aeaiu
ia niiaee au iaiaiuaaoue ioaeae, anee au oa ia aeiaa?yee ei.

Aac aeiaa?ey iioaiie/anoai iaaiciiaeii. Iaeei ec aaoi?ia aeai-
iie eieae iinoiyiii eiinoeueoe?oaony n aaieaie ii aii?inai i?i-
oeeaeoeee iioaiie/anoaa. Iiiaaethaeaa ca oai, eae aaiee iiia-
aeathony ia aoa?u ni noi?iiu naiaai ia?niiaea e eeeaioia, ii ii-
aeao i?eaanoe neaaeothuee i?eia? oiai, eae eniieuecoaony i?e yoii
yeaiaio aeiaa?ey.

I?aaeiieiaeei, a aaie aoiaeyo aeaia ioae/ei. Iaeei ec ieo –
a aeaeiaii einothia, ooiaeaiiue. Aoi?ie – n ?ano?aiaiiuie ai-
einaie, n oaooe?iaeie ia iaaeo ?oeao, a iiiioaiiuo aeaeeinao,
iiae iuoeie o iaai iioioeeeeaoiue oeai. Eoi ec ieo aieaa ii-
oiae ia iioaiieea?

Ioaao ia yoio aii?in – eiia/ii, ia?aue, a aeaeiaii einothia.
Ii iiaeao niaa?oeoue iioaiie/anoai iioiio, /oi aaieianeea neo-
aeauea aoaeoo aio aeiaa?youe. Aoi?ie aea eeeaio ia iiaeao niaa?oeoue
iioaiie/anoai oaea iioiio, /oi ia?niiae aaiea, nei?aa anaai, aio
aeiaa?youe ia aoaeao. Ii iiaeao ia?aaeoue aaie, ii ia niaa?oeoue ii-
oaiie/anoai .

Iaeiei ec iaeaieaa oeie/iuo ioaaoia aea?oa ?acee/iuo aoa-
?enoia auei oi, /oi iie ia iiaee iiaa?eoue, /oi yoio /aeiaae –
aeoeee. I/aiue /anoi iu neuoaee ia/oi a?iaea: .

Eiia/ii, oae iii e auei, oae eae oio, eiio au ia aeiaa?yaoa,
i?inoi ia iiaeao niaa?oeoue iioaiie/anoai. Oaeou naeaeaoaeuenoao-
tho i oii, /oi aeoeeee – yoi eae ?ac oa, eiai au aoaeaoa iiaeic?a-
aaoue a iineaaeithth i/a?aaeue.

A iaeiii ec enneaaeiaaiee iioaiie/anoaa eae yaeaiey iiea-
caii, /oi iaeaieueooth a?oiio aeoeeeia ninoaaeytho ethaee io 36 aei
45 eao. Oioy noaoenoe/aneea aeaiiua e ia iauyniytho, ii/aio i?a-
aaee?oao eiaiii yoa aic?anoiay a?oiia, iaeiie ec i?e/ei ^–.s
aeaiiiai oaeoa iiaeao auoue oi, /oi yoi aic?ano aieueoeinoaa [I.3′ JJ

iaiaaeaea?ia n?aaeiaai caaia, eioi?ua oaea aeiaeeenue ii?aaeaeaiii-
ai o?iaiy aeiaa?ey e naaa.

Iioaiie/anoai, aeeth/athuaa a naay iaiai, iiaeao i?eieiaoue
?acee/iua oi?iu. Iu /anoi iiae?acaeaeyai neo/ae iioaiie/anoaa
ia oanoue oeiia. Ia?aue ec ieo – yoi ?ano?aoa eee oeuaiea aa
noi?iiu iaaiiiai ?aaioieea. A yoii neo/aa iaaiiua ?aaioieee
iaiaiuaatho naieo iaieiaoaeae, i?enaaeaay naaa eiouanoai eee
n?aaenoaa oe?iu. ?ano?aou e oeuaiey ni noi?iiu iaaiiuo ?aaio-
ieeia iiaoo niaa?oaoueny eae iaiin?aaenoaaiii eie naieie, oae e
iiin?aaeiaaiii, n iiiiuueth e i?e o/anoee ae?oaeo eeoe. A ia?aii
neo/aa iu eiaai a aeaeo oa oeuaiey, eiaaea ?aaioiee ai?oao ec
eannu iaee/iinoue, iioeuaao n?aaenoaa aaciaee/iui ia?acii eee
i?inoi oaueo n ?aaiou ana, /oi aio i?eaeyiaony. Yoi oaeaea ioii-
neony e e oai neo/ayi, eiaaea nio?oaeiee o/?aaeaeaao iiaenoaaioth
oe?io e a ea/anoaa aa ?oeiaiaeeoaey iieo/aao aeaiueae ca iaaeinoaa-
eaiiua oiaa?u eee iai?aaeinoaaeaiiua oneoae. I?e oaeii aeaea
iioaiie/anoaa n?aaenoaa iino?aaeaaoae oe?iu ia?aoiaeyo e ii-
oaiieeo aac niciaoaeueiiai o/anoey o?aoueae noi?iiu.

Ia iiin?aaeiaaiiii aea iioaiie/anoaa iu aiai?ei oiaaea, eia-
aea ?aaioieee aa?oo acyoee e iiaeiioaiey io iieoiaoaeae, eeeai-
oia e ae?oaeo eeoe, ia ?aaioathueo a aeaiiie oe?ia, ca naie oneoae ii
caieaeaieth i?iaeaaeiuo e caauoaieth iieoiiuo oeai, ca iaiinoaa-
ee oiaa?ia eee iinoaaee iaaeia?iea/anoaaiiuo. I?e yoii ieaoaaee
aeoeeeai inouanoaeythony i?aaiecaoeeyie, eiathueie aeaei n oi-
cyeiii aeaiiiai ?aaioieea, a ia ec n?aaenoa naiiai yoiai oicyeia.

Aoi?ie oei iioaiie/anoaa – yoi iioaiie/anoai ni noi?iiu
?oeiaiaeeoaeae eee iaiaaeaea?ia. Oaeia iioaiie/anoai ioee/aaony
io ae?oaeo oeiia eae iieiaeaieai aeoeeeia, oae e niiniaaie iaia-
ia. A naiai iaeaieaa iauai aeaea iioaiie/anoai ni noi?iiu iaiaae-
aea?ia yaeyaony iaiaiii, niaa?oaaiui ?oeiaiaeeoaeyie aeaiiie
oe?iu aunoaai e n?aaeiaai caaia iooai iaieioeyoeee n oeiaini-
aie io/aoiinoueth. A iineaaeiea aiaeu oe?ieoth ecaanoiinoue iieo/e-
ee oaeea neo/ae iioaiie/anoaa ni noi?iiu iaiaaeaea?ia, eae aoa?a
a , aaea, eae i?aaeiieaaaaony, aeaa ?o-
eiaiaeeoaey caauoaee iaeioi?ua iieacaoaee oeiainiaie io/aoii-
noe, a oaeaea aoa?u oe?i* ZZZZ Best>, , e , aaea eneaaeaeenue aeai-
iua i aeioiaeiinoe e aeaaeoi?neeo caaeieaeaiiinoyo aeaiiuo oe?i. Ai
anao yoeo neo/ayo ?oeiaiaenoai oeacaiiuo eiiiaiee no?aieeinue e
oiio, /oiau aea?aeaoaee aeoeee aa?eee, /oi oeiainiaia iieiaeaiea
yoeo eiiiaiee ai?acaei eo/oa, /ai iii auei ia naiii aeaea.

Oanii naycai n iioaiie/anoaii ni noi?iiu iaiaaeaea?ia oaeie
oei iioaiie/anoaa, eae aoa?u n eiaanoeoeeyie. A yoii neo/aa
eiaanoi?ai i?aaeeaaaaony naeaeaoue eiaanoeoeee, eioi?ua, eae iea-
cuaaaony aiineaaenoaee, ia naiii aeaea eeiiaua, ia eiathuea, eae
i?aaeei, ieeaeie noieiinoe. A yoo eaoaai?eth iau/ii iiiaaeaao
oae iacuaaaiue oaeaia?eaoeia, i?aaenoaaeythuee niaie i?aaeei-
aeaiea e ae?oaeo aiciiaeiinoae aeiaeaiey nai-
aiaeiiai eaieoaea. aoa? n eiaanoeoeeyie iau/ii n/eoa-
aony Ea?ei Iiioee, ii, oau, o iaai ieacaeinue aeiaieueii iiiai ii-
I–^ neaaeiaaoaeae, e yoa oi?ia iaiaia naaiaeiy /?acau/aeii
^38JJ ?ani?ino?aiaia.

*aoaa?oui oeiii iioaiie/anoaa yaeyaony iioaiie/anoai ni
noi?iiu iinoaaueeia. A iineaaeiea aiaeu ec-ca aieueoiai eiee/a-
noaa aoa? n aiaiiuie e ae?oaeie i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuie caeacaie
oaeia iioaiie/anoai /anoi inaauaeinue a i?anna. Iioaiie/anoai
ni noi?iiu iinoaaueeia, oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiaiiia a Niaaeeiai-
iuo Ooaoao, ano?a/aaony a aeaoo naieo iniiaiuo ?aciiaeaeiinoyo:

ai-ia?auo, a aeaea aeaenoaee oieueei naieo yoeo iinoaaueeia e, ai-
aoi?uo, a aeaea niaianoiuo aeaenoaee eae iinoaaueeia, oae e i?aae-
noaaeoaeae caeac/eea. Iioaiie/anoai ni noi?iiu iinoaaueeia
/anoi i?iyaeyaony a caauoaiee eiee/anoaa iinoaaeyaiuo ecaea-
eee, iinoaaea a?aeiaaiiuo oiaa?ia eee iaiinoaaea oiaa?ia aiia-
ua, oioy ieaoaaee ca ieo auee iieo/aiu.

Iyoue oei iioaiie/anoaa – yoi iioaiie/anoai ni noi?iiu
caeac/eea eee eeeaioa. Iii iau/ii aeeth/aao a naay iaieaoaaee
ca iinoaaeaiiue oiaa?, iieo/aiea ieaou ca iai?iaeaeaiioth ?aai-
oo iee iaiai ?acee/iuo oe?i iooai iinoaaee ei niaa?oaiii ia-
ioaeiuo aauae. Oae, iai?eia?, a iaeii iaaeaaiaa noaaioiaa oo?i
eeeaioea i?eoea a aaie e oaaaeeea ia/aeueieea ioaeaea auienaoue
ae /ae ia 525 000 aeieea?ia – ianiio?y ia oi /oi o iaa ia n/aoa
auei anaai 13 000. Yoio iaiaaeaea? aeoiae, /oi eeeaioea ioiineony
e eaoaai?ee i/aiue aiaaouo, e ia oioae i?iionoeoue aiciiaeiinoue
iio/anoaiaaoue a aa naeaeea. Oau, eeeaioea ioiineeanue e eaoaai?ee
ai?ia , iiaenoaaeaoae aaie aieaa /ai ia
iieieeeeiia aeieea?ia. A ae?oaii neo/aa oanoa?i ee/iinoae, ia-
oiaeynue a aei?iaii iiia?a ainoeieoeu a oeaio?a *eeaai, iooai o?ao
caiieia a oaiai?eee aai neoaeaueo ia?aaanoe i?e-
ia?ii 70 ieeeeiiia aeieea?ia ia eo n/ao a ae?oaii aaiea.

Oanoui oeiii iioaiie/anoaa yaeyaony iaiai, ia iiaeiaaeath-
uee ie iiae iaeei ec i?aaeuaeoueo oeiia e iiaouee inouanoaeyoue-^
ny n oeaeueth iieo/aiey ia oieueei oeiainiaie i?eauee. Oaeie oei
iaiaia i?inoi iaicia/aaony eae iioaiie/anoai niaoaiiiai oeia.
I?eia?aie aai iiaoo neoaeeoue oaeueneoeeaoeey naeaeaoaeuenoa i
?iaeaeaiee ea?ieia oaea ecaanoiie iai aeaoneie oooaieueiie eiiai-
aeu, aeaaiaea?y /aio eiiaiaea niiaea oniaoii aunooieoue a /aiie-
iiaoa, a oaeaea oaeueneoeeaoeey ioiaoie i?e iinooieaiee a ?ac-
ee/iua o/aaiua caaaaeaiey.

Iioaiie/anoai iiaeao niaa?oeoue ethaie. Aiaeec ?ano?ao ni
noi?iiu iaaiiuo ?aaioieeia iieacae, /oi ii naiei nioeeaeueiui
e ineoieiae/aneei ea/anoaai oaeie iioaiiee ie/ai ia ioee/a-
aony io ae?oaeo nio?oaeieeia. Aieueoeinoai ?ano?ao/eeia auaey-
aeyo oi/ii oae aea, eae e eo naiua /anoiua eieeaae.

A oa/aiea ianeieueeeo eao iaeiei ec aaoi?ia aeaiiie eieae aia-
noa n eieeaaaie i?iaiaeeeinue enneaaeiaaiea, eioi?ia aeieacuaaao
aieueoia noiaenoai n ethaeue-
ie, ia niaa?oeaoeie ieeaeeo i?anooieaiee. A yoii yiie?e/a-
neii enneaaeiaaiee nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneea oa?aeoa?enoeee
iioaiieeia n?aaieaaeenue n oaeeie aea oa?aeoa?enoeeaie 1) cae-
eth/aiiuo, inoaeaeaiiuo ca ae?oaea aeaeu i?anooieaiee i?ioea nia-
noaaiiinoe, e 2) oa?aeoa?enoeeaie ethaeae ec eiio?ieueiie auai?-
ee, ninoiyaoae ec ianoaeeiuo nooaeaioia. Nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae-
/aneea oa?aeoa?enoeee i?aaenoaaeoaeae eaaeaeie ec yoeo ^–^
o?ao a?oii auee i?in/eoaiu ia eiiiuethoa?a, e ?acoeueoaou |1aea JJ

iieacaee, /oi caeeth/aiiua – i?aaenoaaeoaee oinoaaiiiai o?oaea ii
naiei ea/anoaai cia/eoaeueii ioee/athony io ae?oaeo caeeth/aiiuo.
Ii n?aaiaieth n ae?oaeie i?anooiieeaie iie ?aaea auaaee canoea-
ioou ia ianoa i?anooieaiey, iiaeaa?aaeenue a?anoai, i?ioea ieo
?aaea auaeaeaaeenue iaaeiaiey, e iie ?aaea iiiaaeaee a oth?ueio, i?e-
/ai e n?iee eo caeeth/aiey auee ai?acaei iaiaa aeeeoaeueueuie. E?i-
ia oiai, yoe caeeth/aiiua auee cia/eoaeueii noa?oa, /aai e iiaeii
auei iaeeaeaoue, oae eae i?iaeoueny ia oi?aaeai/aneea eee ae?oaea
aeieaeiinoe, naycaiiua n ii?aaeaeaiiui aeiaa?eai ni noi?iiu ?oei-
aiaenoaa, o?aaoao a?aiaie. Oiaaea eae oieueei 2% io anao eeoe, niaa?-
oeaoeo iieooaiey ia /oaeoth nianoaaiiinoue, yaeyeenue aeaiueia-
ie, n?aaee i?anooiieeia- aeaiuei auei 30%.
Iioiaea, /oi eiaaony oaiaeaioeey e e aieaa noaaeeueiiio naiaeiiio
iieiaeaieth oaeeo i?anooiieeia: iie ?aaea auaatho naycaiueanoi?o-
aeaneeie ocaie e ?aaea ?acaiaeyony, o ieo auaaao aieueoa aeaoae, iie
/aua iinauatho oea?eiaue e yaeythony aeoeaiuie i?eoiaeaiaie.

Ii n?aaiaieth n ae?oaeie caeeth/aiiuie, iaoe auee eo/oa ia?aciaaiu, aieaa ?aeeaeiciu, eiaee ca ni-
aie ai?acaei iaiueoee i?anooieaiee, aiiaua auee iaiaa
neeiiiu e niaa?oaieth i?aaiia?ooaiee, iaiueoa oiio?aaeyee
nie?oiiai e iaiiiai iaiueoa – ia?eioeeia.

Iie oaeaea ioee/aeenue ai?acaei aieueoae ineoieiae/aneie on-
oie/eainoueth, aieueoei iioeieciii, naiiioeaieie, iie auee aieue-
oa oaeiaeaoai?aiu niaie e ianoaiiaeie a naiuea, /ai ae?oaea i?a-
nooiieee, eioi?ua, eae ieacaeinue, iaoiaeeeenue a aieueoae aeai?an-
nee, ioee/aeenue iiieaeaiiie iioeaaoeeae. I?anooiieee-, eae iieacuaatho aeaiiua ianeaaeiaaiey, ioee/athony
aieueoei nioeeaeueiui eiioi?ieciii, naiieiio?ieai, aeia?ioie
e iocua/eainoueth, /ai ae?oaea caeeth/aiiua, o eioi?uo aieaa ca-
iaoiu iceiaeaiiinoue, eiioeueneaiinoue, a?aaeaeaaiinoue e iai?yaeai-
iinoue ii ioiioaieth e ae?oaei.

I?e n?aaiaiee n eiio?ieueiie auai?eie ec ianoaeeiuo noo-
aeaioia iaoe iioaiieee i?iaeaiiino?e?iaaee i/aiue iaaieueoea
ioee/ey. Caeeth/aiiua- aieueoa no?aaeaee
ineoe/anee, auee iaiaa /anoiuie, ii aieaa iacaaeneiuie,
aniueue/eauie, eiaee aieueooth naenoaeueiinoue. Oai ia iaiaa i?a-
nooiieee- ii naiei nioeeaeueiui e ineoiei-
ae/aneei oa?aeoa?enoeeai ai?acaei aeeaea e ianoaeeiui nooaeai-
oai, /ai e ae?oaei i?anooiieeai.

Ciaoue nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneea oa?aeoa?enoeee i?anooiie-
eia n?aaee eeoe oinoaaiiiai o?oaea aaaeii aua e iioiio, /oi iie ia-
iin?aaenoaaiii eanathony oao, eoi caieiaaony iiaeai?ii ia?niiaea,
iieneii caeac/eeia e iinoaaueeia. Oaeia ciaiea iiiiaeao naeaeaoue
neaaeothuea auaiaeu: ai-ia?auo, eaaeaeue iaaiiue ?aaioiee, eeeaio,
iinoaauee e ia?oia? ii aeciano iiaeiaaeaao iiae ii?o?ao iioaioeeaeue-
iiai iioaiieea e n aieueoie aa?iyoiinoueth iiaeao ieacaoueny aoa?e-
noii, e, ai-aoi?uo, iaaiciiaeii i?aaeneacaoue, eoi ec nio?oaeieeia ia-
?anooieo a?aiue e noaiao ceioiio?aaeyoue neoaeaaiui iieiaeaieai.

Ianiio?y ia oi /oi ociaoue i noaiaie ?ani?ino?aiaiiinoe ii-
oaiie/anoaa e i oii, ai /oi iii iaoiaeeony iauanoao, aeiaieueii
^–e o?oaeii, ana-oaee iaeioi?ua noaoenoe/aneea aeaiiua ioii-
[L_40_l| neoaeueii io?aneaaiai ?ac?aca iioaiie/anoaa ca iineaaeiea

aiaeu noaee aeinooiiu. Aiaeec iineaaeieo iaoa?eaeia ii aii?inai
iioaiie/anoaa aeaao neaaeothuoth ea?oeio.

1. Oi?aiaay iaeaoa NOA niiauaao, /oi iioa?e ec-ca ?ano?ao
iaaiiuo ?aaioieeia ninoaaeytho io 20 aei 40 ieeeea?aeia aeieea-
?ia aaeaaiaeii. Yoe oeeo?u noaayo iauaiu oeuaiee ni noi?iiu ia-
aiiuo ?aaioieeia aia?aaee e?aae ni aceiiii, iioeuaiee aaoiii-
aeeae, a?aaaaeae e iau/iuo e?aae aianoa acyouo. Iiaeiaiay ioeai-
ea eeoue iaiiiai i?aauoaao ioeaieo oua?aa io oeuaiee ni

noi?iiu iaaiiuo ?aaioieeia, naeaeaiioth ii eeiee i?aaiia aioo-
?aiieo aeae e ninoaaeythuoth io 15 aei 25 ieeeea?aeia aaeaaiaeii.

2. OA? e ae?oaea oaaea?aeueiua neoaeau ioeaieee iauee aaeaaiae-
iue oua?a aeey NOA ec-ca iioaiie/anoaa ia noiio io 60 aei 200
ieeeea?aeia aeieea?ia.

3. Iioa?e, naycaiiua n oaeaoiiiuie iioaiie/anoaaie a
1991 a., ia ?uiea NOA ioeaieaathony a 10 ieeeea?aeia aeieea?ia.

4. Enneaaeiaaiea, i?iaaaeaiiia a 1991 a., iieacaei, /oi a ?a-
coeueoaoa iioaiie/anoa 13% io anao i?iaeaae ii e?aaeeoiui ea?-
oi/eai i?eaiaeeee e oauoeai. A 1991 a. eiiiaiey
iiianea io iioaiie/anoaa oua?a ia noiio aieaa 300 ieeeeiiia
aeieea?ia, /oi ia 42% aieueoa, /ai ca i?aaeuaeouee aiae.

5. A ?acoeueoaoa aiaeeca iineaaenoaee i?aaeinoaaeaiey iaau-
iea/aiiuo nnoae e iioa?ue naa?aaeaiee auei iaia?oaeaii, /oi a 60%
anao o/eouaaaiuo i?aaeoaeuenoaii nnoae e aeaiiceoia eiaeenue yea-
iaiou iioaiie/anoaa.

6. Oaaea?aeueiay oi?aiaay eiienney (FTC) e Aia?eeaineay an-
nioeeaoeey eiiiaiee ii no?aoiaaieth ia neo/ae aieacie (HIAA) ioea-
ieaatho eiee/anoai iioaiie/aneeo n/aoia ia oneoae a iaeanoe cae?a-
aiio?aiaiey a 10%. A 1989 a. a aeaiaaeiii au?aaeaiee yoi ninoaae-
ei 60 ieeeea?aeia aeieea?ia, a 1990 a. – ieiei 67 ieeeea?aeia, a e
eiioeo 90-o aa. iioaiie/anoai a yoie iaeanoe iiaeao iaieoenue aieaa
/ai a 160 ieeeea?aeia. Ii ae?oaei ioeaieai, iioaiie/anoai iiaei-
uaao aei 75 ieeeea?aeia aeieea?ia ec anao cao?ao NOA ia cae?aaiio-
?aiaiea. A oie aea noaouea ooaa?aeaeaaony, /oi
n/eoaao aei 20% io anao iacia/aaiuo iaaeeoeeineeo i?ioeaaeo? niaa?-
oaiii iaiaycaoaeueiuie, i?e/ai eo iauay noieiinoue ioeaieaaaony
a 132 ieeeea?aea aeieea?ia a aiae1. Ecaanoiu, iai?eia?, oaeea oae-
ou, /oi 3% ec anao a?a/ae iinoiyiii niaa?oatho iaaieueoea iaia-
iu eeeaioia2. Ieienoa?noai cae?aaiio?aiaiey NOA i?iaaei nia-
oeeaeueiia enneaaeiaaiea e iaia?oaeeei, /oi 20% oe?o?aia ooaoa
Iaineeueaaiey caauoaee naie n/aoa oaaea?aeueiiio i?aaeoaeuenoao,
iiea/eaaaiua niaeanii i?ia?aiiai e 3.

7. A ia?eiae n 1987 ii 1991 aa. a Aaeeeia?eoaiee iauai iioai-
ie/anoaa oaaee/eeny aieaa /ai a aeaa ?aca – yoe oeeo?u iniiaaiu
oieueei ia oao neo/ayo, ii eioi?ui auei i?aaeuyaeaii iaaeiaiea4.

‘Janice Castro. . – Time, Nov. 25, 1991, p. 34-41.

2 Elisabeth Rosenthal. . – The New York Times, July 5, 1990, p. Al.

3 Gilbert M. Gaul. . – Journal of Commerce and Commercial,

Oct. 24, 1991, A9.

4 Robert Chambers. . – The Times. July 9, 1992. 11 4!

8. O?eaeoeaoue i?ioeaioia anao neo/aaa e?aoa aecianiaiia auc-
aaiu i?anooieaieyie ni noi?iiu . 80% anao
i?anooieaiee i?ioea i?aaei?eieiaoaeae ninoaaeytho aeaenoaey, ia-
i?aaeaiiua i?ioea iaeiai aeciana’. I?aaenoaaeoaeue einiaeoeee ii-
/oiaiai aaaeiinoaa NOA ec Aaoeiaoiia cayaee, /oi 2.

9. Iao/iua enneaaeiaaiey canaeaeaoaeuenoaiaaee, /oi eaaeaeua
o?ia ec aeanyoe ?aaioieeia euoo aiciiaeiinoe /oi-eeai oe?anoue,
ae?oaea o?ia ec aeanyoe oe?aaeoo, eae oieueei i?aaenoaaeony oaeay aic-
iiaeiinoue, e eeoue /aoaa?i ec aeanyoe inoaioony /anoiuie i?e eth-
auo ianoiyoaeuenoaao3.

10. Ioeoeeaeueiua i?aaenoaaeoaee cayaeytho, /oi eiee/anoai
neo/aaa iioaiie/anoaa oaaee/eaaaony ai anao noa?ao aeayoaeueii-
noe. Ieo Ia?aee iacaae 1991 a. a yoii ioiioaiee ?aei?aeiui, e
iaeeaeaeinue, /oi 1992 a. aai aua aieaa i?aacieaeao4. A ia?eiae n 1980
ii 1989 a. a NOA eiee/anoai a?anoia a nayce n iioaiie/anoaii oaa-
ee/eeinue ia 20,8%, i?e/ai ioae/eiu niaa?oeee 54,3% anao au-
yaeaiiuo i?anooieaiee, oiaaea eae aeaiueiu -45,7%. A 1989 a.
n?aaee a?anoiaaiiuo ec-ca iioaiie/anoaa i?aaenoaaeoaee aaeie
?anu ninoaaeee 66,7%, aia?eeaineea iaa?u – 32,6%, a ia ana in-
oaeueiua yoie/aneea a?oiiu i?eoeinue eeoue 0,7%5.

11. Eaaeaeue aiae a NOA i?ienoiaeeo 200 ieeeeiiia iaaacei-
iuo e?aae, i?e eioi?uo iioeuaaony oiaa?ia ia 11,6 ieeeea?aea aeie-
ea?ia. A ?an/aoa ia eaaeaeoth aia?eeaineoth naiueth n?aaeiyy noi-
eiinoue iiaeiaiie e?aaee ninoaaeyao i?eia?ii 150 aeieea?ia a aiae.
E?iia oiai /oi naia yoa noiia aeinoaoi/ii aaeeea, iaiaeeaeaiii aa-
eeei e eiee/anoai ethaeae, caieiathueony iaaaceiiuie e?aaeaie.
I?eia?ii 60% anao aia?eeaioeaa eiaaea-oi a naiae aeecie /oi-eeai
noaueee ec iaaaceia. Aieueoeinoai iiaeiaiuo ai?eoae yaeythony
ii?iaeueiuie ethaeueie, a ia caei?aiaeuie i?anooiieeaie; n?aae-
iyy noieiinoue eaaeaeie iaaaceiiie e?aaee ninoaaeyao 58 aeieea?ia6.

12. A 1990 a., ii eioi?iaoeee Iaeiaiaiai oi?aaeaiey NOA,
iaeiaiieaoaeueueee caieaoeee oaaea?aeueiiio i?aaeoaeuenoao a ea-
/anoaa iaeiaia eeoue /aou?a ec eaaeaeuo iyoe iiaeeaaeaueo oieaoa
aeieea?ia. Yoa iaaeiieaoa iaeiaia ninoaaeea aeey eaciu iaaeieieo a
?acia?a i?eia?ii 100 ieeeea?aeia aeieea?ia. Anee nthaea aeiaaaeoue
iaauiea/aiiua aciinu a oiiaeu no?aoiaaiey ii aac?aaioeoea e aei-

‘ Richard Andrews. . – Vermont
Business Magazine, July 1990.

2 Brent Browers. . – The Wall Street Journal, Jan.14, 1992, p. B2.

3 Aeaiiua Aeaeiia Euethey (John Kula), aee?aeoi?a eiinaeoeiaiaie oe?iu
ii aii?inai iioaiie/anoaa e aaciianiinoe eiioea?ia . Oeeo. ii: Jerry Thomas. . –
Chicago Tribune, June 10, 1991, p. Bl.

4 . – Chicago
Tribune, Business Section, p. 8.

“Kathleen Maguireand Timothy J. Flanagan (eds.). Source book of Criminal
Justice Statistics, 1990, US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Sta-

tistics, Washington, DC, 1990.

A/~~O] ” Cox, Dena. . – Journal of
l^4′ JJ Consumer Research, 1990, vol. 17, ? 2, p. 149.

oiaeu io iaeaaaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe, oi yoa iaaeieiea ninoaaeo ai-
eaa 200 ieeeea?aeia. Naiuie ceinoiuie iaieaoaeueueeaie ya-
eythony oece/aneea eeoea e aaeeiiee/iua aeaaeaeueoeu – ia yoe aeaa
eaoaai?ee i?eoiaeeony 75% anae aaeaaiaeiie iaaeiieaou iaeiaia1.
A 1991 a. Iaeiaiaia oi?aaeaiea NOA ?ane?uei aieaa 659 niini-
aia oeeiiaiey io oieaou iaeiaia iooai ia?aaea/e iaeiaiauo aeae-
ea?aoeee ii oaeaoiiiui eaiaeai nayce a iaaeaaeaea ia iineaaeoth-
uaa aiciauaiea cao?ao. Ec iauaai eiee/anoaa a 4775 oaeueoeauo
aeieoiaioia aeaa o?aoe i?aaenoaaeyee niaie iaeiaiaua aeaeea?aoeee,
ia?aaeaiiua ii yeaeo?iiiui eaiaeai nayce2.

13. A auea iiiauaia eioi?iaoeey i
?acoeueoaoao ianeaaeiaaiey, i?iaaaeaiiiai n?aaee 6000 nooaeaioia aa-
aeoueo eieeaaeaeae ii anae no?aia, ec eioi?ie neaaeoao, /oi aeaa o?a-
oe anao ii?ioaiiuo nooaeaioia eiaaea-eeai ai a?aiy ca/aoia e ye-
caiaiia aeoeueie/aee. Ineoieiae a oie aea noaouea ooaa?aeaeatho, /oi
io 40 aei 68% nooaeaioia aeiioneatho aiciiaeiinoue aeoeueie/anoaa ia
yecaiaiao3.

14. Niaeanii enneaaeiaaieyi Enneaaeiaaoaeueneiai oeaio?a no?a-
oiaaiey (IRC), 23% ec anao ii?ioaiiuo aeiioneaee eiaaea-eeai
oaeueneoeeaoeeth cayaeaiee ia iieo/aiea no?aoiaie, i?e/ai no?a-
oiaua noiiu i?e yoii caauoaeenue. Aic?anoaao e eiee/anoai ia-
oeiaoeee a iaeanoe no?aoiaaiey aiiaua4.

15. Iioaiieee, niaoeeaeece?othueany ia ia?eaoeiaa ii oaea-
oiio e aace?othueany i?aeiouanoaaiii a THaeiie Eaeeoi?iee, on-
iaoii iaeaa/atho ea?iaiu aia?eeaioeaa ia noiio i?eia?ii 15 iee-
eea?aeia aeieea?ia a aiae. Yoi noaiiaeony aiciiaeiui ec-ca iaoeiii-
eaeoiaaiiinoe eaae?aie i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia, ieioie
eii?aeeiaoeee eo ?aaiou e neaaiai ?oeiaiaenoaa eo aeayoaeueiinoueth0.

16. Aee?aeoi? ii eiaanoeoeeyi eiiiaiee cayaee, /oi iio?aaiinoue i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aa-
iia a yenia?oao ii yeiiiie/aneei aii?inai e aooaaeoa?neei ?an-
/aoai ca eaaeaeua o?e iineaaeieo aiaea aic?anoaea aaeaia6.

17. Iineaaeiea enneaaeiaaiey iieacuaatho, /oi . Oaeaea auyaeaii, /oi 27% o/aiuo, ano?a/aaoeony ni
neo/ayie iioaiie/anoaa, ieeae ia ieo ia i?i?aaae?iaaee, e
eeoue 2% ioaee/ii inii?eee iiaeic?eoaeueiua aeaiiua7.

‘Albert A. Crenshow. . -The Washington Post, Apr. 19,1990, p. Bl. Iaeioi?ua
noiaeiua noaoenoe/aneea aeaiiua auee aeeth/aiu a noaoueth Ia?aa?eo Nieo
. – The Wall Street Journal, Apr. 28, 1992, p. Bl.

4 Kenneth Reich. . – The
Los Angeles Times, Nov. 19, 1991, p. A26.

5 Robert W. Stewart. . – The
Los Angeles Times, Dec. 29, 1991, p. A5.

6 Elizabeth M. Fowler. . – The New
York Times, July 16, 1991, p. D17.

‘William J. Broad. . – The New York Times, Mar. 27, 1992, p. A16.

18. Ni?ie iyoue ec noa iaeaieaa e?oiiuo iiae?yae/eeia Ieie-
noa?noaa iai?iiu auee i?iaa?aiu ia i?aaeiao i?aaeuyaeaiey oa-
aea?aeueiiio i?aaeoaeuenoao caauoaiiuo n/aoia. Oaeea eiiiaiee,
eae , , ,
e ?aaoey?ii i?aae-
noaaeyee naaaeaiey i naa?oo?i/iuo ?aaioao, oaeueneoeoee?iaaee
ia?yaeu ia ioaeaeueiua aeaeu ?aaio, caauoaee iauaiu ?aaio, i?aae-
noaaeyee n/aoa i?aaeoaeuenoao ca naa?oo?i/ioth ?aaioo naieo ?o-
eiaiaeeoaeae, aeeth/ay n/aoa ca /eainoai a ?acee/iuo eeoaao e
aeaaea ca aeeaou a Iao?iiieeoai Iia?a1.

19. N 1965 a. 17 ieeeea?aeia aeieea?ia, auaeaiiuo a ea/anoaa
nnoae nooaeaioai, ia auee eie aiciauaiu, oae /oi eo i?eoeinue
auiea/eaaoue oaaea?aeueiiio i?aaeoaeuenoao2.

20. A 1991 a. aaaeoueie oeiainiauie o/?aaeaeaieyie iaae-
iaiey a iioaiie/anoaa auee i?aaeuyaeaiu 1985 eeoeai, ec eioi-
?uo 885 auee i?eciaiu aeiiaiuie, a 662 inoaeaeaiu e oth?aiii-
io caeeth/aieth. Eo /enei auei au ai?acaei aieueoei, anee au
oaeaeinue iaeoe aeiiieieoaeueiia oeiaine?iaaiea aeey oaaee/aiey
ooaoa neaaeiaaoaeae. I?e nouanoaothuai naaiaeiy oeiaine?iaa-
iee ?anneaaeothony oieueei aeaea, aaea noiia oua?aa i?aauoaao
100 000 aeieea?ia3.

21. Enneaaeiaaiea Einoeoooa iaiaaeaeiaioa (IMA) iieacaei, /oi
87% iaiaaeaea?ia niiniaiu ?aaee oeo/oaiey eieaeaea naiae oe?-
iu ia niaa?oaiea iioaiie/anoaa4. A oiaea ae?oaiai ii?ina 400 ia-
iaaeaea?ia auei auyaeaii, /oi o?aoue ec ieo ia aeiaa?ytho naiei ia-
iin?aaenoaaiiui ia/aeueieeai, a 55% ia aa?yo aunoaio caaio oi-
?aaeaiey naieo oe?i5.

N eaeie noi?iiu ie niio?e, a Niaaeeiaiiuo Ooaoao e ae?oaeo
no?aiao iioaiie/anoai noaei iaeiie ec iniiaiuo i?iaeai. A aieue-
oeinoaa iao/iuo ?aaio eiinoaoe?oaony, /oi ?acee/iua oe?iu e
o/?aaeaeaiey oa?ytho io ?acee/iuo iioaiie/aneeo aeaenoaee io 0,5
aei 2% naieo aeioiaeia. Anee oae ianoiyo aeaea ia naiii aeaea, oi ii-
oaiie/anoai aeaenoaeoaeueii iaoiaeeony ei aeiaieueii aei?iai. Anee,
iai?eia?, oe?ia n aeioiaeaie ii?yaeea aeaoo ieeeea?aeia aeieea?ia
a aiae onoaiaaeeaaao neeaeeo n ?icie/iie oeaiu naiae i?iaeoeoeee a
10%, a iioa?e io iioaiie/anoaa ninoaaeytho 1% io iauaai aeioi-
aea, oi, /oiau iie?uoue oua?a io iioaiie/anoaa, yoa oe?ia aeieae-
ia inouanoaeoue ia aeaanoe ieeeeiiia aeieea?ia aeiiieieoaeueiuo
i?iaeaae. ?an/ao i?iaiaeeony neaaeothuei ia?acii:

Aeioiae

Iioa?e io iioaiie/anoaa (1% io aeioiaea)
Iaiaoiaeeii inouanoaeoue aeiiieieoaeueiuo
i?iaeaae aeey aiciauaiey oua?aa ia ($20 iei o 10)

$2 ie?ae
20 iei

200 iei

* Marshall A. Clinard. . –
Praeger, New York, 1990, p. 76-77.

2 Kerry Hannon. . – Money, May 1992, p. 164-170.

“Richard Behar. . – Time. Mar. 26, 1990, p. 60.
___ “The Wall Street Journal, Mar. 1, 1990, p. Al.
f( ” ^”l 5 Selwyn Feinstein. . – The Wall Street Journal, Jan.
LL^JJ 16, 1990, Section Al.

Yoe enneaaeiaaiey iieacaee oaeaea, /oi ni noi?iiu naieo ?a-
aioieeia oe?iu oa?iyo aieueoee oua?a, /ai io eeeaioia. Iaei-
oi?ua aeaiiua ec iaeanoe ?icie/iie oi?aiaee, iai?eia?, naeaea-
oaeuenoaotho, /oi iaaaceiiua e?aaee ninoaaeytho 30%, oiaaea eae
iioaiie/anoai ni noi?iiu naiaai ia?niiaea – 70% io anao neo-
/aaa. Aiaeiae/iua enneaaeiaaiey a aaieianeie noa?a auyaeee oio
oaeo, /oi 95% noiiu oua?aa ia?acoaony ca n/ao ia/anoiinoe ia?-
niiaea e eeoue 5% – ca n/ao aeaenoaee eeeaioia.

A ae?oaeo enneaaeiaaieyo aeieacuaaaony, /oi oua?a io iioai-
ie/anoaa aic?anoaao a oyaeaeua yeiiiie/aneea ia?eiaeu, a ia?eiae
?inoa oeiainiauo cao?oaeiaiee eee neeyiey oe?i, a oaeaea ai a?a-
iy inouanoaeaiey ?eneiaaiiuo i?iaeoia. Iineieueeo ana yoe on-
eiaey i?enoonoaotho e naaiaeiy, iiaeii iaeeaeaoue, /oi aeaiiay i?i-
aeaia aua aieaa onoaoaeony.

Iaeaieaa oeie/iua aeaeu iioaiie/anoaa ni noi?iiu iaai-
iuo ?aaioieeia:

Ai?ianoai iaee/iinoe ec eannu
Ai?ianoai /aeia

Eniieueciaaiea iaee/iinoe ia ii iacia/aieth
Oaeueneoeeaoeey eanniauo eiea
Oaeueneoeeaoeey noii ia aaieianeeo n/aoao

Iiaeaeaeea /aeia

Eniieueciaaiea iinooieaiee a iaineiiiua oiiaeu ia ii iacia-
/aieth

Iaeeea e?aaee iaee/iinoe ec eannu
Iieaoa ee/iuo n/aoia /aeaie oe?iu

I?aaenoaaeaiea oaeueneoeoee?iaaiiuo n/aoia-oaeoo?
Oaeueneoeeaoeey o?ainii?oiuo iaeeaaeiuo
Caauoaiiia oaeoo?e?iaaiea

E?aaee eiaaioa?y

Naiai? n eeeaioaie eee iinoaaueeaie , oi anoue ii-
eo/aiea ca ii?aaeaeaiiua oneoae, eiuie neiaa-
ie, ?aciiaeaeiinoue acyoee

Eneonnoaaiiia acaeoaaiea oeai

Eniieueciaaiea iiaenoaaiuo iinoaaueeia

Caauoaiea oeai

Ia?aieaoa

Auaea/a aeoouo aaenaeae, o. i. eaeoeia

Eniieueciaaiea eiouanoaa oe?iu

Eniieueciaaiea nio?oaeieeia, iai?oaeiaaiey eee iaoa?eaeia

oe?iu a ee/iuo oeaeyo

I?aaeinoaaeaiea caeacia ca acyoee
Iaieioeyoeee n e?aaeeoiuie ea?oi/eaie

Iioaiie/anoai ni no?aoiaeie
Iacaaeaeea?e?iaaiiua aeioiaeu
Oaeueneoeoee?iaaiea iaeiaiauo aeaeea?aoeee

Iioaiie/anoai ni n/aoaie io iaaeeoeeineeo o/?aaeaeaiee-

Oaeueneoeeaoeey caienae a aooaaeoa?neeo eieaao:

aeey oeo/oaiey io/aoiinoe

aeey iie?uoey iaaeinoa/

Oaeueneoeeaoeey io/aoiinoe i eiiaiaee?iaeao ^a–e
Caauoaiea ?anoiaeia Ij.^* JJ

Aeeth/aiea a io/ao i i,”
Iaaica?auaiea ^KWWWOBKe ee/iuo TPao

.Ianaieoeeiie?iaai io aaainii noii

– eiaaioa?y e?iaeaaea eiouanoaa oe?iu:

– iai?oaeiaaiey

– iooiaeia i?iecaiaenoaa

– Eiiiuethoa?iua i?anooi

– eciaiaiea niaea?anyi, eaiey: ”

a^ ^-
‘^naIea /yooea?e

– iieo/aiea iaee/iinoe caiena

^aee/^ai^ia^oO^011 ca?A60T011 ieaou
Oaeueneoeeaoeey /aniE^6038^11T /aeia

Iieaoa o?oaea ?aaioa? ia?a?a

ieeia-

^ieee e eo iioeaaoeey

Aio i^e^aeE^A^e’^^ ^?uea^ueth oeiainiaua cao?oaeiaiey.

auei e aeeceeo ?iaenoaai^811″11″1′ WHer^ iaa0 ia aue0. e{o ia
oeoueny ca iiaeaea?aeeie OIA eee ae?ocae, e eiio ii iia au ia?a-

yoie neooaoeee caeiiiui iano0 oia0 /^oau iiiuoaoueny aueoe e3
/anoai. Ii aua?ae iaoie” iniaaie’ Ae811T”110oae “a iioaiie-
oeia, auienuaay /aee-e> e *iathueo iie?uoey /aeia, o. i. eae-

e?uoey auei iaaeinoaoie aee’ aaea aeaiaa ia aa0 n/aoa aeey eo 110′
ou, naeaeaiiua i?e iii^0′ a “?ye?uoeai ^O neoaeeee aeaiice-

ae?oaie aaie. Iineaaeiee^oee Oaeueoeauo /aeia, auienaiiuo ia

nyoea iioa?ye aieaa 40 III h’ iieiaaoee aa0 ia yoii’ ca yaa ia-
yoiai iioaiie/anoaa ae^ ^eea?ia. ieaea i?eaaaeaii iienaiea

ss, Aeaiien A?e?, aeaea^051″1T11 naiiai aeaiiena-
aeayoaeueiinoe, naycaiiie thoi /ecoocePAee/ioe i?eciaiea i iiae
ueo iie?uoey /aeia, ii “^Ae^aeaieai a aaiee A e A ia eiath-

aeaaeaiey a aeaea eaeeo-ae^6″T81111011 aiea’ aa3 ieacaiey ia iaiy

ieacaeny a oeiainiauo 3e oa?03 eee “^Oe01>- eiath 1991 a- y
iui no?annii. Ii ?aeeaee oaeiaieyo’ E^eyaiiuo yiioeeiiaeue-
?aoueny ioooaea, aaea y aeee ^^ i006?^111″T iaiy canoaaeee o&-
aeeoue a iaoeia. Ooo oiai’0 o?e n iieiaeiie “^ee iia i?eoeinue
aaaooea, aeeaoay a o^Ae^noaaiiue aeeceee iia /eai naiuee –

ioeny n ianeaaenoaii a THii ae0- iiaoae ia aa “”xoPOSbi e aa?-
ia iieaoo eaa?oe?u ca i?^^ia1’0″-/anoue yoeo aeaiaa y ^^aT
oa a aaiea e iauyaeaiea i aoe> a naeueiua OOEE ia ioe?uoea n/a-
iu ethiy aei ia/aea aaao? ienea ?1160T- ana yo0 A?^’ n na?aaee-

aioioth ieaoo naieoa?a E a’ !l.aeee eeoue ia ^^aeueioth ca?a-
y iuoaeny nii?oaeeoue eo ‘^aa’7T’ ie e?iaaoe o iaiy ia auei, e

aeaenoaiaaee nia?oue iia^0!60^”111’T11 ?O1″11T- ia iaiy i/aiue i0′
aeo iieie ?iaeeoaeyie e on^VT” e IPOaeeiuv aicieeoea iaae-

iieei. A ia/aea aaaonoa ai- ^”aT01^ y naay niaa?oaiii iaee-
oe?o, a aeaiaa o iaiy ia .”Ioaeooee i/a?aaeiie n?ie ieaou ca eaa?-
aaiea A e iiiuoaeny cae^0 11a oaaoae0- ^^a aeay ioe?ue n/ao a

auei iaei aaieianeeo aao naie n/ao a aiea ‘ oae eae O ieo
ia neiaeeeenue ioiioaiey ^/aoia’ O/e/aeia e aiiaua oai o iaiy

,7==^ oeoue ca eaa?oe?o y ae y oaea neacae’ iia ioaei0 aue0 iea”
l[46]j aicaeaenoaeai ^asceeueieciae’AAeeacyoueAeeiueae
IOAe
‘–a -“”ai-oi ica?aiey y auienae aeaaeaeueoeo

eaa?oe?u /ae ia ioaeioth noiio. Aeaiaa o iaiy ia n/aoa aeey ii-
e?uoey yoiai /aea ia auei. ss aeoiae, /oi iia oaeanony iaeieaeeoue
ioaeioth noiio, ii oau… Iuoaynue iaeoe aeaiueae, y auienae /ae ia
aaie A, /oiau iie ia?aaaee aeaiueae ia iieaoo iiaai /aea a aaie A.
ss ia ciae, /oi oaeea aeaenoaey iacaeiiiu, eeoue iiaeic?aaae, /oi
yoi ia i/aiue yoe/ii, aeoiay, /oi ?ac /aee iiea/eaathony aaieaie,
oi caeiio yoi ia i?ioeai?a/eo. Oae i?iaeieaeaeinue ieiei iaaeaee –
/ae a iaeei aaie, /ae a ae?oaie… Iia ana eacaeinue, /oi y niiao ni-
a?aoue aeinoaoi/ii aeaiaa, /oiau iie?uoue naie aeiea, ii yoi iia oae e
ia oaeaeinue. Iiy iieieiay aaaooea iaeaaeaea aiieia i?eee/iui
ninoiyieai, e y aeoiae, /oi aio-aio iieo/o aieueoa aeaiaa, ii yoio
iiiaio ana ia ianooiae. I?ioee iaaeaee, aaiee iaiy ia eneaee, e
y ia/ae oai aea ia?acii eia-/oi iieoiaoue. Iia ioaeii auei eiaoue
ia /ai niaoue, iaeayei, eia-/oi ec iaaaee… ss eoiee ?aneeaaeiie
aeeaai, ienueiaiiue noie, iaaaeueioth noaieo, iinoaeo, iieaoee ae?o-
aea aeieae – caaeieaeaiiinoue ca iao/aiea a eieeaaeaea, n/ao io coa-
iiai a?a/a, iiaanee e?aaeeo e o. ae. Eiia/ii, aeaenoaiaae y ii-aeo-
?aoeee. Ii ieeoi ie/aai ia aiai?ee, a aaieao ia caaeaaaee ieea-
eeo aii?inia. Aeeaaeu y aeaeae ana a?aiy a ?acee/iuo ioaeaeaieyo
aaiea, iuoaynue ecaaaeaoue iacaei?iaiai eioa?ana e iiae iniaa, ii
aeaaea eiaaea y auaae a naiai ioaeaeaiee, ieeoi ie/aai iia ia aiai-
?ee. ss oaea ia/ae aeoiaoue, /oi, iiaeao, oi, /oi y aeaeath, ia oae oae e
ieioi. Iiyoiio y ?aoee i?eia?anoe iiaoth iaoeio, iocueaeue-
iue oeaio?, iiaue eiiiuethoa?, /oiau iiaeii auei ?aaioaoue aeiia.
N aaieaie ii-i?aaeiaio ia auei ieeaeeo i?iaeai, ii, ianiio?y
ia yoi, iaiy ia iieeaeaei /oanoai aeiu. ss ciae, /oi ioaeii ia/aoue
iiaaoaoue naie , e ia/ae eneaoue aieaa iiea/eaaaioth ?aai-
oo. Iaeiiaoe a iaeei i?ae?aniue aeaiue, eiaaea y aue ia ?aaioa, iia .
iicaiieee aeiiie ec aaiea A – o ieo iiyaeeenue eaeea-oi aii?inu
ioiineoaeueii iiaai n/aoa. Aei iaiy n?aco aea aeioei, /oi iie aeiei-
iaeenue… *ooue iicaea ?acaeaeny caiiie ec aaiea A. Iie neacaee,
/oi iie aeaenoaey i?ioeaicaeiiiu, /oi iie iaiinyo yeiiiie/a-
neee oua?a. ss aue a oiea. ss e iiiyoey ia eiae, /oi yoi ianoieueei
oyaeeia i?anooieaiea. Oaia?ue y iiieiath, /oi iie aeaenoaey auee
iacaeiiiu, ii n naiiai ia/aea y aeoiae, /oi yoi i?inoi iayoe/ii –
oi, /oi yoi yaeyaony i?anooieaieai, y ia ciae aei naiiai iineaaeia-
ai iiiaioa. Iia iaaei auei aeoiaoue ?aiueoa. ss ene?aiia i?eiioo
ecaeiaiey ca oi, /oi iaoai?ee, e oaeia aieueoa IEEIAAeA ia ii-
aoi?eony. Ana, /oi y oaia?ue oi/o, oae yoi aicianoeoue aaieai iaia-
naiiue iiith oua?a, oioy a ianoiyuee iiiaio o iaiy ia yoi iao
aeaiaa. ss iiieiath, /oi aaiee yoei ianoiyoaeuenoaii /?acau/aeii
iaaeiaieueiu. ss oioae au inoaaeoue ca niaie yoi i?aai iacaaeneii
io oiai, ioi?aayo iaiy a oth?ueio eee iao. ss aioia ?aaioaoue oae iii-
ai, /oiau au/aou ec iiae ca?ieaou iicaieeee au iia iieiinoueth
?anieaoeoueny n aaieaie iethn iiaaneoue niioaaonoaothuee i?ioeaio,
ss iioae ia yoe naie iacaeiiiua aeaenoaey a ninoiyiee iieiiai io-
/ayiey, aoaeo/e yiioeeiiaeueii e ineoe/anee iionoioaiiui. Iia
eacaeinue, /oi o iaiy iao eiiai auoiaea, e?iia oiai, /oi y naeaeae,
eia/a iia i?eoeinue au niiaa aeeoue a iaoeia. Oaia?ue y ciath, /oi
iinooiee iaoi?ioi, e i/aiue ia yoii niaeaeath. ss iaia?aaathnue ia-
?aoeoueny ca iiiiuueth e ineoioa?aiaaoo e ciath, /oi eae ^–>\
oieueei iia oaeanony ia/aoue iiaoth aeeciue, y ioaeai naie aeieae [I ^ JJ

iauanoao. ss. iiethnue i oii, /oiau neoaeauea aaieia e eo ?oeiai-
aeeoaee i?inoeee iaiy ca iie aeaenoaey, e iaaeathnue iieiinoueth n
ieie ?ann/eoaoueny. ss iinooiee iai?aaeeueii e oaia?ue aeieaeai ii-
aeeiaoue ieiaeu. Aeaiiia cayaeaiea iaienaii nianoaaiii?o/ii, aac
anyeiai iaaeeia e oa?ic ni noi?iiu o?aoueeo eeoe.

Aeaiien A?E?

Ianiio?y ia oi /oi nouanoaotho ouny/e niiniaia niaa?oaiey
iioaiie/anoaa, i?eia? Aeaiiena n aai ia eiaaoeie iie?uoey /a-
eaie iaaeyaeii aeaiiino?e?oao ana o?e iniiaiuo yeaiaioa, i?eno-
ueo iioaiie/anoao. Yoe o?e yeaiaioa, ia?acothuea a niaieoiii-
noe oae iacuaaaiue o?aoaieueiee iioaiie/anoaa e ii?aaeaeythuea
iioeaaoeeth e aiciiaeiinoue aeey aai niaa?oaiey, i?aaenoaaeytho ni-
aie: 1) aeaaeaiea oeiainiauo ianoiyoaeuenoa; 2) aiciiaeiinoue niaa?-
oeoue e iaeioi?ia a?aiy ne?uaaoue aeo iioaiie/anoaa; 3) niinia-
iinoue ii?aaaeaoue yoi aeaenoaea.

Ieeiio ia i?aaeony aeeoue a iaoeia. Niya eaa?oe?o, Aeaiien
ia niia caieaoeoue ca iaa oaea ca aoi?ie ianyoe. Aoaeo/e iinoaaeai-
iui ia?aae auai?ii – eee iieoe ia iioaiie/anoai, eee aa?iooue-
ny niiaa aeeoue a iaoeio, Aeaiien aua?ae ia?aia. Eaaeaeue iioai-
iee noaeeeaaaony n iaeioi?ui aeaaeaieai aiaoieo ianoiy-
oaeuenoa, i?e/ai aieueoeinoai oaeeo ianoiyoaeuenoa naycaii n
oeiainiaui iaaeaaiiieo/eai. Aianoa n oai iioeae?othuei oae-
oi?ii iiaeao noaoue e aeaaeaiea ianoiyoaeuenoa, ia eiathueo ioii-
oaiey e oeiainai, oaeeo eae iaiaoiaeeiinoue iieacaoue a io/aoa
oeo/oaiiua ii n?aaiaieth n ?aaeueiinoueth iieacaoaee, iaethaiaue
e naiae ?aaioa eee aeaaea no?aieaiea . Ieaea
a yoie aeaaa iu ?anniio?ei aeaeu iiaeiaiiai aeaaeaiey aieaa aea-
oaeueii.

Aoi?ui yeaiaioii o?aoaieueieea iioaiie/anoaa yaeyaony
aiciiaeiinoue aai niaa?oeoue. Aeaiien eca?ae niinia ,
naycaiiue n auieneie iaiaania/aiiuo /aeia ia iaeei aaie aeey ii-
e?uoey oaeeo aea /aeia, auienaiiuo ia ae?oaie aaie. Aeey yoiai
aio ia o?aaiaaeinue eiaoue aeinooia e eanniaie iaee/iinoe, i?eia-
iyoue neeo eee aeaaea oece/anee i?eaeeaeaoueny e naiei aea?oaai.
Ii auienuaae oaeueoeaua /aee, neaey a naiae eiiiaoa, e i?inoi
ioi?aaeye eo ii ii/oa a yoe aeaa aaiea. I?oaeeai i?anooieaiey aeey
iaai auee /aee aeaoo ?acee/iuo oeiainiauo o/?aaeaeaiee e aaoi-
?o/ea. Ia eiaao cia/aiey, ?aneayeny ee Aeaiien a naieo aeaenoae-
yo eee iao; aeaaiia caeanue, /oi Aeaiien n/eoae, /oi ii iiaeao ne?uoue
naia iioaiie/anoai, /oi o iaai anoue aiciiaeiinoue aai niaa?oeoue.

O?aoueei yeaiaioii o?aoaieueieea iioaiie/anoaa yaeyaony
naiaai ?iaea ii?aaaeaiea iioaiie/anoaa ia?aae naiei niaie, /oiau
iii ia ?anoiaeeeinue n iaeioi?ui aoa?enoa. Na-
iiii?aaaeaiey Aeaiiena auee aeaiyeiai ?iaea: 1) ii yeiau ia aa?ee,
/oi aai aeaenoaey iacaeiiiu, oioy e i?eciaaae, /oi iie iayoe/iu;

2) ii iieaaae, /oi niiaeao aua?aoueny ec naieo oeiainiauo cao?oae-
iaiee e aica?aoeoue yoe iai?aaaaeii iieo/aiiua aeaiueae. Ii aai
iiaieth, ii i?inoi caieiae o aaiea aeaiueae, e oioy aai niinia ii-
eo/aiey aaieianeie aue ianeieueei aii?aeueiui, iicaea
J ^ ii iaia?aaaeny aeaiueae aa?iooue. A eiioea eiioeia, ana eia-
|[48 ]| aea-eeai aa?oo nnoaeo eee acaeiu.

Yoe o?e yeaiaioa – 1) iinoiyiiia aeaaeaiea aiaoieo ianoiy-
oaeuenoa; 2) aiciiaeiinoue; 3) niiniaiinoue ii?aaaeaoue naie iinoo-
iie – i?enoonoaotho a eaaeaeii neo/aa iioaiie/anoaa. Ia naiii
aeaea e aeaaeaiea, e aiciiaeiinoue iiaoo auoue eeoue eaaeoueieny.
Noi?iiiee iaaethaeaoaeue iiaeao acaeyiooue ia aeaiiue aeo iioai-
ie/anoaa e neacaoue: . Iaeiaei oi, /oi aeoiaao noi?iiiee iaaethaeaoaeue eee eoi-eeai
aua, ia eiaao ieeaeiai cia/aiey. Anee /aeiaae iuouaao aeaaea-
iea aiaoieo ianoiyoaeuenoa, eiaao aiciiaeiinoue e iiaeao ii?aa-

aeaoue naie iinooiie ia?aae naiei niaie, oi ii nei?aa anaai iieaeao

ia iioaiie/anoai.

Ai iiiaeo neo/ayo iioaiie/anoai iiaeiaii iiaea?o. Aeey aic-
ieeiiaaiey iiaea?a oaeaea iaiaoiaeeiu o?e yeaiaioa: 1) eenei?iae;

2) ai?th/aa aauanoai; 3) niioaaonoaothuay oaiia?aoo?a. I?e niaaee-
iaiee yoeo o?ao yeaiaioia, eae iieacaii a i?ei. 2-1, iu e iieo-
/aai iiaea?.

I?ei. 2-1

N?aaiaiea o?aoaieueieeia (iiaea?iiai e iioaiie/anoaa)

Aeiaaaeaiea aiaoieo
ianoiyoaeuenoa

Ai?th/aa / Iiaea?iue
aauanoai / o?aoaieueiee \ Eenei?iae

/O?aoaieueiee \
Aiciiaeiinoue thoaiie/anoaa\ Naiiii?aaaeaiea

A ea/anoaa eeethno?aoeee noiaenoaa iaaeaeo yeaiaioaie * iiaea?-.
iiai o?aoaieueieea> e ?anniio?ei
iaeei neo/ae, ?anneacaiiue iai a?aoii iaeiiai ec aaoi?ia. A i?io-
eii aiaeo ii n naiueae ia?aaoae a iiaue aeii, iaoiaeeaoeeny a naeue-
neii ?aeiia, e ?aoee onoaiiaeoue ia caaeiai aeai?a oeenoa?io n aai-
ceiii, iaiaoiaeeiui aeey cai?aaee o?aeoi?a e iaoei, /oiau ia
acaeeoue eaaeaeue ?ac ia aaicicai?aaeo. Yoa oeenoa?ia auea onoaiia-
eaia ia niaoeeaeueiie eiino?oeoeee aunioie a oanoue oooia, noiya-
oae ia /aou?ao iii?ao, e aia?aua iia auea iaiieiaia a aeaeaa?a,
eiaaea caiey oaea aeinoaoi/ii i?iia?cea. Eiaaea aaniie ii/aa ia/a-
ea iiaeoaeaaoue, iiae aanii aaiceia aeaa iii?u i?iaaeeeenue.

Iaeiaaeaeu iinea iaaaea, eiaaea ?iaeeoaee ioi?aaeeenue a oeieo
iiniio?aoue aaneaoaieueiue iao/ n o/anoeai nuia, inoaaea aeaoo aei-
/a?ae 7 e 10 eao aeiia iaeieo o oaeaaeci?a, iieiay aaiceia oeenoa?-
ia neaoeeanue ni naiae ieaooi?iu e naaeeeanue ia aei?iao. I?e oaea-

?a i oaa?aeue anoaeueo ethe oeenoa?iu ioe?ueny, e aaicei ia/ae au-
oaeaoue ia o?iieieo, iioii a ethaao, a ioooaea ii iiiae a iiaeaae
aeiia. A aeiia aue ia oieueei eenei?iae, ii e aeinoaoi/ii aunieay oai-
ia?aoo?a – auei aeeth/aii ioiieaiea. Aeey caaa?oaiey iiaea?-
iiai o?aoaieueieea iaaeinoaaaei oieueei ai?th/aai aauanoaa, eioi-
?ia auno?i caiieiyei eioaeueioth.

Eiaaea ia?u aaiceia aeinoeaee eiio?ieueiiai ycu/ea ieaiaie a
eioaeueiie, i?iecioae ac?ua. Aeaai/ee, iiaeoiaa, /oi yoi cai- ,-,–e,
iio?ynaiea, aeaenoaiaaee oae, eae eo o/eee, e auno?aiueei |l^ JJ

ni?yoaeenue iiae eooiiiui noieii, aua?aaoenue ec-iiae iaai oieue-
ei oiaaea, eiaaea caiaoeee au?uaaaoeany ec iiaeaaea ycuee iea-
iaie. Iaiiue a iieneao eenei?iaea i/aeny ii aeiio ni nei?inoueth eo-
?uea?neiai iiacaea. Aeaoe ?aniaoioee aeaa?ue e auaaaeaee ia oeeoeo.
Eae oieueei iie aunei/eee, aeii aci?aaeny. Aeaai/ee, e n/anoueth,
ioaeaeaeenue oieueei iaaieueoeie iaeiaaie e nnaaeeiaie.

Neea ac?uaa auea ia?iiiie – ia iaai ooae aanue eenei?iae.
Iinea ac?uaa aaicei i?iaeieaeae noaeaoue a iiaeaae, ii oaia?ue oai
oaea ia auei aunieie oaiia?aoo?u. I?eauaoea /a?ac iaeioi?ia
a?aiy iiaea?iua (ec-ca eioaineaiuo enia?aiee iie auee auioae-
aeaiu ?aaioaoue a ianeao) au/a?iaee ioooaea ieiei 300 aaeeiiia
aaiceia, aeoiay, /oi yoi aiaea. A aeiia ieacaeinue noieueei aaiceia,
“/oi aai auei au aeinoaoi/ii, /oiau aci?aaoue anth ie?oao.

Ac?ua aeeeeny oieueei /aou?a naeoiaeu, ii oaiia?aoo?a aeinoea-
ea 1750 a?aaeonia. Ianoaiiaea a aeiia aeaaea ia nai?aea – nei?aa iia
auea ia?aiieioa ac?uaii. Oaeaoii ia noaia aue iioiae ia ninoeue-
eo, a oaeaaeci?, eioi?ue oieueei /oi niio?aee aeaai/ee, iaiiie-
iae a?oaeo iieaaeaiiie ieanoiannu.

Iiaea?iua ciatho oiee a naiai aeaea. Iie iiieiatho, /oi iaiiue
iiaeii iiaeaaeoue iooai ono?aiaiey iaeiiai ec o?ao iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey
iaai yeaiaioia. Io eenei?iaea /anoi ecaaaeythony iooai canuiee, n
iiiiuueth iaiioooaiey, eniieuecoy ?acee/iua oeie/aneea aaua-
noaa eee niaoeeaeueii aucuaay ac?ua, eae yoi auei i?e iiaeaaeaiee
iiaea?ia ia neaaaeeiao a Eoaaeoa. Aunieay oaiia?aoo?a iiaeaaey-
aony iooai iai?aaeaiey ia iaiiue no?oe aiaeu, a io ai?th/aai aaua-
noaa ecaaaeythony n iiiiuueth nii?oaeaiey niaoeeaeueiuo i?ioeai-
iiaea?iuo i?aa?aae, eaiaa eee i?inoi ia?ae?uaay iiaea/o oiieeaa.

Ethaee, ai?thueany n iioaiie/anoaii, auaatho iau/ii ioithaeue
ia oae iiaeeiaaiu a naiai aeaea. Eae iu iieaaeai a neaaeothueo aea-
aao, a no?aieaiee ia aeaoue niaa?oeoueny iioaiie/anoao iie nin?a-
aeioi/eaathony oieueei ia iaeiii yeaiaioa – aiciiaeiinoe. A iineieue-
eo ana iie a naiai aieueoeinoaa aa?yo, /oi yoe aiciiaeiinoe iiaoo
auoue ono?aiaiu iooai oneeaiey aioo?eoe?iaiiiai eiio?iey, oi
iai?aaeytho ana eee ii/oe ana naie oneeey ia aai niaa?oainoaiaa-
iea e iaoeinieoaeueiia niaethaeaiea anao i?aaee. Ai?acaei ?aaea eo
aieiaiea i?eaeaeaao iioeaaoeey eee naiiii?aaaeaiey iioaiieeia.

Oae aea eae e a neo/aa iiaea?iiai o?aoaieueieea, ana o?e yea-
iaioa o?aoaieueieea iioaiie/anoaa caaenyo ae?oa io ae?oaa (ni.
i?ei. 2-1). A neo/aa iiaea?a /ai aieaa ai?th/a oiieeai, oai iaiue-
oa eenei?iaea e iaiueoay oaiia?aoo?a o?aaothony aeey aai ainiea-
iaiaiey. E iaiai?io, /ai /eua eenei?iae, oai iaiaa ai?th/aa oii-
eeai o?aaoaony aeey ainieaiaiaiey. I?e iioaiie/anoaa aea /ai
aieueoea aiciiaeiinoe i?aaeinoaaeythony aeey aai niaa?oaiey e /ai
aieaa eioaineaii aeaaeaiea aiaoieo ianoiyoaeuenoa, oai /aeiaaeo
o?aaoaony iaiueoa naiiii?aaaeaiee, /oiau iieoe ia i?anooieaiea
eee ceioiio?aaeaiea. E iaiai?io, /ai iioaiiee iaiaa /anoai,
oai iaiueoea aiciiaeiinoe e/eee aeaaeaiea aiaoieo ianoiyoaeuenoa
aio ioaeiu aeey niioaaonoaothuae iioeaaoeee i?anooieaiey.

Eioa?anii ioiaoeoue, /oi ii/oe ai anao enneaaeiaaieyo i?iaeai
/anoiinoe, i?aaei?eiyouo a iineaaeiaa a?aiy a ?acaeouo no?aiao,
^–^1 ioia/aaony, /oi iauee o?iaaiue /anoiinoe ianaeaiey iiana-
IJ50JJ ianoii nieaeaaony. I?eaaaeaiiay auoa acaeiicaaeneiinoue

yeaiaioia o?aoaieueieea iioaiie/anoaa naeaeaoaeuenoaoao, /oi ii-
ieaeaiea o?iaiy /anoiinoe i?aaenoaaeyao niaie oa?ico oaaee/aiey
a aeeaeaeoai aoaeouai neo/aaa iioaiie/anoaa. (Iaiaa /anoiui
aeey naiiii?aaaeaiey naiaai iinooiea o?aaoaony iaiueoa oneeee,
e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, /oiau iieoe ia iioaiie/anoai, ei iiaoo iiia-
aeiaeoueny iaiueoea aiciiaeiinoe e/eee aeaaeaiea aiaoieo ianoiy-
oaeuenoa.)

I?iaeaia naiiii?aaaeaiey e naycaiiua n iae o?iaie /anoiin-
oe, a oaeaea aiciiaeiinoe aeey niaa?oaiey iioaiie/aneeo aeae-
noaee iu aieaa iiae?iaii ianoaeei a neaaeothueo aeaaao. Nae/an aea
iai oi/aony i?eaea/ue aaoa aieiaiea e iaeioi?ui aeaeai aeaaea-
iey, eioi?ua iiaoaeaeatho ethaeae eaeoe ia iioaiie/anoai, aoa?u
eee ceioiio?aaeaiey.

Iioaiie/anoai iiaeao eiaoue oeaeueth eae iieo/aiea auaiaeu
aeey naay ee/ii, oae e i?aneaaeiaaiea auaiaeu aeey naiae oe?iu eee
o/?aaeaeaiey. Iioaiie/anoai ni noi?iiu iaaiiuo ?aaioieeia,
eiaaea /aeiaae eaeao ia ?ano?aoo n?aaenoa naiaai iaieiaoaey, iau/-
ii i?aneaaeoao oeaee ee/iie auaiaeu. Iioaiie/anoai aea ni noi?i-
iu iaiaaeaea?ia, eiaaea i?aaenoaaeoaeue oe?iu iaiaiuaaao eiaan-
oi?ia eee e?aaeeoi?ia oe?iu, /aua anaai i?aaei?eieiaaony ?aaee
auaiaeu aeaiiie oe?iu eaee aa ?oeiaiaeeoaeae.

Ana oeiu iioaiie/anoaa aeeth/atho a naay yeaiaio aeaaeaiey
ni noi?iiu aiaoieo ianoiyoaeuenoa. Aeaeu aeaaeaiey, iiaouea can-
oaaeoue /aeiaaea iieoe ia iioaiie/anoai, a naith i/a?aaeue iiaoo
auoue ?acaeou ia /aou?a a?oiiu: 1) oeiainiaia aeaaeaiea; 2) aeaa-
eaiea ii?ieia e iaaoaiuo i?eno?anoee; 3) aeaaeaiea, naycaiiia n
?aaioie; 4) i?i/ea aeaeu aeaaeaiey aiaoieo ianoiyoaeuenoa.

Iaoe enneaaeiaaiey iieacaee, /oi i?eia?ii 95% io anao neo-
/aaa iioaiie/anoaa aucaaiu aeaaeaieai eee oeiainiauo ianoi-
yoaeuenoa, eee /aeiaa/aneeo ii?ieia. Oeiainiaia aeaaeaiea ia oaea
ecaanoiiai iai Aeaiiena A?e?a au?aaeaeinue a oii, /oi ii aue au’
ioaeaeai aeeoue a iaoeia, /oi o iaai ia auei iaaaee e ae?oaeo iaia-
oiaeeiuo aeey aeecie i?aaeiaoia, oae /oi a ?acoeueoaoa naiae aoa?u
aio oaeaeinue a?aiaiii ecaaaeoueny io o?oaeiinoae. Iaeaieaa oeie/-
iuie aeaeaie oeiainiaiai aeaaeaiey, /anoi i?eaiaeyueie e i?a-
nooieaieth, yaeythony neaaeothuea:

1. E?eieiaeueiue ia?ac aeecie.

2. I?anooiiia ainoaea?noaaiiia ono?ienoai e ?oeiaiaenoai.

3. Ainoaea?noaaiiue e e?eieiaeueiue ?yeao.

4. AEaaeiinoue.

5. ?oeiaiaeeoaeue-i?anooiiee (?oeiaiaeeoaeue oe?iu).

6. AEeciue ia ii n?aaenoaai.

7. Aieueoea aeieae.

8. Aieueoea n/aoa ca iaaeeoeeineia ianeoaeeaaiea.

9. Aaaeiinoue. Ieuaoa.

10. Aieueoea oeiainiaua iioa?e.

11. Iaiaeeaeaiiay iio?aaiinoue a aeaiueaao.

12. Aeiea /anoe (neooaoeey, eiaaea iaaei n?i/ii ioaeaoue, /oiau ni-
o?aieoue eieaeae-eeoei).

Eiia/ii, yoio nienie ieeae ia iiaeao n/eoaoueny en/a?iuaath-
uei, e oeacaiiua aeaeu oeiainiaiai aeaaeaiey ioithaeue ia a^–^S
eneeth/atho iaeei ae?oaiai. Oai ia iaiaa eaaeaeue ec aeaeia fs-^JJ

oeiainiaiai aeaaeaiey, i?eaaaeaiiuo a yoii nienea, oaea iineoaeee
i?e/eiie ia?iiiiai eiee/anoaa iioaiie/anoa. Iai ecaanoiu e
ethaee, iioaaeoea ia i?anooieaiea ec aaaeiinoe, e oa, eoi niaa?oee
iioaiie/anoai, aeeay ai?acaei aiaa/a naieo eieeaa. Eiaaea oaeaeinue
iieiaoue iaeiiai aoa?enoa, iioeoeaoaai o naiaai ?aaioiaeaoaey ai-
eaa ieeeeiia o?aonio ouny/ aeieea?ia, ieacaeinue, /oi ii iio?aoee
eo ia ?oaaoee ni naiae iiiia?aiiie e cieioua caeieee aeey aae-
nooea, aeaa aei?iaeo , ia iieoieo i/aiue aei?iaiai caai-
?iaeiiai aeiia e aeeeu ia aa?aao ieaaia, ia iaoa, eieueoea e ae?oaea
aei?iaea aacaeaeooee aeey aeaiu, ia iiaoth iaoeio ae /y naiaai oanoy,
ia /eainoai a i?anoeaeiii eeoaa e ia /aaaua ii iyoueaeanyo aeieea-
?ia a aa?ao. Aieueoeinoai aai ciaeiiuo ieeiaaea au ia neacaee, /oi
ii eniuouaae eaeia-eeai oeiainiaia aeaaeaiea.

Oeiainiaia aeaaeaiea iiaeao auoue eae aiacaiiui, oae e aeeeoue-
ny aeiaieueii aeieai. E niaeaeaieth, i/aiue iaiiiaea iioaioeeaeueiua
iioaiieee ?anneacuaatho i oii, /oi iie ieacaeenue a noaniaiiuo
oeiainiauo ianoiyoaeuenoaao. A ea/anoaa eeethno?aoeee ?anniio?ei
neo/ae ni Nuethcai Aeaeioic. Nuethcai i?i?aaioaea a iaeiie e oie aea
oe?ia 32 aiaea aac anyeeo caia/aiee. A 63 aiaea iia noaea aaaooeie
aeaoo i?aeanoiuo aio/ae e aae?oa n?aco aea i?aa?aoeeanue a iaoaea?-
aeeioth o?aiaee?o. Aeey naieo aio/ae iia iieoiaea ana, /oi iiiaaea-
einue ae iiae ?oeo, e oai naiui caaeieaeaea i?eee/ioth noiio naoe
iaaaceiia . Ca o?e aiaea, inoaaaaoeany ae
aei ooiaea ia iaineth, iia iioeoeea o naiaai ?aaioiaeaoaey aieaa
650 000 aeieea?ia. Nae/an iia ioauaaao aiaee/iia oth?aiiia caeeth-
/aiea e auioaeaeaia auea aicianoeoue /anoue iaianaiiiai ath oua?aa,
i?iaeaa ana, /oi iie n ioaeai iaaeeee ca anth aeeciue. Iinea naiaai
inaiaiaeaeaiey iia ana aua aoaeao aeieaeia auiea/eaaoue inoaaoeany
250 000 aeieea?ia.

Eiaaea aicieeatho ii?aaeaeaiiua oeiainiaua cao?oaeiaiey eee
/aeiaae iieaaaao, /oi iie aicieeee, oio oaeo, /oi eoi-oi iia auoue
32 aiaea nio?oaeieeii oe?iu, ia eiaao ieeaeiai
cia/aiey. Iineaaeiea enneaaeiaaiey naeaeaoaeuenoaotho, /oi oioy
i?eia?ii 30% neo/aaa iioaiie/anoaa ni noi?iiu iaaiiuo ?a-
aioieeia niaa?oathony a ia?aua o?e aiaea eo ?aaiou, ana aea 70%
iiaeiaiuo i?anooieaiee niaa?oathony ?aaioieeaie ni noaaeai ?a-
aiou a aeaiiie oe?ia io 4 aei 35 eao.

Aeaaeaiea oeiainiauo ianoiyoaeuenoa – iau/ii iaeaieaa /an-
oay i?e/eia ceioiio?aaeaiee, oioy iioaiie/anoai ni noi?iiu ia-
iaaeaea?ia nei?aa i?aneaaeoao auaiaeo aeey oe?iu, /ai aeey naay ee/-
ii. Aieueoeinoai eiiiaiee, eneaaeathueo iieacaoaee naiae oe-
iainiaie io/aoiinoe, iai?eia?, iinooiatho oae ec-ca naiaai
oyaeaeiai oeiainiaiai iieiaeaiey, iaaeinoa/ ii eanna, caaeieaeai-
iinoe ia?oia?ia, ionoonoaey e?oiiuo caeac/eeia, eciioaiiinoe
iai?oaeiaaiey, oyaeaeiai iieiaeaiey ia ?uiea eee aeanoeeo o?a-
aiaaiee e?aaeeoi?ia.

I?eia?ii oaeiai ?iaea iiaeao auoue neo/ae n . Oae eae auioneaaiua ath iueaninu auee ieceiai ea-
/anoaa, oi a ieo auno?i auoiaeeee ec no?iy ioaeaeueiua aeaoaee e i?i-
aeoeoeey ouny/aie aica?auaeanue ia i?aaei?eyoea. I?eciaiea aea a

E >\ io/aoiinoe aieueoiai eiee/anoaa aica?aoia aua au neeue-
|l52Jj gee neacaeinue ia aeioiaeao oe?iu. Iiyoiio aeey oiai, /oiau

ecaaaeaoue iaeanee naiaai oyaeaeiai oeiainiaiai iieiaeaiey, ?o-
eiaiaeeoaee oe?iu ia iieacuaaee a io/aoiinoe neo/ae aica?aoa
a?aeiaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee, caieaeaee iauoth noieiinoue i?iaeaae e ca-
auoaee iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneea caianu. Oaeei ia?acii a io/a-
oao i?ioeaioiia ioiioaiea noieiinoe i?iaeaae e iauei aeioiaeai
nie?aoeeinue ca /aou?a aiaea n 65 aei 52%.

Oanii naycaiu n aeaaeaieai oeiainiauo ianoiyoaeuenoa oaeea
neaainoe, eae i?eaa?aeaiiinoue e aca?oiui ea?ai, ia?eioeeai, ae-
eiaieth, aei?iaei naenoaeueiui oaeiaieuenoaeyi. A ea/anoaa i?eia-
?a oiai, eae iiaeiaiua ii?iee e i?eno?anoey iiaoo noaoue iioeae-
?othuei oaeoi?ii aeey niaa?oaiey i?anooieaiey, ?anniio?ei
i?eciaiea iaeiiai ec iioaiieeia, eae no?anoue e aca?oiui ea?u
i?eaaea aai e ia?ooaieth caeiia.

Neaey ia?aae caeaiui noeiii ea?aeueiiai noiea, y oaea ciae, /oi
ieacaeny a aaaea. Oieueei /oi y i?iea?ae ana aeaiueae, ioeiaeaiiua aeey
ieaou ca o/aao aeaoae a eieeaaeaea. ss iia?ae a naie ainoeie/iue ii-
ia? a iaaeaaeaea oo?ii i?eeoe a naay e iaia?oaeeoue aae?oa, /oi yoio
oaeaniue aa/a? iia oieueei i?enieeny. Aine?aniui oo?ii ii iooe
aeiiie a Nai-Oina ec ?eii y ieeae ia iia i?eaeoiaoue, /oi neacaoue
aeaia. N?i/ii ioaeii auei aeinoaoue aeaiueae. ss aue oaa?ai ia noi i?i-
oeaioia, /oi aoaeue o iaiy iyouenio aeieea?ia, y au noiae ioua?aoueny e
aa?iooue ana iacaae. Ii aaea acyoue yoe iieouny/e? *a?ac eaeia-oi a?a-
iy ia ?aaioa ei iia caoae eoi-oi ec aooaaeoa?ee ca niaaoii. Yoio
/aeiaae caieiaeny i?iaa?eie iiea/aiiuo n/aoia e n?aaiaieai eo
n iaeeaaeiuie. Ii iaia?oaeee, /oi iaeei n/ao ia 3200 aeieea?ia ia
niioaaonoaoao iaeeaaeiie. Iia ooo aea i?eoei a aieiao, eae iiaeii
yoe ian/anoiua iyouenio aeieea?ia. Oe?ia iiy auea au-
no?i?acaeaathueiny i?aaei?eyoeai, caieiathueiny i?iecaiaenoaii
iee?inoai, aaea aioo?aiiee eiio?ieue nouanoaiaae oieueei ia aoia-
aa. O ian nouanoaiaae i?eioeei iiiaioaeueiie, aac iineaaeothuaai
iiaeoaa?aeaeaiey, iieaou n/aoia ia noiiu iaiaa iyoenio aeieea?ia.
ss ?aoee o/?aaeeoue iiaenoaaioth eiiiaieth, eioi?ay noaea au iai?aa-
eyoue n/aoa a iaoo oe?io, ia i?aauoathuea yoeo 500 aeieea?ia.
ss aue oaaaeaeai, /oi iie aeioiae io iiaeiaiuo iicaieeo ia
oieueei aicianoeoue i?iea?aiiua aeaiueae ia iao/aiea aeaoae, ii e nai
yoio oae iacuaaaiue aeieaeie. ss ana ia iia iiaa?eoue, eae eaaei iiae-
ii iieo/eoue iiaeiaiue . *a?ac ianeieueei aeiae a iiai aai-
iaioneii yueea ieacaeny ia?aue /ae, e y iicaiiee aeaia, /oiau
niiaueoue ae iai?eyoiia ecaanoea – iia yeiau n?i/ii ioaeii ea-
oaoue a eiiaiaee?iaeo a Ein-Aiaeaeaean ia ia?aaiai?u n th?enoaie ii
aeaeai oe?iu. *a?ac ianeieueei ieioo y aue oaea ia iooe a ?eii e,
ieacaaoenue oai, n?aco aea iai?aaeeny e ea?oi/iui noieai. E /a-
ou?ai /anai oo?a y ieacaeny ia oieueei aac aeaiaa, ii aua e a aeieao
ia oanouenio aeieea?ia. Aea, y aiieia i?aaenoaaeye naaa naie i?iea-
?uo, ii aue oaea ia a oaeii io/ayiee, eae a i?ioeue ?ac. Iia
i?inoi i?eaeaony iai?aaeoue iiae oe?ia iiaieueoa oaeueoeauo n/a-
oia. Ca ianeieueei neaaeothueo ianyoeaa iiy aoa?a ?ac?ineanue ia-
noieueei, /oi y o/?aaeee aua aeaa iiaenoaaiua eiiiaiee e aeiaeeny
oiai, /oi a aooaaeoa?ee noaee ia o?aaiaaoue iiaeoaa?aeaeaiee ia n/aoa
aei 750 aeieea?ia. Ieeoi ia iio?aaiaae o iaiy iauyniaiee ii iiai-
aeo yoeo eciaiaiee – aaaeue y i?i?aaioae a oe?ia aieaa /a- /^ ^
ou?iaaeoeaoe eao e ioiineeny e /eneo nio?oaeieeia, . *a?ac aiae y caieaoee ca eieeaaeae e eoiee iiaoth
iaoeio – anaai y i?enaiee 75 000 aeieea?ia. Iiiaeny y ia oii, /oi
ai a?aiy i?iaa?ee aoaeeoi?u n?aaieee ?aeaeceou o?ao iieo iiae-
noaaiuo eiiiaiee e iaia?oaeeee, /oi ana iie iieuecothony iaeiei
aaiiaioneei yueeii.

Ii?iee e i?eno?anoey ioiinyony e ooaeoei ec oaeoi?ia, ii-
oeae?othueo iioaiie/anoai. Iu ciaai aeaiuei, eioi?ua ec-ca
oiai, /oi eo aeaoe noaee ia?eiiaiaie e iie ia iiaee aeaeaoue eo
aieaciaiioth i?e ionoonoaee caeuey, oee ia ?ano?aou e
oeuaiey. Iu ciaai e i/aiue iaiaaeaea?ia, eioi-
?ua ia oieueei niaa?oaee ?ano?aou e oeuaiey a naieo oe?iao, ii
e oee ia e?aaee ni aceiiii ?aaee oaeiaeaoai?aiey naiae iio?aaii-
noe a ia?eioeeao. *oiau iiiyoue, ianeieueei aeeao/e iiaeiaiua ii-
?iee, ?anniio?ei aua ianeieueei i?eciaiee.

I?eciaiey aca?oiuo ea?ieia

Aca?oiua ea?u i?eiineee iia ia?iiiia oaeiaeaoai?aiea –
iie auee eo/oa naena, eo/oa ia?eioeeia. Aac ea?u y eniuouaae
ioee, iioiaeea ia eiieo ia?eiiaia.

ss aeaa?aaee?iaae iieiinoueth – ?aaee ea?u ?ano?a/eaae n?aae-
noaa naiae oe?iu, aeaaea ai?iaae ea?iaiiua aeaiueae o oanoeeaoia-
ai nuia.

Eae oieueei y yoei caaieae, iaiy oaea ie/oi ia iiaei inoaii-
aeoue. ss aeaaea aeaeae noaaee ia oi, neieueei iaoei ca aeanyoue ieioo
i?iaaeao /a?ac iino.

Eae oieueei y ieacuaaeny ca ea?oi/iui noieii, ieoe i?iia-
ei – aeaia iiaea oie?aoue aeiia io ?aea, iaiy oaea ie/aai ia eana-
einue.

Eae oieueei y neuoae naenoie ia ia?aue caaaa ia eiiiae?iia,
y ieacuaaeny a naiai nianoaaiiii auiuoeaiiii ie?a, e n iei
ie/oi ia iiaei n?aaieoueny.

ss oe?ae ec aaiee n naoa?ii aeaiueae, ioeiaeaiiua ia ioione, e
ana a?aiy oieueei e aeoiae, eae iiauno?aa ieacaoueny ia eiiiae?i-
ia.

Eae oieueei y i?eoae a naay iinea iia?aoeee (iia au?acaee
aiiaiaeeoeeo), y, oioy e aea aea?aeaeny ia iiaao, naaaeae ec aieueie-
oeu, iaiaee/ee oaeueoeaue /ae e iai?aaeeny i?yii e naiaio aoe-
iaea?o.

ss ieeiaaea ia caaoaeo, eae iiaeioae iinea ?aaiou e aeiio, acaey-
ioe /a?ac ieii ia aeaeouoth iaiy naiueth e ioi?aaeeny naeaeaoue aua
ianeieueei noaaie. Anth aei?iao y ?uaeae, ii ie/aai ia iia n niaie
iiaeaeaoue – y iieiinoueth iioa?ye eiio?ieue iaae niaie.

Anee eoi-oi iiaeao noaueoue ea?iaiiua aeaiueae o oanoeeaoia-
ai ?aaaiea eee naaaeaoue ec aieueieoeu iinea iia?aoeee, oi ii iaaa?-
iyea niiaeao ai?iaaoue o naiae oe?iu e iieoe ia ae?oaea aeaeu ii-
oaiie/anoaa. I/aiue aaeeei eiee/anoai ?ano?ao ii i?e/eiai ae-
eiaieecia, i?eaa?aeaiiinoe e aca?oiui ea?ai e aei?iaei
naenoaeueiui i?eno?anoeyi. Ii naiie oaeaniie yaeyaony iioeaa-
oeey ii i?e/eia ia?eiiaiee. Aio i?eciaiey auaoeo ia?eiiaiia.

I?eciaiey ia?eiiaiia

O ian auei aeaia aeaoae – aei/ea naie eao e oanoeiany/iue

R/–s nui, ii naiui aaaeiui aeey ian auei oeieioueny – eiiaaea
1^__J iu eieieenue 10-15 ?ac a aeaiue.

ss ia/aea aeeoue n ioae/eiie, eioi?ue aue no?aoiui ia?ei-
iaiii. O ian ?iaeeeny ?aaaiie, ii iaoa naycue auno?i ieii/eeanue.
E yoiio iiiaioo y oaea oae i?i/ii auea i?eaycaia e eaea e ao-
oueea, /oi iia auei o?oaeii aeaaea oiaeeoue eaaeaeue aeaiue ia ?aaioo.

ss ?aaioae oi?aaeythuei ioaeaeaieai aaiea. ss oaeii eieieny
a naiae eiioi?a e aeey yoiai ai?iaae aeaiueae naiaai ?aaioiaeaoaey.

Eae-oi a oooeo y iii?iaiaae iiithoaoue aa?iei, neacaa naaa,
/oi iaeei ?acie iiaeii iii?iaiaaoue. Oaea /a?ac ianyoe y ia?aoae ia
aioo?eaaiiua eiuaeoeee. *anoi y /oanoaiaae naay ianoieueei aieue-
iui, /oi ia iia iieacaoueny ia ?aaioa eee naeaeaoue nuio caao?ae.

Eae-oi iaeiaaeaeu aei/ea i?ioyioea ei iia naie ?o/ee, e y ca-
iaoee, /oi iia ianoaaeea ia ieo e?aniua ea?aiaeaoiua oi/ee. – ai?aei cayaeea iia.

Iiy aeaia e y auee aia naay io n/anouey, oaeaeaa iaoaai iiai-
?iaeaeaiiiai nuia – o?aoeeeia?aiiiaiai ieaaeaioea n aieueoeie
aeaceaie e ?iciauie ua/eaie – niaa?oaiii ii?iaeueiui, aua-
eyaeaaoei i/aiue caei?iaaiueeei. Ii iaa iu ciaee, /oi iaoa n/anouea
/a?ac ianeieueei /ania eii/eony – o ?aaaiea aeieaeia ianooieoue eii-
ea. Iu ia oioaee aeinoaaeyoue aio no?aaeaiee ec-ca iaoae iaaoaiie
i?eau/ee. Aianoa n oai iaeuecy auei aeiionoeoue, /oiau a?a/e ocia-
ee, /oi iao ?aaaiie – ianeaaenoaaiiue ia?eiiai, oiaaea aai caaa-
?oo io ian e iiianoyo a niaoeeaeueioth ea/aaieoeo. Iu /oanoaiaaee,
-/oi auai?a o ian iao. Eiaaea iaaenano?a auoea ec iaeaou, y acye iea-
aeaioea ia ?oee e noioe aio iiae ycu/ie oaaeaoeo aa?ieia.

*oiau eiaoue naith aaeaaeiaaioth aeico, y a?inee ?aaioo, noae
ai?iaaoue e a?aaeoue – aeica iaoiaeeeanue iia eaaeaeue aeaiue a iyouenio
aeieea?ia.

Anee ioaeii auei aeinoaoue ia?eioee, aeey iaiy ia nouanoai-
aaei ieeaeeo i?aaeaeia. Ianiio?y ia oi /oi ia aeae y eacaeny i?a-
oniaaathuei aecianiaiii, y caieiaeny iaaaceiiuie e?aaeaie,
aceaiuaae aeiia e ai?iaae oaeaaeci?u, aeaeaiiaaieoioiiu, ae?a-
aioeaiiinoe – ana, /oi iiaeii auei ia?aoeoue a iaee/iinoue aeey iiae-
aea?aeaiey naiae iaaoaiie i?eau/ee.

Oae eae y /anoi auaaea niaa?oaiii aaniiiiuiie, iiae ainue-
ieeaoiae aei/a?e i?eoiaeeeinue auiieiyoue ?ieue oicyeee. Eiaaea y
auea ia a naaa, iia ei?ieea ieaaeoaai a?aoeoeo, iaiyea aio ia-
eaiee, noe?aea. Iia anoaaaea e iaio n?aaee ii/e, eiaaea y auea ia-
noieueei au?oaeaia, /oi aeaaea ia neuoaea aai e?eea. Aioiaeea e oi-
aeeea a iaaacei y i/aiue ?aaeei. Eiiaaea Aeaeaiieoa? i?eoiaeeeinue ai-
oiaeoue a?aoo eaoo ia aiaea, iioiio /oi a aeiia ia auei ie eaiee
iieiea.

Iaeiaaeaeu oo?ii, iaoiaeynue a iieoaanniciaoaeueiii ninoiyiee,
y ane?ue naaa aaiu eooiiiui iiaeii. Oaeaeaa iianthaeo e?iaue, y
i?eoae a naay e a oaeana aucaae iieeoeeth.

Oio, eoi niiniaai ?aaee naiaai iaaoaiiai i?eno?anoey aeiaeeoue
iiae ycue iiai?iaeaeaiiiio oaaeaoeo aa?ieia eee a?aaeoue aeiia, ia-
aa?iyea ia/iao eneaoue niiniau nai?iaaoue o naiaai ?aaioiaeaoaey
eee niaa?oeoue eiua aeaeu iioaiie/anoaa.

Ianiio?y ia oi /oi aieueoeinoai iioaiie/anoa auaatho iioe-
ae?iaaiu aeaaeaieai oeiainiauo ianoiyoaeuenoa eee iaaoaiuie
i?eno?anoeyie, iaeioi?ua eaeoo ia iioaiie/anoai eeoue ^–>\
?aaee oiai, /oiau naanoe n/aou ni naieie ia/aeueieeaie eee IIyy JJ

aua Eai-oi ia ?aaioa. Iioeaaoeeae aeey iiiaeo neo/aaa iioaiie-
/anoaa iineoaeeee oaeea oaeoi?u, eae eaaeouayny iaaeiioeaiea nai-
eo O^aoia, /oanoai iaoaeiaeaoai?aiiinoe io ?aaiou, aiyciue aa ii-
oa?yo^ iaauaea/a i?aieaeueiuo, iuouaiea, /oi oaaa ieaoyo iaiue-
oa, *a]ae ou oiai caneoaeeaaaoue. Aio, iai?eia?, iaeei ec neo/aaa.

*Naith ea?uea?o y ia/ae aooaaeoa?ii a eiiiaiee XYZ. Aoaeo/e
i/aiue ?aeeaeiciui /aeiaaeii, y aiae i?i?aaioae ia aeia?iaieueiuo
ia/aeao a iaeiiia?/aneie i?aaiecaoeee, iaania/eaaaoae ioaeaea-
thueoaeae e?iaii e ieuae. Ec-ca oaeie naiae aeia?aoee e oanoe
eao aacoi?a/iie neoaeau a yoie eiiiaiee iaiy noaee n/eoaoue ni-
^’?OAe*^eii, caneoaeeaathuei iieiiai aeiaa?ey. I?aceaeaio eiiia-
iee XYZ aue o?oaeiaieeeii e n/eoae, /oi ainueie/aniaie ?aai/ee
aeaiue -^ g,pQ ia/oi a?iaea ?aaiou ia iienoaaee. A ?acoeueoaoa y oanoue
eao npggym g naiae aeieaeiinoe, ?aaioay ii 12-14 /ania a nooee e
iieo/ay ca?ieaoo aac anyeeo aeiieao ca ia?a?aaioee. A ia?aua aiaeu
yoe Aeiiieieoaeueiua /anu iaiy ia aieiiaaee – y n/eoae, /oi a
aoaeouai iie ieoiyony noi?eoeae. A ia/aea 1989 a. iaiy iacia/e-
ee ia^aeae^aeaeaeii ioaeaea nauoa. I?i?aaioaa aeaa aiaea a yoie aeieae-
iinoe, y iiiye, /oi 12-14-/aniaie ?aai/ee aeaiue – yoi naiaai ?iaea
noeeue ?aaiou a aeaiiie eiiiaiee. Ooo oaea y ia/ae aeaeaoue i ia?a-
?aaio^aeaeii a?aiaie e ?aoee nin/eoaoue, neieueei eiiiaiey “ca-
aeieae^aea iia” ca oi a?aiy, /oi y i?i?aaioae “aea?ii”, e aician-
oeoue Naith “iaaeiiieo/aiioth ca?ieaoo”. ?aaioay n iaeiei ec eee-
aioia, y iieo/ee io iaai a ea/anoaa “aeaaiaea?iinoe” ca naeaeeo,
iaian(oeoaae oua?a iaoae eiiiaiee ia iieoi?a ieeeeiia aeieea-
?ia, noiio ii?yaeea 80 000 aeieea?ia, eioi?ay, ii iiaio iiaieth,
auea Eiiiainaoeeae ca iie ia?a?aaioee.

^aeei, ii auaaao ana-oaee, /oi iioaiie/anoai iioeae?oaony
e Ae?OAEIE aeaeaie aeaaeaiey, iai?eia? eiaaea ioae (eee aeaia) ia-
noaeaaao (i?yii eee einaaiii) ia aieaa oeea?iii ia?aca aeecie
eee Eiaaea oi/aony aeinaaeeoue anae nenoaia. Iaeei ec iioaiieeia,
iai?e^aea?^ ?ano?aoee aieaa 54 000 aeieea?ia ec-ca oiai, /oi aeaia
iio?aaiaaeny iiaue aeii – iiaieueoa. Iaeia aeaiueia ?ano?aoeea
aieaa 450 000 aeieea?ia ?aaee oiai, /oiau o ioaea auea iiaay ia-
oeia, /oiau ii iia aanoe aieaa oeea?iue ia?ac aeecie e ieoaoue-
ny ae^uoaenaie aianoi aaiao?aa?ia. A aeaaa 5 aoaeao ?anniio?ai
i?eia? iaeiiai ecaanoiiai iuia eiinoeueoaioa ii eiiiuethoa?ai,
eioi?^aeae oaia?ue iiiiaaao e?oiiui eiiiaieyi auyaeyoue e i?a-
aeoi?a^aeaeoue neo/ae eiiiuethoa?iiai iioaiie/anoaa. Ii noae ec-
aanoa^ iioiio, /oi iaeiaaeaeu ii/oanoaiaae a naaa iaiaeieeiia no?ai-
eaiea niaa?oeoue . Eiay aeinooi e aacai
aeaiiuo iaeiie e?oiiie eiiiaiee, ii o iaa ni neeaaea oi-
aa?ia aea iieoi?a ieeeeiia aeieea?ia. ?aciaea/ee aai iaeei ec ia-
iaaeaea?ia ioaeaea iaoa?eaeueiuo ?ano?nia.

^iiaea ec ian a naiae aeecie noaeeeaathony n ?acee/iuie ae-
aeaie aeaaeaiey aiaoieo ianoiyoaeuenoa. Iu iiaeai ieacaoueny a oe-
iainiauo cao?oaeiaieyo, iiaeai ieioi eee ?eneiaaiii ?acianoeoue
naie naa?aaeaiey, iiaeai eiaoue iaaoaiua i?eno?anoey, ia?aooii-
eyouen^ ia ?aaioa eee iuouaoue, /oi iai iaaeiiea/eaatho, iiaeai
auoue ^?inoi aeaaeiuie e oioaoue ana aieueoaai e aieueoaai. *anoi
AAaAeO! auaaao o?oaeii ?acee/eoue, /aai iai i?inoi oi/aony, a /oi
L^–^1 iai aeaenoaeoaeueii iaiaoiaeeii. Aea, aeaenoaeoaeueii, a ea-

ieoaeenoe/aneii iauanoaa oeaeue aieueoeinoaa ethaeae – noaoue ai-
aaoui. Noaiaiue oniaoa iu ecia?yai oai, ianeieueei aiaao oio eee
eiie /aeiaae, neieueei o iaai aeaiaa. Anee au aiai?eoa, /oi aao
aeyaey i/aiue i?aoniaaaao, oi /oi oai naiui au aeaaoa iiiyoue? Nei-
?aa anaai oi, /oi ii aeeaao a aieueoii aeiia, /oi o iaai anoue caai?iae-
iay aeeea, /oi o iaai aei?iaay iaoeia e /oi o iaai anoue aeaiueae ia
ana, /aai ii oieueei ie iiaeaeaao.

Aeey iaeioi?uo aeinoe/ue oniaoa aieaa aaaeii, /ai auoue /ano-
iui. Anee ei i?aaeeiaeeoue ?aniieiaeeoue /aeiaa/aneea ea/anoaa a
ii?yaeea oauaaiey eo cia/eiinoe, oi no?aieaiea aeinoe/ue oniaoa
aoaeao noiyoue ai?acaei auoa no?aieaiey auoue /anoiui. Ineoieiae
caaa?ytho, /oi o iiaeaaeythuaai aieueoeinoaa ec ian, anee ia o anao,
/anoiinoue eiaao naith oeaio. *oiau noaoue ia/anoiuie, ethaeyi n
aieueoie /anoiinoueth e iaaieueoeie aiciiaeiinoyie o?aaoaony,
/oiau ia ieo ieacuaaeinue neeueiia aeaaeaiea. Iiiaea ec ian iiaoo
?aciuoeyoue i oao ianoiyoaeuenoaao, a eioi?uo iu niiaee au iieoe
ia iioaiie/anoai. Anee, iai?eia?, iaoe aeaoe aoaeoo aieiaeaoue, a
iu aoaeai ?aaioaoue oai, aaea i?eieiaaony e ia o/eouaaaony ouaoaeue-
ii iaee/iinoue, i?e/ai iai aoaeao eacaoueny, /oi iu niiaeai /a?ac
iaeioi?ia a?aiy aicianoeoue noiiu, acyoua ec eannu, /oiau ia ai-
eiaeaee iaoe aeaoe, oi e iu niiaee au niaa?oeoue iioaiie/anoai.
*anoiaeoee Aa?aoai Eeieieuei iaeiaaeaeu auoau?ioe ec eaaeia-
oa /aeiaaea, i?aaeeiaeeaoaai aio aieueooth acyoeo. Eiaaea aai ni?i-
neee, /ai yoi ii oae auaaaeai ec naay. Eeieieuei ioaaoee: ssnii
iaeii: oaeaeaiea ec o?aoaieueieea iioaiie/anoaa oaeoi?a aeaaea-
iey aiaoieo ianoiyoaeuenoa noiaeii n yooaeoii oaeaeaiey oaeoi?a
aunieie oaiia?aoo?u ec iiaea?iiai o?aoaieueieea. ?aaeei iiaeii
ano?aoeoue aeo iioaiie/anoaa, aaea au ia i?enoonoaiaaei aeaaeaiea
aiaoieo ianoiyoaeuenoa.

?aniiciaaaiea iioaiie/anoaa e iaiaia aiciiaeii ia ?aciuo
o?iaiyo. Auaaao, /oi eiaeue ieacuaaaony ?aciaea/aiiie aua aei
oiai, eae /aeiaae ?ane?uaaao ?io. Yoi oae iacuaaaiue iaaa?aaeue-
iue o?iaaiue iauaiey, aeeth/athuee a naay ieieeo, aeanou, iee-
?iaeaeaeaiey e aiaoiea i?iyaeaiey aeayoaeueiinoe aioo?aiieo i?-
aaiia.

Aoi?ie o?iaaiue, ia eioi?ii i?ienoiaeeo auyaeaiea iaiaia, –
aa?aaeueiue, aeeth/athuee a naay eae eiae/aneee aiaeec iieo/ai-
iie eioi?iaoeee, oae e niioianaiea i?ieciineiuo neia n neaia-
eaie iaaa?aaeueiiai o?iaiy.

?acaa?ai ioaeaeueii yoe iioiee eioi?iaoeee a ieaia aiciiae-
iiai auyaeaiey eaee e onoaiiaeaiey i?aaaeu.

1. Ieieea

N aeaaieo ii? ethaee iuoaeenue ii ieieea aeaeaoue auaiaeu i iun-
eyo /aeiaaea. N/eoaeinue, /oi iniaaiii iieioth e i?aaaeeaoth ei-
oi?iaoeeth i iaia?aieyo /aeiaaea iiaoo aeaoue iaaethaeaiey ca aai
aeacaie. Aio eae iienuaaao Aiaeueyia Ioaa/aaa iieiaeie A?eiaa
a iiaanoe A. N. Iooeeia : <...aeeaua aieue- oea aeaca oae e aaaaee. eeoei aai eiaei au aeiaieueii i yoiia ii ieooianeia>.

Oaeei ia?acii, aaaathuea aeaca n/eoaeenue i?eciaeii
iaene?aiiinoe e neeiiiinoe e iaiaio.

Aae?oaiiianoa A?eiaa aiai?eo: .

Caeanue iiae?acoiaaaaony, /oi i?euo?aiiue acaeyae /aua niio-
aaonoaoao oaeie /a?oa oa?aeoa?a, eae oeo?inoue eee ianiaoee-
ainoue.

A ?onneii ycuea aiiaua iiiai niaoeeaeueiuo au?aaeaiee, nay-
caiiuo n aeacaie e icia/athueo oi eee eiia ineoieiae/aneia ni-
noiyiea.

Oae, iaeiie ec eioa?i?aoaoeee au?aaeaiee oeia eee yaeyaony . Ethaee aeaaii oaea auaaee oi?-
ioeo , e iiyoiio, iaiaiuaay, iie einoei-
eoeaii noa?athony yoi ca?eaei ni?yoaoue. Ionthaea aicieeei au?a-
aeaiea , eioi?ia i?eiaiyaony a oao
neo/ayo, eiaaea oioyo iieacaoue, /oi /aeiaae aaaeao naay iaene?ai-
ia eee aieony ?aciaea/aiey iaiaia. A oi aea a?aiy au?aaeaiey
eee yaey-
thony ii/oe neiiieiaie /enoina?aea/iinoe e ene?aiiinoe.

I?e yoii iaaei iiiieoue, /oi, ianiio?y ia ana naia iiiaiia?a-
cea, ieieea ana aea aaaeiaa oe?i/aeoae iaeeo?u /aeiaa/aneeo
iuneae e ia?aaeeaaiee, a cia/eo, iaeii e oi aea au?aaeaiea iiaeao
niioaaonoaiaaoue ?acee/iui aeooaaiui ninoiyieyi. Aicueiai, ia-
i?eia?, oaeia au?aaeaiea, eae . Iii eiaao ianeieueei oieeiaaiee.

Ai-ia?auo, yoi au?aaeaiea oeo?inoe. Iai?eia?: ).

Ai-aoi?uo, oaeay ieieea iiaeao icia/aoue i?ac?aiea, iaaei-
aieuenoai eee ?acae?aaeaiea: (A.-*aoia. ).

A-o?aoueeo, noaeaiiua aeaca iiaoo niioaaonoaiaaoue iaaeiaa?/e-
aiio ninoiyieth /aeiaaea: (A. *aoia. ).

Yoe i?eia?u, acyoua ec eieae A. A. Aeeoeia e ae?. , aeieacuaatho, /oi i?aaeeueiia oieeiaa-
iea aeooaaiuo ia?aaeeaaiee /aeiaaea aiciiaeii oieueei ia inii-
aaiee aiaeeca niaieoiiinoe anae aai ieieee, aeanoia, oaia?a ai-
eina, ?eoia aeuoaiey e ae?oaeo iaaa?aaeueiuo neaiaeia.

N oi/ee c?aiey aiaoiiee e oeceieiaee iao i?aai c?aiey ni-
noieo ec iioe/aneie nenoaiu e aniiiiaaoaeueiiai aiia?aoa. Ecia-
iaiey aeac, i eioi?uo iu aiai?eee auoa, ioiinyony e aniiiiaa-
oaeueiiio aiia?aoo – iuooeai, oi?aaeythuei aeaeaeaieyie aeac-
iuo yaeie e aae. Eie /aeiaae iiaeao oi?aaeyoue ii nianoaaiiiio
aeaeaieth, a neaaeiaaoaeueii, iaiaiooue ae?oaiai. Iioe/aneay aea nen-
oaia ia iiae/eiyaony niciaieth e ?aaioaao a aaoiiaoe/aneii ?aaee-
ia. Iai?eia?, aeeaiao? c?a/ea ?aoeaeoi?ii iaiyaony a caaeneii-
noe io o?iaiy inaauaiiinoe e oiiona aaaaoaoeaiie ia?aiie nenoa-
7-?] iu. Anee /aeiaae eniuouaaao aieue, oi iiae aeaenoaeai
L 58 J 1 aae?aiaeeia c?a/ee ?anoe?ythony. Aeaiiay neooaoeey iaua-

?uaaeanue a oeeueia , iinayuaiiii eaaaiaea?ii-
io ?aaiethoeeiia?o Eaii.

Aoaeo/e ca a?aieoeae, ii ieacaeny a iieeoeee. Oea?neia i?aae-
oaeuenoai o?aaiaaei aai auaea/e, a ?innee aio a?iceea nia?oiay
eaciue. Oiaaea ii i?eoai?eeny noianoaaeoei, oiiaay ia oi, /oi aieue-
iiai /aeiaaea ia auaeaaeoo ia aa?ioth nia?oue. *oiau iieacaoue naith
iaaiaiyaiinoue, Eaii neioee?iaae iieioth iioa?th /oanoaeoaeue-
iinoe. Ii niia iaiaiooue iiiaeo iiuoiuo a?a/ae, e aio inoaaa-
eanue iineaaeiyy yenia?oeca o ciaiaieoiai iaiaoeeiai ineoeao?a.
Yoio i?ioanni? a ea/anoaa caeeth/eoaeueiiai yenia?eiaioa i?eaeaa
aio ?oeo ai?y/ei iaoaeee/aneei i?ooii. Eaii eniuouaae no?ao-
ioth aieue, ii ie/ai ia i?iyaee naieo no?aaeaiee. Oai ia iaiaa c?a/-
ee o iaai ?anoe?eeenue. Ii oeeueio, noa?ue i?ioanni? caiaoee
yoi e iiiye, /oi oaeoe/anee iuoae ?aneaeaiiui aeaeacii ia aan-
/oanoaaiiiai noianoaaeoaai, a ii?iaeueiiai /aeiaaea. Eniuouaay
/oanoai ?aneayiey, ii ia auaeae Eaii.

Ii iiaieth a?aaneiai ioae?aoea Aaae-a?-?aoiaia Eai-Ian?, aa-
oi?a o?aeoaoa , iiaeic?aiea aeanoeoaey aeie-
aeai aucuaaoue oio, eoi, ia aeaaeay niaie, aae?oa ia/eiaao aeaaeiaoue
e e?aniaoue, naeaouaaoue nethio, caeonuaaoue ieaeithth aoao, niiou-
eaoueny i?e oiaeueaa, iaeeueii iioaoue, iyoue e?ay iaeaaeae, aiai?eoue
naea/eai, i?eieiaoueny /oi-oi aeaeaoue niiaa e niiaa, ia aeiaiaey aeaea
aei eiioea. Oaeie /aeiaae yaii niaa?oee /oi-oi i?aaeinoaeeoaeueiia.
Anee aeaei eanaaony iaeiaeieoeu eee oao, a /ueai aaaeaiee iaoiaeyo-
ny aaea e ieouea aeanoeoaey, oi iiaeic?aaaoue ioaeii, /oi iie /oi-oi
naeaeaee aeey io?aaeaiey naiaai ainiiaeeia, e iaaei o/eieoue niio-
aaonoaothuaa aeiciaiea.

Yoi iaaethaeaiea i?eaiaeeo a naiae eieaa A. Eaiaoaiei. Oai aea ii ?anneacuaaao, eae noeoai Aao-Oai-
io ianoaaeye naiaai nuia, niaaooy aio, eae auynieoue, eoi ec i?e-
aeeaeaiiuo enoeiii ethaeo naiaai aeanoeoaey, a eoi i?eoai?yaony.
Aeey yoiai iaaei neaaeeoue ca oai, eae iie ?aaae?otho ia eanathueany
i?aaeoaey ieioea e oi?ioea niiauaiey. ?aniieiaeaiiue e naia-
io aeanoaeeio /aeiaae caneyao io ?aaeinoe, oneuoaa aeia?oth ii-
ainoue. Iaiaaeaeyuee naiaai ainiiaeeia aueaaeao i?e yoii iaaieue-
iia iai?/aiea. Oai ia iaiaa ia iniiaaiee eco/aiey ieieee /aei-
aaea o?oaeii aeaeaoue ieii/aoaeueiua auaiaeu, a iiaeii eeoue no?ieoue
aieaa eee iaiaa aeinoiaa?iua aeiaaaeee. Ia yoii ienae AEai aea Eaa-
?thea? a naieo : .

A aio eae eniieuecoao ciaiea iaaa?aaeueiie eioi?iaoeee aa?ie
?iiaia A. Aethia a?ao Iiioa-E?enoi aeey auyniaiey enoeiiie i?e-
/eiu naieo ceieeth/aiee. Iiae aeaeii nayuaiieea ii ?acuneeaa-
ao naiaai noa?iai ciaeiiiai Eaae?onna e auni?aoeaaao aai i niau-
oeyo aeaaii ieioaoeo aeiae.

.

Ec yoiai io?uaea iu iiaeai ii/a?iiooue iiiai eioa?aniie ei-
oi?iaoeee. Oae, nia/aea Eaae?onn e?aniaao io nouaea, oae eae ii
i?aaeae eiaaea-oi Aeaioana, a oaia?ue iacuaaao aai eo/oei ae?oaii.
Caeanue ?oiyiaoe icia/aao niouaiea e aieiaiea.

Iioii, ociaa i aeaaee oiaa?eua, ii aeaaeiaao io no?aoa ia?aae
niaeayiiui. A?ao Iiioa-E?enoi, ne?uaaaoeeny iiae ee/eiie eoa-
eueyineiai aaaaoa, eiia/ii aea aac o?oaea i?i/eoae yoe ia?aaeeaa-
iey a aeooa Eaae?onna.

Aeaenaiae? Aethia ieoao, /oi , ii aiciiae-
ia e ae?oaay eioa?i?aoaoeey aeaiiiai yaeaiey – ?anoe?aiea c?a/-
eia o aaaaoa auei naycaii n aeoeaecaoeeae neiiaoe/aneie ia?aiie
nenoaiu, eiathuae ianoi i?e neeueiii aieiaiee. E iaioae?aii: a
yoio iiiaio Yaeiii Aeaioan iaaeayeny ociaoue oaeio naiaai /aou?-
iaaeoeaoeeaoiaai caoi/aiey a caiea Eo!

2. AEanou

Eae iu oaea oiiieiaee a aeaaa 4, neacaiiay eiaeue iiaeao ni-
i?iaiaeaeaoueny oa?aeoa?iuie aeanoaie. Oae, aeano iaeaieaa io/aoeeai au?aaeai o iaeaiueeeo aeaoae, ii ii eiaao
ianoi e o ac?ineuo, i?aaaea a aeaeieciaiaiiie oi?ia: a aeaea i?e-
einiiaaiey e oaieeai aoa eee iino. Naiui eioi?iaoeaiui caeanue
yaeyaony ia?aiia/aeueiue eiioeuen-aeaeaeaiea a iai?aaeaiee ?oa,
eioi?ue io?aaeaao aeaoneia aeaeaiea i?ee?uoue onoa, i?ieciinyuea
eiaeue. Aeeai Iec ieoao:

Ae?oaie ineoieia, Aeaniiiae Ii??en, caiaoee, /oi eiaeue aucu-
aaao coaeyuaa iuouaiea a iaaeiuo iuoa/iuo oeaiyo eeoea e oae,
e o?aaoaony ii/anuaaiea, /oiau oniieieoue yoe iuouaiey. Aic-
iiaeii, eiaiii iiyoiio iaeioi?ua ethaee iooyaeaatho ai?ioie/ie
?oaaoee, eiaaea iie eaoo e iiaeic?aaatho, /oi eo iaiai ?ane?uo.

Aeeai Iec caaeaao aii?in: Eae i?aaeei, ioaao ia yoio aii?in io?eoeaoaeueiue, eai a

yoii neo/aa /aeiaaea auaeaao ionoonoaea eiia?oyioiinoe (iieiiai
niioaaonoaey) iaaeaeo aeanoaie, iee?ineaiaeaie i?aaiecia e nea-
caiiuie neiaaie.

Iai?eia?, ?ane?uoua eaaeiie annioeee?othony n /anoiinoueth, ii
eiaaea iaiaiuee ?ane?uaaao aai naie iauyoey e oeuaaaony, iaeii-
a?aiaiii aiai?y eiaeue, iee?ineaiaeu aai i?aaiecia auaeaaeoo aai
iioaeiua iunee. Yoi iiaeao auoue ene?eaeaiea eeoeaauo iuooe,
?anoe?aiea eee noaeaiea c?a/eia, enia?eia ia eao, ?oiyiaoe ia
uaeao, o/auaiiia ii?aaiea e iiiaeanoai ae?oaeo iaeeeo aeanoia,
neaiaeece?othueo ia iaiaia. Enneaaeiaaiey n i?eiaiaieai caiaae-

e–.s eaiiie eeiinuaiee iieacaee, /oi yoe iee?iaeanou i?iya-
[[60JJ eythony oieueei aeieth naeoiaeu, e caiaoeoue eo iiaoo eee nia-

oeeaeenou ii eiiioieeaoeee, eee ethaee n oi?ioi ?acaeoie eiooe-
oeeae. Oai ia iaiaa aieueoeinoai ec ian ia iiaeniciaoaeueiii o?ia-
ia iiaoo caia/aoue ianiioaaonoaea iaaeaeo aa?aaeueiie e iaaa?aaeue-
iie eioi?iaoeeae, e i?iaeaia ninoieo eeoue a iniciaiee e eioa?-
i?aoaoeee aeaiiiai oaeoa.

A iaeioi?uo neo/ayo i?eoiaeeony niaoeeaeueii iao/aoue ycueo
oaea aeey aeinoeaeaiey aeaaii?eyoiiai aia/aoeaiey. Iai?eia?, i?e
iiaeaioiaea e eiieo?nai e?aniou ca caaiea Ienn Aia?eea eee
Ienn Anaeaiiay eaaeaeay o/anoieoea iao/aaony oaeei aeaeaeaieyi
oaea, eioi?ua eceo/atho oaieioo e ene?aiiinoue. *ai n aieueoei
ianoa?noaii o/anoieoea eiieo?na niiaeao iiaeaaaoue yoe neaiaeu,
oai aieueoa i/eia iia iieo/eo io noaeae. Iiiaea iieeoeee yaey-
thony iiuoiuie niaoeeaeenoaie a iaeanoe eiie?iaaiey ycuea oaea
e eniieuecotho yoi aeey oiai, /oiau aeiaeoueny ?aniieiaeaiey naieo
ecae?aoaeae e canoaaeoue eo iiaa?eoue naiei ?a/ai.

3. Aeaoaeoi? eaee

Iiae oa?ieiii aieueoeinoai ethaeae iiieiatho
i?eai?, niiniaiue ia iniiaaiee ?aaeno?aoeee iieacaoaeae oece-
ieiae/aneeo ooieoeee ii?aaeaeeoue, eiaaea /aeiaae eaeao, a eiaaea
aiai?eo i?aaaeo. Ia naiii aeaea ana ianoieo cia/eoaeueii neiaeiaa.
Ai-ia?auo, aieueoeinoai niaoeeaeenoia ecaaaatho iacaaiey , i?aaeii/eoay aieaa iaeo?aeueiue oa?iei (io
neia e , oeacuaathueo, /oi
oi?ioee caienuaathuee i?eai? aeieaeai iaeiia?aiaiii ?aaeno?e-
?iaaoue iiiaeanoai oeceieiae/aneeo iieacaoaeae), a ai-aoi?uo,
oae iacuaaaiue aeaoaeoi? eaee ii?aaeaeyao aiana ia o?iaaiue i?aa-
aeu a ioaaoa, a noaiaiue aieiaiey i?iaa?yaiiai /aeiaaea, /oi eeoue
einaaiii naycaii n aai ene?aiiinoueth.

Enoi?ey iiiuoie auyaeyoue iaiai ia iniiaa eco/aiey oecei-
eiae/aneeo ?aaeoeee ooiaeeo naieie ei?iyie aeaeaei a i?ioeia.
Iaeaieaa ae?aaiea naeaeaoaeuenoaa oiiieiathony a ae?aaiaeeoaeneeo
o?iieeao. Aieaa o?ao ouny/ eao iacaae iiaeic?aaaaiiio a i?anooi-
eaiee aeaaaee nuanoue ai?noue nooiai iaaa?aiiai ?ena. N/eoaeinue, /oi
oieueei iaaeiiaiue /aeiaae niiniaai auiieieoue aeaiioth i?ioeaaeo-
?o, a o aeiiaiiai a i?anooieaiee ana ai ?oo ia?anioiao io no?aoa.

Aeaiiue iaoiae aeaenoaeoaeueii iaoiaeeo naia iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea a
nia?aiaiiie oeceieiaee, oae eae a ninoiyiee no?aoa aicaoaeaea-
aony i?aeiouanoaaiii neiiaoe/aneee ioaeae ia?aiie nenoaiu, ei-
oi?ue oiaiueoaao eiee/anoai nethiu e iiauoaao aa ayceinoue.
Aaeeinoaaiiie yaeyaony oi, /oi neiiaoe/aneay ia?aiay
nenoaia aeoeae?oaony e o iaaeiiaiiai, eioi?ue iianaaony iacan-
eoaeaiiiai iaeacaiey.

Ae?oaie neo/ae auyniaiey enoeiu aeaaiaea?y ciaieth oecei-
eiaee i?eienuaatho ciaiaieoiio eaea?th Eai Neia, aieaa ecaano-
iiio a Aa?iia’ iiae eiaiai Aaeoeaiia. Ii yeiau auea/ee io oaiae-
?u e aieacie oea?neiai nuia, i?iaaaey ia?aae iei anao i?eaeai?iuo
e?anaaeoe e a i?yiii niunea aea?aea ?oeo ia ioeuena o /aoiouaai
ii iaecaanoiie i?e/eia thiioe. I?e/eia ieacaeanue aanueia aa-
iaeueiie. Eiaaea iaeia ec aeaaooae i?ioiaeeea ieii i?eioea, aai ioeuen
o/anoeeny, /oi, eiia/ii aea, auei caia/aii aaeeeei a?a/ii. THii-
oa iieo/ee aicethaeaiioth, i eioi?ie aei yoiai acaeuoae, a /,–e
Eai Neia – aiii?a?. LL^-JJ

Eoaeueyineee e?eieiaeeno *aca?a Eiia?ici aia?aua iiiu-
oaeny iiaeaanoe iao/ioth aaco iiae iiaeiaiua iaoiaeu. A eiioea i?i-
oeiai aaea ii ia/ae ecia?youe o iiaeic?aaaaiuo aeaaeaiea e?iae, a
oi a?aiy eae eo aeii?aoeaaea iieeoeey, e ooaa?aeaeae, /oi iiaeao
ii?aaeaeeoue, eiaaea iie eaoo. Iicaeiaa ae?oaie o/aiue, Aaionne, aun-
eacae iuneue, /oi oeaiioth eioi?iaoeeth i iiiuoeao iaiaia iiaeao
oaeaea aeaoue oa?aeoa? aeuoaiey. Ii ooaa?aeaeae, /oi iinea eaaeaeiai
aii?ina, aucaaaoaai ninoiyiea iai?yaeaiiinoe, neaaeoao ei?ioeee
. Ii ianoiyuoth ?aaiethoeeth a yoii aii?ina i?i-
ecaae a 20-o aiaeao aia?eeaiaoe Eaiia?ae Eeea? ec aeaia?oaiaioa ii-
eeoeee Eaeeoi?iee, eioi?ue aia?aua i?aaieciaae ianniaia i?i-
ecaiaenoai e i?iaeaaeo iieea?aoia, iacaaiiuo n eaaeie ?oee aacao-
/eeia . (I?aaaea, anoue naaaeaiey, /oi yoio oa?iei
aia?aua i?eiaiee aua aeey noeaiia?aoia – i?eai?ia aeey ecia-
?aiey e?iayiiai aeaaeaiey – aia?eeaineee ineoieia e th?eno Ae-
eueyi Ia?noii.)

Oae eee eia/a, ii i?eai? Eaiia?aea Eeea?a n?aco aea iieo/ee
a?iieoth e iaiiiai neaiaeaeueioth neaao. Aiiaua-oi ?ac?aaioeo e oe-
?ieia i?eiaiaiea iieea?aoia a neaaenoaaiiie i?aeoeea aia?aua ia-
/ae ioeoea? iieeoeee Aeae. Ea?nii, ii any neaaa aeinoaeanue aai o/aie-
eo E. Eeea?o, eioi?ue ia oieueei oniaa?oainoaiaae aeaoeua naiaai
iaiaa oaea/eeaiai eieeaae, ii e ?ac?aaioae ia?aoth iaoiaeeeo en-
iuoaiee ia aeaoaeoi?a eaee, a caoai iniiaae ia?aoth oe?io aeey na-
?eeiiai auionea iieea?aoia e oeieo aeey iao/aiey iia?aoi?ia.

Ia?aua iieea?aou Eeea?a ?aaeno?e?iaaee iieacaoaee aeuoa-
iey, ioiineoaeueiiai aeaaeaiey e?iae e yeaeo?e/aneie aeoeaiinoe
eiaee. Caeanue ioaeii ioiaoeoue, /oi ie iaeei ec yoeo iieacaoaeae a
ioaeaeueiinoe iaeuecy aeinoaoi/ii oaa?aiii naycuaaoue n niciaoaeueiie
eiaeueth. Ooo aaaeai oieueei aanue eo eiiieaen, acyoue n o/aoii eiaee-
aeaeoaeueiuo iniaaiiinoae ianeaaeoaiiai /aeiaaea. Yoi nei?aa eneon-
noai, /ai iaoea, iiyoiio aeaeaei ia ana iieea?aoa?u (niaoeeaeenou
ii ) aeiaeaathony aia/aoeythueo oniaoia.

Eae ieoao Aeaeaein Oynnao, iau/ii aeii?in i?iaiaeeony a nii-
eieiii, i?inoi ianoaaeaiiii iiiauaiee. Iieea?aoa? niiauaao
naiae aea?oaa, /oi aeaoaeoi? eaee – yoi iao/iue i?eai?, i?aaeiac-
ia/aiiue aeey caiene oeceieiae/aneeo ?aaeoeee. Ii iiae/a?ee-
aaao, /oi aaciaaeaaeii iuoaoueny iaiaiooue iaoeio, e niaaooao ii-
aeic?aaaaiiio aeieacaoue naith iaaeiiaiinoue, ?anneacaa ana, /oi aio
ecaanoii ii nouanoao aeaea. Caoai ii ianoaeaeaao n /aeiaaeii enoi-
?eth aai aeecie, au?aaeay aio ni/oanoaea ii iiaiaeo ethauo i?i-
oeuo i?anooieaiee, iiae/a?eeaay ia i?ioyaeaiee anae aanaaeu, /oi
eaeeainoue – yoi ooaeoay oi?ia enii?/aiiinoe. Yoi iiaeao iiea-
caoueny ii/oe eiie/iui, ii oiio, eoi oiaei aeii?aoeaaao, i/aiue
o?oaeii i?ioeainoiyoue.

Ia yoii yoaia aanaaeu iieea?aoa? aianoa n iiaeic?aaaaiui oi?-
ioee?oao ieiei aethaeeiu aii?inia aeey i?iaaaeaiey naiiai oanoa
ii aeaoaeoeee eaee. Iaeioi?ua ec ieo eeoaiu yiioeeiiaeueiie ie-
?anee (iai?eia?, ), ae?oaea yiioeeiiaeue-
iu, ii ia eiatho ioiioaiey e aeaiiiio i?anooieaieth (iai?eia?,
o /aeiaaea, iiaeic?aaaaiiai a oaeenoaa, iiaoo ni?ineoue, oiio?aa-
,A-,S eye ee ii eiaaea-ieaoaeue ia?eioeee), a o?aouee iaiin?aae’
[[62 JJ noaaiii naycaiu n i?anooieaieai, i eioi?ii eaeao ?a/ue.

I?e yoii i?aaeiieaaaaony, /oi iaaeiiaiue aoaeao ?aaae?iaaoue
iaeeiaeiai ia ana aii?inu, iaaeiythuea aai a /ai-eeai iacaeii-
iii, aeiiaiue aea aoaeao neeueiaa ?aaae?iaaoue ia aii?inu, eanath-
ueany aai i?anooieaiey.

Yoa i?aaeaa?eoaeueiay aanaaea aeeeony ieiei /ana, e iieea?ao aua
ia iiaeeeth/aaony. Iaeioi?ua iiaeic?aaaaiua oae neeueii ia?aie/a-
tho ec-ca oa?icu aai aeeth/aiey, /oi i?eciathony a i?anooieaiee oaea
a yoio, iiaeaioiaeoaeueiue, ia?eiae. Anee i?eciaiea ia iieo/aii, ai-
ia?ao aeeth/aaony e neaaeoao aeaiiino?aoeey aiciiaeiinoae aeaoaeoi-
?a eaee. Iiaeic?aaaaiiio i?aaeeaaaaony iaiaiooue i?eai?, caaaaeaa
/enei eee caiiiiea iaeio ea?oo ec oeaeie eieiaeu. Caoai aio iinea-
aeiaaoaeueii i?aaeuyaeythony /enea (ea?ou) e i?e iiiiue aeaoaeoi?a
eaee ioaaaeuaatho aai auai?. Yoi canoaaeyao eniuooaiiai aua aieue-
oa aieiiaaoueny ii iiaiaeo oao aauae, eioi?ua ii oioae au ne?uoue.

Iinea yoiai ia/eiaaony nai oano. Anee anoue eaeea-oi naaaeaiey,
ecaanoiua oieueei iieeoeee e, anoanoaaiii, i?anooiieeo, i?iaiaeeo-
ny oano n . Iai?eia?, anee auea oe?aaea-
ia ii?aaeaeaiiay noiia aeaiaa, oi iiaeii ni?ineoue: Anee aa?iay
oeeo?a, i?aaeiieiaeei, 127, oi eaioa iieea?aoa iaia?oaeeo o ae-
iiaiiai ia?anoaiea i?eciaeia o?aaiae ii ia?a i?eaeeaeaiey e
yoie oeeo?a, a caoai ?anneaaeaiea ii ia?a oaeaeaiey io iaa. Eee
iiaeii ni?ineoue: Anee i oii, /oi i?o-
aeeai oaeenoaa aue iiae aeey aoiaae, ciatho oieueei oaeeoea e iiee-
oeey, oi o iaaeiiaiiai ?aaeoeey ia yoi neiai ia aoaeao ioee/aoueny io
?aaeoeee ia ae?oaea aa?iyoiua i?oaeey oaeenoaa.

Iaeiaei eniieuecoy aeaoaeoi? eaee, ioaeii iinoiyiii iiiieoue, /oi
yiioeeiiaeueiua ?aaeoeee iiaeic?aaaaiiai iiaoo eiaoue aeoaeiiua
i?e/eiu, ne?uoua io neaaeiaaoaey e ia eiathuea ie/aai iauaai n
i?aaeiieaaaaiui i?anooieaieai. Ia yoii naeaeaoaeuenoaoao iaeei neo-
/ae, i?iecioaaeoee a Eaieia?aaea a 70-a aiaeu. Oiaaea eaieia?aaeneay
ieeeoeey oieueei /oi i?eia?aea ia?aue iieea?ao e iuoaeanue aia-
ae?eoue aai a i?aeoe/aneoth ?aaioo. Ii iiaeic?aieth a ecianeeiaaiee
e oaeenoaa aue caaea?aeai iaeei /aeiaae, eioi?ue iaoiaeeeny aaeece
ianoa i?anooieaiey. Ii eaoaai?e/anee io?eoeae naith i?e/anoiinoue
a i?anooieaiee, ii ?yae einaaiiuo oeee naeaeaoaeuenoaiaae i?ioea
iaai. Oae eae oaeenoai auei inouanoaeaii a iiaeaaea aeiia, iia?a-
oi? iieea?aoa ia/ae ia?a/eneyoue iiaeic?aaaaiiio ?acee/iua ia-
noa a ai?iaea: ia?e, iiaeai?ioiy, aeai?, neaa? e oae aeaeaa, a eiaaea ii
aeioae aei iiaeaaea, iieea?ao iieacae neeueiaeooth ineoiyiioeei-
iaeueioth ?aaeoeeth. Eo/oaai iiaeoaa?aeaeaiey i?iieoeaoaeueiinoe aea-
oaeoi?a eaee o?oaeii auei i?eaeoiaoue. Yoiai /aeiaaea ia
aeii?inao, e ii niciaeny a niaa?oaiiii i?anooieaiee.

Iaeiaei /a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy ianoiyuee ianeeueiee e oaee-
oea aue iaeaeai, e oiaaea anoae aii?in: /oi aea oae acaieiiaaei ia?-
aiai iiaeic?aaaaiiai? Ieacaeinue, /oi, aoaeo/e iaeue/eeii, a aei-
eaaeiii Eaieia?aaea ii iiiae iiae aiiaaaeeo e ieacaeny caaaeai-
iui a iaeiii ec iiaeaaeia. Oai ii i?ineaeae aeaia nooie, iiea ia aue
aucaieai nianaoaeyie. No?ao oaiiiou e aiyciue iiaeaaeia inoaeenue
o iaai ia anth aeeciue. A ia ciaaoee yoiai niaoeeaeeno, ia- ,’,–,
neoaeeaathuee aeaoaeoi? eaee, naeaeae iai?aaeeueiue auaiae. 1^3

Aia?eeaioeu oiaea iiae/a?eeaatho, /oi iaaeaaeiinoue naaaeaiee, ii-
eo/aiiuo i?e iiiiue iieea?aoia, ia i/aiue auniea, o/eouaay
noieue aeaeeeaoioth iaeanoue eo i?eiaiaiey, eae e?eieiaeenoeea.
Noaoenoeea aiaiiie iieeoeee NOA aiai?eo i neaaeothuai. Ec 4622
/aeiaae, i?ioaaeoeo oanou ia aeaoaeoi?a eaee, 1302, ii caeeth/a-
ieth iieea?aoa?a, auee aeiiaiu a ?acee/iuo i?anooieaieyo. Ii-
caeiaa 53% ec ieo i?eciaeenue. A ioiioaiee 20% iaaeiaiea auei
iiaeoaa?aeaeaii aeiiieieoaeueiuie naaaeaieyie. Iaeiaei a 28% neo-
/aaa aeiiaiinoue ia auea aeieacaia. Aa?iyoii, ii e?aeiae ia?a ia-
eioi?ua ec yoeo ethaeae auee aeaenoaeoaeueii aeiiaiu a i?anooiea-
ieyo. Ii neieueei iaaeiiuo ethaeae ia iniiaaiee yoeo oanoia iiaeaa?-
aaeenue aeaeueiaeoei iai?eyoiinoyi, aeii?inai e aeaaea oth?aiiiio
caeeth/aieth? Yoiai iu ieeiaaea ia ociaai. Ec oao, eoi aue ii?aa-
aeai ii oanoai, 2,3% auee iicaea inoaeaeaiu ia iniiaaiee ae?oaeo
aeieacaoaeuenoa. A neieueei aeiiaiuo auei auiouaii ia naiaiaeo ec-
ca oiai, /oi aeaoaeoi? eaee iauyaee eo iaaeiiaiuie? Yoi oiaea ia-
ecaanoii.

E oai ia iaiaa iieea?aou oe?iei i?eiaiythony ia i?aeoe-
ea. A 1972 aiaeo ieiei 25% anao oe?i a NOA i?aaeeiaeeee /anoe
naieo noa?uo eee aiiaue iinooiathuei nio?oaeieeai i?ieoe oan-
oe?iaaiea ia aeaoaeoi?a eaee. Ii aeaiiui aacaou , ca oio
aiae auei i?iaaaeaii ieiei 400 ouny/ oaeeo oanoia. Ii aieaa ii-
caeiae ioeaiea, iauaa /enei oaeeo ianeaaeiaaiee ninoaaeyao oaea
ianeieueei ieeeeiiia. Iaeiei ec oieiiia, i?eianoeo cia/eoaeue-
iue o?ii ?acaaaenaoe Oe?O a NNN?, aue aia?eeaineee ?acaaae/ee
Yaeaa?ae Ee Aiaa?ae. Ii i?iaeae EAA iiiaeo oeaiiuo aia?eeaineeo
aaaioia. Ia?aue oaa e aai ?aciaea/aieth aue naeaeai i?e iiiiue

iieea?aoa – ii ia niia oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueii i?ieoe i?iaa?eo ia
aeaoaeoi?a eaee e aue iono?aiai io ?aaiou.

Iaeiaei nouanoaotho ii?aaeaeaiiua niiniau, iicaieythuea a oie
eee eiie ia?a iaiaiooue aeaoaeoi? eaee. Aeaeaein Oynnao auaeaeyao
aeaa aiciiaeiua no?aoaaee. Ia?aay – yoi iiaeaaeaiea anao ?aaeoeee.
Iniiaiie i?eioeei ninoieo a oii, /oi /aeiaae noa?aaony ioaa/aoue
ia ana aii?inu aaoiiaoe/anee, ia ia?auay ia ieo na?ueaciiai aie-
iaiey. I?e yoii ii iiaeao nin?aaeioi/eoueny ia ?enoiea iaiaa, eioi-
?ua iaoiaeyony ia?aae iei, eee ia ae?oaii iaeo?aeueiii i?aaeiaoa.

Iaeioi?ua i?anooiieee ia?aae aeii?inii ia iieea?aoa aeiaa-
aeaeenue ii?uneeaaoue eaaeiie n?aaenoaii io iioa, /oi iiaeaaeyao eiae-
ii-aaeueaaie/aneoth ?aaeoeeth, ii, eiia/ii, ia iiaeao ono?aieoue ei-
eaaaiee e?iayiiai aeaaeaiey eee ia?aiaaeia aeuoaiey.

Cia/eoaeueii yooaeoeaiaa ieacuaathony i?eoai?iua yiioeee
ia iacia/auea ?acae?aaeeoaee. Iaeioi?ua eniuooaiua, ciaaoea
ca?aiaa i aeaoaeoi?a eaee, iiaeeeaaeuaaee eiiieo a iinie naieo ai-
oeiie e a ioaeiua iiiaiou iieo/aee au?aaeaiioth aieaaoth ?aae-
oeeth, eieoe?othuoth neeueiia aieiaiea.

Iiaeii iaieoenue e aac eiiiee, aucuaay iacaiaoiia aeey yen-
ia?eiaioaoi?a iai?yaeaiea eaeeo-eeai iuooe. Iau/ii ethaee i?e-
aeeiatho iaeueoeu iia e iieo, naiaeyo aeaca e iino eee i?eaeeiatho
ycue e oaa?aeiio iaao. Aeaaiia – ne?uoue yoe iee?iaeaeaeaiey io
aeii?aoeaathuaai.

,–^, Ai?acaei o?oaeiaa ?aciaea/eoue aioo?aiiea, iuneaiiua
[^ JJ i?eaiu. Aeey yoiai aeinoaoi/ii iiaeoiaoue i /ai-eeai, aucu-

aathuai y?inoue eee naenoaeueioth yiioeeth. Ia ooaeie eiiaoe iiaeii
ia?aiiiaeeoue a oia aeaa iiiaicia/iuo /enea.

Iiiaei ?acaaae/eeai oaeaaaeinue iaieioi iaiaiooue oeo?ue
i?eai? e aai iia?aoi?ia. E oaeei oiaeueoeai, a /anoiinoe, ioii-
neeny /aoineiaaoeeee ?acaaae/ee Ea?e Eioa?, aiaae?eaoeeny a ai-
ia?ao Oe?O. Ii ?anneacuaae, /oi, eiaaea aio caaeaee aii?in: , ii noa?aeny aeo-
iaoue i /ai-oi i?eyoiii, iai?eia? i ia/aiuea n iaeii, eioi?ia ii
ethaee n aeaonoaa.

?anneacuaay i aeaoaeoi?a eaee, iu aiai?eee oieueei i caieaai-
neeo o/aiuo, e o /eoaoaey iiaei neiaeeoueny aia/aoeaiea, /oi ioa-
/anoaaiiua niaoeeaeenou a iaeanoe e?eieiaeueiie ineoieiaee ia
auee niiniaiu ia i?eaeiaeueiua ecia?aoaiey. Iaeiaei yoi ia oae.
A noaouea TH. Oieiaeiiai (, ? 1, 1993), aaea iienuaaaony enoi?ey noaiiaeaiey yoiai ia-
oiaea ca ?oaaaeii e a iaoae no?aia, ioia/aaony, /oi aieueoie aeeaae
a oai?eth e i?aeoeeo auyaeaiey i?aaaeu ai a?aiy aeii?inia aian
nio?oaeiee yenia?eiaioaeueiie ineoieiaee i?e Iineianeie aoaa?-
ineie i?ieo?aoo?a A. ?. Eo?ey, aiineaaenoaee aeaaeaiee AII
NNN?. I?e/ai ii oae naiei, i?eaeiaeueiui iooai, ia aeoaee?oth-
uei aia?eeaineee iaoiae. Ii i?aaeeiaeee aanoe caienue nei?inoe
?aaeoeee eniuooaiiai ia neiaa-?acae?aaeeoaee, iiae/a?eeaay, /oi
o eeoe, aeiiaiuo a i?anooieaiee, ?aaeoeey ia cia/eiua ?acae?a-
aeeoaee aoaeao aieaa caiaaeeaiiie, /ai o ethaeae, iai?e/anoiuo e
i?anooieaieth. Ca ianeieueei eao ?aaiou a 20-a aiaeu iaoaai aaea
A. ?. Eo?ee oaeaeinue iieo/eoue aiaaoue yenia?eiaioaeueiue iaoa-
?eae aieaa /ai io iieonioie /aeiaae, aieueoeinoai ec eioi?uo ya-
eyeenue oaeeoeaie eee nio/anoieeaie oaeenoaa. Iicaeiaa A. ?. Eo-
?ey noi?ioee?iaae aaia?aeueiue i?eioeei ineoioeceieiae/aneeo
niiniaia auyaeaiey o /aeiaaea ne?uaaaiie eioi?iaoeee.

E niaeaeaieth, a 30-a aiaeu ana ?aaiou ii nicaeaieth e i?eiaia-
ieth a NNN? aeaoaeoi?ia eaee auee naa?ioou. A 1937 aiaeo, ai a?aiy
ieea iieeoe/aneeo ?ai?annee. Aaia?aeueiue i?ieo?i? A. ss. Au-
oeineee ia?ooeeny ia o/aiiai-e?eieiaeenoa I. N. No?iaiae/a,
?aiaa iaeia?eoaeueii ioicaaaoaainy i noeaiia?aoa Oa??e – iaeiii
ec aa?eaioia aeaoaeoi?a eaee. Aaaeue a oi a?aiy neaaeiaaoaeae iiee-
oe/aneeo i?ioeannia iaiueoa anaai eioa?aniaaea enoeia – ei ioae-
ii auei oieueei i?eciaiea a i?anooieaiee, ionoue e ianiaa?oai-
iii. Iiiyoii, /oi ethaua iauaeoeaiua iaoiaeu oieueei iaoaee aac- ae
caeiieth, oea?eaoaio a i?aaiao iieeoe/aneiai nunea. Aeaoaeoi?
eaee ia ianeieueei aeanyoeeaoee auiae ec niaaoneie e?eieiaeen-
oe/aneie iaoee e aue iauyaeai . Eeoue a ia/aea 70-o aiaeia
a eaai?aoi?eyo aeaaeaieea I. Neiiiiaa e i?io. E. Ai?iiiaa ia-
/aeenue ?aaiou n iieea?aoaie, ii e iie ieacaeenue i?aeoe/anee
iaecaanoiuie th?enoai e i?aaiaaaeai. *oi eanaaony ?acaaaeee, oi
cae?uoua enneaaeiaaiey a yoie iaeanoe, ianiiiaiii, aaeenue, ii
iineee aieueoae /anoueth i?eeeaaeiie oa?aeoa?, e eioi?iaoeey i
ieo ia iiiaaeaea a aiia?ao IAAe. Eeoue a eiioea 1989 aiaea a IAAe
NNN? nicaeaaony ?aai/ay a?oiia niaoeeaeenoia, eioi?ie auei ii-
?o/aii eco/eoue ninoiyiea i?iaeaiu e iiaeaioiaeoue i?aae- ^–^S
eiaeaiey ii aiaae?aieth iieea?aoia a aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaiia 1JL 65 JJ

3 Cae. ?821

aioo?aiieo aeae. Oai ia iaiaa iiea neooaoeey inoaaony i?aaeiae, a
eaeay i?eiaiaiey aeaoaeoi?ia eaee a ?inneeneii noaeii?iecaiaenoaa
eiaao aieueoa i?ioeaieeia, /ai noi?iiieeia.

Iaiineaaeie oi/aony i?eaanoe enoi?eth, eioi?ay oioy e ia eia-
ao i?yiiai ioiioaiey e iieea?aoo, oai ia iaiaa eeethno?e?oao,
/oi ?ene auoue ?aciaea/aiiui aeaoaeoi?ii eaee i?yii i?iii?oeei-
iaeai aiycie /aeiaaea ia?aae yoei naiui ?aciaea/aieai. Ae?oae-
ie neiaaie, /aeiaae, eae i?aaeei, ?aciaea/aao naay nai – anee
ia iiaaaeaieai, oae naieie iai?iecaieueiuie ?aaeoeeyie.

Yoio neo/ae, iienaiiue Na?aaai Eoeueeii a eieaa , i?iecioae ia ino?iaa Iaaeaaanea?. A iaeiii ieaiaie aue
oaeii oaeo iaeei ec oocaioeaa, iacaaeieai aei yoiai iieo/eaoee aieue-
oia ianeaaenoai. Oae eae iiaeic?aaaaiuo auei ieiei o?ao aeanyoeia,
aeey iienea oaeeoeu aue i?eaeaoai ecaanoiue a ie?oaa eieaeoi.

Eieaeoi auno?iee iiaeic?aaaaiuo ia?aae caaeaeaiiui eino?ii,
ne?ooee oath e?aniiio iaoooo, iueiae aai, naeaa ia?uey, a oooeo
iaiacae aaeui iaieii, iauyaea, /oi aeiiaiue a nia?oe naiaai ?iae-
noaaiieea caaieaao e oi?ao, aeio?iioaoenue aei ioeoeu. Ii iaioae anao
iiaeic?aaaaiuo, eaaeaeue ec eioi?uo aiceiaeee ?oeo ia iaoooa. Ii-
oii eieaeoi i?eeacae oaeoue aaeoth eo?eoeo e aa e?iaueth iaiacae naaa
eeoei. E iiyoue iaioae oa?aiao, i?eeacaa auoyiooue ?oee eaaeiiyie
aaa?o. Caoai aa?ioeny e eino?o, nae ia caieth nieiie e nia?aaoei-
ny e aaaeae ia eaiaoeao e einoyo aieaa /ana. Iyoue i?eciaeny, a o?aoee ionoeeny aaaeaoue, iiaeoaa?aeea yoei
naith aeio. Oaeia yniiaeaeaiea i?iecaaei ioaeiieythuaa aia/aoea-
iea ia ie?oaeathueo oocaioeaa. Ii ia naiii aeaea ana iaae/aneea ia-
ieioeyoeee eieaeoi aeaeae aeey ioaiaea aeac. Nae?ao ioaaaeee caeeth-
/aeny a iaoooa, iaiacaiiii iaieii. Oa, eoi ia /oanoaiaae ca niaie
aeiu, aanno?aoii aeio?aaeaaeenue aei iaai, e ia eo iaeueoeao inoaaaeny
aaeue neaae, a oaeeoeu, aiynue nia?oe, i?aaeneacaiiie eieaeoiii, oieue-
ei aeaeaee aeae, /oi eanathony oooee, e ?oee eo inoaeenue /enouie.

Ouny/e eao ethaee auioaeaeaiu aeeoue ?yaeii n eiaeueth e iaiaiii.
E ana yoi a?aiy iie iuoathony iouneaoue enoeio, eae aiai?eony, io-
aeaeeoue ca?ia io ieaaae. Ii-?aciiio iiaeii eaeoe e i?aaaea: iai?i-
eii e ieieueiuie iooyie, e iao aeey yoiai aioiauo ?aoeaioia ia ana
neo/ae aeecie. Eai neieueei nouanoaoao ethaeae e eiie?aoiuo neoo-
aoeee, noieueei anoue e niiniaia ?aciaea/eoue iaiai. Ana, /oi iu ii-
aeai, – yoi ?acia?aoue oeiiaua iaoiaeu auyaeaiey enoeiu.

Ia?aui, iiaeaeoe, yaeyaony i?yiia aicaeaenoaea. Iii iiaeao
au?aaeaoueny a ineoieiae/aneii eee oece/aneii aicaeaenoaee.
A iineaaeiai neo/aa ?a/ue eaeao i iuoeao eae n?aaenoaao auyniaiey
i?aaaeu. *anoi ineoieiae/aneea e oece/aneea ia?u aicaeaenoaey
eiiaeie?othony, eiiaaea e iei aeiaaaeythony oa?iaeieiae/aneea
i?aia?aou, ineaaeythuea aieth e aeaeathuea /aeiaaea aieaa ioe?i-
aaiiui. Nthaea aea i?eiueatho ?acee/iua aeaeu aeiiica e aiiaua
aiooaiey.

Iniaiyeii noiyo iaoiaeu auyaeaiey iaiaia, iniiaaiiua ia oa-
eaniii i?iyaeaiee yiioeeiiaeueiuo ?aaeoeee, oae iacuaaaiay ia-
I–.\ aa?aaeeea. Eeanne/aneei i?eia?ii aeaiiie a?oiiu iaoi-
.66 JJ aeia yaeyaony aeaoaeoi? eaee. Ii iaaei ioiaoeoue, /oi yoa a?oi-

ia iaoiaeia iicaieyao eeoue ?aciaea/eoue iaiai, ii ia auynieoue en-
oeio. Yoi eiaiii , ii ia i?aaaeu.

O?aouey a?oiia iaoiaeia iino?iaia ia eiae/aneii aiaeeca ii-
nooiathuae eioi?iaoeee. Aeaaeoeoeaiue niinia eaaaiaea?iiai Oa?-
eiea Oieina, eae ieeaeie ae?oaie, eeethno?e?oao aeinoieinoaa e
ia?aie/aiiinoue oaeiai aiaeeca. A aoaeouai caeanue ioe?uaaaony oe-
?ieia iiea aeayoaeueiinoe aeey eniieueciaaiey eiiiuethoa?a, ii i?e
yoii neaaeoao iiiieoue ia iaeiie iaiaeiaaaeiie aeaoaee: /aeiaae ii-
eii yiioeee, /oi iiaeao aeaeaoue aai iiaaaeaiea iaeii?aaeneacoaiui.

*aoaa?ooth a?oiio iaoiaeia oneiaii iiaeii iaicia/eoue eae . Nthaea aoiaeyo niaa?oaiii ?acee/iua niiniau aicaeaenoaey
ia ineoeeo /aeiaaea, eioi?ua iauaaeeiyao iaeei i?eioeei: aeoeaii-
ai iaieioee?iaaiey niciaieai. Aeey oiai /oiau ociaoue i?aaaeo, /a-
eiaaea ioaeii iinoaaeoue a iniaua oneiaey. Yoe oneiaey nicaeathony
niaoeeaeueii, auioaeaeay iaiaiueea ?ane?uoue naie ea?ou. Caeanue iii-
ai iioiaeaai ia eiiaeiaoeaiue noeeue oaoiaoiie ea?u, i?e eioi-
?ii aea?oaotho oeao?ie, /oiau a eiioea eiioeia iinoaaeoue iao. Nthaea
ioiinyony oaeea i?eaiu, eae , , , e ae?oaea niiniau auyaeaiey i?aaaeu.

Iaeiiaoe, iyoay a?oiia iaoiaeia io?aaeaao eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue
iiaeoiae e e iniiaaia ia eniieueciaaiee ee/iinoiuo ea-
/anoa /aeiaaea, aai neaainoae e /a?o oa?aeoa?a.

Ia/iai eeethno?aoeeth iaoiaeia n i?yiiai aicaeaenoaey. Eco/a-
iea enoi?ee noaeii?iecaiaenoaa iieacuaaao iai, neieueei ioeaie
e caaeoaeaeaiee i?eoeinue ia?aaeeoue ethaeyi ia yoii iooe. Ia?aua
niiniau auyniaiey enoeiu a noaeaaiuo oyaeaao ia ?one iienaiu a
– ?oeiieniii naiaea caeiiia, aaaaeaiiii aua
ss?ineaaii Ioae?ui e aeiiieiaiiii Aeaaeeie?ii Iiiiiaoii. Eae
ieoao a naiae I. E. Einoiia?ia, .

Eeyoaa iacuaaeanue . Ii oioy iia i?ieciineeanue a oea?-
eae, a oi?aeanoaaiiie ianoaiiaea, iiae e?anoii, iia eiiaaea ieacu-
aaeanue eiaeiie. Aieueoia cia/aiea eiaee iieacaiey
naeaeaoaeae. I?e iaee/ee niiiaiee a enoeiiinoe iieacaiee i?e-
iaiyeny oae iacuaaaiue Aiaeee noae, eioi?ue aue aeinoaoi/ii aea-
noieei e ia aa?aioe?iaae ni?aaaaeeeainoe. Iaaeiyaiiai canoaa-
eyee a?aoue a ?oee ?aneaeaiiia aeaeaci, a iioii ii oa?aeoa?o iaei-
aia noaeeee, ioaeii ee aai ii?aaaeaoue eee iaaeieoue.

Ia ?one a noa?ua a?aiaia nouanoaiaaea iineiaeoea: .

Ia?aiia/aeueiua cia/aiey yoeo neia ai iiiaii caauou, e nae-
/an iaei eoi ec nia?aiaiieeia niiaeao iauynieoue, /ai ioee/aeanue
iiaeeeiiay i?aaaea io iiaeiiaioiie. ?acuyniaiea yoei oa?ieiai
aeaaony a eieaa A. I. Aieeeia .

Aeaei a oii, /oi a n?aaeiaaaeiauo noaeao iuoeo ia/eiaee n ia-
eie (aeeeiieeia). ?a/e, eioi?ua i?ieciinee iuoaaiue iiae iae-
eaie iiaeeeiieeaie, iacuaaee iiaeeeiiuie – iiaeeeiiay i?aa-
aea. Iinea iiaeeeiiie i?aaaeu iuoaaiiai iiaeaa?aaee iiaie iuoea,
canoaaeyy aiai?eoue i?aaaeo iiaeiiaioioth – aeey yoiai aio ^–^,
caaeaaee iiae iiaoe iaeueoeaa aeaeaciua aaicaee. 1 [ S7 ]j

Iuoee aeieai auee a oiaeo a ?onneii noaeii?iecaiaenoaa. Aeae-
nae Oienoie, niaoeeaeueii eco/aaoee iaoa?eaeu aeii?inia XVI-
XVIII aaeia, oae iienuaae niiniau aeiciaiey ia ?one a iao?ianeea
a?aiaia:

?acuneeaay a naiae aeaeeioaea iaoa?eaeu aeey aeaiiie eieae,
y iaoeioeny ia aioeeaa?iue oieeaio a eiaeaiii ia?aieaoa, i?e-
ia?aoaiiue iiith o eaieia?aaeneeo aoeeienoia eao aeaaaeoeaoue ia-
caae. Ecaeaiiay a 1783 aiaeo eieaa iacuaaaony e ?anneacuaaao i
iooaoanoaeyo aa?iiaeoeaa a yecioe/aneea no?aiu.

Oai, a /anoiinoe, iienuaathony iaoiaeu, i?eiaiyaiua neai-
oeaie (ia?iaeii, iuia ianaeythuei oa??eoi?eth Oaeeaiaea) aeey au-
yniaiey enoeiu i?e ?acee/iuo noaeaaiuo oyaeaao e ai a?aiy aeii-
?inia. ss i?eaaaeo iaaieueoie io?uaie ec yoie noa?eiiie eieae n
nio?aiaieai aa i?eaeiaeueiiai noeey:

.

Aeaeaa aaoi? eieae, ainiiaeei I?aai, aeoaieiiuneaiii caia-
/aao:

. (Iiyoiio anaaaea e auea?uaaee
noaeaaiua i?ioeannu i?ioea aa?iiaeoeaa, aieaa eciaaeaiiuo e ia
iiaeaioiaeaiiuo e oaeiio naiaia?aciiio niiniao auyniaiey en-
oeiu.)

Oe?iei i?eiaiyeenue iuoee a n?aaeiea aaea ai a?aiy aeii?i-
nia ethaeae, caiiaeic?aiiuo a niioaieyo n aeueyaieii. Eioi?iaoeeth
ia yoo oaio iiaeii ii/a?iiooue ec naiie ciaiaieoie eieae n?aae-
iaaaeiauey , iaienaiiie a eiioea XV aaea aeaoiy aa?-
iaineeie eieaeceoi?aie – sseiaii Oi?aiaa?ii e Aai?eoii Ei-
noeoi?enii.

Aaoi?u yoiai aani?eia?iiai ii naiae aan/aeiaa/iinoe o?o-
aea iiaeaiaeyo naiaia?aciue oai?aoe/aneee ooiaeaiaio iiae ia-

iaoiaeeiinoue i?eiaiaiey iuoie ai a?aiy aeii?inia. Iie ieooo:

<...eciaee a i o eiaiii: iiee iui anee iaaeiyaiue ioe caeii- iia aeieacaoaeuenoai naeaeaoaeae e iaeiiaoe nianoaaiiii ciaiee aeiu>.

Oae eae /aua anaai a?aoeee ne?uaatho naie acaeyaeu, a naeaea-
oaeae eo i?ioeaicaeiiiie aeayoaeueiinoe ia anaaaea iiaeii iaeoe,
oi eieaeceoi?ai ie/aai ia inoaaaeinue, eae au?aaoue o ian/anoiuo
ethaeae i?eciaiea aeiu naiuie aeanoieeie iuoeaie. *ooue iicaea
iu einiainy niauoee, i?ienoiaeeaoeo a ?innee nionoy 450 eao, e
n oaee-aeaieai iaia?oaeei, /oi eiaeea noaeeineeo neaaeiaaoaeae ai
anai niaiaaeaea n ?annoaeaeaieyie aa?iaineeo eieaeceoi?ia – auei
iauyaeaii, /oi , a
noaei auoue, caaea/a neaaeiaaoaey ninoiyea a au?uaaiee yoeo ethaie oeaiie.

ss. Oi?aiaa? e A. Einoeoi?en a iiae?iaii iie-
nuaatho, eae neaaeoao i?eiaiyoue iuoee, iinoaiaiii ia?aoiaey io
ineoieiae/aneiai aeaaeaiey e oece/aneiio. Aia/aea noaeuey aeie-
aeai oieueei iauyaeoue i naiai iaia?aiee i?enooieoue e iuoeai,
iinea /aai aeaoue iaaeiyaiiio a?aiy ia ?acaeoiuea. Eieaeceoi?u
ieooo, /oi <... oyaeeeaoneiaey caeeth e oaauaaaiey i aeaeatho aa iyaioth neeiiiie anee noaeuey aaconiaoii aeaeae iaeioi a ia- aeiyaiie eioi auea iaiaeiie oaauaaaaia oi eiay oaa- oii iaaeiyaiay caie ii oia iuoeai ia oeth... iuoie iaaeiyaioth yoi aeai- ueia iaaeaaeiua aeaiueiu. aeaea- aony aeey oiai enneaaeiaaoue aoeoi ee iaeayiea eaeia- eeai aaaeuei eae eie niaa iaouaieth aana eiaaea iie iieuecothony oaea iae iaeue iieoaea iuoee aioiayony aeaenoaeth io naiaai eia- ie eiaie ae oaaaeaaiuo ioaeae niiaa iaaeiyaiie aeia iia noaoao iaea iuoeo. eiai-eeai ec iuoea oaauaaaaony neacaoue yoii iaauatho aoaeao nia niciaaony. oieueei iaaei niiauaoue niaea oth eeoue oaa aeeciue nio iaa iaeiaeaii iaeacaiea. neo oiie> – /aeiaaeo iaauatho nio?aieoue aeeciue, ii nouaeeeai
oiae/eaatho, /oi inoaoie yoie aeecie ii i?iaaaeao a nu?uo oth?ai-
iuo iiaeaaeao ia oeaaa e aiaea. – TH. U.) Ae?oaea o/aiua iieaaa-
tho, /oi yoi iaauaiea iaaei aea?aeaoue eeoue iaeioi?ia a?aiy, a ii-
oii aaaeueio ana aea neaaeoao naea/ue. Iaeioi?ua n/eoatho aiciiaeiui,
/oiau noaeuey iaauae oaeie aaaeueia aeeciue, ii nia?oiue i?eaiai?
iaycai auianoe oaea ae?oaie noaeuey, a ia oio, eioi?ue oaa?ee aa a
nio?aiaiee aeecie>.

A oaia?ue aeey n?aaiaiey ia?aoeiny e eieaa Ae. Aieeiai-
iiaa :

… Nioiaa?eue Oooa/aaneiai oaeaea i?ioee “yia?-
ae/ioth” ia?aaioeo: caioaeaaiea, iaauaiey, oa?icu naiueyi, iai-
a?aie/aiiia ianeeea. Ai a?aiy neaaenoaey iaaeiyaiui aiooaee:

oieueei i?eciaiea nio?aieo ei aeeciue…>

Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi iuoee e ae?oaea iaoiaeu oece/aneiai
aicaeaenoaey yooaeoeaiu, anee neaaeiaaoaeyi iaiaoiaeeii neiieoue
aieth /aeiaaea, canoaaeoue aai aac?iiioii auiieiyoue i?eeacu io-
/eoaeae, ii anee iu aiai?ei i iieneao enoeiu, oi a yoii ieaia
oece/aneea iuoee ia anaaaea i?eaiaeyo e ioaeiiio ?acoeueoaoo.

Aio /oi ienae ii yoiio iiaiaeo aiaiiue eiio??acaaae/ee
I. Ieioa:

.

A oaia?ue ia?aianainy ec yiioe Aoi?ie ie?iaie aieiu a iaoo
,–e ?inneeneoth aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue e iineooaai aiaeaeio i?i
.70 JJ .

Eaeao ii oeeoea i?aoniaaathuee aecianiai, neo/aao. Aeaeeo
a?iiciaoth auaaneo iaae’ eiioi?ie:

Iieiae ii iooo, canoioe a nie/a/iue ei?iaie, aoiaeeo aioo?ue.

– Neaai, – aiai?eo, – ec yoie iooe neiia naeaeaoue?

– Iao i?iaeai, – aio ioaa/atho, – aeaaaeoa ouny/o aaenia e
caoiaeeoa /a?ac iaaeaeth.

I?eoiaeeo ii /a?ac iaaeaeth, aeatho aio oio aea nie/a/iue ei?i-
aie, a a iai iooa nuaaeeaoenue eaaeeo e iea/ao:

– Aea neii y, neii… Oieueei ii ii/eai aieueoa ia aaeoa…

Oii?noai /aeiaaea a ne?uaaiee i?aaaeu aeaeieciaiyaony iiae
aeaenoaeai iaeioi?uo oeie/aneeo i?aia?aoia. Ana, iaaa?iia, neu-
oaee i oae iacuaaaiie – aauanoaa, nieaeath-
uai aieaaie eiio?ieue, aaaaeaiea eioi?iai a e?iaue /aeiaaea aeaeaao
aai aieaa ioe?iaaiiui. Iaeiaei iiiaea niaoeeaeenou n/eoatho, /oi
iaioacie ia ii?aaaeae aiceiaeaiiuo ia iaai iaeeaeaiee: ai-ia?auo,
e’iaio i?eaueatho, oae /oi ii iiaeao ia ieacaoue naiaai aeaenoaey, a
ai-aoi?uo, iiaeao auoue i?aaeaa?eoaeueii iiaeaa?aioo naai-
no aeiiica, oae /oi aaaaeaiea oieueei canoaaeo
aai auaeaoue ae?oaoth, ca?aiaa a iaai eaaaiaeo.

Ii anee n iaioacieii iaei eoi ec ian eiae aeaei, oi, aaconeia-
ii, ana noaeeeaaeenue n ae?oaei i?aia?aoii, ?acaycuaathuei ycu-
ee, – n iaueiiaaiiui aeeiaieai. , – aiai?eo ia?iaeiay iineiaeoea, e aeaenoaeoaeue-
ii – a ninoiyiee iiueyiaiey /aeiaae noaiiaeony aieaa ioe?iaai-
iui e iiaeao auaieoaoue naie naiua caaaoiua nae?aou.

Ecaanoia iaethaiaue iueyiuo e o?acaui /eaiai eo eiiiaiee.
Aiciiaeii, iaeia ec aa i?e/ei ninoieo a oii, /oi iueyiue /aeiaae
ii?ie auaaao eceeoia ioe?iaaiiui, /ai iiaoo ainiieueciaaoueny
aieaa o?acaua niaooueueieee. Enoi?ee A. Einoiia?ia i?eaiaeeo ei-
oa?aniue yieciae ia yoo oaio, eioi?ue eanaaony a?aoa Iao?a Aiae-
?aaae/a Oienoiai – ecaanoiiai aeayoaey iao?ianeie yiioe. Yoi aue
aeinoaoi/ii oiiue e oeo?ue /aeiaae. Ai a?aiaia oea?aaiu Niouee
e Eaaia Ieeineaaneiai ii ieacaeny caiaoai a no?aeaoeeii aoioa
e aaeaa ecaaaeae eacie, aia?aiy iieayaoenue a naieo i?aa?aoaie-
yo ia?aae Iao?ii. Aiineaaenoaee oea?ue iaiaeiie?aoii eniieueciaae
aai aeey naiuo nae?aoiuo e aeaeeeaoiuo ii?o/aiee – a 1717 aiaeo
a?ao iaiaiii auiaiee ec Iaaiiey oea?aae/a Aeaenay e i?eaac aai
a ?inneth ia aa?ioth nia?oue.

Eae-oi, /oiau auaaaeaoue ioaeioth eioi?iaoeeth, ii ?aoee i?e-
eeiooueny iueyiui, ii aue ?aciaea/ai oea?ai. Aio eae ia yoii neo-
/aa ?anneacuaaao enoi?ee:

.s
eanue. IR]

– Ia aieoanue, aaoa aaee/anoai, – ioaaoee aae?oa i/ioaoee-
ny Oienoie. – Iia aai aua-aa?ia e ia iia oaa?aea.

– A! Oae ii oieueei i?eoai?yeny iueyiui, – i?iaeieaeae Iao?. –
Iiaeianeoa-ea aio noaeaia o?e aeia?iai oeeia (a?aoiai ieaa n eiiue-
yeii e eeiiiiui nieii). Oae ii ii?aaiyaony n iaie e oaeaea aoaeao
o?auaoue ii-ni?i/uee
>.

Iaeiaei yoio iaoiae naiaai iiiiiai-
oa a oeaeyo auyniaiey i?aaaeu ia anaaaea aacoi?a/ai. Aaaeue oiaeue-
iia niciaiea, caooiaiaiiia ia?aie nie?oa, ia ioee/aao ?aaeue-
iinoue io iueyiuo oaioacee, a iinaio auaaao nianai ia i?inoi ioaea-
eeoue a neiaao iao?acaiai /aeiaaea enoeio io eaee.

A eiiaaeee I. A. Aiaiey ai?iaeie/ee, aeey oiai /oi-
au auiuoaoue iiaieueoa o Oeanoaeiaa, niaeaaao aai ca iaaaeii. Ii
oio niueyio a?ao n o?e ei?iaa, /ai i?eaiaeeo a caiaoaoaeuenoai oi-
cyeia:

Ai?iaeie/ee ia ciae, n eaeei aacoaea?aeiui oaanooiii ii eia-
ao aeaei. Aaaeue Oeanoaeia, iaieaoenue, nai ene?aiia aa?ee a oi, i
/ai aiai?ee. E iiyoiio iiaeiaoi?aaoee a iaiaia ai?iaeie/ee i?e-
iye ana ca /enooth iiiaoo.

Eaeia au aauanoai ie i?eiaiyeinue aeey oiai, /oiau o iiaeic?aaaaiiai ai eaee, naii ii naaa iii aua ia aa-
?aioe?oao auyaeaiey enoeiu. aaniieacia
aac i?eiaiaiey aeoeaiuo iaoiaeia aiooaiey, iiyoiio oa?iaei-
eiae/aneea e ineoieiae/aneea iaoiaeu aicaeaenoaey, eae i?aae-
ei, i?eiaiythony eiiaeie?iaaiii. Iaeiaei i?eiaiaiea iaeiiai
oieueei aeiiioe/aneiai aiooaiey oiaea /anoi aeaao iaieioea ?a-
coeueoaou.

Eniieueciaaiea aeiiica aeey ec /aeiaaea ioaeiie
eioi?iaoeee aia?aua ano?a/aaony o ?onneiai ienaoaey A. O. Iaeiaa-
neiai a oaioanoe/aneii ?iiaia , iioaeeeiaaiiii ai-
eaa 150 eao iacaae. Ii caiuneo aaoi?a, aeiiic (oi/iaa, iania?eci,
eae iacuaaee oaeie oei aiooaiey a na?aaeeia XIX aaea – ii eia-
ie a?a/a Iania?a) aoaeao ethaeiui ?acaea/aieai naaoneeo ainoe-
iuo aoaeouaai. Ienaoaeue iieaaae, /oi ethaee aoaeoo niaoeeaeueii aai-
aeeoue naay a niiiaiaoee/aneia ninoiyiea, /oiau ociaoue ioiioa-
iea ae?oa e ae?oao e iaeioi?ua eioeiiua iiae?iaiinoe. Iaeiaaneee
n/eoae, /oi a aoaeouai oaeea iiuou aoaeoo yaeyoueny iaeiie ec ooii-
/aiiuo oi?i ?acaea/aiee aunoeo noa? iauanoaa.

Oai ia iaiaa i?ioei aieaa noa eao ni aeiy auoiaea a naao ?iia-
ia Iaeiaaneiai, i?aaeaea /ai niaoeneoaeau ioeaieee aeiiic eae n?aae-
noai aeey . Ia inoaeenue a noi?iia e ienaoa-
ee i?eeeth/ai/aneeo ?iiaiia, eioi?ui yaii i?eoaeny ii aeono
noieue yecioe/aneee iaoiae aaaeaiey aeii?inia. A /anoiinoe, yoio
i?eai eniieueciaae a naieo eieaao ssi Oeaiieia, nicaeaoaeue na?e-
^–>\ aea i eaaaiaea?iii noia?aaaioa 007 Aeaeaeina Aiiaea. Eiai-
IJLZ^JJ ii i?ioea iaai iuoaeenue i?eiaieoue aeiiic eiaa?iua ?on-

neea aaaiou, ii, anoanoaaiii, iioa?iaee iieiia oeanei. E aiana
ia iioiio, /oi ia?aioeaieee aeiiic, nei?aa iioiio, /oi iaaeiioea-
ieee niiniaiinoue noia?aaaioa i/a?iauaaoue aeaiuei.

?aceaeaio ?onneie ?acaaaeee, iieiaaoee a eiaooeo Aeaeaeina
Aiiaea, aiai?eo aio: . Iiyoiio aianoi iuoie eiaa?iue ceiaeae iiiuoaeny en-
iieueciaaoue aeaao oeo-oaeaiaoa, eioi?ay iiaea /eoaoue iunee. E ian-
/anoueth aeey ?onneiai ?aceaeaioa, yoa iaeaaeathuay yeno?anaini?iu-

ie niiniaiinoyie aeaaooea aethaeeanue a iaio?aceiiai aaaioa 007
e ia auaeaea aai oaeiuo caiuneia naiaio oicyeio.

Ii-i?aaeiaio inoaaony yooaeoeaiui noa?ue, ii eniuoaiiue
i?eai n aeaoiy neaaeiaaoaeyie – e . Eae ie-
oao I. Ieioi a eieaa , <...iaeei ec ieo ea- a e oa noo eoeaeii ii noi- eo. ae aea niieieiue neiiaoe yeiau caueuaao iiaeic aeaeaao ana oaiiiieoue naiaai iaenoianoao- thuaai eieeaao. iai aeinoeaaao iaeaunoae oi eiaaea>, aue?eeeaathuaai inei?aeaiey e naiua oaeaniua oa-
?icu, iaiaeeaeaiii eoaea-oi aucuaatho. Aeii?in i?iaeieaeaao aanoe
neaaeiaaoaeue. Ii ae?oaeaneei oiiii oniieaeaaao
iiaeic?aaaaiiai e i?aaeeaaaao aio neaa?aoo. ?aceay ia?aiaia ia-
noaiiaee iau/ii aeaao oi?ioea ?acoeueoaou – iiaeic?aaaaiue ai
anai i?eciaaony>.

Oaia?ue ia?aeaeai e ae?oaiio niiniao auyaeaiey i?aaaeu, eioi-
?ue aanueia yooaeoeaai a oiaeuo ?oeao, – i?iaieaoeee, iniaai-
ii anee iia i?eiaiyaony n o/aoii ee/iinoiuo iniaaiiinoae iiaei-
c?aaaaiiai. I?aaeaiea aeaneo, /oi aieueoei ianoa?ii ?anioouaa-
iey oeo?inieaoaiee eaee aue eaaaiaea?iue oea?ue Nieiiii, aeayiey
eioi?iai iienaiu a Aeaeee.

A o?aoueae Eieaa Oea?noa Aaooiai Caaaoa iienai noae, eioi?ue
aa?oee ioae?ue Nieiiii iaae aeaoiy aeaiueiaie, ia?aoeaoeieny
e iaio ca i?aainoaeeai. Eaaeaeay iaaeiyea ae?oaoth a e?aaea a?oaeii-
ai ieaaeaioea. Iaeia ec ieo ooaa?aeaeaea, /oi aa ninaaeea ii/ueth iiae-
iaieea naiaai ia?oai?iaeaeaiiiai ?aaaiea ia aa, aeeaiai, aoi?ay
aea aeaiueia ana yoi io?eoeaea.

Nieiiii iaaeieai ?aciuoeye iaae yoei neo/aai. Aai ?aoaiea
auei ei?ioeei e aeanoieei, eae oaea? iieiee, e aia/aea iii ii?a-
ceei anao i?enoonoaothueo naiae iaeaiinoueth, eai ethaee, ie?oaeaa-
oea oea?y, ia iiaee n?aco i?iieeiooue a ioae?inoue aai caiunea.

.

Nieiiii aue i?e?iaeaeaiiui ineoieiaii. Ii ciae, /oi a no?an-
niaii ninoiyiee /aeiaae aaaeao naay eia/a, /ai a iieia, e eiaiii
oiaaea ii neeiiai aeaeaoue ioeaee. Eiaiii e oaeiio i?eaio – iiia-
noeoue /aeiaaea a yeno?aiaeueiua oneiaee e iiiaaethaeaoue ca aai ?a-
aeoeeyie – i?eaaaioe Oa?eie Oiein, /oiau auynieoue, aaea E?ai
Aaeea? aea?aeeo oioia?aoeth, eiii?iiaoe?othuoth ei?iey Aiaaiee.

.

Aienoeio oiaeay i?iaieaoeey yaeyaony eniuoaiiui n?aaenoaii
aeey auyniaiey i?aaaeu. Iiea /aeiaae niieiai, nia?ai e iieii ?a-
oeiinoe nio?aieoue oaeio, io iaai o?oaeii aeiaeoueny /aai-eeai. Ii
anee oiaeuie aeaenoaeyie eee neiaaie auaanoe aai ec aeooaaiiai
?aaiiaaney, iinoaaeoue a neiaeiia iieiaeaiea, auioaeeoue e iai?iaeo-
iaiiui ioaaoiui iinooieai, ioaeiay eioi?iaoeey naia auieuaao
ia?oaeo. Ia yoii ienae a naiai aua iacaaaai-
iue Aaeueoana?O?aneai. Aeaanoe o?eiaaeoeaoue ioieo aai ?oeiaiaenoaa
ia/eiathuei eio?eaaiai oae e iacuaaaony: :

.

Ae?oaie niinia i?iaa?eoue eiyeueiinoue e naaa eaeiai-oi /aeiaaea –
yoi canoaaeoue aai aeoeaii aeaenoaiaaoue. Eiaiii oae i?iaa?ye aa?iinoue
naieo aannaeia ia?neaeneee i?aaeoaeue Oin?ia Ia?aac. Eiaaea ii ae-
aeae a naiai ie?oaeaiee aeaoo i?eaeai?iuo, naycaiiuo ocaie ae?oaeau
e neiiaoee, ii niiauae iaeiiio ec ieo auiuoeaiiua aaue i ae?o-
aii. Iiae aieueoei nae?aoii ii aiai?ee, /oi ?aoee eacieoue aai ae?o-
aa ii iiaeic?aieth a i?aaeaoaeuenoaa. Anee iinea yoiai aoi?ie i?eaeai?-
iue ie a /ai ia eciaiye naiaai iiaaaeaiey, oi auei ynii, /oi oaeia
nio?aiaia. Oiaaea iiaeaa?aaaoeeny eniuoaieth i?eaeai?iue iaa?aae-
aeaeny e aicauoaeny. *oiau cae?uoue aii?in n iieiui i?aaeaoaeue-
noaii, Oin?ia niiauae i?eaeai?iiio, /oi iiaeic?aiey a ioiioaiee
aai ae?oaa ia iiaeoaa?aeeeenue. Anee aea aoi?ie, eiaeii iaaeiyaiue
Oin?iaii, i?eaeai?iue ?acei eciaiye naia iiaaaeaiea, ecaaaae ano?a/
n oea?ai, aae naay enioaaiii eee o?aaiaeii, oi noaiiaeeinue ynii, /oi
ii ciaao i iieiuo ieaiao oea?y a ioiioaiee aai. A yoii neo/aa ia
auaea?aeaaoee i?iaa?ee i?eaeai?iue iiaeaa?aaeny iiaea e auioae-
aeai aue ioi?aaeyoueny a nnueeo.

A. Eaiaoaiei, ec eieae eioi?iai acyo
yoio i?eia?, ieoao, /oi .

Aeey iieo/aiey eioi?iaoeee i eaeii-oi eeoea aiciiaeii i?e-
aea/aiea o?aoueae noi?iiu – caaea/a ninoieo oieueei a oii, eae yoiai
/aeiaaea ni?iaioee?iaaoue ia niiauaiea eioa?anothueo
naaaeaiee. A ieaeai?eaaaeaiiii aiaeaeioa aeey auyaea-
iey enoeiu yaeyaony neeueiia yiioeeiiaeueiia aicaoaeaeaiea ^–,
a ni/aoaiee n caaaaeiii eiaeiui iaaeiaieai. IJ75

Aia?eeaiaoe e ?onneee ?acaiaa?eaatho i?i noi?oaeaneoth aeeciue.

– Eiaaea y oacaeath, – aeaeeony naiei iiuoii aia?eeaiaoe, –
y inoaaeyth a niaeueia aeeth/aiiue iaaieoioii e aeaeaieaia?o.
E eiaaea y i?eacaeath, oi ociath, eciaiyea ee iia aeaia a iia ionoo-
noaea.

– A y, eiaaea aica?auathnue ec eiiaiaee?iaee, – aiai?eo ?on-
neee, – i?inoi caoiaeo e ninaaeea e ni?aoeaath aa: Iia a ioaao: E aeieai-aeieai ?anneacuaa-
ao iia, eoi, eiaaea e neieueei o iiae aeaiu auaaao…

4. Ineoioeceieiaey

Ineoioeceieiaey – iaoea, aicieeoay ia nouea oeceieiaee
e ineoieiaee. N iaeiie noi?iiu, iia iie?aaony ia ciaiea yeaeo?e-
/aneeo e aeioeie/aneeo i?ioeannia, i?ioaeathueo a i?aaiecia /a-
eiaaea, a n ae?oaie noi?iiu – iuoaaony ia?aeeiooue io ieo iinoee e
oaeei neiaeiui ineoe/aneei i?ioeannai, eae yiioeee e iuoeaiea.

Iaiai, iino?iaiiue ia ineoioeceieiae/aneeo oaiiiaiao, –
yoi eae au aieaa i?inoie iaiai, ii io yoiai ia noaiiayueeny ia-
iaa yooaeoeaiui. A e?oa eco/aiey aeaiiiai ?acaeaea iiiaee oaeea
yaeaiey, eae aieiaiea, iaiyoue, aaconeiaiua ?aoeaenu, oneiaiua
?aoeaenu e aeeiaie/aneea noa?aioeiu, aiaeecaoi?u (aieueoae /a-
noueth iie auee ?acia?aiu a aeaaa, iinayuaiiie eeethceyi), ooii-
eaiea, oa?iaeieiae/aneea aeeyiey.

Iai?eia?, aieiaiea /aeiaaea iiaeao auoue neiioeaio?e?iaa-
ii ia ia?aie/aiiii /enea iauaeoia. Yoei iieuecothony ai?u e ea?-
oi/iua ooea?u, ioaeaeay aieiaiea e niaa?oay i?e
yoii iaiai. A iiaanoe Na?aay Aeiaeaoiaa ?anneacuaa-
aony, eae iaeei /aeiaae, eiooeoeaii eniieuecoy i?eai ioaea/aiey
aieiaiey, oe?ae n caaiaea… o?aeoi?!

.

N iiaeiaiui neo/aai y noieeioeny a 1981 aiaeo ia Noineii ca-
aiaea, i?iecaiaeyuai yeaeo?iiiua iee?ineiiu e ae?oaoth, a oii /en-
ea iai?iiioth, oi/ioth oaoieeo. Caaiae aue iieoaiaiiue, n auni-
eei caai?ii, eieth/ae i?iaieieie e no?iaeie aaooa?aie ia i?i-
oiaeiie. E aio iaeei ?aai/ee iinii?ee n ae?oaii ia aeaa aooueee
aiaeee, /oi auianao n io?aiyaiiai caaiaea o?aoiao?iaoth o?oao.

Aai oiaa?euo oaeia iaauaiea iieacaeinue iaauiieieiui, e
ii ?aoeeny ia nii?, eioi?ue aeaaiiieo/ii i?iea?ae…

?aoaiea auei i?inoui e aaieaeueiui. ?aai/ee, acyaoeeny au-
ianoe o?oao, iiaeoauee aa ni naiei ae?oaii e noieiaie, iaoiaeyuae-
ny iaaeaeaei io i?ioiaeiie, e ia/ae eae au ioia?youe ath ?annoiyiea,
iinoaiaiii i?eaeeaeaynue e auoiaeo. Oae iie i?eaeeceeenue e i?i-
oiaeiie e e?eeioee io?aiieeai, /oiau oa iinoi?iieeenue.

– Ioiaeaeiueoanue a noi?iio, ?aayoa, ia ?iaai /an, caoeaai!

– *aai au aeaeaaoa?

– Aea aio aee?aeoeey ?aoeea ?anoe?eoue ia aeanyoue iao?ia
oa??eoi?eth caaiaea, a iu ?oeaoeo eoaea-oi canoioee, aeoue,

i?eoiaeeony o?oaie ioia?youe… Neaaa Aiao, a iae oi/iaoiiueei o?e
iao?a.

E n yoeie neiaaie iie auianee o?oao ca i?ioiaeioth.

Iioii, anoanoaaiii, aianee ia?aoii. A i?iea?aaoee iiaaaeae
ca aiaeeie.

Iaoiae ioaea/aiey aieiaiey iiaeao iiaeeoeoee?iaaouene iooai
oaaee/aiey iioiea eioi?iaoeee, eioi?oth aeieaeai
iauaeo iaiaia. A yoii neo/aa iu eiaai aeaei n , oa-
?aeoa?iue i?eia? eioi?iai iienai a neacea a?aoueaa A?eii. Yoio
niinia iaiaia iniiaai ia ianiiniaiinoe niciaiey auno?i ?acia-
?aoueny a neiaeiie ianoaiiaea.

.

Iiaeii ioaea/ue aieiaiea /aeiaaea ia ia/oi aiaoiaa e yooae-
oiia, e ii iicaaoaeao i?iaa?eoue nouanoaaiiia e aeaaiia. Aio i?e-
ia? ec eieae I. N. Oa?aiiaa :

<...iaaei auei i a io iaaeno o e aeiio. iia ianeiaeiay ii eae aiaeeony aueeeanue eiia- oai ia iaiaa ana naeaeaii auno aieo- aie iaiiue aue aanae ai iiaoo ee n eaeea-oi aeaiueae oie oaieii eioi ian ieiei ianyoea. naiuey oaea iicaauea ae oaieue iaoaeianoaa oi neea iaiy noaea iaaeaoue iaeei ec aeiae aieueoa caoioae iueaoue. ...eaeiai aea eo oaeeaeaiea eiaaea aianoi iaia aeeeinue iiaeeeth caeiiaiiiio caieth iau aaciai- aaeeiio>.

Iaaei iiiieoue, /oi /ai aaaeiaa aeey aan naeaeea e /ai aei?iaea iia
aai iaoiaeeony, oai aieueoa aieiaiey neaaeoao oaeaeyoue anai iaeeei
aeaoaeyi. I?eia?ii iiaeao neoaeeoue i?eia?aoaiea eaa?oe?u iai?y-
ioth, aac iiiiue ?eyeoa?neeo eiioi?. A i?anna ia ?ac ano?a/aeenue
iienaiey iioaiie/aneeo iia?aoeee, ai a?aiy eioi?uo iaaieia-
oaeueiinoue eeeaioia iaoiaeeeanue ei a aeanyoee ouny/ aeieea?ia.

Iieoiaao, neaaeai, /aeiaae eaa?oe?o o noa?aiueeie aaaooee,
iaeaeaiiie ii iauyaeaieth a aacaoa. Caeeth/aao aeiaiai? o iioa?e-
ona, aea ia i?iaeaaee, a aea?aiey (/oiau ia ieaoeoue eeoieo iaei-
aia). A./a?ac ia?o iaaeaeue e iaio aeiiie cayaeyaony oaea ae?oaay
aaaony e o?aaoao inaiaiaeeoue aa aeeeieiuaaeue. Ieacuaaaony, /oi o
yoie, aoi?ie, noa?ooee iieaiaea iacaae oe?aee ianii?o e aeieoiai-
ou, e aaoo naeaeeo noae i?eciaao iacaeiiiie. Au aea, eco- // ^
/ay ianii?o, niio?aee a iniiaiii ia ooaii i?iienee, a ia 1.UZJJ

ia oioia?aoeth- aaaeue ana aeaiueiu auaey-
aeyo iaeeiaeiai iai?yaeaiii e ii?ueienoi (anee ia iieuecothony
e?aiii oe?iu ). Aeaaea anee ieeeoeey iaeaeao ii-
oaiieoeo, aeaiaa iia aai ia aa?iao: aaaeue niaeanii iioa?eaeueiiio
aeiaiai?o oa niaa?oeea iaoianoioth oooeo – . A ianii?o iaoea ia oeeoea. E aiiaua
eiaao ni?aaeo ec ineoaeeniaina?a i ?anoaoaiiie ia?aiie nenoa-
ia. Iiyoiio aua ?ac, aneaae ca THeeonii Oo/eeii, i?ecuaath:

Eco/aeoa aeieoiaiou aaoeo aeaeiauo
ia?oia?ia oae aea aieiaoaeueii, eae iaeaiioieiae enneaaeotho ein-
oe aeeiicaa?ia, oeoi neii/aaoeony ieeeeiiu eao iacaae. E aic-
iiaeii, aai ioe?ithony aaaeiua iiae?iaiinoe, eioi?ua au iiaee
au i?iionoeoue i?e aaaeii /oaiee.

Aua iaeei niinia iaiaia, iniiaaiiue ia oaeii iaiouaieaiii
naienoaa aeayoaeueiinoe ia?aiie nenoaiu, eae ooiieaiea, iiaeii
iaicia/eoue eae . N oa/aieai a?aiaie oiaiue-
oaaony niiniaiinoue /aeiaaea e eiioeaio?aoeee i?iecaieueiiai aie-
iaiey. I?ioeannu ooiieaiey neacuaathony ia anao ineoe/aneeo
ooieoeeyo, e aieiaiea no?aaeaao io iaai a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue. Yoei
iiaeii ainiieueciaaoueny, aeey oiai /oiau ne?uoue iaaeaeaoaeueiue
oaeo io naiaai iiiiiaioa eee ioaea/ue aai aieiaiea. Ioaeii oieue-
ei aeiaeaeaoueny, eiaaea aieiaiea aaoeo i?ioeaieeia aoaeao aeinoa-
oi/ii ooiieaii. Eae ieoao I. N. Oa?aiia, anee au oioeoa eaeie-oi aaaeiue aeey aan aii?in, ono?ieoa ianoaeaeaiea
oaiu a iaaieueoii, ieioi i?iaao?eaaaiii iiiauaiee, ai aoi?ie
iieiaeia aeiy, eo/oa iiae aa/a?, aua eo/oa – a iyoieoeo, ?anoy-
ieoa aai ca aeaoo/aniaoth ioiaoeo, e oniao aoaeao aai iaania/ai.

Ecaanoiue ciaoie aoi?enoeee, nai aaoi? iiiaeo ec?a/aiee,
Aeeoi? E?ioia ienae, /oi aini?eyoea – yoi i?ea?aoiee iaoaai
‘niciaiey: oaeiue oeaici?, oieoniee e oooiee. Io a ia ethaiai
oooieea anaaaea iaeaeaony ae?oaie oooiee, aieaa iaoiae/eaue e in-
o?ioiiue. E i?eia?o, aicueiai oaeoth iniaaiiinoue ia?aiie nenoa-
iu, eae , eia/a neacaoue – i?eau-
eaiea e iei.

Aeaei a oii, /oi ana iaoe aiaeecaoi?u – i?eai?u aeey ?aniic-
iaaaiey e aiaeeca eioi?iaoeee, iinooiathuae ec aiaoiae e aioo-
?aiiae n?aaeu, ono?iaiu ii ea?a?oe/aneiio i?eioeeio. Nenoaia
iaiiieiaao ath?ie?aoe/aneoth no?oeoo?o ethaiai ainoaea?noaa.
Iiea eioi?iaoeey aeieaeao aei aeaaiiai /eiiaieea, iai?eia? ie-
ieno?a, iia aoaeao iiiaie?aoii i?inayia e i?iaa?aia ia i?aaeiao
iiaeciu e aaaeiinoe ae?oaeie /eiiaieeaie, caieiathueie ieae-
iea iiceoeee a nenoaia oi?aaeaiey.

Ii oaeiio aea i?eioeeio ?aaioaao e ia?aiay nenoaia. C?eoaeue-
iay eioi?iaoeey, iinooieaoay ia nao/aoeo aeaca, iiaeaa?aaaony
ia?ae/iiio aiaeeco, iinea /aai ia?aaeaaony a oaeaion aeey aa i?i-
iaaeooi/iiai aiaeeca. Anee eioi?iaoeey aeinoaoi/ii aaaeia aeey
i?aaiecia, iia iinooiaao aeaeueoa – a c?eoaeueioth ei?o, anee aea
iia ia niaea?aeeo ie/aai iiaiai, oi iu aa ia iniciaai (aei ei?u aieue-
oeo iieooa?ee iia iiaeao e ia aeieoe). I?iaeieaeay aiaeiaeth n
ath?ie?aoe/aneie nenoaiie, iu iiaeai neacaoue, /oi aeiianaiea ca-
^–^S no?yei ia o?iaia nae?aoa?y-?aoa?aioa, eioi?ue ia caoi-
[JL ^ }\ oae aaniieieoue naiaai oaoa ii ionoyeai.

Eiaiii iiyoiio iu ia iuouaai aeiai naiae iaeaaeaeu, ia caia-
/aai i?eau/iuo i?aaeiaoia aeiiaoiae ianoaiiaee e o. ae. Ii noi-
eo /aio-oi i?iianoue eee eciaieoueny, eae oaeaion n?aco aea neaia-
eece?oao ei?a i i?iecioaaeoeo eciaiaieyo e iia aeeth/aaony a
aiaeec i?iecioaaeoaai. Ia iniiaaiee aieueoiai aeeciaiiiai iiu-
oa iaeioi?ua ethaee eiooeoeaii iniciatho yoio iaoaieci e oniao-
ii eniieuecotho aai aeey iaiaia ae?oaeo ethaeae. Aio i?eia? ec ee-.},
oaeneie enoi?ee, i?eaaaeaiiue Caiaa?ii a eieaa . ]^o{

.

Aiiaua i?eai – iaeaieaa ?ani?ino-
?aiaiiue iaoiae a e?eieiaeueiie i?aeoe-
ea. Iaeei ec i?eia?ia ia yoo oaio iienai a ?anneaca Oeeueyia Aeaeao-
o?e . Oaaoea ?anneaca neaaeothuay.

Ca iie/ana aei cae?uoey aaiea a iaai aioae /aeiaae e iai?a-
aeeny e ieioeo eanne?a. Ii iiaeiaeaeae, iiea oio caeii/eo ianeo-
aeeaaiea i/a?aaeiiai eeeaioa, e, eiaaea oio ioioae, iiaeae eanne?o
eenoie aoiaae. *a?ac aeaa ieioou iinaoeoaeue ioioae io ieioa/ea
eannu e iai?aaeeny e auoiaeo. Eiaaea ii ieiiaae io?aiieea e aue
oaea ia oeeoea, ncaaee ?acaeaeny io/ayiiue e?ee eanne?a:

Io?aiiee ooo aea caaea?aeae iaaeioiaaathuaai eeeaioa e iiae aeo-
eii ?aaieueaa?a i?iaiaeee ia?aoii. Ia ooi yaeeenue ia/aeuenoai e
aeaa aeaoaeoeaa, eioi?ua ia/aee ?anneaaeiaaiea aeaiiiai eioeeaeaioa.

Eanne? i?aaeuyaee aeaoaeoeaai eeno aoiaae, yeiau iieo/ai-
iue io a?aaeoaey, ia eioi?ii auei iaienaii:

.

Caaea?aeaiiue , o eioi?iai i?e iaunea iaoee oieueei
naiue noieaeeia iaeeeo iiiao, ana io?eoeae, ooaa?aeaeay, /oi i?eoae a
aaie, /oiau iieo/eoue iaei/ue, ioaeioth aio aeey aa/a?iae ea?u a ii-
ea?. Ii yeiau aeae eanne?o ianeieueei eoith? e eenoie aoiaae ^–^
n ia?a/iai aeinoieinoaa iiiao, eioi?ua oioae acaiai iieo/eoue, ll ^ JJ

Ouaoaeueiay i?iaa?ea eannu iieacaea, /oi ec iaa aeaenoaeoaeue-
ii en/acee ana e?oiiua eoith?u ia noiio o?eaeoeaoue iyoue ouny/ noi
aeieea?ia, ii eoaea iie aeaeenue, iiiyoue ieeoi ia iia. Ia iaia?oaee-
einue e eenoea aoiaae, i eioi?ii aiai?ee iinaoeoaeue. Aeaoaeoeau
ie/aai ia iiaee iiiyoue. Iaune io?aiieea oiaea ia aeae ?acoeueoa-
oa. Aeaiueae aanneaaeii en/acee ec aaiea, ii o anao iaoiaeyueony a
oio iiiaio ethaeae auei aeaeaciia aeeae. Aeaoaeoeau aeoiaee, /oi
iiaeic?aaaaiue oniae ia?aaeaoue aeaiueae naiaio niiauieeo, i?aaeaea
/ai aai noaaoee io?aiiee, ii eae ii yoi i?iaeaeae, iie ia iiieia-
ee. Eeeaio iaoiaeeeny ca i?aaeaeaie aaiea anaai ianeieueei naeoiae,
a oa/aiea eioi?uo aio auei e?aeia cao?oaeieoaeueii ia?aaeaoue
eiio-eeai noieue e?oiioth noiio aeaiaa. I?iaa?ea ee/iuo aeae eae
iino?aaeaaoaai eanne?a, oae e iiaeic?aaaaiiai iinaoeoaey iieaca-
ea, /oi o iaieo auea i?ae?aniay ?aiooaoeey. Iiyoiio iieeoeee
i?eoeinue ec-ca ionoonoaey oeee ioionoeoue /aeiaaea, iiaeic?aaaa-
iiai a ia?aaeaiee, ii ca iei i?iaeieaeaee neaaeeoue aeaoaeoeau. Iae-
iaei /a?ac aeaayoue ianyoeaa neaaeeo niyee. E oieueei oiaaea ii niia
iieo/eoue naith aeieth oe?aaeaiiiai. Aaaeue a ia?aaeaiee aaiea o/a-
noaiaaee o?e /aeiaaea: ii nai, eanne? e oio naiue iinaoeoaeue, ei-
oi?ue ioioae io ieioa/ea eannu aei iaai, oiiny a oe?ieeo ea?-
iaiao naiaai iaeueoi o?eaeoeaoue iyoue ouny/ aeieea?ia.

Niune aeaiiiai iaiaia caeeth/aeny a oii, /oiau ioaea/ue aie-
iaiea aeaoaeoeaia io enoeiiiai i?anooiieea. Aeey yoiai a oiae oee
?acee/iua ioaeaeathuea i?eaiu: ia?aa?aiea eanne?a n eeeaioii,
iiaeic?aaaaiui a e?aaea, iooaieoea n caieneaie e aiaea/aiea a
e?oa iiaeic?aaaaiuo io?aiieea. Eiioeaio?e?oy ?annoaeaeaiey ii-
eeoeee ia eanne?a e iineaaeiai iinaoeoaea, ceioiuoeaiieee au-
aiaeeee ec e?oaa iiaeic?aaaaiuo ianoiyuaai i?anooiieea, auian-
oaai aeaiueae ec aaiea. A ?acoeueoaoa iieeoeey i?iea?aea.

Aeey iaiaia iiaeii eniieueciaaoue naienoaa /aeiaaea caauaaoue
eaeea-oi niauoey eee n/eoaoue, /oi oaeia caaaaiea ninoiyeinue. Yoei
iieuecothony iioaiieee iniaiai ?iaea, i?iiuoeythuea ia naaaeueaao,
aaieaoao e i?acaioaoeeyo. Iie i?iae?athony a cae, aaea i?ioiaeeo oi?-
aeanoai, e iaaeaatho niaoeeaeueiua noiee aooueeaie ni nie?oiui e
aeaeeeaoanaie. I?e yoii ainoe ni noi?iiu aeaieoa n/eoatho eo ?iae-
noaaiieeaie iaaanou, a oa, a naith i/a?aaeue, – ciaeiiuie aeaieoa.

Iaiai, iino?iaiiue ia naienoaao aiaeecaoi?ia, eniieuecotho
oieonieee e ea?oi/iua ooea?a, ii ia yoii ieaea. E?iia oiai, eaae-
aeue /aeiaae iaeaaeaao noaiaea?oiui iaai?ii ?aoeaenia, ciay eioi-
?ua iiaeii aeiaeoueny ii?aaeaeaiiiai ?acoeueoaoa. Aio caaaaiue aiae- ^
aeio ia yoo oaio.

Eaaeao ia e?uoa aeaa ee?ie/a: iieiaeie e noa?ue.

Iieiaeie aiai?eo:

– Aeaaae ni?uaiai. Oai aieco ioaeee eaeao!
I?uaioee. Eaoyo. Iieiaeie i?eniio?aeny e aiai?eo:

– Ie, i?iiaee! Ioaeee-oi a eanea!
Noa?ue:

– Anaaaea aan, iieiaeuo, o/eoue iaaei. Ye, ioaeee!
Ioaeee iiaeieiaao eeoei eaa?oo:

– *aai?

A ?iiaia ssia Oeaieiaa i ciaia-
ieoii noia?aaaioa anoue yieciae, eiaaea a?aae iuoa-

thony nei?ieoue aa?iy e?iaiaeaaeiui aeoeai. Ii noieo aaci?oaeiue *
ia?aae etheii a ii?neoth aacaeio, a iai?ioea iaai ?aniieiaeeeny ia-
aiaeye n aeioiaeie a ?oea. Eacaeinue au, auoiaea iao, ii oieueei ia
aeey Aeaeaeina Aiiaea. A ?oeao o iaai auea cieioay iiiaoa, iaca-
.
aeieai aei oiai ecaea/aiiay ec oaeieea aaiaeeoia, e eiaiii aa ii e
eniieueciaae aeey iaiaia naiaai i?ioeaieea:

.

A yoii yieciaea eniieuecoaony iaiai, iino?iaiiue ia i?eai-
oe?iai/iuo ?aoeaenao. Eo iiae?iaii iienae ?onneee oeceieia
E. I. Iaaeia, iacaaa eo ?aoeaenaie . A aeaiiii neo-
/aa caii oiaaoae iiiaou aucaae aaoiiaoe/aneee iiai?io aieiau
A?iaiaueea a noi?iio, /ai e ainiieueciaaeny iaoiae/eaue noia?a-
aaio. Iniiaiay oeo?inoue a iiaeiaiuo neo/ayo ninoieo a oii, /oiau
?acae?aaeeoaeue aue aeinoaoi/ii iaiaeeaeaiiui, a i?ioeaiii neo/aa
/aeiaae iiaeao caoi?iiceoue oaeie ?aoeaen aieaaui oneeeai i?e
iiiiue ei?u aieueoeo iieooa?ee.

O Ia?ea Oaaia anoue yieciae, aaea iaeia i?iieoeaoaeueiay noa?ooea
?aciaea/eea iaeue/eoeo, ia?aiaeaaoaainy a aeaai/eo. Caiiaeic?ea ia-
eaaeiia, aeaiueia a?ineea aio eeoaie ieoie n e?eeii .
Iaeue/eoea naeaeioe eieaie, /ai e auaeae naay. Ieacuaaaony, aea-
ai/ee, iaeaoua a ieaouea, i?e yoii, iaiai?io, ?acaeaeaatho iiae, /oi-
au iieiaoue a?inaaiue i?aaeiao a ieaouea.

Ai?i/ai, o?e ouny/e eao iacaae iiaeiaiue o?the i?iaeaeae oeo-
?ioiiue Iaeennae, /oiau iaia?oaeeoue Aoeeea, iaeaoiai a aeaineia
ieaouea. Ii ni naieie oiaa?euaie iiae aeaeii eoioeia i?eaue ai aeai-
?aoe Eeeiiaaea, aaea aianoa n oea?aaiaie aeee Aoeee. Oai iie ?acei-
aeeee oe?aoaiey aia?aiaoeo n i?oaeeai, a iioii aiacaiii iiaeaee
aiaaie eee/. Aeaaooee a enioaa ?acaaaeaeenue, a Aoeee noaaoeeny ca
i?oaeea e oai auaeae naay.

A i?ae?aniie eeiiea?oeia n o/anoeai AEai-
Iiey Aaeueiiiaei anoue yieciae, eiaaea aa?ith ioaeii iacaia/aiiui i?i-
a?aoueny a naith eaa?oe?o. Neiaeiinoue ninoieo a oii, /oi ia?aae eaa?-
oe?ie ?aniieiaeeeanue canaaea – aeaa niaoeaaaioa a aaoiiiaeea. Oiaaea
aeaaiue ia?niiaae oeeueia i?eaeaeaao e aeaeo ianeieueei ii/othueo
iiaeecinoe aiiaeae. Ii iaiaieaaaony n iaeiei ec ieueo naiae iaeaae-
aeie e a oaeii aeaea ono?aeaaao naaeeo iaiiaeaeaeo io io?aiieeia.
I?e yoii iie a?iiei ooiyo, ecia?aaeatho iueyioth ae?aeo e any/an-
ee neaaeyueo ca aeiiii aaaioia, iiea oa ia i?iaiiytho a?i-
aeya i?i/ue. Oae aa?ie Aaeueiiiaei i?ineaeuecuaaao e naaa aeiiie iiae
naiui iinii o a?aaia.

Eae y oaea oiiieiae, i aiciiaeiinoe iaiaia i?e iiiiue io-
aeaeathuaai iaiaa?a oi?ioi ciaee aua ae?aaiea a?aee. O ieo no-
uanoaiaaea eaaaiaea i anei?ieaiiie iaaeaaaeeoeae oea?aaia Aoaeai-
oa, eioi?ay, iiac?ineaa, ie ca /oi ia oioaea auoiaeeoue caioae. THii-
oai, eioi?ua aeiaeaaeenue aa ?oee, iia i?aaeeaaaea ninoycaiea a aaaa.
I?iea?aaoee aea aeieaeai aue oia?aoue. A aaaaea iia oae auno?i, /oi
. ia inoaaeyea naiei aeaieoai ie iaeaeoaai oaina. Eeoue Me-
eaieii n iiiiuueth Ao?iaeeou niia iaeieaoue aeanoieoth aeaao.

Ii niaaoo aiaeie ai a?aiy aaaa ii a?inae ia caieth cieioua yaeiee.
Aoaeaioa ia niiaea oaea?aeaoueny e noaea eo iiaeae?aoue, a ?acoeueoaoa
i?iea?aea ninoycaiea e auoea ca iiaaaeeoaey caioae.

O ioae/ei – naie ?aoeaenu, e, eiia/ii aea, naycaiiua n i?a-
e?aniui iieii. Neaeeo, iai?eia?, ia aaca?a oi?aiaaoe o?oeoaie,
ii neaeeo ia ia /ai iiiaei, a ia iaoi/ea n aeaiueaaie – aeey iaaeaae-
iinoe. Iiaeoiaeeo e iaio iieoiaoaeueieoea – aeiiaeeiea, aeeeia iia
eioi?ie ia?aoii i?iii?oeeiiaeueia ?acia?o aa oeieueiie thai/ee.
Iieoiaao eo?aao eee iaiaea?eiu, a eoeae ieacuaaaony n aeu?eie.
Anoanoaaiii, aeaii/ea iaaeaaaony, /oiau nia?aoue ?annuiaaoeany
o?oeou, aeaiiino?e?oy iio?ynaiiiio aeaeeaeoo ieaeiaa aaeuea (eee
aea aai ionoonoaea, /oi aeaenoaoao aua niianoeaaoaeueiaa). Aio ooo
e n?aaaouaaao i?aneiaooue ?aoeaen, iiaoaeaoee oaea iaiaei io-
aeeeia, – oi?aiaaoe einoeieoeaii i?eiiaeieiaaony, /oiau iieo/-
oa ?anniio?aoue i?aeanoe aaeieo?ie /a?iaieoeu. E niaeaeaieth, au-
aaao oae, /oi i?ecaieyaony ii ia?aoii ia ioa?aoeoaeueii oaa?aeoth
iiaa?oiinoue iano?oaaiie neaiaeee, a oi a?aiy eae eeoie /aei-
aae n aai aeaiueaaie oaea ia?aa?anuaaao caaaoiue iaoi/ae n aeiaa-
iie au?o/eie naiaio niiauieeo.

Ii ia aeoiaeoa, /oi io iaioaeiuo naenoaeueiuo ?aoeaenia no?a-
aeatho oieueei ioae/eiu. Oeuaaia, a oi/iaa oeuaaiyoa, n oniaoii ei-
ayo a noieeoeao – eae ioeoeeaeueiie, oae e naaa?iie – ia noaiaea?-
oiuo ?aaeoeeyo caacaeeo oo?enoie. Iie ca?aiaa iaia/atho naith
aea?oao – ninoiyoaeueioth aeaio, oaaoaiioth aeaeaiaiia?aoo?ie, e
ie?oaeatho aa, aui?aoeaay aeieea?u e ooiou. Ii yoi anaai eeoue
ioaeaeathuee iaiaa?, oioy io aoiaaeae n ii?o?aoii Aaoeiaoiia
nioaeua aeaoe noaiae oiaea ia ioeacuaathony. Iaeei ec ?aayo iiaeae-
?aaony e oo?enoea iiaeeaea ncaaee e ?aceei aeaeaeaieai aea?aaao
thaeo aiec, eioi?ay i?e yoii iau/ii niiecaao e iiaai aeaiueiu.
Oa einoeieoeaii auioneaao ec ?oe noii/eo e aiia?aoo?o, iuoa-
ynue iaoyiooue iaoa?eth ia?aoii ia aaae?a e i?ee?uoue naie eioei-
iua ianoa. A yoio iiiaio oeuaaiyoa iiaeoaaouaatho aeaeaieaia?o,
oioiaiia?ao eee ii?oiiia e ?annuiathony a noi?iiu. Iiiyoii,
/oi aeiaiaoue eo n i?eniouaiiie thaeie – aeaei i?aeoe/anee aacia-
aeaaeiia.

E a caeeth/aiea ?acaeaea i ?aoeaenao, ia eioi?uo ceaeaeaony
iaiai, aua iaeei aiaeaeio – ia noi?oaeaneoth oaio.

AEaia ii/ueth aeaeeo nii, aoaeoi nieo n ethaiaieeii, eiaaea iai-
aeeaeaiii iiyaeyaony ioae. Iia a enioaa i?inuiaaony, aoaeeo ioaea
e e?e/eo:

– I?uaae nei?aa a ieii, ieeue, ioae i?eaoae!
Ioae aneaeeaaao n e?iaaoe, aaaeeo e ieio, ?aniaoeaaao aai e
i?uaaao. Eaoeo e caiea e aeoiaao:

– *oi ca /a?o?! Iiy aeaia e?e/eo: i?uaae – ioae i?eaoae!
A eoi aea oiaaea y?

Ia niiniaiinoue /aeiaaea auoue iaiaiooui aeeytho ?acee/iua
oa?iaeieiae/aneea aauanoaa, ia/eiay io aaiaeueiiai aeeiaiey aei
i?aneiaooie . Aeaeae Eiiaeii ienae: .

Aua aieaa neeueiia aeeyiea ia aieth e niciaiea /aeiaaea iea-
cuaatho ia?eioeee. A ?iiaia A. Aethia anoue
yieciae, a eioi?ii Aeaioan oaiuaao naiaai ainoy aaoeoai e ?an-
neacuaaao i Oannaia-eai-Naaaa, eniieueciaaaoai yoio ia?eioee
aeey iaieioee?iaaiey ethaeueie. Ae?oaia eiy yoiai /aeiaaea auei

Ai?iue Noa?aoe.

.

Yoi iaeei ec ia?auo ecaanoiuo aa?iiaeoeai i?eia?ia ciiae-

?iaaiey ee/iinoe. Ai?iue Noa?aoe eniieueciaae naieo iiae?o/iuo
aeey ?ani?aau iaae iaoaiaeiuie aio ethaeueie. I?aaeaa?eoaeueii iaeo?-
iaiea eo ia?eioeeii, ii aeaaae ei caaeaiea i?iieeiooue a oio eee
eiie ai?iae e oie/oiaeeoue ii?aaeaeaiiiai /aeiaaea. Iaoiaeynue a
neeueiaeoae ia?eioe/aneie caaeneiinoe io aaoeoa, yoe ethaee
auee aioiau ia ana, eeoue au iieo/eoue i/a?aaeioth ii?oeeth. Iiie-
ii /enoi oa?iaeieiae/aneie yoe ethaee iiaeaa?aaeenue aua e iiu-
iie ineoieiae/aneie ia?aaioea – ei aiooaeinue, /oi ai a?aiy
i?eaia /oaeaniie o?aau iie ia naiii aeaea aiciineeenue ia iaai, a
iinea auiieiaiey naiaai caaeaiey iiiaaeoo a no?aio aa/iiai aea-
aeainoaa iaanaaaea. Iiyoiio iie auee naiuie iaoiieeiuie e

_ oaiaoe/iuie eeeea?aie naiaai a?aiaie, iieaaaaoeie, /oi eo
caaeaiea eeoue a?aiaiiay inoaiiaea ia iooe a ?ae. Iaoaeeaeoaeue-
ii, /oi iiiaea ainoi/iua aeanoeoaee oiai a?aiaie o?aiaoaee ia-
?aae Ai?iui Noa?oeai, noa?aynue ioeoieoueny io oa?icu iiianoue iiae
iiae aai iaaiiuo oaeeoe.

Aeey oniaoiiai iaiaia ioaeii o/eouaaoue oaeaea iie iaiaiuaa-
aiiai, oae eae niiniau iaiaia, i?eaiaeiua aeey ioae/ei, ca/anooth
ia ?aaioatho n aeaiueiaie, e iaiai?io. *oiau iaiaiooue ioae/eio,
ioaeii iaiaiooue aai ?acoi, iino?iea eiae/ii iainiiaaiioth oeaiue

N ?annoaeaeaiee. *oiau iaiaiooue aeaiueio, aai ioaeii noiaoue iaia-
iooue aa /oanoaa e yiioeee, ia eiaeeo aea aaoeo ?annoaeaeaiee iia
ia?aoeo ieieiaeueiia aieiaiea. Eae ieoao A. Eo?aaoia, \
iaoae “aeaeaciie” eiaeee, aiai?ei, /oi oaeia caeeth/aiea [L 83 jj

iainiiaaiii, ei??aeoii. AEaiueia aea iau/ii aeinoaoi/ii i?inoi
acaeyiooue ia i?aaeiieaaaaiue auaiae, /oiau iia neacaea, iiaeoiaeeo
ii eee ia iiaeoiaeeo. E ooo ia ioaeii caaeaaaoue aii?inia i oii, ia
eaeii iniiaaiee e ii/aio ii iiaeoiaeeo eee ia iiaeoiaeeo. Oaeea aii-
?inu ii ioiioaieth e aeaiueia ii iaiueoae ia?a iaoianoiu, a ii
aieueoiio n/aoo aanoaeoiu, eai iia, eae i?aaeei, e ia ciaao, ii/a-
io, eae e ia eaeii iniiaaiee yoi ae iiaeoiaeeo eee ia iiaeoiaeeo. Ae
i?inoi oae eaaeaony… Eee oae aeieaeii auoue… Eiiaaea iia aeaaea ii-
aeao neacaoue: “ss oae aeaeo”, “ss oae oi/o”>.

Oanoe?iaaiea iieacuaaao, /oi i?ioeaio aeaineeo ia iaiueoa, /ai i?ioeaio ioaeneeo ioeaie i?e ne?oio-
eaciii eiae/aneii aiaeeca. A aio auea?uo ai a?aiaie e a one-
eeyo i/aaeaeai. E aeaaea anee aeaiueia ciaao ?aciiu, eioi?ua ii-
?aaeaeeee aa auai? a aeueoa?iaoeaa aiciiaeiinoae, oi yoi aa ee/-

iua ?aciiu, i eioi?uo ni?aoeaaoue aeiaieueii aanoaeoii. Iiyoiio
eo/oa aicaea?aeaoueny io aii?inia. Oai aieaa, /oi a?acoieoaeueiiai
ioaaoa ana ?aaii ia iieo/eoue.

I?aeoe/iinoue aeaiueiu – aanueia ii?aaeaeaiiay aa?aioey
aeaaiiieo/ey e aaciianiinoe, i?oaeea i?ioea iaiaia. Yoei ea/a-
noaii i?e?iaea iaaeaeeea aeaiuei a ecauoea. Iaaea?ii aea eoi-oi
ec aaeeeeo neacae, /oi iaiaiooue iiaeii eiai oaiaeii: iieeoeea e
nieaeaoa, o/aiiai e iiyoa. Iaaiciiaeii iaiaiooue oieueei aeiiioi-
cyeeo.

5. Eiaeea e ?acoi

Eiaeea – iaeia ec iaeaieaa ae?aaieo iaoe /aeiaa/anoaa. Aua
ae?aaiea a?aee ia?aoeee aieiaiea ia oi, /oi n iiiiuueth eiae/a-
neeo iino?iaiee iiaeii, n iaeiie noi?iiu, i?eoiaeeoue e iiaui au-
aiaeai e iieo/aoue aeiiieieoaeueioth eioi?iaoeeth, a n ae?oaie – aai-
aeeoue ethaeae a caaeoaeaeaiea.

Iaeia ec oi?i eiae/aneeo oiicaeeth/aiee iacuaaaony neeei-
aeciii. I?e yoii ec aeaoo eaeeo-oi noaeaeaiee n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth
auaiaeeony o?aouea, iiaia. Aio, e i?eia?o, eeanne/aneee neeeiaeci
ae?aaiinoe, ian/eouaathuee ieiei aeaoo ouny/ eao:

Ana ethaee nia?oiu.
Nie?ao – /aeiaae.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, Nie?ao nia?oae.

Iaaei ioiaoeoue, /oi iino?iaiea neeeiaeciia iiae/eiyaony no?i-
aei e auaa?aiiui aaeaie caeiiai, aac niaethaeaiey eioi?uo eaa-
ei aianoue a eiae/aneoth ioeaeo. Aicueiai ae?oaie neeeiaeci, a ei-
oi?ii ia?ooaiu caeiiu eiaeee, e oaeaeei, /oi ec yoiai auoiaeeo:

Ae?aaiea a?aee i?iecaaee aaee/aeoea ia?acoeu e?an-
ii?a/ey.

Nia?oaioeu – ae?aaiea a?aee.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, nia?oaioeu i?iecaaee aaee/aeoea
ia?acoeu e?anii?a/ey.

Ii aeaiiue auaiae niaa?oaiii ia niioaaonoaoao enoeia, eai
nia?oaioeu eae ?ac ioee/aeenue iie/aeeainoueth e eaeiie/iinoueth
(enoaoe, neiai eae ?ac e iioei io iacaaiey no?a-
iu Eaeiiee, aaea iie iaeoaee). Eiaeiue auaiae iieo/eeny ec-ca
oiai, /oi a ia?aii e ai aoi?ii noaeaeaiee iu eiaai aeaei n /anoiu-
ie iaia?anaeathueieny iiiaeanoaaie, ec eioi?uo iaeuecy
aeaeaoue iiaiai eiae/anee i?aaeeueiiai oiicaeeth/aiey.

Eee ae?oaie i?eia?, aaea eaaeaeia acyoia a ioaeaeueiinoe noaeaea-
iea a?iaea au i?aaeeueii, a auaiae ec ieo ieacuaaaony aano?aeiui:

Eoi iaeaieaa aieiaeai, oio e ano aieueoa.

Eoi iaiueoa ano, oio iaeaieaa aieiaeai.

Auaiae: eoi ano aieueoa, oio iaiueoa ano.
Yoi iaiiieiaao aeaoneoth ianaieo:

Eoi aieueoa o/eony, oio aieueoa /eoaao,

Eoi aieueoa /eoaao, oio aieueoa ciaao,

Eoi aieueoa ciaao, oio aieueoa caauaaao,

Eoi aieueoa caauaaao, oio iaiueoa ciaao.

Oae ca/ai o/eoueny, o?a-ey-ey-ey-ey?!
Ia naiii aeaea eaaeaeue ec auoai?eaaaeaiiuo ia?aaeienia eia-
ao aiieia ii?aaeaeaiiue ecuyi a naiae eiae/aneie no?oeoo?a, ei-
oi?ue aac o?oaea iaia?oaeeo ciaoie, ii ia n?aco ?aniiciaao iau/-
iue /aeiaae. Naiua ?ani?ino?aiaiiua niiniau caiooaoue niaanaae-
ieea – yoi iiaeiaieoue /anoiua e iauea iiiyoey. Aio i?eia?
neeeiaecia, acyoue ec o/aaieea eiaeee i?ioanni?a A. *aeiaii-
aa, ecaeaiiiai a 1915 aiaeo:

Aeeea?e oe?aoatho naay ia?ueyie.

Aeaiu oe?aoatho naay ia?ueyie. Neaaeiaaoaeueii…
Ae?aaiea a?aee auee i?ae?aniuie ianoa?aie eiae/aneeo ii-
no?iaiee.

Niaeanii eaaaiaea, i?e iiiiue eiae/aneiai neeeiaecia ae?aa-
iaa?a/aneee aaniiienaoe Ycii nian naiaai oicyeia Enaioa io ia-
ieioaiiai ?aci?aiey. Oio a iueyiii aeaea eae-oi iioaanoaeny ia
nii?, /oi iiaeao cai?inoi auieoue ii?a, i?e/ai ii i?e naeaeaoaeyo
ii?o/eeny anai naiei eiouanoaii. Iaoo?i, i?io?acaaa, Enaio
i?eoae a oaean io naiaai aacoiiiai ia?e, e eeoue ioae?inoue Yciia
iiiiaea oaanooio aueoe ec neiaeiie aeeciaiiie ia?aae?yae. Aai
?aa iiaeneacae naiaio aaniooiiio oicyeio, eae auiooaoueny ec
noieue iai?inoie neooaoeee.

I?eaey ia aa?aa ii?y, Enaio ca/a?iioe iieioth /aoo e ia aea-
cao o aeanyoeia ecoieaiiuo c?eoaeae iiaeian aa ei ?oo. Iioii caaeo-
iaeny e ia?ani?inee o naiaai iiiiiaioa:

Iieo/ea ooaa?aeeoaeueiue ioaao, Enaio caaeoi/eai neacae: .

*aeiaae, n eioi?ui ii nii?ee, iaiiiai iiiyeny e ioaaoee,
/oi ia iiaeao yoiai naeaeaoue. Ia yoii nii? e caeii/eeny. Ianoiue
noaeuey iiaeoaa?aeee, /oi a iai iao i?iea?aaoaai. Enaio nio?aiee
naia eiouanoai.

Eaaaiaea ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi ciaiaieoue i?aoi? Aeaiinoai, en-
iieuecoy caeiiu eiaeee, aiai?ee oae oaaaeeoaeueii, /oi, aoaeo/e ii-
aa?aeaiiui ia caieth naiei i?ioeaieeii ai a?aiy nii?oeaiuo ni-
noycaiee, niia oaaaeeoue c?eoaeae, /oi yoi ii noae iiaaaeeoaeai
noaaoee. O?oaeii a yoi iiaa?eoue? Aeaenoaeoaeueii. Ii iiaeii ee aac
aeaeeiuo i?ioeai?a/ee aeieacaoue, /oi aeeaie e ia?oaue – oiaeaea-
noaaiiua iiiyoey? Iai yoi i?aaenoaaeyaony ii/oe iaaiciiaeiui,
a aio Aeaiinoai eaaei ni?aaeyeny n iiaeiaiuie caaeaieyie.
Iieoia?oaue – oi aea naiia, /oi e iieoaeeaie.

Anee iieiaeiu ?aaiu, oi ?aaiu e oeaeua /anoe. Neaaeiaaoaeue-
ii, aeeaie ?aaiyaony ia?oaiio.

Aienoeio i?aa aue Ea?ioooei, ooaa?aeaeaaoee, /oi . Eae
au oi ie auei, i?e iiiiue iiaeiaiuo eiae/aneeo aue?ooania
ethaee, eneooaiiua a eiaeea, iiaoo ii?yaei/ii
iaiiuoiiio /aeiaaeo, i?aa?aoea ?iia> a . A ea/anoaa
eeethno?aoeee i?eaaaeai neo/ae, i?iecioaaeoee ia Neoeeeee a aeaaae-
oeaoua aiaeu.

Iaeei neoeeeeeneee iaoeice aeieai oneieuecae io i?aneaaeiaaiey
iieeoeee, eioi?ay ieeae ia iiaea iaeoe i?ioea iaai oaaaeeoaeueiuo
oeee. Iaeiiaoe iaeei ?aii?oa? noioia?aoe?iaae aai ia ianoa i?a-
nooieaiey, eiaaea ii aoueae iiae a nieio iiaa?aeaiiiai i?ioeaie-
ea ec eiieo?e?othuae aaiaeu. Yoa oioia?aoey auea i?aaeuyaeaia
eae aeaaiia aeieacaoaeuenoai ia noaea.

– Iie iiaecaueoiue – aeia?aeoee /aeiaae e ia iiaeao auoue
oaeeoeae, – ia?e?iaae ana iaaeiaiey aaeaieao.

– A eae aea oioi? – yaeiaeoi inaaaeiieeny i?ieo?i?. – Aao
eeeaio aea?aeeo a naiae ?oea ?oeiyoeo iiaea, eioi?ui aue oaeo
iioa?iaaoee, e ia yoii iiaea inoaeenue aai ioia/aoee iaeueoeaa. Oa-
ia?ue au ia ioaa?oeoanue!

– Io /oi au, aaoa /anoue. Ii oae ieii e oaeaeae oie?athuaai
/aeiaaea, o eioi?iai ec nieiu oi?/ae iiae. Iie iiaecaueoiue ia-
aioeny, /oiau auoaueoue iiae. A yoi a?aiy aai e noioia?aoe?iaaee…
E yoiio inoaaony aeiaaaeoue aiaeaeio ec noi?oaeaneie aeecie.
Ioae aica?auaaony oo?ii aeiiie. Oeoi ioe?uaaao aeaa?ue, caoi-
aeeo a niaeueith, nieiaao a?thee, iinee, ?oaaoo. AEaia i?inuiaaony.

– Ou ioeoaea yaeeny?

Ioae n?aco ia/eiaao iaiyeeaaoue ia naay iaeaaeaeo:

– Ia , a – aeaeeoue, ia ?aaioo niae?athnue!

Eiiaaea i?ioeai?a/ea iaoiaeeony oaea a aii?ina, ii oae oiaei
caianee?iaaii, /oi ioaa/athuee iiiaaeaao ai?inae, n?aco aea ia-
/eiay iuneeoue a iaaa?iii iai?aaeaiee. Io aio, iai?eia?, ia-
neiaeiay a?eoiaoe/aneay caaea/a aeey oanoiai eeanna. Eioa?anii,
ca neieueei a?aiaie au niiaeaoa aa ?aoeoue?

Neieueei ia aa?aca yaeie, anee anoue ainaiue no/eia, a ia eaae-
aeii no/ea ii iyoe yaeie?

Oae, ia/aee oiiiaeaoue? Cia/eo, oaea i?iea?aee… Iai?aaey-
thuee eiioaeno iai?iecaieueii canoaaeyao aeaaiia aieiaiea oaea-
eyoue iiaen/aoai. Yoiio aea niinianoaotho e o?acu oeia , e o. i. Ana yoi
iano?aeaaao ia n/ao, i?e/ai auno?ue, a oi a?aiy eae a aeaiiii
neo/aa ioaeii inoaiiaeoueny e iiaeoiaoue: a iiaoo ee ?anoe yaeiee
ia aa?aca?

Ae?oaie aii?in ec noiaeae na?ee, ii oaea ioiinyueeny e aaoa-
io ee/iiio iiuoo: neieueei ie?iaeeia au iiaeaoa nuanoue iaoiuae?

Iiaeoiaee? ?aoeee? Iau/iue iooue niciaiey – eeoi?aaei/-
iia i?eeeaeuaaiea aiciiaeiinoae naiaai aeaeoaeea i?e iiaeiuaiey
caao?aea. Ia naiii aeaea any – a neiaa : aaaeue
oaea aoi?ie ie?iaeie aoaeao ia iaoiuae!

Ae-rs Oiaiea naiae eciu?aiiie eiaeeie aaiaeeoue i?ioeaieeia
1^ ~ JJ a caaeoaeaeaiea iniaaiii i?enoua i?aaenoaaeoaeyi iaeioi-

?uo i?ioannee, oaeei eae aaeaieaou, i?ieo?i?u, neaaeiaaoaee e,
eiia/ii, i?ioanneiiaeueiua ?acaaae/eee. Aio i?eia?, acyoue ec
eieae A. Iaenia?a .

.

E niaeaeaieth, noae ia aue aani?eno?anoiui. Iiae aeaaeaieai ia-
iaoeeiai ?oeiaiaenoaa i?eaiai? aue i?aaeii?aaeaeai ca?aiaa. Iaeia-
ei eiae/iinoue e naiaia?aciay eciu?aiiinoue caueou Ci?aa i?iec-
aaee ia noaeae aieueoia aia/aoeaiea.

6. Eniieueciaaiea ineoieiae/aneeo ninoiyiee /aeiaaea a oea-
eyo iaiaia

Aeey oniaoiiai iaiaia iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue aeaeaiey /aei-
aaea, eioi?iai iaiaoiaeeii iaiaiooue. Yoi iaiiieiaao i?eioeei
aeaeeo-aeaeeono: /ai neeueiaa oieeaao aan i?ioeaiee, oai aieaa iiu-
ioth neeo iieo/aaoa au a naie ?oee i?e oiaeii eniieueciaaiee ai-
aaiai eneonnoaa. Ii?aaeaeeoa, /oi aieueoa anaai oi/ao /aeiaae, e a
yoe iaeaaeaeu caaa?ieoa naie iaiai.

Eeethno?aoeeae yoiai iieiaeaiey iiaeao neoaeeoue yieciae Naaa?-
iie aieiu XVIII aaea, eiaaea Iao? I i?e inaaea Ia?au iaiaioe iiuo-
iiai iieeiaiaeoea aaia?aea Ai?ia.

I?aaeinoaaei neiai Aeaenath Oienoiio:

. [I ?’ JJ

*a?ac ianeieueei aeiae /aou?a ?onneeo iieea, ia?aiaeaouo a
oi?io oaaaeneie a?iee, ?acua?aee oi, ia /oi oae iaaeayeny inaae-
aeaiiue Ai?i, – i?eoiae iiaee?aieaiee Oeeiiaiaaoa. Noa?ue aa-
ia?ae iiiaeny ia yoo oaei/eo e i?eeacae ?ane?uoue ai?ioa, /oiau
oaea?eoue ii ?onneei n ouea. Nai ii iaaethaeae ca iiaeoiaeii n e?aiinoiie noaiu.

<...ii aaea aea nai oeeiiaiaao aua aeaeaeaiea o e ai oaeaeae eae ia iiaeneaeaaoee a iiaiia ca iaioeeiaui oie eo ioeoea no caiaoae aoaeoi caue- uaynue io i iiiuoaeny iiaa ii iaio iiaeaaaea- ee noaueee n naaeea... aoai iiaeieiaeny anaaeiee aieue- aeneiooie eioaaee ciaiy neeiieeinue iaio. yoi iia auoue oieueei oeeiiaiaao... neaca caiooeea aeac noa na niaiae aa aaeae iaaeiue ieoey aeacieoeo. aue iioiae oeeiiaiaaoa... iioi- aeee aieueoa anaai... ainiiaeei aaia eciaia oaiioii aaeuth- oaio aeno aeaeo aac aan oea iao oaaaeneee ioiaee iiaeaoue oiaao...>

Eiiaaea eaeay-oi nioeeaeueiay iio?aaiinoue ioaaouaaao ia iaeii-
ai /aeiaaea, a oeaeua iannu ethaeae, a aeaeueoa – nianai ii Aieueoa-
?o: . Ae?oaeie
neiaaie, anaaaea iaoiaeyony eiaeea ethaee, eioi?ua yoo iio?aaiinoue
aa?oony ?aaeeciaaoue. Anoanoaaiii, ia aac iieuecu aeey naay. Oae, a
30-a aiaeu, eiaaea i?aieii ?iiaioeee auee iaayiu aaeaoeey e ii-
ey?iua enneaaeiaaiey, ?inneeneea aeiiaeoaiu i?aaenoaaeyeenue aea-
aooeai a ea/anoaa eao/eeia eee aaieiaia; a 60-a aiaeu – eiaeaia-
?aie-aoiiueeaie, a nia?aiaiiua eiaaeanu a aanaaea n aeaiaie au-
aeatho naay eneeth/eoaeueii ca e?oouo aecianiaiia, eae ieieioi
ca iaiaaeaea?ia eiino?aiiuo eiiiaiee. Iauanoaaiiua iaeeaeaiey,
eae e ethaie ae?oaie ni?in, ?iaeaeatho i?aaeeiaeaiea, ca/anooth ia
anaaaea /anoiia…

15 iiya?y 1962 aiaea aeaaiue ?aaeaeoi? iieo/ee ec Aaeai?iaea nainaoeeiiiia niiauaiea OANN. Ia
nii?oeaiuo ni?aaiiaaieyo neo/eeinue *I. O iaeiiai ec ia?aoth-
oenoia ?aiueoa a?aiaie ?ane?ueny ia?aotho, e ii iiaen ia oainoa
naiieaoa. Oiaaea, /oiau nianoe oiaa?eua, ec naiieaoa aui?uaio-
ea aeaaooea, eioi?ay noiaea caoeaieoueny ca no?iiu aai ia?aothoa.
Iia ia?acaea eo iiaeii, e ia?aiue niia aeaaiiieo/ii i?ecaieeoue-
ny ia caianiii ia?aothoa. Aneaae ca iei ia caieth aac i?iaeai iio-
noeeanue e thiay aa?ieiy. A iiiaio niaa?oaiey iiaeaeaa aeaaooea
auei anaai ainaiiaaeoeaoue eao!

Ii caaeaieth ?aaeaeoeee a Aaeai?iae ooo aea ioi?aaeeny nio?oaeiee
aacaou – a?aoue eioa?aueth o niaeie ia?aothoenoee. Iaoa?eae i iiae-
aeaa iaia/aoaee ii/oe ana oeaio?aeueiua oacaou. Aeaaooeo i?eaac-
ee a Iineao, aaea ae ono?ieee oi?aeanoaaiioth ano?a/o. Nai TH?ee
Aaaa?ei i?eneae i?eaaonoaaiioth oaeaa?aiio. I iiaeaeaa aeieiaee-
ee oiaaeaoiaio aiaeaeth no?aiu – Ieeeoa Na?aaaae/o O?ouaao, ei-
oi?ue i?eeacae iaa?aaeeoue ia?aothoenoeo i?aeaiii. Ana au auei oi-
i. ianoi, aaea i?i-
lj>”? JJ enoiaeeee ni?aaiiaaiey. , – ana, /oi iia

iiaea neacaoue. Ii a aeieacaoaeuenoai iiaeaeaa o iaa auee iaa?aaeiua
/anu n aea?noaaiiie a?aae?iaeie. Yoe /anu iia iieacuaaea nae?a-
oa?th iaeiia ia?oee. I?aaaea, e /anu yoe iia iicaauea acyoue a Iin-
eao ec Aaeai?iaea. N?i/ii iicaiieee a Aaeai?iae e i?eeacaee yaeoue-
ny a noieeoeo eino?oeoi?o ia?aothoiiai nii?oa aianoa n /anaie.

Iaoo?i i?eaoae aeaeiue ioae/eia, ii aic?anoo aiaeyueeny aea-
aooea a iooeu. Ii i?eaac iaa?aaeiua /anu n a?aae?iaeie. Oieueei
aio iaaeienue ia ieo auea /ooue ae?oaay. Iaiai ane?ueny. Ieacaeinue,
/oi o thiie aue ?iiai n eino?oeoi?ii. Iaeiaaeaeu aetha-
eaiiua ioi?aaeeenue e ii?th ia o?e iaaeaee. Ia ?aaioa aea neacaee,
/oi aaeoo ia ni?aaiiaaiey. Aeey oaaaeeoaeueiinoe aa?ie-ethaiaiee
I i?eaeoiae enoi?eth ni nianaieai a aicaeooa e caeacae a?aaa?o /anu
n niioaaonoaothuae iaaeienueth. Ia ?iaeiii caaiaea ?anneac i iiaeaeaa
i?iecaae iaecaeaaeeiia aia/aoeaiea. Ec caaiaeneie aacaou eioi?-
iaoeey iiiaea a iaeanoioth e auea caia/aia ei??aniiiaeaioaie oeai-
o?aeueiuo aacao e OANN. Oaeaa?aoiia aaaionoai ?ani?ino?aieei
aanoue i ia anth no?aio. A eoiaa ?annae?aiaaoee
O?ouaa niye n ?aaiou caaioaeaeii eioi?iaoeee ; aeinoa-
einue e ae?oaei aeo?iaeenoai, ia i?iaa?eaoei oaeo oaeeaeoaeueii-
ai nianaiey a aicaeooa ia?aae ioaeeeaoeeae.

Ecaanoiue aeo?iaeeno A. Ianeia, ?anneacuaay ia yoii neo/aa,
ioia/aao iaeii ianoiyoaeuenoai, aeaaiaea?y eioi?iio niiieoaeueiue
oaeo ieacaeny aeinoiyieai aeaniinoe e aue ?acaeoo aei
ananithciiai ianooaaa. Oi auei a?aiy aa?iaa, eiaaea yeiiiie/a-
neea noeioeu ?aaioaee i/aiue neaai e oieueei ii?aeueiue iiaeuai
iia aicaoaeeoue yiooceaci iann. A eiaaea ?aaeueiuo aa?iaa ia oaaoa-
ei, eo i?eoiaeeeinue auaeoiuaaoue. E oiaaea aeaeaaiia auaeaaaee ca
aeaenoaeoaeueiia. Iiyoiio eiaaea eioi?iaoeey Oaeaa?aoiiai aaaio-
noaa aeinoeaea ?aaeaeoeee aacao, iie ooaaoeeenue ca iaa eae ca niei-
ieieo. Ooo auei ia aei i?iaa?ee. Aeaaiia – iieiaeaaeue iieo/aea
i?eia? aeey iiae?aaeaiey. Oae eiaeue iiiaaeaea ia no?aieoeu aacao e
a niciaiea ethaeae.

N oi/ee c?aiey ineoieiaee aiaeiae/iay neooaoeey iienaia e
a eiiaaeee Aiaiey. Ana /eiiaieee ai aeaaa n ai?iaeie/ei aeaeaee
i?eacaea /eiiaieea ec noieeoeu – e ia?aue aea oioue /ooi/eo ii-
oiaeee /aeiaae aue i?eiyo eie ca ?aaeci?a. Noiaenoai auei iaeii –
Oeanoaeia oiaea i?eaue ec Iaoa?ao?aa, ii inoaeueiia aei?eniaaei
aiia?aaeaiea.

Noieo iaiiiai neacaoue i ineoioeceieiae/aneie nooe iienai-
iuo i?eia?ia. A oeceieiaee aunoae ia?aiie aeayoaeueiinoe anoue
oaeia iiiyoea, eae aeiieiaioa. Yoi noieeee i/aa aicaoaeaeaiey, ei-
oi?ue, ?ac aicieeioa a ei?a aieueoeo iieooa?ee, a aeaeueiaeoai
eae au e naaa ae?oaea ?acae?aaeeoaee. Yoo caeiii-
ia?iinoue eiooeoeaii eniieuecotho a?aaeoaee.

Iai?eia?, ia?aaeaiey eaa?oe? aecianiaiia iiaoo i?ienoiaeeoue
neaaeothuei ia?acii: ioae oo?ii ooiaeeo ia ?aaioo, /a?ac ieiooo –
caiiie, aeaia aeoiaao: iaaa?iia, Aany /oi-ieaoaeue caaue, e, ia ?ac-
aeoiuaay, ioe?uaaao aeaa?ue, a ia ii?iaa – aii?oaeaiiua a?aaeoaee
a ianeao. Inoaeueiia, eae aiai?eony, aeaei oaoieee: cieioi, a?eeee-
aiou, aaethoo, eiii?oioth aiia?aoo?o a iaoie e eue aao?a a iiea.
Eo/oa ana-oaee, ioe?uaay aeaa?ue, ni?ineoue: ,
e aaue oeaeaa aoaeoo, e aaoa caei?iauea ia iino?aaeaao.

A aeaiiii neo/aa iinea ooiaea ioaea ec aeiia aeiieiaioie ea-
eia-oi a?aiy yaeyaony noi?oa, e a oa/aiea ianeieueeeo ieioo eiai-
ii n iei e aai ooiaeii naycaiu ana iunee, oai aieaa /oi aeeciai-
iue iiuo oeacuaaao ia aieueooth aa?iyoiinoue auno?iai aica?aua-
iey ec-ca caaua/eainoe.

Eiiaaea iioaiieee naie aucuaatho o naieo iioaioeeaeueiuo
aea?oa eaeoth-oi neeueioth iio?aaiinoue e /a?ac aa ?aaeecaoeeth eaa-
ei aeiaeaathony naieo oeaeae. Yoi i?eai . Aia?aua i eiie?aoiii aai eniieueciaaiee y oneuoae
ieiei iyoiaaeoeaoe eao iacaae io ciaeiiiai oaeaianoa?a.

Ieacuaaaony, ii i?e/eia /anouo ia?aiaaeia iai?yaeaiey a ia-
oae yeaeo?inaoe a aeaayoe neo/ayo ec aeanyoe ioeac oaea?aaeeiai-
ia?aoo?u naycai n iieiieie a aeiea ieoaiey. Yoi iiaoo auoue ia-
?ooaiea yeaeo?e/aneiai eiioaeoa a naoaaie aeeea, ia?aai?aiea
i?aaeio?aieoaey, i?iaie eiiaeainaoi?a eee aeeiaea a aeiea ieoaiey
e ae?oaea, ia noieue neiaeiua iai?eyoiinoe, ia cao?aaeaathuea in-
iiaioth noaio oaeaaeci?a. Iiyoiio yoio ianoa?, iaciaai aai oneia-
ii Aaneeee, i?eaey ii auciao e eeeaioo, ia?aui aeaeii iniao?eaae
i?aaeio?aieoaeue e naoaaoth aeeeo. Anee eeeaioii auea iaeeiieay
noa?ooea eee aeiiioicyeea, ia ?acae?athuayny a yeaeo?ioaoieea,
ii ia/eiae ?acua?uaaoue oeaeue niaeoaeeue, iai?aaeaiiue ia ia-
aiaoaiea ineoieiae/aneie aoiinoa?u. Aeey ia/aea Aaneeee o?a-
aiaae i/enoeoue iaaaeaiiue noie e iinoaeeoue ia iaai /enooth nea-
oa?oue. Caoai ii ia/eiae ieaiiia?ii auoaneeaaoue ec oaeaaeci?a
ana nuaiiua aeaoaee. ?aaeeieaiiu, nuaiiua aeiee, aeioeee n aae-
eaie aeeo?aoii aueeaaeuaaeenue ?yaeaie ia?aae iio?ynaiiie yoie
i?ioeaaeo?ie oicyeeie. Any iia?aoeey nii?iaiaeaeaeanue icaai/aiiu-
ie eiiiaioa?eyie ianoa?a, niune eioi?uo naiaeeeny e niaieac-
iiaaieth ai?th oicyeee, o eioi?ie i?iecioae oaeie neiaeiue e
?aaeeee neo/ae iieiiee oaeaaeci?a.

Caaaeea noie aeaoaeyie, Aaneeee nie?ooaiii ea/ae aieiaie e
aiai?ee, /oi oaia?ue ii ioi?aaeony ia iienee iaiaoiaeeiuo aei?i-
ainoiyueo eiiieaeoothueo, eioi?ua o?oaeii auei iaeoe a yiioo
oiaaeaoiaai aeaoeoeeoa. Aaaoeueea, ia?aae aeacaie eioi?ie noiyee
auiio?ioaiiue aei iniiaaiey ei?ion oaeaaeci?a e caaaeaiiue ?a-
aeeiaeaoaeyie iaaaeaiiue noie, ia/eiaea neacii oi?aoeaaoue Aane-
eey eae-oi iiniaeoue ae a yoii aeaea. Oio iinea aeieaeo niiauae, /oi o iaai anoue ioaeiay aeaoaeue, ii ii oaea iaauae
iinoaaeoue aa iaeiiio eeeaioo ca aeaaaeoeaoue ?oaeae. ?anno?iaiiay
aeiiaoe oicyeea i?aaeeaaaea ianoa?o aeaaaeoeaoue iyoue ?oaeae, e iin-
ea iaeioi?uo eieaaaiee oio niaeaoaeny. Ii caniauaae a oaeaae-
ci? ia?aoii ana aeaoaee, noaaee iiaue i?aaeio?aieoaeue (noieiin-
oueth aeaaaeoeaoue eiiaae!), e oaeaaeci? ia/eiae ?aaioaoue. Ecaaaeai-
iay io ia?niaeoeau iaaaeaoue ia oaao?aoea e niio?aoue oaeaaeci? o
ninaaeae, aeiiioicyeea aeieai aeaaiaea?eea a i?eoiaeae naiaai … AEanoiei, ia i?aaaea ee? Ii oaeeo iioaiieeia iieiui-
iieii a ?aaeueiie aeecie, e ioaeii auoue aioiauie e eo eio?eaai.

Iaaeaaii aacaoa ?anneacaea i neo/aa
ianniaiai iaiaia, a eioi?ii oaeaea aue eniieueciaai i?eai .

,-.,–^ I?aaenoaaueoa naaa, e i?eia?o, /oi au – eieaietha, niae-
[190 JJ ?athuee eeoa?aoo?o ii eaeie-oi eiie?aoiie oaiaoeea. Aea

e oiio aea aeeaaoa a i?iaeioeee, oae /oi auioaeaeaiu i?eia?aoaoue
eieae ii ii/oa. Ieacuaaaony, a yoii neo/aa au iiiaaeaaoa a , oae eae eaaei iiaeaoa noaoue aea?oaie iaiaia ni noi?i-
iu iioaiie/aneeo oe?i. A aacaoa (? 19,
1997) iienai iaoaieci oaeie iaoeiaoeee. Aio /oi ?anneacuaaao a
noaouea /eoaoaeue E. Iao-
?aiei:

a o?aoaeiaaiue
n?ie e ioi?aaee anth yoo i?iaeoeoeeth ia?aoii, iauyniea a ienueia,
/oi caeacia a “E?ii-I?ann Na?aena” ia aeaeae, e iii?inee aa?iooue
aeaiueae. Ii ioooaea, eae aiai?eony, ie ioaaoa ie i?eaaoa. Aeaeeii,
“E?ii-I?ann Na?aen” aeaenoaoao ii i?eioeeio: eo?i/ea ii ca?iuo-
eo eethao e nuoa auaaao… Aeaiiay oe?ia ?annueaao caeaaeaaoee-
ny oiaa? eiio oieueei iiaeii. Eoi-oi “i?iaeioeo” nae “aea?” iie/a,
a anee e aa?ioo – ia aaaea: iiaeii ia ioaa/aoue – aeaiaaeee-oi iieo-
/aiu. Aea e aica?auaiiue oiaa? iiaeii aua eiio-ieaoaeue ii-
neaoue – iiyoue i?eaueue>.

Ieacaeinue, /oi iiaeic?aiey /eoaoaey ia auee eeoaiu iniiaa-
iee. Nionoy iaeioi?ia a?aiy a aacaoo i?eoei ienueii io ae?oaiai
/eoaoaey – ?. Eaae?iaa, a eioi?ii oio iiaeaeeeny n ?aaeaeoeeae ii-
aeiaiuie aea i?iaeaiaie:

.

Ec auoaeceiaeaiiiai oi/aony naeaeaoue auaiae: anee aan iaia-
ioee iaeei ?ac, auioaeea eoieoue , ia aeaaaeoa naay
iaiaiooue aoi?e/ii, ioi?aaeyy caeaaeaaoeeny oiaa? ia?aoii ii-
oaiieeai. Eai au ia oieueei iio?aoeoa aeiiieieoaeueiua aeaiueae
ia ii/oiaua oneoae, ii e aeaaeeoa aiciiaeiinoue aua
?ac i?iaeaoue oio aea oiaa?, ii oaea ae?oaiio /aeiaaeo. Eo/oa inoaaue-
oa yoe eieae naaa ia iaiyoue – aiciiaeii, eo iaee/ea iineoaeeo
aai i?aaeinoa?aaeaieai ia aoaeouaa!

Iaoea ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi /aeiaae ia yaeyaony /ai-oi can-
ouaoei e noaaeeueiui: iaeioi?ua oeeiniou e ineoieiae

aiai?yo, /oi a i?eiaiaiee e /aeiaaeo aieueoa iiaeoiaeeo iiiyoea
, /ai . Aaaeue iiae neiaii iu ii-
ieiaai aeeaia nouanoai n ii?aaeaeaiiuie i?eciaeaie: ?acia?ii,
oi?iie, i?iyaeaieyie aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe, ioaaoiuie ?aaeoee-
yie. A ?acaa iiaeii neacaoue oaeia i /aeiaaea? Aai ?acia?u ii-
aoo iaiyoueny io 50 aei 180 naioeiao?ia ia i?ioyaeaiee aai aeec-
ie. O iaai oi iao coaia aiiaua, oi eo 20 – iiei/iuo, oi 32 –
iinoiyiiuo, e oi ia o eaaeaeiai (o iaeioi?uo ethaeae coau ioae?in-
oe aiiaua ia i?i?acathony). Iioii coau iiyoue auiaaeatho, oae /oi
e noa?inoe ethaee ieacuaathony a oaeii aea ninoiyiee, eae a a?oae-
iii aic?anoa.

Aea aia n ieie, n coaaie! Iaiythony e ae?oaea ia?aiao?u: aeaa-
eaiea e?iae, ninoaa aeaeoaei/iiai niea, no?oeoo?a nia, ino?ioa c?a-
iey e a?aiy ?aoeaenia. A eae iaiytho ineoeeo /aeiaaea ainieoa-
iea e aeeciaiiue iiuo! N aic?anoii iaiythony iaoe acaeyaeu, ?a-
aeoeee, oa?aeoa? yiioeee. Ii aeaaea anee iu aicueiai /aeiaaea a
iaeiii aic?anoa, oi oaeaeei, /oi ii niiaa iaiyaony iiae aeaenoaeai
eaeeo-oi niauoee, a oaeaea a caaeneiinoe io a?aiaie nooie eee
oa?aeoa?a ieoaiey. Ethaie /eiiaiee, e i?eia?o, ciaao, /oi e ia-
/aeuenoao eo/oa oiaeeoue iinea iaaaea, eiaaea iii aeia?aa. N ae?oaie noi-
?iiu, I. N. Oa?aiia ieoao, /oi

Niioaaonoaaiii e iiaeaa?aeaiiinoue /aeiaaea iaiaio – aaee/e-
ia iaiinoiyiiay, aieaa oiai – a ii?aaeaeaiiie noaiaie oi?aaeya-
iay. Ieaea iu ?anniio?ei neo/ae iaiaia, naycaiiua n iniiaiu-
ie ineoieiae/aneeie ninoiyieyie /aeiaaea.

Aethaeaiiue /aeiaae ioee/aaony io ethaeae, ia ia?aiaiaiiuo
iieiaeeoaeueiuie yiioeeyie. Ii niio?eo ia ie?, a a iniaaiiinoe
ia i?aaeiao naiae ethaae neaicue i/ee, /a?ac i?ecio nai-
aai /oanoaa. E niaeaeaieth, yoei iiaoo ainiieueciaaoueny ia/anoiua
ethaee, e neo/aaa oaeeo a enoi?ee iienaii iiiai. Iaeei ec ieo, ii-
aeaeoe, iaeaieaa ciaiaieoue, iineoaeeaoee iniiaie aeey oeeue-
ia , ioiineony e a?aiaie oea?noaiaaiey eiia?ao-
?eoeu Aeaoa?eiu II.

*oanoaoy iacaeiiiinoue naiaai iaoiaeaeaiey ia ?inneeneii i?a-
noiea, Aeaoa?eia II anaaaea auea ianoi?iaea, iaeeaeay aeaenoaee aic-
iiaeiuo i?aoaiaeaioia ia ?inneeneee i?anoie. Eiaaea ec-ca a?aie-
oeu i?eoea aanoue, /oi a Eoaeee iaoiaeeony iieiaeay, e?aneaay aaai-
oth?enoea, eioi?ay auaeaao naay ca aei/ue Aeecaaaou Iao?iaiu,
Aeaoa?eia II i?eeacaea a?aoo A. I?eiao noaaoeoue aa e aeinoaaeoue
a ?inneth. A?ao I?eia noiae aiooeoue eth-
aiaue e naaa, iinea /aai i?eaeanee aa ia ?inneeneee ei?aaeue e ia-
iaiii aeinoaaee a ?inneth. Oai iia auea iinaaeaia a Iao?iiaaeia-
neoth e?aiinoue, aaea anei?a e oia?ea.

Ae?oaie i?eia?, oaea ec o?aioeocneie enoi?ee, iieacuaaao, /oi
e ioae/eiu ia cano?aoiaaiu io oaeiai aeaea iaiaia. Eiaaea Iaii-
eaii a 1804 aiaeo caoioae i?aiiaeaoue noi?iiieeai ei?iey aeanoi-
eee o?ie, ii aua?ae aeey yoiai iieiaeiai ao?aiineiai i?eioea, aa?-
oeiaa Yiaeaineiai. Aai iaaeeaaeaei aue?anoue ec Aaaeaia, aaea ii oia-
aea i?iaeeaae, e aeinoaaeoue ai O?aioeeth, aaea ii aue ia?a/ai
ia nia?oue a iaceaeaiea ae?oaei ?iyeenoai.

Auiieieoue yoo iia?aoeeth ii?o/eee ainoiaeyuae caacaea o?ai-
oeocneiai oieiiaaea Ea?eo Ooeueiaenoa?o, e oio ia?aui aeaeii
eco/ee ana i?eau/ee e neaainoe i?eioea. Ieacaeinue, /oi aa?oeia
Yiaeaineee ethaee iaeio iieiaeoth aeaiueio, aeeaooth a No?anao?-
aa, eioi?oth /anoaiueei iaaauae. Ooeueiaenoa? n?aco aea iineae a
No?anao?a naieo iiiiuieeia, eioi?ua noaaoeee aa e aeinoaaeee a
iia?aie/iue ai?iae Aaeueoi?. Aeey a?anoa auea i?eaeoiaia eaeay-
oi oaaaeeoaeueiay i?e/eia, naycaiiay n ia?ooaieai ianii?oiiai
?aaeeia. Caoai ii iaienae iiaeeiaeiia ienueii i?eioeo io eeoea aai
ethaiaieoeu, a eioi?ii iia yeiau oiieyea i?eioea aucaieeoue aa
ec iaiaeeaeaiiiai caoi/aiey.

Ineaieaiiue ethaiaueth aa?oeia Yiaeaineee a?ineeny a Aaeueoi?,
iaaeaynue iiaeeoieoue oao, eoi a?anoiaae aa, e aucaieeoue naith ethae-
ioth. Iaeiaei ii aue ooo aea noaa/ai e niaoii aeinoaaeai ai O?ai-
oeeth. *a?ac oanoue aeiae ii noaa?eeiaaiiiio i?eaiai?o aiaiiiai
noaea iieiaeie aa?oeia aue ?anno?aeyi, a Ooeueiaenoa? ca i?iaaaeai-
ioth iia?aoeeth iieo/ee ia?iiiia aiciaa?aaeaeaiea.

Aicieeathuaa o ioae/ei /oanoai aethaeaiiinoe (a ni/aoaiee n
/oanoaii aeaeinoe eee aeaeaieai i?iyaeoue naay ) eniieuecotho e?eieiaeueiua yeaiaiou aeey ia
ethaaaiaeeueiuo . Aiaoieee Aa?aaea?o a eieaa
oae iienuaaao oaoieeo iiaeiaiiai iioaiie-
/anoaa:

.

Ianiio?y ia aeinoaoi/iue iiuo a noa?a e?eieiaeueiiai aec-
iana, ia yoo oaei/eo iaeiaaeaeu iiiaeny nai Aa?aaea?o.

.

Oae /oi, oaaaeaaiua /eoaoaee, anee aaea-ieaoaeue a ?anoi?aia
e?anioea ca ninaaeiei noieeeii aoaeao oiieyoue aan i naeaeaiee e?an-
ii?a/eaui acaeyaeii, caaeoiaeoanue, eaeoth ?ieue aai i?aaeiacia/a-
ii nua?aoue a yoii niaeoaeea. E eoi oai aoaeao ?aaeenna?ii…

Aiaaia?a ienae: . Ca ethaiaueth, eae i?aaeei, nea-
aeoao ?aaiinoue, aucuaathuay yiioeee ia iaiaa neeueiua, /ai aa ia?-
aii?e/eia. Ii?ie iia n oaeie neeie ioaaouaaao aeooo /aeiaaea,
/oi aeiaiaeai ?annoaeea oaea o?oaeii auaaao aeinoo/aoueny aei aai ?aco-
ia. E iiyoue iaoiaeyony ethaee, oiathuea ea?aoue ia yoie oi?ia neaae-
ei-ai?ueeiai aacoiey, iieo/ay naie eioa?an.

E aiiaue iu ia?auaainy e Aeaeiaaiie Aieea//i e aai :

\ iieacaeinue ae iiaeic?eoaeueiui. “Oae aa?ii, ia oia o iaai
IIa4 JJ oa aeaiueia, n eioi?ie i?aaenoieo aio caao?a aanaeeoueny e

ianeaaeaeaoueny, – neacaea iia naaa. – Io aea ia auaaoue aea yoiio!”
E anth ii/ue Eaoaeea aeoiaea oieueei i oii, /oi iia aio neaaeao iin-
ea oiai, eae iiaoaeao n iei.

Ia neaaeothuee aeaiue iia ioi?aaeeanue a aaie, e oicyeea i?iaa-
ea aa a oo oaiioth eiiiaoeo, aaea aa oaea iiaeaeeaeae ?e/a?aei. I?e
aeaea Eaoaeeu ?e/a?aei caeeth/ee aa a iauyoey. Iia, aieaey a ?ieue,
iaiyea aai e iioeaeiaaea, e ana yoi iie/a, /oiau ia auaeaoue naay.
?e/a?aei iiaeaae aeaio e e?iaaoe, e ia iae iie aanueia aeieai i?aau-
aaee, io eiaai i?aauaaiey iaeia noi?iia iieo/eea aieueoa oaeiaieue-
noaey e ianeaaeaeaiey, iaaeaee ae?oaay.

Eiaaea aea Eaoaeea ?aoeea, /oi ii?a ae eceeoue naia oaeiia ia-
aiaeiaaiea, oi a ii?uaa y?inoe aineeeeioea: “Eae ou aeoiaaoue, n
eai ou i?iaae a?aiy? ss Eaoaeea, a ia aeaia ?e/a?aei, aanniaano-
iue eciaiuee! Aaaeiay y! Eiai aea y noieueei eao ethaeea? Aio yoi-
ai ieayiiiai ina, eioi?ue, iieaaay, /oi aea?aeeo a iauyoeyo ae?o-
aoth, ca ei?ioeia a?aiy iiaea?ee iia aieueoa eane e ethaae, iaaea-
ee ca ana aiaeu, /oi y i?eiaaeeaaeaea aio. Iui/a ou aue a oaea?a,
oaeoaeeaue ian, a aeiia ou iaiiuiue, enoiuaiiue e neaaineeue-
iue”.

Oiaaea ?e/a?aei, naeaaea aa a iauyoeyo oae, /oiau iia ia niiaea
au?aaoueny, ia?aoeeny e iae n oaeeie neiaaie: “Ia aiaaaeoanue, aeo-
oaiueea! Aio? iao/ee iaiy aeiauoue oeo?inoueth oi, /aai y ia iia
aeiaeoueny iau/iui iooai: y aao ?e/a?aei”.

Oneuoaa yoe neiaa e ociaa aiein, Eaoaeea oioaea auei anei-
/eoue n iinoaee e cae?e/aoue, ii ?e/a?aei caaeae ae ?io ?oeie. “No-
aea?uiy, – niiaa caaiai?ee ii. – *oi iaaeaeo iaie auei, oiai
ia iii?aaeoue. Anee au cae?e/eoa, oi aaoa /anoue aoaeao iii?i/a-
ia, oae eae ethaee nei?aa iiaa?yo iia, /oi au i?aeuenoeeenue ia
aeaiueae e iiaea?ee, eioi?ua y aai i?aaeeiaeee a iaiai ia yoi nae-
aeaiea. A ai-aoi?uo, neaiaeae i?eaaaeao e oiio, /oi iu n aaoei
ioaeai aoaeai ae?aoueny, e eee ii oaueao iaiy, eee y – aai, io /aai
aai ia aoaeao ie ?aaeinoe, ie iieuecu. Eoae, iiy iaiaaeyaeiay, nie-
?eoanue, eai ia yoio aea?ceee iinooiie iaiy oieeioea oieueei eth-
aiaue e aai, eioi?oth y aioia iiaeoaa?aeeoue anaie aiciiaeiuie nii-
niaaie>. Eii i?eiyeny aa any/anee oeauaoue e oianeeaaoue, e
oae i?inee, caeeeiae e eaneae, /oi /a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy iia
naeaeanue e iiie?eeanue n iei. Eae nei?i iia iiciaea, ianeieueei
iioeaeoe ethaiaieea neaua iioeaeoaa ioaea, aa no?iainoue ii io-
iioaieth e ?e/a?aei onooieea ianoi iaaeiie ethaae. N oiai aeiy
iie aua ia ?ac ano?a/aeenue, iieo/ay io yoeo ano?a/ acaeiiia
oaeiaieuenoaea”.

Ii-aeaeeiiio, naiie noa?ie enoi?eae, aaea ?aaiinoue neoaeeo ii-
aiaeii aeey iaiaia, yaeyaony eaaaiaea i aeaaee iiao/aai Aa?aeea.
Aaaeue yoiai aiaaou?y, iieoaiaa, iiaaaeeaoaai iiiai no?aoiuo /o-
aeiaeu, n?aceea, ionoue e neo/aeii, aeaineay ?aaiinoue.

Aeaei auei oae. O iaai auea aeaia Aeayie?a e aicethaeaiiay
Eiea. Iaeiaaeaeu eaioaa? Iann iiiuoaeny iinyaiooue ia /anoue Aeay-
ie?u, ii aue oaeo Aa?aeeii i?e iiiiue io?aaeaiiie no?aeu.
Oie?ay, ii aeae Aeayie?a eiaa?iue niaao: nia?aoue aai e?iaue, eioi-
?ay yeiau iiiiaeao ae oaea?aeaoue ethaiaue Aa?aeea. Oa, io/eiay ?aa-
iinoueth e aiynue, /oiau Aa?aee ia ooae e Eiea, i?iieoaea /{–‘
e?iaueth Ianna oeoii e iineaea aai ioaeo. LL~?-

Iia ia ciaea, /oi aeey naieo no?ae Aa?aee iieueciaaeny neeue-
iaeoei yaeii Ea?iaeneie aeae?u, nio?aiyaoei i/aiue aeieai naith
?ac?ooeoaeueioth neeo. Iaaeaa ia naay i?eneaiiue aeaiie oeoii,
aaeeeee Aa?aee oia?, a Aeayie?a a io/ayiee i?iiceea naay ia/ii.

Eae ooaa?aeaeatho ineoieiae, eaaeaeue ec ian a aeoaeia aeooe
n/eoaao naay aeaai?iaeiui /aeiaaeii, niiniaiui ia aicauoaiiua
iinooiee. I?aaaea, aeeciue, ia anaaaea aeaao iai aiciiaeiinoue i?i-
yaeoue yoe aeoaiei ne?uoua /a?ou, ii oai ooaea aeey iaa… Ai?i-
/ai, aeoeeee eiiaaea i?aaeinoaaeytho oaeie oain, ia aanieaoii, an-
oanoaaiii. Aio iaeei ec i?eia?ia, eae yoi aeaeaaony.

E i?eee/ii iaeaoiio ioae/eia, eaeouaio aaeieue aeiia, ia?aua-
aony ieeay iieiaeay aeaiueia a ei?ioeii oaeaoeea, n ioni?iui
aaae?ii a ?oea e a aeiiaoieo oeaiaioeao ia aino iiao. Iia, iie,
auoea auianoe ioni?, ii aeaa?ue caoeiiioeanue, e i/a?iaaoaeueiay
iaciaeiiea i?ineo iiii/ue ae aa ioe?uoue. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy iia
aeeaao iaeia, oae eae ioae a eiiaiaee?iaea. E ae ia e eiio ia?a-
oeoueny ca iiiiuueth, e?iia eae e oaeiio aeaai?iaeiiio e neeueii-
io ioae/eia. I?e yoii iia i?ioyaeaaao ioaa?oeo eee noaianeo,
iicaeinoaiaaiioth yeiau o ninaaeee.

Iiiyoiia aeaei, /oi iaei eoi ec aeaeaioeueiaiia iiaeao onoiyoue
i?ioea noieue aeaeeeaoiie i?inueau. Anee, iieiau?yaoenue a cai-
ea, ioae/eia ioe?iao aeaa?ue, oi aeaeueiaeoee noeaia?ee iau/ii nea-
aeothuee.

AEaiueia ia/eiaao ooiii au?aaeaoue naith aeaaiaea?iinoue,
i?e/ai auaeaao aaainu, io eioi?uo iicae aeaeaioeueiaia neaaea
caooiaieaathony, a na?aeoea ia/eiaao ?aaioaoue n oaeaiaiiie /anoi-
oie. Aeenoaioeey iaaeaeo nianaiiie e nianeoaeai iinoaiaiii ni-
e?auaaony aei ieieioia, eiaaea a eaa?oe?o aeaoaao aiacaiii aa?-
ioaoeeny ec eiiaiaee?iaee ioae oicyeee n aeaoiy iauaienouie
/aiiaeaiaie. Neaaeoao ei?ioeay, ii yia?ae/iay noeaia, iinea ei-
oi?ie aeaeaioeueiai eoau?eii aueaoaao ia eanoieoeo. A aeaeueoa ia-
/eiaaony naiia eioa?aniia. Ethayuea auno?i i/eua-
tho eaa?oe?o, iaaeaatho oa naiua /aiiaeaiu e ne?uaathony a iaec-
aanoiii iai?aaeaiee. A ieeeoeey ii ioia/aoeai iaeueoeaa ia
aeaa?e e iienaieth naeaeaoaeae euao oiai naiiai neo/aeiiai i?i-
oiaeaai, eioi?ue oae iaenoaoe caoioae iiii/ue i/a?iaaoaeueiie
iaciaeiiea.

Eaeie aea auaiae iiaeii naeaeaoue ec aeaiiiai neo/ay? Aaoi? ia
i?aaeeaaaao ioeacaoueny io iiiiue aeeaeiei e aeaeueiei, iiiaaoei
a aaaeo, a oieueei niaaooao /anoii e i?enoaeueii aaeyaeaoueny a nia-
noaaiioth aeooo a iiiaio i?eiyoey ?aoaiey. Aeaeii Ie?iiio Ii?-
aai aiai?ee, /oi o /aeiaaea, eae i?aaeei, auaatho aeaa iioeaa aeey
anyeiai iinooiea: iaeei – eioi?ue e?aneai auaeyaeeo, e aoi?ie –
iiaeeeiiue. Iiaenioaeii iu anaaaea iniciaai iiaeeeiiue iioea, ii
ia anaaaea ioe?uoi a iai i?eciaainy naaa e oai aieaa ie?oaeath-
uei. Aaaeue, aoaeo/e a aeooa eaeaaeenoaie, aieueoeinoai ethaeae eth-
ayo aeoiaoue i oai iioeaao, eioi?ua e?aneai auaeyaeyo, e caeanue ?an-
/ao iioaiieeia aacoi?a/ai: iie i?aaeeaaatho niaa?oeoue iinooiie,
eioi?ue oaeiaeaoai?yao iiaeniciaoaeueiua ieciaiiua aeaeaiey (ii-
ciaeiieoueny iiaeeaea n i/a?iaaoaeueiie aeaiie, ioae eioi?ie a ei-
,–^, iaiaee?iaea), e a oi aea a?aiy iaea/ai a iaeayiea aeaai?iae-

^ JJ iiai aeaenoaey (iiiiuue iiiaaoae a aaaeo aeaiueia). Eii-

aeiaoeey iienoeia niianoeaaoaeueiay. Eoia – iacaneoaeaiiia ia-
aeiaiea ii noaouea 158/2 -ia iaiaa aia/aoeythuee. Iniaaiii anee
ianoiyueo aeoeeeia oae e ia iaeaeoo, a oicyaaa ia?aaeaiiie eaa?-
oe?u ?aoao ai /oi au oi ie noaei iieo/eoue io aan eiiiainaoeeth ca
oo?a/aiiia oeaiiia eiouanoai.

Eiiaaea aeey iaiaia /aeiaaea aeinoaoi/ii aai oi?ioaiueei ?a-
ciceeoue, e ii oaea aoaeao aioia auiieieoue oi, /oi oi/aony aai. Oa-
eie niinia iacaiaoii canoaaeoue /aeiaaea naeaeaoue /oi-eeai iienai.
a ae?aaiaeeoaeneie i?eo/a n aeeeiiui iacaaieai . Aa i?eaiaeeo X. oii Caiaa?
a naiae eieaa .

?anneac iiaanoaoao i thiioa, eioi?ue aeee iiae iiaeie naiaai
aeyaee. Aeyaey oioae eiaoue ianeaaeieea, ii ii i?e/eia i?aeeiiiiai
aic?anoa naiae aeaiu ia iia iaaeayoueny ia yoi. Ii eeoaeneei iau-
/ayi oiai a?aiaie aeyaey eiae i?aai acyoue a aeii iaeiaeieoeo e caaa-
noe io iaa ?aaaiea, ii oaeiio aa?eaioo i?ioeaeeanue oaoy thiioe,
ia aeaeaaoay aeaeaoue a aeiia iieiaeoth aeaiueio .Aeaey ia/aeue naia-
ai ethaeiiai aeyaee, thiioa acyeny aio iiii/ue.

Ia neaaeothuee aeaiue n oo?a thiioa acye ii?oiianeoth eeiaeeo
e noae ia?eoue ath caieth, ia/eiay io aeaa?ae aeyaeeiiai aeiia, e ca-
ieiaeny yoei oae oii?ii, /oi oaoea auaeyioea ec aeiia.

– *oi yoi ou ooo aeaeaaoue? – ni?ineea iia.

– ss iaia?yth o/anoie, – niieieii ioaa/ae thiioa e i?iaeie-
aeae naia caiyoea.

– *aai yoi ou acaeoiae iaia?youe iao o/anoie? – iieioa?ani-
aaeanue oaoea.

– Oaoooea, y aioiaethnue e aoaeouaio, – oaa?aiii iiyniee ia-
?aiue. – Au n aeyaeae iaiieiaeu, nuiiaae o aan iao e, aeaeeii, ia
aoaeao. Cia/eo, aeii inoaiaony iia, aio y e oi/o aai iaia?eoue, iioi-
io /oi niae?athnue aiineaaenoaee ia?ano?aeaaoue.

?acaiaaaiiay oaoea ia niiaea ie neiaa auiieaeoue io oaeie
iaaeinoe. Iia iiaaaeaea a aeii, ?acaoaeeea ioaea e ia/aea oiieyoue
aai, /oiau ii eae iiaeii nei?aa acye iaeiaeieoeo.

Ae?oaie neeueiaeoae yiioeeae, i?eaiaeiie aeey iaieioee?iaa-
iey /aeiaaeii, yaeyaony no?ao. Eae ienae Aeeoi? E?ioia, no?ao –
yoi yaeiaeoue eieoaeeue ec einoeieoa e aiia?aaeaiey. Noieo oieue-
ei aiaae?eoue a niciaiea ca?iaeuo yoiai /oanoaa, e /aeiaae auno?i
oa?yao niiniaiinoue e ?acoiiui aeaenoaeyi. A oaeie neooaoeee oaea
ia ninoaaeyao o?oaea ni?iaioee?iaaoue iaioaaiiiai /aeiaaea ia ni-
aa?oaiea auaiaeiuo iaiaiueeo iinooieia.

A eieaa ecaanoiiai eeoaeneiai aaoi?a Io Noieeiy anoue iaeia iiaaeea, iacaaiiay ii eiaie
aeaaiie aa?ieie – . E yoie aeaaooea iiae aeaeii aa aic-
ethaeaiiiai i?ia?aeny iieiaeie iiaana, eioi?ue aue noaa/ai aa
iooeii e a caaycaaoaeny noaaoea oaee aai. Ii aeaaooea ia ciaea,
/oi a oio aa/a? a naaeo aue ae?oaie /aeiaae, e a ii?uaa ai?y auaeaea
ia?iy, eioi?iai aeaeaea a ainoe. Ie/aai ia iiaeic?aaathuaai, aai a?a-
noiaaee e i?eaiai?eee e nia?oe. Ii ia/aeueiee ianoiie iieeoeee,
eioi?ue aeieaeai aue ooaa?aeeoue i?eaiai?, iaia?oaeee a aeaea iaei-
oi?ua no?aiiinoe e i?iaae aeineaaeiaaiea. Ii auoae ia ianoiyua-
ai oaeeoeo, ii ia iia iaeiicia/ii aeieacaoue aai i?e/anoiinoue ^
e niaa?oaiiiio i?anooieaieth. IJL*”

Oiaaea ii i?eaae anao iiaeic?aaaaiuo a iainaauaiiue aoaeaeee-
neee o?ai e i?eeacae ei noaoue ia iaeioi?ii ?annoiyiee io nay-
uaiiie noaiu, ec eioi?ie yeiau auoiaeyo aeooe. Iie aeieaeiu auee
iaienaoue ia nieia aeiiaiiai a i?anooieaiee iaaeieoaeueiue ciae.
*a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy ii auaae anao iiaeic?aaaaiuo ia naao, in-
iio?ae eo nieiu e oeacae ia ianoiyuaai i?anooiieea. – oaa?aiii cayaee ia/aeueiee iieeoeee. Aeaei a oii, /oi a o?a-
ia, iaioaaiiue aiciiaeiui ?aciaea/aieai ni noi?iiu naa?ouan-
oanoaaiiuo nee, oio e?aiei i?eaeeiaeny e nayuaiiie noaia, /oiau
aeooe ia iiaee einiooueny aai nieiu.

Noa?ui, eniuoaiiui niiniaii iaiaia yaeyaony aicaoaeaeaiea
iiaeic?aiee a ioiioaiee iaoaiaeiuo eeoe i?e iiiiue einaaiiuo
iaiaeia. Iiiaea aiy?a a oea?noai Eiaiia A?iciiai eii/eee aeeciue
naith ia ieaoa eee a iuoi/iii canoaiea ii eiaeiiio iaaaoo ec-ca
iaieaeaeueiie iiaeic?eoaeueiinoe aeanoeoaey ?one. Nouanoaoao ea-
aaiaea (aiieia niaeanothuayny n i?aaii A?iciiai), /oi ii iiaeic?a-
aae a eciaia e nianoaaiiiai nuia. A /anoiinoe, enoi?e/aneeie
o?iieeaie ioia/aia a?aaeaea iaaeaeo nuiii oea?y e Iaethoie Neo-
?aoiaui. Iiyoiio aiieia aiciiaeii, /oi e?iaaaue iaea/ Iaethoa
i?e neo/aa iia niaoeeaeueii aicaoaeaeaoue o Eaaia A?iciiai iiaeic?a-
iey ii iiaiaeo oea?aae/a. Ecaanoiue ?iiaieno XIX aaea A. E. Oie-
noie a enoi?e/aneii ?iiaia neeie oai?/a-
neiai aiia?aaeaiey ainnicaeaao iiiuoee Neo?aoiaa iaieaaoue oea?a-
ae/a. Ia?aoeoa aieiaiea, eae a?aiioii n oi/ee c?aiey ineoieiaee
a?inaao naiaia niiiaiey a ainiaeaiioth no?aoii e iiaeic?aieyie
aeooo oea?y Iaethoa Neo?aoia. Eae iieoiaiaeaie, ii eaiea aion-
eaao a niciaiea A?iciiai yae niiiaiey a i?aaeaiiinoe nuia. Ii aeaao
iiiyoue oea?th, /oi oea?aae/ ia i?i/ue caiyoue aai ianoi. I?e/ai ii
aeaeaao yoi eae au ia ii ceiaa, a aeaaea aeaeay oea?neiai nuia, eioi-
?ue ii iaouaieth aiy? caoaaaao eio?eao. I?e yoii Iaethoa i?a-
e?anii iniciaao iianiinoue noieue aea?ceiai iaaaoa, eioi?ue a eth-
aie iiiaio iiaeao ia?aoeoueny i?ioea iaai naiiai:

– I?i eiai aea? – ni?inee oea?ue n oaeeaeaieai, e /a?ou aai no-
aei?iaeii caaeaeaaeenue.

– Aeaeeoue, ainoaea?ue: Aieiaeeie?-oi Aiae?ae/ ?acaeoiae aino-
aea?noai iooeoue, aea aiy?a-oi ia ?acaeoiaee. Iie naaa ia oia: ia oaea-
einue, iie, aai ia oea?noai iinaaeeoue, oae iu iinaaeei…

Iaethoa caiyeny.

– Eiai? – ni?inee oea?ue, e aeaca aai caiueaee.
Iaethoa iicaeaiae.

– Ainoaea?ue! Ia ana i?eaiaea auaiaa?eaaoue. Iao a?ao aeoiae
A,–A aea aaaeae, a ycue aea?aee ca coaaie.
11 98 jj – Eiai? – iiaoi?ee Eiaii, anoaaay n ianoa.

Iaethoa iaaeeee n ioaaoii.

Oea?ue noaaoee aai ca ai?io iaaeie ?oeaie, i?eaeaeioe eeoei aai
e naiaio eeoeo e aieeny a iaai aeacaie.
Iiae Iaethou noaee iiaeeaoeaaoueny.

– Ainoaea?ue, – neacae ii aiieaieina, – ou ia iaai ia aiaaae-
ny, aaaeue ii ia nai acaeoiae!

– Aiai?e! – i?iecian o?eieui oaiioii Eiaii e noenioe
e?ai/a ai?io Iaethou.

– Aio-oi e ia oi au ia aca?aei, – i?iaeieaeae Iaethoa, ecaa-
aay oea?neiai aci?a, – io a aeieaeii auoue, iiaeaeee aai. Eoi e iaio
iiaeeaea, oio e iiaeaee. A ii, a?aoiue /aeiaae, iiaeoiae naaa: ia-
iiiai iicaea, iaiiiai ?aia, ana oai eii/eony.

Oea?ue ia/ae aeiaaaeuaaoueny. Ii naeaeaeny aeaaeiaa. Iaeueoeu aai noa-
ee ?acaeaaoueny e auioneaoue ai?io Iaethou.

Iaethoa ii?aaeeny. Ii iiiye, /oi ianoaea ii?a aeey ?aoeoaeue-
iiai oaea?a.

– Ainoaea?ue! – neacae ii aae?oa ?acei. – Ia eue eciaiu aeaea-
ei. Noi?ioeaiee oaie neaeeo noi?ioea oaay, ii iueao n oiaith n iaeiiai
eiaoa, ano n oiaie n iaeiiai aethaea, ieaouea iineo n iaeiiai iea/a!>

Iaeei ec ia?auo aeieoiaioaeueii iiaeoaa?aeaeaiiuo neo/aaa i?e-‘
iaiaiey iaiaia ioii-
neony e VIII a. aei i. y. Eeoaeneee eiycue Ooaiue, i?aaeoaeue aino-
aea?noaa, ?aoee caoaaoeoue ninaaeithth no?aio Eoae. *oiau iaeo?a-
eeciaaoue aoaeouaai i?ioeaieea, ii iiaeaioiaee oaeueoeaue
aeiaiai?, a eioi?ii iaauae iaeaieaa aeeyoaeueiui ieieno?ai e
aiaia/aeueieeai ninaaeiaai ainoaea?noaa e?oiiua iaa?aaeu e ii/ao-
iua aeieaeiinoe ca eo caneoae a ai?ueaa i?ioea eiycy Eoae. Caoai
eiaa?iue eiycue a oi?aeanoaaiiie ianoaiiaea aicaeaea ca ai?iae-
neeie noaiaie aieueoie aeoa?ue, iiae eioi?ui e caeiiae yoio aeiai-
ai?. Ooo aea auee i?eianaiu iaiaoiaeeiua aea?oau a ciae i?i/ii-
noe caeeth/aiiiai nithca.

Eiaaea eiycue ainoaea?noaa Eoae ociae ia yoii niauoee, ii caii-
aeic?ee a eciaia aeaaiue aiaiiue ooaa e ainoaea?noaaiiue niaao
e, ?acaiaaaaoenue, i?eeacae eo anao eacieoue.

Ecaaaeaoenue io yeeou a?aaeaneiai ?oeiaiaenoaa, eiycue Ooaiue aac
o?oaea ?aca?iiee a?ieth i?ioeaieea e iiei?ee ninaaeithth no?aio.

Nionoy aeaa n iieiaeiie ouny/e eao oaeoth aea eiiaeiaoeeth ?a-
cua?aea iaiaoeeay ?acaaaeea, /oiau iii?i/eoue a aeacao Noaeeia
niaaoneiai iieeiaiaeoea ia?oaea Oooa/aaneiai. A aa?iaineie ?ac-
aaaeea auee noaa?eeiaaiu e eneonii iiaea?ioaiu ?onneei aeieo-
iaiou, yeiau eciaee/athuea i?aaeaoaeuenoai Oooa/aaneiai. A ?a-
coeueoaoa ii aue ?anno?aeyi, a Niaaoneay A?iey anooieea a aieio
iaacaeaaeaiiie.

Yooaeoeaiinoue i?eiaiaiey iaiaia caaeneo io eniieueciaaiey
ee/iinoiuo iniaaiiinoae iaiaiuaaaiiai. Ianiio?y ia noiaeanoue
aeieiae/aneie e nioeeaeueiie i?e?iaeu ethaeae, eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua
?acee/ey-ethaeae aeiaieueii aaeeee. Niioaaonoaaiii e eaaeaeiio /a-
eiaaeo nouanoaoao iniaue , iicaieythuee i?iieeiooue
e aeoaeiai aai aeooe e aicaeaenoaiaaoue ia aai iunee e iinooiee.
Iiuoiua iioaiieee aanueia iiaeiaoi?aee a iienea oaeeo , iaai? eioi?uo a iauai-oi aeinoaoi/ii ia?aie/ai. ,/,–,

Aio /oi ienae ii yoiio iiaiaeo Aaeueoana? A?aneai: iL^L

.

Iniiaiie iaai? oaeeo aeeth/aao a naay aeaaeiinoue,
aeoiinoue, /anoiethaea, o?oninoue, neanoiethaea e aethaeeio ae?oaeo,
iaiaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo. Eoae, ia/iai n ia?aie.

A eieaa Ieeieay Iiniaa anoue yieciae, a ei-
oi?ii Iaciaeea ni naiei ae?oaii Eiceeeii euoo naaa i?enoaieua
ia ii/ue. Iie iiiaaeatho a ainoeieoeo, oicyaaa eioi?ie, eniieuecoy
neoiinoue naieo eeeaioia, a eiioea eiioeia iae?atho eo aei ieoee.

ainoeieoeo ai-
?acaei aieueoa, /ai ca iau/ioth. *oi ae, aeaaeiinoue e neoiinoue iaea-
coaia anee ia oaieiaii, oi oeiainiai. Aaaeue iaaea?ii aiai?yo, /oi
aanieaoiue nu? auaaao oieueei a iuoaeiaeao.

Iiaeiaioth oaeoeeo i?eiaiye iaeei aee?aeoi? oe?iu i?e iae-
ia iiauo nio?oaeieeia. Neeiiyy eiai-eeai e naaa ia ?aaioo, ii
i?aaeeaaae aio ca?ieaoo, eioi?ay ia ii?yaeie i?aauoaea oi, /oi
eaiaeeaeao a nio?oaeieee eiae a oie i?aaiecaoeee, ioeoaea ii auia-
ieaaeny. Niaeaci aue aaeee, e iiiaea ia iiaee onoiyoue ia?aae en-
eooaieai. A aeaeaa noeaia?ee aue iacaoaeeea. Ni aoi?iai ianyoea
i?aauaaiey ia oe?ia e iei iaoiaee/ii, iaoeeiiii e aeanoei i?e-
iaiyeanue nenoaia i?eaee?ie e oo?aoiaaiey ii ethaiio iiaiaeo.
A eoiaa au/aou ec ca?ieaou oaaee/eaaeenue, a naia iia oiaiueoa-
eanue, iiea ia noaiiaeeanue ?aaiie, a ca/anooth e iaiueoa oie, /oi o
/aeiaaea auea ia i?aaeiai ianoa ?aaiou.

Aiiaua i?eioeei iaiaia, iino?iaiiiai ia aeaaeiinoe, i?eia-
iyeny n iacaiaiyoiuo a?aiai eae ?yaeiauie iioaiieeaie, oae e
iiaouanoaaiiuie aeanoeoaeyie, anee o ieo ia auei ae?oaiai nii-
niaa aeinoe/ue aeaeaaiiai. Iai?eia?, oaeeo Aeue-Iaino?, aeeaoee
a VIII aaea, aue iacia/ai iaianoieeii a e?aeneee ai?iae Eooo aeey
nai?a iaeiaia. Iaeiaei /enei aeeoaeae auei iaecaanoii, naie aea
iie ioithaeue ia no?aieeenue i?eiyoue o/anoea a ia?aiene ianaeaiey
e any/anee oeeiiyeenue io iiiuoie eo iin/eoaoue. Oiaaea oaeeo
iauyaee, /oi a nayce n anooieaieai a aeieaeiinoue ii ?aoee iaea-
?eoue eaaeaeiai aeeoaey Eoou iyoueth na?aa?yiuie aee?oaiaie. I?e-
/ai aeey oiai, /oiau ieeoi ia iieo/ee uaae?ue aea? aeaaaeaeu, eaae-
aeue aeeoaeue i?e iieo/aiee aai aeieaeai aue ioiaoeoueny a niaoee-
aeueiii nienea. Oae oeo?ioiiue Aeue-Iaino? ia?an/eoae anao
naieo iiaeaeaiiuo, iinea /aai iaeiaeee eo iiaeaoueth a ?acia?a ni?i-
ea aee?oaiia eaaeaeiai. Ii?aeue naai enoi?e/aneiai nthaeaoa i?inoa:

oaeyaa ii?ie iaoiaeeony aanueia aei?iai!

Anee ieeiooue acaeyaeii aieueoeinoai aoa?, iaiaiia e ^–>\
neo/aaa iioaiie/anoaa, oi ieaaeaony, /oi aeaaeiinoue ca/anooth [j’Ouj

yaeyaony eiaiii oai e?th/eii, ia eioi?ue eiayony aeiaa?/eaua
i?inoaee, aeaeathuea auno?i e aac cao?ao iaiaaoeoueny.

Na?aae Aeiaeaoia a eieaa iienuaaao aoa?o, eioi?oth
i?iaeaeae aai aeyaey Eaiiieueae a iieiaeinoe n aeaaeaeueoeai oeaio?aeue-
iiai iaaaceia ai?iaea.

.

Iaaei ee aiai?eoue, /oi aeaaeaeaoe iaaaceia oae e ia aeiaeaeaeny
. Aai iiaeaaea aeaaeiinoue. Ii iia naanoe iieoiaoaey e
i?iaeaaoea e /anoii iieo/eoue naie eiienneiiiua, ii caoioae iieo-
/eoue iiaieueoa, ii nooe aeaea, iaiaioa aeaaeaeueoea ne?eiee. A a ?a-
coeueoaoa iioa?ye iyoue ouny/.

AEaaeiinoue, eee aeaaeaeo iaaeeau, eniieueciaaee aeey iaiaia a naiae aeayoaeueiinoe eiiioienou a 20-a
aiaeu iaoaai noieaoey. Eiaaea caeii/eeanue A?aaeaeaineay aieia a
?innee, i?iiuoeaiiinoue no?aiu auea ii/oe iieiinoueth ?ac?ooa-
ia, iiiiue aeaeaoue auei iaioeoaea, oae eae eaieoaeenoe/aneea
no?aiu, ianeieueei eao ai?iaoeany n Niaaoneie ?inneae, eiia/ii
aea, ia niae?aeenue iiiiaaoue ae ainnoaiaaeeaaoue ia?iaeiia oicye-
noai. E oiaaea aieueoaaeee ?aoeee nua?aoue ia aeaaeiinoe – anoa-
noaaiiii ea/anoaa ethaiai eaieoaeenoa. Iie i?aaeeiaeeee caiaae-
iui i?aaei?eieiaoaeyi naiua auaiaeiua eiioeannee – a?aiaeo
iaeaieaa i?eaueueiuo ?oaeieeia e ianoi?iaeaeaiee. Aiaeaeue ie?i-
aiai i?ieaoa?eaoa Aeaaeeie? Eaiei ia ne?uaae, /oi yoi ia onooi-
ea ao?aeoacee, a aa iaiai. A naieo noaoueyo ii ienae:

i Anee iu oioei oiaa?iiaiaia n caa?aieoeae – a iu aai oioei,

R’–^ iu iiieiaai aai iaiaoiaeeiinoue, – iao iniiaiie eioa-
__J pec – aiciiaeii nei?aa iieo/eoue ec eaieoaeenoe/aneeo

no?ai oa n?aaenoaa i?iecaiaenoaa (ia?iaicu, iaoeiu, yeaeo?e/a-
neea aiia?aou), aac eioi?uo ainnoaiiaeoue iaoo i?iiuoeaiiinoue
neieue-ieaoaeue na?ueacii iu ia niiaeai, a eiiaaea e nianai ia nii-
aeai, ca iaaeinooiiinoueth eiaoue aeey iaoeo oaa?ee ioaeiua iaoe-
iu. Iaaei iiaeeoieoue eaieoaeeci noaoaie i?eaueueth. Ii iieo/eo
eeoithth i?eaueue – aia n iei, n yoie eeoiae i?eaueueth, – iu
iieo/ei oi iniiaiia, i?e iiiiue /aai iu oe?aieiny, noaiai
ieii/aoaeueii ia iiae e yeiiiie/anee aai iiaaaeei> (Eaiei A. E.
Iiei. nia?. ni/. O. 42, n. 110).

Ia oaio aeoiinoe, noaaoae i?e/eiie iaiaia, iiaeii aiai?eoue
aaneiia/ii, iiyoiio y ia?aie/onue noa?ui aiaeaeioii: a eano ioae-
/eia ano?aoee ae?aaithth noa?ooo n aycaieie oai?inoa.

– Iieiaeie /aeiaae, – ia?auaaony noa?ooa, – iiiiae iia
ae?iaeoee aeioaueoue, y oaay ioaeaaiaea?th.

– Aea ii/aio aea ia iiii/ue! Aeaaae, aaaea.

Iiaeioee iie e aaooie ecaooea, a noa?ooa aio e aiai?eo:

– A ou ciaaoue, eoi y oaeay?

– Ia ciath. /

– ss eieaeoiuey. Ca oaith aeia?ioo iiao auiieieoue o?e naiuo
aieueoeo aeaeaiey. Caaaaeuaae, /oi oi/aoue!
Ioae/eia caniouaeny, a iioii e aiai?eo:

– Oi/o eiaoue , aeeeo ia aa?aao ii?y e aeaio-e?a-
naaeoeo.

– Io /oi ae, oi?ioi. Iieaeaoue nae/an i?yii, iioii naa?iaoue
iaeaai, oai oaeaeeoue aei?iao, a ia oie aei?iaa noieo iiaaiueeee
. Nyaeaoue a iaai, iiaaeaoue i?yii aei aa?aaa ii?y, oai e
aoaeao noiyoue oaiy aeeea. A iae e aoaeao aeaeaoue oaay aeaaooea iaae-
aeaiiie e?aniou.

Ioae/eia – aaaeaoue nei?aa ca naiei aeia?ii.

– Noie! – e?e/eo aaaea. – ss oaaa iiiiaea, a oaia?ue iiiiae
e iia.

-‘ *ai aea y oaaa iiiiao?

– Aeaaii y ioae/eio oi/o, eciaiiaath i?yii.

– Eaaeii, noa?ooa, – naeaeeeny ioae/eia. – Aeaaae, oieueei ii-
nei?aa. – Auiieiee ii noa?ooeio i?inueao e – aaaeaoue.

– Iinoie! – e?e/eo noa?ooa. – Oaaa aiaeeia neieueei?

– O?eaeoeaoue iyoue, a /oi?

– Yo ou, oaeie aieueoie, a a neacee aa?eoue!

E aeoiinoe aieioioth i?eiueaao eceeoiyy aeiaa?/eainoue, ca
eioi?oth oaeaea /anoi i?eoiaeeony ?aniea/eaaoueny naiei aeia?ii.
Aaeueoana? A?aneai i?aaeinoa?aaaao:

. IH03!

E?iia aeaaeiinoe, aeoiinoe e eceeoiae aeiaa?/eainoe, caoeai-
eie aeey iaiaia iiaeao auoue e o?oninoue. *aeiaaea eaaei iaiaiooue,
eniieuecoy aai no?ao. A. I. *aoia a iaeiii ec naieo ?anneacia iie-
nuaaao, eae noa?ue ii/oiaenoa? iaania/ee aa?iinoue naiae iiei-
aeaiueeie aeaiu-e?anaaeoeu. Ii ?ani?ino?aiee ii ai?iaeo neoo, /oi
aai aeaia niaeeoaeuenoaoao n ianoiui iieeoeiaenoa?ii, a?icie anae
ie?oae. Iiyoiio iieiaeua iiaanu ca aa?noo iaoiaeeee iieiaeoth noi-
?oao ii/oiaenoa?a e ia iuoaeenue ca iae ooaaeeaaoue.

I?aaaea, eiiaaea aicaeaenoaea ia ineoeeo iioaioeeaeueiie aea?o-
au auaaao aieaa na?ueaciui – ianoieueei, /oi iiaeiaiue iaiai ca-
eai/eaaaony eioa?eoii eee naiioaeenoaii. Eiaiii i oaeeo neo-
/ayo eniieueciaaiey no?aoa a ea/anoaa oi/ee i?eeiaeaiey iaiaia
?anneacuaaao aeo?iaeeno Ieoaee Coaia a aacaoa
(? 9, 1996). Noaouey iacuaaaony aanueia iiiaicia/eoaeueii:
e iinayuaia oaeie iiea ?aaeeie oi?ia , eae ineoioa??i-
?eci. Ai?i/ai, ?aaeeie – yoi ia ia?aue acaeyae. Ii aeaiiui aaoi-
?a, ineoioa??i?enoe/aneea a?oiie?iaee aeaenoaotho oaea a 97 ai-
?iaeao iaoae no?aiu, noa?aynue ia i?eaeaeaoue e naaa eceeoiaai
aieiaiey. Nooue eo iaoiaea neaaeothuay. Eeeaio, o eioi?iai a aeec-
ie eaeao ?iay iieina>, iaoiaeeo a naiai ii/oiaii yueea een-
oiaeo neaaeothuaai niaea?aeaiey: .

Aeaeueoa eaeao iiia? aaiiaioneiai yueea. Ana… Eoi-oi ec eth-
aeae, iieo/eaoeo oaeia ienueii io Eiycy Oueiu, iiniaaony ?icua-
?uoo e caaoaeao i iai, a eoi-oi – aieaa aia/aoeeoaeueiue e ian/a-
noiue – ?aoeo iii?iaiaaoue. Aeaeaa iioaioeeaeueiue eeeaio iieo-
/aao ooiaiiue, iieiue iayniuo iaiaeia aeiaiai?, a eioi?ii aai
ecaauatho, /oi aai aeooa, iiea a?aiaiii, ia?aoea ai aeaaeaiea oa-
einoaaiiiai . Anee a aeaeueiaeoai aeaea o eeeaioa
ia/ioo iaiaeeaeaiii iaeaaeeaaoueny, ii iieo/aao e?aoeoth oaeaa?ai-
io oeia . A nionoy ianeieueei aeiae aua
. iaeio: . E aeaeueoa iiiaicia/eoaeueiia iie-
/aiea…

A iioii aio ia/eiatho iaaeeaiii, ii iaoiaee/ii eaiaoue ia ia-
?au. *aeiaae ia?aie/aao. A?iaea au ie/aai a aai aeecie aua ia ia-
iyaony, ii eeeaio ana /aua caaeoiuaaaony i oii, /oi eoi-oi iaec-
aanoiue iieo/ee iaae iei eaeoth-oi aeanoue. Aieiaiey iiaeia?aaa-
thony /anouie oaeaoiiiuie caiieaie aeiiie e ia ?aaioo – eoi-oi
oaeinoaaiiue iaae?aao iiia? e aeieai iie/eo a o?oaeo. Iioii ia
aai aeaa?e iiyaeythony eaaaaeenoe/aneea ciaee, a eiaaea aea?oaa
^ ieii/aoaeueii , ae i?aaeeaaatho aueoieoue aeooo ia?aoii.
E eae i?aaeei, ethaee i?eiinyo aeaiueae. Aaaeue i?e?iaea /aeiaaea oa-
eiaa, /oi caaaaei/iua, o?oaeiiiauynieiua yaeaiey ioaatho aai aieue-
oa, /ai i?yiay e iiiyoiay oa?ica. Aniiiieoa, eae auaiaeee ec
i/i–^S aeooaaiiai ?aaiiaaney iiaeiieueiiai ieeeeiia?a Ei?aeei
IJL104JJ Inoai Aaiaea?. Ii ia/eiae n aano?aeiuo ia ia?aue acaeyae

oaeaa?aii:
eee
, iieiaiiiiie
canoaaeee Ei?aeei ec?yaeii iiaieiiaaoueny. Eae aiai?ee Inoai,

i?iecaaea ia iaoaai eiio?aaaioa iio?ynathuaa aia/aoeaiea. Ana
yoi noia?oinoao, oaeia?aiea. Ionoue iiaieioaony… Eeeaio ia/e-
iaao ia?aie/aoue. Nae/an ii ia?aoiaeeo io ooiiai iaaeioiaiey e aan-
i?e/eiiiio no?aoo. ss ia niiiaaathnue, /oi ii aneaeeaaao ii ii/ai
a iinoaee e aeaeiaii eaia/ao: . Aua iaiiiai, naiay
/aiooa, iineaaeiee oaea? eenoe – e ii ieii/aoaeueii aeic?aao>.

Eae ieoao Ieoaee Coaia, nia?aiaiiua ineoioa??i?enou aeey
aieueoaai aicaeaenoaey ia enioaaiiia niciaiea eieaaethueony eee-
aioia iiaoo iicaeii aa/a?ii iaiaeeaeaiii aio naao, iiae-
a?anuaaoue a eaa?oe?o ciae eee e?un eee iiaeaaaoue iecei/anoio-
iua ?aaeeineaiaeu, aucuaathuea iaiauynieiua i?enooiu no?a-
oa. Iethn iiaea?anuaaoue a ii/oiaue yuee a?ioth?ee ienoe/aneiai
niaea?aeaiey e ae?oaoth naoaieineoth eeoa?aoo?o. Ooo oae o ethaiai
ia?au ia auaea?aeao. Ai?i/ai, eae oaa?yao aeo?iaeeno, iaeioi?ua
eeeaiou niieieii ia?aiinyo yoio aaeaaai e niioaaonoaaiii nio?a-
iytho naie aeaiaaeee – iioaiieee i?aaeii/eoatho n oaeeie ia nay-
cuaaoueny (naaa aei?iaea). Ia eo aeieth oaaoaao neaaiia?aiuo e o?on-
eeauo ethaeae.

Naiia iai?eyoiia a yoii aeaea oi, /oi i?aeoe/anee iaaiciiae-
ii i?eaea/ue ineoioa??i?enoia e oaieiaiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca eo
aeayiey. Aaaeue oi?iaeueii caeiiia iie ia ia?ooatho, i?yiui au-
iiaaoaeuenoaii ia caieiathony. Eeeaiou i?eiinyo aeaiueae, ia ei-
eaiyo oiieytho eo acyoue, i?inyo aa?iooue ei eo aeooe. Ii iii?i-
aoeoa cayaeoue ia yoii a ieeeoeeth – aea aan aea ia?aiai ia niao ii-
aeuioo…

Eoae, no?ao iiaeao auoue i?e/eiie iaiaia. A i?eaaaeaiiii
auoa i?eia?a yoi aue ooiaiiue no?ao iaecaanoiiai, ii eiiaaea
iioaiieee no?iyo naie ieaiu enoiaey ec aiieia eiie?aoiuo o?a-
aia e iianaiee naiae aoaeouae aea?oau. A iiae ii/oa, iinooiea-
oae a ea/anoaa ioeeeeia ia ia?aia ecaeaiea ,
anoue ienueii, a eioi?ii ?anneacuaaaony eiaiii i oaeii neo/aa.
Ieoao Aeaia A., aeaiueia o?eaeoeaoe eao ec ?ycaineie iaeanoe.
A aa aea?aaith, a ninaaeneee aeii, /anoi i?eacaeaee iiainoeoue oeuaa-
ia. E aio iaeiaaeaeu ianeieueei eao iacaae caoea e iae iieiaeay oeu-
aaiea Iaoaoa, i?eianea iiniio?aoue aeo?iae . Ia
?oea o oeuaaiee auea cieioay ia/aoea, iiee?iaaiiay iiaa?oiinoue
eioi?ie aeanoaea, eae ca?eaei.
Aeaeueoa i?ioeeoe?oth ienueii:

<...aeaeueoa iia niiauaao ia ii yoi ecaanoea iaiy enioaaei a eeoue oaeeaeei niaiaaeaieai ca aiae aei oiai yoii niiaueea auaoay i einoe- oooa ioe naaa niiniaiinoe. y aiai aea iaeiie aeaiueia eioi ethaeo oiaeeoue e iiei ninaaeyi aiciiae- oioaeinue ociaoue eae io ecaaaeyoue aoaeao oeuaaiea. ioae ijjusjj ciae eo yeoeii aueaoaoue iinoaeue inoaaeoue iiae iaoo iiaia iieioaioea eiae- oi yeoei. aeaeueoa ai nia iii ioaea ian auoae ec aeiio oae o nianoaaiiii aeiia aae naeaeaa iaae niio aeaca oaa ss neaaeo aa iaiaioea aeaeo oieueei yoo iooeeoiaaiioth aeie- aeo yeoei oaean no nee aithnue aonaieoe yeoea eiaiii iioiaoay aonaieoea. oeuaaiea ni neiaaie: yoie aonaieoeu ioeoieoueny oaay iieaaeao ioaeae ioaa niaeaoathnue...>

Eii/eeanue yoa enoi?ey oai, /oi Aeaia ioaeaea oeuaaiea aeaa io-
?aca oeaie, aeaeaieannaou e aeaiueae – 110 ouny/ ?oaeae, eioi?ua
ae i?eoeinue caiyoue o ninaaeae. Oi?ioi aua, /oi o ieo a oio ii-
iaio aieueoa ia ieacaeinue. Oeuaaiea ana yoi acyea, neacaa, /oiau
ioaeo 3 aeiy ie/aai ia aiai?eea, eia/a ia?aeaeao ia iaai.
Aea aua aeey ?eooaea iii?ineea aeaoue ae o?ao eo?, eioi?uo oiaea
caa?aea n niaie, e oioia?aoeth oicyeee.

Aeaia ieoao, /oi i?i aa no?ao /a?aae oeuaaia iiaee ociaoue io
ninaaeae, o eioi?uo inoaiaaeeaaeenue, eee aeiaaaeaoueny naie – .

Ae?oaie /aeiaa/aneie neaainoueth, ca eioi?oth ii?ie oeaieytho-
ny iioaiieee, yaeyaony i?aeeiiaiea ia?aae anai aaeeeei, cia-
/eoaeueiui, iai?aeeia?iui. Aaaeue eaaeaeue /aeiaae neeiiai eniu-
ouaaoue oaeeaeaiea e ainoi?a ia?aae anai, ia aienuaathueiny a ?ai-
ee iauaeaiiiai: ia?iiiuie ninoiyieyie, aaeeeeie o/aiuie,
ciaiaieouie nii?oniaiaie, oieeaeueiuie yaeaieyie i?e?iaeu
e a?aiaeeiciuie i?iaeoaie a ethaie noa?a /aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeue-
iinoe. Iiyoiio, iaaa?iia, naiie ?ani?ino?aiaiiie eieaie iinea
Aeaeee yaeyaony Eieaa ?aei?aeia Aeiianna.

I. N. Oa?aiia iacuaaao yoi yaeaiea e ioia/aao, /oi .

Aniiiiei iaauaaeue oniao Inoaia Aaiaea?a n?aaee oaoiaoen-
oia ai?iaea Aanthee – e iieiai, ii/aio iie ia iiaee ioeacaoue aa-
eeeiio eiiaeiaoi?o a ne?iiiie iaoa?eaeueiie iiiiue.

E /a?ac ianeieueei ieioo aeaiaaeee aeiaa?/eauo aeeoaeae iani-

noiyaoaeny oaoiaoiie noieeoeu ie?a ia?aei/aaaee a ea?iai aa-
eeeiai eiiaeiaoi?a.

Aeaenaiae? E?oaeia ienae, /oi ai?aeinoue – oio ?u/aa, ooaaoea- ,
oenue ca eioi?ue iaieioee?otho ai?aeuie. E ai?aeinoe oanii i?e-
iueatho /anoiethaea e ouaneaaea, eioi?ua a oiaeuo ?oeao eaaei
iiaoo noaoue n?aaenoaaie iaiaia. Caiaoea, /oi neaaui ianoii a oa-
?aeoa?a iioaioeeaeueiie aea?oau yaeyaony /?acia?iay ai?aeinoue, ii-
oaiieee ia/eiatho iiaeua?uaaoue ae. A ?acoeueoaoa oaeie /aeiaae
/ooei iocuaaaony ia i?eoai?ioth iioaaeo e i?eoiaeeo a y?inoue,
anee aai ia caia/atho. Oiaei iaieioee?oy eanoueth e i?aiaa?aaea-
ieai, iiaeii aeiaeoueny io /anoiethaoea ioaeiie ?aaeoeee. Eniieueci-
aaiea /?acia?ii ?acaeoiai ouaneaaey a oeaeyo oie/oiaeaiey i?i-
oeaieea i?eiaiyee aeaaii. Iaeii ec ia?auo oiiieiaiee oaeiai
?iaea iiaeii iaeoe a eeoaeneeo eaoiienyo ca iyoue aaeia aei ?iaeaea-
noaa O?enoiaa. A eieaa iienuaaaony nea-
aeothuee yieciae:

.

Ii?ie iiaiaeii aeey iaiaia neoaeao ia eaeea-oi eiie?aoiua /a-
eiaa/aneea ea/anoaa, a noa?aioeiu iuoeaiey. A aiaeaeioa, i?e-
aaaeaiiii a yiea?aoa, aeaei ianoieo eiaiii oaeei ia?acii. I?iai-
aeie, i?ioyiooue io ea?iaia e ooo, aaoiiaoe/anee aini?eieiaao-
ny eae /anoue neooiaiai aiia?aoa; i?e yoii oicyeio oaeiai

iao ioaeaeu iaiaiuaaoue naieo niaanaaeieeia – iie
yoi aeaeatho naie, no?iy naie i?aaeiieiaeaiey ia iniiaaiee i?ioei-
ai iiuoa. Ii oi, /oi auaaao i?aaeeueiui noi ?ac, a noi ia?- ^–^
aue iiaeao aeaoue nianai ae?oaie yooaeo. ^[107]j

Niaoeeaeenou ec ieeeoeee niaaootho e oaeia n?aaenoai i?ioea
eaa?oe?iuo ai?ia: i?ee?aieoa aicea aeaa?e eaeoth-ieaoaeue ei?ia-
eo n iooiaeyueie io iaa i?iaiaeaie. Ei?iaeo ethaoth, aieioue aei
iaueiiaaiiie iueueieoeu. Ia ciay, /oi yoi oaeia, ai? iinoa?aao-
ny iaieoe aeaiioth eaa?oe?o, aeoiay, /oi iia naeaia iiae niaoeneaia-
eecaoeeth.

Aeaiiia yaeaiea ineoieiae ioiinyo e eaoaai?ee ,
oi anoue onoie/eaiai i?aae?aniieiaeaiey eiaeeaeaea e ii?aaeaeaiiie
oi?ia ?aaae?iaaiey. Oaeay i?aae?aniieiaeaiiinoue iiaoaeaeaao /a-
eiaaea e aeayoaeueiinoe e iiaaaeaieth a niioaaonoaee n aiieia ii?a-
aeaeaiiuie oi?iaie. A ?acoeueoaoa nouanoaaiii oiaiueoaaony noa-
iaiue iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe i?e auai?a oi?i iiaaaeaiey.

Iai?eia?, a aia?eeaineie a?iee aue i?iaaaeai yenia?eiaio.
Iyoa?uo nieaeao iiciaeiieee n eeoa?aoo?ie i ?acaeoee caaieaaa-
iee iinea ?aaeeiaeoeaiiai ii?aaeaiey. Anei?a ei niiaueee, /oi
an a?aiy o/aiee iie neo/aeii iiaeaa?aeenue iaeo/aieth, iiianoe-
ee eo a ainieoaeue e noaee eieoe?iaaoue ea/aiea. O /aoaa?uo ii-
yaeeenue neiioiiu, oa?aeoa?iua aeey eo/aaie aieacie. A iyoue –
eae ie a /ai ia auaaei. Ieacuaaaony, ii ia oaeinoaeeeny i?i/e-
oaoue i?aaeeiaeaiioth eeoa?aoo?o e ia ciae, eae aeieaeia i?ioaeaoue
aieaciue iinea ?aaeeiaeoeaiiai ii?aaeaiey. Eiuie neiaaie, o /ao-
aa?uo auea noi?ie?iaaia neeueiay onoaiiaea, iie /aoei onaieee
anth ea?oeio aieacie, a iyoue .

I?eaaaeo aua iaeei i?eia? ineoieiae/aneie onoaiiaee, ia yoio
?ac ec iaoae aeecie. A ai?iiaaeneie aacaoa (? 35/97) y ia-
ia?oaeee neaaeothuoth caiaoeo ia oaiu ai?iaeneie aeecie:

.

A aeaiiii neo/aa aoa?eno aeaaea ia ianee?iaae naie iaiai i?e
iiiiue oieoi?iu eee oaeinoiaa?aiey. Aai aeaaiui i?oaeeai
auee iaaeinoue e . Anee au ii i?inee i?eia?anoe
aeeaou, aai ?aciaea/eee au ia ia?aie aea inoaiiaea, ii ii o?aai-
aae eo, e yoi canoaaeei iannaaee?ia iiaa?eoue, /oi ia?aae ieie aeae-
noaeoaeueii eiio?iea?.

E ii naiei ineoieiae/aneei iaoaieciai i?e-
iueatho noa?aioeiu iuoeaiey, eioi?uo a iauaeaiiii niciaiee
nouanoaoao aaeeeia iiiaeanoai.

Iiuoiua iioaiieee oe?iei eniieuecotho eo a naiae i?aeoe-
ea, oi?iaeueii ia iiaeiaaeay iiae ea?athuoth aeanieoeo i?aainoaeey.
I?eia?ii iaiaia oaeiai ?iaea iiaeao neoaeeoue aeayoaeueiinoue a?i-
aey/aai oieonieea ionoaaiiai ooaan-eaieoaia A?eai?ueaaa, aano-
?iee?iaaaoaai a ?onneie i?iaeioeee a 70-o aiaeao i?ioeiai aaea
iiae a?iieei eiaiai . Eae i?aaeei, ana aai oi-
eonu auee iacaiuneiaaou ii oaoieea, ii aaieaeueiu ii eaeaa.

,/,–.s Oae, ia iaeiii ec aai aaeaaaiia aenaea e?oiiay iaaeienue:

IJL108]] . Caieaoea a?eaaiiee, iinaoeoa-

ee /a?ac oceee neaiciie i?ioiae ii iaeiiio /aeiaaeo iiiaaeaee a
iaeaiueeoth ioai?iaeaiioth eiiiaoaieo, eiaaooth aanueia oaei-
noaaiiue aeae. Noaiu aa auee iaeou /a?iui noeiii, iin?aaee ia
iaaieueoii aicauoaiee noiye /a?iue noie, a oeaio?a eioi?iai ia-
oiaeeeanue /a?iay aaca, i?ee?uoay /a?iie aea naeoaoeie.

O noiea noiye nai , o/oeai ano?a/aaoee eaae-
aeiai iinaoeoaey.

– Iio?oaeeoanue ieoiooue iaeaoe a aaco, – i?aaeeaaae ii. E eia-
aea iinaoeoaeue eniieiye yoi, Eaeeino?i i?aaeeaaae iiaeianoe iaeaoe
e iino: – I?ioo aan iiithoaoue!

Iinaoeoaeue ithoae e, au?aaeay iaoaeiaieuenoaea, eae i?aaeei,
aineeeoeae:

– Aea yoi aea iaueiiaaiiua iiiie!

– Iicae?aaeyth aan, au oaaaeaee! – oi?aeanoaaiii aineeeoeae
Eaeeino?i e, auno?i i?iaiaeea e auoiaeo ioaeiieaiiiai iinaoe-
oaey, aioneae iiaiai eeeaioa.

Aeaiiay oooea eiaea aeaieiie niune: ai-ia?auo, Eaeeino?i
oi?iaeueii auiieiye iaycaoaeuenoai, aeaiiia ei i?e aoiaea a y?ia-
?i/iue aaeaaai, – caeanue aeaenoaeoaeueii , oioy ana ii-
naoeoaee, anoanoaaiii, iieaaaee, /oi , eee ,
aoaeoo ei. Oaeiaa oae y?ia?i/iay o?aaeeoeey, e ionoaaiie ooaan-
eaieoai i?ae?anii ea?ae ia neiaeeaoainy o ethaeae noa?aioeia.

Ii naiue aeaaiue ?icua?uo caeeth/aeny a ae?oaii! Anyeee
iiauaaaoee a aai aaeaaaia e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, iiiaaoeeny ia noieue
iacaiuneiaaoue iaiai, aue e?aeia iaaeiaieai i?iecioaaeoei, ii
ia niaoee ?anneacuaaoue i naiai iici?a ae?ocueyi. Eiio aea oi/ao-
ny aunoaaeyoue naay iaaeaeaeei i?inoaeii? Iaiai?io, iaeo?a/aiiua
iinaoeoaee i?e ano?a/a ni ciaeiiuie ianoie/eai oaaaeaeaee eo
iinaoeoue aaeaaai Eaeeino?i, oaa?yy, /oi oai eo aeaeao iaauaaeia
oaeeaeaiea. Aeanoyuay eaeay ooaan-eaieoaia n aaniethoiie oi/ii-
noueth aiieiuaeanue a aeeciue. Iaeo?a/aiiua iauaaoaee, eioi?ua
iethynue e /a?ouoaynue iieeaeaee ciaiaieoue aaeaaai, ooo aea nia-
oeee naieo i?eyoaeae, cei?aaeii i?aaenoaaeyy, eae
oa n aeoiui au?aaeaieai eeoea aoaeoo noiyoue o aacu n iiiiyie, ?ac-
aeyaeuaay naie iaeaoe. N?aaaouaae aeaaiue noa?aioei: ieeoi ia
oioae aeaeaoue iaiaiooui oieueei naay.

Eaeeino?i aea i?eienuaatho e n ethaeiaaenoaii, eioi-
?ue ii iau/ii aeaiiino?e?iaae a iineaaeiee aeaiue i?aauaaiey a
eaeii-ieaoaeue caoieonoiii ai?iaeea. A aoeoa ienaeinue, /oi cia-
iaieoue iaa e eeethceiieno Eaeeino?i a iineaaeiai aeoa i?aaenoaa-
eaiey nuano aeeaiai /aeiaaea. Ioaeeea, caeio?eaiaaiiay oaeei
nainaoeeiiiui cayaeaieai, ia neoieeanue ia a?eaaiieee. Eiaaea aea
a eiioea aunooieaiey ianooiaei a?aiy , auoiaeee ia aaainoeaio e ia?auaeny e c?eoaeyi:

– Niaeanii naiaio iaauaieth nuanoue aeeaiai /aeiaaea, iiei?-
iaeoa i?ioo eiai-ieaoaeue ec aan iiaeaeiaaoue ei iia nthaea aeey ye-
nia?eiaioa.

Ca yoei neaaeiaaei a?iaiaia iie/aiea, caaa?oaaoaany y?ino-
iuie e?eeaie e ?oaaoaeuenoaaie. Ioaeeea iiieiaea, /oi iaoaeue-
iue iiyoue i?iaae aa, ii naeaeaoue ie/aai ia iiaea. Ieeoi
ia oioae ?eneiaaoue. A aae?oa yoio /a?oia Eaeeino?i e ai?aa- E,–>,
aeo ethaeiaae? \o09]

Niaoeeaeenou ec ieeeoeee niaaootho e oaeia n?aaenoai i?ioea
-eaa?oe?iuo ai?ia: i?ee?aieoa aicea aeaa?e eaeoth-ieaoaeue ei?ia-
eo n iooiaeyueie io iaa i?iaiaeaie. Ei?iaeo ethaoth, aieioue aei
iaueiiaaiiie iueueieoeu. Ia ciay, /oi yoi oaeia, ai? iinoa?aao-
ny iaieoe aeaiioth eaa?oe?o, aeoiay, /oi iia naeaia iiae niaoeneaia-
eecaoeeth.

Aeaiiia yaeaiea ineoieiae ioiinyo e eaoaai?ee ,
oi anoue onoie/eaiai i?aae?aniieiaeaiey eiaeeaeaea e ii?aaeaeaiiie
oi?ia ?aaae?iaaiey. Oaeay i?aae?aniieiaeaiiinoue iiaoaeaeaao /a-
eiaaea e aeayoaeueiinoe e iiaaaeaieth a niioaaonoaee n aiieia ii?a-
aeaeaiiuie oi?iaie. A ?acoeueoaoa nouanoaaiii oiaiueoaaony noa-
iaiue iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe i?e auai?a oi?i iiaaaeaiey.

Iai?eia?, a aia?eeaineie a?iee aue i?iaaaeai yenia?eiaio.
Iyoa?uo nieaeao iiciaeiieee n eeoa?aoo?ie i ?acaeoee caaieaaa-
iee iinea ?aaeeiaeoeaiiai ii?aaeaiey. Anei?a ei niiaueee, /oi
an a?aiy o/aiee iie neo/aeii iiaeaa?aeenue iaeo/aieth, iiianoe-
ee eo a ainieoaeue e noaee eieoe?iaaoue ea/aiea. O /aoaa?uo ii-
yaeeenue neiioiiu, oa?aeoa?iua aeey eo/aaie aieacie. A iyoue –
eae ie a /ai ia auaaei. Ieacuaaaony, ii ia oaeinoaeeeny i?i/e-
oaoue i?aaeeiaeaiioth eeoa?aoo?o e ia ciae, eae aeieaeia i?ioaeaoue
aieaciue iinea ?aaeeiaeoeaiiai ii?aaeaiey. Eiuie neiaaie, o /ao-
aa?uo auea noi?ie?iaaia neeueiay onoaiiaea, iie /aoei onaieee
anth ea?oeio aieacie, a iyoue .

I?eaaaeo aua iaeei i?eia? ineoieiae/aneie onoaiiaee, ia yoio
?ac ec iaoae aeecie. A ai?iiaaeneie aacaoa (? 35/97) y ia-
ia?oaeee neaaeothuoth caiaoeo ia oaiu ai?iaeneie aeecie:

.

A aeaiiii neo/aa aoa?eno aeaaea ia ianee?iaae naie iaiai i?e
iiiiue oieoi?iu eee oaeinoiaa?aiey. Aai aeaaiui i?oaeeai
auee iaaeinoue e . Anee au ii i?inee i?eia?anoe
aeeaou, aai ?aciaea/eee au ia ia?aie aea inoaiiaea, ii ii o?aai-
aae eo, e yoi canoaaeei iannaaee?ia iiaa?eoue, /oi ia?aae ieie aeae-
noaeoaeueii eiio?iea?.

E ii naiei ineoieiae/aneei iaoaieciai i?e-
iueatho noa?aioeiu iuoeaiey, eioi?uo a iauaeaiiii niciaiee
nouanoaoao aaeeeia iiiaeanoai.

Iiuoiua iioaiieee oe?iei eniieuecotho eo a naiae i?aeoe-
ea, oi?iaeueii ia iiaeiaaeay iiae ea?athuoth aeanieoeo i?aainoaeey.
I?eia?ii iaiaia oaeiai ?iaea iiaeao neoaeeoue aeayoaeueiinoue a?i-
aey/aai oieonieea ionoaaiiai ooaan-eaieoaia A?eai?ueaaa, aano-
?iee?iaaaoaai a ?onneie i?iaeioeee a 70-o aiaeao i?ioeiai aaea
iiae a?iieei eiaiai . Eae i?aaeei, ana aai oi-
eonu auee iacaiuneiaaou ii oaoieea, ii aaieaeueiu ii eaeaa.

‘/–^ Oae, ia iaeiii ec aai aaeaaaiia aenaea e?oiiay iaaeienue:

HggJJ . Caieaoea a?eaaiiee, iinaoeoa-

ee /a?ac oceee neaiciie i?ioiae ii iaeiiio /aeiaaeo iiiaaeaee a
iaeaiueeoth ioai?iaeaiioth eiiiaoaieo, eiaaooth aanueia oaei-
noaaiiue aeae. Noaiu aa auee iaeou /a?iui noeiii, iin?aaee ia
iaaieueoii aicauoaiee noiye /a?iue noie, a oeaio?a eioi?iai ia-
oiaeeeanue /a?iay aaca, i?ee?uoay /a?iie aea naeoaoeie.

O noiea noiye nai , o/oeai ano?a/aaoee eaae-
aeiai iinaoeoaey.

– Iio?oaeeoanue ieoiooue iaeaoe a aaco, – i?aaeeaaae ii. E eia-
aea iinaoeoaeue eniieiye yoi, Eaeeino?i i?aaeeaaae iiaeianoe iaeaoe
e iino: – I?ioo aan iiithoaoue!

Iinaoeoaeue ithoae e, au?aaeay iaoaeiaieuenoaea, eae i?aaeei,
aineeeoeae:

– Aea yoi aea iaueiiaaiiua iiiie!

– Iicae?aaeyth aan, au oaaaeaee! – oi?aeanoaaiii aineeeoeae
Eaeeino?i e, auno?i i?iaiaeea e auoiaeo ioaeiieaiiiai iinaoe-
oaey, aioneae iiaiai eeeaioa.

Aeaiiay oooea eiaea aeaieiie niune: ai-ia?auo, Eaeeino?i
oi?iaeueii auiieiye iaycaoaeuenoai, aeaiiia ei i?e aoiaea a y?ia-
?i/iue aaeaaai, – caeanue aeaenoaeoaeueii , oioy ana ii-
naoeoaee, anoanoaaiii, iieaaaee, /oi , eee ,
aoaeoo ei. Oaeiaa oae y?ia?i/iay o?aaeeoeey, e ionoaaiie ooaan-
eaieoai i?ae?anii ea?ae ia neiaeeaoainy o ethaeae noa?aioeia. ^

Ii naiue aeaaiue ?icua?uo caeeth/aeny a ae?oaii! Anyeee
iiauaaaoee a aai aaeaaaia e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, iiiaaoeeny ia noieue
iacaiuneiaaoue iaiai, aue e?aeia iaaeiaieai i?iecioaaeoei, ii
ia niaoee ?anneacuaaoue i naiai iici?a ae?ocueyi. Eiio aea oi/ao-
ny aunoaaeyoue naay iaaeaeaeei i?inoaeii? Iaiai?io, iaeo?a/aiiua
iinaoeoaee i?e ano?a/a ni ciaeiiuie ianoie/eai oaaaeaeaee eo
iinaoeoue aaeaaai Eaeeino?i, oaa?yy, /oi oai eo aeaeao iaauaaeia
oaeeaeaiea. Aeanoyuay eaeay ooaan-eaieoaia n aaniethoiie oi/ii-
noueth aiieiuaeanue a aeeciue. Iaeo?a/aiiua iauaaoaee, eioi?ua
iethynue e /a?ouoaynue iieeaeaee ciaiaieoue aaeaaai, ooo aea nia-
oeee naieo i?eyoaeae, cei?aaeii i?aaenoaaeyy, eae
oa n aeoiui au?aaeaieai eeoea aoaeoo noiyoue o aacu n iiiiyie, ?ac-
aeyaeuaay naie iaeaoe. N?aaaouaae aeaaiue noa?aioei: ieeoi ia
oioae aeaeaoue iaiaiooui oieueei naay.

Eaeeino?i aea i?eienuaatho e n ethaeiaaenoaii, eioi-
?ue ii iau/ii aeaiiino?e?iaae a iineaaeiee aeaiue i?aauaaiey a
eaeii-ieaoaeue caoieonoiii ai?iaeea. A aoeoa ienaeinue, /oi cia-
iaieoue iaa e eeethceiieno Eaeeino?i a iineaaeiai aeoa i?aaenoaa-
eaiey nuano aeeaiai /aeiaaea. Ioaeeea, caeio?eaiaaiiay oaeei
nainaoeeiiiui cayaeaieai, ia neoieeanue ia a?eaaiieee. Eiaaea aea
a eiioea aunooieaiey ianooiaei a?aiy , auoiaeee ia aaainoeaio e ia?auaeny e c?eoaeyi:

– Niaeanii naiaio iaauaieth nuanoue aeeaiai /aeiaaea, iiei?-
iaeoa i?ioo eiai-ieaoaeue ec aan iiaeaeiaaoue ei iia nthaea aeey ye-
nia?eiaioa.

Ca yoei neaaeiaaei a?iaiaia iie/aiea, caaa?oaaoaany y?ino-
iuie e?eeaie e ?oaaoaeuenoaaie. Ioaeeea iiieiaea, /oi iaoaeue-
iue iiyoue i?iaae aa, ii naeaeaoue ie/aai ia iiaea. Ieeoi
ia oioae ?eneiaaoue. A aae?oa yoio /a?oia Eaeeino?i e ai?aa-
aeo ethaeiaae?

A iaa, aeiaeaeaaoenue oeoeiu, niieieii eiinoaoe?iaae:

– Eoae, ieeoi ia oi/ao auoue nuaaeaiiui? A oaeii neo/aa eae
aea y iiao iieacaoue yoio oieon? Au aeaeeoa, ainiiaea, anth iith ai-
oiaiinoue e aianoa n oai iieiaeeoaeueioth iaaiciiaeiinoue i?iaanoe
aai aac aeia?iaieueoea n aaoae noi?iiu.

*oiau aeiaeoue c?eoaeae, Eaeeino?i ia/eiae ia?niiaeueii ia-
?auaoueny e naiui eiaieoui ethaeyi ai?iaeea, iau/ii neaeaaoei a
ia?auo ?yaeao, iai?eia? e eni?aaieeo:

– Ia oaiaeii ee aai auoue nuaaeaiiui?

– Iao, ia oaiaeii, – ioaa/ae oio.

– A aai? – ia?auaeny ii e aai ninaaeo, eaeiio-ieaoaeue iaae-
ai?iiio niaaoieeo.

– Iao oae, noaea?ue! – ioaa/ae iaioaaiiue oaeie ia?niaeoe-
aie /eiiaiee.

A yoio iiiaio iaaeiaieueiua e?eee e oeeaiuea iaei-iiiaeo ia-
?aoiaeeee a niao. Ethaeyi n aaea?ee auei i?eyoii aeaeaoue naia ia-
/aeuenoai noieue iaioaaiiui eeethceiienoii. Ia yoii i?aaenoaaea-
iea iau/ii e caeai/eaaeinue. I?aaaea, I. E. Iueaa, ?anneacaaoee
i ?onneii Eaeeino?i a eieaa , ieoao, /oi iaeiaaeaeu iaeei iiaeauieaoee eoi/eia iio?aai-
aae auiieiaiey iiia?a.

– Io-ea, neiiae iaiy, anee niiaeaoue! – cayaee ii, nionoea-
oenue a ia?oa?.

– N oaeiaieuenoaeai, – ia niooeeny . – Ecaieueoa iaeei-
ieoueny, y ia/io n oae. – E ii eci anao nee oeonee iacaaea/eeaiai
eoioea. Eoiaoe cai?ae aeaaei iaoii e, au?aaaoenue io ,
oaaaeae i?i/ue. Ia oii i?aaenoaaeaiea e eii/eeinue.

Aua iaeei ?ani?ino?aiaiiue noa?aioei, ia eioi?ue eiayony
ethaee, – yoi niaoaiea iiiyoee e . Ioithaeue
ia anaaaea iaeii niauoea, i?ienoiaeyuaa iinea ae?oaiai, yaeyaony aai
i?yiui neaaenoaeai. Iai?eia?, anee a oa/aiea iaaeaee iu ca /an
aei ?annaaoa aoaeai ?acaiaeeoue einoa? e i?ieciineoue i?e yoii iaae-
/aneea oi?ioeu, iinea /aai iaeciaiii aoaeao neaaeiaaoue ainoiae nie-
ioea, a?yae ee iaeaeoony eaaeiaa?iua ethaee, ?aoeaoea, /oi eiaiii
iaoa yaeyaony i?e/eiie ianooieaiey iiaiai aeiy.

, A oaia?ue ia?aianainy ia aeaa ouny/e eao iacaae. Ae?aaiee Aae-
iao. AE?aoeu a aaeuo iaeaaeaeao aiciinyo iieeoau naiei aiaai, i?e-
iinyo aea?oau – e aio nieioea cae?uaaao eaeay-oi oaiue. Aanue ie?
iia?oaeaaony a iai?iieoeaaioth oueio. Ianooiaao nieia/iia caoia-
iea. E ethaee, nia?aaoeany aie?oa o?aia, ene?aiia aa?yo, /oi eiai-
ii ae?aoeu yaeeenue aai i?e/eiie. A eae aea eia/a? Neoaeeoaee ai-
aia i?iecianee iaiiiyoiua caeeeiaiey, niaa?oeee oaeinoaaiiua
?eooaeu e – aaoe! Nieioea ne?ueinue ai oueia! Ii aaaeue i?eioeeie-
aeueiie ?acieoeu iaaeaeo ia?aui e aoi?ui neo/aai iao. Ioee/ea
ninoieo oieueei a oii, /oi nae/an iu ciaai ai?acaei aieueoa i caei-
iao, oi?aaeythueo iaaaniuie naaoeeaie, e ia aeaaeei naay iaaeooue.
A aio i caeiiao, oi?aaeythueo iiaaaeaieai ethaeae, iu ciaai ii-
iaiueoa, e a ?acoeueoaoa…

O?aoee i?eia?. Etheue – ii?a anooieoaeueiuo yecaiaiia a
aocu. Oieiu aaeoo?eaioia inaaeaeatho ii?iae einoeoooia. Iaeioi-
^.–>\ ?ua ec na?aeiaieueiuo ?iaeeoaeae, ia oaa?aiiua a ciaieyo
IJL’HO.IJ naieo /aae, euoo eacaeee aeey aa?aioe?iaaiiiai i?iieeii-

aaiey naieo aeaoeoae a o?aiu iaoee. E aio aicea ieo iiyaeythony
ee/iinoe ec ieieieinoeoooneie n?aaeu, iaiaeathuea, /oi iie i?e
iiiiue naieo ciaeiinoa n i?aiiaeaaaoaeyie iiaoo iiniinianoai-
aaoue oi?ioae ioeaiea ia yecaiaiao. Noii?ioeaioiie aa?aioee ii-
nooieaiey iie ia aeatho, ii e oeaiu aa?oo aiaeaneea, aea e a neo/aa
aiciiaeiie iaoaea/e aeaiueae iieiinoueth aica?auathony eeeaioo.
*oi ae, oneiaey eaaeoony i?eaieaiuie, e naeaeea caeeth/aaony.
Iaeie aaeoo?eaiou IINEA oaeie iiaeaea?aeee iinooiatho a aunoaa
o/aaiia caaaaeaiea, ae?oaea, e niaeaeaieth, iao. Ii a yoii neo/aa
aaain aica?auaaony, e a?iaea au i?aoaicee e oaeei
auoue ia iiaeao. Oieueei aio aanue iaiai ninoieo a oii, /oi ?aaiou-
oi ii auaoeo oeieueieeia a aoc ieeaeie ia
auei. i?inoi aa?ao aeaiueae e aeaeao eoiaia yecaiaiia.
A ethaii neo/aa eoi-oi ec aeaoae aai eeeaioia iinooieo, a eoi-oi –
iao. Aeaiueae ia?auo ii inoaaeyao naaa, aeaiueae aoi?uo – aica?a-
uaao. Aani?iea?uoiay eioa?ay!

Oaeie aea i?eai eiiaaea ?acua?uaaaony o caeaiey noaea, eiaaea
eeoea ?aayoa aa?oony ono?ieoue niya/aiea i?eaiai?a, a ae?oaie ?ac
iiaeiaioth eiiaeiaoeeth ?acua?uaaao yeno?anain o iinoaee oyaeaei
aieueiiai /aeiaaea. Anee aaaeiyaa aucaei?aaeeaaao, /oaei-eaea?th aei-
noathony neaaa e aeaiueae, a oie?aao – .

Yoei i?eioeeiii iouaia aeaiaa ia a?acaiaae e ciaiaieoue
aeeieiiao XIX aaea a?ao Oaeae?ai. Ecaanoiue niaaoneee enoi-
?ee A. A. Oa?ea ienae, /oi Iaiieaii a 1807 aiaeo, noiy n aieneii
a Aa?oaaa, i?eeacae Oaeae?aio n?i/ii iiaeaioiaeoue i?iaeo ain-
noaiiaeaiey naiinoiyoaeueiinoe Iieueoe. Oaeae?ai ooo aea iio?a-

aiaae io iieueneeo iaaiaoia 4 ieeeeiia oei?eiia cieioii ca oi,
/oi ii yeiau oaiai?eo Iaiieaiia i?aaeinoaaeoue Iieueoa iacaae-
neiinoue.

Aua aaeeeee A?enoioaeue aaae a ineoieiaeth iiiyoea annioee-
aoeee, ?acee/ay annioeeaoeee ii noiaenoao, niaaeiinoe e eiio?anoo.
Eiiaaea iu iooaai yoe iiiyoey, /ai iieuecothony iioaiieee. Aeaa
i?eia?a oaeeo ioeai/iuo noa?aioeiia iuoeaiey iienuaaao
A. Coaa?aa a naiae eieaa .

I?aaeiieiaeei, au caoioaee eoieoue cieiooth oeaii/eo e, ni-
aeacieaoenue ia aieaa ieceoth oeaio, ia/eiaaoa oi?aiaaoueny n ni-
eeaeiie aeaiueiie o aoiaea a thaaee?iue iaaacei. Aeiionoei, /oi
au ia n/eoaaoa naay e i?aaeaa?eoaeueii iaaaee eia-eaeea
ni?aaee ian/ao i?iaa?ee cieioa ia iiaeeeiiinoue. Au aeinoaaoa
eoio e ouaoaeueii iniao?eaaaoa eeaeii. Iii ia ianoa, i?iaa aan
oaeiaeaoai?yao. Oiaaea au i?iaiaeeoa ii iiaa?oiinoe iaoaeea ey-
ieniui ea?aiaeaoii – e ii ia inoaaeyao neaaeia. Au oaeinoiaa-
?yaoanue, /oi oeaii/ea aeaenoaeoaeueii cieioay, e ion/eouaaaoa
aeaiueae. Anee aai iiaacao, oi au aoaeaoa n/eoaoue oae anth inoaaoo-
thny aeeciue e, aiciiaeii, ia?aaeaaeeoa yoo eeethceth ii ianeaaenoao
aaoae ethaeiie aei/a?e. Ii aiciiaeii e oaeia, /oi, ia?aoea aie-
iaiea ia iiaeic?eoaeueiia eciaiaiea oeaaoa oe?aoaiey, au ia?a-
oeoanue a thaaee?iue iaaacei, aaea aan aoaeao aeaeaoue neeueiia ?aci-
/a?iaaiea. Iioaiieee /anoi aiaeaatho cieioie caiie, aaea iau/-
ii e oeacuaaaony i?iaa, a ioithaeue ia cieiooth oeaii/eo. —
O iieoiaoaey n?aaaouaaao annioeeaoeey ii niaaeiinoe –

. Oau, yoi auaaao ia anaaaea. Iiyoiio iniai
ouaoaeueii i?iniao?eaaeoa ia oieueei eeaeii (oeeo?u aeieaeiu
auoue ?iaiua e eiaoue iaeeiaeiaue iaeeii!), ii e iaa caaia ii iaa
noi?iiu io iaai. Anee oai caiaoiu neaaeu iaeee e ioee/ea io ni-
naaeieo caaiueaa – aai oaeueoeaeo. Oaia?ue i eyien-
iii ea?aiaeaoa: iieuecoeoanue oieueei naiei e i?iaa?yeoa ei ia
oieueei ianoi, aaea noieo i?iaa, ii e ethaia i?iecaieueii acyoia
ianoi ecaeaeey. I?aaaea, eiiaaea iioaiieee iie?uaatho ecaeaeey
eaeii, e oiaaea aeaaea ianoiyuee eyieniue ea?aiaeao ia inoaaeo
ia oaeueoeaea neaaea. Oae /oi eo/oa ana-oaee iieoiaoue aaue a
oe?iaiiuo thaaee?iuo iaaaceiao!

Aoi?ie i?eia? eiaeiie annioeeaoeee y iicaieth naaa i?ioeeoe-
?iaaoue – aeey oiai /oiau au ioeaieee aaeeeieaiiue noeeue Aaaa-
iey Coaa?aaa:

.

Ana auoaiacaaiiua neo/ae iaiaia auee iniiaaiu ia naienoaa
iuoeaiey iooaoue annioeeaoeeth ii niaaeiinoe n i?e/eiii-neaae-
noaaiiuie naycyie. Iioiaeee niinia iaiaia naycai n oae iacuaa-
aiui yooaeoii ia?aiina, eiaaea niauoea, i?ienoiaeyuaa a ianoi-
yuai a?aiaie, i?iaoee?oaony ia i?ioeia eee aoaeouaa. Eniieue-
coy yoio i?eai, eoaeueyineee aeoa? Oiiiaci Naeueaeie noiae
iaiaiooue acuneaoaeueioth oaao?aeueioth ioaeeeo. Aio eae i?aiiae-
^–^ iineo yoo oe?iei ecaanoioth a oaao?aeueiuo e?oaao enoi-
JjJI^ZJJ ?oeth Iaaae Oa?aiia:

<...eoaeueyineay ioaeeea anaaaea neuea i no aaoaeueiie e eniieiaieth noeaie caeiiia. aio iiyaeeny ioaeei. aaeue ieau aeaei iooaiye oai- iue oeaao aai eiaee. a caea ainoi iaaoeey. ioaeei naeueaeie ia iaeei ec naieo iiiieiaia: ...ss oea iiao iei noiyoue eae nieiay oaiee... aae c oi eaeia-oi aeaeaeaiea iineuoaeenue aiciouaiiua aicaeanu. ieacuaaaony caa- eeoei oath ana aeaeeiua ec-iiae einothia oaea ii caaue caa o iaai aaeua oaeiai ei- uoinoaa noa iiaea. oaiia eoaeueyioeu noaee aue iaeanoiua aeey aeoa eoi-oi oau ioe noeaio aiaeueneiiaua ei iaeiaei auaeyaeae niouaiiui. oa aeiaeaeaeny oeoeiu ea ie auaaei. iaeiiaoe caoeoea. iia iiiyea: ai aoi oiaaea iiaeii aoaeao oaeanioth iieio- iinoue. aeo. aeaeaee n aea ouny acaeyaeia ono ooo aiaaiua nee- eenue aaeeiue aiciouaiey. eaeia aacia iaoaa- aeaiea iiyoue oeaae iaaiaei- aaiey iaaeieai niaeoaeey. niieieii aeaeae iiea ooeoiao ao iioii ia- auoae aaainoeaio iaeyaeae iaaeeaiii... nieiaoue iiae ieie ieacaeenue oaiiua cae aoeaaeueii acaue io cia naeue- aeie iaaoeey ethaeiiai ieacaeny iaauaaeie aunioa. naiii aeaea ciaiaieoue eiia noeo aii auei aeaenoaeoaeueii iiei- aeeoue ino auaeoiea nianea iici aua aieueooth neaao>.

Iiae ei?unoiuie oeaeyie y iiieiath ia oieueei i?yiia iieo-
/aiea oeiainiauo auaiae, eae yoi auaaao a a?aeao ii ?an/aoo (caeanue
iaa iiea iaeeiaeiai a?aoiu – e iieiaeaiueeea aeaaooee, e e?anaa-
oeu ioae/eiu iaeeiaeiai /anoi niaeaciythony aiaaonoaii e iaiytho
eo ia ee/ioth naiaiaeo).

Ei?unoue iiaeao auoue e einaaiiay – iai?eia?, oaeiaeaoai?a-
iea /oanoaa aeanoe, i?aainoiaenoaa, ianoe eee ineoieiae/aneay
caueuaiiinoue. Aeaaiue i?eciae, ii eioi?iio y ioae?ae i?eia-
?u a aeaiiue ?acaeae, – yoi e?eoa?ee . E ei?un-
oiui y ioiioo oaeea ethaiaiua ioiioaiey, aaea naii yoi /oanoai
yaeyaony eeoue n?aaenoaii aeey iieo/aiey /aai-oi ae?oaiai. I?e iaoa?eaeueiua niia?aaeaiey oiaea eiatho ian-
oi, ii iie aoi?e/iu. __

Y?ee Aa?i a naiae eieaa iT-sl
n ioe?iaaiiinoueth, aeeceie e oeeiecio, ienae: IJJ13JJ

.

Iaeaieaa ae?aaiea i?eia?u eniieueciaaiey naenoaeueiiai /oa-
noaa ae?oaiai /aeiaaea a nianoaaiiuo eioa?anao iu iaoiaeei a Aea-
eee, i?e/ai a iaeioi?uo neo/ayo yoi ianoaaeyaony eae aeaai?iae-
iue e aicauoaiiue iinooiie. Iai?eia?, Eaeeue, caiaieaoay a
naie oaoa? e oaeaoay iieeiaiaeoea Nena?o, n oi/ee c?aiey naieo
niieaiaiieeia niaa?oeea aa?ie/aneee iinooiie, oioy n oi/ee c?a-
iey iaua/aeiaa/aneie yoeee yoi auaeyaeeo ianeieueei eia/a. I?e-
aeaneoue e naaa aeiaa?eaoaainy ae ioae/eio, iaiieoue aai iieieii,
oeiaeeoue niaoue, oe?ua eia?ii, a iioii oeaaeiie?iaii i?eaaicaeeoue
aai aieiao e iieo eieuoeii io oao?a – o?oaeii iacaaoue oaeie ii-
nooiie aeaai?iaeiui (Ei. Noae. IV, 17-24).

Ae?oaia aeaei – THaeeoue. Oai oiaea aue iaiai, ia/aeueii caeii-
/eaoeeny aeey aethaeaiiiai ioae/eiu, ii a oii yieciaea ieaiai-
iua e iaua/aeiaa/aneea oeaiiinoe ii/oe niaiaaeaee. A?iey iai?e-
yoaeae inaaeeea ?iaeiie ai?iae THaeeoe, e iia eaeao e a?aaeaneiio iie-
eiaiaeoeo, niaeaciyao aai, aeaeeo n iei eiaea, a iioii ii/ueth io?acaao
aio aieiao ia/ii. Ia yoo oaio eiaaony ianna ea?oei naiuo ecaa-
noiuo ooaeiaeieeia, iaeiie ec eo/oeo n?aaee eioi?uo, eae iia ea-
aeaony, yaeyaony iieioii Aeaei?aeaeiia.

E n/anoueth, a ianoiyuaa a?aiy iineaaenoaey naenoaeueiiai ia-
iaia ?aaeei auaatho noieue o?aae/aneeie. *aua anaai no?aaeaao
ei.-‘
oaeae iacaaea/eeaiai ia?oia?a, iiaa?eaoaai a ene?aiiinoue /oanoa
naiae eca?aiieoeu eee eca?aiieea. Ai?i/ai, eiiaaea iaiaia eae
oaeiaiai e ia auaaao; ?a/ue iiaeao eaeoe nei?aa i naiiiaiaia. Ai-
eaa noa?oee e niioaaonoaaiii aiaaoue ia?oia? ?acoiii iniciaao,
/oi i?inoi naith ethaiaue, iaeiaei a aeoaeia aeooe anaaaea
iaaeaaony ia ioaaoiia /oanoai. Oaeea iacaeueyinu iau/ii ianoo a
naaa o?aae/aneoth iioo, oioy i?e aeaeaiee a ieo iiaeii iaia?o-
aeeoue e eiie/aneea iiiaiou. I?eia?ii iiaeao neoaeeoue ea?oeia
Eoeana E?aiaoa Noa?oaai, ia eioi?ie ii ecia?aaeaao ia/anooth
iuia neooaoeeth, eiaaea ioae/eia cia/eoaeueii iieiaea naiae ian-
nee. Iaaei neacaoue, /oi ai a?aiaia E?aiaoa – /aou?a aaea iacaae –
oaeea neooaoeee auee ia noieue ?aaeeeie: aeiaieueii /anoi neo/aeinue,
/oi iieiaeie iiaeianoa?uea a?ae a aeaiu iiaeeeoth oicyeeo-aaeiao,
/oiau aeaaiaea?y a?aeo iieo/eoue caaiea oeaoiaiai ianoa?a. Eiieci
ia/eiaeny, eiaaea aeaiueia i?eieiaea yoe ioiioaiey ca /enooth
iiiaoo.

I/aiue /anoi aeey iaieueuaiey aiaaouo iaaano i?eiaiyaony
eanoue. A ea/anoaa naiuo ciaiaieouo e oaea/eeauo a?a/iuo aoa-
?enoia Ea?iaae oeacuaaao a?aoueaa Iaeeaaie. Ii caaeaao naaa aii-
?in, ii/aio yoe iiiaiaeaioeu eiaee oaeie iaeooeoaeueiue oniao
ia a?a/iii ?uiea Aia?eee. : \ oaaony ia?ac?aoeiie caaaaeeie>. E oieueei oioae?aiiay
[U14JJ aeeciaiiui iiuoii Iiea Iaa?e, ciaoie ioae/ei e aaee-

eay aia?eeaineay aeo?ena, oae iauynieea yoio oaiiiai: .

Ca/anooth aeaeaiey ethaeae ca?aaioaoue ia ethaiaiuo ioiioaie-
yo neoaeao enoi/ieeii iaiaauaiey aeey o?aoueeo noi?ii, a ea/anoaa
eioi?uo iiaoo aunooiaoue eae o?aaeeoeeiiiua naaoe, oae e aieaa
nia?aiaiiua a?a/iua eiioi?u. Aio eae iienuaaao aeoeueie/anoai
a yoie iaeanoe IOai?e:

IJtU^JJ

Oaia?ue ia?aeaeai e aieaa oiieiio iaiaio, eaaeauaio a noa?a
/aeiaa/aneie ineoieiaee. Aaaeue ana, neaaa Aiao, caaycaii eneeth-
/eoaeueii ia aeaiueae. Eiiaaea n iiiiuueth oeo?inoe e iaiaia aeai-
ueia oaeiaeaoai?yao /oanoai ianoe, nianoaaiiie iaiieiioeaiiinoe
eee caaenoe e niia?ieoea. Oiaaea ethaee, ia iniciaaay yoiai, ea?atho
a oae iacuaaaiua , iiae?iaii iienaiiua Y?e-
eii Aa?iii a naieo eieaao. Iauay oi?ioea iiiaeo /aeiaa/aneeo
ea?, ii iiaieth Aa?ia, neaaeothuay:

I?eiaiea + Neaaeiea = ?aaeoeey – Ia?aeeth/aiea –
?anieaoa.

I?eiaieie Aa?i iacuaaao oi, /oi eaaeaony iaeiei, a ia naiii
aeaea i?aaeiacia/aii aeey ae?oaiai. Iio?aaiinoue ae?oaiai ea?iea, ca-
noaaeythuay aai ?aaae?iaaoue ia i?eiaieo, iacuaaaony neaaeieie,
a iaiaeeaeaiiuie eiiaoe – ia?aeeth/aieai.

I?eia?ii naenoaeueiie ea?u yaeyaony aa?eaio , ei-
oi?ue iiaeao ?acua?uaaoueny aeaiueiaie a o?ao aa?eaioao. I?e-
iaieie caeanue yaeyaony niaeacieoaeueiia iiaaaeaiea, neaaeieie –
aeaeaiea naena eee aeanoe. ?aaeoeey ioae/eiu ninoieo a oii, /oi
ii aunooiaao n i?aaeeiaeaieai, iinea /aai aeaiueia ?acei ia?a-
eeth/aao naia iiaaaeaiea, e ii iieo/aao ?anieaoo.

INIIAIUA OAIIIAIU
E?EIEIAEUeIIAI AEIIICA

| |^ | ?aeoeea e?eieiaeueiiai aeiiica iieacaea, /oi e: eth-
|| || aeyi, eioi?ua ieacaeenue aea?oaaie e?eieiaeueiuo aei-
|1 “J iioeca?ia, auee i?eiaiaiu neaaeothuea aeiiioe/aneea
^^^rf,| oaiiiaiu:

—‘ Caauaaiea iieiia eee /anoe/iia noe?aiea ec iaiy-
oe ii?aaeaeaiiuo yieciaeia e eeoe (oaiiiai iieiie eee /anoe/iie
aiiacee).

Aniiieiaiea ioaeaeueiuo oaeoia, yieciaeia, iiia?ia aaoiii-
aeey, aiaoiinoe ioaeaeueiiai /aeiaaea ec oieiu e o. ae. nionoy iiiai
eao eee ii iaiiaaiiiio caia/aoeythuaio acaeyaeo (oaiiiaiu ae-
ia?aiiacee e yeaeaoe/aneie iaiyoe).

Iaacaieeaaiea a i?yiii eiioaeoa eee ia ?annoiyiee, a oii
/enea e iiin?aaeiaaiii (oaiiiaiu eiioaeoiie e aaneiioaeoiie
aianoacee).

Iaaycuaaiea aeaeaiey oiai, /aai ia naiii aeaea iao (oaiiiai
iieiaeeoaeueiuo aaeethoeeiaoeee).

Iaaycuaaiea iaaeaeaiey iieiie ?aaeueiinoe eee aa /anoe (oa-

iiiai io?eoeaoaeueiuo aaeethoeeiaoeee).

O?ainoi?iaoeey ee/iinoe aea?oau a ae?oaiai /aeiaaea, a oii
/enea a ?aciuo ethaeae e ianeieueei ?ac, aiciiaeii e iinea auoiaea
ec aeiiica (oaiiiai o?ainoi?iaoeee a ae?oaoth ee/iinoue).

Oi?ie?iaaiea ioaeiuo ?aaeoeee e iiaaaeaiey aea?oau /a?ac ii-
?aaeaeaiiia a?aiy iinea eiioaeoa n e?eieiaeueiui aeiiioeca?ii,
a oii /enea e ia aeiaeaiiue a iaiyoue aea?oau e iainiciaaaaiue
ath oneiaiue eiae (oaiiiai iinoaeiiioe/aneiai eiaee?iaaiey).

Onuieaiea aea?oau (oaiiiai aeoaieiai aeiiica).

Iiaeeecaoeey ?aaeoeee e oeceieiaee aea?oau (oaiiiai NE).

?anneaaeaiea e iaacaeaeaeeaaiea aea?oau (oaiiiaiu eaaeiai
e n?aaeiaai aeiiica).

Caoaa?aeaiea iuooe e ioeaiaiaiea aea?oau (oaiiiai eaoaeai-
oe/aneie ?aaeoeee).

Caiaaeeaiea aeey aea?oau eee onei?aiea oa/aiey a?aiaie (oa-
iiiai eciaiaiey oa/aiey a?aiaie).

Iaaycuaaiea aea?oaa ninoiyiey oiaiueoaiiiai eee oaa- ^ >\
ee/aiiiai aic?anoa (oaiiiai aic?anoiie ?aa?annee). [J.117JJ

Iaaycuaaiea aea?oaa eee ni-
noiyiee (oaiiiai iaaycaiiuo eee iai?iecaieueiuo iaoieiae/a-
neeo aaeethoeeiaoeee).

Aiaea/aiea aea?oau a (oaiiiai nie-
?eoe/aneeo eeethcee e aaeethoeeiaoeee).

Aiaea/aiea aea?oau a , e o. ae. (oaiiiai ooieiae/aneeo eeethcee e aae-
ethoeeiaoeee).

Aiaea/aiea aea?oau a (oa-
iiiai iieoa?aaenoiauo eeethcee e aaeethoeeiaoeee).

Aiaea/aiea aea?oau a ?aciiai ?iaea naainu eee o?aie?iaee ii
, e o. ae. (oaiiiai ien-
oe/aneeo eeethcee e aaeethoeeiaoeee).

?aceia iiieaeaiea o aea?oau iauae eee eieaeueiie eiaeiie
/oanoaeoaeueiinoe (oaiiiaiu aucaaiiie eee naiii?iecaieueiie
aianoacee).

Nieaeaiea o aea?oau eee iiauoaiea ii?iaa iaeiiai eee ia-
neieueeeo /oanoa. Aiciiaeiu niaia ethaiai ec /oanoa ia ia?aoiia
eee iieiia aueeth/aiea eee iaaaaeaiea e i?eaeaaiea iiaiai /oa-
noaa eee /oanoa (oaiiiaiu oi?aaeaiey iuouaieyie e /oanoaa-
ie).

” Aucuaaiea o aea?oau aanniciaoaeueiie ?a/e, ienueia eee eaeai-
iioi?iuo ?aaeoeee n i?eiaiaieai , e o. ae.
(oaiiiaiu aaoiiaoe/aneiai ienueia, aaoiiaoe/aneie ?a/e, aei-
eieaoeeiiiiai yooaeoa e ae?.).

?ane?uoea o aea?oa (oaiiiai o?ainiaiai ai-
ia?aaeaiey, o?ainiaie aecoaeecaoeee e ni?iaioee?iaaiiie oecio-
?aiee).

I?eiaiaiea e aea?oaa iia?aoeee (oaii-
iai ine-oe?o?aee).

Noe?aiea o aea?oau noa?ie eee iaaycuaaiea iiaie i?eau/ee
(oaiiiai eiaee?iaaiey i?eau/ae).

Noe?aiea o aea?oau /oanoaa ethaae, i?eaycaiiinoe e iaaycu-
aaiea /oanoaa iaiaaenoe e ioa?auaiey eee iaiai?io (oaiiiai ei-
aee?iaaiey /oanoa).

Iaaycuaaiea aea?oaa ii?aaeaeaiiuo aeaeaeaiee (oaiiiai ia-
aaaeaiiuo aaoiiaoe/aneeo aeaeaeaiee).

Iaaycuaaiea /oanoaa aiee, oeona, oeiea e o. ae. a ethaie oi/ea
oaea.

Aiooaiea oeaaoiaie eee iieiie neaiiou.

Aiooaiea /anoe/iie, ecae?aoaeueiie eee iieiie aeooiou.

Aiooaiea ionoonoaey ethauo aeoniauo iuouaiee.

Aiooaiea ionoonoaey iaiiyiey.

Aiooaiea ethaiai ianouanoaothuaai aeona eee caiaoa.

I?inoui aiooaieai o ethaie aeaiueiu iiaeii iaiiaaiii auc-
aaoue eee i?ae?aoeoue iaino?oaoeee, eciaieoue aa eioaineaiinoue e
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue.

Aiooaieai iiaeii aucaaoue iiaeaaeiaiea eee iie?aniaiea
eiaee ia aieueoeo o/anoeao oaea.

Aiooaieai iiaeii aucaaoue eee inoaiiaeoue e?iaioa/aiea ec
,,–^s iina.
U^JJ Aiooaieai iiaeii aucaaoue iaeia ia ethaii o/anoea oaea.

Aiooaieai iiaeii aucaaoue eee i?ae?aoeoue iioiioaeaeaiea,
eee eciaieoue aai eioaineaiinoue.

Aiooaieai iiaeii aucaaoue eee i?ae?aoeoue caii? eee iiiin.
Aiooaieai iiaeii aucaaoue eee oa?aoue aeaaeaeo, aeaeaiea anoue

e ae?.

Aiooaieai iiaeii iaia?aie/aiii aeeyoue ia iieiaua aea/a-
iey, y?aeoeeth, iieethoeee, iieiaia aicaoaeaeaiea e o. ae.

Aiooaieai iiaeii aucaaoue aiaa, ?aaiinoue, ethaiaue, ioa?aua-
iea, i?ac?aiea e ae?.

A aeiiica iiaeii aiooaoue ethaua eaeae, iunee, oaaaeaeaiey,
i?eioeeiu, i?aanoaaiiua ii?iu, acaeyaeu, onoaiiaee, oa?ucaiey
niaanoe, ?aneayiea, iiauneoue eee iiieceoue aieaaua ea/anoaa, ii-
aeeyoue ia iuoeaiea, iaiyoue e ae?.

Aiooaieai iiaeii eciaieoue eee oa?aoue ethaua i?eau/ee, eee

i?eaeoue iiaua.

E?iia auoaoeacaiiuo, a i?aeoeea e?eieiaeueiiai aeiiica
ano?a/athony e nioie ae?oaeo aeiiioe/aneeo oaiiiaiia, eioi?ua
iiaoo aicieeaoue naiii?iecaieueii a neeo ianooieaiey ii?aaeaeai-
iie aeoaeiu aeiiioe/aneiai o?aina eee iiaoo auoue aucaaiiuie
e?eieiaeueiui aeiiioeca?ii iaia?aiii eee oiuoeaiii, a oii
/enea e iiin?aaeiaaiii.

Oi/o iniai ioiaoeoue, /oi ana auoaoeacaiiua oaiiiaiu, ei-
oi?ua aucuaathony a aeiiica, iiaoo auoue aucaaiu e a iineaaei-
iioe/aneii ia?eiaea (oaiiiai iinoaeiiioe/aneiai aiooaiey), oi
anoue iiaeii aiooeoue /oi oaiaeii a aeiiica, a aio-
oaiey ia?aianoe ia ethaia a?aiy iinea auoiaea ec aeiiica (ia ia-
neieueei ieioo, /ania, aeiae, ianyoeaa, eao).

OeUAAINEEE AEIIIC
IAssAO

iiyia Oe?aeione niiauaaony, /oi oeuaaia –

|yoi ae?aaiaeiaeeeneay eanoa iai?eeanaaiuo, eioi?ay ca-
ieiaeanue iocueie, oaioeaie e iaieai. Auoea yoa eanoa
ec Eiaeee e noaea ?annaeyoueny ii anaio ie?o a 420 aiaeo.

I?iaeeaay a Eiaeee, oeuaaia auee aieaa-iaiaa iaeii-
?iaeiuie yoie/anee e yoiia?aoe/anee, ii iicaea, aeeay a oaniii
eiioaeoa n ae?oaeie ia?iaeaie, iie aieoaee /oaeea ycuee, iau/ae,
eoeueoo?o. Eaeay-oi /anoue oeuaai i?ae?auaea aeaeaeaiea ii ie?o e
inaaeaea a oao eee eiuo ?aaeiiao, ae?oaea aea i?iaeieaeaee ei/aauea.
Ii ia?a ?annaeaiey oeuaai a ?aciuo no?aiao i?iaeieaeaeny i?ioeann
iaieanoiaaiey ana iiauo e iiauo eoeueoo?. Oaeei ia?acii ii ana-
io ie?o ia?aciaaeinue ni a?aiaiai iiiaeanoai oeuaaineeo yoiia-
?oii, eoeueoo?a eioi?uo iaaeaeo niaie noaea neeueii ?acee/aoueny –
?aciuie auee aini?eiyoay ?aeeaey, oieueeei?, iiiaea iau/ae e
ia?yaeu, caiaoii noae ?acee/aoueny ycue. Oeuaaia ?aciuo yoii-
a?oii, eae i?aaeei, caieiaeenue eaaeaeay eaeei-eeai iaeiei aaaeo-
uei ?aianeii. Iai?eia?, oeuaaia- eyeaey?a?u neaaeeenue eae en-
eoniua ianoa?a-eoaeeeueueee, a ae?oaea yoiia?oiiu niaoeeaeece-
?iaaeenue ia eocia/iii ?aianea, ae?anne?iaea aeeaioiuo e
a?oenoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, ia ieaoaiee ei?cei, ecaioiaeaiee _
aea?aayiiie iinoaeu, caiyoeyo eioaaeueie, iocueie e ae?.

A ?onneoth Eiia?eth oeuaaia i?eoee a na?aaeeia V aaea e ia-
cuaaee iie naay . Ia?aua ia?anaeaioeu inaee ia caieyo
Oo?eanoaia (iuiaoiae N?aaeiae Acee). Neaaeothuay aieia eiaeee-
oeaa-ei/aaieeia ia?anaeeeanue a V-VII aaeao ia caiee O?enoaia
(iuiaoiee Eaaeac), aaea eo aei neo ii? iacuaatho e . A VII-VIII aaeao eiaeeeneea ia?anaeaioeu inaieee ana aa?aaa
?onneiai ii?y (iuia *a?iia ii?a) e onouea Aeoiay. A iineaaeothuea
aaea oeuaaia ?annaeeeenue ii anae Aa?iia e i?iieeee a Naaa?ioth
Ao?eeo.

A XVII aaea iieueneea e iaiaoeeea oeuaaia i?iieeee a naaa?-
iua ai?iaea ?onneie Eiia?ee, aaea e ia?aciaaee ieaiy oae iacu-
aaaiuo oeuaai. A eo ycuea, a ioee/ea io aeeaeae-
.–.s oa oeuaai, auei iiiai neia iaiaoeeiai e
oe20 JJ iieueneiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey.

E XIX aaeo aieueoa anaai oeuaai neiieeinue ia caieyo Aaeaou
(thai-ainoie Aa?iiu, iuia /anoue ?oiuiee e THaineaaee). Yoi auea
naiay aieueoay yoiia?oiia oeuaai, eioi?ay iieo/eea iacaaiea
(io ?oiuineiai neiaa -eioaeueuee, iaae-
iee, eoaeeeueuee). A ni?ieiauo aiaeao i?ioeiai aaea aae?oa neo/ee-
ny nioeeaeueiue ac?ua e oeuaaia-eyeaey?a?u noaee ianniai iieeaeaoue
ianoa naiaai eneiiiiai i?iaeeaaiey e noaee ?annaeyoueny ii anaio
ie?o. Iea?aoeeiiiay aieia eyeaey?a?neeo oaai?ia oaeaeea n ni-
aie e oeuaai aaiaa?neiai yoie/aneiai a?aaea, oioy e a iaiueoae
noaiaie. Yoio yoie/aneee ac?ua i?iaeieaeaeny nauoa 50 eao, e yoi-
ai a?aiaie oaaoeei, /oiau eoaeeeueueee ec Aaeaoa caiieiieee
niaith aanue ie?. Iuia yoi naiay iiiai/eneaiiay oeuaaineay a?oi-
ia, a eioi?oth aoiaeeo ii/oe iieiaeia aao aeeaoueo ia Caiea oeu-
aai. Eiaiii oeuaaia-eyeaey?a?u caiieiieee niaith iaoe thaeiua
caiee – I?eaeoeaauea, I?ei?oouea, Iiaeiano?iauea, Iiaeiai?iauea,
Naaa?iia I?e/a?iiii?uea, I?eaeiiuea, Aana?aaeth, Ii?aeiaeth, Ao-
eiaeio, Caea?iaouea e I?eea?iaouea, Eoaaiue e o. ae. Naie enoiae ec
?oiuineie Aaeaou oeuaaia-eyeaey?a?u iauynieee oai, /oi a na?a-
aeeia i?ioeiai aaea o ieo ia?aciaaeenue oae iacuaaaiua , oi anoue aieueoea ?iaea, ?acae?iaeaoea aeinaea aaeeiia oeuaai-
neia iauanoai ii iao?eeeiaeiiio i?eciaeo. Eaaeaeue ?iae noae
iacuaaoueny ii eiaie naiaai ii/eoaaiiai iniiaaoaey-i?a?iaeeoa-
ey. Oae, iai?eia?, io ?ii Eaeueaea?ana eaeao ?iae oeuaai ,
io Ieaay – ?iae e o. ae. Iineieueeo a?aae i?iaeeaaiey
oeuaai-eyeaey?a?ia ia ia?aie/eaaeny iaeiei Aaeaoii, oi iaeiia?a-
iaiii aicieeei e aaia?aoe/aneia ?anneiaiea oeuaai ia , , , eo.ae. Caoai
oaea ai aoi?ii iieieaiee, e ia/aeo iaoaai aaea, aieueoea oeuaai-
neea ?iaeu ?aniaeenue ia iaeua. N yoiai a?aiaie ec-ca aioo?eyoie-
/aneiai iaae?iaeiaiai aioaaiiecia iiauo aieueoeo oeuaaineeo ?i-
aeia aieueoa ia ia?aciauaaeinue…

Aua a naieaeanyoua aiaeu i?ioeiai aaea eiaiii Iieaeaaey noa-
ea iniiaiui ieaoeaea?iii, /a?ac eioi?ue ?oiuineea oeuaaia-eye-
aey?a?u iiiai/eneaiiuie oaai?aie noaee ia?anaeyoueny a iaoo
no?aio.

A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ai anai ie?a nouanoaotho ieiei aeaaaeoeaoe
iniiaiuo oeuaaineeo yoiia?oii, noi?ie?iaaaoeony a ?aciia a?a-
iy e ioee/athueony ae?oa io ae?oaa ii ycueo, o?aaeeoeeyi, aa?iaa-
ieyi e onoiiio ia?iaeiiio oai?/anoao. Aioo?e eaaeaeie yoiia?oi-
iu iuia nouanoaoao aieaa iaeeia aeaeaiea ia, eae aiai?yo naie
oeuaaia, . E yoiia?oiiu e oi?ie?iaaeenue ii aai-
a?aoe/aneiio i?eioeeio, a iioiio aaia?aoey io?aaeaaony e a eo
iacaaieyo, iai?eia?: yoiia?oiiu ?onneeo oeuaai, aaiaa?neeo oeu-
aai, iieaeaaneeo oeuaai e – ?iioia?u, a?aeo?y, iieaei-
aaey e ae?. Eiiaaea iacaaiey yoiia?oii e oeacuaatho ia
?iae caiyoee: yoiia?oiia eyeaey?a?ia – eoaeeeueueee; iaoeey ?e/a-
?ia ?aiueoa caieiaeanue ae?anne?iaeie iaaeaaaeae (ii-oeuaainee
– iaaeaaaeue), iaoeey eiaa?ia oi?aiaaea eioaaeueie (ii-aaiaa?-
nee – eioaaeue). Neaaeothuaa aeaeaiea – ia ?iaea. Oaea aiai?e-
einue, /oi ia?aaeei iacaaiea ?iaeia oei io eiaie ii/eoaaiiai i?a-
?iaeeoaey, iai?eia?: , , , ^.–>\
, e o. i. Ii auaaao, /oi iacaaiea ?iaeo [U21JJ

aeaea eee/ea eo i?aaeeia, iai?eia?: (io -aiee),
(iaeuoe) e ae?.

O oeuaai-eyeaey?a?ia nouanoaoao o?aaeeoeey: e eiaie /aeiaaea
iie i?eaaaeytho ia io/anoai iooea, a eiy iaoa?e, iai?eia?: Aiai
ea Eaeyei, Iaiy ea Ia?aooeaaoe e o. i.

Ianeieueei neia i aa?iaaieyo oeuaai. A i?ioeanna ?annaeaiey
ii ie?o oeuaaia anaaaea aini?eieiaee ?aeeaeth oiai ia?iaea, ia oa?-
?eoi?ee eioi?iai i?iaeeaaee. Iai?eia?, oeuaaia-eyeaey?a?u, ia-
naeythuea iaoo no?aio, eniiaaaeotho i?aaineaaea, ec eioi?iai ii-
caeinoaiaaee iaeioi?ua ia?yaeu e i?acaeieee – O?ieoeo, ?iaeaea-
noai, Ianoo e o. ae. Ai a?aiy i?acaeieea Nei Iao?e (nayoiai Iao?a)
o eyeaey?a?ia i?eiyoi iiieiaoue oniioeo, oae eae, ii iiaa?ueth,
anee yoiai ia naeaeaoue, oi aeooe oia?oeo aoaeoo i?aneaaeiaaoue aee-
auo. I?eaeeeenue e oaeea ia?yaeu, eae eieyaeiaaiea ia ?iaeaeanoai,
i?eaioiaeaiea aeeiia ia Ianeaieoeo e ae?. Oeuaaia aa?yo a aauea
niu, iai?eia?: oaeaeaoue ai nia iaae, ?aaoue i?aoe, oeaeiaaoueny n e?a-
naaeoeae – yoi ana e aeaiueaai, a anee i?enieony Aeueoeei, *oaaen
eee Eoaeeia – yoi e aaaea e ?aci?aieth. A aio anee i?eniyony ?ua-

ee – auoue iiiieiaieth a naiuea, anee ai nia niaa cae?e/eo eee oae-
aeaoue ?uaeo ieioae/eo, oi ?iaeeony aeaai/ea, a anee ?uaea ieoiue,
oi ?iaeeony iaeue/ee. ?aaoue ai?io – e neacai, ?aaoue eoe – e ai?th.
Anee i?enieony aiee eee eeneoea – aeaee oaea/e, a anee cayoe ia?a-
aaaaao aei?iao – iaiai?io. Eiiy ai nia oaeaeaoue – ni ceiaeaai ii-
ano?a/aoueny, a anee oaeanony ia eiiy anei/eoue, cia/eo, iiaaaeeoue
ceiaeay. Anee eiiue eiiuoii aueao – aeaee iieieieea. I/aea i?e-
nieony, iaaeaaaeue eee iaeiaiaay iieeoeey – auoue iauneo e iai?e-
yoiiio ?acaiai?o n ia/aeuenoaii. Aeeiu ai nia oaeaeaoue – aeo?iia
ienueii iieo/eoue. Anee naiiaa? caeeiaao – auoue ai?y/ae nni?a.
Iooiay aiaea – e aeinaaea, iaoue ?iaeiay – e aaaea, anee i?enieony,
/oi ec iina e?iaue eaeao, – aeaee i?eacaea ?iaeie. Aa?aaeo aeaeaoue – a
oth?ueio iiianoue, a ia?a?acaoue aa?aaeo – io oth?ueiu ecaaaeoueny.
Anee i?enieony oieia – e iiaea?o, anee yaeiee – e ?aiai.

ss niaoeeaeueii iiae?iaii inoaiiaeeny ia oeuaaineeo i?eiaoao,
oae eae nii anoue ycue Aiaa, iiyoiio ae?aaiaeiaeeeneee ?iae oeuaai-
aaaeaoaeae au?aaioae naie aanoeaiiue iiiaiouny/aeaoiee iiuo,
eioi?ue /anoi aiai?eo i?aaaeo, iiyoiio yoe ciaiey ieeiio ia ii-
iaoatho.

O nia?aiaiiuo ?onneeo oeuaai i/aiue noieea aa?a ai anyeiai
?iaea oaoeoe. Ia oaa o e?auaiuo aeaoae aenyo i?aaineaaiue e?ano
e eaaeaiea n ei?aiueyie. Oaoeoai iiaeao auoue e ciaeiay oeo?ea,
caoeoay a aoiaaeiee; eyaooa/uee einoi/ee, aieiaea eaoo/ae
iuoe e ae?.

Oeuaaia yaeythony iieoei/aaui ia?iaeii. Iaeioi?ua inoaiaa-
eeaathony aicea aieueoeo ai?iaeia eee a aonoiianaeaiiuo ianoao,
oi anoue oai, aaea anoue ni?in ia eo ?aianei e aaea iie iiaoo /oi-oi ca-
?aaioaoue. Oeuaaia /anoi no?iyo aeiia e aiaeaie aeeaoo ia iaeiii ian-
oa. Aioo?aiiaa nioeeaeueiia ono?ienoai oeuaaineiai oaai?a (inaaeeie
eiiiaeoiie a?oiiu eee ?acaaoaeaiiuo naiae ai?iaeneeo aeeoaeae)
aeiaieueii neiaeiia. AEeciue oaai?a ?aaeaiaioe?oaony nenoaiie iao-
?ea?oaeueiuo ?iaeiaiiaueiiuo ia?aaeeoeia. A yoii niunea i?i-
,,–E a?ann /aeiaa/aneie oeeaeeecaoeee ia neeueii cao?iioe oeuaai,
U22JJ iaiyaony eeoue ao?eaooeea, ii nooue inoaaony iaeciaiiie.

*oi oaeia oeuaaineee oaai?? Yoi eeai ioaeaeueiay naiuey, eeai
iauaaeeiaiea ianeieueeeo naiae n oeaeueth niaianoiiai aeiauaaiey
n?aaenoa e nouanoaiaaieth. ?acia? oaai?a caaeneo io iiiaeo i?e/ei.
Oai, aaea ethaee aeeaoo a aeinoaoea, aaea ieioiinoue ianaeaiiuo ioie-
oia aaeeea, oeuaaia, eae i?aaeei, iauaaeeiyeenue a aieueoea oaai?u.
Iaiai?io, ia naaa?a iaoae no?aiu, aaea ethaee aeeee aeinoaoi/ii aaae-
ii, a ieioiinoue ianaeaiey auea ieceay, oeuaaia ei/aaaee iaeaiue-
eeie a?oiiaie, i?aeiouanoaaiii ec 2-3 naiae. Ii yoie aea i?e/e-
ia ei/aaaoue ii naaa?o ?innee ia?aaeei i?eoiaeeeinue aeaaea ceiie.

Iniaay ?ieue a oaai?a i?eiaaeeaaeeo aiaeaeo. Ii ?aoaao ana aaae-
iua aii?inu: inouanoaeyao eiioaeo n aeanoyie, ea?aao ?ieue no-
aeuee, eiaaea aicieeatho eaeea-oi iaaei?acoiaiey, ii?aaeaeyao a?aiy
e iai?aaeaiey ei/aauey. Naie oeuaaia ia ethayo, eiaaea eo i?aaeai-
aeeoaeae iacuaatho aiaeaeaie, iie iacuaatho eo (noa-
?ue /aeiaae), (aeaaeooea) eee (aieueoay aiei-
aa). Eyeaey?a?u ii o?aaeeoeee iacuaatho naieo aiaeaeia .
Anoanoaaiii, yoi neiai ia eiaao ie/aai iauaai n aa?iiaeneeie aa-
?iiaie, i?inoi ii-oeuaainee iii au?aaeaao oaaaeaiea e yoiio /a-
eiaaeo. Oeao?a aiaeaea aiana ia yaeyaony iaycaoaeueiie, e a ia-
euo oaai?ao, ninoiyueo ec iaeiie naiuee, aai ooieoeee auiieiyao
aeaaa ?iaea. Aiaeae – eeoei auai?iia. A iiaeaaeythuai /enea neo-
/aaa yoi ioae/eia, e ?aaeei – aeaiueia. Iau/ii aiaeaee – ethaee
iiaeeeua, oioae?aiiua iiuoii, iaeaaeathuea auno?ie ?aaeoeeae ia
niauoey e a oi aea a?aiy noaiaiiua, o?aaiiaaoaiiua. Aiaeae ?aae-
ei iiauoaao aiein, oioy aieueoeinoao oeuaai .naienoaaiai ac?ua-
iie oaiia?aiaio.

Iaeiei ec aaaeiuo iauanoaaiiuo einoeoooia a oeuaaineie n?a-
aea yaeyaony noae (e?en, nyiaei). N?aaee oeuaai ia?aaeei aicieeatho eii-
oeeeou, aucaaiiua, eae i?aaeei, oai, /oi eoi-oi ia naea?aeae aeai-
iia ei neiai, ia aica?aoee aeiea eee, /oi auaaao e?aeia ?aaeei, ni-
aa?oee i?anooieaiea n?aaee naieo. A yoeo neo/ayo iioa?iaaoay
noi?iia niae?aao noae. I?eaeaoathony, ii?ie ecaeaeaea, i?aaenoaae-
oaee ?iaeia, iieuecothueony n?aaee oeuaai aaoi?eoaoii. Iioa?iaaoee
iiea/eaaao aei?iaeiua ?anoiaeu e niaea?aeaiea noaea ai a?aiy ?acae-
?aoaeuenoaa aeaea, i?aaiecoao auo i?eaeaoaiiuo. Noae ouaoaeueii
ciaeiieony ni anaie oiieinoyie eiioeeeoa e auiineo i?eaiai?,
eioi?ue anaaaea auaaao ieii/aoaeueiui. Anee iioa?iaaoee auea-
?uaaao aeaei, ?anoiaeu, eioi?ua ii iiian, ia?aeeaaeuaathony ia io-
aao/eea. ?acoiaaony, ia anaaaea oaeaaony oi/ii acaaneoue ana aeiaiaeu.
Iiiaia noae i?eieiaao ia neiai. A oaeeo neo/ayo ii o?aaeeoeee iaa
noi?iiu aeieaeiu i?iecianoe eeyoao () ia?aae eeiiie. Iia
eiaao aeey noaea ?aoathuaa cia/aiea. E aeaei ooo ia oieueei a noaaa-
?ee, oioy e iii eiaao ianoi. ?aciaea/aiiue iaiaiuee e eeyoai-
i?anooiiee n iici?ii ecaiiyaony ec oaai?a, a aanoue ia yoii iiiai-
oaeueii iaeaoaao anao oeuaai. Eeyoaii?anooiiee iieiinoueth oa?yao
oaaaeaiea e aeiaa?ea n?aaeu, n iei ieeoi ia noaiao anooiaoue ie a ea-
eea aeaeiaua eiioaeou, /oi i?e caieiooinoe oeuaai a?iceo cia/e-
oaeueiuie ii?aeueiuie e iaoa?eaeueiuie ecaea?aeeaie. Iau/ii aea
i?eaiai? noaea caeeth/aaony a iaeiaeaiee oo?aoa. Anee i?iea?aa-
oee ieacuaaaony iaieaoaaeaniiniaiui, noae iienuaaao aai eioua-
noai e i?iaeaao n iieioea. A noaea iiaoo i?eieiaoue o/anoea ^–>.
ana aeeoaee oaai?a, aeeth/ay aeaiuei e aeaoae. Oe.123]

A oaai?a nouanoaoao eiouanoaaiiia ?anneiaiea – anoue aiaa-
oua e aaaeiua. Ii ii/oe ia aeiaiaeeeinue neuoaoue i eaeie-eeai yen-
ieoaoaoeee. Anee iia e auea, oi, nei?aa anaai, n?aaee inaaeeuo oeu-
aai, eiaaea aaaeiua iaieiaeenue a ?aaioieee e aiaaoui. Caeiiu oa-
ai?iie aeecie i?ioeaiaeaenoaiaaee eaeie au oi ie auei oi?ia
yenieoaoaoeee. Yoe caeiiu iaeuecy ie eaeaaeece?iaaoue, ie iaaeiioea-
ieaaoue. A nouiinoe, iie auee aucaaiu e aeecie einoeieoii na-
iinio?aiaiey. Oae, o oeuaai n aeaaieo ii? auooao iau/ae . Ana, /oi aeiauaaeinue, ni?aaaaeeeai aeaeeeinue iaaeaeo /eaia-
ie oaai?a. Ia iaoiaeeee aieiaieai noa?eeia e iao?oaeiniiniaiuo.
?aianeaiiua oaai?u ?aaioaee, eae i?aaeei, a?oaeueii. A?aiy io
a?aiaie a oaai?a i?ienoiaeee ?eooae aeaeaaeee ca?aaioaiiuo aea-
iaa. Yoi aeiaieueii aeeaiieniay noeaia. A iae i?eieiatho o/anoea
ana. Aeaiueae ?ani?aaeaeythony niaeanii aeiea o?oaea eaaeaeiai /eaia
a?oaee. Aeaeaaeea aeaiaa eiaao ia?iiiia i?aanoaaiiia e ainieoa-
oaeueiia cia/aiea. ?eooae aa aeaiie?aoe/ai, o/eo ni?aaaaeeeainoe,
iiiu?yao o?oaeiethaea, iineieueeo ?aaioa eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea noa-
iiaeony i?aaeiaoii anaiauaai ianoaeaeaiey.

Oaia?ue ?anneaaeai ia iniaaiiinoyo oeuaaineiai aeeeeua. Eia-
aea aoiaeeoue a aeii inaaeeuo oeuaai, n?aco caia/aaoue, /oi ii iioiae
ia oeuaaineee oaoa?: ii/oe ionoonoaoao iaaaeue, na?aaeeia eiiia-
ou anaaaea ionoa, aaea-oi a oaeo noieo e?iaaoue, ia eioi?ie ai?ie nei-
aeaiu eaaeea iooiaua ia?eiu, aicauoaaony ie?aieaea iiaeooae.
Ia yoie e?iaaoe ieeoi ieeiaaea ia nieo. Aa/a?ii ia?eiu na?anu-
aathony ia iie, e naiuey a iieiii ninoaaa ?aniieaaaaony ei nio. Yoi
i?eoei ec ei/aaie aeecie. Caeanue eneeth/aieai iieueciaaeenue oieue-
ei iieiaeiaeaiu, aeey eioi?uo a ia?aaeiae /anoe oao?a iieiaii io-
ai?aaeeaaeny ioaeaeueiue caeooie. AEeeeuai ei/aaiai oeuaaia neo-
aeeo aieueoay a?acaioiaay iaeaoea. Eiaiii iaeaoea, a ia oaoa?,
eae ii/aio-oi i?eiyoi aiai?eoue. Naie oeuaaia ieeiaaea ia neaaeoo
, aeey ieo o?aaeeoeeiiii au?aaeaiea . Iaeaoea onoaiaaeeaaaony neaaeothuei ia?acii: aia?aaee
a aeaea aoeau caaeaathony aeaa eiea, ia ieo ai?eciioaeueii eea-
aeaony aeeeiiay aea?aeue, n caaeiae noi?iiu aa iiae iaeioi?ui iaeei-
iii iiaeie?aao aua iaeei eie. Ia yoio aea?aayiiue ea?ean iaee-
aeuaaaony a?acaio, eioi?ue ?anoyaeaaaony n iiiiuueth iaeaiueeeo
eieuoeia. Oae eee iioiaea noaayo iaeaoee ana oeuaaia ie?a. Ii-
?aciiio eeoue iacuaathony ioaeaeueiua aa yeaiaiou. O eyeaey?a?ia
ia?aaeiea eieuey iacuaathony , ai?eciioaeueiue- , a caaeiee – . Iau/ii iiae caaeiee eie noaaeony oaea-
aa n iiaeeoeaie. Oeuaaia noaayo iaeaoee ia aunieii nooii ianoa,
iiaeeaea e eano, aoiaeaie ae?oa e ae?oao, /oiau ia caaeoaae aaoa?.

N ei/aaie aeeciueth naycaia iaiaoiaeeiinoue a i?eiaiaiee cia-
eia aei?iaeiiai iauaiey. Aaaeue auaaei, /oi eoi-ieaoaeue ionoaaae io
oaai?a e aue auioaeaeai aeieaia a?aiy aai aeiaiiyoue. Aei?iaeiua cia-
ee (oiy?a) neoaeeee i?eaioe?ii e aeey ae?oaeo oaai?ia, eiaaea iooe
ia?anaeaeenue. A ea/anoaa oiy?u iiaee neoaeeoue naycaiiue io/ie
nieiiu, a?ioaiiue ia ia?ae?anoea aei?ia e oeacuaathuee iai?aa-
eaiea aeaeaeaiey oaai?a, ia?aaycaiiua e?ano-iae?ano aaoee, o?yi-
ea, iiaaoaiiay ia aea?aaa, einoue n iana/eaie. Aeiaieueii i?eae-
‘.–>\ iaeueiue aei?iaeiue ciae ano?aoeeny a 1950 aiaeo iieuenei-
[124JJ aeaeo oeuaaiieiao Aaee Oeoeianeiio. Yoi auea i?eaycaiiay

e oaeaa?aoiiio noieao iaoea. Iaeaey aei?iaeiue ciae, oeuaaia ii-
aoo ia oieueei auynieoue iai?aaeaiea aeaeaeaiey oaai?a, iie i?i/ooo
a iai, aeiionoei, i?aaeinoa?aaeaiea, /oi ii oie eee eiie aei?iaa aoaoue
ia neaaeoao. Oiy?a iieacuaaao, a eaeeo ianoao e oeuaaiai aeaaiai-
eyo, a a eaeeo – iao. Neiaii, nenoaia oiy? iicaieyao iaiaieaaoue-
ny naiie ?aciiia?aciie eioi?iaoeeae. Iiiooii ?aneaaeai e i oae
iacuaaaiie (). Eiaaea ano?a-
/athony aeaa oaai?a eee aeaaea i?inoi aeaa oeuaaia, ii iaienaiiio ca-
eiio iie iaycaiu iaiaiyoueny anaie iineaaeieie iiainoyie. Anee
aea o/anoue iiaeeueiinoue oeuaai, noaiiaeony iiiyoiie oa iaaa?iyo-
iay nei?inoue ?ani?ino?aiaiey eioi?iaoeee a eo n?aaea.

Ia?ac aeecie oeuaaineie naiuee e eaaeaeiai aa /eaia io ?iaeaeaiey
aei nia?oe aeinoaoi/ii aeanoei ?aaeaiaioe?iaai aan/eneaiiuie ?e-
ooaeaie, iiae/eiai eioa?aniui e iiiaiia?aciui o?aaeeoeeyi. O oeu-
aai ?aciuo yoiia?oii iie ?acee/iu ii oi?ia, oioy nooue eo, eae
i?aaeei, iaeeiaeiaa. Iiaeii oaeeaeyoueny noieeinoe auoiaaiey oeu-
aaineeo ?eooaeia, i?eoaaeoeo ec ae?aaiinoe eee caeinoaiaaiiuo,
eee iaaeioiaaaoue ii iiaiaeo eo iaei/iie uaiaoeeueiinoe, ii oieueei
aeaaiaea?y eo iaoeinieoaeueiiio niaethaeaieth oeuaaia niiaee ooeaeaoue
eae ia?iae, ia anneieee?iaaoueny, ia eeoeoueny naiaai iaoeeiiaeueii-
ai eeoea, oioy ai ana a?aiaia iaoiaeeeenue ia iieiaeaiee ecaiaa.

?iaeaeaiea ?aaaiea a iau/ii iiiaiaeaoiie oeuaaineie naiuea ia
yaeyaony niauoeai ec ?yaea aii auoiaeyuei. A ioee/ea io iaeioi-
?uo ia?iaeia Ainoiea, o oeuaai iao oaeie oae y?ei au?aaeaiiie oyae
e ?iaeaeaieth ianeaaeieea, n iaeeiaeiaie ?aaeinoueth aini?eieiaaony
iiyaeaiea eae iaeue/eea, oae e aeaai/ee. Iao e iniauo ?eooaeia,
naycaiiuo n yoei niauoeai. O eyeaey?a?ia, e i?eia?o, iaoo?i iin-
ea ?iaeia eaeay-ieaoaeue aeaiueia ec naiuee ?iaeaieoeu aa?ao aaae?i n
aiaeie, iaoiaeeo oaai? e ie?iieyao aeeeeua. Niieaiaiieee a?ina-
tho a aaae?i aeaiueae: ioae/eiu – cieioua, aeaiueiu – na?aa?yiua.
Ii iiiyoiui i?e/eiai yoio ia?yae ooiaeeo ec nia?aiaiiie aeec-
ie. Oeuaaia ec noaaa?ey n/eoatho, /oi ia noiea ?aaaiea iaeaiaoue
iaeuecy, iineieueeo ia noie eeaaeoo iieieieea. Iiai?iaeaeaiiiai ia-
aycuaatho e?aniie eaioie e aaoatho ia oath eaaeaieo n
ei?aiueyie, o?aaeie eee ei?ie aea?aaa, a eioi?ia iiiaea iieiey.

. Aeaonoai o oeuaai, iiaeaeoe, naiay n/anoeeaay ii?a. Ac?ineua
noa?athony oaa?a/ue aeaoae io iiiai/eneaiiuo oyaio, naycaiiuo n
ei/aaie aeeciueth. Ia ieo ia ?ani?ino?aiythony ieeaeea ?eooaeue-
iua ia?aie/aiey, ei iicaieaii ana. Iaiacieeeaue i?eniio? ca
ieie eiaeeony ia noa?oo, eae e ana a?aiy ainieoaiey. Aaaeue /anoi
neo/aeinue oae, /oi ?iaeeoaee iiaeieao ionoonoaiaaee a oaai?a, io-
i?aaeyeenue ia ca?aaioee.

Eiaiii a aeaonoaa a oeuaaiao caeeaaeuaaaony oaeia aaaeiia ea-
/anoai, eae /oanoai e?oaiaie ii?oee. Ia?aaeei a oaai?a iiaeii ia-
aethaeaoue oaeoth noeaio: aeaoe ea?atho ana aianoa – e iaeua, e aieue-
oea, e aeaaea oa, eoi aaeaa iao/eeny aea?aeaoueny ia iiaao. I?e yoii
io/aoeeai aeaeia ioaaonoaaiiinoue noa?oeo ca ieaaeoeo. Aeaoe aeaaea
oiaeyo aonueeai, iai?iecaieueii auno?ieaoenue ii ?inoo. E aeiaieue-
ii ?aaeei i?eoiaeeeinue aeaeaoue, /oiau eoi-oi ec ?aayoeoae aue ia
eiai-oi iaeaeai eee /ai-oi iaaeiaieai. Nuciaeuenoaa iie i?eo/a-
thony aeaeeoueny ae?oa n ae?oaii, ia eai?ecie/aoue, a iauai, auoue ,>.–>\
naiinoiyoaeueiuie. N naiiai ?aiiaai aeaonoaa i?eiauathony IU25JJ

iie e o?oaeo: nia/aea iaaethaeatho, eae ?aaioatho ac?ineua, a iioii
e naie aa?oo a ?oee eino?oiaiou.

Iaaei neacaoue, /oi oeuaaineea aeaoe, iniaaiii oa, eoi i?iaeeaa-
. ao a aea?aaiyo e iinaeeao, oiaeyo a oeieo. Ii iau/ii o/aony oieue-
ei aei iyoiai eeanna. Aaea-oi e aeaaiaaeoeaoe aiaeai nuiiauey a?oaeue-
ueeia ia/eiatho na?ueacii caieiaoueny ?aianeii, a cia/eo, ei oaea
ia aei o/aau. A /aou?iaaeoeaoue – iyoiaaeoeaoue eao iiiaea, eae i?a-
aeei, oaea iacaaiaeyony naieie naiueyie.

Aaeaa ee ia aaaeiaeoaa niauoea a aeecie oeuaai – naaaeueaa. N iae
naycaii iaeaieueoaa eiee/anoai anyeiai ?iaea ?eooaeia e ia?yaeia.
Oieaa?naeueiue iau/ae aeey anao oeuaai ie?a – aeaieoueaa ii i?aae-
aa?eoaeueiiio naiai?o. Ia?aaeei aeaoae naaoatho aua n ?iaeaeaiey eee
a ?aiiai aeaonoaa. O eyeaey?a?ia auaaao aeaaea oae, /oi ?iaeeoaee aua
i/aiue thiiai aeaieoa caae?atho canaaoaiioth aeaai/eo a naith naiueth,
aaea iia ainieouaaaony ?yaeii n aoaeouei ioaeai. Iaeiaei iiaeiaiua
neo/ae aeiaieueii ?aaeee. A auai?a iaaanou aieueooth ?ieue ea?aao ana
oa aea oeuaaineay ii/oa. Aio aeioiaeeo ecaanoea, /oi oai-oi e oai-oi
aeeaao oeuaaineay naiuey, a eioi?ie iiae?inea iaaanoa. Nia?yaeaaony
naaoianeie iiacae. Oeuaaia, a ioee/ea io ?onneeo, i?e naaoianoaa ia
iieuecothony oneoaaie iin?aaeieeia. I?aai auai?a iaaanou anaoeaei
i?eiaaeeaaeeo iooeo aeaieoa. Aai neiai – caeii. Aaeaa ee ia o anao
oeuaai (oioy e a ?aciie oi?ia) i?eiyoi auiea/eaaoue ca iaaanoo ea-
eui, ?acia? eioi?iai aeiaieueii aaeee. Neaaeai, ii iuiaoiei a?a-
iaiai 5-7 ouny/ ?oaeae ca iaaanoo – ia noieue oae aaeeeay oeaia.
A oi aea a?aiy o oeuaai iaeioi?uo yoiia?oii (a /anoiinoe, o eyeaey-
?a?ia) nouanoaoao i?aaeei iinoaiaiiiai aica?aoa eaeuia iieiaeie
naiuea. I?aeoeeothony e a?aee, eiaaea aeaa naiuee
aeaaaeaeu ne?aieythony ?iaenoaaiiuie ocaie. I?e yoii ia i?ienoi-
aeeo e?iainiaoaiey, /oi n/eoaaony a oeuaaineie n?aaea aaeeeei a?a-
oii, ii a oaeie neooaoeee eaeui noaiiaeony /enoie oi?iaeueiin-
oueth – aeaiueae eae au ia?aoiaeyo ec ?oe a ?oee. Naie oeuaaia n/eoa-
tho eaeui au?aaeaieai aeinoieinoaa iooea aeaieoa.

A oeuaaineii ycuea neiai e neiai cao/ao
iaeeiaeiai. Oeuaaia aiai?yo oae: . Ii yoi ia nianai i?aaeeueii. Eiia/ii, yoi /oanoai ia /oae-
aei oeuaaiai. E ii?ie auaaao, /oi aeaia ethayueo auioaeaeaiu eaeoe
iiia?ae aiee ?iaeeoaeae. Ooo anooiaao a neeo ia?yae oiueaiey ia-
aanou. Nieioue e ?yaeii ana ?iaeiua e aeeceea i?ae?anii ciatho i
i?aaenoiyuai niauoee e eeoue oa?iaeeai aeaeoo, eiaaea i?iecieaeao
.

Iiaiai?ei oaia?ue i i?aaao e iaycaiiinoyo a oeuaaineii ia-
uanoaa. Caeanue ?acei a?inaaony a aeaca ia?aaiii?aaea iaaeaeo ioae-
/eiaie e aeaiueiaie. Oae, ii ioiioaieth e aeaiueia nouanoao-
ao aeeeiiue ?eooaeueiuo ia?aie/aiee, iauee niune ei-
oi?uo caeeth/ai a oi?ioea: oeuaaiea, auoaaeoay caioae, n/eoaaony
ia/enoie.

Eiaaea oeuaaineay naiuey ioi?aaeyaony a aei?iao, aeaiueia iay-
caia naaeeoueny ia oaeaao oieueei ncaaee. Aanueia naiaia?aciia nia?a-
iaiiia i?aeiieaiea aeaiiiai caeiia iu iaaethaeaee a eyeaey?a?-
neii oaai?a iiae Ieeieaaaii. Eiaaea oeuaaia iano-
iue aaoiaon, ioae/eiu i?ioeneeaaeenue a iaai n ia?aaeiae
ieiuaaeee, a aeaiueiu – n caaeiae.

Ethaie i?aaeiao, eioi?ue ia?anooiaao aeaiueia, n/eoaaony ia-
/enoui e iai?eaiaeiui e oiio?aaeaieth. Oaeia nayuaiiia aeey oeu-
aai i?oaeea, eae eioo, anaaaea aaoaeny ia ii/aoiii ianoa. I?e yoii
oicyei ioua anaai aiyeny, /oiau ii ia oiae, /oiau neo/aeii ia
aue iiiaaiai aeaiueiie. Niaeanii oeuaaineei caeiiai, any iaeaae-
aea aeaiueiu, iniaaiii thaea e oooee, n/eoaeanue ia/enoie. E eeoue
aeey oa?ooea (iaycaoaeueiiai a iaeaaeaea oeuaaiie) aeaeaeinue eneeth-
/aiea. A oa?ooea oeuaaiea iiaeao iineoue oeaa, i?eoaaouaaoue ei
ai?y/oth iinoaeo e o. ae. Ii ie a eiai neo/aa iaeuecy aeaeaoue oi aea
naiia n iiiiuueth thaee. Anee oeuaaiea aeaaea e?aai thaee caaeaiao
oa?aeeo n aaeie, ieua e iinoaea aua?anuaathony.

Aieueoei iici?ii n/eoaaony, anee aeaiueia einiaony thaeie
ioaea eee ae?oaiai ioae/eiu. Ai?i/ai, eiiaaea oeuaaiee aeaeatho yoi
ia?i/ii, a ea/anoaa ianoe ca iaianaiioth iaeaeo. E i?eia?o, anee
oeuaai ia?ooaao neiai, aeaiiia ei i?e naaoianeii naiai?a, oeuaai-
ea eiaao i?aai ineaa?ieoue aai naiae thaeie, iaa?inea aa ia aieiao
iaeae/eeo. Aeaau niuoue iici?, oeuaai iaycai a yoii neo/aa eeai aea-
ieoueny ia iaiaiooie, eeai auieaoeoue ae cia/eoaeueioth aeaiaaeioth
eiiiainaoeeth (aieueooth, /ai ?acia? eaeuia). Oi aea i?aai inoa-
aony ca aeaiueiie, oee/eaoae ioaea a noi?oaeaneie iaaa?iinoe.

Ineaa?iaiiue ioae/eia () – neiaii a oeuaaineii iauanoaa. Ieeoi ia eiaao i?aai aeaaea iicaei?i-
aaoueny n iei ca ?oeo. Ineaa?iaiiui n/eoaaony e aai aeeeeua.
Anee, e i?eia?o, au neo/aeii caoee a aeii e iaay?aei e ii ia i?a-
aeoi?aaeee aan (/oi iaycai naeaeaoue ii caeiio) i naiai noaoona, oi
oaao iaaeao e ia aaoo aieiao. A eo/oai neo/aa oeuaaineee noae can-
oaaeo aan caieaoeoue nieeaeiue oo?ao, /oiau niuoue n naay ionoue e
ia/ayiiue iici?.

Iniaay nenoaia cai?aoia aeaenoaiaaea ii ioiioaieth e ?iaeaie-
oea. Aeaaiue aa i?eioeei oaeia: . Yoio cai?ao aeaenoaiaae iau/ii a oa/aiea o?ao iaaeaeue. Oae
auaaei a aieueoie oeuaaineie naiuea, ia eniuouaaaoae cao?oaeia-
iee iaoa?eaeueiiai naienoaa. Anee aea naiuey iaaaeeea eee a iae
iiiai iaeieaoieo aeaoae, n?ie cai?aoa nie?auaeny aei aeaoo iaaeaeue.
Eiaaea iiiiuue ?iaeaieoea noaiiaeeanue ino?i iaiaoiaeeiie, aucuaa-
ee aeooa?eo ec aea?aaie. Yoie aeaiueia cai?auaeinue aeaaea iiaea-
aaoue ?oeo e neaeaoue n iae ca iaeiei noieii. Ieeaeiai nino?aaeaiey e
?iaeaieoea oeuaaia ia eniuouaaee. Aeaaea anee ?aaaieo oa?iaeaea
nia?oue, oaao neaaeiaaee iaoeinieoaeueii. Ia?ooeaoee cai?ao noa-
iiaeeny iaay?aei. Eiia/ii, a iaoa a?aiy yoa nenoaia cai?aoia yaii
niya/eeanue. Oae, nae/an e ?iaeaieoea aeiioneathony iiaeeeua aeai-
ueiu e ioae. Ia a?aiy aeaooiaaeaeueiie ecieyoeee ?iaeaieoea auaea-
eytho iinoaeo, iieioaioea, i?inouie e oacee aeey oiuaaiey. *a?ac
aeaa iaaeaee ana, /ai iieueciaaeanue ?iaeaieoea, aua?anuaaaony.

A yoii iau/aa iao?oaeii iouneaoue iaiaeoth aeieth cae?aaiai
niunea. A ei/aaie aeecie iinoiyiii iiaeaea?aeeaaoue aeieaeiia naie-
oa?iia ninoiyiea a oaai?a – caaea/a ia ec eaaeeo. E anee au anai
auei aeicaieaii naiaiaeii iauaoueny n ?iaeaieoeae e ?aaaieii, oi aa-
eeea auea au aa?iyoiinoue aicieeiiaaiey eioaeoeee. A ii- ^–^
neieueeo iieo/eoue iaaeeoeeineoth iiiiuue oeuaaiai anaaaea |oe27E

auei neiaeii, ethaay eioaeoeey iaieioaii i?eaiaeeea au e nia?-
oaeueiiio enoiaeo. A no?iauo oneiaeyo ei/aauey iiaeiaiua oaao neo-
aeeee aoiaiiui oeaeyi.

Iiiai/eneaiiua ?eooaeueiua cai?aou aiana ia aeaeatho aeeciue
oeuaaiie iaauiineiie. N ?aiiaai aeaonoaa nenoaia oaao aoiaeeo a eo
ieioue e e?iaue, e iie ia ia?ooatho oiai, /aai ia aeicaieaii ia?ooaoue.
A aeecie oeuaaineie aeaiueiu /aoei auaeaeythony /aou?a ia?eiaea.

Ia?aue – aeaonoai e thiinoue, aeeciue aei caioaeanoaa. Oeuaaineea
aeaoe, a oii /enea e aeaai/ee, a. naiai iiaaaeaiee ie/ai ia ia?aie/a-
iu, o ieo iao ieeaeeo iniauo iaycaiiinoae. Aoi?ie ia?eiae – ia?-
aua ianeieueei eao iinea caioaeanoaa (iau/ii iyoue-aeanyoue eao).
Eae oieueei oeuaaiea auoiaeeo caioae, ia aa iea/e eiaeeony ia?ii-
iia a?aiy caaio i naiuea. Iieiaeooa aeieaeia auiieiyoue anth oyaea-
eoth aeiiaoithth ?aaioo: noe?aoue, aioiaeoue ieuo, oae?aoue. Anoaao
iia ?aiueoa anao, a eiaeeony iineaaeiae. Eaeaoue ?aiiei oo?ii ii
oeuaaineie aea?aaia e aeaeeoue: aicea aeiiia oaea aenyo oa?aiae au-
noe?aiiiai aaeuey. Yoi -?aaioa iieiaeooe. Iaae o?oaie aeiia oaea
aueaony aeuiie. Aioiaeony ieua.

N ?aiiaai aeaonoaa oeuaaiee ciaeiiyony e n o?aaeeoeeiiiuie ia-
oiaeaie aeiauaaiey n?aaenoa e nouanoaiaaieth – aaaeaieai e iii?i-
oaeie/anoaii. A aieueoie oeuaaineie naiuea, aaea o iieiaeooe ?aai-
ou anaaaea ii ai?ei, a ia?aua aiaeu caioaeiae aeecie aa ia eniieueco-
tho a ea/anoaa aeiauo/eoeu. Ii aio a naiuea iiyaeyaony iiaay iieiaeooa
e inaiaiaeaeaao ?oee i?aaeuaeouae. E oa anooiaao a o?aoee ia?eiae nai-
ae aeecie – ooiaeeo ia ca?aaioee. A yoi a?aiy iia ea?aao aaeaa ee ia
aeaaioth ?ieue a iaoa?eaeueiii aeaaiiieo/ee naiuee. I?iaeaia aaeaae-
iaaiiai ca?aaioea o oeuaai eaaeeo ia iea/ao aeaiuei. A iaaieueoeo
naiueyo aoi?ie e o?aoee yoaiu aeecie aeaiuei ia?aaeei niaiauatho-
ny. Iineaaeiee, /aoaa?oue yoai – noa?inoue. A iiaeeeii aic?anoa n
aeaiueiu nieiathony ana ?eooaeueiua ia?aie/aiey. Noa?ay aeaiue-
ia iieuecoaony anaiauei ii/aoii. Neo/aaony, /oi iinea nia?oe aea-
au naiuee iia noaiiaeony ai aeaaa ?iaea.

Oaia?ue ?anneaaeai i oii, /ai caieiathony a oaai?a ioae/eiu.
Iineieueeo iu a iniiaiii aaee ?a/ue ia yoiia?oiia eyeaey?a?ia, oi
ioaao ia yoio aii?in i?ino – ?aianeii. Eniieii aaea aeaaiui ca-
iyoeai eyeaey?a?ia auei ecaioiaeaiea iaoaeee/aneie iinoaeu. Ia-
noa?neay ?aianeaiieea ia ?aaeeinoue i?inoa: iiae iaaanii ia aea?aayi-
iuo /o?aaeao i?ee?aieai eonie ?aeuena, ia eioi?ii ia?aaaouaatho
aoaeouaa ecaeaeea. Iau/iue iieioie, iayeueiay eaiia aea aaae?i e?an-
ee-na?aa?yiee – aio aanue iaoeo?ue iaai? eoaeeeueueee Oeuaaia ec-
aioiaeytho eioeu oaeei ia?acii, /oiau iie aoiaeeee iaeei a ae?oaie
iiaeiaii . Oae oaeiaiaa ia?aaiceoue aioiaoth i?iaeoeoeeth,
aaaeue ii?ie i?eoiaeeony acaeeoue ia cia/eoaeueiua ?annoiyiey. A oa-
eeo aieinoyo oaeiaii o?aieoue ca?ii e ae?oaea nuio/ea aauanoaa.

A iineaaeiaa a?aiy ni?in ia yoe ecaeaeey ia/ae iaaeaoue. E iiy-

oiio e o ian a no?aia, e aua ?aiueoa ca ?oaaaeii eyeaey?a?u noaee
iinoaiaiii iaiyoue i?ioanneth. Iaeioi?ua, iniaaiii ia thaa, iiae-
?yaeathony ia ecaioiaeaiea iyaeie e?iaee aeiiia. ?aaioa yoa i/aiue
oyaeaeay, a?aaeiay e nii?yaeaia n ?eneii aeey caei?iauey. Iaeaieue-
oaa aea /enei eyeaey?a?ia ia?aeaaeeoeoee?iaaeenue ia yeaeo?inaa-
^–^ ?i/iua ?aaiou – cia/eoaeueii aieaa i?anoeaeiua, a ecaan-
|[128]| oiie ia?a oai?/aneea e oi?ioi iiea/eaaaiua. Naaiaeiy ii-

anaianoii eyaeaey?a?neea naiuee iauaaeeiythony a eiiia?aoeau e iea-
oyo iaeiae a eacio ainoaea?noaa ia iaueo iniiaaieyo.

A caeeth/aiea e?aoeiai enoi?eei-yoiia?aoe/aneiai yeneo?na
?anneaaeai i iioi?iiiii ia?yaea o eyeaey?a?ia. Yoi aaaeii oioy au
iioiio, /oi n iei naycaii iaiaei oieueeei?iuo nthaeaoia. Iaeei ec
iaeaieaa eioa?aniuo iiiaioia aai – oae iacuaaaiay
eee . Yoi ia o?aaeeoeeiiiua o?enoeaineea iiieiee ii
oniioaio. Ioee/ea aio a /ai: oioy au iaeei ?ac a aiaeo (iau/ii ia
aiaeiaueio nia?oe) eyeaey?a?u iaycaiu iaeoe a oaai?a /aeiaaea,
iioiaeaai oeao?ie ia iieieiiai, e iaeaoue aai ai ana iiaia n aieiau
aei iia. Ii oeuaaineiio iiaa?ueth, iiaea?aiiay iaeaaeaea a ?aaiie noa-
iaie neoaeeo eae aeeaiio, oae e ia?oaiio.

Eyeaey?a?u no?iai niaethaeatho aiaeiaie o?ao? ii oniioaio. A yoi
a?aiy ?iaenoaaiieeai ia oieueei cai?auaaony iaoue e oaioeaaaoue, ii
aeaaea oioue iaeaeoei ia?acii ?acaeaeaoueny. Cai?auaii aeaaea ?an-
neacuaaoue neacee, /oi i/aiue ineiaeiyei iaoe oieueeei?iua yenia-
aeeoeee. Iiiyoii, /oi i?iaeeoue aiae a oaeeo oneiaeyo iai?inoi, e iin-
ea aicaea?aeaiey oeuaaia na?anuaatho n naay /a?ioth iaeaaeaeo, oaioeo-
tho ia iae, euetho ia iaa aeii, a iioii naeeaatho. Ia iiieieao ?thieo
aei aeia ia auieaatho – inoaoee aeia aueeaatho ia noie eee ia iie.
Anee iiieiee i?ienoiaeyo ia eeaaeaeua, /anoue iaaeiieoiai aeia au-
eeaatho ia iiaeeo. O eyeaey?a?ia ia i?eiyoi ia iiieieao iiaeaaaoue
ino?oth e ai?ueeoth ieoo. Eae aeaneo iiaa?uea – /oiau ia auei ai?ue-
ei iieieieeo. Ia?aae aaeie ia iiieieao iitho ?oee. Oicyei ia?-
aui i?iaoao eaaeaeia aethaei. Iaeii ianoi ca noieii inoaaony naiaiae-
iui. Iinea iiieiie ana anoatho ec-ca noiea iaeiia?aiaiii.

Ae?aooea inoaiiaeiny ia niaea?aeaiee e ooaeiaeanoaaiiuo iniaai-
iinoyo oeuaaineiai oieueeei?a. Cia/eoaeueiia ianoi caieiaao iiaa-
noaiaaoaeueiue oieueeei? eyeaey?a?ia. Ii niaea?aeaieth ii aanueia o?a-
aeeoeeiiai. Ia?iiiia ianoi a iai caieiatho aieoaaiua neacee, a ei-
oi?uo iaeaieaa /anoi ano?a/athony ciaaai?/aneea nthaeaou.

Neaci/iua Ciae – aiieiuaiea cea, ianeeey e iani?aaaaeeeai-
noe. Yoi ioithaeue ia anaaaea /enoi aano?aeoiua ia?niiaaee. Oae, a eye-
aey?a?neeo neaceao ciaaai?/aneea nthaeaou ia?aaeei neiaieece?o-
tho ecaa/ioth ai?ueao aaeeaineeo ia?iaeia i?ioea oo?aoeeiai eaa.
Ciae a ieo – i?aaeaiaeeoaee oo?aoeeeo a?iee. Ia neo/aeii iie ii-
?ie ecia?aaeathony ia a o?aaeeoeeiiii iiiaiaieiaii aeaea, a a /enoi
/aeiaa/aneii iaee/uea. Oaia ai?ueau ca n/anouea e ni?aaaaeeeainoue
ia?aaeei ?iaeaeaao oaeeaeoaeueiua ii e?anioa ia?acu. Oae, aeaaiui
aa?iai iaeiie ec neacie noaiiaeony oeuieaiie, ?iaeeaoeeny ec neac
aeaiueiu, o eioi?ie Ciae iioeoeee anao aa aeaoae.

Ia niaea?aeaiea eyeaey?a?neeo neacie aieueoia aeeyiea ieacae
ain-oi/ii?iiaineee oieueeei?. Yoi caiaoii oioy au ii eiaiai ia-
eioi?uo oieueeei?iuo ia?niiaaeae. E i?eia?o, aeaaiuie aeae-
noaothueie eeoeaie iaeiie ec neacie yaeythony Aono?e e Oeieiie
(Neieiie) – aa?ie, eiaia eioi?uo i?ienoiaeyo io iacaaiee ?an-
oaiee aaceeeea e oeiueyia. Oai, aaea nooiaao iiaa yoeo aa?iaa, au-
?anoatho oeaaou.

Eioa?aniuie ia?niiaaeaie eyeaey?a?neeo neacie yaeythony ii-
iiuieee aeaaiiai aa?iy, niinianoaothuea oiio, /oiau ii a naieo
no?ainoaeyo aeinoea aeaeaaiie oeaee. Eiaia eo niaiaaeatho n ^–>.
iacaaieyie aeiae iaaeaee – Oyo?aaee (n?aaea), AE?ey (/aoaa?a), |^29j

5 Cae.I821

Ia?aoooee (iyoieoea) e Eo?ei (aine?anaiuea). Ia?aua o?e – noa-
?ua aeaiueiu, a /aoaa?oue – noa?ee. Yoi a?ao e nano?u. Iniaai-
ii eiei?eoia oeao?a Eo?ei. Ii naiue noa?ue n?aaee anao e iaeai-
eaa inaaaeiieaiiue. Ana aeeaia a ie?a ieaoeo aio aeaiue – e caa?e,
e ioeoeu. Naiaia?acai aiaoiee aeae Eo?ei, ii – ai?ueeee iueyie-
oea, iineo iiiioaiioth e caeyiaiioth iaeaaeaeo, aai eeoei iie?uoi
neiyeaie e nnaaeeiaie. Neiaii, ii iieiinoueth ii?aaaeuaaao naia
eiy: aeaaiia a aai aeecie – yoi iiaoeyoue, iiaanaeeoueny.

O eyeaey?a?ia nouanoaoao oeaeay aeueyaieueneeo nee.
Ii nouanoaothuaio iiaa?ueth a ?acaiai?a i?ieciineoue neiai ?o>
iaeuecy, aeaau ia aucaaoue aai i?enoonoaea a aeiia. Iiyoiio eyeaey?a-
?u iacuaatho /a?oa , oi anoue .
*oi icia/aao oaeia no?aiiia neiaini/aoaiea? Oeuaaia iauyniyee
iai oae: /a?o anaaaea iiyaeyaony a ioaeaneao iaiy, e?aniua aeeee
ieaiaie io?aaeathony ia aai eeoea e ie?aoeaatho aai a e?aniue oeaao.
Aiiaua o eyeaey?a?ia e?aniue oeaao – neiaie aaaeu, ieioie aanoe.
Iai?eia?, a iiycee – e?aniay ciaeea, e?aniay ioe/ea e o. i. Ai-
eaa aunieoth nooiaiueeo a ea?a?oe/aneie eanoieoea ia/enoie neeu
caieiaao oaeie ia?niiaae, eae , eee .

Anee o?aaeeoeeiiiue ia?aciue no?ie eyeaey?a?neeo neacie ia
o?aaoao iniaiai eiiiaioa?ey, oi ioiineoaeueii auee/ae iaiaoi-
aeeiu iaeioi?ua iiyniaiey. Yoio aeai? aiiaua i?enou oeuaain-
eiio oieueeei?o a oeaeii, a oii /enea e eyeaey?a?neiio. Iaiaei
auee/ae ia iaeeaathueo ia?oaaoeao naycaiu n iienaiiui iaie
ia?yaeii . Ae?oaei ?ani?ino?aiaiiui nthaeaoii auee-
/ae yaeyaony yaeaiea eeaaea. I?aanoaaiiue noa?aeaiue oaeiai ?iaea
i?iecaaaeaiee i/aaeaeai: neo/aeiia aiaaonoai i?eoiaeeo e oiio, eoi
a aeecie ia?aaeee iaiaei ai?y e no?aaeaiee, eoi aue aeia? e eth-
aeyi. Anee aea eeaae iiyaeyaony ia?aae ieioei /aeiaaeii, oi ii ia
aeanony aio a ?oee, iiiaieo e en/aciao. Aaaeiui ia?niiaaeai au-
ee/ae i eeaaeao yaeyaony oae iacuaaaiue . O eye-
aey?a?ia yoi , oi anoue iaiiae, caai?athueeny ia ianoa, aaea
ca?uo eeaae. Eiaaea /aeiaae i?eaeeaeaaony e iaiiueeo, ii ?ac?anoa-
aony, i?eieiaao i?e/oaeeeaua, aeaaea ono?aoathuea oi?iu. Iaaei
iiaeieoe e yoiio iaiiueeo e i?ee?uoue aai naiae iaeaaeaeie. Anee ou
oi?ioee /aeiaae, oiaaea ou aicueiaoue eeaae, a anee ieioie – ei-
ia?a iaiaeaeao oaaa eeoei e ?oee, inoaaeo iaou ia anth aeeciue.

Ianaiiue oieueeei? oeuaai noieue a?aiaeeicai ii iauaio, /oi
iao niunea aeaaea iuoaoueny ioaaoeoue aai iieiinoueth. Aeaei a oii,
/oi, eae e i?ioanneiiaeueiia eneonnoai oeuaai, oeuaaineee oieuee-
ei? iaaei aini?eieiaoue eae iaeoth niaieoiiinoue ?acee/iuo io-
cueaeueiuo e iiyoe/aneeo nenoai, ii?ie ioee/athueony ei?aiiui
ia?acii. *enei oaeeo nenoai aaeaa ee ia ?aaii eiee/anoao oeuaai-
neeo yoiia?oii. Iiyoiio iu ?anneaaeai eeoue i aeaoo ?acei eii-
o?anoiuo iocueaeueii-iiyoe/aneeo nenoaiao, nicaeaiiuo oeuaaia-
ie, – i ianaiiii oieueeei?a ?onneeo oeuaai e eyeaey?a?ia.

Anee iiiuoaoueny n?aaieoue ianie ?onneeo oeuaai e eyeaey?a?ia,
o?oaeii oeiaeoue a ieo oioy au iaeaeoaa noiaenoai. Ieeiaaea ia nea-
aeaoue, /oi iie i?eiaaeeaaeao e aeaoi yoiia?aoe/aneei a?oiiai iae-
J–>.! iiai ia?iaea. A /ai caeanue i?e/eia, neacaoue neiaeii. Iiaeao,
IJ30JJ a oii, /oi a aeaeaeea io ian aiaeu iooe ?acaeoey eoeueoo?u

iaeiaaea aaeeiiai ia?iaea ?acioeenue. Ii a?yae ee oaeia iauyniaiea
iiaeii iacaaoue en/a?iuaathuei. Oioy oieueeei? i?aaenoaaeyao ec
naay iaeee aeeaie e ?acaeaathueeny i?aaieci, ii a oi aea a?aiy
ii /?acau/aeii eiina?aaoeaai. Aai oaiu e nthaeaou, eae i?aae-
ei, n oa/aieai a?aiaie ia en/acatho, ii eciaiythony oae, /oi eaae-
aeay enoi?e/aneay yiioa inoaaeyao naie iaou iaaeieai, anee ia ia-
anaaaea. Ianeieueei aieaa iiaeaa?aeaia eciaiaieth noeeenoeea i?i-
;ecaaaeaiee.

*oi i?aaeaea anaai a?inaaony a aeaca i?e niiinoaaeaiee ia?iae-
iuo ianai ?onneeo oeuaai e eyeaey?a?ia? Eo iocueaeueiay iniiaa.
Iaeiaeee ia?iaeiuo ianai ?onneeo -oeuaai ia ?aaeeinoue i?e/oaeeeau,
aeoaiei yiioeeiiaeueiu, aiaaoi i?iaiaioe?iaaiu, oe?iee, ?aniaa-
iu. A ianiyo ?onneeo oeuaai – oiiaiea iocueie. Iiaony ia oieue-
ei eaaeaeay ioaeaeueiay o?aca eae niuneiaia oeaeia, ii eaaeaeia neiai,
eaaeaeue neia a iai. Oi anoue i?iiaaaaony ana, /oi iiaeao i?iiaoueny.
Anee iiiaaeaaony aeaniay, oi iia iai?aiaiii ia?aieyaony eaeei-
oi iaiuneeiui i?iaiaioaeueiui oci?ii. Ii anee aeieai iao aean-
iie, iaeaniauaathony e niaeaniua caoee, aeaaea caoe eee .
I?eaeiaeueia e noeeenoeea ianai ?onneeo oeuaai, aaea caiaoiay ia
neoo aa?iiie/ii ni/aoaaony n i?eaiaie ?onnei-
ai ?aniaaa. I?e iiaeiaiii ioiioaiee e iaieth, i?e oaeie iocueaeue-
iie , anoanoaaiii, iiycey ooiaeeo ia aoi?ie ieai,
ii?iuaaony aei iai?eoycaoaeueiinoe. Iaaea?ii aeaaeaiee A. I. Aa-
?aiieeia neacae i ianiyo ?onneeo oeuaai oae: . Yoi auei
neacaii a 1931 aiaeo. N oao ii? eieeaeoeee oieueeei?enoia oaaee/e-
eenue ai iiiai ?ac, ii iaei /oi eciaieeinue a ioeaiea iiycee ?onneeo
oeuaai. ?acaa /oi iaiaa eaoaai?e/ii noaei iiaiea i oaiaoe/aneie
aaaeiinoe. A yoie nayce iiaeai?ea ianai ?onneeo oeuaai no?ieeanue ii
i?eioeeio ouaoaeueiiai ioai?a eo/oeo ia?acoeia.

Ia?iaeiay iiycey ?onneeo oeuaai, eae aa?ii caiaoee A. I. Aa-
?aiieeia, oeaeeeii iie?aaony ia ?aaeueioth aeeciue, a iae i?aeoe-
/anee ionoonoaotho ioaea/aiiua oaiu (ca eneeth/aieai ethaiaiie
ee?eee), niaa?oaiii ia io?aaeaia oaia enoi?e/aneay, ii/oe iao
yiina, neaai ?acaeoa aaeeaaeiay oi?ia. A oi aea a?aiy auni/aeoa-

ai o?iaiy aeinoeaaao yiioeeiiaeueiue iaeae, aicieeathuee ca nei-
aaniui ?yaeii, ia nouea neia. Anee /eoaoue iiyceth ?onneeo oeuaai
aeacaie, o?oaeii oeiaeoue aa iiaeeeiiia niaea?aeaiea. Oaeia noaii-
aeony aiciiaeiui eeoue i?e neooaiee yoeo ianai, eiaaea iocuea
aeineacuaaao oi, /oi ia niiaee auneacaoue neiaa. A aeey naieo oeu-
aai ca neiaaie i?inoaeoeo oaenoia anoaao ianuuaiiay aeeciue, ii-
iyoiay oieueei ei.

Ae?oaie ?acoeueoao iocueaeueiie ianai ?on-
neeo oeuaai – iaee/ea iiiai/eneaiiuo oaenoiauo eeeoa, ei/o-
thueo ec ianie a ianith.

Aieueoia aeeyiea ia niaea?aeaiea ianaiiiai oieueeei?a ?onneeo
oeuaai ieacaee ?onneea ia?iaeiua ianie e ai?iaeneea ?iiainu i?i-
oeiai aaea. Iie auee aiaea/aiu a i?aeoo ia?iaeiiai oai?/anoaa e
noaee iaiouaieaiie /anoueth oeuaaineie eoeueoo?u. Enoaoe aiai?y,
Nouanoaoao iaiaei i?eia?ia e i?yii i?ioeaiiieiaeiuo i?ioean-
nia acaeiiaeaenoaey aeaoo eoeueoo?. Ii ia yoii oae iiiai ai-
ai?eeinue, /oi iu ia noaiai iiaoi?youeny.

Ia/eiay ?acaiai? i ianiyo ?onneeo oeuaai, iu, a ecaanoiie
ia?a, i?ioeaiiinoaaeyee eo iocueaeueiiio oieueeei?o ae?oaie
oeuaaineie yoiia?oiiu – eyeaey?a?ia. Aeaenoaeoaeueii, iaeiaeee
ianai e aaeeaae eyeaey?a?ia ian?aaiaiii aaaeiae. A ieo ia iaeoe
i?e/oaeeeaie oci?/aoinoe iaeiaee/aneiai ?enoiea, iie i?inou, ia-
neieueei iiiioiiiu e ?eoie/anee ia ?aaeeinoue iaeiiia?aciu. Aein-
oaoi/ii neacaoue (e /eoaoaeue a yoii eaaei oaaaeeony nai), /oi ii-
aeaaeythuaa aieueoeinoai ia?iaeiuo ianai e aaeeaae eyeaey?a?ia ii-
aony a ?eoia iieaeaaneie aeieiu, /oi a iiyoe/aneie iao?eea
niioaaonoaoao /aou?aonoiiiiio oi?ath. Ie/aai iauaai n noeoii ianai ?onneeo oeuaai iiycey eyeaey?a?ia ia eia-
ao. Ii iuouaiea iaeiiia?acey e oiueinoe iaiiaaiii oeaoo/eaa-
aony, aaeaa ia/eiaaoue aieeaoue a nooue e ia?acioth oeaiue eyeaey?a?-
neie iiycee. E anee i?i ?onneeo oeuaai ni?aaaaeeeai neacaoue –
ia?iae iocueaioia, oi i?i eyeaey?a? – ia?iae iiyoia.

Iiaeeeiiuie aeai/oaeeiaie a naiaea eyeaey?a?neie iiycee ya-
eythony aaeeaaeu. Caeanue iiaeii ano?aoeoue e aa?ie/aneea eaaaiaeu, e
neacee, iaea/aiiua a iiyoe/aneoth oi?io, e enoi?e/aneea i?aaea-
iey. Aa?iyie aaeeaae ii?ie aunooiatho iaeiaaea iiioey?iua a ia?i-
aea ethaee. Oae, oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiai o eyeaey?a?ia nthaeao i iaeiai
aa?iia Aeooaii eee nthaeao i Ei?aa – eiaeii ai?a, eee i Iaioeea-
eaiaiueea. I eyeaey?a?neie aaeeaaea o?oaeii aiai?eoue eae-oi iaia-
uaiii, iineieueeo caeanue eaaeaeia i?iecaaaeaiea ii-naiaio oieeaeue-
ii. *aai noiyo oioy au aaeeaaeu, ian-
ie eyeaey?a?ia.

Iai ia ?ac i?eoiaeeeinue noaeeeaaoueny n eioa?aniui e aaaeiui
oaeoii: iaeioi?ua eyeaey?a?neea aaeeaaeu nicaeaaaeenue ia iniiaa
iiaeeeiiuo niauoee, a ieo nio?aiaiu eiaia aeeaoeo iaeiaaea eth-
aeae. Aicueiai oioy au . Aa?ii ?enoi Iao?iae/ ec’
iiae Oaa?e oaa?ye ian, /oi a iae ?a/ue eaeao i iiaeeeiiii niauoee e
/oi aa?ie ianie Ay?eoea aue ?iaeiui a?aoii oaea oiiiyiooiai iaie
Aiai ea Eaeyei – iniiaaoaey ?iaea .

A iineaaeiaa a?aiy ianaiiue oieueeei? eyeaey?a?ia i?aoa?ia-
aaao na?ueaciua noeeenoe/aneea eciaiaiey. Ianaiiue aeai? iinoa-
iaiii auoaniyao ec iianaaeiaaiiai iaeoiaea aaeeaaeu. Ia ianoi
neaiciiai iiaanoaiaaiey i?eoiaeyo oeeeee/aneea oi?iu n /anou-
ie iiaoi?aie ioaeaeueiuo no?ie, eioi?ua neiaii ia?aoaeatho ec
eoieaoa a eoieao. Oeene?oaony iaeiaeey aaeeaae, en/acaao aa eii-
?iaecaoeeiiiinoue. Aaconeiaii, iaeiaee/aneea ea/anoaa i?iecaaaea-
iee i?e yoii aic?anoatho, ii, e niaeaeaieth, i?iiaaeaao nthaeaoiia
iaiieiaiea aaeeaae, nio?aiyaony eeoue noa?aeaiue. Ei?ioei oa?ae-
oa?ecoy yoio i?ioeann, a ea/anoaa aai aeaaiie i?e/eiu oeaaeai ia
eciaiaiey oneiaee auoiaaiey oeuaaineiai oieueeei?a. A yoie eie-
aa i?aaenoaaeaiu eae au aeaa noeeenoe/aneea o?aaeeoeee. Iaeia ec ieo
naycaia ni noa?uie a?aiaiaie, eiaaea aieueoia ianoi a aeecie eye-
aey?a?ia caieiaei ei/aauea, eiaaea aua ia iuouaeny ?ac?ua eyeaey-
?a?neie e ainoi/ii?iiaineie eoeueoo?. Aoi?ay o?aaeeoeey naycaia
n iaoeie aeiyie.

A oaia?ue ianeieueei neia i ciaiaieoii eneonnoaa oeuaai aaaeaoue
e aeiiioece?iaaoue. A eieaa ciaiaieoiai aeiiieiaa, i?ioanni?a
.–.s A. I. Nayaeiua i?eaaaeai eeanne/a-
u32]j neee i?eia? oeuaaineiai aeiiica, i eioi?ii ?anneacaea

iaeia aeaiueia: <...iia eao. ss ianoaaa a. iaoiaeynue a eiiaiaee iineaa y auoea ia naea oaaeeiaiioth neaiaeeo e caiyeanue naiae ei iia iiaeioea oeu- aaiea aa aiein iiaeiyea aieiao iiiaeaeue noiyee aua ianeieue- oeuaaiie. oeuaaiea aiai ii iineooii auiieiyea oeacaiey. na iiaoi aeaa n coaii aei- noaiue iiiaoo caaa aoiaaeiua aeaiueae. ca iiie: iie aeaiueae caaeie>. Aeaeaa o iaiy iinea-
aeiaae i?iaae a iaiyoe. Aeaiaa o iaiy iia ia ioieiaea, ii iieacaea
iia naith ?oeo, a eioi?ie aeaiaa ia ieacaeinue; a iiae ?oea, ?acoia-
aony, aeaiaa oiaea ia noaei… Oiaaea y anoaea, a iia iia neacaea: “Aea-
iaa ia aeaeae, iie aa?ioony!” ss ioee/ii iiieiaea, /oi yoiai ia ao-
aeao; iaiy ie?oaeeee oeuaaiee e ae?oaay oeuaaiea noaea i?ineoue o
iaiy aeaiaa, y neacaea: “O iaiy oieueei iaeeea iiiaou, y ia iiao eo
aeaoue, a oi iia ia aeiaoaoue aei aeiia”. Oiaaea o?aouey oeuaaiea iii?ineea
o iaiy eiioaoo aeey ?aaaiea, e y aeaea ae (o iaiy a noiea aue aeaeai
eoeae n eiioaoaie). ss anoaea ni neaiaeee e iai?aaeeanue e aieaa
ethaeiiio ianoo, e iaeia ec oeuaaiie iioea ca iiie. Iia iia neacaea:

“Nieie eieueoei, /oiau ou oi?ioi aeeea”. A ioaao y neacaea: “ss ia
aa?th”. – “Nieie eieueoei, – iiaoi?eea iia, – a oi ia aeiaaeaoue aei
aeiio, ou any ii/a?iaaoue!” ss ioaaoeea, /oi ia aithnue, ii niyea eieue-
oei, ii ia cieioia (ia?o/aeueiia), a na?aa?yiue ia?noaiue, auaoee
ia eaaie ?oea. “Iao, ae?oaia eieueoei, a oi aeeciue aoaeao aaeay”. ss ia-
aeaea eieueoei niiaa. “Nieie ae?oaia eieueoei, /oiau y oi?ioi aaaea-
ea”. ss neacaea: “Aeaaooee, au iaieioi ca?aaioaee, ii aeaiaa iia ia
aeaeue, a eieueoei ia?o/aeueiia”, – iaeiaei niyea e aai, ii aea?aeaea
?oeo a ea?iaia e neacaea: “Io, y niyea, niyea!” Ooo iu auoee ia
nieia/iia e ethaeiia ianoi, e y i?iaiaea aa. Aeaeeii, ia iiai eeoea
aue no?ao, iioiio /oi iia aiai?eea: “Ou iaiy ia aieny!”

Ana a?aiy y auea a iieiii niciaiee, aeaeaea ie?oaeathuea
i?aaeiaou, aea?aauey, ethaeae, aeaca ia?aie oeuaaiee, aa eaaeiiue (ia-
?aoeea aieiaiea ia oi, /oi iia auea iaaieueoay e oaiiay), yioa?-
iua na?ueae a ooao aoi?ie oeuaaiee (aa y au ociaea)…>

Ianeaaeiaaaoee iino?aaeaaooth aeaiueio i?ioanni? A, I. Nay-
aeiu niiauee: .

Eoae, /oi aea oaeia oeuaaineee aeiiic?

Oee/iue aeiiic iineaaeiaa a?aiy /anoi noaee iacuaaoue , oae eae eiaiii oeuaaia /aua e oniaoiaa ae?o-
aeo noaee aai i?eiaiyoue aeey aeiauaaiey .

Eoae, inoaiiaeiny ia iacaaiee eae iae-
aieaa /anoi ano?a/athuainy. Oeuaaineee aeiiic – yoi aeiiic ia-
yao a ninoiyiee aiae?noaiaaiey e i?eiaiyaony /aua anaai aeey ia-
caiaoiiai e?aoeia?aiaiiiai iia?oaeaiey a ninoiyiea oi-
?aaeyaiiai eiioaeoa e ecaea/aiey ec aai aaniiiiuiiai ninoiyiey
eaeie-eeai ei?unoiie auaiaeu. Oeuaaineee aeiiic y i?aiiaeath iii-
ai eao, e iao/ee iaiy yoiio nae?aoiiio iaoiaeo iie ioaoe, eioi?ue
aeaaeaao ei ni neaci/iie ae?ooiciinoueth. Oeuaaineee aei- ^–^
iic eco/atho aaiee?u, aeaeiaua ethaee, th?enou, ?aaioieee |OeCC]

niaoeneoaea, ineoieiae, a eiiaaea a?a/e e aeaaea i?inoua ethaee iau/-
iuo i?ioannee. ?yeaoe?u, i?inoeoooee, aeoeeee ?aciuo ianoae,
i?eiaiytho oeuaaineee aeiiic ae?ooicii, a eoi eo
o/eo – ia ciath, inoaaony oieueei oaeeaeyoueny ?onneiio ia?iaeiiio
aaieth, eioi?ue i?inoi i?e A?aaeiaaa, Ai?aa/aaa e Aeue-
oeeia (aeaeue oieueei, ia a oo noi?iio!). Iaiaiuaatho e
ana – io i?aceaeaioa e ethaiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai o/?aaeaeaiey aei
oee/iiai iioaiieea. A ea/anoaa iaiaioouo iiaeao ieacaoueny
iaeei /aeiaae, a?oiia ethaeae eee oeaeue ia?iae. *aua anaai oeuaai-
neee aeiiic i?eiaiyaony ia ieyaeao, ia aiecaeao, a ay?iii?oao,
a iiacaeao, a ia?eao, ia ?uieao, ia aeaeiauo ia?aaiai?ao, a ?yea-
oa, a e?eieiaeueiii aeciana e ae?. i?eaeoiuaatho ?aciua
oeiaee aeey aiaea/aiey i?inouo ethaeae a ?aciua, eaaeoueany ei
i/aiue auaiaeiuie, ia?ii?eyoey eee ea?u. Iineaaeiaa a?aiy /aua
ae?oaeo i?eiaiyaony oee/iay ea?a , eiaaea aiaea-
eaaony iiae oi?ioi io?aaeenne?iaaiiui e aacioeaciui i?aaeeiaii
a aeey iaai ea?o, a a ?acoeueoaoa inoaaony aac aeaiaa
e eiiaaea aac aeecie…

Eoae, y ia?aoiaeo e oai?aoe/aneiio e i?aeoe/aneiio ecei-
aeaieth ae?aaia?onneie ineoioaoieee i/a?iaaiey. Oioy iaoea yoi
nae?aoiay, ii iinea aeieaeo iiiaieaoieo niiiaiee y ana aea ?a-
oee, aia?aua a ie?a, iioaeeeiaaoue oaoieeo a ioe?uoie ia/aoe, /oiau ethaee ciaee, /oi yoio oaiiiai no-
uanoaoao, e ia ea?aee a aca?oiua, ca?aiaa i?iea?uoiua oee/-
iua ea?u e .

Ae?aaiea ?onu iiciaaaee i?e?iaeo a neaaeothuae iineaaeiaaoaeue-
iinoe. Aia/aea iuoaeenue iiiyoue iniiaiua caeiiu aeaeaeaiey ia-
aaniuo naaoee, aeey /aai aua a eaiaiiii aaea no?ieee iana?aaoi-
?ee, iai?eia? a A?eaeia (*aeyaeineay iae.). Caoai iuoaeenue ii-
iyoue e iauynieoue oece/aneoeO-y?e?iaeo ie?oaeathueo /aeiaaea
i?aaeiaoia e yaeaiee. Caoai ia?aoee e eco/aieth ono?ienoaa nia-
noaaiiiai i?aaiecia, ioe?uee aioo?aiiea i?aaiu, eo iacia/aiea
e ?ieue. Caoai ia?aoee e eco/aieth nianoaaiiie ineoeee e nicia-
iey, ioe?uee caeiiiia?iinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey nianoaaiiiai
, Iineaaeiea noieaoey noaee eco/aoue e nioeeaeueioth n?aaeo /a-
eiaaea, ioe?uee iaeioi?ua caeiiiia?iinoe iieiaeaiey /aeiaa-
ea a iauanoaa. Caoai ia?aoee e eco/aieth caeiiiia?iinoae no-
uanoaiaaiey /aeiaa/aneeo niiauanoa, yoiinia, iaoeee, ainoaea?noa.
Iineaaeiaa a?aiy noaee eco/aoueny caeiiu noaiiaeaiey e ?acaeoey
anae iaua/aeiaa/aneie oeeaeeecaoeee ia Caiea, ioe?uee nouanoai-
aaiea iiinoa?u. Oaia?ue oaea eco/aaony i?iaeaia /aeiaa/aneiai
niiauanoaa – eae einie/aneiai oaiiiaia, a”nayce n inaiaieai
Einiina. Eae iu aeaeei, e?oa caieioeny, io caacae ia/aee e e iaao
i?eoee aiiaue, ii ia iiaii aeoea ciaiee.

Ii ana i?ioaaeoea aaea e ouny/aeaoey nouanoaiaaea e ?acae-
aaeanue, ia?aeeaeueii n ioeoeeaeueiie, e ae?oaay, ne?uoay io anao ia-
iinayuaiiuo, oaeiay ae?aaia?onneay iaoea ineoe/aneiai aicaeae-
noaey /aeiaaea ia-ae?oaeo ethaeae, ia aeeaioiuo, ia ethaua iauae-
ou ?aaeueiinoe.

Ae?aaia?onneea ae?aoeu ai?ieenue ni noeoeeiuie eioi?iaoee-
,/.–.s iiiuie i?ioeannaie () n iiiiuueth caeeeiaiee,
|oe34]| aea?oaii?eiioaiee, oa?ic, iieeoa, i?eaiia ecaiaiey e i?.

N/eoaeinue, /oi aeooa /aeiaaea i?iyaeyao naay a i?ec?aeao, nii-
aeaeaieyo, aaeethoeeiaoeeyo, aaoiiaoeciao e i?. Aicaeaenoaea ia /a-
eiaaea iiieiaeinue eae eioi?iaoeeiiiia aicaeaenoaea ia aai aeooo,
aiaae?aiea a iaa e aeaaea caiaia eee iieiia aa iioeuaiea. N/eoa-
einue, /oi i?e?iaeie oi?aaeyao Caeii . Ii
yoie oai?ee aeaa /aeiaaea (eee ethauo iaeii?iaeiuo e noiaeeo iauae-
oa), ieeae iaaeaeo niaie aiaoia ia naycaiiua e iaoiaeyueany ia
ethaii ?annoiyiee, oai ia iaiaa iiaoo i?iecaiaeeoue aicaeaenoaea
ae?oa ia ae?oaa /a?ac ne?uooth aioo?aiithth naycue aeaaiaea?y naiaio
noiaenoao (iniaaiii o aeeciaoeia e ?iaenoaaiieeia) e oneiaeth ni/oa-
noaey () ae?oa ae?oao. Ec yoie oai?ee enoiaeeo iiae?aaea-
oaeueiay, aiiaiiaoe/aneay e ieiee?e/aneay iaaee. Iai?eia?, a?a-
/othuee ae?aoe iia i?einoaiiaeoue oa/aiea aieacie e aeiaeoueny auc-
aei?iaeaiey iaoeeaioa, iaoiaeyuaainy io iaai ia ethaii ?annoiyiee,
n iiiiuueth neaaeothuae ineoioaoieee – ae?aoe
i?eoai?yeny oaeei aea aieueiui, eae e iaoeeaio, iieiinoueth, aei aea-
oaeae, eiie?oy aai ninoiyiea, a caoai ia/eiae iuouaoue a naaa e
aiaoia any/anee ecia?aaeaoue auno?ia e /oaeaniia enoeaeaiea, /oi e
ia?aaeaaaeinue iaoeeaioo aaoiiaoe/anee a neeo
iaaee e caeiia Anaie?iiai Aiooaiey, ii eioi?iio neaaeoao, /oi
ana ethaee e ana iauaeou Anaeaiiie eioi?iaoeeiiii acaeiinayca-
iu, acaeiicaaeneiu e acaeiiiaoneiaeaiu. E iniaaiii yooaeoea-
ii e caiaoii yoa eioi?iaoeeiiiay caaeneiinoue n?aaaouaaao a oao
neo/ayo, eiaaea oi?ia iauaeoia niaiaaeaao aiaoia e ii (ei-
oi?iaoeeiiiiio niaea?aeaieth, a aeey /aeiaaea – yoi iaeeiaeiaue
iano?ie yiioeee e i?aaiia /oanoa). Oi?ia oi?ie?oao eioi?iaoee-
iiiue eaiae, a yiioeee iaiieiytho iuneaoi?io aia?aeae, iiyoiio
neeueiua yiioeeiiaeueii ie?aoaiiua niauoey, aea aua e iaaeaeo cia-
eiiuie eee ?iaenoaaiieeaie (iai?eia?, nia?oue, iiaea? e o. ae.), ia-
?aaeathony iniaaiii iaaeaaeii e iaioa?aoeii.

Ae?oaie i?eia? iaaee – yoi iiin?aaeiaaiiia
aeaenoaea ia ae?oaiai /aeiaaea iaoiaeii aicaeaenoaey ia ethaie iauaeo,
n eioi?ui yoio /aeiaae eiioaeoe?iaae, ii iniaaiii yooaeoeaiinoue
aaeeea, anee aicaeaenoaea inouanoaeyaony ia i?aaeiao, aeeeoaeueii
eiioaeoe?iaaaoee n caaeaiiui /aeiaaeii, iai?eia? oaeeie i?aae-
iaoaie iiaoo auoue aai aaeuea, /anu, oeaii/ea, aieinu, iiaoe e o. ae.

O?aoee i?eia? iaaee – yoi aicaeaenoaea ia
/aeiaaea iaoiaeii aicaeaenoaey ia aai ecia?aaeaiea – oioi, neoeue-
ioo?o e o. ae. Iai?eia?, /oiau ineaieoue naith aea?oao, iaa i?iicae
eaeie aeac a ecia?aaeaiee naiae aea?oau, a anee oioae aea?oao oaeoue,
iinooiae niioaaonoaaiii n aai ecia?aaeaieai (/aua – n aineiaie
oeao?ie). Anee ae?aoe eee iaa oioae nae?oaeeoue aeaoo ethaeae eee ?ac-
ae?oaeeoue, oi niioaaonoaaiii iinooiae n aeaoiy oeao?aie yoeo eth-

aeae ii caaeoiaiiiio noeaia?eth.

Yooaeo iaae/aneiai aicaeaenoaey caaenae io eioi?iaoeeiiiie
aini?eei/eainoe iauaeoa, iai?eia? cieioi e aiaea n/eoaeenue na-
iuie aini?eei/eauie ec iaaeeauo iauaeoia, a ethaee, e?iia ei-
oi?iaoeeiiiie aini?eei/eainoe, aua ?acee/aeenue ii yooaeoo ?a-
aeoeee ia oaea aini?eiyooth eioi?iaoeeth (ii aiooaaiinoe). Ii
aeaaiuie oaeoi?aie ana aea n/eoaeenue eioi?iaoeeiiiia ?iaenoai
iauaeoia eee ethaeae e neea yiioeeiiaeueiiai iuneaia?aca /.–;

ae?aoea eee iaaa (neea eiaeoeoi?a). |[135]

AE?aoeu e iaae n/eoaee ie? aie?oa naay aeeaui, iiyoiio iie
i?eienuaaee anai i?e?iaeiui yaeaieyi /aeiaa/aneoth iioeaaoeeth,
eioi?oth iie oi?ioi ciaee ec naiaai aeeciaiiiai iiuoa. Iiyoiio
ae?aoeu aeaenoaiaaee oaie aea eioi?iaoeeiiii-ineoieiae/aneeie
iaoiaeaie: caeeeiaieyie, iieeoaaie, iiaeiioaieyie, aea?oaaie,
oa?icaie, i?inueaaie, io?aaeenne?iaaiiuie iaieioeyoeeyie, oea-
?aiiieyie, ia?yaeaie e o. ae.

Ni a?aiaiai, a ?acoeueoaoa aeaeueiaeoaai ?acaeoey oeeaeeeca-
oeee, ae?aoeu onoaiiaeee, /oi oaei /aeiaaea – yoi neiaeiue oece-
ei-oeie/aneee aiia?ao, eioi?ue i?aia?aciauaaao oeie/aneoth
yia?aeth a iaoaie/aneoth. Ioe?uaaaiua oece/aneea caeiiu i?e-
?iaeu iieacuaaee, /oi ana i?ienoiaeyuaa a i?e?iaea eiaao i?e/e-
io, ii ia eiaao oeaee, e?iia naiinio?aiaiey eee auaeeaaiey. Ii
naiua ioae?ua ae?aoeu ooaa?aeaeaee, /oi aeeaie i?aaieci /aeiaaea
ia iiaeao auoue iieiinoueth iiiyo oieueei n oi/ee c?aiey iaoaie-
/aneie oai?ee, e ooaa?aeaeaee iaee/ea a /aeiaaea e i?e?iaea aaee-
iie oi?iiia?acothuae e iai?aaeythuae eioi?iaoeee eae ia?ai-
ia/aeueiiai e iacaaeneiiai enoi/ieea ?acaeoey Anaeaiiie, oeaeueth
eioi?iai yaeyaony oeaeaiai?aaeaiiia ?acaeoea oaiiiaia aeecie.
AEeciue anaai aeeaiai, aeeth/ay /aeiaaea, i?aaenoaaeyao ii yoie oa-
i?ee einoeieo naiinio?aiaiey, a eioi?ii ai?ueaa ca nouanoaiaa-
iea yaeyaony iainiciaiiie. Nouiinoue ineoeee /aeiaaea iaoiaeeo-
ny a aai iiaeniciaiee, eioi?ia /a?ac iiaeniciaoaeueiua aea/aiey,
aeaeaiey, iiaoaeaeaiey, no?aoe e o. ae. naay e i?iyaeyao. Neeueiua
yiioeee e iiaoaeaeaiey ieeiaaea ia i?ioiaeyo aanneaaeii e aeaaea i?e
eo iainouanoaeaiee iie ia en/acatho, a auoaniythony a iiaenicia-
iea, aaea i?iaeieaeatho e aeeyoue ia iiaaaeaiea /aeiaaea.
I?e ineoe/aneii aicaeaenoaee eiaiii iie yaeythony i?e/eiie
?aaeueiuo, aiaoia eae au e??aoeeiiaeueiuo, iinooieia, iaa?ioe-
/aneeo e ineoe/aneeo neiioiiia; iie aea oi?ie?otho ?acee/iua
Ia?acu e aeaenoaey a niiaeaeaieyo.

Ii iniaaiii ?anno?ieei ae?aoeia ioe?uoea e onoaiiaeaiea oiai
oaeoa, /oi a aeoaeiiie iiaeniciaoaeueiie ineoe/aneie nouiinoe
/aeiaaea eaaeao aeeaioiua naenoaeueiua e aa?anneaiua eiioeue-
nu, aeaeathuea oece/aneoth i?e?iaeo /aeiaaea ia niioaaonoaothuae
aai no?aieaieth e ciaieyi, ii?aee e aunoei aeooiaiui eaeaaeai,
eioi?ua aieueoeinoai ethaeae eniuouaaao, iaoiaeynue a iieiii ni-
ciaiee e aeaenoaoy a ii?aaeaeaiiii nioeeoia, /anoi auioaeaeaiii
niaethaeay aai caeiiu, oaao e onoaiiaee. Iiyoiio aeey noaiiaea-
iey ee/iinoe oaiaia, ae?aoea eee iaaa auea nicaeaia oaoieea en-
eonnoaaiiiai ?acaeoey , ia?aaieaa eioi-
?uie, oaiai eee ae?aoe i?eia?aoae iniaoth neeo ineoe/aneiai
aicaeaenoaey ia ethaeae e i?e?iaeo. A ea/anoaa i?eiaiyee oaoieeo eneonnoaaiiiai aucuaaiey yieeainee,
enoa?ee, ineoica, oi?aaeyaiie oecio?aiee e ae?. Oeaeueth yoie

aieacie> auei niaeaniaaoue ?aaioo aeaoo – iiaeniciaiey e
niciaiey, aeey /aai eciaieoue e ieoeueoo?eoue aeeaioiia niaea?aea-
iea naiaai iiaeniciaiey e aeeth/eoue aai a iniciaaaaiua i?ioeannu
aini?eyoey e iuoeaiey. Iineieueeo n/eoaeinue, /oi aianoeeeuai
aaciauo einoeieoia yaeyeinue i?aaia iieooa?ea, oi aeey neio?i-
.–,<. iecaoeee aai n eaaui neaaeiaaei aaeaioo cimjj aeouaio ae eaiiiece aiia eiooeoeeth e niiniaiinoue aini iiaeniciaiey iieooa aeieieaoeeiiiua aanniciaoaeueiua ineoioaoieee iaoe>, , , , e o. ae.

?onneee ae?aoe /aua anaai ianeaaeiaae naith i?ioanneth, ii eiia-
aea e ecae?aeny ia yoo aeieaeiinoue aeaaiaea?y eaeiio-ieaoaeue iai-
au/iiio i?ienoanoaeth, eioi?ia eae au oeacuaaei aieueoeinoao,
/oi eiaiii ii yaeyaony eca?aiieeii aiaia, a cia/eo, eiaiii aio
oaia?ue e neaaeoao aunooiaoue io eo eiaie. Eiiaaea /aeiaae noaii-
aeeny ae?aoeii iinea oiai, eae n iei neo/aeny i?eiaaeie n eiiaoeue-
neyie eee iioa?ae niciaiey, nii?iaiaeaeaaiue /oaeaniuie aaeeth-
oeeiaoeeyie, a eioi?uo aio ioe?uaaeinue oi, eai ii ioiuia i?e-
caai auoue.

Aoaeouee ae?aoe iaycaoaeueii iiaeaa?aaeny no?iaui eniuoaie-
yi e o?aie?iaeai, iiea ia iiyaeyeny eneonnoaaiii aucuaaaiue
ineoic, i?e yoii no?iai niaethaeaeanue ouaoaeueii ?ac?aaioaiiay oea-
?aiiiey iiyoaiiiai ?acaeaathuaai iinayuaiey, caeai/eaathua-
yny ecea/aieai aoaeouaai ae?aoea e ?ac?aoaieai aio O/eoaeai na-
iinoiyoaeueiie i?aeoeee. Ioai? eaiaeeaeaoia a ?onneea ae?aoeu au-
iieiyeny ae?aoeii-o/eoaeai ii ea/anoao o?ainiaiai a?aaea e
aaeethoeeiaoeee o/aieea, a oaeaea ii aai niiniaiinoe oi?ioi caiii-
ieoue ana, /oi ii a o?aina. Aeaeaa ae?aoe”
o/eoaeue iao/ae aiiaue iinayuaaiiai eneonnoao ?anoeo?iauaaoue oa
neiaiee/aneea aeaeaiey, eioi?ua ii iaaethaeae. Iaeaaeaea ?onneiai
ae?aoea ninoiyea ec aeeeiiie aaeie ?oaaoe, iiaeiiynaiiie nayuai-
iui oio?ii a o?e e?oaa. AE?aoeu aa?eee, /oi caacaeu aiaeanoaai-
iu e iaeaaeatho aunoei ?acoiii e aiiaua ana a i?e?iaea iaeaaeaao
ieaiii e ?acoiii. E?iia iaueo aiaia, eaaeaeue ae?aoe eiae ee/-
iiai aiaa-iiiiuieea, eiiaaea oaeei aeooii-iiiiuieeii noaii-
aeeny ae?aoea-o/eoaey. Aeaaiui oneiaeai oi?ioaai caei?i-
auey ae?aoea n/eoaeanue i?ioeeaeoeea, aeaeaia, caei?iaue ?acoi, oe-
ce/aneea oi?aaeiaiey, aeia?ua aeaea e (i?aanoaaiii’
ie?aoaiiua) iunee.

?onneea ae?aoeu aa?eee, /oi eiiaaea aiciiaeiu neo/ae o?ain-
iea?aoeee (ia?anaeaiey) aeooe io O/eoaey e o/aieeo. A oaia?ue ia-
?aeaeai e aeaoaeueiiio e iiae?iaiiio iienaieth ineoioaoieee ine-
oe/aneiai aicaeaenoaey iayao – oae iacuaaaiiio ,
eee .

Oaoieea oeuaaineiai aeiiica ninoieo ec oanoe yeaiaioia:

1. I?eaea/aiea aieiaiey.

2. Onoaiiaeaiea eiioaeoa e caione io?aaioaiiiai noeaia?ey.

3. Oeenaoeey e onoie/eaia oaea?aeaiea aieiaiey.

4. Noaeaiea ineoieiae/aneiai iiey aieiaiey e ia?aaiaea ai
aioo?aiiaa iaaeeoaoeaiia ninoiyiea. Onoaiiaeaiea ?aeii?oa.

5. Eiaeoeoeey o?aina.

6. Aeinoeaeaiea oeaee. Caaa?oaiea eiaee?iaaieai.
Naie aeaeueiaeoee ?anneac i oeuaaineii (oee/iii) aeiiica y
iino?ith neaaeothuei ia?acii. Aia/aea y ?anneaaeo nae?aoioth oai-
?eth, a caoai i?eaaaeo eiie?aoiua i?eia?u n iiae?iaiui iienaie-
ai ?acee/iuo , ?ac?aaioaiiuo a ianoiyuaa ^–
a?aiy eo/oeie iioaiieeaie ie?a. 1oe37

1. Oaoieea i?eaea/aiey aieiaiey

Aeey oeuaaia auae?atho iaeaieaa ethaeiua ianoa-aie-
caeu, ia?ee, oeaio?aeueiua oeeoeu, aoiae a o/aaiia caaaaeaiea, iey-
aee, aaaiiu iiacaeia eee yeaeo?e/ae e o. ae. A yoeo ianoao oeuaaia
aeoeaii e ianoie/eai i?aaeeaaatho iiaaaeaoue eee i?aaeeaaatho iaio?a-
ceii aeaoaai i?iaeaoue eaeoth-ieaoaeue ioee/ioth eee ino?iaeaoeoeeo-
ioth aauue; eee, ia?ae?aneaoenue iiae ?onneeo aeaiuei ni naaoeuie
aieinaie, ?aneeaaeuaatho noieee n aeeaoaie-iiia?aie e i?aaeeaaa-
tho anai i?ioiaeei nua?aoue a niaa?oaiii aani?iea?uoioth ea?o,
caoi n aa?iyoiinoueth i/aiue aieueoiai auea?uoa (i?e/ai oanoa?i
oaea aeaiueae iinoaaeee, e eae ?ac ia oaaoaao aan); eee i?aaeeaaatho a
aieueoie i/a?aaee ca aeaoeoeeoii iiii/ue aai aeinoaoue aac i/a-
?aaee; eee i?aaeeaaatho aai iiii/ue eae ?ac a oii, a /ai au nae/an
i/aiue ioaeaeaaoanue; eee i?aaeeaaatho aai i/aiue aeaoeoeeoioth e oaee-
aeoaeueii aeaoaaoth oneoao e o. ae. e o. i. Aeaaiia ai anao yoeo noa?a-
ieyo i?eaea/ue aaoa aieiaiea, ia naeoiaeo aan caaea?aeaoue eee inoa-
iiaeoue, anee au a aeaeaeaiee. *anoi yoi iiaeao auoue i?inoie aii?in
aeeo?aoiiai, aiaoia neiiaoe/iiai /aeiaaea: , eee , eee e o. ae. Eae i?aaeei, ie/aai ia ii-
aeic?aaathuee /aeiaae ia naeoiaeo caaea?aeeaaao naia aieiaiea ia oeu-
aaiea, e yoiai aeinoaoi/ii, /oiau , oae eae ooo aea neaaeoao
aoi?ie yeaiaio oi?ioi iiaeaioiaeaiiiai e io?aaioaiiiai noeaia-
?ey – onoaiiaea eiioaeoa.

2. Oaoieea onoaiiaeaiey eiioaeoa

A NE-iaoea onoaiiaeaiea aanniciaoaeueiiai aeiaa?eoaeueiiai eii-
oaeoa iacuaaaony (a ioee/ea io * aei-
iioe/aneiai ?aiii?oa>, eiaaea aicieeatho iiae/eiaiea e oi?aaeaiea
io aeiiioeca?a e aeiiioeeo). Aeey oiai /oiau iau/iue oee/iue eii-
oaeo i?aa?aoeeny a ineoieiae/aneee ?aiii?o e ia/ae ?aaioaoue oe-
ceieiae/aneee iaoaieci noaaanoee, iaiaoiaeeii a iicao
noi?ie?iaaoue onoie/eaue i/aa iiauoaiiiai aicaoaeaeaiey ii iae-
iiio eee ianeieueeei i?aaiai /oanoa. Oaeie o/anoie iiauoaiiiai
.aicaoaeaeaiey, aicieeathuee a ei?a aieiaiiai iicaa , a NE-
iaoea iacuaaaony , eee . Enneaaeiaa-
iey ?onneie oeceieiae/aneie oeieu (Oooiineee, Aa?ooaei, Iaa-
eia e ae?.) iieacaee, /oi aicieeathuay aeiieiaioa iaeaaeaao aaaeiui
aeey ian naienoaii – aaoiiaoe/anee iiaeaaeyoue, oi?iiceoue e iiae-
/eiyoue ana ninaaeiea o/anoee iicaa; caoai iiae/eiyoue naaa aanue iica,
anth ineoeeo, oeceieiaeth e iiaaaeaiea /aeiaaea a no?iaii niioaao-
noaee n niaea?aeaieai aeiieiaiou, oi anoue a niioaaonoaee n niaea?aea-
ieai e oa?aeoa?ii ineoieiae/aneiai eiioaeoa, eioi?ue e niinia-
noaiaae aicieeiiaaieth aeiieiaiou e ciiu ?aiii?oa.

Oeuaaia e i?inoi oee/iua iioaiieee ?aaiou Oooiineiai,
Iaaeiaa e Eaiaeuau ia /eoaee, ii caoi iie oi?ioi ciatho, eo/oa
anyeiai o/aiiai, /oi ethaie /aeiaae caie?aao, neiauaaaony, oe-
?iei ?ane?uaaao inoaeeaiaaoea aeaca e ia?anoaao /anoe/ii eee
‘ iieiinoueth niia?aaeaoue e o?acai eiio?iee?iaaoue naia iiaaaeaiea,
anee eiioaeo n iei ianao a naaa neaaeothuea aeaeu ?aaeoeee: iaiaee-
aeaiiinoe, aiacaiiinoe, enioaa, iai?aiaeieeiie (aanniciaoaeueiie)
_ ^ neiiaoee, aanniciaoaeueiiai iieiaiai aea/aiey, ?aceiai ec-
[138]] iaiaiey iieiaeaiey oaea a i?ino?ainoaa^ ?aceiai caoea,

oeaaoa, caiaoa; ineoieiae/aneiai ni/oanoaey, niia?aaeeaaiey, iiae-
no?ieee e i?eniaaeeiaiey e iano?iaieth, caaioai e iuneyi >
eaaeiai aeiaa?eoaeueiiai e iaycaoaeueii iacaiaoiiai eiie?iaaiea
aeuoaiey, iicu, aeaeaeaiee, a?oeeoeyoeee, ieieee, nei?inoe ?a/e,
neeu yiioeeiiaeueiiai aicaoaeaeaiey e o. ae.

Oeuaaia ciatho, /oi ii iaae/aneiio caeiio neiiaoee e iiaei-
aey ou aeieaeai auoue ai anai iioiae ia /aeiaaea, anooieaoaai n
oiaie a eiioaeo, aea e aiiaua /enoi ineoieiae/anee i?a-
aeony ano?aoeoue , oae eae iauaecaanoii, /oi ethaeyi i?aaeo- _^^
ny aeaeaoue a ae?oaeo /oi-oi ciaeiiia e iioiaeaa ia naay, oiaaea n oa-
eei /aeiaaeii iie eaa/a e ioioiaa anooiatho a eiioaeo e, eae i?a-
aeei, eaa/a e auno?aa ni iiiaei niaeaoathony, aaaeoo naay eiii?i-
iennii e ?aneiaaiii. Iiyoiio iiuoiue iioaiiee onoaiiaeo
eiioaeo ia ia oeeoea, a, iai?eia?, ia oeeaoaeenoe/aneie aunoaa-
ea, ecia?acea ec naay oaeiai aea no?anoiiai ethaeoaey ia?ie, eee
ia oaiieniii ei?oa, i?eoai?eaoenue oaiaoii e iieeiiieeii yoi-
ai aeaea nii?oa e oaaey aan ca /oi-ieaoaeue, eeoue au aai auei i?e-
yoii iaoiaeeoueny n iei a eiioaeoa. ;

Oee/iua aeiiioeca?u ciatho, /oi aaaeiua aiooathuea o?acu n o/aoii aai aeuoaiey ia auaeioa eee ai a?a- ~”
iy caaea, /eoaiey eee eaoey, ai a?aiy niaoa, iea/a eee eaeie- – /
eeai y?ei i?iyaeythuaeny yiioeee. N/eoaaony, /oi a yoio iiiaio
niciaiea noaeaaony e ii aac aiaeeca eioi?-
iaoeeth i?yii a iiaeniciaiea, nai oiai ia caia/ay. Oaeei ia?acii,.
caaea/a onoaiaaeeaaaiiai eiioaeoa – yoi ia?aaiae aeiaa?eoaeueiiai
iauaiey n ia o?iaaiue aai iiaeniciaiey, iiyoiio ia/aaoa-
any a ia/aea eiioaeoa iauaiea n niciaieai ia?aaiaeeony a
?onei iauaiey n aai iiaeniciaieai.

Oanoaie ia i?iaa?eo ia?a?anoaiey ia/aeueiiai eiioaeoa a ine-
oieiae/aneee ?aiii?o yaeythony caaie aeiiioeca?a, caiaaeeaiea
eee o/auaiea aeuoaiey, ieaaiea eee cae?uoea aeac, iiaeuai ?oee
e naiaio eeoeo e ?anoe?aiea ii/ee ooa eee iina; neio?iiecaoeey, -^
a caoai eciaiaiea eioiiaoeee, iiaeaaeeaaiea iiaeai?iaeea e o. ae.;

anee ?aaae?oao, oi yoi i?iyaeyaony a aai aaoiiaoe/aneii
noiaeiii aeaeaeaiee eee noiaeiie ?aaeoeee – iai?eia?, o iaai oiaea
caiaaeeyaony aeuoaiea eee ii ?oeie oiaea /oi-oi o naay uoiaao.

I?e onoaiiaeaiee e ?acaeoee eiioaeoa ia aeieaeai iuo-
uaoue io aeiiioeca?a eaeiai-eeai iaaeeia eee iaaycuaaiey /aai-
oi, a eaeaaea aeieaeii eacaoueny, e ii a yoii aeaaea oaa?ai, /oi
yoi ii nai caoioae e iii?inee i oii, /oi aeiiioeca?o ii noeaia?eth
ioaeii. Iiyoiio iiuoiua iioaiieee oae no?iyo eiioaeoiue ?ac-
aiai?, /oi au naie ia?aoeoanue e iei n oie naiie i?inueaie, i eioi-
?ie aoaeaoa iioii neeueii aeaeaoue, oae eae yoa aaoa i?inueaa eee eiay
ioaeiay ?aaeoeey e anoue iniiaa ia?aie /anoe iioaiie/aneiai noea-
ia?ey, a eioi?ii eiaiii yoa aaoa ?aaeoeey e i?aaeoniio?aia.

E?iia ia?a/eneaiiuo i?aaee onoaiiaee eiioaeoa o aaeeeeo
iioaiieeia anoue aua o?e neeueiaeoeo iaoiaee/aneeo i?eaia:

1) neeueiia iuneaiiia aeaeaiea, nii?iaiaeaeathuaany aaeethoeeie-
?iaaieai ioaeiuo neia e ioaeiiai iiaaaeaiey , e oiaaea /an-
oi neo/aaony /oaei – aeaenoaeoaeueii aiai?eo yoe aei- r^–?i
aa, o iaai aeaenoaeoaeueii aicieeaao ioaeiia aeaeaiea, ii [u^-‘JJ

aeaenoaeoaeueii ia/eiaao aeaeaoue ioaeiua aeaeaeaiey e aanoe naay a
eiia/iii n/aoa oae, eae aeiiioeca? iuneaia?acii aaeethoeeie?o-
ao; 2) aaeeeee iioaiiee anaaaea ana ino?i /oanoaoao, ii i?inoi /oa-
noaoao iano?iaiea e iunee eaaeaeie eeaoi/eie naiaai i?aa-
iecia, iiyoiio eaaei i?iaiice?oao ethaoth aai ?aaeoeeth; a yoio ii-
iaio ii i?inoi aethaeai a naiaai e ioiaeaeanoaeyaony n iei a
iaeii oeaeia, ia/eiay iuouaoue i?ienoiaeyuaa, eae aoaeoi aeaenoae-
oaeueii iaoiaeeony a oeo?a (eioa?anii – anee a yoio iiiaio
oeieioue iaeiiai ec yoie , oi ae?oaie iaeiia?aiaiii cae?e-
/eo io ianoiyuae aiee, oioy aai ieeoi ia oeaeuaae; iieo/aaony,
/oi iu eiaai a yoii neo/aa aeaei n aaeeiui ?acoiiui aeii?aaiec-
iii e aaeeiui eioi?iaoeeiiiui eiiieaenii, a ia n aeaoiy); 3) oa-
eaioeeaua iioaiieee i/aiue iaaethaeaoaeueiu, yaeythony ioee/iu-
ie aeoa?aie e niiniaiu nuii?iaece?iaaoue a ethaie iai?aaeaeaeai-
iie noeaia?eai neooaoeee (eiiaaea aeaaea aeaeei, /oi oaeea aaeeeea
ethaee oae iai?inoeoaeueii aoayo naie oi e aaeeeee oaeaio).

Anoue aua iaeei i/aiue aaaeiue iiiaio a eneonnoaa oeuaaineiai
(oee/iiai) aeiiica. Ia iie acaeyae, yoi aeaaiue nae?ao, eioi?ue
caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi caoaaaoue iaaei eeoue n oai , eioi?ue ?aaae?oao. Yoi cia/eo, /oi oeuaaia ia n eaaeaeui /a-
eiaaeii ia/eiatho naith ea?o, a oieueei n oaie, eoi ,
aio a yoii-oi e aanue aeaaiue nae?ao. Aiai?y iao/iui ycueii, oeu-
aaia o/eouaatho noaiaiue noaaanoeaiie aini?eei/eainoe (NE-ain-
i?eei/eainoe) iioaioeeaeueiiai .

*oi eanaaony niiniaiinoe auoue eiiioieeaaaeueiui e niinia-
iinoe eeeaioa eee niiniaiinoe aoiaeeoue e ethaeyi
a aeiaa?ea, oi oaeea niiniaiinoe iiaoo auoue eae a?iaeaeaiiuie, oae
e i?eia?aoaiiuie niaoeeaeueiui iao/aieai eee aeeeoaeueiie i?ae-
oeeie e iiuoii.

Ec nia?aiaiiuo niaoeeaeenoia iia aieueoa anaai i?aayony au-
nieii?ioanneiiaeueiua ?aeiiaiaeaoeee aeey oniaoiiai onoaiiaeaiey
eiioaeoa, eioi?ua auneacae a eieaa ?. ?iiei
(1998). Yoe ?aeiiaiaeaoeee i?aaeiacia/aiu niaoeeaeenoai niaoeneoaea
e ?acaaae/eeai, ii iie oniaoii i?eiaiythony eae e?eieiaeueiuie
aeiiioeca?aie, oae e iiiaeie oee/iuie iioaiieeaie e i?anooi-
ieeaie. ?. ?iiei (1998) niaaooao, /oi aeey onoaiiaeaiey ioaeiiai
eiioaeoa iaeuecy iieaaaoueny ia neo/ae, a iaiaoiaeeioth neooaoeeth
aeey ciaeiinoaa n ioaeiui /aeiaaeii neaaeoao nicaeaaaoue eneonnoaai-
ii, i?iaeoiaa ca?aiaa noeaia?ee, iiaeaioiaea iaiaoiaeeiua oneiaey
e ana, /oi ioaeii, e?iia oiai, i?aaeoniio?aa e iiaeaioiaea aua ia-
neieueei aiciiaeiuo eciaiaiee ii oiaeo noeaia?ey n ethaie aiciiae-
iie eii?iaecaoeeae.

Iioeiaeueiua aa?eaiou oaoieee onoaiiaeaiey ciaeiinoaa ca-
aenyo io iiaea, aic?anoa, i?ioannee, iaoeeiiaeueiinoe, nioeeaeueii-
ai iieiaeaiey, eoeueoo?iiai o?iaiy, oa?aeoa?a, i?eau/ae e anao
i?i/eo eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo iniaaiiinoae , a e?iia oiai, io aai
iano?iaiey, ianoa aeaenoaey, ie?oaeathuae ianoaiiaee, aiooaaii-
noe, aaaeouaai naini?iiai eaiaea aini?eyoey e aaaeouaai niiniaa
aioo?aiiae ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee, io eaaeinoe oi?iiaeaiey eee
aeoeaaoeee ineoeee, io niiniaiinoe eaaei ia?aeeth/aoueny n aiao-

_ s iaai aieiaiey ia aioo?aiiea i?ioeannu, io niiniaiinoe e
|[140]| aeene?aoiui annioeeaoeeyi e o?iaiy ?acaeoey aiia?aaeaiey

e iiiaeo ae?oaeo aiaoieo e aioo?aiieo aeeythueo oaeoi?ia e
oneiaee. I/aiue aaaeai yooaeo ia?aiai aia/aoeaiey, eioi?ue ia
55% caaeneo io aecoaeueiuo aia/aoeaiee e ia 38% io iaia?u ai-
ai?eoue. I?anooiieee ciatho, /oi yooaeo ia?aiai aia/aoeaiey ai
iiiaii i?aaeii?aaeaeai ineoioeceieiaeae aanniciaoaeueiiai caia-
/aoeaiey n iineaaeothuae oeenaoeeae a aeoaeiiie iaiyoe ia?aiai
caia/aoeaiiiai ia?aca. Ia i?aeoeea yoio ineoioeceieiae/aneee
caeii icia/aao, /oi yooaeo ia?aiai aia/aoeaiey i /aeiaaea ai iii-
aii aanniciaoaeai, i?i/ii cae?aieyaony a aeieaia?aiaiiie iaiy-
oe ia?oia?a ii eiioaeoo e caoai aeoeaii iiaeniciaoaeueii aeeyao
ia ana iineaaeothuea acaeiiioiioaiey anooieaoeo a eiioaeo eth-
aeae. Anee /aeiaae i?e ia?aii aia/aoeaiee iii?aaeeny, oi iioii
o?oaeii aai ?acoaaaeeoue, /oi iii?aaeaoeeny aio ia naiii aeaea iiuoiue i?anooiiee e iaaiaeye.

?. ?iiei (1998) oeacuaaao, /oi n?aaee ineoieiae/aneeo ithai-
nia, nouanoaaiii aeeythueo ia ia?aia aia/aoeaiea, neaaeoao o/e-
ouaaoue neaaeothuea:

– aeaaiaea?y (ie?aoeaaiey iaeiei ea/a-
noaii anao inoaeueiuo) iauaa aeaaii?eyoiia aia/aoeaiea i /aei-
aaea iaania/eaaao iiceoeaiua ioeaiee aai iiea aua iaecaanoiuo
(a /anoiinoe, ii?aeueiuo) ea/anoa; e – iaiai?io;

– yaiay oece/aneay i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoue oeo/oaao iieiaee-
oaeueioth ioeaieo eae /a?o ee/iinoe, oae e ioaeaeueiiai iinooiea
();

– anee ioae/eio nii?iaiaeaeaao oi?ioi iaeaoay aeaiueia n nei-
iaoe/iie aiaoiinoueth, ii ioeaieaaaony auoa, /ai a nii?iaiaeaea-
iee iae?aneaie e iaaeeo?aoii iaeaoie aeaiueiu;

– ioae/eiu ieaea, /ai iieaaatho aeaiueiu, ioeaieaatho eo aea-
eiaua e eioaeeaeooaeueiua ea/anoaa, a aeaiueiu ieaea, /ai ii-
eaaatho ioae/eiu, ioeaieaatho eo oece/aneoth i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoue;

– eiaaea ano?a/athony ioae/eia e aeaiueia, eo acaeiiioeaiee
i?ienoiaeyo a y?ioe/aneeo oa?ieiao, oioy oi?ioi ainieoaiiua
ethaee ia iaia?oaeeaatho naieo yiioeee;

– neaaea i?iaeyaeuaathuay canoai/eainoue ia?aaeei aini?eie-
iaaony eae i?eaeaeaoaeueiay e aeaaea naenoaeueii aicaoaeaeathuay;

– i?eaaoeeaay aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiay oeuaea niinianoaoao aic-
ieeiiaaieth aeiaa?eoaeueiinoe, niaoay iaaeiaa?ea e iaaeiiiieiaiea;

– /anoiia, oaa?aeia, ioaeanoaaiiia ?oeiiiaeaoea a ni/aoaiee
n i?yiui acaeyaeii a aeaca i?aaeony ii/oe anai;

– yia?ae/iay au?aceoaeueiay aeanoeeoeyoeey io?aaeaao iiei-
aeeoaeueiua yiioeee e aini?eieiaaony iiyoiio eae i?eciae caei-
oa?aniaaiiinoe e ae?oaeaethaey;

– niaanaaeiee, eioi?ue niio?eo a aeaca, neiiaoe/ai, iaeiaei
i?enoaeueiue eee iaoianoiue acaeyae a aeaca nicaeaao iaaeaaii?e-
yoiia aia/aoeaiea, eai aini?eieiaaony eae i?eciae a?aaeaeaaii-
noe;

– ethaee, ioeeiiythuea i?e ?acaiai?a ei?ion iacaae eee ?ac-
aaeeaoeany a e?anea, i?aayony caiaoii iaiaa, /ai oa, eoi iaeei-
iyao ei?ion e niaanaaeieeo, eai iineaaeiaa aini?eieiaaony eae ca-
eioa?aniaaiiinoue;

– aeaiueia iau/ii i?aaeony neeueiaa, eiaaea iia neaeeo ^–^
a niieieiie iica n iaia?anaeathueieny ?oeaie e iiaaie; IjLlfUJ

– ne?aueaaiea ?oe ia a?oaee /anoi ?ac?ooaao oaea ia?aciaaa-
oeeny eiioaeo e iooaeeeaaao niaanaaeieea;

– au?aaeaiiua e?aeiinoe a iaeaaeaea (i/aiue iiaeiue eee neeo-
eii onoa?aeue einothi…) eae e /?acia?iay aacaeoneoea, ii?iae-
aeatho io?eoeaoaeueiia aia/aoeaiea; iniaaiii a?inathony a aeaca noi-
ioaiiay eee a?yciay iaoaue e iiiyoue aieiaiie oai?;

– aeaiueiu ioeaieaatho ioae/eio ca 45-60 naeoiae, ia?auay
i?e yoii iniaia aieiaiea ia aai ?a/ue, aeaca, i?e/aneo, ?oee,
iaoaue, iaeaaeaeo (eiaiii a oaeie iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe);

iau/ii ia oieueei ano?a/atho, ii e aeiaa?ytho;

– ae?oaeaneay ianoaiiaea, aeoniay ieua, i?eyoiay iocuea,
iaiaeeaeaiiia aacaiea e ana i?i/ea iiiaiou, i?eaiaeyuea noauae-
oa a aeaaiaeooiia iano?iaiea, anaaaea niinianoaotho aeaaii?eyoii-
io aini?eyoeth ei iiaiai ciaeiiiai ();

– eneeth/eoaeueioth neeo a nicaeaiee oi?ioaai iano?iaiey e,
niioaaonoaaiii, ?aniieiaeaiey niaanaaeieea e aai eiaao eiiiee-
iaio, aieaa yooaeoiue, enoaoe, ia ionaa/eaathuai oiia aioeeii-
ieeiaioa naaa.

Iniiaiiieaaathuaa aia/aoeaiea i aan neeaaeuaaaony o aeca-
ae e ii aaoei ia?aui o?acai; eiaiii ia/aeueiua i?aaeeiaeaiey
?iaeaeatho o iaai aeaeaiea eee iaaeaeaiea i?iaeieaeaoue enoiaeiue
?acaiai?. Iinoa?aeoanue ecaaaaoue:

– ecaeiaiee e aueacuaaiee i?eciaeia iaoaa?aiiinoe (e?i-
ia niaoeeaeueiuo i?eaiia);

– aeaaea iaeuo i?iyaeaiee iaoaaaeaiey e i?aiaa?aaeaiey e ni-
aanaaeieeo;

– anyeiai aeaaeaiey ia aecaae, auioaeaeathuaai aai caieiaoue
iai?iieoaeueioth iiceoeeth.

Iioeiaeueioth iaia?o iauaiey eo/oa auae?aoue, niia?acoynue
n oi?ioi ecaanoiuie (eee i?aaeiieaaaaiuie) eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuie
iniaaiiinoyie iauaeoa, i?e/ai iiaeii ?aeiiaiaeiaaoue:

– n iniai /oanoaeoaeueiuie e aieaciaiii ?aieiuie – ecaa-
aaoue anaai, /oi iai?eyoii ei, niaethaeay, ai?i/ai, ia?o, eia/a iie
noaioo oe?aiaie;

– n iaaeiaa?/eauie e iiaeic?eoaeueiuie – auoue i?aaeaeueii in-
oi?iaeiui e oa?iaeeaui;

– ni naa?eeauie – auoue oaa?aeui e ?aoeoaeueiui, a anee
ioaeii, oi aeaoue ioii?;

– n oaie, eoi eai?ecai, ?acaiaa?eaaoue niieieiui oiiii e ia
ia?auaoue aieiaiey ia eo eai?ecu;

– n aeiiaeuecy oaanoeeauie e naiioaa?aiiuie – i?eaaaaoue e
e?iiee;

– n eeoeaie canoai/eauie eee aac /oanoaa thii?a – ecaaaaoue
eaeie-eeai e?iiee.

Ia iaoaao iiiieoue, /oi ethaiio /aeiaaeo i?aaeony, anee oae-
oe/iue aecaae:

– niia?aaeeaathua auneooeaaao e aiiaeooaaeyao aai aanoe
?a/ue i naaa (ie/oi aieaa ia euenoeo ia?oia?o, eae aieiaiea);

– ia/eiaao ?acaiai? ia eioa?anothuoth niaanaaeieea oaio (eee
caaeaao aii?inu, ia eioi?ua i?eyoii ioaa/aoue);

, ., .s – yaii aeaao ii/oanoaiaaoue aai cia/eoaeueiinoue e i?aain-
IJ42JJ oiaenoai a iaeie iaeanoe, i?e/ai aeaeaao nea i?aaeaeueii en-

e?aiia (oaeueoue aeiaieueii ?aaeei oaeaaony ne?uoue, e iia aini?eie-
iaaony eae inei?aeaiea);

– i?iyaeyao e iaio iaiiaeaeaeueiue eioa?an (a ia noa?aaony ca-
eioa?aniaaoue niaie);

– anaaaea iiiieo aai eiy;

– ia ceioiio?aaeyao iaciaeiiuie neiaaie;

– eceaaaao iiaiea, iiaeiaiia aai nianoaaiiiio.

Ineoieiae/aneei i?eaiii, iaeaa/athuei ia/aeueiue eii-
oaeo, yaeyaony iauaiea n iauaeoii eae ni naiei noa?ui ciaei-
iui. Yoo oeiaeo, ai?i/ai, iiaeii eniieueciaaoue oieueei i?e niio-
aaonoaothuae ineoieiaee /aeiaaea e iiaeoiaeyuae neooaoeee.

A oao neo/ayo, eiaaea ia i?aaeaa?eoaeueioth (cai/ioth) ?ac?aaio-
eo /aeiaaea nianai iao a?aiaie, iaiaoiaeeii auno?i i?iaiaeece-
?iaaoue ana aai aiaoiea aeaiiua (eeoei, oeao?o, iaeaaeaeo) e yiioeei-
iaeueiua (iaia?o aiai?eoue, aeanoeeoeyoeeth) i?eciaee e aeaenoai-
aaoue, niia?acoynue ni naieie i?aaeiieiaeaieyie.

I?eaiu, ciaeiinoaa, iaania/eaathuea iioeiaeueiue iiaiae
aeey ia/aeueiiai iaiaia o?acaie, iiaoo auoue, neaaeai, oaeeie:

1. I?iaioee?iaaiea iauaeoa ia ieacaiea iiiiue aai:

– neioee?iaaiea iaaeaiey ia oeeoea, auaeoa iiae, aiacaiiie
neaainoe e eiuo neiioiiia, naycaiiuo ni caei?iaueai;

– eieoaoeey iaeiaeinoe, anee au?iieoue a oaeiaiue iiiaio
/oi-eeai ec ?oe;

naiae aaue ?yaeii n iauaeoii;

– ia?auaiea n i?inueaie aeaoue caeo?eoue eee iiaeneacaoue ianeiae-
ioth (oeeoeo, iaaacei, a?aiy) eioi?iaoeeth;

– aucia ni/oanoaey naiae aaniiiiuiinoueth (neiiaiiay iaoe-
ia, oyaeaeua aaue, ?anoa?yiiinoue ia oeeoea); yoi aeaineee aa?eaio.

2. I?eaaaaiea e iiiiue, eioi?oth ieacuaaaoa iauaeoo au:

– /aoeia eniieueciaaiea neo/aeiie (eee i?aaieciaaiiie) ia-
eiaeinoe iauaeoa a nayce n iaaeinoaoeii eioi?iaoeee i /ai-eeai
(iieacaoue ii?aaeaeaiiia ianoi, iauynieoue, eae /oi-oi naeaeaoue);

– eiaeia caaeaenoaiaaiea neo/aeiie (a oi e i?aaeoniio?aiiie eee
nicaeaiiie) iio?aaiinoe aeey iauaeoa a eaeie-eeai oneoaa (iiniaeoue a
iaeaaeea iaoeiu, i?aaeeiaeeoue eeoiee aeeaoee, iiaeaacoe eoaea-eeai);

– i?aaeeiaeaiea naay iauaeoo a ea/anoaa iaiaoiaeeiiai aio a
aeaiiue iiiaio eiiiaiueiia (aeey ?anieoey aeeiaieueiuo iaieoeia,
ea?u a ea?ou eee oaoiaou, );

– iiaeeeth/aiea e neooaoeeyi, iaoneiaeeaathuei ia?ooaiey
aei?iaeiiai aeaeaeaiey ( iauaeoa);

– eieoe?iaaiea iaiaaeaiey ia iauaeo e?eieiaeueiuo yeaiai-
oia e aai a yoie neooaoeee.

3. Ciaeiinoai /a?ac iaueo ciaeiiuo:

– auaa?aiiua ii a?aiaie aeceou e ii?aaeaeaiiui eeoeai, o
eioi?uo /anoi auaaao iauaeo;

– iaiin?aaenoaaiiay i?inueaa e iauaio ciaeiiiio iiciaei-
ieoue aan;

– iiaeaaaeaiea iauaai ciaeiiiai e iunee naanoe aan eae eth-
aeae n iauei oaea/aieai (oiaae) eee niiniaiuo auoue iieaciuie
ae?oa ae?oao (i?yiie i?inueau i?e yoii iao);

– caeioa?aniauaaiea iauaai ciaeiiiai aai ee/iie au- A,–>\
aiaeie a aaoai ciaeiinoaa n iauaeoii. |[143]|

4. Ciaeiinoai ia ?acee/iuo eoeueoo?iuo eee nii?oeaiuo ia-
?ii?eyoeyo (a eeii, oaao?a, ia eiioea?oa, eaeoeee, noaaeeiia) ia ii-
/aa ninaaenoaa n iauaeoii iin?aaenoaii aeeaoeea, aeea-
oaie io iauaai ciaeiiiai eee eaeei-eeai eiui o?theii:

– iiaeeeth/aiea e yiioeeiiaeueiiio ?aaae?iaaieth iauaeoa ia

c?aeeua;

– einoeaie?iaaiea ?iee * iiae/ea>, eioa?anothuaainy iiaie-
ai ;

– auaea/a aacaae?aniuo caia/aiee, iiaoueo caeioa?aniaaoue

iauaeo;

– e?aoeia?aiaiiia inoaaeaiea naiaai ianoa n i?inueaie i?e-
niio?aoue ca iei.

5. Ciaeiinoai a i/a?aaeyo (ca eiie?aoiui oiaa?ii, oaao?aeue-
iuie eee o?ainii?oiuie aeeaoaie, a IAE?, e a?a/o), o/eouaay,
/oi iauiinoue neooaoeee a eaeie-oi ia?a naeeaeaao ethaeae:

-i?aaiecaoeey iauaai ?acaiai?a ia eaeoth-eeai aeooaeueioth oaio
(iooai iiaea/e aacaae?aniuo ?aieee eee ?aaae?iaaiey ia oaeiaua);

– e?aoeia?aiaiiia iieeaeaiea i/a?aaee n i?inueaie i?eniio-
?aoue ca inoaaeyaiie aauueth e ianoii.

6. Ciaeiinoai ia iniiaa oiaae:

– iaeiia?aiaiiia ioe?iaaiiia caiyoea iaeiei aeaeii n iauae-
oii (aaa ii oo?ai, ea?a a oooaie eee aieaeaie, o?aieia a ooo);

– ia?eiaee/aneia iinauaiea iano nai?a oiaaenoia (niaoeeaee-
ce?iaaiiua aunoaaee, eieaeueiua eeoau, eiie?aoiua );

– oeaeaaia ia?auaiea e ioaeiiio /aeiaaeo ii /ueae-oi ?aei-
iaiaeaoeee (i?aaeeiaeaiea i iieoiea eee iaiaia, neo/ea niaae,
i?inueaa i eiinoeueoaoeee).

7. Ciaeiinoai /a?ac aeaoae (a iiacaeao, ia?eao, aeaoneeo naaeao>

eaoa):

– eiioaeo iaeieaoea n ?aaaieii iauaeoa (ea?a, oai-
uaiea, iiaea?ie), eioi?ue e n ?iaeeoaeyie;

– ieacaiea aio ia aeacao o ?iaeeoaey iaeeie iiiiue (iiaeiyoue
oiaaoaai, ioiaiaoue niaaeo);

– einoeaie?iaaiea i?iiaaee ?aaaiea e ?acua?uaaiea ?iee aai
nianeoaey.

8. Aucia eioa?ana e naaa (eieoeeaoeaa ciaeiinoaa caeanue aeieae-
ia enoiaeeoue io iauaeoa):

– ciay ioaeaeu e neaainoe aeaiiiai /aeiaaea, i?eaea/ue aai ae-
oeaiia aieiaiea n iiiiuueth iaeaaeaeu, oooie, aiaeaeioia, oieonia,
neooia e nieaoai, i?eaeiaeueiuo noaeaeaiee, eioa?aniie eioi?ia-
oeee, i?eoyaaoaeueiuo iaiaeia i naieo aiciiaeiinoyo /oi-oi aein-
oaoue, ia/oi ociaoue, eoaea-oi ono?ieoue;

– i?ioeaie?iaaoue ianeieueei ?ac iiae acaeyaeii iauaeoa, ia ao-
aeo/e, iaeiaei, iaayc/eaui, a eiaaea ii acaeyiao ia aan, niieieii
aeiniio?aoue aio a ia?aiineoeo e iuneaiii i?eeacaoue: .

9. Iaia?iaeiaaiea iaeiaai iauyaeaiey (a aacaoa, iiaeuacaea, ia
oeeoea, o. a. oai, aaea aai iaycaoaeueii oaeaeyo), iiaouaai caeioa?a-
niaaoue ioaeiiai aai /aeiaaea:

– i i?iaeaaea;

I.->\ – i iieoiea;

U44j| – i ?aaioa;

-i iaiaoiaeeiinoe a iiiiue;

– i i?aaeeiaeaiee oneoa.

10. Ionueea ienueia, eaeiaia, anee enoiaeeoue ec ee/iinoe .
iauaeoa, iaycaoaeueii caeioa?anoao aai e auciaao aeaeaiea ioaa-
oeoue eee anooieoue a i?yiie eiioaeo n aaie (eiie ?ac ia?niaeoea-
ii iinoaiaiiia iaaiaoaiea caeio?eaiaaiiinoe na?eae niaoeeaeue-
iuo iineaiee). Naie ia?aoiue aae?an (i?yiie eeai i?iiaaeooi/-
iue) iiaeii aeaaaoue n?aco eee aea iinea ianeieueeeo ienai. Aeaaiia
a yoii i?eaia – ia ia?aea?aoue.

Aeey aeia?ioiiai caaycuaaiey ciaeiinoaa ioae?atho ianeieueei
oaeiaiuo i?eaiia – iniiaiie e aeaa-o?e caianiuo.

ssaii au?aaeaiiay iai?eyciue /aeiaaea /anoi iauyniyaony oai,
/oi niaanaaeiee (eeai neooaoeey) iaiiieiaao aio eiai-oi (eeai /oi-
oi), n eai (eeai n /ai) o iaai naycaiu iaaaoeaiua yiioeee eee iaee-
aeaiey (iaoeeiiaeueiay iai?eyciue, ?aeeaeiciua i?aae?annoaeee, ee/-
iay a?aaeaea).

Ia?aue eiioaeo /aua anaai caeai/eaaaony aaaeeeaie, ii ia
iaycuaathuae aeiaiai?aiiinoueth . Neaaeo-
ao ia i?iyaeyoue eceeoiae caeioa?aniaaiiinoe a iiauo ano?a/ao

n iauaeoii.

Aeey oaeoaeaiey ciaeiinoaa o?aaoaony nicaeaaaoue iiaiaeu aeey
iiaoi?iuo ano?a/, eai /ai aieueoa naeaeaiee, oai neeueiaa aa?iyo-
iinoue, /oi iauathueany iii?aayony ae?oa ae?oao. Iaaeiaii, iaeiaei,
no?aieoueny e oiio, /oiau eieoeeaoeaa aeaeueiaeoeo ano?a/ enoi-
aeeea io iauaeoa.

Anee iauaeo ni/oao, /oi iiceoeey aecaae niioaaonoaoao iaeeaea-
aiie, ciaeiinoai oaeoaeyaony, iiyaeythony iauea oaiu aeey ?ac-
aiai?ia, aicieeaao iauiinoue ia iniiaa eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo i?aaeii/-
oaiee e yiioeeiiaeueiuo niia?aaeeaaiee; o iauaeoa iiyaeyaony ae-
oeaiay neiiaoey e ia?oia?o.

Iniiaiuie iiaoaeaeaieyie e aieaa /anoiio iauaieth caeanue ii-
aoo neoaeeoue:

– iio?aaiinoue a aeiieie?iaaiee;

– iio?aaiinoue ai aioo?aiiai eiioi?oa (aaciianiinoe);

– iio?aaiinoue a naiiooaa?aeaeaiee;

– iio?aaiinoue a ni/oanoaee e iiieiaiee;

– iio?aaiinoue a ;

– aeaaeaiea ni noi?iiu ae?oaeo;

– aeaeaiea eiiia?aoeee (aeaeiaiai nio?oaeie/anoaa).
Oi/iay eiie?aoeea iioeaaoeee yaii caaeneo io aeeciaiiuo ne-
ooaoeee /aeiaaea e ineoieiae/aneeo naienoa aai ee/iinoe.

Niiniau oaeoaeaiey ciaeiinoaa /aua anaai iniiaaiu, ia ii-
aeua?uaaiee aeaenoaothuei ia aeaiiue iiiaio iiaoaeaeaieyi e au-
aatho oaeeie:

1. I?aaiecaoeey ano?a/ a eeiioaao?a, oaao?a, ia
oeeoea, aa/a?eiea, a?eoeiaa e o. ae.

2. Ciay aeonu, ioaeaeu e iauaeoa, oaiaeaeaoue aio,
i?aaeeaaay: aeaiueae a aeiea, aeeaou a oaao?, ea?o?eaeaee, aeaeaicaie-
ne, iiaeiua eieae e niaoeaeo?iaeu, yaii i?anoeaeioth eioi?iaoeeth…

3. Iaania/aiea (eee eniieueciaaiea) iai?eyoiinoae e cao?oae-
iaiee a aeaeiaie eeai ee/iie aeecie iauaeoa n iaiaayc/e- a7-?
aui i?aaeeiaeaieai iiiiue a eo i?aiaeieaiee. (Neaaeoao IL’wJ

ciaoue, /oi aeoeaiua ethaee a neooaoeeyo iaoniaoa neeiiiu e ?an-
oe?aieth e?oaa iauaiey, a ianneaiua – e noaeaieth.)

4. ?acaeeaaiea a iauaeoa iinoiyiiiai eioa?ana e naaa e aeaea-
iey iauaoueny, n eniieueciaaieai aai iaiee (eieeaeoeeiiiie, ?u-
aieiaiie, eeiieiae/aneie, ea?oaaeiie, oaoiaoiie, eiiiuethoa?-
iie, nii?oeaiie, iocueaeueiie, y?ioe/aneie, eeoa?aoo?iie e o. i.).

Iaiee caaeaenoaotho:

– iieacuaay aeeaaeoee eioa?an e ianoaeaeaaiie oaia;

– i?aiiaeiiny iauaeoo iaeeea, ii ethaiiuoiua iiaea?ee eee
aeaaay aio iieacioth niaoeeioi?iaoeeth;

– iiaeua?uaay aai naiiethaeth ooaa?aeaeaieai aai cia/eiinoe
e ia?aainoaa a aeaiiie iaeanoe (i?iea?uo oaiieniie ia?oee, en-
i?aoeaaiea oaiaoe/aneiai niaaoa).

5. Eniieueciaaiea eiai-eeai o?aoueaai (aeeceiai /aeiaaea, ?iae-
noaaiieea, eieeaae eee i?eyoaey iauaeoa), naeaeaa aai caeioa?a-
niaaiiui a aaoeo aeaeueiaeoeo ano?a/ao n ioaeiui eiaeeaeaeii.

Anee iaiaoiaeeii ?acei nie?aoeoue aeenoaioeeth iauaiey (a yoi
eiaao niune i?e onoaiiaea eiio?iey iaae aieae iauaeoa), /anoi
i?eaaaatho e oi?ne?iaaiiui o?theai, neaaeoy eioi?ui ioaeii:

1. ?ane?uaaoueny ia?aae iauaeoii ni noi?iiu, aucuaathuae o

iaai aeaaiaiaaeiia ainoeuaiea:

– aueacuaaieai iio?ynathuaai oiaiey e o?aa?inoe i?e ein-
oeaie?iaea e?eieiaeueiiai iaiaaeaiey;

– aeaiiino?aoeeae naieo iniauo e eioaeeaeoa ia
ethaeyo eee (a caaeneiinoe io ineoieiaee iauaeoa) iaaaeeia.

2. Aicaoaeaeaoue o eiio?iee?oaiiai /aeiaaea oaeoaeaiiia ni-
/oanoaea e niia?aaeeaaiea:

– iaiaiii aaoiaeia?aoe/aneeie eceeyieyie (aeiaa?ea ii-
?iaeaeaao ioaaoiia aeiaa?ea);

– einoeaie?iaaieai aieacie (aieue e aucaaiiua ath no?aaeaiey
/anoi niinianoaotho neiiaoee e no?aaeaeouei e /oanoao iauiinoe

n ieie);

– eieoe?iaaieai iai?eyoiinoae (iiieaeaoueny, ii ia ia?aai?-
ueoue).

3. Aucuaaoue o eiaeeaeaea ino?oth iaiaoiaeeiinoue a aaoae iiii-
ue:

– i?eaaaeaieai /aeiaaea a ?aciioeiiua e a?iaea aaciaaeaaeiua
iieiaeaiey n aiaae?aieai aio iunee, /oi oieueei au iiaeaoa aai
nianoe (e, eiia/ii, aeaeaaoa yoi…).

Auai? niioaaonoaothuae oeiaee iaoneiaeeaaaony oiieei ii-
ieiaieai ineoieiaee iauaeoa a ni/aoaiee n aaoeie aiciiaeiin-
oyie e aicieeoae neooaoeeae.

I?anooiieee i?e iaaethaeaiee ca naiae aoaeouae aea?oaie noa-
?athony ioneaaeeoue neaaeothuea iiiaiou:

– iaaa?aaeueiia iiaaaeaiea (ieieeo, iaiai acaeyaeaie, aeanou,
ana aeaeaeaiey oaea, iai?iecaieueiua aicaeanu e ?aaeoeee, iai?i-
ecaieueiua yiioeee, iie?aniaiea e iiaeaaeiaiea eiaee, iiaaaeaiea

aeac, aeuoaiea e ae?.);

– ia?aeeiaaenoe/aneia iiaaaeaiea (oii e oaia? aieina, iao-
cu ?a/e, eioiiaoeee e o. ae.);

/.–>s – eeiaaenoe/aneia iiaaaeaiea (neiaa, neioaenen);

[[146JJ – ia?aiauaiey a i?ino?ainoaa.

I?e iaaethaeaiee niaethaeaaony i?aaeei . ?. ?iiei (1998) niaaooao i?e ia-
?aaioea /aeiaaea a oaca ia/aeueiiai eiioaeoa, eiaaea iaecaanoiu aai
onoaiiaee e ?aaeoeee, iaeuecy neeoeii yiioeeiiaeueii aio iiaeaea-
eeaaoue, a eo/oa inoaaaoueny ia ia?auo ii?ao yiioeeiiaeueii e nei-
aanii iaeo?aeueiui, /oiau a neo/aa ?acei io?eoeaoaeueiie ?aaeoeee
iiaeii auei iiaeua?aoue iauaeoo eee aac oua?aa aeey neooaoeee ia-
?aeoe ia ae?oaoth oaio.

A iiaaaeaiee e ?aaeoeeyo ethaeae ?. ?iiei (1998) ioia/aao nea-
aeothuea caeiiiia?iinoe, eioi?ua o/eouaatho oa, eoi oi/ao eie
iaieioee?iaaoue:

– /aeiaae auno?ue, niaeue, oi?ioi ?aaae?othuee a aanaaea
iiaeao ieacaoueny niaa?oaiii eiui a e?eoe/aneie neooaoeee”

– yiioeee, aucaaiiua cai/iie ioeaieie neooaoeee ia?aaeei au-
aatho neeueiaa, /ai aicieeathuea i?e ?aaeueiii eiioaeoa n oaeie
neooaoeeae;

– /aeiaae aieueii eee iaaieueii iniaaiii ?ane?uaaaony eia-
aea aiai?eo i naaa;

– niaanaaeiee oi?ioi iiaeao auoue iiciai a nii?a’

;

;

– ?acaiai?u ia ioaea/aiioth oaio iicaieytho ii?aaeaeeoue ei-
oaeeaeo, niaoeeainoue, eiaeinoue, ?aaeoeeth niaanaaeieea-

– /oiau iiiyoue neiiaoee e aioeiaoee iauaeoa iaeanoe i?e-
aieaiiai aeey iaai e ii?aaeaeythuea iioeaaoeee, ia iaoaao i?iyn-
ieoue aai ioiioaiea e ?acee/iui enoi?e/aneei e eeoa?aoo?iui
ee/iinoyi;

– /ai aeano/a noa?aioei, oai aieueooth yiioeeth aucuaaao eth-
aay iiiuoea iiaeaa?aiooue aai niiiaieth;

– ioaaoiay ?aaeoeey ia ooaa?aeaeaiea anaaaea niaea?aeeo aieueoa
eioi?iaoeee, /ai ioaao ia oi/ii noi?ioee?iaaiiue aii?in;

– ia?aiaia (oooaeoaiea) iiaiaeu ca/anooth aucuaaao aiaoeth
e caiaaeeaiea ?aaeoeee;

– ia neaaeoao i?eieiaoue iie/aiea ca aieiaiea; yoi iiaeao
auoue iia?oaeaiiinoue a nianoaaiiua iunee;

– eiaaea i?ioeann iiieiaiey eaeao neeoeii oae aeaaeei, anoue ana
iniiaaiey ia aeiaa?youe oaeiio iiieiaieth;

– oa?aeoa?iie ioeaeie iaaethaeathueo yaeyaony iiaiea i
yeiau nouanoaothuae acaeiinayce iaeioi?uo (/?i auoa aa?an-
neaiinoue – oai aieaa yia?ae/iinoue) niaa?oaiii ?acee/iuo ea-
/anoa;

– /aeiaaeo naienoaaiii i?aoaaee/eaaoue eioi?iaoeeiiioth
oeaiiinoue niauoee, iiaeoaa?aeaeathueo aai aeiioaco, e iaaeiioeaie-
aaoue eioi?iaoeeth, caeeth/athuothny a i?ioeai?a/aueo ae oaeoao

– o?aaiaeiue /aeiaae ioioiaa ianoaeaeaao naie neaainoe e ia-
aeinoaoee, /ai iao?aaiaeiue; o?aaiaeiinoue aea iau/ii i?iyaeyao-
ny a oaeii iiaaaeaiee, eioi?ia iiaeii iacaaoue /?acia?iie /oanoae-
oaeueiinoueth e ?acae?aaeeoaeyi;

– ieioi noi?ioee?iaaiiue aii?in iianao ianoi?i- ‘ -s
aeeoue niaanaaeieea; ‘ [[147]|

– neaaeoao iiiieoue, /oi aecaae e iiieiaao iaiii-
ai iaiueoa, /ai oi/ao iieacaoue;

– noieo eiaeeaeaeo a /ai-oi i?iyaeoue naay eeaea?ii, eae ia iaai
e a ae?oaeo neooaoeeyo aoaeoo niio?aoue eae ia eeaea?a;

– ana iaueoaeueiua e aeeaua ethaee i?aaeii/eoatho onoioth ?a/ue,
a nin?aaeioi/aiiua a naaa, noanieoaeueiua e canoai/eaua – ienue-
iaiioth;

– anee iiaaaeaiea ia?oia?a no?iai oeene?iaaii i?aaeeaie,
aaoi?eoaoaie eee ae?oaeie enoi/ieeaie, oi noauaeo ia neeoeii
aini?eei/ea e aai iiceoeee e ia iuoaaony i?aaenoaaeoue naay a eo/-
oai naaoa; eiaaea iiaaaeaiea ia?oia?a eaaeaony naiaiaeiui, oi iau/-
ii iaaethaeaaony i?ioeaiiieiaeiue yooaeo;

– ethaee n neeueiui naiioaaaeaieai aaaeoo naay iacaaeneii ii
ioiioaieth e naiae , oioy ianeieueei i?eaioe?othony
ia iaa; ethaee n ieceei naiioaaaeaieai neaaeotho naiae ;

– eiaeeaeaeu iiaoo auoue naieie niaie eeoue a ninoaaa iaaieue-
oeo, iiaeaeathueony eo iiieiaieth a?oii;

– iiaaaeaiea /aeiaaea /aua anaai iaiyaony ia ioaeeea ii n?aa-
iaieth n iiaaaeaieai a iaeeii/anoaa; iii oaeaea eciaiyaony a caae-
neiinoe io aoaeeoi?ee. Yoi naycaii n oai, /oi ethaie /aeiaae caei-
oa?aniaai ai aia/aoeaiee, i?iecaiaeeiii ia ie?oaeathueo e ca-
aeaenoaoao i?e yoii iaeio ec aeaoo nouanoaothueo no?aoaaee:

1. (iiaeno?aeaaynue e aoaeeoi?ee);

2. (iiaee?aieyy naia e iuoaynue i?i-
ecaanoe oi?ioaa aia/aoeaiea ca n/ao ea/anoa, aoiaeyueo a eaeaaeue-
iia );

– aeaiueiu e iiiaea iaoeiaiu iau/ii aieaa eiioi?iiu.
Ia?yaeo n ioeaieie iiaaaeaiey iauaeoa i?e ia?niiaeueiii iaua-
iee, neaaeoao i?iaiaeece?iaaoue aai aeaenoaey a naiuo ?acee/iuo
nicaeaiiuo (o?thee) e naiii?iecaieueiuo (aeeciue) neooaoeeyo. Aea-
eay yoi, o/eouaatho, /oi:

– aieaa eaaei i?iyaeytho oa?aeoa? a i?eau/iuo neooaoeeyo;

– i eiie?aoiii naienoaa oaiia?aiaioa aeiaieueii oi/ii aiai-
?eo ioneaaeeaaiea aai a iaeaieaa o?oaeiuo aeey aueacuaaiey onei-
aeyo;

– noaeeeaaynue n o?oaeiinoyie, /aeiaae ioe?iaaiiaa au?aaea-
ao naie /oanoaa;

– ec oiai, a eaeeo eiie?aoiuo ianoiyoaeuenoaao eco/aaiia
eeoei oa?yao naiieiio?ieue e cae?aaue niune, iiaeii ociaoue cia/e-
iinoue aeey iaai yoeo ianoiyoaeuenoa, iiaeeeiiua eioa?anu, oaiia-
?aiaio, i?eau/ee;

– anee eiaeeaeae aeiaieueii /aoei auiieiyao o?aaiaaiey ?acua-
?uaaaiie ei ?iee, yoi ie/aai ia aiai?eoa aai ee/iinoiuo oa?ae-
oa?enoeeao; anee ii ioeeiiyaony io ?iee – yoi oa?aeoa?ecoao aai.

Caia/aoaeueioth eioi?iaoeeth iiaeao aeaoue aiaeec ienai iauae-
oa, oae eae iie ?enotho /aeiaaea a ioiioaiee e ae?oaiio /aeiaa-
eo, o. a. a iaeioi?ie eiie?aoiie neooaoeee. I?e yoii iaiaoiaeeii
ciaoue, eieie oneiaeyie aucaaia i?iniao?eaaaiay ia?aienea e
eaeiau ioiioaiey iaaeaeo aaoi?aie. Aanueia eioi?iaoeaiu ?ac-
ee/ey a ia?aienea iaeiiai e oiai aea eeoea n ?aciuie aae?anaoaie.
.–^ Aeiiieieoaeueiua naaaeaiey ia yiioeeiiaeueii-aieaauo e
U^8]j ae?oaeo ea/anoaao iauaeoa iiaeii ii/a?iiooue ec aiaeeca

aai ii/a?ea (a?aoieiaey), oioy i?e eniieueciaaiee oa?eeiauo
?o/ae iiiaea ithainu aeaiiie eioi?iaoeee a iauai-oi oa?ythony.
Ia iaoaao, ai?i/ai,ciaoue, /oi:

– anee iiey ienueia neaaa aieueoa, /ai ni?aaa, oi ienaaoee
ae?oaeaethaai e aae?anaoo e ia aai ineoeeo ie/aai ia aeaaeo;

– anee iiey ienueia ni?aaa aieueoa, /ai neaaa, yoi iineaiea
aeey iaai eeoue ionoay oi?iaeueiinoue;

– anee eaaia iiea eieco ?anoe?yaony, ienueii ienaeinue a ia-
E?yaeaiiie ianoaiiaea, aiciiaeii i?e ia?aie/aiee ai a?aiaie eee
n aioo?aiiei aeaeaieai ne?uoue ?aaeueiia iieiaeaiea aauae;

– no?iee, ooiaeyuea caiaoii aaa?o, ioia/atho yaii iiauoai-
iia iano?iaiea ieoouaai, a iai?aaeaiiua aiec – iiieaeaiiia;

– oaioe/aneia eciaiaiea aaee/eiu aoea niiauaao i ia?aic-
iinoe;

– ee/iay iiaeienue iinea i?eyoiuo niauoee anaaaea e?oiiaa,
/ai iinea iai?eyoiuo.

Ii?aaeaeaiioth i?iaiinoe/aneoth oeaiiinoue (iniaaiii anee ia
auei cai/iie ?ac?aaioee iauaeoa) iiaoo eiaoue aai oece/aneea
(?ino, oaeineiaeaiea, aieinu, aeaca) aeaiiua. Iieaaaoueny oieueei
ia ieo, ai?i/ai, auei au na?ueaciie ioeaeie.

Oae eae anyeia iiaaaeaiea /aeiaaea iai?aaeyaony iaeiei eee
ianeieueeeie iioeaaie (iiaoaeaeaieyie), eaeiaua ia anaaaea inic-
iathony, i/aiue aaaeii ?aniiciaoue enoeiiua iioeaaoeee iauaeoa.

Neaaeoao o/eouaaoue, /oi iioeau iaeaaeatho au?aaeaiiie ea?a?-
oeae e auaatho eiie ?ac iiey?ii i?ioeaiiieiaeiuie ( …). I?aaeneacaoue iinooiee /aeiaaea oieueei ii iaeiiio ec ii-
oeaia ia anaaaea aiciiaeii. Aeaiiino?e?oaiia iiaaaeaiea eiaeeaeaea
ii?aaeaeyaony:

– oai, /oi au ii oioae naeaeaoue (aeaeaieyie);

– oai, /oi ii n/eoaao ioaeiui naeaeaoue (nioeeaeueiuie ii?ia-
ie, ?ieaaui iiaaaeaieai);

– oai, /oi ii iau/ii aeaeaao (i?eau/eaie);

– iaeeaeaaiuie iineaaenoaeyie iiaaaeaiey (iethnaie e ieio-
naie);


?aciuie iniaaiiinoyie neooaoeee (aiaoieie ianoiyoaeue-
noaaie).

Auyaeyy iioeaaoeee, o/eouaatho:

– cayaeaiey iauaeoa (iiiiy, ai?i/ai, /oi aiciiaeia eae ia-
ia?aiiay, oae e iai?iecaieueiay – a ?an/aoa ia nioeeaeueiia iaeia-
?aiea – aeaceioi?iaoeey);

– ana iaiieaee e iaiai?ee iauaeoa;

– aicieeathuea o iaai annioeeaoeee;

– i?aaeii/oeoaeueiua oaiu aeey ?acaiai?a;

– ciaiey i ia?aaeeciaaiiuo aeaenoaeyo (iaia?aieyo) iauaeoa;

— iiaaaeaiea iauaeoa a eiie?aoiuo neooaoeeyo;

– o?iaaiue aai ianoie/eainoe i?e noieeiiaaiee n i?aa?aaeie
(aaee/eio i?eeaaaaiuo oneeee ii aa i?aiaeieaieth);

– noiio a?aiaie, cao?a/eaaaiiai iauaeoii ia ii?aaeaeaiiua
aeaenoaey eee ?acaiai?u;

– aeoeaioe?iaaiea aai aieiaiey ia eiie?aoiuo oaeoi?ao ne-
ooaoeee; e–.

– oei e eioaineaiinoue yiioeeiiaeueiuo ?aaeoeee. K148J

Aeiauooth a oiaea ?ac?aaioee /aeiaaea eioi?iaoeeth iiiauatho
a oi?iaeece?iaaiiia aeinuea, caiieiyaiia ?aaee oaeianoaa ii ii?a-
aeaeaiiie noaia, ni/aoathuae aeaa iniiaiuo ?acaeaea:

– ia?niiia?aoe/aneea aeaiiua e oaeou ec aeecie,

– oa?aeoa?iua iniaaiiinoe ee/iinoe (oece/aneea, ooieoee-
iiaeueiua, iauea, ineoe/aneea e eioaeeaeooaeueiua).

I?aaenoaaeyaiay a aeinuea oaeoo?a aeiiieiyaony, eae i?aaeei,
aeaoiy iiyniaieyie:

– ioeoaea acyoa yoa eioi?iaoeey (e, eiia/ii, noaiaiue aa iaaeaae-
iinoe),

– eae eiie?aoii aa iiaeii eniieueciaaoue.

A ooi/iaiiia aeinuea eiie ?ac aeeth/atho niaoeeaeueiue ?acaeae,
eiioeaio?e?othuee naaaeaiey, iaania/eaathuea ieacaiea iioe-
iaeueiiai aeaaeaiey ia iauaeo a ioaeiue iiiaio.

Oeiiaie aa?eaio ?aai/aai aeinuea oi?ie?oaony iau/ii oae:

Aeinuea ia?niiaeueiia

I. Ia?niiia?aoe/aneea aeaiiua
e oaeou ec aeecie

(Aeey i?eaioaoeee e eaaeaeiio o?aaiaioo caeanue i?eeiaeai eii-
iaioa?ee, ioia/athuee (A) – aaea yoe naaaeaiey iiaeii iieo/eoue,
e (A) – /ai iie iiaoo auoue iieaciu).

1. Oaieeey, eiy. io/anoai

(A) ee/iua aeieoiaiou, aeaeiaua e ia?niiaeueiua aoiaae, ii-
/oa, eiioaeoa?u,

(A) i?eaioe?iaaiea a iaoeeiiaeueiinoe, ?iaenoaaiieeao e i?aae-
eao, i?aaenoaaeaiea i i?aoaioeeiciinoe e acaeyaeao ?iaeeoaeae, ni-
aeaenoaea i?e eiioaeoao.

2. Ia?aeeaeueiua eiaia, eee/ee, i?icaeua, inaaaeiieiu, e eo
eniieueciaaiea (eiaaea, aaea, ii/aio, noaiaiue eo ne?uaaaiiaT)

(A) ienueia, ee/iua aoiaae, oaeaoiiiua e iau/iua ?acaiai-
?u, eiioaeoa?u;

(A) aeey ii?aaeaeaiiiai aicaeaenoaey (ii?aceoue inaaaeiieaiiin-
oueth, caioaaoue), aeey enoiaeiiai eiioaeoa (ia?ieue-iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea),
a oiaea auyaeaiey eiioaeoa?ia.

3. Aeaoa ?iaeaeaiey e aic?ano (ii eiathuaiony ianii?oo, oae-
oe/anee, noaiaiue ne?uaaaiinoe, i?e/eiu)

(A) ee/iua aeieoiaiou, o/aoiua ea?oi/ee (ia ?aaioa, a aeiii-
oi?aaeaiee, ianii?oiii noiea, aiaieiiaoa, aieueieoea, aeaeeioa-
ea, einoeoooa, ia?oy/aeea); eiioaeoa?u, iiaea?ee e iicae?aaeaiey;

(A) aa?iyoiua acaeyaeu (eiina?aaoeci noa?inoe, ?iiaioeci
thiinoe, ?aoeeiiaeeci c?aeinoe) e iioeaaoeee (naen, ea?uea?a, aea-
eaiea iieiy), oeceieiae/aneea aiciiaeiinoe i?aaiecia (oece/an-
eay neea, iaiiyiea, neoo, iaiyoue, auiineeainoue), a?aiy iioeiaeue-‘
iiai aicaeaenoaey (aei?eoieea), iiaiae aeey naeeaeaiey (aeceo, ii-
cae?aaeaiea, iiaea?ie).

4. Ianoi?iaeaeaiey (no?aia, ianaeaiiue ioieo, eeeiao, i?e-
/eiu)

(A) ee/iua aeieoiaiou e o/aoiua ea?oi/ee, eiioaeoa?u, nai;

1^–^s (A) i?aaenoaaeaiea i iaeioi?uo iniaaiiinoyo ee/iinoe
IflSOJJ (naenoaeueiinoe, aa?anneaiinoe, neeiiiinoe e ii?aaeaeai-

iui aieaciyi), iiaiae aeey naeeaeaiey (caieyee…), iiene aeeciai-
iuo ia?eiaoee.

5. Iaoeeiiaeueiinoue (ii eiathuaiony ianii?oo, oaeoe/anee;

noaiaiue ne?uaaaiinoe, i?e/eia, /oanoai iauiinoe)

(A) ee/iua aeieoiaiou e o/aoiua ea?oi/ee, eiioaeoa?u, , nai;

(A) i?aaenoaaeaiea i iaeioi?uo iniaaiiinoyo ee/iinoe e aic-
iiaeiuo iioeaaoeeyo (eiioi?ieci, i?aaei?eei/eainoue,
/oanoai yeeoa?iinoe, eieaeueiay a?aaeaeaaiinoue) aeey caaeaenoaiaa-
iey iauaeoa e iaieioeyoeee.

6. ?iaeeoaee (O.E.I., aeaou, aae?an, oaieeee aei a?aea, iee?i-
n?aaea, caiyoey, noaiaiue aeecinoe, aaoi?eoaoiinoue)

(A) ee/iua aeieoiaiou (naeaeaoaeuenoai i ?iaeaeaiee), ee/iia
aeaei (aaoiaeia?aoey), aeiiiaua eieae, o/aoiua ea?oi/ee (aiai-
eiiao, aoc), ?acee/iua aieaou, eiioaeoa?u, nai;

(A) iiieiaiea ii?aaeaeaiiuo iniaaiiinoae ee/iinoe (ainie-
oaiea), n?aaenoai aicaeaenoaey ia iauaeo (oaioaae, aeeyiea), enoi/-
ieee eioi?iaoeee.

7. Naiaeiinoue (ninoaa, n eai aeeaao, aeaoa naaaeueau, iaoeeiiaeue-
iinoue aeaiu (ioaea), e?aoeea aeaiiua /eaiia naiuee, acaeiiioii-
oaiey, oii iauaiey (aaoi?eoa?iinoue, ?aaiii?aaea), iauay aoii-
noa?a)

(A) ee/iua aeieoiaiou e aoiaae, ienueia, o/aoiua ea?oi/ee,
eiioaeoa?u (?iaenoaaiieee, ciaeiiua, ?iaeeoaee, ninaaee), ia?aoaa-
/aiiua ?acaiai?u, iaaethaeaiea, nai;

(A) n?aaenoaa aeey aicaeaenoaey ia iauaeo (oaioaae, caaoaee?i-
aaiiia aeeyiea), auyaeaiea iioeaaoeee (naenoaeueiay iaoaeiaeao-
ai?aiiinoue, ethaiaue e aeaoyi), oi/iua enoi/ieee eioi?iaoeee, ia-
eea aiciiaeiinoe aeey naeeaeaiey (iin?aaeieee).

8. ?iaenoaaiiua nayce e ciaeiinoaa (auaoea aeaiu e ethaia-
ieoeu, ia aeeaouea aianoa aeaoe, ae?ocuey aeaonoaa, eieeaae ii ?aai-
oa, ciaeiiua ii oaea/aieth, , ?iaenoaaiieee
n oie e ae?oaie noi?iiu, eo O. E. I., aae?ana, oaeaoiiu, aic?ano,
ia?aciaaiea, caiyoey, noaiaiue e i?e/eia aeecinoe)

(A) ia?aoaa/aiiua ienueia e ?acaiai?u, iaaethaeaiea, eiioae-
oa?u, ee/iua oiiieiaiey, /anoiua aoiaae (caieniua eieaeee,
noa?ua ienueia e ioe?uoee, ia?uaee caienae e iiia?a oaeaoiiia
ia ?acee/iuo iineoaeyo);

(A) iiaua enoi/ieee eioi?iaoeee, iiieiaiea iaeioi?uo ii-
oeaaoeee, oaeoi?u aicaeaenoaey (/a?ac ieo, /a?ac oa?ico ei), n?aae-
noaa auoiaea ia iauaeo e aiciiaeiinoe naeeaeaiey n iei a oiaea ii-
eneia iauaeoa, eiaeiue neaae i?e iaeo?aeecaoeee.

9. Ia?oeeiinoue e ?aeeaeiciinoue (/eainoai, aeoeaiinoue, en-
e?aiiinoue, o?iaaiue i?eoycaiee e aaoi?eoaoiinoue,
e i?e/eiu yoiai, ioiioaiea e ae?oaei ia?oeyi e eo eeaea?ai)

(A) ee/iua aeieoiaiou e o/aoiua ea?oi/ee, ioeiaeaiiua ?acai-
ai?u e neo/aeiua iaaethaeaiey, eiioaeoa?u e nai, neooe e i?anna;

(A) iiieiaiea iaeioi?uo iioeaaoeee e /a?o oa?aeoa?a (eaeaa-
eeci, ea?uea?eci, iaoeeiiaeeci), n?aaenoaa aeey aicaeaenoaey (oaioa-
aee?iaaiea aeene?aaeeoaoeeae, iiaeaaeaiea aaoi?eoaoii), iaeea aic-
iiaeiinoe aeey naeeaeaiey, iiaiae aeey caaeaenoaiaaiey a ea?a, ,’,–>
eiaeiue neaae i?e iaeo?aeecaoeee. Oe’51.

10. Ia?aciaaiea e niaoeeaeueiinoue ii ia?aciaaieth (/oi, aaea,
eiaaea, n eai, ioiioaiea e yoiio, iiaeeeiiinoue aeeieiia, ?aaioae
aey ii yoie niaoeeaeueiinoe, ii/aio iao, oi/ao ee ?aaioaoue)

(A) ee/iua aeaea, o/aoiua ea?oi/ee (aiaieiiao, ianii?oiue
noie), o?oaeiaay eieaeea, eiioaeoa?u, neooe e nieaoie, nai;

(A) i?aaenoaaeaiea i aiciiaeiinoyo ea?uea?u e oeie/iuo acaey-
aeao ia aeeciue, auoiae ia aa?iyoiuo eiioaeoi?ia (nieo?nieee, i?a-
iiaeaaaoaee), aeey eniieueciaaiey eo eae eioi?iaoi?ia eee n?aaenoa
naeeaeaiey, auyaeaiea iie?iaeoaeae, iiaiaeu aeey i?eaea/aiey e
ea?a.

11. O/aaa a ianoiyuaa a?aiy (aaea, eae, ca/ai, a eaeia a?aiy,
n eai)

(A) ee/iua aeaea, eiioaeoa?u, neooe, nai;

(A) iiieiaiea iaeioi?uo onoaiiaie e /a?o oa?aeoa?a, iaeea
aiciiaeiinoe aeey naeeaeaiey, iainiiaaiiinoue aeey iiaeeeth/aiey e
ea?a, iiaeae?aiea iiiaioia aeey eiie?aoiuo aeoeee.

12. Ciaiea ycueia (eaeea, eae, aaea, noaiaiue ne?uaaaiinoe eee
ai?aeinoe)

(A) ee/iua aeaea (aieaoa, aaoiaeia?aoey), ianoa i?aaeiaai aee-
oaeuenoaa, o/aoiua ea?oi/ee aeaeeioae, iieo/aaiay e i?eia?aoa-
aiay i?anna, iaaethaeaiea, eiioaeoa?u, nai;

(A) eaeea aiciiaeiinoe aeey naeeaeaiey (aeaeiaia i?aaeeiaea-
iea, niaeaenoaea a eco/aiee), iaieioaycaoeaiea aeey i?eaea/aiey
e ea?a.

13. I?ioanney, ianoi ?aaiou, neoaeaaiua iaycaiiinoe (a ia-
noiyuaa a?aiy, a i?ioeii, neieueei ?aaioae, eiaaea ooae, i?e/eiu
ooiaea (ioeoeeaeueiua e ?aaeueiua), ioiioaiey n eieeaaaie, o?iaaiue
i?ioanneiiaeecia, naycaia ee ?aaioa n iieo/aiiui ia?aciaaie-
ai, ioiioaiea e ?aaioa, a?aoee ?aaiou, o?iaaiue aeiionea, iiia?a
?aai/eo oaeaoiiia, aae?an)

(A) ee/iua aeaea, o/aoiua ea?oi/ee, o?oaeiaay eieaeea, eii-
oaeoa?u (?iaenoaaiieee, ciaeiiua, eieeaae ii ?aaioa), neooe, ia-
aethaeaiea, nai;

(A) iiieiaiea iaeioi?uo iioeaaoeee, /a?o oa?aeoa?a, acaey-
aeia ia aeeciue, ono?aieaiee, oycaeiinoae; auyaeaiea eiioaeoi?ia
aeey iieo/aiey eioi?iaoeee (eieeaae ii ?aaioa), auyaeaiea iooae
naeeaeaiey, n?aaenoaa aeey aicaeaenoaey, iaeea aiciiaeiinoe aeey ono-
?aiaiey, iiaiaeu aeey i?eaea/aiey e ea?a, eiaeiue neaae i?e iaeo-
?aeecaoeee.

14. Ia?niaeoeau, ea?uea?u, (i?ioanneiiaeeci, ee/iinoiua ea-
/anoaa, /uey-oi iiaeaea?aeea)

(A) eiioaeoa?u (eieeaae ii ?aaioa e o/aaa, ?iaenoaaiieee, noa-
?ua ciaeiiua, aeeceea i?eyoaee, yenia?ou, neooe, ouaoaeueiue
aiaeec aeayoaeueiinoe e ee/iinoe;

(A) n?aaenoaa aeey aicaeaenoaey ia iauaeo, oi?ioea aiciiaeiin-
oe aeey naeeaeaiey, eiaeiue neaae i?e iaeo?aeecaoeee.

15. Ia?aeiiiua yoaiu a aeia?aoee (eiaaea, ii/aio, eae ii-
aeeyee)

(A) ee/iia aeaei (aaoiaeia?aoey), o?oaeiaay eieaeea (iineoae-
iie nienie), ia?niiaeueiua aeieoiaiou (i?iienee a ianii?oa,
. _s ooaiiu a aiaiiii aeeaoa), nianoaaiiua a?oeau (noa?ua
oe52]| ienueia, oioia?aoee…), eiioaeoa?u, neooe, nai;

(A) iiieiaiea iaeioi?uo /a?o oa?aeoa?a, aniaeou oycaeiinoe.

16. Uaeioeeaua iiiaiou, aeia?aoee (eiaaea, /oi, o/anoieee,
iineaaenoaey, aoeoe?oaiinoue a naia a?aiy, eoi aua ciaao, eoi ciaoue, o?iaaiue ne?uaaaiinoe)

(A) oaeiia i?ineooeaaiea oaeaoiiiuo e iau/iuo ?acaiai?ia,
ia?aoaao ienai, eco/aiea i?annu, neooe, i?iieeiiaaiea n iaun-
eii (iaoaea/o), iiaiea eiioaeoa?ia, eco/aiea aaeuo iyoai a aa-
oiaeia?aoee e o?oaeiaie eieaeea, eiaeia auyaeaiea i?e aeii?ina;

(A) n?aaenoaa neeueiiai aicaeaenoaey, aa?eaio iaeo?aeecaoeee.

17. Caei?iauea e aieacie (eiaaea, /ai, ia o?iiee ee, ninoieo ee
ia o/aoa, niioaaonoaoao ee aic?anoo, aaea e o eiai ea/eony, ioiioa-
iea e iao?aaeeoeeiiiie iaaeeoeeia)

(A) iaaeeoeeineea ea?ou, eiioaeoa?u, nai, aiaoiee aeae, ea-
/auee a?a/;

(A) i?aaenoaaeaiea i /a?oao oa?aeoa?a, n?aaenoaa aicaeaenoaey,
iaeea aiciiaeiinoe naeeaeaiey (iauiinoue, iiaua eaea?noaa, eo/-
oaa ea/aiea, nayce n iiaeiuie a?a/aie e oeaeeoaeyie, iooue aeey
iaeo?aeecaoeee.

18. Ianoa aeeoaeuenoaa (nae/an, a i?ioeii, i?e/eiu niaiu,
aeeaao ee oai, aaea i?iienai, a anee iao – oi aaea, iioeau yoiai,
ianoa a?aiaiiiai iaeoaiey (ae?ocuey, ?iaenoaaiieee, nieiaaiua

eaa?oe?u)

(A) ee/iua aeieoiaiou, o/aoiua ea?oi/ee, ianii?oiue noie,
eiioaeoa?u, nai, AON (ii iiia?o oaeaoiia), ioneaaeeaaiea;

(A) n?aaenoaa aicaeaenoaey (eieaeueiue oa??i?), o/ao a ea?a (ii-
yaeaiea aicea), aiciiaeiinoe aeey naeeaeaiey (auaoe niaae), o/ao
i?e iaeo?aeecaoeee (oei iaiaaeaiey), iiene i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe.

19. Auoiaua oneiaey e eo ioeaiea (eiee/anoai eiiiao, iao-
?aae, oei eaa?oe?u, neieueei /aeiaae aeeaao (ii aeieoiaioai e oae-
oe/anee), eiio i?eiaaeeaaeeo, eae aeinoaeanue, ianoaiiaea e oaeia-
noaa, i?anoeaeiinoue e iaaeeoinoue ?aeiia)

(A) o/aoiua ea?oi/ee aeeeioaeaeia, aeiiiaua eieae, eiioae-
oa?u (ninaaee, ciaeiiua, ?aaioieee eiiioiaeueiuo neoaea e na?-
aena, aeaoe) nai, aiaeiaey (noaiaea?oiinoue eaa?oe?), caneaiiue

aeceoa?.

(A) iiieiaiea ioaeaeueiuo /a?o oa?aeoa?a (ianoaiiaea) e ii-
oeaaoeee (?aniieiaeaiea), iiiiuue a i?iieeiiaaiee a iiiauaiea
n ?aciuie oeaeyie (ecuyoue eee iiaeeiaeeoue /oi-eeai, onoaiiaeoue
, iaeo?aeeciaaoue /aeiaaea)

20. Iaee/ea aea/e (?aeii, o/anoie, oei no?iaiey, ninaaee, eoi-
eaia eee iino?iaia, ia eaeea n?aaenoaa, eoi e eiaaea iieuecoaony, o
eiai eeth/e, eae aeiae?athony)

(A) ioaeae ?aaeno?aoeee, eiioaeoa?u, nai, ioneaaeeaaiea;

(A) o/ao a ea?a, iaeaa/aiea eiio?iey, iiaiae aeey ciaeiinoaa,
aa?eaio iaeo?aeecaoeee.

21. Iaoa?eaeueiua oneiaey (ca?ieaoa, ianeaaenoai, iiai/iua
enoi/ieee aeioiaea, neieueei e eiaaea iieo/aao, neieueei e eiio aeie-
aeai, o eiai iau/ii aa?ao a aeiea)

(A) ?an/aoiue ioaeae, eiioaeoa?u, nai, ioneaaeeaaiea;

(A) iiieiaiea aiciiaeiuo iioeaaoeee (aeiauaaiea aeaiaa, aea-
eaiea ne?uoue ?aaeee e eiioaeou), n?aaenoai aeey aicaeae- f/-y\
noaey ia iauaeo (oaioaae, iiaeeoi). I.L-J

22. Iaeaaeaiea aaoiiaoeiie (oei, iiia?, ianoi ?aaeno?aoeee
(ai?iae), ia eiai ioi?ieaia, eoi e eae aiaeeo, eoi iieuecoaony, eia-
aea eoieaia, neieueei caiea/aii, ioeoaea aeaiueae, anoue ee o?oaeiinoe
n ?aiiioii e cai/anoyie, aaea noieo, anoue ee aa?aae, i?iaa?aia ee
ia oaii, oei neaiaeecaoeee, iiaeaiceo ee ae?oaeo)

(A) eiioaeoa?u (?iaenoaaiieee e ciaeiiua, ?aaioieee aaoi-
na?aena), ioneaaeeaaiea, AAE, nai;

(A) n?aaenoai aeaaeaiey, iaeaa/aiea aecoaeueiiai eiio?iey, o/ao a
ea?a, iaeea aiciiaeiinoe aeey naeeaeaiey, aa?eaio iaeo?aeecaoeee.

23. Oaeaoii iiia?a aeiiaoiaai, neoaeaaiiai e a ianoao, aaea /a-
noi auaaao, oei (eiiii/iue, aeeneiaue, nioiaue, ?aaeei-), iaee-
/ea AIIa, e , aeinooi e ianoo ia-
oiaeaeaiey)

(A) eiioaeoa?u (ae?ocuey, ?iaenoaaiieee e ciaeiiua, ?aaioie-
ee na?aena, eieeaae ii ?aaioa e oaea/aieyi, caneaiiue aeceoa?),
nai, eiio?ieue ia eeiee, AON;

(A) aeey noaoai aiiieiiiai iauaiey, i?e onoaiiaeaiee i?eai-
?ia i?ineooeaaiey, aeey i?anneiaa ciaieai, a oaoieeao iaeo?a-
eecaoeee.

24. ?aciia (aa?iyoiia o/anoea a iniauo ia?ii?eyoeyo, i?aae-
oaeuenoaaiiua iaa?aaeu, ianoi aieineie neoaeau, aieineia caaiea
e i?ioanney, nayce n e?eieiaeaie, iaeaaeaiea niaaeie e eiiiui-‘
oa?ii, aeaoaee iiacaeie ca a?aieoeo.
II. Iniaaiiinoe ee/iinoe

Ciaiea oece/aneeo ea/anoa iaeaa/aao acaeiiaeaenoaea n iauae-
oii, iaiaeaao ia aai i?aae?aniieiaeaiiinoe (e aieaciyi, aiee, ae-
oeaiinoe), ooi/iyao aa?eaiou eniieueciaaiey. Ouaoaeueiia icia-
eiieaiea n ooieoeeiiaeueiuie ea/anoaaie iii?inoo iaioeaieii aeey
onoaiiaeaiey ?aaeoeee iauaeoa ia niiauaiea eee niauoea (eciaia-
iea iioiaeee, aieina, ?a/e). Iauea ithainu iaania/eaatho iioeiaeue-
iia iiieiaiea iauaeoa e aunaa/eaatho ineoieioaeeaeooaeueiue
?acaeae, ia iniiaa eiaai auno?aeaaaony
eiaeeaeaea – enoi/iee naaaeaiee aeey iooa/eaaiey aani?iea?uoiuo
noai iaieioee?iaaiey, oece/aneie eee aeaeiaie iaeo?aeecaoeee).

A. Oece/aneea iniaaiiinoe

1. ?ino (ieceee-n?aaeiee (165-175) – aunieee).

2. Oaeineiaeaiea (aoeaoe/aneia, ei?aianoia, n?aaeiaa, neaaia,
?uoeia).

3. Aan eee oieoaiiinoue (iaeay, n?aaeiyy, aieueoay).

4. Aeaca (oeaao, ?acia?, aeaoaeou, iniaaiiinoe).

5. Aieinu (oeaao, oei, iaeunaiea, iniaaiiinoe).

6. Coau (?acia?, oeaao, iaee/ea aeaoaeoia, oei eneonnoaaiiuo).

7. Iniaua i?eiaou (iai?iii?oeeiiaeueiinoue ioaeaeueiuo /anoae
oaea, o?aiu e oaooe?iaee, oa?aeoa?iua iiciee, iaanoanoaaiiue
oeaao eiaee.

A. Ooieoeeiiaeueiua iniaaiiinoe

1. Iioiaeea (oaii, aeaeaeaiey ?oe, iniaaiiinoe).

2. AEanoeeoeyoeey (eioaineaiinoue, iai?aaeaiea aeanoia, ini-

aaiiinoe).

3. Ieieea (aiaaonoai, aaaeiinoue, ?eniaaiiinoue, eiie?aoeea).

_ ^ 4. Oeuaea (iiaiaeu niinianoaothuea iiyaeaieth, aia/aoea-
H/154JJ iea, iniaaiiinoe).

5. Aiein (oaia?, neea, /enoioa, iniaaiiinoe).

6. ?a/ue (oaii, aeoeaio, aea?aii, iao, iniaaiiinoe).

7. Aeeiaieea eiaee (eciaiaiea oeaaoa, iioeeainoue).

8. Iauea iniaaiiinoe

1. AEeciaiiua i?eau/ee (oaaaeaaiay iocuea e eeoa?aoo?a, iai-
aeaaiua iaieoee e eooaiuey, oei eniieuecoaiuo neaa?ao, aeiieie-
?othuaa iano?iaiea, ?aaeei nia, /eoaaiua aacaou e aeo?iaeu, oaiu
?acaiai?a, niiniau o?aou naiaiaeiiai a?aiaie, ecethaeaiiua ia?-
o?oou, iaeaieaa iinauaaiua ianoa, ecaaaaaiua ianoa, i?aaeii/e-
oaaiay iaeaaeaea, iau/iay i?e/anea, iioaiea ai?iaeu e onia, eniieue-
ciaaiea aeaciuo eeic e i/eia, oe?aoaiey, oei ethaeae n eioi?uie
i?aaeii/eoaao ano?a/aoueny, i?iaaaeaiea ioionea).

2. Acaeyaeu e eo onoie/eainoue (iieeoe/aneea, ii?aeueiua, aee-
oaeneea , ynoaoe/aneea; ?aciyony ee auneacuaaiey a ioeoeeaeueiie
ianoaiiaea e ee/iii e?oao).

3. Ioiioaiea e i?ienoiaeyuei niauoeyi (aac?acee/iia, e?i- ^
ie/iia, yeno?aienoneia).

4. Iaoeeiiaeeci (ne?uaaiea iaoeeiiaeueiinoe, i?aaicianaiea
naiae iaoeee, niaethaeaiea iaoeeiiaeueiuo o?aaeeoeee, ioiioaiea e
ae?oaei iaoeeiiaeueiinoyi).

5. Ioiioaiea e ?iaeiui e aeeceei (noaiaiue i?eaycaiiinoe,
/anoioa e oei eiioaeoia).

6. Ioiioaiea e naaa (o?aaiaaoaeueiinoue, iiionoeoaeuenoai, e?i-
ie/iinoue, iiaiea i naaa (aaeaeaaoiia, iiauoaiiia, ieceia).

7. Aiciiaeiinoe (aiaoiea: ii i?e/eia aeaeiaiai iieiaeaiey,
ciaeiinoa, ?iaenoaaiiuo naycae, e aioo?aiiea: a neeo ee/iinoiuo
ea/anoa, ia?aciaaiey, o?aie?iaee).

8. Oaea/aiey, n o/aoii eo i?ioanneiiaeecia e i?eoyaaoaeueii-
noe (aeaiiuiu, aeeiaieue, eooiy, aeaiueae, iooaoanoaey, nii?o, eie-
eaeoeeiie?iaaiea, ii?iia?aoey, iocuea, oaao?, oaeaaeci?, eii-
iuethoa?, o?enoeainoai, ycu/anoai, ainoi/iua ?aeeaee, aceaoneia
aieineia eneonnoai, iao?aaeeoeeiiiay iaaeeoeeia, ieeoeueoeci, en-
oi?ey, ano?ieiaey, eiaa, ioioa, niaaee, oaoiaou, aca?oiua ea?u,
aaoiiiaeeue, ?aaeeiethaeoaeuenoai, ia?iaeiua i?iiuneu).

9. Anaaiciiaeiua oiaiey (aiaeeoue iaoeio, /eieoue iaoeio, ie-
eioe?iaaoue naiieao, ?aiiioe?iaaoue oaeaaeci?, ae?aoueny, no?aeyoue,
ieaaaoue, niaeaciyoue aeaiuei, eeanoue ia/e, i?eaioe?iaaoueny ia ia- ,
noiinoe e o. ae. e o. i.

10. No?aiiinoe (aa?a a i?eiaou, iniaua ?eooaeu, iaiau/iinoue
a iaia?ao, iaeaaeaea, i?e/anea).

11. Ioiioaiea e ?aciui aniaeoai aeecie (e aeaiueiai, ae-
eiaieth, aeaiueaai, i?eeeth/aieyi, eeoa?aoo?a e eneonnoao, iiaea,
oi?aiaea, iaoa?eaeueiie auaiaea, i?inoeoooeee, aiiinaenoaeecio,
ia?eiiaiee, oa??i?ecio, oeaiai, aeoeeyi, i?eaaoecaoeee, ?aeeaee,
ia?oeyi e iieeoe/aneei aeayoaeyi).

12. Iioeaaoeee e ea?a?oey (iio?aaiinoue a aaciianiinoe e ii-
ieiaiee, ethaiaue e aeaoyi, naenoaeueiay iaoaeiaeaoai?aiiinoue).

13. Neaainoe e oycaeiinoe (aioo?aiiea: neaainoe oa?aeoa?a,
oece/aneea iaaeinoaoee, iaeioi?ua i?eau/ee, ?aaeinoe
e ii?iee, neeueiua i?eaycaiiinoe, e aiaoiea: uaeioeeaua ii-
iaiou aeia?aoee, ouaoaeueii ne?uaaaiua aniaeou ee/iie ,

oaaaaao, auaeeaeaao, caie?aao).

21. Iiaaaeaiea a a?oiia (no?aieaiea e eeaea?noao, iiae/eiaieth,
aia?oee, ?aaiii?aaeth, eciee?iaaiiinoe).

22. Yiioeeiiaeueiia ?aaae?iaaiea (?a/aaia iiaaaeaiea, o?iaaiue
ne?uaaaiiaT /oanoa, oa?aeoa?iua aeey ii?aaeaeaiiie yiioeee aea-
nou e ineoioeceieiae/aneea ?aaeoeee).

23. Naenoaeueiua ithainu (noaiaiue iioeaaoeee, ioeeiiaiey io
ii?iu, eiio?iee?oaiinoue, i?eau/ee).

A. Ineoieiae/aneea e eioaeeaeooaeueiua ea/anoaa
(Ioeaieo eiie?aoiuo ea/anoa oeaeaniia?acii i?iaiaeeoue ii iy-
oeaaeeueiie oeaea, /aoei ?aaeno?e?othuae ia?o eo au?aaeaiii-
noe: (i/aiue aunieay), (aunieay), (n?aaeiyy), (iec-
eay), (i/aiue ieceay). A neo/aa iiey?iiai aa?eaioa eo/oa
i?eaioe?iaaoueny ia iaeei ec iiethnia.

1. Iuoeaiea (eiie?aoiia – aano?aeoiia).

2. Y?oaeeoeey (iauay e /anoiay).

3. Eioaeeaeo (aeiaiaoe/iinoue – aeaeinoue).

4. Niiniaiinoue e aiaeeco – aa?oiaeyaenoai.

5. Niia?aceoaeueiinoue – ooiinoue.

6. I?iieoeaoaeueiinoue – iiaa?oiinoiinoue.

7. E?eoe/iinoue iuoeaiey – eaaeiaa?ea.

8. I?aeoe/iinoue – oaioaceeiinoue.

9. Eiina?aaoeci – iiaaoi?noai.

10. ?eneiaaiiinoue – ia?aoeoaeueiinoue.

11. Onooi/eainoue – aa?anneaiinoue.

12. Iaea?aeeiinoue – ianneaiinoue.

13. No?aieaiea e eeaea?noao – iiae/eiyaiinoue.

14. I?eniiniaeai/anoai-iacaaeneiinoue.

15. Iaiaa?aiiinoue-i?yiieeiaeiinoue.

16. Eaaeiaa?ea – iiaeic?eoaeueiinoue.

17. Ethaiciaoaeueiinoue – aac?acee/ea.

18. Aiooaaiinoue – niiniaiinoue i?aiaeieaoue aiooaiea.

19. Niaanoeeainoue – i?aeoe/iinoue.

20. I?eioeeieaeueiinoue – eiioi?iiinoue.

21. Nienoiaeeoaeueiinoue-o?aaiaaoaeueiinoue.

22. Aeueo?oeci – yaieci.

23. Aa?a a naay – aa?a a ianoiyoaeuenoaa.

24. Ioe?uoinoue (yeno?aaa?oiinoue) –
‘” .s caieiooinoue
[J56JJ (eio?iaa?oiinoue).

25. Neeiiiinoue oeo?eoue-aanoeo?inoiinoue.

26. Oeaaeiie?iaea (eae a iianiinoe, oae e a iaeeaeaiee) – ei-
ioeueneaiinoue.

27. Naea?aeaiiinoue (a iinooieao, ?acaiai?ao, auaea/a eioi?ia-
oeee) – ?aniouaiiinoue.

28. Oaa?aiiinoue a naieo neeao – aaniiiiuiinoue.

29. AEanoieinoue – iyaeinoue (aeia?ioa).

30. O?aa?inoue – o?oneeainoue.

31. Ioiioaiea e oa?ica (y?inoue – aac?acee/ea – no?ao).

32. ?aaioiniiniaiinoue a no?anniaie neooaoeee. ^

33. Ia?aiineiinoue aiee e no?anniauo neooaoeee.

34. Auno?ioa ?aaae?iaaiey (ia aiacaiiia eciaiaiea oaiu ?ac-‘
aiai?a, ia ioaeaeueiua aeaenoaey).

35. Yiioeeiiaeueiay onoie/eainoue.

36. Neea e aeeeoaeueiinoue yiioeee.

37. Niiniaiinoue aeieai ne?uaaoue naie /oanoaa.

38. O?iaaiue i?eoycaiee.

39. Iaaethaeaoaeueiinoue.

40. Iaycaoaeueiinoue.

41. O?aaiaeiinoue.

42. Eaeeainoue.

43. Inoeoaeueiinoue.

44. *oanoai aeaaiaea?iinoe.

45. Ouaneaaea.

46. Naenoaeueiinoue.

Oaeoo?a, ecaeaeaaiay ec aeinuea, i?anooiieeaie iau/ii i?e-
iaiyaony aeey:

– iaieioee?iaaiey iauaeoii;

– i?aaeaeaeaiey aeaenoaee iauaeoa;

– i?in/eouaaiey iianiinoe, enoiaeyuae io iauaeoa.
Iau/ii oee/iua aeiiioeca?u e i?anooiieee, oyniea ineoiei-
ae/aneee ii?o?ao ?ac?aaaouaaaiie eie aoaeouae aea?oau, ioia/a-
tho iniaaiiinoe iioeaaoeee aa iiaaaeaiey, eiathueany o aeaiiiai /a-
eiaaea ono?aieaiey e iaoathuea aio a aeinoeaeaiee aai oeaeae o?oae-
iinoe e i?aiyonoaey. Oee/iue iiuo iieacuaaao, /oi oniaoiaa anaai
i?anooiieee ea?atho ia neaaeothueo iiiaioao iioa?iaaoeo: iiee-
oe/aneeo e ?aeeaeiciuo oaaaeaeaieyo, ia no?aieaiee e aeanoe eee
aeaiueaai, ia ?iiaioe/aneeo eee aa?ie/aneeo i?aaenoaaeaieyo e caa-
eoaeaeaieyo, ouaneaaee, ianoe, i?aoaaee/aiiii iiaiee i naieo nii-
niaiinoyo, iaoa?eaeueiuo aeieaao eee o?oaeiinoyo, no?aoa ca naay eee
aeeceeo, aeaaeiinoe, nino?aaeaiee, ethaae-no?anoe, ethaae e aeaoyi, ia
aeeoaeneeo neaainoyo e ii?ieao (iueyinoai, ia?eioeee, aca?oiua
ea?u, aeaiueiu-ioae/eiu e ae?.). O eioaeeaeooaeia
i?anooiieee eniieuecotho eo ooii/aiiua iiaeniciaoaeueiua ono?ai-
eaiey e aeanoe, ea?a n caeiiaie, i?iieeiiaaiea a oaeiu. E aieue-
oeinoao iau/iuo ethaeae i?anooiieee i?eiaiytho iaiai, iiaeeoi,
oaioaae, oa?icu, ?acaeeaaiea yiioeee (?aaiinoe, inoeoaeueiinoe, ia-
aeiaieuenoaa, ouaneaaey, ainoi?aeaiiinoe, nino?aaeaiey e ae?.), oaaae-
aeaiea, aiooaiea, ineoii?ia?aiie?iaaiea, iniaua aeoeee: ia?ei-
i?eaycea, naen-ia?ii?eyoey e ae?. (?. ?iiei, 1998).

3. Oeenaoeey aieiaiey e oaea?aeaiea eiioaeoa. Eneon-
noai oeenaoeee e onoie/eaiai oaea?aeaiey aieiaiey

a oeuaaineii aeiiica aace?oaony ia iaee/ee iaycaoaeueiiai (eee
i/aiue aeaeaoaeueiiai) enoiaeiiai aeaiaaeiiai, iaoa?eaeueiiai eee eii-
ai eioa?ana o , i eioi?ii noaiiaeony ecaanoii iioaiieeo.

90% anao ethaeae, iioa?iaaoeo io oeuaaineiai aeiiica, iieo-
iaeenue, eae i?aaeei, ia niaoeeaeueii oiaei i?aaeeiaeaiiua aa?e-
aiou: iaiaeeaeaiii eaaeee niinia auea?aoue aeaiueae eee naa?oaea-
oaai /oi-oi aeinoaoue, eee naa?oauaiaeii /oi-oi iieo/eoue, eee ai-
iaua /oi-oi caeiaoue .

Iaee/ea o ei?unoiiai eioa?ana e oiio, /oi i?aaeeaaaao
aio iioaiiee, yaeyaony ?aoathuei oaeoi?ii oiai, /oi ii-
caieyao aoyiooue naay a e onoie/eai a iae i?aauaaoue,
aeaaea anee eaeea-oi i?iaeanee ?acoia e aoaeoo iaeioi?ua yeaiaiou
iiaeaa?aaoue niiiaieth. E /ai neeueiaa iioaiieeo oaea-
aony ?acaea/ueo ei?unoiue eioa?an, oai aieueoaa
ia iaai iaoiaeeo. A yoie yiioeeiiaeueii-aieieoaeueiie neooaoeee
oaea ia niiniaai e?eoe/anee e o?acai ioeaieaaoue i?ienoiaey-
uaa, ii i?iaeoiaiiuie e nei?inoiuie, ia aeathueie iiiiieoueny
eee inoaiiaeoueny aeaenoaeyie iioaiieea ana aieueoa e aieueoa iai-
oa?aoeii i?aa?auaaony a eaeiai-oi aca?oiiai ea?iea, io i?yii eae
o Aeinoiaaneiai, eioi?ue, oaea ianiio?y ie ia /oi, naiinoiyoaeueii
inoaiiaeoueny ia iiaeao… E?iia oiai, ecaanoiu iiiai/eneaiiua
neo/ae, eiaaea iuoaaony inoaiiaeoue io
aeaeueiaeoaai o/anoey a eoi-oi aeeceee – aeaia, aeaoe,
ae?oa, a?ao e o. ae., ii ii/oe anaaaea n iaiiiyoiui oi?yinoaii, iau/-
ii ianaienoaaiiui yoiio /aeiaaeo, i?iaeieaeaao ?eneiaaoue
e o/anoaoao a noeaia?ee iioaiieea ianiio?y ie ia /oi.

Iaeioi?ua aeiiioeca?u a ia/aea iaoaai noieaoey i?aaeeiaee-
ee oaoieeo onoaiiaeaiey eiioaeoa /a?ac eiie?iaaiea oaiia aeu-
oaiey aeiiioeea, a caoai caiaaeeaiey eee onei?aiey naiaai aeu-
oaiey. Yoe aeiiioeca?u aa?eee, /oi ethaie /aeiaae iaycaoaeueii
ia aanniciaoaeueiii o?iaia ia eciaiaiea iacaiaoii
iiaeno?iaiiiai aeuoaiey e oaeei ia?acii aicieeaao , oi
anoue oi?aaeyaiue eiioaeo eee, eae nae/an i?eiyoi aiai?eoue, ?ai-
ii?o. Ii i?aeoeea iieacaea, /oi aano?aeoiua oai-
?ee a aeecie ia n?aaaouaatho, oai aieaa ia oeeoea i?e aeaoeoeeoa
a?aiaie eiioaeoa. Iiyoiio iinoiyiii oae iiene iiauo ineoioaoie/aneeo noeaia?eaa, e?iia nie?auaiey a?aiaie
eiioaeoa, iiaoueo iiauoaoue iaaeaaeiinoue n?aaaouaaiey e aeinoe-
aeaiey caieaie?iaaiiiai ?acoeueoaoa aei 100%.

Ineoioaoie/aneei iaoiaeii onoaiiaeaiey eiioaeoa n aannic-
iaoaeueiui aeiiioeeii aue i?aaeeiaeai iaeiia?aiaiii a ianeieue-
eeo no?aiao aua aeiaiaiiue , a caoai caiaaeeaiey e aiacaiiie inoaiiaee ieaaiey eee
o/auaiey ieaaiey e caaea. Yoio i?eai n?aaaouaae a 10-15% neo-
/aaa a iniiaiii ia aeiiaaaeueiuo ethaeyo. A neo/aa ?aaae?iaaiey
ia caiaaeeaiea e inoaiiaeo ieaaiey oe?iei ?ane?uaae c?a/-
ee, aai acaeyae niaoeeoe/anee oeaiaiae e inoaiaaeeaaeny, aicieeae
oi?ioi aeaeeiue eaaeee aeiiioe/aneee o?ain n ioee/iui oi?aa-
eythuei eiioaeoii (?aiii?oii). A neo/aa o/auaiey ieaaiey aei-
iioeca?ii neio?iiiiai oa?aeoa?iiai aeey nia ieaaiey aeac e io-
“–^s e?iaaiiiai aeeeiiiai, nii aucuaathuaai, caaea ni caoeiaui
U58JI nii?iaiaeaeaieai: iia o noaiiaeoue-

ny ?aiii?o, i?e eioi?ii oaeaea ia/eiae ana /aua onuiey-
thua ieaaoue, n o?oaeii eaaeaeue ?ac ioe?uaay aeaca, a ia aeeeiiii
auaeioa-caaea neuoae a?iieoth aiacaiioth eiiaiaeo
e, cae?ua aeaca, iaiiaaiii canuiae eneonnoaaiii aucaaiiui
niii, eioi?ue iu e iacuaaai aeiiicii. I?e yoii aa?eaioa a aei-
aao , eioi?ua aeiiioeca? aiai?eo aiao-
ia eae au i naaa, i?ienoiaeeo iaoca iinea neia , a
caoai n eciaiaieai eioiiaoeee ia i?eeac neaaeoao eiiaiaea
Oaeay ?aaeoeey i?aaeoniao?eaaeanue noeaia?eai, e
iiyoiio aeaeaa iiaei auoue o?e aeaea iiaaaeaiey. Ia?aue – anee
cae?ue aeaca e iia?oceeny a aeiiic n?aaeiae aeoaeiu, oi
a yoio iiiaio en/acae n aauaie eee aeaiueaaie
; aoi?ie – anee >eio> cae?ue aeaca e iia?oceeny a aeoai-
eee aeiiic, oi oaia?ue auiieiye, eae niiiaiaoea, eth-
aua eiiaiaeu e aeaeaiey aeiiioeca?a, aeaaea aa?aaeueii ia ioi?i-
eaiiua; o?aoee – anee aoiaeee a eaaeee aeiiic n ioe?uou-
ie, neaaea ?anoe?eaoeieny aeacaie, oi , a neeo
aicieeoaai ?aiii?oa, aeaaiaea?ee ca acyoia o iaai e ooi-
aeee eee i?inoi aiai?ee: e iaanaaaea ooiaeee, a n iaeaiie a aeacao canouaae e ie-
/aai ia iia neacaoue aaeiaiieo, a eiaaea /a?ac 2-3 ieioou iaeaia n
aeac noiaeeea, n oeaiiinoyie oaea e neaae i?inoue.

Aeey iiauoaiey naiaai ianoa?noaa (oeuaaia e
ia oieueei iie) ?acaeaaee a naaa niiniaiinoue aini?eieiaoue ie?
i?aaui (aeeaioiui) iieooa?eai, oi anoue ycueii /oanoa e eiooe-
oeee. Aeey yoiai iie no?aieeenue eiioaeoe?iaaoue ia eioaeeaeooaeue-

ii n eiae/aneei aeieacaoaeuenoaii naiae i?aaiou, a eiooeoeaii /oa-
noaaiii, ia o?iaia iiaeniciaiey. Ii /oiau oaeia auei
iaeneiaeueii iauaeoeaiui e eaaia iieooa?ea ia iaoaei au ?a-
aeueiiio aini?eyoeth naieie eneaaeaiiuie i?aaeuaeouei iiuoii
iuneyie, noaee o?aie?iaaoue /aou?a ninoaaeyth-
ueo naiaai aini?eyoey aiaoiaai ie?a: yiioeee, c?aiea, eiaeii-
iuoa/iua iuouaiey (i?eeiniiaaiey, oyaeanoue, oaiei, aieue e ae?.)
e neoo. o/eeenue oi?ioi /oanoaiaaoue yiioeee ia?o-, a oai caion-
eaeny oaea aaoiiaoe/anee, oae eae ia?anoaaaea o?acai
aini?eieiaoue i?ienoiaeyuaa. Iiyoiio e oeuaaia i/aiue /anoi iiae
ethaui i?aaeeiaii euoo aiciiaeiinoe eanaoueny , iniaaiii
aai i?aaie ?oee. Nia?aiaiiay NE-iaoea iiaeoaa?aeeea yoi ae?aaiaa
ioe?uoea. Aeaenoaeoaeueii, i?aaay ?oea /aeiaaea i?aaenoaaeaia a
ei?a aieiaiiai iicaa aieaa /ai /aoaa?oueth aai ieiuaaee. Iiyoiio,
iaeaaeaa i?aaie eenoueth, au iaeaaeaaaaoa aicaeaenoaeai ia ei?o ai-
eiaiiai iicaa, oi anoue aicaeaenoaeai ia niciaiea e iiaeniciaiea /a-
eiaaea, eeoue au eiioaeo aue iaeneiaeueii ene?aiiee e A,–^
ni/oanoaothuee, /aai oeuaaia e aeiaeaathony. lu59J

Aieaa iiae?iaii aii?in i ?iee i?eeiniiaaiee a eioi?iaoeeii-
iii iaiaia iiith ?anniio?ai a eieaa (Eeaa, 1988), oae /oi anee eoi-oi caeioa?anoaony oai?eae aii-
?ina, oi i?i/oeoa yoo eieao.

A o?eaeoeaouo aiaeao iaeei aia?eeaiaoe i?aaeeiaeee iaoiae n/eou-
aaiey aanniciaoaeueiie ?aaeoeee /aeiaaea ia eiioaeo ii aeaeaeaieth
c?a/eia aai aeac, ii i?iaa?ea iieacaea, /oi ie a iaeiii neo/aa aa-
niethoii ie/aai ia iieo/aaony, aia?eeaioea i ieacaeinue iaiaiii. Oai ia iaiaa ae?oaea ia?aoeee aieiaiea ia oio oaeo, /oi a iiiaio, eiaaea
ooae ai aioo?aiiee ie? ainiiieiaiee, c?a/ee o iaai ?anoe?y-
thony e aai aeaca ia/eiatho niio?aoue ?anoieone?iaaiii eae au
neaicue aan (acaeyae a ieeoaea eee oae iacuaaaiue
acaeyae). Yoi iaaethaeaiea iiiiaaao oeuaaiai ii/oanoaiaaoue iiiaio,
eiaaea i?inoie eiioaeo ia?aoiaeeo a ?aiii?o (oi?aaeyaiue o?aini-
aue eiioaeo). Iauaecaanoii, ia oieueei oeuaaiai, e oaeia iaaeth-
aeaiea: anee /aeiaae aiai?eo iai?aaaeo eee iaene?aiai, oi aai aea-
ca ia/eiatho , /aeiaae noa?aaony ia niio?aoue ia niaanaae-
ieee e ana a?aiy aeaca eee ioaiaeeoue eo a noi?iio. Ae?oaia
iaaethaeaiea eanaaony yiioeee: anee /aeiaae aieioaony, oi iaeueoeu
aai ?oe /oi-ieaoaeue aaoiiaoe/anee (aiciiaeiu e ea-
eea-eeai aeaeaeaiey iiaaie, aieiaie, ei?ionii e o. ae.).

Iauaecaanoii, /oi o iaeioi?uo ethaeae a eo aini?eyoee aiao-
iaai ie?a i?aiaeaaeatho c?eoaeueiua ia?acu. Oaeea ethaee, eae i?a-‘
aeei, e a iuneeoaeueiuo i?ioeannao iia?e?otho c?eoaeueiuie ia-
?acaie, ii oaeeo ethaeae i/aiue iaei, e /aua iie ano?a/athony n?a-
aee ethaeae e aia/aoeeoaeueiuo: ooaeiaeieeia, a?oenoia,
yeno?anainia, neoeueioi?ia, , ia?eiiaiia, eeiiiia-
?aoi?ia, ?aaeenna?ia e o. ae. O oaeeo ethaeae i/aiue ?acaeoi c?eoaeue-
iia aiia?aaeaiea, iie.niiniaiu aecoaeece?iaaoue aei aaeethoeeia-
oeee. A oae eae aini?eyoea aiaoiaai ie?a aieueoeinoaa ethaeae
i/aiue noauaeoeaii, oi yoa eaoaai?ey ethaeae /aua iuneeo ia?aca-
ie e i/aiue noauaeoeaii, iiyoiio a NE-iaoea eo iacuaatho aecoa-
eenoaie, a a ia?iaea eo ec-ca no?aiiinoae a iiaaaeaiee n/eoatho
. Iaaei i?yii neacaoue, /oi aeey oeuaai e oee/iuo aei-
iioeca?ia oaeea ethaee – naiay eaaeay aeiau/a, ii n?aaee ianaea-
iey oaeeo eeoe i/aiue iaei, i?ioeaioia iyoue, ia aieueoa, a /aua aua
iaiueoa. Noauaeoeaiia aini?eyoea iaeioi?uo ae?oaeo ethaeae io-
ee/aaony i?aiaeaaeaieai neooiaiai iiuoa, e eo iacuaatho aoaeea-
eenoaie – yoi iocueaiou, aee?eaea?u, o/eoaey, caoeiiia?aoi?u
e ana oa ethaee, /uey i?ioanney naycaia ni caoeaie e iaiaoiaeeiin-
oueth neooiaiai iai?yaeaiey .Oaeea ethaee /anoi eae au aeeaoo a ie?a
caoeia, iiyoiio yoi io?aaeaaony ia eo iuoeaiee e niaoeeaeeca-
oeee aioo?aiiaai iiuoa. Oeuaaia e oee/iua aeiiioeca?u oaeeo eth-
aeae n/eoatho oaeaea eaaeie aeiau/ae, oioy eo e iaiiiai – 10-15%
ianaeaiey. Enoaoe, iaeioi?ua’aeaiueiu , iiyoi-
io oee/iua aeiiioeca?u eiaiii yoio eo naini?iue
eaiae, any/anee ?anoaaeeaay eo e?anioo, ia?yaeu, aeaoae e o. ae.

E?iia aecoaeenoia e aoaeeaeenoia eaaeie aeiau/ae oeuaai noa-
iiayony oae iacuaaaiua eeianoaoeee. Yoi ethaee, /aua ioae/eiu,
I.–.s /uea noauaeoeaiia aini?eyoea a iniiaiii niaoeeaeece?iaa-
[ISOJJ ii ia iuouaieyo; iniaaiii oaeea ethaee /oanoaeoaeueiu e

i?eeiniiaaieyi – yoi, eae i?aaeei, iieiaeua aeaaooee eee thii-
oe, y?ioe/anee iano?iaiiua aeaiueiu e o. ae. Oaeeo ethaeae iii-
ai – aei 30%, oioy i?eeiniiaaiey, eae iu oaea aiai?eee, /a?otho
ii/oe anao ethaeae.

?aaeei, ii ano?a/athony (1-2%) ethaee, oiiei /oanoaothuea ca-
iaoe, eee ethaee, i?iioneathuea ana /a?ac /oanoai aeona (aei 1%),
o ieo aini?eyoea ie?a iineo oaeie, y au neacae, aano?iiiie/a-
neee oa?aeoa?.

I/aiue ethayo oeuaaia e oee/iua aeiiioeca?u ethaeae n , yoi aeoeaioe?iaaiiua ee/iinoe n eaeie-oi i?iaeaiie, ia
eioi?ie iie ii/oe iiiaoaeenue e i eioi?ie iie aiai?yo 24 /ana a
nooee anai e eaaeaeiio a oaeiaiii e iaoaeiaiii neo/aa. E oaeei eth-
aeyi eaaei e eo ii , a eioi-
?ii iie ana aeaeatho iaoeiaeueii, ia oniaaay ie/aai aiaeece?i-
aaoue e iiieiaoue. Iineaaeiaa a?aiy ai iiiaeo no?aiao noaei iiiai (aei 20-40%), iiyoiio, eae oieueei oeuaaia
yoo i?iaeaio ii?aaeaeeee, oae ?aaioaao ia 100%. Ini-
aaiii iiiai n?aaee naenoaeueii icaai/aiiuo eth-
aeae. Iiyoiio eo /anoi a ?aciiai ?iaea i?eoiiao e cea/-
iuo ianoao. Iaaei i?eciaoue, /oi ia iino?aaeaa-
oeo ca anth enoi?eth aieueoa anaai, ai?i/ai, eae e ia .

Eoae, n o/aoii neacaiiiai, oee/iua aeiiioeca?u n eaaeaeui
/aeiaaeii ?acaiaa?eaatho ia aai ycuea, oaeiaiii aeey iaai, iiiyo-
iii e i?eyoiii, oiaaea ii eo/oa , oi anoue
eo/oa i?eieiaao i?aaeeiaeaiea ia o/anoee a noea-
ia?ee. Ii oai ia iaiaa iieiaeia anao ethaeae ieeaeie au?aaeai-
iie niaoeeaeecaoeee ii i?aaiai /oanoa a naiai ie?iaini?eyoee e
iuoeaiee ia eiaao, e, a ioee/ea io iaeioi?uo eaaeiaoiuo ai?a-
oai?aoeeia, oeuaaia e oee/iua aeiiioeca?u yoi ioee/ii ciatho.
Aieaa oiai, iie ciatho, /oi o 20-30% ethaeae aini?eyoea e iuoea-
iea i?ioiaeeo iiae au?aaeaiiui aeiieie?iaaieai eaaiai iieooa-
?ey, yoe ethaee anaaaea iuneyo e iinooiatho o?acai e aiaeeoe/anee,
ii/oe ia iiaeaeaaaynue yiioeeyi e /oanoaai, a i?e ionoonoaee neeue-
iaeoaai ei?unoiiai eioa?ana oaeeo ethaeae aiaea/ue a ethaie ii/oe iaaiciiaeii.

Ii?aaeaeaiiue aeeaae a oai?eth oee/iiai aeiiica aianee nia?a-
iaiiua o/aiua-ineoieiae, ?ac?aaioaaoea ii?aaeaeaiiua ?aeiiai-
aeaoeee eiioaeoa aeey aecianiaiia, a ?aeeaia e o. ae. O/aiua ?aei-
iaiaeotho aeey oi?ie?iaaiey eiioaeoa anaaaea ia/eiaoue n ioiaeaea-
noaeaiey naiaai iiaaaeaiey n iiaaaeaieai eeeaioa, eniieuecoy
oaoieeo iiaeno?ieee e yiioeeyi, aeaeaeaieyi, iica, ieaaieth, aeu-
oaieth, oaiio ?a/e e, aeaaiia, niaea?aeaieth eeeaioa.
Aeey ia?aaiaea eiioaeoa a ?aiii?o iaiaoiaeeii oiaei i?eiaiyoue
auoaoeacaiiua iaauee iiaeno?ieee e i?eniaaeeiaiey e aannicia-
oaeueiui oeceieiae/aneei ooieoeeyi e eaeaiiioi?iui aeaeaeaie-
yi eeeaioa. N o/aoii ineoieiae/aneie i?eaioaoeee aini?eyoey e
iuoeaiey eeeaioa ne?uoua noaaanoeaiua eiiaiaeu neaaeoao ioi?-
ieyoue aeey eo/oaai aini?eyoey ia aai ineoieiae/aneii ycuea. Ana
oeacaiiua aeaenoaey auiieiythony aeey nicaeaiey ?aaeeia aaaeaiey
(?aiii?oa) ineoeee e iiaaaeaiey eeeaioa a niioaaonoaee n ca?aiaa
ninoaaeaiiui e i?aneaaeothuei eiie?aoioth oeaeue noeaia?e-
ai , e inouanoaeyaony ?aiii?o eciaiaieai

6 Cae.?821

nianoaaiiiai iiaaaeaiey n aaeaeaaoiie aanniciaoaeue-
ii ?aaeoeeae eeeaioa.

Ineoieiae ioia/atho, /oi iaiaoiaeeii oi/ii iiaeno?aeaaoueny e
i?eniaaeeiyoueny e aioo?aiiaio ie?o eeeaioa, i?e yoii ycue e
auneacuaaiey aeiiioeca?a aeieaeiu auoue no?iai oeaeaiai?aaeai-
iu, ii ii aiciiaeiinoe ii?aaeaeaiiu, iiiaicia/iu e a ooaa?aeaea-
thuae oi?ia. AEaeaoaeueii eeeaioo aiai?eoue oi, /oi aeiiioeca? io
iaai oi/ao, a ia oi, /oi eeeaio aeaeaoue ia aeieaeai, oi anoue a eiiai-
aeao aeiiioeca?a ia aeieaeia ano?a/aoueny /anoeoea , iai?eia?:

anee iaaei, /oiau eeeaio cae?ue aeaca, oi iai?aaeeueii aiai?eoue:

, a iaaei eae au aacaae-
?anii e iaii?aaeaeaiii aiai?eoue: (aeaeaa nea-
aeoao oneeeaathuee aiooaiea aeeeiiue caaie, eioi?ue eeeaio ooo
aea aaoiiaoe/anee neiie?oao).

E?iia auoaoeacaiiuo ineoioeceieiae/aneeo niiniaia oaea?-
aeaiey e ?acaeoey eiioaeoa ecaanoiue niaoeeaeeno a iaeanoe ?ac-
aaaeee ?. ?iiei (1998) oeacuaaao ia neaaeothuea:

I?eee/iia iaoa?eaeueiia iiiu?aiea.
Acaeiiay iiiiuue.
Iaoiae .
No?aoii oa?ic eee aiciacaeey.
Ineoii?ia?aiie?iaaiea.

Iaoa?eaeueiia aiciaa?aaeaeaiea yaeyaony naiaai ?iaea iiaeieou-
aathuei oaeoi?ii, niioonoaothuei anai i?i/ei noeioeai. Iii
aeieaeii auoue oi?ioi i?iaeoiaiiui (/oiau ia inei?aeoue ),
caiaoii eciaiyaiui (a caaeneiinoe io iieaciinoe ?aaiou) e ii-
oeiaeueiui (/oiau ia ia?aeoieee ae?oaea).

Acaeiiiiiiuue iiae?acoiaaaao aeoeaiia niaeaenoaea a ?aoaiee
?acee/iuo aeaeiauo e ee/iinoiuo i?iaeai iauaeoa (ea?uea?a,
, iieaciua ciaeiinoaa, aeioiaeiua eiio?aeou). Yoi naia-
ia?aciay caiaia i?yiiai iaoa?eaeueiiai aiciaa?aaeaeaiey.

Oaeoeea iniiauaaaony ia nicaeaiee o
aia/aoeaiey i cia/eoaeueiinoe aai ?aaiou n ii?aeueiie eee eaeai-
eiae/aneie oi/ae c?aiey. Yoi caiaoii iiauoaao naiioaaaeaiea e
iau/ii yooaeoeaiaa, /ai noeioeyoeey iaeiie eeoue ieaoie.

I?e oaea?aeaiee no?aoii aiciacaeey oa?ica aiciacaeey aeneo eae
iaae ee/iinoueth , oae e iaae aai aeeceeie.
?anieaoa ooo iiaeao i?aaeiieaaaoueny:

– ca i?ioeua a?aoe ii ioiioaieth e eiio-eeai;

– ca yaiia i?aaeaoaeuenoai ;

– ca i/aaeaeioth eciaio iiaui oicyaaai.

Aeey yooaeoeaiinoe iiaeiaiuo oa?ic iaiaoiaeei i?iecaiaeyuee
aia/aoeaiea eiii?iiao, iieo/aiiue a i?ioeanna ?ac?aaioee /a-
eiaaea (ec yieciaeia i?ioeie aeecie…), a oaeaea i?e acaeiiaeae-
noaee n iei (ii?aaeaeaiii iai?iuaaiua aeoeee i?ioea ,
naeaeaoaeuenoaa nayce e ae?.). Aeiaaai/iui iiaenoaae-
aathuei iiiaioii caeanue yaeyaony ia?eiaee/aneia iaauaiea
ioaeaoue aio eiii?iiaoe?othuea aai iaoa?eaeu.

Ciiae?iaaiea iiae?acoiaaaao eneonnoaaiiia ioeeth/aiea ee/-
,>.–.s iie aiee /aeiaaea n aani?aeineiaiui iiae/eiaieai i?e-
IJL162JJ eacai naiaai oicyeia. Inouanoaeyaony ciiae?iaaiea ii-

n?aaenoaii e ia?ai?ia?aiie?i-
aaieai eo ia niaoeeoe/aneee ?aaeei ?aaiou, a oaeaea iooai ia?ai?ia?aiie?iaaiey n eniieueciaaieai iiiainooiai/a-
oiai aeiiica.

4. Onoaiiaeaiea ?aiii?oa (oi?aaeythuaai aicaeaenoaey): ”

Eoae, onoaiiaea eiioaeo e oaea?aeeaay aieiaiea ia ea-
eii-eeai , iioaiiee i?aaei?eieiaao ?yae aeaenoaee, oea-
eueth eioi?uo yaeyaony noaeaiea iiey aeoeaiiai aieiaiey
‘ e ia?aaiae aai ia?oeaioeee (i?aaiia /oanoa) e niciaiey n aiaoieo oae-
oi?ia aini?eyoey ia oeene?iaaiiua iioaiieeii aioo?aiiea iuo-
uaiey e ia?acu. Aiai?y ycueii NE-iaoee, niciaiea eeeaioa ia?a-
aiaeeony ec ?aaeeia ?aaiou n aeiieie?iaaieai eaaiai (aiaeeoeei-
eiae/aneiai) iieooa?ey a ?aaeei ?aaiou n aeiieie?iaaieai i?aaiai
iieooa?ey iicaa (eiooeoeaii-ia?aciiai e yiioeeiiaeueiiai).

A NE-iaoea n/eoatho, /oi aeaiueiu a iniiaiii aieaa i?aaiii-
eooa?iu, /ai ioae/eiu. Iineieueeo iiiaea aeaiueiu io i?e?i-
aeu aieaa i?aae?aniieiaeaiu e ycueo /oanoa, eiooeoeee e ia?acia,
eiaiii aeaiueiu e iiae?inoee eaa/a anao iiaeaeathony oeuaaineiio
aeiiico, oi anoue eaa/a anaai n iiiiuueth ia?aoiaeyo
n aiaoiaai ia aioo?aiiaa eio?iniaeoeaiia ie?iaini?eyoea, /oi
e aaaeao eo e eee i?inoi aacaeoiiiio iiaaaeaieth n no-
aeaiiui niciaieai e n ooa?ae o?acaiai eiio?iey iaae i?ienoiaey-
uae n ieie neooaoeeae.

Aaaeiui nae?aoii oee/iiai aeiiica yaeyaony oiaiea iioai-
ieea /oanoaiaaoue eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoue /aeiaaea, iniaaiiinoe ie?i-
aini?eyoey e i?iaiice?oaiiai iiaaaeaiey eiaiii yoiai eiie?ao-
iiai /aeiaaea. O iiuoiiai oee/iiai iioaiieea ieeiaaea iao ia-
uae noaiu aeiiioecaoeee, o iaai anoue oieueei iauay oeaeaaay noaia
anaai , anoue caaea/a iaiaiooue e /oi-oi eiie?aoiia au-
aeo?eoue; anoue iauee noeaia?ee anaai aeaenoaa, a eioi?ii aeiiico io-
aaaeaia eeoue aniiiiaaoaeueiay ?ieue iiauoaiey oi?aaeyaiinoe
. Yoio aaeeeee nae?ao aicaeaenoaey ia /aeiaaea oai, /oi
ii o/anoaoao a niaoeeaeueiii aeiiiaaiiii eieeaeoeaiii ?eooa-
ea, oea?aiiiee eee ia?yaea, oaioea, oi?iaii iaiee, ea?a, niaeoae-
ea e o. ae., ciaee ae?aaia?onneea ae?aoeu e iacuaaee yoi . Iiyoiio oeuaaia ana aeaeatho , a ianoao
neiieaiey iiiaeo ethaeae – o oieaa?iaaia, ia aiecaeao e o. ae.

Oeuaaia i?ioeiai aaea ?ac?aaioaee ianeieueei niiniaia one-
eaiey ?aiii?oa n aeaaiui ineoieiae/aneei i?eaiii, eioi?ue
caeeth/aeny a onoaiiaeaiee eiioaeoa, i?eaea/aiee e oeenaoeee
aieiaiey ia , e caoai eiio?ieue e oaea?aeaiea
aieiaiey eioa ia yoie i?eiaiea aei iiyaeaiey i?eciaeia oae ia-
cuaaaiiai noaeaiiiai ninoiyiey niciaiey. Oaeie iaoiae aaia?aoeee
o?aina aue nicaeai aua ae?aaia?onneeie ae?aoeaie, eioi?ua caia-
oeee, /oi onoie/eaia oaea?aeaiea aieiaiey /aeiaaea ia eaeii-
ieaoaeue aiaoiai eee aioo?aiiai iauaeoa noaeaao iiea aeoeaiiai
niciaiey /aeiaaea e eciaiyao aai i?eaioaoeeth n aini?eyoey aiao-
iaai ie?a ia aini?eyoea aioo?aiiaai ie?a. Iiyaeyaony eciaiai-
iia ninoiyiea niciaiey, oeceieiae/aneie aacie eioi?iai yaeyao-
ny oeene?iaaiiia aieiaiea ii eaeiio-eeai i?aaio /oanoa, iai?e-
ia? c?aieth, neooo, caiaoo, i?eeiniiaaieth, iiaeaaeeaaieth ,.,–^
e o. ae. A yoii e aeaaiue nae?ao: ?aaioatho n aieiaieai, a E^aC]

eciaiaiey iieo/atho a niciaiee. A NE-iaoea yoio i?ioeann ia?aci-
aaiey e oneeaiey onoie/eaiai i/aaa aicaoaeaeaiey a ei?a aieiaii-
ai iicaa /aeiaaea iacuaaaony ia?aciaaieai aeiieiaiou. Aeiieiai-
oa iaeaaeaao i/aiue aaaeiui aeey oee/iuo aeiiioeca?ia naienoaii,
iia aaoiiaoe/anee (iiae/a?eeaath, naia e aaoiiaoe/anee!) oi?ii-
ceo e iiae/eiyao naaa ana ninaaeiea o/anoee ei?u aieiaiiai iicaa,
iinoaiaiii aueeth/aao ana i?aaiu /oanoa, e?iia neuoaiey oi?aa-
eythuaai aieina aeiiioeca?a, e oaeei ia?acii aaia?e?oao o?ain,
oi anoue iniaia eciaiaiiia ninoiyiea niciaiey n iieiui iiae/eia-
ieai aieino oee/iiai aeiiioeca?a.

Eae aeaeei, ca aiaoia i?inoie iaieioeyoeeae oeia e aeaeaa oaea?-
aeeaay acaeyae e aieiaiea ?acee/iie aieoiaiae i n iinoiyiiuie eiiaiaeaie , e o. ae., oeuaaiea onoaiaaeeaaao ?aiii?o e aaia-
?e?oao o?ain e oi?aaeaiea iiaaaeaieai ii auoaiauyniai-
iiio oeceieiae/aneiio iaoaiecio. Iinoaiaiii c?a/ee ?an-
oe?ythony, acaeyae oeene?oaony e noaiiaeony , ia-
nooiaao eaaeee ooiai a aieiaa, e noaiiaeony .
Ana yoi a?aiy oeuaaiea aaaeao naay i/a?iaaoaeueii neiiaoe/ii, eae
aoaeoi i/a?iaaiea aeaaii ianooieei e iinoiyiii ia?anoaao.

*anoi /a?ac noaeaiea iiey aieiaiey aeinoeaaaony
iinoaiaiii, /a?ac oneeaiea ioaeiuo aeiiioeca?o ?aaeoeee ,
a caoai oeenaoeee aai aieiaiey ia /ai-eeai aioo?aiiai – ainii-
ieiaiee, iuouaiee e o. ae., e oaeei ia?acii aicieeathuee o?ain
neoaeeo eeoue oneeaieth iaaethaeaaiuo ?aaeoeee. Enoaoe, anee /aei-
aae nai e naaa i?eiaiyao auoaiienaiioth oaoieeo oeenaoeee aie-
iaiey ia eaeii-eeai aiaoiai eee aioo?aiiai iauaeoa, oi oaeie
o?ainaaiiue i?ioeann eciaiaiey niciaiey iacuaaaony iaaeeoaoeeae.

5. Eiaeoeoeey o?aina.

Oeuaaineia i/a?iaaiea iino?iaii ia neiaaniie e oeceieiae-
/aneie iiaeno?ieea e iiaaaeaieth eeeaioa, e /a?ac ?acaiai? iaania-
/eaaaony ieaaiue ia?aoiae io iau/iiai ninoiyiey e o?aino aeeth-
/aieai a ?a/ue anao i?ienoiaeyueo yaeaiee eae ai aiaoiai ie?a,
oae e a ninoiyiee e iiaaaeaiee eeeaioa. I?e yoii eniieuecothony
neaaeothuea iniiaiua ineoioaoieee: , , , , , , , e ae?.

Oeuaaineia i/a?iaaiea – yoi iaeii ec aeieiae/anee anoanoaai-
iuo ninoiyiee /aeiaaea, eioi?ia oa?aeoa?ecoaony iaeioi?uie ini-
auie eciaiaieyie a ooieoeeiie?iaaiee ineoeee e oeceieiaee /a-
eiaaea. Aeaaiay iniaaiiinoue oeuaaineeo o?ainiauo ninoiyiee – yoi
ia?aie/aiea aeoeaiiai aiaoiaai iiey aieiaiey aei. ineoioecei-
eiae/anee aiciiaeiiai ieieioia e ia?ai?eaioaoeee ineoe/aneie
aeoeaiinoe ia aioo?aiiea ineoe/aneea i?ioeannu e iuouaiey.
Iiaeii ia?acii neacaoue oae: eo/ i?iaeaeoi?a aiaoiaai aieiaiey
aeieaeai auoue ia?aiai?aaeai aioo?ue, ai aioo?aiiee ie? /aeiaaea.

Naiuie caiaoiuie i?eciaeaie oeuaaineiai i/a?iaaiey ya-
eythony eaaeia caie?aiea, ?anoe?aiea aeac e eo niaoeeoe/aneia

s au?aaeaiea ( eee iooiue acaeyae), eaaeia
|[l64jj ?anneaaeaiea e eciaiaiea oeia aeuoaiey, eaaeia eciaia-

iea oeaaoa eiaee eeoea (iiaeaaeiaiea eee iie?aniaiea), aiciiaeiay
eaoaeainey eee yaii aanniciaoaeueiua aaoiiaoeciu (iai?iecaieue-
iua aeaeaeaiey).

O /aeiaaea aeaa neaiaeueiua nenoaiu, iiyoiio iaaaaeaiea oeu-
aaineiai i/a?iaaiey auiieiyaony ii niciaoaeueiiio o?iaith e aan-
niciaoaeueiiio, oi anoue /a?ac neiaanioth iiaeno?ieeo e ianeiaan^
ioth iiaeno?ieeo e aaaeaiea (aeuoaiea, ieieea, yiioeee, iica, aean-
oeeoeyoeey e o. ae.).

Ianooieaiea eciaiaiiiai ninoiyiey ineoioeceieiaee
oeuaaia ioia/atho aeey naay ii iaaethaeaaiui iaeaieaa caiaoiui
i?eciaeai o?aina. Naiui aaaeiui i?eciaeii oiai, /oi , yaeyaony eaaeay oeenaoeey acaeyaea n ?anoe?aieai c?a/-
eia e iiyaeaoaeny ai acaeyaea, caiaoiie oieueei iiuoiiio oee/-
iiio aeiiioeca?o, aeuieie. Aoi?ui, oaea aieaa caiaoiui e aaae-
iui i?eciaeii, yaeyaony iaaethaeaaiia a iica, ni-
i?iaiaeaeathuaany oniieiaieai e aeaaea caie?aieai aeuoaiey
. O?aoueei caiaoiui i?eciaeii ianooiathuaai o?ana yaey-
aony /anoi iaaethaeaaiia eaaeia iie?aniaiea eee iiaeaaeiaiea eeoea
. Aia/aea aai eeoei ?anneaaeyaony, /oi au?aaeaaony a ieie-
ea: ?acaeaaeeaathony ii?ueiu, e aeaca iie?uaathony niaoeeoe/a-
neei aeaneii. O iaeioi?uo ethaeae a yoio iiiaio aeaca noaiiayony
eae au (ii-oeuaainee – ), ?aniooei
yoi iacuaae , a O?aeae – . O ia-
eioi?uo ethaeae iaaethaeathony i?eciaee aeoeaiiai o?aina (aeoea-
iiai NE), eioi?ua au?aaeathony a o/auaiee aeuoaiey e na?aeoeaae-
aiey, eaaeinoe e iaaaniiinoe ai anai oaea eee oieueei a ?oeao.

O iaeioi?uo iaeaieaa aeiiaaaeueiuo eeoe, eiaaea oeuaaiea oaa-
oaao eo ca ?oeo, iuoaynue iaaycaoue aaaeaiea, iaaethaeaaony yooaeo
aineiaeaeiie aeaeinoe e canouaaiey ?oee, /oi oa?aeoa?ii oaea aeey
n?aaeiae aeoaeiu o?aina-eaoaeainee. Aeuoaiea iaaethaeaaony aieaa
?aaeeei e aieaa aeoaieei, iioiaeei ia aeuoaiea /aeiaaea ai nia.

A iaeioi?uo neo/ayo iaaethaeaaony aeoaieia caie?aiea, i?a-
e?auaiea i?iecaieueiuo aeaeaeaiee, ioeaiaiaiea e iaiiaeaeaeiinoue,
ia eeoea eiaea noaiiaeony aeaaeiie aieioue aei iioeeainoe.

Eiiaaea a ianneaiuo aa?eaioao o?aina iaaethaeaaony iieiia iu-
oa/iia ?anneaaeaiea ai anae iica, o/auaaony ieaaiea aeac, aeaca
ioe?uaathony n niiiie caaea?aeeie, aiciiaeiu caaaiey e aeaaea cae-
?uoea aeac e canuiaiea. Auaaao aeaaea i/aiue auno?ia ,
e i?iaaeeaaaony a aeoaieee o?ain. A auaaao, a aeoeaiuo aa-
?eaioao o?aina iaaethaeaaony inoaeeaiaiea acaeyaea, o?aaeaiea ie-
aaiey e iaeioi?ua iai?iecaieueiua iainiciaaaaiua aeaeaeaiey: iae-
eea aeaeaeaiey – iiae?aaeaaiea iaeueoeaa, eenoae, noii, naeaouaaiea
nethiu, e e?oiiua aaoiiaoeciu – acae?aaeaaiea anaai oaea, iaeei-
iu oaea (oaiiiai o?aia?a EiaaiianeiaI), eeaaiey eee iiai?iou
aieiau, no?aiiua caiaaeeaiiua aeaeaeaiey ?oeaie e o. ae.

A ianneaiuo NE i?e cae?uaaiee aeac ioia/aaony iinoaiai-
iia i?ae?auaiea iaeeiai iiae?aaeaaiey ?anieoe, anyeeo aeioa-
oaeueiuo aeaeaeaiee, , ii/anuaaiee e o. ae.,oi anoue oi-
?ioi iaaethaeaaony ?acaeoia oi?iiaeaiea anao iniiaiuo e ineoe-
/aneeo e oeceieiae/aneeo ooieoeee.

Aeaaiui ineoieiae/aneei i?eaiii eiaeoeoeee oee/ii- />.–^
ai aeiiica ia yoie noaaeee yaeyaony iacaiaoiia anoaaeaiea lu^S^

a naith ?a/ue oeene?othueo eiaee?othueo niiauaiee i oao
i?eciaeao aeoeaiiai eee ianneaiiai NE, eioi?ua oeuaaiea a aeai-
iue iiiaio o iaai iaaethaeaao. A ?acoeueoaoa oaeie ne?uoie noaaan-
oee iaaethaeathony ana aieaa au?aaeaiiua iauaeoeaiua i?eciaee aua
aieueoaai oaeoaeaiey ianooiathuaai NE. Aea e ieiioiaeii i?iecia-
naiiua neiaa noaaanoee ia aucuaatho iiaeic?aiee, oae eae oeuaaiea
a?iaea aiai?eo i?aaaeo. Oaeea ioaea/aiey niciaiey a ie? aioo?ai-
ieo ia?aaeeaaiee oeuaaia iacuaatho .

Oaeei ia?acii, aoyaeaay a ?acaiai? ii aai eee a eaeia-ieaoaeue naa?oauaiaeiia aeey iaai ia?ii?eyoea,
oeuaaia aia/aea i?eaeaeatho aieiaiea , a caoai, oeene?oy
iiyaeythueany i?eciaee , cae?aieytho ?acaeaath-
ueeny o?ain, i?aa?auay iau/iue oee/iue eiioaeo oaea a iya-
eee e iacaiaoiue oi?aaeythuee ?aiii?o, aeaeaa oeuaaiea auiie-
iyao caaeoiaiiua ii noeaia?eth aeaenoaey e ooiaeeo, aeinoeaioa nai-
ae oeaee e ?acoeueoaoa.

Aeoeaiia NE o iaeioi?uo aini?eei/eauo naa?oaeiiaaaeueiuo
ethaeae iiaeao ?acaeoueny aei oaeie aeoaeiu, /oi o ieo a yoio ii-
iaio aicieeatho niiiaiaoee/aneea oaiiiaiu, oa?aeoa?iua aeey
aeoaieiai NE. A NE-iaoea ?acee/atho aeaa aeaea niiiaiaoeecia –
aeoeaiue e ianneaiue. Aeoeaiue niiiaiaoeeci auaaao oaeaea
aeaoo aeaeia – aanniciaoaeueiue (, eee eoiaoeci)
e naa?oniciaoaeueiue. Anee oeuaaiea aeiaeeanue aanniciaoaeueiiai ni-
iiaiaoee/aneiai NE, oi noaiiaeony /aeiaaeii-aaoiiaoii,
ie/aai ia iiieiathuei, ie/aai ia aeaeyuei e ia neuoauei, e?i-
ia aieina oeuaaiee. Aeaca o oaeiai oe?iei ?ane?uou e in-
oaeeaiaei iaiiaeaeaeiu, ii noieo iaiiaeaeaeii, eae aeiiaiiue,
eee eaeao , ie/aai ia niia?aaeay, oae eae
ei?a aieiaiiai iicaa, ii?aaeaeythuay aai aeoeaiia niciaiea, io-
eeth/aia iieiinoueth, e iica ?aaioaao a ?aaeeia aanniciaoaeueiiai,
ii n iaeiei aeoeaiui o/anoeii iicaa – ciiie ?aiii?oa n oeuaai-
eie. Iiyoiio aeaeaeaiey iinyo eneonnoaaiiue oa?aeoa? e
aai iiaaaeaiea iieiinoueth iiae/eiaii oeuaaiea; a yoii ninoiyiee oeu-
aaiea iiaeao naia nieiaoue n eieueoea, oeaii/ee, /anu, oai-
eo, ooao, auoaneeaaoue eioaeae e o. ae., e ieeae ia aini?i-
oeaeony, aieaa oiai, iinea auoiaea ec o?aina ii ia aoaeao iiiieoue,
/oi n iei a yoio iiiaio auei.

Naa?oniciaoaeueiue niiiaiaoeeci oa?aeoa?ecoaony aeeth/aie-
ai e aeoeaiie ?aaioie eae niciaiey (ei?u aieiaiiai iicaa), oae e
iiaeniciaiey (aeoaieeo no?oeoo? aieiaiiai iicaa). I?e yoii eaaia
e i?aaia iieooa?ey iicaa ?aaioatho neio?iiii e iaeeiaeiai aeoea-
ii, ii oai ia iaiaa ciia ?aiii?oa nio?aiyaony e aeaaea aaoiiaoe/an-
ee oe?aieyaony, iiyoiio i?iaeieaeaao iieiinoueth
iiae/eiyoueny eiiaiaeai oeuaaiee, oioy oi?ioi aeaeeiuo i?eciaeia
o?aina iiaeao oaea e ia iaaethaeaoueny, ?acaa /oi eiiaaea inoaaony ii-
/oe iacaiaoiay caoi?iiaeaiiinoue a aeaeaeaieyo e niaa?oaiii iaca-
iaoiay iaiiuoiiio iaaethaeaoaeth a aeacao.

A niiiaiaoee/aneeo NE iiaeao n/eoaoue oeuaaieo ethae-
iie nano?ie, i?eaanoe aa aeiiie, iia?oceoue a oaene eo/oea aaue e
ni?yoaiiua oeaiiinoe e i?iaiaeeoue, o?iaaoaeueii iaieiay e oeaeoy ia
.–.s aeacao o ninaaeae, e ieeiio a aieiao ia i?eaeao, /oi caeanue /oi-
[166 E oi ia oae, oae eae aiaoieo, caiaoiuo iinoi?iiiei i?ecia-

eia o?aina iao ieeaeeo. Iauyniyaony yoi oaeeaeoaeueiia iiaaaeaiea
niiiaiaoeu aiciiaeiinoueth a yoii ninoiyiee iaiaia /oanoa, eioi-
?ue a NE-iaoea iacuaaaony . Iieiaeeoaeueiua aaeethoeeia-
oeee – yoi eiaaea eeeaioo i?aaeeaaatho oaeaeaoue, oneuoaoue eee ii/oa-
noaiaaoue (caiao, aeon, i?eeiniiaaiea, aea?, oieiae, aieue e o. ae.) oi,
/aai ia naiii aeaea iao. Eeeaio ii eiiaiaea iiaeao aeaeaoue, neuoaoue
e /oanoaiaaoue ana, /oi aio i?eeaaeao oee/iue aeiiioeca?, oioy yoiai
a i?e?iaea e iao, -‘ aio yoi e iacuaaaony aiooaiiie iieiaeeoaeueiie
aaeethoeeiaoeeae. A io?eoeaoaeueiay aaeethoeeiaoeey – yoi eiaaea aei-
iioeca? aeaao eiiaiaeo eeeaioo, /oi oio ia aeaeeo eee ia neuoeo, eee
ia /oanoaoao /oi-oi ec oiai, /oi ia naiii aeaea nouanoaoao, ii aeey
aeiiioeea ia?anoaao nouanoaiaaoue; n yoiai iiiaioa ii aeaeeo,
neuoeo e /oanoaoao ana, e?iia cai?auaiiiai aeiiioeca?ii.

A niiiaiaoee/aneeo NE, e?iia ioia/aiiie ?aiaa e , ii aoo iaaethaeaoueny
(iaacaieeaaiea eee ); (caauaaiea i?ien-
oaaeoaai iinea auoiaea ec o?aina); (aeiii-
oeeo i?e aiooaiiii ainiiieiaiee aeaonoaa eaaeaony, /oi aio
noieueei eao, neieueei aiooeo aeiiioeca?), (aeiii-
oeeo aeaeyony aiooaiiua aeooe eee i?ec?aee oia?oeo), (aeiiioeeo aeaeyony eiiieaiaoiua ei?aaee e eiiieaia-
oyia, eee aio eaaeaony, /oi ii anooiee a eiioaeo n Einie/aneei
?acoiii, eiiieaiaoyiaie, ae?oaei ie?ii e o. ae. e o. i.), (aeiiioeeo aeaeyony ecia?aaeaiey e ea?oeiu i?ienoi-
aeyuaai a ae?oaeo ianoao), (aeiiioeeo neuoaony
/oaeea eee ciaeiiua aieina, eioi?ua aio /oi-oi yeiau niiaua-
tho), (aeiiioee ia?anoaao iuouaoue aan ?oe e iia eee
ia /oanoaoao anaai oaea, e aio aeaaea eaaeaony, /oi ii eaoaao, ioi-
?aaaoenue io caiee), (aeiiioeeo eaaeaony, /oi
/oi-oi aanoaeaniia a aeaea nianoaaiiie aeooe eee auoei ec
aai oaea, e ii aeaeeo naia oaei eae au ni noi?iiu eee iooaoanoao-
ao), (aeiiioeeo eaaeaony, /oi ii aeaeeo niau-
oey i?ioeiai e aoaeouaai e iiaeao i?aaeneacuaaoue). Nouanoaoao
aua i/aiue iiiai ?aciuo /oaea/anoa a iiaaaeaiee niiiaiaoe, ii na-
iua eioa?aniua – yoi , , e ae?.

O iaeioi?uo iino?aaeaaoeo, iiauaaaoeo a niiiaiaoee/aneii
NE, nionoy iaeioi?ia a?aiy iinea neo/eaoaainy ioe?uaathony
aae?oa iaiaeeaeaiiua niiniaiinoe a eeoa?aoo?a, iaoaiaoeea, ii-
ycee, ?eniaaiee, aeoa?neii ?aianea, nii?oa e o. ae. Yoi iauyniy-
aony , oi anoue oai, /oi iie iiauaaee e i?i/oa-
noaiaaee aeoaieia NE.

Oee/iua aeiiioeca?u e oeuaaia oi?ioi ciatho oaiiiaiieiaeth
aeoaieeo o?ainia, iiyoiio anee caia/atho i?eciae eaeiai-ieaoaeue
oaiiiaia, oi n?aco aea niinianoaotho aai ?acaeoeth, oai naiui ii-
a?oaeay eeeaioa a aua aieaa aeoaieia ninoiyiea o?aina. Oaeoaea-
iea eaaeiai o?aina oneeaieai iiyaeaoaainy aeiiioe/aneiai oa-
iiiaia – yoi naiue yooaeoeaiue oeuaaineee i?eai iieo/aiey
aeoaieiai aeiiica, iiyoiio yoio ae?aaia?onneee iaoiae acyee ia ai-
i?oaeaiea ia oieueei oeuaaia, a e iiiaea yno?aaeiua aeiiioe- ^–,.
ca?u, aeaaea iaeioi?ua a?a/e-aeiiioa?aiaaou e ineoieiae, lu^j

Nia?aiaiiua o/aiua-ineoieiae, eioi?ua eco/atho nae?aou
oeuaaineiai ineoieiae/aneiai aicaeaenoaey ia /aeiaaea, niaaootho
anth ineoioaoieeo iaaaaeaiey o?aina ?acaeoue ia ianeieueei aaae-
iuo iiiaioia:

– I?eaea/ue aieiaiea e aieoe a eiioaeo.

– Caoeene?iaaoue e oaea?aeaoue aieiaiea ia eaeii-eeai aiao-
iai eee aioo?aiiai iauaeoa eee yaeaiee, ia?aaeeaaiee e o. ae.

– Iino?ieoue ?aiii?o oae, /oiau ?acaeaeeoue niciaiea e iiaenic-
iaiea eeeaioa, iaeneiaeueii nocea iiea aeoeaiiai aieiaiey.

– Ia?aaanoe niciaiea a ?aaeei aioo?aiiaai iiuoa e aioo?ai-
ieo iuouaiee aei iiyaeaiey iaaeeoaoeaiuo i?eciaeia o?aina. Ca-
oeene?iaaoue e oaeoaeoue aicieeathuee o?ain. Eiaee?iaaoue e en-
iieueciaaoue o?ain a ioaeiuo aeiiioeca?o oeaeyo. I?iecaanoe iino-
aeiiioe/aneia eiaee?iaaiea ia noe?aiea neooaoeee.

O ae?aaieo ?onia nouanoaiaaea aa?a a oi, /oi a eaaeaeii /aeiaa-
ea aeeaao o?e ?aciua ee/iinoe. AE?aoeu auaeaeyee aiaoiaai /aei-
aaea, aioo?aiiaai /aeiaaea e iaaethaeaoaey. Aiaoiee /aeiaae –
yoi oio, eoi ?acaiaa?eaaao, aeoiaao, niciaoaeueii /oi-oi aeaeaao.
Aioo?aiiee /aeiaae – yoi aeinoaaoeeny iai io i?aaeeia iao i?aa-
ieci n aai aioo?aiieie aanniciaoaeueiuie ?anoeoaeueiuie e ?a-
aoee?othueie ooieoeeyie. Iaaethaeaoaeue – yoi enoeiiue aannia?-
oiue /aeiaae, eioi?ue neaaeeo e oi?aaeyao aiaoiei e aioo?aiiei
/aeiaaeii ii caeiiai Einiina. Anee ia?auo aeaoo ae?aaia?onneea
ae?aoeu ?aniieaaaee a iicao, oi o?aoueaai – a na?aeoea. Oaaaeay anao
o?ao, iaeaieueoaa i?aaeii/oaiea ana aea ioaeaaaee na?aeoeo; iiyoiio
anee /oi-oi auei ia ii na?aeoeo, oi yoiai ia aeaeaee.

A nia?aiaiiie NE-iaoea no?iaeie enneaaeiaaieyie iu iiae-
oaa?aeeee aeaenoaeoaeueiia nouanoaiaaiea a /aeiaaea eae ieieioi
o?ao ee/iinoae: niciaoaeueioth, iiaeniciaoaeueioth e iaaethaeaoaey
(naa?o-Yai). Eaaeaeay ec yoeo o?ao ee/iinoae iaeiia?aiaiii n aeao-
iy ae?oaeie ia?aaaouaaao anth, aac eneeth/aiey, aiaoithth e aioo-
?aiithth eioi?iaoeeth, eiaao naie nianoaaiiue iiuo e oa?aeoa?,
ii-naiaio aiaoeaaaony ai acaeiiia ninouanoaiaaiea e ?aaoeyoeeth
aioo?aiiae n?aaeu iauaai i?aaiecia. Eaaeaeay ec o?ao ee/iinoae
cia/eoaeueii aeeyao ia iiaaaeaiea, neiaa e iinooiee /aeiaaea.
O ?aciuo ethaeae yoe ee/iinoe ?acaeou ii-?aciiio- eaeay-oi
neeueiaa, eaeay-oi neaaaa. Ethaee, o eioi?uo a eo ineoioeceieiae-
/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe aeiieie?oao eaaia iieooa?ea eee ia?aay
ee/iinoue, aiaoia yaeythony o?aaiiaaoaiiuie, iuneyo eiae/an-
ee e aano?aeoii, o?acai ioeaieaatho i?ienoiaeyuaa. Ethaee, o eioi-
?uo aeiieie?oao i?aaia iieooa?ea eee aoi?ay ee/iinoue, a iniia-
iii aeeaoo /oanoaaie e eiooeoeeae. Ethaee, eioi?ui oaeaeinue on-
iaoii neio?iiece?iaaoue a aeoeaiii ?aaeeia iaa iaeeiaeiai
?aaioathueo iieooa?ey e iaeiia?aiaiii iieo/eoue aeoeaiia
eee aeoeaioth o?aoueth ee/iinoue, yaeythony naiu-
ie ioae?uie, aa?iiie/iuie ethaeueie.

Ana, /oi y ?anneacae i o?ao ee/iinoyo, ciaao, a ioee/ea io ia-
eioi?uo o/aiuo, eaaeaeue oee/iue aeiiioeca?, iiyoiio oeuaaia
ciatho, /oi aeaaea i/aiue a?aiioiue e i/aiue oiiue e oi?ioee /aei-
aae a o?aina niaoeeaeueiui aiooaieai iiaeao auoue ia?aaaaeai ai aoi-

s ?oth ee/iinoue, a cia/eo, noaoue – aanniaanoiui,
oe68]| ?aniooiui, ei?unoiui, aeaaeiui , /a-

eiaaeii , niiniaiui ia oaeia, /oi ieeiaaea au e ia
iiaeoiaee i iai. Iiyoiio eeoeai n iaonoie/eaie i?aanoaaiiinoueth
iaeuecy ieoue, oae eae aeeiaieueiue o?ain iiaeao i?eianoe ei aieue-
ooth aaaeo. Iaiy eiiaaea ni?aoeaatho, a eae ioee/eoue /aeiaaea i?aa-
noaaiiiai io eee ? ss anaaaea ioaa/ath
neiaaie Eenona, /oi iaaei iao/eoueny ene?aiii ethaeoue anao ethaeae,
eae naiiai naay. Ia ethaeoue e ia oaaaeaaoue ethaeae, cia/eo – , iaiaaeaeeoue e i?ace?aaoue ethaeae, cia/eo – ,
a anee ethaee oaay ?acae?aaeatho, cia/eo,ou aieai…
Enoaoe, oeuaaia e oee/iua aeiiioeca?u i/aiue ?acae?athony a eth-
aeyo, iniaaiii a eo i?aanoaaiiii niaea?aeaiee, iiyoiio aeey ieo ethaee
aaci?aanoaaiiua – yoi i?inoi iaoiaeea, caeanue e o?ain ia ioaeai, noea-
ia?ee n?aaaouaaao auno?i e ia 100%. Eae iu oaeaeei a eiioea eie-
ae ia eiie?aoiuo i?eia?ao, oeuaaia niaoeeaeueii aeey naieo
/anoi iiaeae?atho ethae ae n ?aioi/eieie>, aii?aeueiuo e i?iaeaae-
iuo, ca?aiaa niiniaiuo ?aaee auaiaeu ia ana: eae i?aaeei, n?aaee
eiiioienoia e aeaiie?aoia.

Iaeioi?ua /eoaoaee iiaoo iiaeoiaoue, io /oi yoi aaoi? ieoao
i i?aanoaaiiinoe e eaeia yoi eiaao ioiioaiea e oee/iiio eee
oeuaaineiio aeiiico? Ioaa/ath aua ?ac – naiia i?yiia. O iaeieo
?iaeeoaeae aei/ue a aeaeeioaea, oeea?iiiee eee einoeoooa, a o ae?o-
aeo – o iiae?oae eee ae?oaa; ia oaioeao a iicaeiaa a?aiy e a oaiiii
ia?ea eee aiiaua a eaeie-oi eaniiieina ia e?ath ai?iaea /oi-oi n
eai-oi ?anieaaao e o. ae. Oae eae au aeoiaaoa: aaea auoa aa?iyoiinoue
aaaeu? AEeciue iieacuaaao, /oi ai aoi?ii neo/aa aaaeu ia ieiiaaoue,
i?e/ai aac anyeiai aeiiica, aaaeue ia c?y a ?onneii ia?iaea aiai-
?yo: . Iiyoiio ?onneea nayuaiieee
e i?ecuaatho eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea iinoiyiii aeoiaoue i , oae eae /?ac-
ia?iua e eceeoiea iaoa?eaeueiua aeaaa ana ?aaii n/anouey e aeo-
oaaiie aa?iiiee ia i?eiinyo, a aeooo aoayo…

Nia?aiaiiua oee/iua aeiiioeca?u iia o/aiea i o?ao ee/iin-
oyo i?eiaiytho neaaeothuei ia?acii: iie i?e i?aaiecaoeee eiioae-
oa noa?athony ioaeaeeoue o?aoueth ee/iinoue (iau/iia niciaiea) io ia?-
aie ee/iinoe (naa?oniciaiey) e aoi?ie ee/iinoe (iiaeniciaiey).
Ia?aoth ee/iinoue iie oae?atho i?aaeeiaeaieai /aai-oi i/aiue ioae-
iiai eee i/aiue auaiaeiiai, a o?aoueth ee/iinoue iie ioaeaeytho io aoi-
?ie n iiiiuueth eioiiaoeee. Iai?eia?, oeuaaiea i?ieciineo neiaa:

e nae?oaie eioiiaoeeae: e o. i. Oaeei ia?acii, a oa/aiea ?acaiai?a oeu-
aaiea n iiiiuueth yoiai i?inoiai (iau/iui ethaeyi iaecaa-
noiiai) ianeieueei ?ac ?aciie eioiiaoeeae ?acaeaeyao e ?anuaieyao
niciaiea eeeaioa, onoaiaaeeaay oaeoe/anee aeaa ?aciuo ?acaiai-
?a – aeeaeiaa: iaeei ?acaiai? n iau/iui niciaieai (o?aoueae ee/ii-
noueth) e niaa?oaiii ae?oaie ?acaiai? n iiaeniciaieai (aoi?ie, iae-
aieaa neaaie e oycaeiie ee/iinoueth). Oieueei iinea 2-3 ?anuaiea-
iee niciaiey oeuaaiea ia?aoiaeeo ia aoi?oth eioiiaoeeth (eioiiaoeeth
iiaeniciaiey), e aiaeeoe/aneia niciaiea ooiaeeo, oi anoue aicieeaao
o?ain n oi?aaeythuei ?aiii?oii. E?iia eioiiaoeee iiuoiua oee/-
iua aeiiioeca?u eniieuecotho caaeooaaiinoue e a?iieinoue ai- eo/oa n?aaioae, iaaei aeaoue /aei-
aaeo ia?o ?ac aeaenoaeoaeueii /oi-oi auea?aoue ii iaei/ai, a iioii
aae?oa: ?ac! – e e?oiiue i?iea?uo! Oae /anoi caiaieaatho e iinoo-
iatho a ?aciiai ?iaea ea?oi/iuo ea?ao a iiacaea, ia aiecaea e o. ae.
eee a ?aciiai ?iaea oee/iuo eioa?ayo e ea?ao. A NE-iaoea yoio ine-
oioaoie/aneee i?eai-e?th/ie iacuaaaony .
Ae?oaie ?aciiaeaeiinoueth yoie oaoieee yaeyaony iaoiae , eioi?ue caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi oeuaaiea noa?aao-
ny iino?ieoue ?acaiai? oae, /oiau /aeiaae iaycaoaeueii n /ai-ieaoaeue
naiii/aaeaeiui niaeaneeny aeaa-o?e ?aca, oiaaea a i/a?aaeiie ?ac ii
ii/oe aaoiiaoe/anee iiyoue aiai?eo e niaeaoaaony, niaa?oai-
ii ia aiaeece?oy i/a?aaeiia i?aaeeiaeaiea. Aua iaeiie ?aciiaeaeii-
noueth yoie oaoieee yaeythony i?eaiu e , nooue eioi?uo caeeth/aaony
a oii, /oi oeuaaiea ia?o ?ac aiai?eo /aeiaaeo /oi-ieaoaeue i/aiue
i?eyoiia i aai aiaoiinoe eee aua i /ai-ieaoaeue, a eiaaea /aeiaae
n?aaae?iaae (e oieueei i?e ?aaeoeee), i?aaeeaaaao /oi-oi eee . Niune anao yoeo oaoiee caeeth/aaony a oii,
/oi aeaaiia i?aaeeiaeaiea n?aco iau/ii ia i?aaeeaaaao-
ny, a aia/aea eeeaioa iiaea?eaie eee oai, /oi aei-
aeaathony, /oiau ii oioue a /ai-oi n oeuaaieie oaea niaeaneeny e aio
noaei i?eyoii n iae iauaoueny. I?e eiaeoeoeee o /aeiaaea o?aina oeu-
aaiea iiyoue i?eiaiyao yoio i?eioeei, aia/aea oeene?oao aieia-
iea eeeaioa ia anai, /oi aeaenoaeoaeueii i?ienoiaeeo ii anai i?aa-
iai /oanoa (c?aieth, neooo, iiouaieyi, caiaoai e o. ae.), ii anaio,
/oi’oaea anoue, a iioii, ?anuaieyy niciaiea, aaiaeeo eioi?iaoeeth ii
/enoi aioo?aiiei iuouaieyi, eioi?uo aua iao, ii iiyaeaiea eee
ia?anoaiea eioi?uo auciaao o?ain.

Oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiai a oeuaaineii oee/iii aeiiica ethaeae i/aiue caiyouo e ia naiai caiyoee iaeneiaeueii ni-
n?aaeioi/aiiuo, e anee oeuaaiea aeaeeo, /oi /aeiaae /oi-oi aioo?ai-
ia, yiioeeiiaeueii, eae au ia io ie?a naai, a yoio iiiaio ia?aaeeaa-
e,–e ao, – iia iiieiaao, /oi /aeiaae oaea i?aauaaao a iaaeeoa-
[IITOJJ oeaiii o?aina. Oe-uaaia aiai?yo: ,

iiyoiio oeaeue aeaiue iie iiaoo oiaeeoue ii ?aciui ianoai, iiea oa-
eiai /aeiaaea, oaea i?aauaathuaai a o?aina, ia oaeaeyo. Oeuaaia cia-
tho iaeei i/aiue aieueoie nae?ao aeey oaeeo neooaoeee: ieacuaaaony,
oaeie /aeiaae niaa?oaiii aaoiiaoe/anee au-
iieieo ethaoth ianeiaeioth i?inueao, i?iecianaiioth ieiioiaeii.
Iai?eia?, neaeeo ia neaiaeea aieiaoaeueii /eoathuay aeaaooea, ia
eieaiyo aea?aeeo noii/eo, a ?oeao eieao e oae yiioeeiiaeueii ia?a-
aeeaaao /eoaaiia, /oi yoi iaienaii o iaa ia eeoea. I?ioiaeyuay ieii
oeuaaiea oeoi aiai?eo: – e i?ioyaeaaao ?oeo e noii/ea, oiaaea aeaaooea niaa?oaiii
iaoeiaeueii, aaoiiaoe/anee e aanniciaoaeueii i?ioyaeaaao noii/-
eo oeuaaiea, iie/a e ia io?uaay aeac io eieae. Oeuaaiea aa?ao no-
ii/eo e ooiaeeo. A NE-iaoea yoio oaiiiai iauyniyaony oai, /oi a
oaeii ninoiyiee iiaeniciaiea /aeiaaea ana neuoeo! E niiniaii ii-
ieii niciaiey iai?yioth anooiaoue a eiioaeo.

Ia oaiiiaia iino?iaiu e ana neo-
/ae , eiaaea oeuaaiea eee ai? iaoiaeyo caae-
?aiaaoaai /aeiaaea e i?inouie aii?inaie, eioi?ua i?aaeiieaaa-
tho oieueei ei?ioeee ioaao , iiaeno?aeaathony e aai iiaenicia-
ieth, caoai i?inyo /oi-ieaoaeue ec aauae, aa?oo eo e niieieii
ooiaeyo, a iannaaee? i?iaeieaeaao niaoue, eae e niae, ie/aai iioii
ia iiiiy. E aeaaea anee ieeeoeeiia?, iuoaynue iiii/ue, aoaeao ?an-
ni?aoeaaoue, eae aea auaeyaeaea ai?iaea, oi iioa?iaaoee aniii-
ieoue /oi-oi ec ?acaiai?a ia niiaeao, /anoi ia iiiiyo aeaaea nai oaeo
?acaiai?a, a ia oi /oiau aai niaea?aeaiea…

Eae y oaea ioia/ae, anoue ethaee n ?acaeoui aiia?aaeaieai e ii-
auoaiiie /oanoaeoaeueiinoueth – yoi, eae i?aaeei, oi?ioi aio-
oaaiua e aeiiaaaeueiua ethaee. Iiyoiio e oaeei ethaeyi aeey ei-
aeoeoeee o?aina oee/iua aeiiioeca?u /anoi i?eiaiytho oaoieeo
oaiiiaiia, eioi?ay caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi na-
iay yooaeoeaiay e auno?ay eiaeoeoeey aicieeaao oiaaea, eiaaea o
/aeiaaea a ?acoeueoaoa iau/iiai eiioaeoa aicieeatho iaeaieaa
/anoi ano?a/athueany a aeaea ?acaeaath-
uaeny eaoaeainee eee aic?anoiie ?aa?annee, eee aioo?aiieo aae-
ethoeeiaoeee. ss oaea ia ?ac aiai?ee, /oi oee/iue aeiiic i?eiaiy-
tho oieueei i?e iaee/ee i?eciaeia ?aaae?iaaiey, e anee /aeiaae
ia ia/aoue ?acaiai?, oi oeuaaia i?aaeii/eoatho n
iei ana?ueac ia naycuaaoueny, e /aeiaae oiaaea ioaeaeuaaaony i?i-
noui aaaeaieai e iioa?ae iacia/eoaeueiie noiiu aeaiaa. Ii anee o
/aeiaaea noaee i?iyaeyoueny , oi caioneaaony a iieiii iauaia. Oeuaaia aeaaii caiaoeee, /oi
/aeiaa/aneea eeethcee e aaeethoeeiaoeee, eioi?ua e oi?ie?otho yo-
oaeo , eae i?aaeei, aicieeatho o /oanoaeoaeueiuo
eeoe n ?acaeoui aiia?aaeaieai, iniaaiii o aeaoae e iieiaeuo aeai-
uei, ai a?aiy i?ioeanna iuneaiiiai i?aaeinoaaeaiey eaeie-eeai
ea?oeiu eee neooaoeee (ii i?inueaa aeiiioeca?a) eee a i?ioeanna
ainiiieiaiey i /ai-eeai oi?ioi ciaeiiii, eee n yeaiaioaie
oaioacee. Iiyoiio naiue ?ani?ino?aiaiiue iaoiae eiaeoeoeee
o?aina /a?ac – yoi iaoiae aucuaaiey
o /aeiaaea ainiiieiaiee, oaioacee e i?aaenoaaeaiee. Neaaeoy ei-
aeea yoie ineoioaoieee, caaea/a oee/iiai aeiiioeca?a ni- e–>

noieo a oii, /oiau naiei aii?inii canoaaeoue eeeaioa /oi-oi 1 oe71 ]

aniiiieoue, e aeaeaoaeueii iiiiae?iaiaa. Nouanoaoao iaeii oeuaaineia
iaaethaeaiea, /oi noa?ua ethaee eo/oa aniiieiatho niauoey i?ioei-
ai, ethaee n?aaeiaai aic?anoa eo/oa aniiieiatho niauoey ianoiyua-
ai, a iieiaeaaeue eo/oa aniiieiaao aeaonoai e niauoey iaaeaaiaai i?i-
oeiai. Iiyoiio ni noa?uie ethaeueie caaiaeyo ?acaiai? i niauoeyo
eo iieiaeinoe – oeeueiao, a?oenoao, iaaoeao, i /ai-oi i/aiue i?e-
yoiii e naioeiaioaeueiii (naaaeueaa, ?iaeaeaiea nuia eee aei/a?e
e o. ae.), a n ethaeueie n?aaeiaai aic?anoa iau/ii caoaaatho ?acaiai? ia
eo naaiaeiyoieo i?iaeaiao, i /ai-oi i?eyoiii ec eo iineaaeiaai
ioionea (ianie, nieioea, aiaea), ia aano?aeoii-?aeeaeiciuo aeaeaie-.
yo e i?aaenoaaeaieyo (ano?a/a n IEI), i iieiauo iuouaieyo e i?i-
aeaiao e ae?. *oi eanaaony aeaoae, oi o ieo o anao aicieeaao o?ain io
iaeiie oeenaoeee aeac eee oeenaoeee aieiaiey, aeaeaa oaea ana neiaa
oee/iiai aeiiioeca?a aini?eieiathony eae aiooaiey. A /oi eana-
aony i/aiue iaeaiueeeo aeaoae, oi iie io ?iaeaeaiey iaoiaeyony oaea a
?aiii?.oa ni anai ie?oaeathuei ie?ii, oae eae aeaonoai – yoi aaie-
aeueiue o?ain, i?eaeoiaiiue i?e?iaeie aeey iiaeeecaoeee ?aca?aiuo
aiciiaeiinoae. Iai, ac?ineui, neaaeoao i/aiue inoi?iaeii e i?iaeo-
iaiii ?acaiaa?eaaoue n aeaoueie – aaaeue iaoe neiaa e iinooiee oee-
ne?othony eo o?ainiaui niciaieai n aaeeeith neeie e iaanaaaea,
iiyoiio oeuaaiea o aeaoae n?aco, iaeieie neiaaie, iiaeao noi?ie-
?iaaoue ethaoth aaeethoeeiaoeeth. Eiaiii yoei naienoaii aeaoae e ia-
eioi?uo ethaeae – /oi io ieo iaeeaeaaoue, oi iie e aeaeyo, – iauyn-
iythony neo/ae n IEI e o. ae.

Anee au oioue iaeei nioeeieia ca anth enoi?eth nioeeieiaee ia aue
au aaniethoiui eaeeioii e i?ioiaeeioeai, oi, iaaa?iia, aeaaii au oaea
iiiye oi, /oi ciaao eaaeaeue oeuaai: ethaie /aeiaae neeiiai niaea-
oaoueny e ?aaae?iaaoue a ioaeiii aai iai?aaeaiee, iiyoiio nioeei-
eiae/aneea ii?inu ianaeaiey, au?aaeathuea ii oie eee eiie i?iaeaia, – yoi iieiia eaeeionoai e iaciaiea
naiae i?ioannee. Aaniethoii ana ii?inieee – yoi ieiae aieueiiai ai-
ia?aaeaiey eo aaoi?ia-oa?eaoaiia. Enoaoe, iao oaeie iaoee –
, iiyoiio ana yoe oaeaye?aiiua – iau/-
iua iieooaieiaiua i?inoeoooee (iacaaeneii io iiea): /oi iaaei , oi e ia?enotho – a?aoeee, oeeo?u, iiaeai? oaeoia e o, ae. Eae
au oaea iiiyee, ia nouanoaoao e oaeie iaoee, eae ,
yoi eaaeaony, /oi oaeou yaeythony oaeiauie e a oa-
eie nayce, e n oaeeie auaiaeaie, a ae?oaiio oaeiio aea i?ioiaeeioeo
() oa aea oaeou e neaaenoaey ec ieo eaaeoony aaniethoii
i?ioeaiiieiaeiuie. *eoaoaee iiaoo caniiiaaaoueny a oii, /oi y ai-
ai?th, oiaaea aeey (eae aiai?yo ia Ainoiea –
aeey ) y niaaooth aeinoaoue caienue oaeaia?aaea/e 1-ai
eaiaea io 1 ieoya?y 1995 a. (a 18.50) n ?acaiai?ii
iaaeaeo niaie aeaoo e?oiiaeoeo yeiiiienoia-?aoi?iaoi?ia (iaa –
aeieoi?a yeiiiie/aneeo iaoe e auaoea /eaiu I?aaeoaeuenoaa NNN?
e ?innee). A oa/aiea anaai a?aiaie aeeieiiaoe/aneiai iauaiey yoeo
aeaoo iaeei yeiiiieno (A. Oaaei?ia) ooaa?aeaeae, /oi
aaniethoii ana oaeou, aeiaiaeu e acaeyaeu aai ia?oia?a (Ua?aaei-
aa) – a?yciay e iaaeinoieiay eiaeue. Caeii/eeny yeiiiie/aneee e
iieeoe/aneee iaci? neooaoeee a no?aia oai, /oi iaeei ieieno? yei-
^.–.s iiieee iacaae ae?oaiai e neacae, /oi ie iaeei
|[172Jj ii?yaei/iue /aeiaae ia aeieaeai n iei caei?iaaoueny… A au ii-

aeoiaeoa, aei?iaie /eoaoaeue, aaaeue yoe e iiaeiaiua ei
ii?aaeaeytho iaoo n aaie aeeciue. Aio /oi cia/eo ia ciaoue aeooiaiiai
ianeaaeey naiaai ia?iaea, eioi?ui iiaeii iaeaaeaoue ca iaeei-aeaa ia-
nyoea eco/aiey NE-iaoee, /oiau ia o?aoeoue aiaeu, aeanyoeeaoey e
aeeciue ia eco/aiea iianiuo eaeaiaoe oeia aeeieiiaoee, yeiiiie-
ee, ano?ieiaee, ooieiaee, nioeeieiaee, iaaeaaiaeee, iieeoyeiii-
iee, ia?aineoieiaee e ae?.

Oae eae oee/iue aeiiic iiaeao auoue ia i/aiue aeoaieei, oi
nouanoaoao aeey oeuaaiee iianiinoue, /oi /aeiaae /oi-oi aii?aeue-
iia, ionoue e auaiaeiia, ia i?eiao, iiyoiio iniiaiie aeie-
aeai eiaoue ia anyeee neo/ae ii?aeueii-i?eaeaeaoaeueioth oiaeia-
eo. Yoi cia/eo, /oi oeuaaia /anoi aiaeaeatho /aeiaaea a iiae eaeei-oi ia oieueei auaiaeiui, ii e aiaoia i/aiue
ii?aeueiui i?aaeeiaii, io /ooue ee ia i nianaiee aeecie eaeao ?a/ue
eee

A iineaaeiaa a?aiy a iaoae no?aia e ca ?oaaaeii iiiaea ineoi-
eiae caeioa?aniaaeenue oai?eae e oaoieeie oeuaaineiai e oee/iiai
aeiiica, iiyaeeenue aeaaea iaeioi?ua iaieioea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee aeey
aeiiica iayao. Iai?eia?, ineoieiae ?aeiiaiaeotho aeey nicaeaiey on-
eiaee eiaeoeoeee o?aina eo/oa anaai ?aaioaoue ni acaeyaeii eeeaioa.
Neaaeoao iaeoe niinia i?eaea/ue aai acaeyae oieueei e iaeiiio aiaoia-
io iauaeoo e noa?aoueny oaea?aeeaaoue aai acaeyae e aieiaiea oieueei
ia yoii iauaeoa, a anee acaeyae e aieiaiea ioaeaeathony, oi aeiii-
oeca? aeieaeai noa?aoueny ia?eiaee/anee iacaiaoii aiiaue eo aica?a-
uaoue e yoiio iauaeoo. Ineoieiae n/eoatho, /oi yoo ?aeiiaiaeaoeeth
aeaeaoaeueii niaianoeoue n iuouaieyie a iaaeo ?oeao, oae eae, io-
aeaeay niciaoaeueii aieiaiea eeeaioa, aeiiioeca? oai naiui aun-
aiaiaeaeaao aai iiaeniciaiea aeey ?aiii?oa. Oaeiai ?iaea ineoioaoie-
/aneea i?eaiu iacuaatho , e nin?aaeioi-
/aiea ia eaeii-eeai iauaeoa eee i?ioeanna niciaoaeueiiai aieiaiey
eeeaioa e anoue iaeia ec ineoioaoiee oaeiai ?iaea. E?iia oiai, n/eoa-
aony, /oi aeey ?anuaieaiey niciaiey e onoaiiaeaiey ?aiii?oa eiai-
ii n iiaeniciaieai eo/oa aiai?eoue i?eia?ii oae: .

I?e eiaeoeoeee o?aina naii yoi neiai ia i?ieciineony, a aiai-
?eony ia , , e o. ae.

Iaeiei ec iaoiaeia iiaaeaiey o?aina /a?ac yaeyaony iaoiae eiaeoeoeee o?aina /a?ac eaoaeaineth.
A i?ioeii aaea aeiiioeca? Aeaieeaaneee (ec Oa?ueeiaa) i?eia-
iye yoio iaoiae aeaaea ia aeeaioiuo, ii ia?aai?a/eaae eo a iaoaeia-
ioth iico ia nieio e oeene?iaae eo oae, e aeeaioiua /a?ac ianeieue-
ei naeoiae (aei 1-e ieioou) aiaaeaee a eaoaeaineth (ianeieueei ie-
ioo ia oaaaeeeenue, nio?aiyy yoo iaoaeiaioth iico). A oeuaaineii
aeiiica yoio nae?ao eniieuecoaony n ethaeueie iiaeeeuie eee onoaa-
oeie, ei i?aaeeaaatho i?enanoue, ?anneaaeoueny e oniieieoueny, a
caoai a ?acaiai?a iacaiaoii oneeeaatho iiyaeythueany neiioiiu
ae?aiiou. Eiiaaea oee/iua aeiiioeca?u eniieuecotho neooaoeee,
eiaaea onoaaoee eee iiaeauieaoee iiaeeeie /aeiaae oaea neaeeo
ia neaiaa/ea, iicaauaay…

Ae?aaiea eeoaeoeu (aeainu) ?ac?aaioaee eioa?anioth oao- ^–>.
ieeo iaiiaaiiiai iaaaaeaiey aeiiica iaoiaeii aucaaiiiai |(>1Z5J

caiaoaoaeuenoaa /a?ac ia?aaeienaeueiia iai?eau/iia iiaaaeaiea,
?ac?uaathuaa i?eau/iia oaaeiiiia iiaaaeaiea /aeiaaea. Yoo oao-
ieeo /anoi i?eiaiytho oeuaaia ia aiecaeao,
eiaaea ethaee niieieii aac aeaea neaeyo. Oiaaea aiacaiii ?acaeaaony ia-
?aeecothuee anao aeaineee e?ee. Iiea ioeaiaiaaoea c?eoaee niio-
?yo ia aicieeooth ae?aeo iaaeaeo aeaoiy oeuaaieaie- ,
ae?oaea oeuaaia niieieii oiinyo eo aaue. Eiaaea auoaaeoea ec oi-
eiaiai no?anniaiai ioeaiaiaiey ethaee caia/atho i?iiaaeo, oeuaai
oaea e neaae i?inoue, oae eae iau/ii ii iaeia ec aea?o-
ueony aeieaeia oaaaaoue, a ae?oaay aa aeiaiiyoue. Oaeo, /oi ie aauae,
ie oeuaai /a?ac iaeio ieiooo oaea iao…

Aiaeiae/iie oaoieeie iieuecotho-
ny yiiineea ea?aoenou. A iiianou?yo iaeioi?uo ainoi/iuo ia-
?iaeia iia aiacaiii ia aaoa iineaaeiaaoue oaea? iae-
eie ii aieiaa n iaiaeeaeaiiie a?aiueth a i?eaea/o. Ia iaeeaeay oaei-
ai , iiiao iaiiaaiii aiaaeaao a aeoaieee o?ain, e a
iaeioi?uo neo/ayo o?ain aeinoeaaao aeoaeiu (iica
ia?aoiaeeo a ?aaeei ?aaiou ia?aie ee/iinoe n iieiui aueeth/a-
ieai aoi?ie e o?aoueae). Oee/iua aeiiioeca?u oniaa?oainoaiaa-
ee ae?aaiea oaoieee e aianee iiiai ae?oaeo yeaiaioia – aiacai-
iue ooieeiaue aii?in (aii?in, ia eiathuee ioaaoa), neeueiue aia-
oiee ?acae?aaeeoaeue, iaiaeeaeaiiua aeaeaeaiey e neiaa, ?ac?ua oaea
ia/aoiai oaaeiia e o. ae. Ana ia?a/eneaiiua oaoieee oaeiai ?iaea
iaeaaeatho iauei niaea?aeaieai – cai?aaeaeueiue ?acae?aaeeoaeue ii
iaeiiio ec i?aaiia /oanoa, aiacaiiia eiioocyuaa aicaeaenoaea, ia-
?aaeienaeueiinoue e iai?eau/iinoue iiaaaeaiey, ?ac?ua ia/aoiai oaa-
eiiiiai iiaaaeaiey e o.ae.

Oioy auoaoeacaiiua oaoieee e yooaeoeaiu, ii oeuaaia aieue-
oa anaai ethayo naith ciaiaieooth ineoioaoieeo i/a?iaaiey . Iaoiae caeeth/aaony a eioi?iaoeeiiiie ia?a-
a?ocea niciaiey eeeaioa, caioneathuae oeceieiae/aneee iaoa-
ieci i?ia?anne?othuaai aeiiioe/aneiai ineoioeceieiae/aneiai
oi?iiaeaiey. Aieiaiea eeeaioa iiaeao onoie/eai oaea?aeeaaoueny
?aciuie eioa?aniaeoeie enoi?eyie, aiaeaeioaie, neo/ayie, ii-
o/eoaeueiuie aaeeaie e o. ae. Enoaoe, yoio ae?aaiee iaoiae o?ainaai-
iiai ?anneaca e i?eo/e i?eiaiye e ciaiaieoue i?i?ie Eenon. Oao-
ieea caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi a oaeno enoi?ee ana a?aiy aieaoathony
noaaanoeaiua eiiaiaeu eee iiaaaeai/aneea onoaiiaee, a eioi?uo
oaycaao niciaiea neooaoaey. Aieaa oiai, i?eiaiyaony , eiaaea iaeia enoi?ey aieaoaaony a ae?oaoth, o?a-
ouey – ai aoi?oth e o. ae.

E?iia oi?iiaeaiey ineoeee /?acia?iie ii iauaio eioi?iaoee-
ae, oeuaaia i?eiaiytho e oaoieeo /?acia?iie nei?inoe iiaea/e ei-
oi?iaoeee, oae eae ethaee iiaoo onaaeaaoue iinooieaooth eioi?ia-
oeeth oieueei n ii?aaeaeaiiie nei?inoueth, e anee yoo nei?inoue iiau-
neoue, oi niciaiea eeeaioa ia oniaaaao ia?aaaouaaoue iiaua neiaa, e
iie eaeoo i?yii a iiaeniciaiea, ieioy oeaico?o. Ii iniaaiii yooae-
oeaia oaoieea eioi?iaoeeiiiie ia?aa?ocee, eiaaea iaeiia?aiaiii n
ianeieueeeo noi?ii ia/eiatho eeeaioo /oi-oi a?iiei aiai?eoue, i?e-
/ai n aeeceiai ?annoiyiey, n?aco ianeieueei oeuaaiie. Yoi, iiaea-
^. “s eoe, naiue /anoue e naiue ciaiaieoue iaoiae iaai?iauaa-
[L174JJ iey-iaacoiaaoaai ia ianeieueei naeoiae /aeiaaea. I?e/ai a

yoio iiiaio /aeiaaea ana eanathony e oaaoatho oae, /oi caiaoeoue /oi-
oi ii ia a ninoiyiee. Aai c?aiea caa?oaeaii aeanoeeoeyoeeae e ia?a-
iauaieyie oeuaaiie, aai neoo e aieiaiea ia?aa?oaeaiu neiaaie e
caoeaie, a eeianoaoeea ia?aa?oaeaia nioiae i?eeiniiaaiee e oaa-
oaiee. Oaeo, /oi, eiaaea ii ioaeaaaony io ianaaoeo ia iaai oeuaa-
iie, au?uaaaony e iooiaeeo, iiaeii ni noii?ioeaioiie oaa?aiiinoueth
ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi ea?iaiu aai i/euaiu iieiinoueth, a iaeia ec oeuaa-
iie n aeiau/ae n?i/ii en/acea; anee au n ieeeoeeae ia/iaoa o ieo
/oi-oi eneaoue, oi ie/aai naaa, e?iia no?anna eee na?aea/iiai i?enoo-
ia, ia iaeaeaoa e ia iieo/eoa, ii e?aeiae ia?a ca iineaaeithth ouny/o
eao aua ieeiio ia oaeaaaeinue /oi-oi aa?iooue…

Oae, eco/ay oeuaaineea nae?aou, y iaaethaeae a iaeiii naea neo-
/ae, eiaaea oeuaaiea n ?aaaieii ia ?oeao (!) iii?ineea iiieoue e
caoea /a?ac eaeeoeo. Iiea oicyeea a oa/aiea iyoe-naie naeoiae
auiineea e?oaeeo aiaeu, ni aeai?a en/acei 11 eo?. I?e yoii ooia
ia auei, e eoaea iie o oeuaaiee aeaeenue – aiaoia ia aeaeii. Eoi ii
oeaeiio /ano ioeaaeeaae n iaaeaieyie, e?eeii e ?oaaiueth iaeio eo-
?eoeo, oia iieiao, eaeea auaatho ia naaoa ianoa?a e i?ioanneiia-
eu naiaai aeaea – ca naiue naeoiae iaeeiiaaeoeaoue eo? n ?aaaieii ia
?oeao e aac aaeeiiai caoea, yoi ianoiyuaa /oaei! Aiiaua-oi a oaeea
iiiaiou y aeoaiei niaeaeath, /oi ieeoi a ie?a, e?iia iiaai iooea,
ia ciaao nae?aou aeooiaiiai e iaae/aneiai ianeaaeey oeuaaineiai
ia?iaea. I iaeioi?uo aauao ioaoe aiai?eo, /oi eo oai?eae ia iauyn-
ieoue – yoi iaaei aeaeaoue e /oanoaiaaoue. Iai?eia?, oaioeothuay
e?anaaeoea-oeuaaiea eee ea?athuee ia ne?eiea noa?ee-oeuaai…
Aeaenoaea ianoiyuaai oeuaaineiai eneonnoaa ii?iaeaeaao yenoac,
yiioeeiiaeueiue o?ain oaeie aeoaeiu, /oi anee aai neaaeoo ?aci?-
aaoue naith a?oaeue, auiooue e ioaeaoue naia aeeaia na?aeoea, au yoi naeaea-
aoa, ie ia naeoiaeo ia caaeoiaaoenue…

Eneonnoai oeuaaineie ianie, iocuee eee oaioea ii?iaeaeaao
noieue aeoaieee o?ain e iaeae yiioeee o c?eoaey, /oi iaeioi?ua
ethaee i?inoi noiaeyo n oia, iaeioi?ua no?aeythony, iaeioi?ua io
iaeaea /oanoa ia auaea?aeeaatho, e o ieo ?ac?uaaaony na?aeoea. A ia-
eioi?ua i?eaycuaathony e oeuaaiai neeueiaa, /ai e ia?eioeeai, e
auoue aac ieo ie iaeiie ieioou aieueoa ia iiaoo… Iiea ynii iaeii,
/oi oeuaaineia eneonnoai iiaeao oi?aaeyoue yiioeeiiaeueiie noa?ie
/aeiaaea, a /a?ac iaa – aai ineoeeie, a caoai e oeceieiaeae; /oi
eanaaony iaiiaaiiiai aicaeaenoaey oeuaaineie iocuee, oi yoi
iauyniyaony aa y?/aeoae ia?aciinoueth e eioi?iaoeeiiiie ieio-
iinoueth oi?ie?oaiuo iuneaoi?i, io e, eiia/ii, yiioeeiiaeueiui
iaeaeii e niaoeeaeueiui niaiythueiny o?ainaaiiui ?eoiii.

Aeey iaieioeyoeee niciaieai /aeiaaea oee/iua aeiiioeca?u,
oeuaaia, iioaiieee anao ianoae, aeeth/ay aia?eeaineeo , , e o. i., ?ac?aaioaee ethaiiuoiua ineoioaoie/aneea oeiaee
iaiaia. Iiaiai, e?iia oa?ieiieiaee, a iacaaiee yoeo oeiaie ie-
/aai iao, oae eae o?oaeii /oi-oi iiaia i?eaeoiaoue a iaoae iiiai-
ouny/aeaoiae i?ioannee, ii oai ia iaiaa a nia?aiaiiii ie?a i ieo aiai?eony e ieoaony aac nnueie ia oi, /oi
yoa oeuaaineay acaoea aeaaii anai aeiiioeca?ai ecaanoia…

Yoio iaoiae iacuaaaony . Aeaei a oii,
/oi oeuaaiea ia oeeoea /anoi ia iiaeao iai?yioth neacaoue:

, iiyoiio i?yiua i?eeacu iioaiieee noa?athony
ia i?eiaiyoue, a i?inoi /oi-oi ni?aoeaatho eee i?aaeeaaatho, iaeii-
a?aiaiii i?eiaiyy neiaaniua o?thee. Neiaaniua o?thee aeaeyo ia
neaaeothuea:

* O?theciu>. Yoi neiai icia/aao enoeiiia ooaa?aeaeaiea, eioi-
?ia iaoiaeeony a no?iaii niioaaonoaee n aeaenoaeoaeueiinoueth, ii aii-
eiuaao iaiaiioth no?aoaaeth iioaiieea. Iai?eia?, oeuaaiea aea-
eaao a aacethaeiii ianoa i?iaeaoue a e?aneaie oiaeiaea ieioiai ea/a-
noaa naeoa?; iia ia i?aaeeaaaao iai?yioth: , a aiai?eo: e aa?oeo a ?oeao iaeaou ni
naeoa?aie. Oaeia iaiaayc/eaia i?aaeeiaeaiea iieoiee, aieueoa ia- ,
?auaii ia iiaeniciaiea, n?aaaouaaao eo/oa, oae eae niioaaonoaoao
enoeia e i?ioiaeeo e?eoe/aneee aa?uea? niciaiey. Aeaenoaeoaeueii
(yoi oaea iaeii aanniciaoaeueiia ), aeaenoaeoaeueii ia-
eao e oci? naeoa?a e?aneau (aoi?ia ), e aeaenoaeoaeueii i/aiue
aeaoaai (o?aouea ). Iiyoiio aac anyeeo neia o eeeai-
oa ?iaeaeaaony, eae aio eaaeaony, naiinoiyoaeueiia, ei naiei i?e-
iyoia ?aoaiea eoieoue ii aeaoaaea e ii neo/ath ioee/ioth aauue, /a-
noi aeaaea ia ?acai?a/eaay iaeaoa, a oieueei ni?inea ?acia?.

. Yoio neiaaniue o?the a iau/ioth o?aco ia-
caiaoii i?y/ao eaeia-oi ne?uoia ooaa?aeaeaiea oeuaaiee eee oee/-
iiai aeiiioeca?a i iaee/ee eaeiai-eeai i?aaeiaoa eee yaeaiey,
Iai?eia?, aan ia ni?aoeaatho, aoaeaoa au iieoiaoue eee iao, a ai-
ai?yo: , e oeuaaiea
n neiiaoeae niio?eo ia aan, eae aoaeoi aii?in, /oi au yoo aauue
iieoiaaoa, oaea ?aoai. Aaaeue a iineaaeiae o?aca oeuaaiee niaea?aeeo-
ny eiaooea aeey niciaiey, eieoe?othuay aaoa i?aai ia auai?. Ii
ia naiii aeaea aan iaiaiuaatho, oae eae auai? caiaiai ia auai? .

Ae?oaie caa?aie/iue i?eia? yoie oaoieee: , eae aoaeoi aii?in i oii, /oi au ao-
aeaoa /oi-oi iieoiaoue, oaea ?aoai.

. Oee/iue iiuo iieacae, /oi
anee eiiaiaeo ne?uoue iiae aeaeii i?inueau a aii?ina, oi yooaeo ia-
aeaaeiaa. Iai?eia?, aai iaaei i?ee?uoue aeaa?ue. Au iiaeaoa eiio-oi
neacaoue: , ii yoi aoaeao ooaea, /ai anee
aao i?eeac ioi?ieoue i?inueaie a aii?ina: Aoi?ie aa?eaio n?aaaouaaao eo/-
oa, e /aeiaae ia /oanoaoao naay iaiaiooui. Ae?oaie i?eia? eiiai-
aeu, ne?uoie a aii?ina: Iiaea-
eoe, naiue ecaanoiue e naiue aaaeeeaue i?eia? oaeiai ?iaea –
yoi neiaa Oaaeea: (yoi aianoi eiiaiaeu ).

. Yoio iaoiae caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi i?i-
aeaaaoe oaiaa?eaaao ia eoieoue, a naie oiaa?.
A yoii neo/aa iu eiaai eiaooeo aeey niciaiey, oae eae aio ie/a-
ai iianiiai eee ieioiai a?iaea ia i?aaeeaaaaony e a?iaea iieiay nai-
aiaea ethaiai ?aoaiey nio?aiyaony, ii ia naiii aeaea aeinoaoi/ii

I s iii?iaiaaoue, eae i?iaeaaaoe caaeaao n?aco ae?oaie oeo?ue aii-
|[17a]] ?in: , e oioy ?a/ue a?iaea

eaeao ia iuouaieyo aeona, ii ia naiii aeaea aii?in cao/eo: A oae eae aauue iauaeoeaii aeoniay, oi au
aea ia iiaeaoa ia aii?in i?iaeaaoea neacaoue, /oi iia aai ia iii?aae-
eanue, e ioaa/aaoa, /oi , oai naiui eae au aeaaay ia-
aieueiia niaeanea ia iieoieo. Oai aieaa /oi eae oieueei au ioaa/a-
aoa neythuaio e aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiiio i?iaeaaoeo, /oi iii?aaeeanue,
eae oio, ia aeiaeeaeaynue ae?oaeo aaoeo neia, oaea acaaoeaaao oiaa?
e ana aieueoa, aai eae au oaea iaoaeiaii e ioeacaoueny io iieoiee,
oai aieaa /oi i?iaeaaaoe ioae?aao e iaeeaaeuaaao eo/oaa, /oi o iaai
anoue (ec oiai, /oi aeaeii). Aio e iieo/eeinue, /oi oaiai?eee eoieoue,
aea oae, /oi e ieeae ii-oi?ioaio e ia ioeaaeaoueny, oae eae iea-
cuaaaoueny a ii?aeueiii ooieea: nia?aoue, /oi aauue iaaeoniay, ia-
eiaei… Ia naiii aeaea yoio o?the auiieiyaony aua neiaeiaa e ia-
aeaaeiaa. Ii y eceiaeee aai niaoeeaeueii iii?iua, /oiau aue iiiy-
oai eiaiii niune o?thea (/aeiaae aeae aeia?i ia iaeii, a aeaeueoa -^
eee ou iiaeeaoe, eee aeae aeia?i e ia ae?oaia), a ia ?aaeueiue neo/ae
eee i?eia?. ?aaeueiua neo/ae y ?anneaaeo a eiioea eieae. Au oae-
aeeoa, ia /oi niiniaia iaueiiaaiiay oee/iay oeuaaiea… Oai ia ia-
iaa oa?aeoa?iui e iiiyoiui i?eia?ii yoiai o?thea yaeyaony: Aio e iieo/aaony, /oi iaaei noi ?ac iiaeoiaoue, i?aaeaea /ai
i?eiyoue i?eaeaoaiea ii naiiio aiaoia aaciaeaeiiio iiaiaeo.

Iie ioaoe i?eiaiyao iaoiae i?e ea/aiee
io eo?aiey. Aiooaiea ii caeai/eaaao o?acie: . Iu ae-
aeei, /oi ioaoe caaiiyao ia?eiiaia a ii?aeueiue ooiee: anee ou yoi
naeaeaaoue, oi ou iiaeiiie. Ioaoe aiai?eo, /oi ioeaea Aeiaaeaiei
auea a oii, /oi ii aeieaeai aue aei eiaee?iaaiey (ia?aciaaiey ii-
aie aeiieiaiou) noe?aoue iaoiaeii noa?oth aei-
ieiaioo – onoaiiaeo, /oi eo?aiea eee auieaea eeoue a?aaeiay
i?eau/ea. Iaaei aia/aea caeiaee?iaaoue ia ?ac?ooaiea noa?uo
i?aaenoaaeaiee, caoai eiaee?iaaoue ia iiaua, a caoai cae?aieoue ea-
/aiea au?aaioeie onoie/eaiai oneiaiiai ?aoeaena ia ?aioo e ii-
iin. Oiaaea ia aoaeao ai?ueau iiaie aeiieiaiou ni noa?ie e ea/aa-
iue yooaeo aoaeao auoa e iaaeaaeiaa, e ia iiiaaeiaeony iaoeeaioa
ioaaoue nia?oueth, neaiioie e ia?aee/ii. Aeaaea anee e i?aaeiiei-
aeeoue, /oi iaoeeaio ?aoeo noaoue iiaeeaoeii e caeo?eo (eee auiueao),
oi ii ooo aea iaaaaeeony, /oi aio e aeaiiino?e?otho a eiioea ea/aiey.
Iiyoiio o iooea anaaaea 100% -e ?acoeueoao, aeeth/ay e eeoe, iiauaaa-
oeo o A. ?. Aeiaaeaiei (iaaeaaii oia?oaai). Enoaoe, anoue o iooea aua
iaeei nae?ao a aai iaoiaea: ii ieeiaaea ia eiaee?oao, iiea noi- i.’–sl
iaiue ?aaae?iaaiey iaoeeaioa ia aeiaaaeaia i?aaeaa?eoaeueiuie IJJZL’J

iiaeaioiaeoaeueiuie naainaie aei /aoeiai aaoiiaoe/anee iaaeaaeii-
ai i?iyaeaiey ?aioiiai e neaaeoaeueiiai ?aoeaena.

?a/aaie i?eai . Ii caeiiai /aeiaa/aneie
iaiyoe eeeaio caiiieiaao a ethaii ?acaiai?a ia/aei e eiiaoe, a
na?aaeeia, eae i?aaeei, caauaaaony e ec iaiyoe auiaaeaao, iiyoi-
io aaaeiia cia/aiea a oee/iii aeiiica eiaao eneonnoai aoiaeaea-
iey a ?acaiai? e eneonnoai auoiaea ec ?acaiai?a. Oeuaaineia en-
eonnoai ?acaiai?a caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi oeuaaiea eioiiaoeeae e
/aoei au?aaeaiiui ianeiaaniui iiaaaeaieai iiae/a?eeaaao oa nei-

aa, eioi?ua ae ioaeiu, e noaaeo eo a eiiaoe ?acaiai?a. I?eia?ii
yaeyaony oaeaia?aaea/a , aaea aeeeiiue nii? aeaoo
ethaeae caiiieiaaony aeey 70-80% oieueei iineaaeiae o?acie. Anee
au nii?yuea ciaee yoio ineoieiae/aneee iiiaio, /oi nii?, i?i
iiaieth aieueoeinoaa neooathueo, auea?uaaao oio, eoi neaaeao
iineaaeithth o?aco, oi nii?yuea no?aieeenue au, /oiau aai o?aca
auea a ia?aaea/a eoiaiaie e iineaaeiae.

?a/aaie i?eai - oai...> Nooue aeaiiie ?a/aaie ineoi-
oaoieee caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi oeuaaiea naycuaaao oi, /oi i?ien-
oiaeeo, n oai, /oi ae ioaeii. Oi?aothuay oaieaie oeuaaiea iiaeao
neacaoue:

I?eai Yoio ?a/aaie i?eai-o?the caeeth/a-
aony a oii, /oi aaaeathuay, iai?eia? oeuaaiea, i?aaeaeaey eaeia-eeai
iaaa?iyea i?aaenoiyuaa aeaenoaea eeeaioa, aiai?eo, iai?eia?:
Caeanue iiaeniciaoaeueiie eiaeeie acaeyaea eeeaioa ia naith eaaeiiue (ia
) oeuaaiea eiae/anee i?eniaaeeiyao ia?aueaaiea
aeiaa?ey e naaa e anaio oiio, /oi iia aeaeaao. I?e yoii oeuaaiea eia-
ei anoaaeyao eiaooeo aeey niciaiey eiioeii o?acu , eioiiaoeey eioi?ie iaicia/aao ae?oaie, ne?uoue io nicia-
iey ianoiyuee niune – .

?a/aaie o?the . O?the caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi aei-
iioeca? ?anneacuaaao iaeoth enoi?eth ? 1, i?eia?ii a na?aaeeia
aa i?a?uaaao e ia/eiaao ?anneacuaaoue enoi?eth ? 2, eioi?oth oiaea
i?a?uaaao. Caoai aeiiioeca? iieiinoueth ?anneacuaaao enoi?eth
? 3, iioii caeai/eaaao enoi?eth ? 2, iioii caeai/eaaao enoi?eth
.? 1. Enoi?ee iiae iiia?aie 1 e 2 iieiinoueth iniciathony e caii-
ieiathony, a enoi?ey .? 3 auno?i caauaaaony e ii/oe ia iniciaao-
ny, iiyoiio eiaiii a iaa oeuaaiea e aeeth/aao eino?oeoeee e ei-
iaiaeu aeey iiaeniciaiey eeeaioa.

?a/aaie i?eai . Yoio ?a/aaie oeuaaineee o?the
caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi naith i?inueao eee eaeoth-oi auaiaeioth naaa
iuneue oeuaaiea eceaaaao eiineacaoaeueii, eae Oiaeaea Ian?aaeaeei,
a aeaea ei?ioeie enoi?ee eee iaoaoi?u, i?e yoii ne?uoue niune
enoi?ee e anoue iuneue, eioi?oth oeuaaiea oioaea aannii?ii, ie-
ioy e?eoeeo niciaiey, aiaae?eoue a iiaeniciaiea eeeaioa. I?e/ai
/ai y?/a e yiioeeiiaeueiae aiaeaeio eee iaoaoi?a, oai auoa e
iaaeaaeiaa aiaae?aiiue yooaeo. Aaeeeei ianoa?ii
aue Eenon. Iiiaea ianoa?a eeoa?aoo?u (Ycii, E?ueia, AEaaiaoe-
eee) oaeaea oniaoii i?eiaiyee yoio ?a/aaie o?the aeey aiaae?a-
^–>s iey a niciaiea /eoaoaeae eaeie-eeai aaaeiie eaeae eee
|[178jj iunee.

?a/aaie o?the . Yoio i?eai caeeth/aaony a oii,
/oi eiiaiaeu e iiaeaeaiey oeuaaiee a aeaea ioaeaeueii auaeaeyaiuo
(eioiiaoeeae, iaocaie, a?iieinoueth, i?eeiniiaaieai, aeanoaie,
ieieeie e ae?.) neia ?annaeaathony ii anaio ?acaiai?o, ii iiaenic-
iaiea /aeiaaea aoaeao ?aaae?iaaoue oieueei ia yoe neiaa. I?aeoeea
iieacaea, /oi ne?uoua ii oaoieea ?annaeaaiey eiiaiaeu n?aaa-
ouaatho eo/oa, /ai auneacaiiua eiui niiniaii. Aeey inaiaiey
yoie oaoieee iaaei oiaoue aiai?eoue n au?aaeaieai e iiae/a?eeaaoue
ioaeiua neiaa. Aeiiioeca?u auaeaeytho neaaeothuea niiniau ne?u-
ouo (oeene?iaaiiuo) niiauaiee.

Eeianoaoe/aneea niiniau (naiua yooaeoeaiua): i?eeiniiaa-
iea e ?oea, i?eeiniiaaiea e aieiaa, ethaia iiaeaaeeaaiea, iioei-
iuaaiea ii iea/o, iiaeaoea ?oee, i?eeiniiaaiea e iaeueoeai ?oe,
iaeiaeaiea eenoae ia eenoe eeeaioa naa?oo, acyoea eenoe eeeai-
oa a naie iaa eenoe e ae?.

Yiioeeiiaeueiua niiniau: iiauoaiea yiioeee a ioaeiue iiiaio,
iiieaeaiea yiioeee, yiioeeiiaeueiua aineeeoeaiey eee aeanou.

?a/aaua niiniau: eciaiaiea a?iieinoe ?a/e (a?ii/a, oeoa);

eciaiaiea oaiia ?a/e (auno?aa, iaaeeaiiaa, iaocu); eciaiaiea ei-
oiiaoeee (iiauoaiea-iiieaeaiea); niioonoaothuea caoee (iinoo-
eeaaiey, iiuaeeeaaiey iaeueoeaie); eciaiaiea eieaeecaoeee en-
oi/ieea caoea (ni?aaa, neaaa, naa?oo, nieco, nia?aaee, ncaaee); ec-
iaiaiea oaia?a aieina (eiia?aoeaiue, eiiaiaeiue, aeanoeee,
iyaeee, ae?aae/eaue, i?ioyaeiue).

Aecoaeueiua niiniau: ieieeie, ?anoe?aieai aeac, aeanoeeo-
eyoeeae ?oe, aeaeaeaieyie iaeueoeaa ?oe, eciaiaieai iieiaeaiey
oaea (iaeeiiu, iiai?iou), eciaiaieai iieiaeaiey aieiau (iiai-
?iou, iaeeiiu, iiaeuaiu), oa?aeoa?iie iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoueth
aeanoia (iaioiieieeie), iioe?aieai nianoaaiiiai iiaeai?iaeea.

Ienueiaiiua niiniau. A ethaie ienueiaiiue oaeno iiaeii n ii-
iiuueth oaoieee ?annaeaaiey anoaaeoue ne?uooth eioi?iaoeeth, i?e
yoii ioaeiua neiaa auaeaeytho: ?acia?ii o?eooa, ae?oaei o?eo-
oii, ae?oaei oeaaoii, aacaoeiui ionooiii, iiaie no?i/eie e ae?.

E?iia auoaiienaiiuo ?a/aauo eiaooae aeey niciaiey oeuaaia
e oee/iua aeiiioeca?u /anoi iieuecothony iaiaiiui iaoiaeii . Yoio i?eai caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi anee a eaeie-oi
neooaoeee /aeiaae neeueii ?aaae?oao ia eaeie-eeai ?acae?aaeeoaeue
eee noeioe, oi anee nionoy iaeioi?ia a?aiy yoiai /aeiaaea aiiaue
iiaeaa?aiooue aeaenoaeth yoiai ?acae?aaeeoaey eee noeioea, aaoiiaoe-
/anee n?aaioaao noa?ay ?aaeoeey, oioy oneiaey e neooaoeey iiaoo cia-
/eoaeueii ioee/aoueny io oie, a eioi?ie ?aaeoeey i?iyaeeanue aia?-
aua. Yoio ae?aaia?onneee ineoioaoie/aneee i?eai aia?aua a aea-
aeaie/aneie iaoea iienae a 1895 aiaeo A. Aaooa?aa, ni a?aiaiai
iacaaa aai . *ooue iicaea yoio oaiiiai en-
neaaeiaae ia niaaeao Eaai Iaaeia e iacaae aai . Eeanne/aneee i?eia? – yoi eiaaea ia ao-
eythuaai a ia?ea ?aaaiea iaiaeeaeaiii iaiaea niaaea. ?aaaiie neeue-
ii enioaaeny e a iineaaeothuai a ethaie, aeaaea naiie aaciianiie e
aaciaeaeiie, neooaoeee i?e aeaea niaaee o iaai aaoiiaoe/anee, iiae-
/a?eeaath – aanniciaoaeueii e aaoiiaoe/anee, aicieeaao : no?ao. Ae?oaei i?eia?ii iiaeao

neoaeeoue iioi?iiiay iocuea aeey /aeiaaea, ia?aaeeaoaai

iioi?iiu eiai-ieaoaeue ec aeeceeo ethaeae e eniuoaaoaai ia ieo
nei?aue e ia/aeue. Oneuoaa aiiaue yoo aea iioi?iiioth iocueo, /aei-
aae iia?oceony a – ?aaeoeeth nei?ae e ia/aee.

Iu oaea aiai?eee, /oi ?aaeoeee iiaoo auoue ?aciuo aeaeia –
aieaaua, oaiia?aoo?iua, eeianoaoe/aneea (i?eeiniiaaiey), aeo-
niaua, neooiaua, iaiiyoaeueiua e o. ae. Oeuaaia caiaoeee, /oi ii
iaoaiecio eee ni/aoaiiiai ?aoeaena iaiaoi-
aeeii auiieieoue ianeieueei oneiaee:

1) ?aoeaeoaoeaioth ?aaeoeeth neaaeoao ii aiciiaeiinoe ianeieue-
ei ?ac cae?aieoue.

2) I?eiaiyaiue ?acae?aaeeoaeue aeieaeai ii naiei oa?aeoa?en-
oeeai iaeneiaeueii niaiaaeaoue n ?acae?aaeeoaeai, i?eiaiaiiui a
ia?aue ?ac.

3) Eo/oei e aieaa iaaeaaeiui yaeyaony eiiieaeniue ?acae?a-
aeeoaeue, eniieuecothuee ?aaeoeeth ianeieueeeo i?aaiia /oanoa iae-
iia?aiaiii.

Anoue e ae?oaea oaeoi?u, ii yoe – aeaaiua.

Oeuaaineay i?aeoeea iieacaea, eae iu oaea ioia/aee, /oi eo/-
oa anaai a iiaeniciaiee oeene?oaony i?eeiniiaaiea, iiyoiio ana

ciatho, /oi oeuaaia noa?athony i?e oi?ie?iaaiee
iieo/eoue aa eiaiii a aeaea iaiyoe iuouaiey i?eeiniiaaiey e i?a-
aie ?oea; yoa iaiyoue i?aaenoaaeaia /aoaa?oueth ei?u aieiaiiai iic-
aa eeeaioa. Eiiiaioe?oy yoio noa?eiiue oeuaaineee iaoiae, ecaan-
oiue aua ae?aaiei ae?aoeai, iiaeii ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi iooue e iaeaaea-
ieth niciaieai e iiaaaeaieai /aeiaaea eaaeeo /a?ac iaeaaeaiea aai
i?aaie ?oeie. Iiyoiio iaeaieaa /anoi ia oeeoea oeuaaiea i?ineo o
aan i?aaoth ?oeo iiaaaeaoue aiana ia iioiio, /oi iia oaeay oae ethae-
oaeueieoea aaaeaoue e aieueoa ie/aai ae?oaiai ia oiaao, i?inoi, eae au
oaia?ue oaea iiiyee, yoi naiue auno?ue iooue e aeinoeaeaieth oi?aa-
eaiey /aeiaaeii.

Nia?aiaiiua a?a/e-aeiiioeca?u oaeaea /anoi i?eiaiytho ia-
oiae . Iai?eia?, i?e ea/aiee a?aaeiuo i?eau-
/ae eee aeey ai?ueau n oaiaoaiiui ninoiyieai ineoeee, eiaaea ca
n/ao ?aa?annee aic?anoa iaoeeaioa a ?aaeinoioth e
n/anoeeaoth neooaoeeth aeaonoaa, a iioii iieo/aiioth iieiaeeoaeue-
ioth yiioeeth ia?aiinyo a ianoiyuaa.

N iiiiuueth iaoiaea iiaeii aucaaoue neiiaoeth
e naaa aeaaea aac i?eiaiaiey aeiiica. Aeey yoiai iaaei iiaiai?eoue n
eeeaioeie i oii n/anoeeaii iiiaioa aa aeecie, eiaaea iia eiio-oi
neeueii aeiaa?yea e auea ii-ianoiyuaio a iaai aethaeaia. Aeiaeaeaa-
oenue a aa ?anneaca iiiaioa iaeaunoaai ia?aaeeaaiey, neaaeoao eth-
auie oaeiaiuie ec auoaia?a/eneaiiuo neaiaeueiuo niiniaia (a ia-
?iaea iaai? oaeeo neaiaeia iacuaatho e niciaieth) caoee-
ne?iaaoue yoo ?aaeoeeth aethaeaiiinoe, a caoai, a ae?oaie iiiaio, i?e
?acaiai?a i naieo ioiioaieyo n iae i?eiaieoue oo aea nenoaio nea-
iaeia (oio aea e niciaieth e, aeaaiia, iiaeniciaieth), e o eee-
aioee aaoiiaoe/anee n?aaioaao , oi anoue o iaa ii-
yaeony /oanoai neiiaoee e aeiaa?ey oaea e aeiiioeca?o. Oaia?ue /e-
oaoaeth iiiyoii, ii/aio oeuaaiea /anoi i?ineo eeeaioa , eeoue au iieo/eoue iaai? ?aciuo oeene?iaaiiuo ?aaeoeee
. e. e e iei, a caoai iia yoei aoeaoii ?anii?yaeaaony
Oe80]| n auaiaeie aeey naay. Iaaei, /oiau eeeaioo /oi-oi ia i?aae-

einue – aeeth/aaony iaeia, oeene?iaaiiay ca?aiaa , , iaaei, /oiau i?aaeeinue – aeeth/aaony ae?oaei ae?oaay . Iiyoiio oeuaaiea ana ?aaii, /oi eee-
aio aoaeao aniiieiaoue, aeaaiia, /oiau yoi auei ii aiciiaeiinoe iae-
neiaeueii aieieoaeueii e ooa aea yooaeoeaii caoeene?iaaii
eae ioaeiay ?aaeoeey, iai?eia?, n iiiiuueth oaeiai eeth-
/a, eae ni/oanoaothuaa e aeiaa?eoaeueiia iaeiaeaiea eee i?eeinii-
aaiey naiae eenoe ia i?aaoth eenoue eee iiao eeeaioa ia aeieth na-
eoiaeu. Iaeiia?aiaiii oeuaaiea oeene?oao ioaeioth ?aaeoeeth aiei-
nii, aeacaie, iaeeiiii aieiau, aeanoii e o. ae., ecaioaaeeaay
iaaeaaeiue . Iiuoiay oeuaaiea i?iaa?yao ca a?a-
iy ?acaiai?a ianeieueei ?ac, iiea ii yiioeeyi eeeaioa, aai aeacai,
ieieea e aeuoaieth ia oaaaeeony, /oi n?aaaouaaao iaaeaaeii.
Aeaaea anee eeeaioea, ?anneacuaay, iea/ao, oi ana ?aaii oeuaaiea
(iaai?ii iniciaaaaiuo e iainiciaaaaiuo neaiaeia) oee-
ne?oao neacu, iinea a aeaeueiaeoae aanaaea i?iaa?yao e aiiaue
aucuaaao neacu, a caoai oaea i?iaa?aiiui eeth/ii no?ieo no?aoa-
aeth aeaeueiaeoaai ?aiii?oa. Iaaei neacaoue, /oi oeuaaia oi?ioi cia-
tho, /oi neeueiua yiioeee – yoi oaea aioiaue o?ain n noaeaiiui ni-
noiyieai niciaiey e oi?ioei ?aiii?oii (oi?aaeyaiinoueth). Ii-
yoiio a iaeioi?uo neooaoeeyo oeuaaia i?inoi iaino?ytho aei i?aaeaea
yiioeeiiaeueiia ninoiyiea eeeaioa, e ii oaeei ia?acii aaoiiaoe-
/anee ieacuaaaony a oae iacuaaaiii , n ai-
oiaui ?aiii?oii (iiauoaiiie oi?aaeyaiinoueth). Iaoiae iaeaaeaiey
/aeiaaeii /a?ac yiioeee i?eiaiytho oaea aeaaii ia oieueei oeuaaia,
ii e iocueaiou, ooaeiaeieee, i?iiiaaaeieee e o. ae.

Oaoieeie iiaeii iieueciaaoueny e aeey ?acaeoey a naaa
e o ae?oaeo ethaeae ?acee/iuo niiniaiinoae, n iiiiuueth
eee iiaeii aucuaaoue oae iacuaaaiua iinoaeiiioe/aneea
eciaiaiey a ineoeea, oeceieiaee e iiaaaeaiee /aeiaaea. Eioa-
?aniua aa?eaiou eiaee?othueo eeth/ae aeey ineoeee e oeceiei-
aee ?ac?aaioae a?a/ ec Oaiaeinee A. Aeiaaeaiei.

Ianeieueei neia i oae iacuaaaiie eaeaiiioi?iie ianeiaaniie
ia?aaea/a neaiaeia e i?e oeuaaineii aaaeaiee. Ai a?aiy
?acaiai?a ia?aae aaaeaieai oeuaaiea caaeaao aii?in n ioaaoii eeeai-
oa eee , iai?eia?: , e niio?eo e caii-
ieiaao aieiaoaeueii eiiieaen iaaa?aaeueiuo neaiaeia, eioi?ue
i?e yoii i?ienoiaeeo – ieieea, aeaca, eioiiaoeey, aeaeaeaiey ai-
eiau, aeaeaeaiey ?oe e o. ae. Caoai oeuaaiea niiaa /oi-oi iaeiineiae-
iia ni?aoeaaao e iuoaaony aei ioaaoa eeeaioa ii iaaa?aaeueiui oa-
?aeoa?enoeeai i?aaeoaaaeaoue ioaao. Iinea ioaaoa eeeaioa oeuaaiea
oaaaeaeaaony, /oi iia i?aaeeueii iaoea , e caoai ia/eiaao
I?aaeneacuaaoue iaii?aaeaeaiiuie o?acaie, i?e iiyaeaiee ?aaeoeee
oeuaaiea ooo aea eni?aaeyao naie neiaa. *a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy iii-
aea eeeaiou aoiaeyo a o?ain, naie ana ?anneacuaatho oeuaaiea, ioaa-
/ay ia aa aii?inu, caoai oeuaaiea iacaiaoii auaiaeeo eo ec o?aina.
O eeeaioa ianooiaao aiiacey (caauaaiea) ia na?aaeeio aanaaeu, ii-
yoiio, i?iaeieaeay aaaeaiea, oeuaaiea ?anneacuaaao eeeaioea oneu-
oaiiua io iaa a o?aina iiae?iaiinoe e aeaoaee. Iinea aaaeaiey eee-
aioea ainoeuaaony i?aaeneacaoaeueneei aea?ii oeuaaiee e ?anneacu-
aaao naiei ciaeiiui, /oi oeuaaiea niiaueea ae iaeioi?ua /.–^s
aeaoaee, eioi?uo ieeae ciaoue ca?aiaa ia iiaea. Eeeaioea oae luBIJJ

ieeiaaea e ia aniiiieo, /oi yoe aeaoaee iia naia niiaueea oeuaaiea,
iaoiaeynue a aeoaieii oeuaaineii aeiiica iayao. Yoi ninoiyiea ae-
oeaiiai o?aina a nia?aiaiiie iaoea iacuaatho NE- a /anoue ?onneeo o/aiuo, ioe?uaoeo yoi ninoiyiea, ennea-
aeiaaaoeo aai e aia?aua iienaaoeo a eieaa (1984).

VI. Eiaee?iaaiea

I?e oneiaee aeinoaoi/iie aeoaeiu o?aina oee/iua aeiiioeca-
?u, iinea oiai eae io?aaioai e iie aeiaeeenue naiaai,
eiaee?otho naie aea?oau ia caauaaiea (aiiaceth) anaai i?ienoaaeoa-
ai. Iai?eia?, anee oeuaaiea caa?aea o aea?oau eieueoei e oeaii/eo,
oi iia iaycaoaeueii i?iecianao ia?aae ?annoaaaieai o?aco: Iinea yoiai oeuaaiea ooiaeeo, e
aeaaea anee eoi-oi aa inoaiiaeo, iai?eia? ieeeoeeiia?, oi iino?a-
aeaaoay aiai?eo, /oi aeaeeo yoo oeuaaieo a ia?aue ?ac a aeecie, ie-
eiaaea ?aiueoa aa ia aeaeaea, ia ?acaiaa?eaaea, a yoe aaue – eieueoei
e oeaii/ea – /oaeea, e o iaa iao ieeaeeo i?aoaicee ie e eiio, a
oai aieaa e yoie iaecaanoiie oeuaaiea. Anee aeiiic aue ia i/aiue
aeoaieei, oi i?ioiaeeo oaea /a?ac 2-3 ieioou iinea
ooiaea oeuaaiee, ii anee aeiiic aue aeinoaoi/ii aeoaieei, oi eiae
n?aaaouaaao ia iiiaea aiaeu, a eiiaaea e ia anth aeeciue.

Aieueoeinoai enneaaeiaaoaeae-aeiiieiaia (Ae. A. Eaiaeuaa

e ae?.) n/eoatho, /oi a nia?aiaiiie aeiiieiaee nouanoaotho neaaeo-
thuea aeaeu aeiiica.

1. Eeanne/aneee (iaaeianeee) aeiiic, a aeaea niiiiai oi?ii-
aeaiey anae ei?u n nio?aiaieai aiae?noaothuaai o/anoea (ciiu
?aiii?oa). I?e aicieeiiaaiee eaaeiai iaaeianeiai aeiiica aea-
ca aeiiioeea cae?uaathony, e aeaeaa – ii ia?a ia?anoaiey aeoae-
iu aeiiica – oaeoaeyaony niiiia oi?iiaeaiea e ?anneaaeaiea ana-
ai oaea aieioue aei iieiiai ioeeth/aiey niciaiey e canuiaiey. Aieue-
oeinoai o/aiuo iacuaatho yoio aeae aeiiica .
A aeoaieeo noaiaiyo eaoa?ae/aneiai aeiiica aiciiaeai oaiiiai
.

2. Eaoaeaioe/aneee aeiiic. I?e eaoaeaioe/aneii aeiiica o
aeiiioeea n ioe?uouie aeacaie aicieeaao iaea?aaaiaiea anao
iuooe oaea. Oaei aeiiioeea ii ia?a oaeoaeaiey aeiiica noaiiaeoue-
ny ana aieaa oaa?aeui e iuooeu iai?yaathony ana aieueoa. A n?aaeiae
noaaeee aicieeaao oaiiiai i aineiaeaeiie aeaeinoe >, a a aeoaieie –
.

3. Niiiaiaoee/aneee aeiiic. A yoii aeaea aeiiica aeaca o aei-
iioeea ioe?uou, ii a aai iiaaaeaiee iiaeao iaaethaeaoueny ?yae ya-
eaiee aaoiiaoecia. Ii ia?a ia?anoaiey aeoaeiu aeiiica aeiii-
oee, auiieiyy i?eeacu aeiiioeca?a, iiaeao niaa?oaoue naiua ?ac-
iua aeaeaeaiey e iinooiee. A aeoaieeo noaaeeyo aeiiica aeiiioee
auiieiyao oaiiiaiu ?aa?annee aic?anoa, niioiaeaeaiey, eciaia-
iey ee/iinoe, aiooaiiiai iaeiaa, iieiaeeoaeueiua e io?eoeaoaeue-
iua aaeethoeeiaoeee e ae?. Neiaaniue i?eeac aeiiioeca?a neeueiaa
?aaeueiuo oece/aneeo ?acae?aaeeoaeae.

4. Ineoieiae/aneee aeiiic iayao. A yoii aeaea aeiiica ia oiia
_ s aeoeaiie ei?u iaieo iieooa?ee iicaa a iaeiii eee ia-
[182]| neieueeeo o/anoeao iicaa aicieeaao iaeia eee ianeieueei cii

naa?oaicaoaeaeaiey. Iniiaiuie enoi/ieeaie aucuaaiey e oaeoa-
eaiey yoiai aeaea aeiiica yaeythony aicaeaenoaey neiaaie ia ia-

iyoue, aiia?aaeaiea, c?aiea, neoo e iuouaiey aeiiioeea. Aeaca o
aeiiioeea anaaaea ioe?uou, ii ianooiatho i?iaaeu iaiyoe, i?i-
aaeu e?eoe/aneiai naiiiniciaiey, onei?aiea iuouaiey eiee/ao
noaa a?aiaie, eaoaeaioe/aneea oaiiiaiu iaacaeaeaeeaaiey ia ia*
neieueei naeoiae, ia?anoaiea iiae/eiaiiinoe neiaai, aeanoai e /oa-
noaai aeiiioeca?a e ae?.

5. Eeoaeneee ia?aaeienaeueiue aeiiic. Yoio aeae aeiiica inii-
aai ia ?ac?uaa eiae/aneiai iuoeaiey iaoiaeii aeenannioeeaoeee e
ai?ueau aeaoo naa?oaeoeaiuo o/anoeia ei?u eaaiai neiaanii-eiae-
/aneiai iieooa?ey iicaa. Iaeiei ec iaeaieaa ae?aaieo ineoioao-
ie/aneeo iaoiaeia iieo/aiey yoiai aeiiica yaeyaony .

6. Ia?eiaeiiic. Yoio aeae aeiiica iniiaai ia i?eiaiaiee aei-
iioeeii ?acee/iuo niaoeiaaeeeaiaioia, ia?eioeeia, niaoei?aia-
?aoia, niaoei?ioeaaeo? e o. ae. n oeaeueth iieo/aiey iniaiai ia?eiaei-
iioe/aneiai eciaiaiiiai ninoiyiey ineoioeceieiaee e niciaiey,
ioee/athuaainy iiauoaiiie oi?aaeyaiinoueth, iiauoaiiie caoi?-
iiaeaiiinoueth eee iiauoaiiie aicaoaeeiinoueth, /anoi n aaeethoee-
iaoeeyie e /anoe/iui eee iieiui ioeeth/aieai naiiniciaiey.

7. Aiia?aoiue aeiiic. Yoi iniaue eeann eciaiaiiuo ninoiy-
iee niciaiey e ineoioeceieiaee, eioi?ua aicieeatho iiae aicaeae-
noaeai niaoeaiia?aoia oeia , oaeaaeaeaiey, oaeaoiiii-
ai ?acaiai?a, iauaiey n eiiiuethoa?aie, ?aaeei, iaaieoioiia, ai-
ia?aoia oeia e ae?.

8. Iaoieiae/aneee aeiiic. Yoi iniaue aeae iaoieiae/aneeo
o?ainiauo ninoiyiee, eioi?ua iiaoo aucuaaoueny i?iecaieueii eee
iai?iecaieueii. Iai?iecaieueii iaoieiae/aneea o?ainiaua ninoi-
yiey ?acee/iie aeoaeiu, eae i?aaeei, aicieeatho a ?acoeueoaoa
eaeeo-eeai ineoiniiaoe/aneeo caaieaaaiee, iai?eia? yieeai-
nee, oecio?aiee, enoa?ee, enoa?iyieeainee e ae?. I?iecaieueii
iaoieiae/aneea o?ainu aieioue aei nooii?a e nia?oe iiaoo aicie-
eaoue a ?acoeueoaoa o?aai, i?eaia yaea, aunieie oaiia?aoo?u, io-
?aaeaiey, eioaeoeee e o. ae.

Aieueoeinoai nia?aiaiiuo o/aiuo-aeiiieiaia (Ae. A. Eaiaeuaa,
E. Oa?oie, I. Y?eenii, Noaecoee e ae?.) n/eoatho, /oi a iniiaa oeu-
aaineiai ineoieiae/aneiai ?acaiai?iiai aeiiica eaaeeo oaiiiai
onoaiiaeaiey aiooathuaai eiioaeoa (?aiii?oa) a ninoiyiee /an-
oe/iiai eee iieiiai aiae?noaiaaiey niciaiey aeiiioeea. A NE-ia-
oea yoi iacuaaaony , eia-
aea aiooaiea auiieiyaony iayao, iaoiaeii oi?ie?iaaiey onoie/e-
aiai oeene?iaaiiiai yiioeeiiaeueii-yia?aaoe/aneiai aicaoaeaeaiey
ia oiia aeoeaiiai eee /anoe/ii eciaiaiiiai ninoiyiey niciaiey
e eciaiaiiie ineoioeceieiaee.

Ineoioaoie/aneie iniiaie aeiiaaiiiai (oi anoue ii?iaeaeathua-
ai aeiiic) eiioaeoa aeiiioeca?a e yaeyaony oaiiiai aan-
niciaoaeueiiai onoaiiaeaiey oi?aaeythuaai eiioaeoa (?aiii?oa)
iaoiaeii neio?iiecaoeee e iiaeno?ieee yiioeeiiaeueiiai ninoiyiey
e iiaaaeaiey aeiiioeca?a e yiioeeiiaeueiiio ninoiyieth, ineoiyia?-
aaoeea, aeaeaeaieyi, iica, aeuoaieth, niiniaai aini?eyoey e
ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee, iaia?a iiaaaeaiey e ?aaae?iaaiey

, a oaeaea e aai iniiaiui ineoieiae/aneei noa?aioeiai
iuoeaiey, nioeeaeueii-ie?iaicc?ai/aneei onoaiiaeai, aeeciai-
iui eaeaaeai, oaaaeaeaieyi, aa?iaaieyie o. ae. Iiyoiio oeuaaineee
iaoiae onoaiiaeaiey ?aiii?oa aiaoia auaeyaeeo i?aaeaea anaai eae
au?aaeaiea ni/oanoaey, aeaeaiea iiii/ue, aeaeaiea /oi-oi aeaoue eee
naeaeaoue e o. i. I/aiue /anoi a naiii ia/aea eiioaeoa oeuaaineee
e?eieiaeueiue aeiiioeca? n?aco noa?aaony /ai-oi iaiau/iui e
eiae/anee ooieeiaui icaaea/eoue e, iieuecoynue naeoiaeiie
i?einoaiiaeie eiaeei-aiaeeoe/aneiai iuoeaiey, iaiiaaiii ia-
?aaanoe e eciaieoue aai niciaiea a i?aaiiieooa?iue ?aaeei aiia-
?aaeaiey, /oanoa e yiioeee. I?e yoii aaiaeeony, eae i?aaeei, ia-
aycuaaiea aeaaiiai eeth/a e aeoaeiiie aanniciaoaeueiie i?e?iaea
/aeiaaea – no?aoa. Aniiiieoa, eae oeuaaiea a ?anneaca i?ioan-
ni?a A. I. Nayaeiua ia/aea naie ?acaiai? n aeaiueiie ia neaiae-
ea. Aia/aea iia aa i/aiue oaeeaeea iaiaeeaeaiiui cayaeaieai, /oi
iia ia oeuaaiea, a iaiau/iay na?aeyiea n ?uaueei coaii io ?iaeaea-
iey. Ii oaea n?aco iinea aeiiioe/aneeo iaieioeyoeee n i?aaie
?oeie oeuaaiea noaea oa?iaeaoue aeaiueia, /oi anee iia ia ioaeano
eieueoei, oi any ii/a?iaao, ia aeiaaeao aei aeiia e o. ae. Oi/o iniai io-
iaoeoue iaeei ec iaeaieaa /anoi ano?a/athueony ineoioaoie/aneeo
i?eaiia onoaiiaeaiey oeuaaineiai ?aiii?oa iaoiaeii ia?aaioee
i?aaie ?oee . I?aaay ?oea aieueoeinoaa ethaeae iaeaieaa
neeueii i?aaenoaaeaia a ei?a aieiaiiai iicaa e niioaaonoaaiii a ine-
oeea eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea, iiyoiio iaieioeyoeee e eiio?ieue iaae i?a-
aie ?oeie /aeiaaea – yoi iaeaieaa ae?aaiee oeuaaineee iaoiae aei-
iioecaoeee /aeiaaea. Aeinoaoi/ii oeuaaiea caaeaaeaoue i?aaie ?oeie,
eae iia aaoiiaoe/anee caaeaaeaaaao e aai ineoeeie e iiaaaeaieai.
Iiyoiio iaeaieaa ae?aaiee iaoiae oeuaaineie aeiiioecaoeee aua-
eyaeeo a aeaea i?inueau aeaoue i?aaoth ?oeo iiaaaeaoue, iineieueeo i?a-
aay ?oea eiio?iee?oaony neiaanii-aiaeeoe/aneei eaaui iicaii,
oi, eanaynue i?aaie ?oee , oeuaaiea n?aco ia?aaiaeeo ?aaioo
aai eaaiai aiaeeoe/aneiai iicaa a i?aaiiicaiaie ?aaeei iuoua>
iee e aiia?aaeaiey. Eiiaaea ciaiaieoua nia?aiaiiua aeiiioeca-
?u (Ae. A. Eaiaeuaa, A. Eicaiia e ae?.) eniieuecotho yoio noa?eiiue
oeuaaineee i?eai e, acya a naie ?oee i?aaoth ?oeo aeiiioeea,
niio?yo aio a aeaca, e aeinoaoi/ii yooaeoeaii aiooatho iaiaoi-
aeeiua onoaiiaee.

Aua n aeaeaeneeo a?aiai aeaaiaeoei oaeoi?ii oniaoiiai
?aiii?oa n/eoaeanue aa?a e aeiaa?ea. Aa?a – yoi niciaoaeueiia aei-
aa?ea, yoi iniciaiiue (N. Ai?ei, 1994). Iniciaiiay aa?a anoue ?acoeueoao ?aai-
ou eaaiai neiaanii-eiae/aneiai iicaa, a aio iainiciaaaaiia aeo-
aeiiia aeiaa?ea anoue ?acoeueoao ?aaiou i?aaiai, /oanoaaiii-ia?ac-
iiai iicaa.

A oaoieea oeuaaineiai aeiiica anaaaea noiyo aeaa caaea/e: 1) onu-
ieoue eee iaieoe e?eoeeo e aiaeeoe/aneea aiciiaeiinoe eaaiai
iicaa e 2) aucaaoue onoie/eaoth aanniciaoaeueioth naycue n aeoaei-
iie ineoiyiioeeiiaeueiie nouiinoueth i?aaiai iicaa iaoiaeii aia-
eeoe/aneiai ioiaeaeanoaeaiey n iae e aaeaeaaoiie iiaeno?ieeie e
aanniciaoaeueiui i?iyaeaieyi i?aaiiieooa?iie aeoeaiinoe:

^.–^s /oanoaai, aeaeaeaieyi, ieieea, aeuoaieth, iica e iiaaaea-
|[184]| ieth ia?oia?a.

N. A. Ai?ei (1994), aiaeece?oy oaoieeo oeuaaineiai aeiiica,
n/eoaao, /oi aeey oiai, /oiau iiaeaenoaiaaei aiooaiea, iaaei nia-
/aea nicaeaoue ?aiii?o, oi anoue nicaeaoue i/aa naa?oaiae?noaiaaiey a
ei?a aieiaiiai iicaa, a aeey yoiai iaiaoiaeeii auiieieoue neaaeoth-
uea i?eaiu.

1. Iaaei i?eiyoue oo aea iico, /oi o ia?oia?a, yoi iacuaaaony
, , , e ae?. Aeaaiia a oii, /oi aeiiioeca?o ioaeii naeaeaoue in-
iiaioth /anoue naiaai iiaaaeaiey iioiaeae ia aiaeiae/ioth /anoue ii-
aaaeaiey ia?oia?a. A /oi eanaaony io?aaeaiey iicu, oi iii iiaeao
auoue i?yiui (a oi/iinoe eae a ca?eaea) e ia?ae?anoiui (anee o
ia?oia?a eaaay iiaa caeeiooa ia i?aaoth, oi aeiiioeca? aeaeaao yoi
aea)… N/eoaaony, /oi au ie/ai ia iiaeaoa ii?aaeiaaoue e iieuenoeoue
iainiciaaaaii /aeiaaeo aieueoa, /ai iiae?aaeaieai aio – aai ii-
aaaeaieth e iaia?ai. Ii ia aeaeaeoa oiai, /oi aao ia?oia? iiaeao
iniciaoue eae eiie?iaaiea naay. Ia?oia? ia aeieaeai niciaoaeueii
caia/aoue aaoo iiaeno?ieeo. Yoi, a nouiinoe, oaea e anoue oeuaain-
eee aeiiic, eiaaea au onoaiaaeeaaaoa aanniciaoaeueiia aeiaa?ea e
?aiii?o.

Iiaeno?ieea e iica – yoi ia?aue iaaue aeoeaiiai, oi?ne?i-
aaiiiai nicaeaiey aanniciaoaeueiiai aeiaa?ey. Ii caeanue anoue e ia-
?aoiay naycue: anee ethaee oaea aeiaa?ytho ae?oa ae?oao, oi iie iau/ii
?acaiaa?eaatho (eee iie/ao) a ninoiyiee iiaeno?ieee e iica. Eiia-
aea auaaao ioaeii ioeaieoue, a eaeeo ioiioaieyo iaoiaeyony aeaa aeai- ,
iuo ?acaiaa?eaathueo /aeiaaea. Oae aio, anee ai a?aiy ?acaiai- /I
?a iie iiaeno?aeaathony e iica niaanaaeieea, oi ana ii?iaeueii, ii /
ianoaeaeaaiiio aii?ino iiaiey o ieo niaiaaeatho, a anee a iaaeth-
aeaaiie ia?a iiaeno?ieee e iica iao, oi niaeanea, au?aaeaiiia ia
neiaao, ia aeieaeii aan iaiaiooue – aioo?aiiaai niaeaney oai iao.
O/aiua aeaaii caiaoeee, /oi iiaeno?ieea anaaaea i?ienoiaeeo naia
niaie, aaoiiaoe/anee, oai, aaea anoue niaeanea eee oioyo niaeaney,
e iaiai?io, aaea iao eee ia oioyo niaeaney, oai iao e iiaeno?ieee.
O/aiua-ineoieiae aeatho a yoeo neo/ayo oi?ioee niaao: anee ai_ I
a?aiy nii?a aai ioaeai eiii?iienn, oi anaaaea oiuoeaiii nio?a-
iyeoa iiaeno?ieeo, e aao nii? iaycaoaeueii caeii/eony eiii?iien- ‘
nii, e iaiai?io, anee au ?aci?aaoa iiaeno?ieeo, oi aao nii? iayca-
oaeueii ieii/eony eiioeeeoii.

2. Iaaei iiaeno?ieoueny e aeuoaieth ia?oia?a, o. a. iaaei neiie-
?iaaoue iaia?o, /anoioo e aeoaeio aai aeuoaiey. Iiaeno?ieea e aeu-
oaieth auaaao i?yiay e iai?yiay. I?yiay iiaeno?ieea – au i?i-
noi ia/eiaaoa aeuoaoue oae aea, eae aeuoeo aao ia?oia?, a oii aea
oaiia. Iai?yiay iiaeno?ieea – au niaeanoaoa n ?eoiii aeuoaiey
ia?oia?a eaeoth-oi ae?oaoth /anoue naiaai iiaaaeaiey; iai?eia?, au
iiaeaoa ea/aoue ?oeie a oaeo aeuoaieth ia?oia?a eee aiai?eoue a oaeo
aai aeuoaieth, oi anoue ia aai auaeioa. I?yiay iiaeno?ieea n/eoaao-
ny aieaa yooaeoeaiie aeey aicieeiiaaiey ?aiii?oa. Caeanue neaaeo-
ao eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi o aeaiuei aeuoaiea a?oaeiia, a o ioae/ei –
a?thoiia.

Iiaeno?ieea e iica e aeuoaieth ia?oia?a n/eoaaony oniaoiie
oiaaea, eiaaea iia ia?aoiaeeo a oae iacuaaaiia . Oi anoue
au iacaiaoii iaiyaoa naith iico e aeuoaiea e aae?oa iaia?o- e . Aia?aie /anoe au
iaoiaeii eiie?iaaiey iicu e aeuoaiey, a ai
aoi?ie /anoe – iaiyy iico e aeuoaiea, au aeiaeaaaoanue niioaao-
noaothueo aanniciaoaeueiuo eciaiaiee a iica e aeuoaiee ia?oia-
?a, /oi e iacuaaaony , o. a. oaeoe/anee au caaa?oaaoa
oi?ie?iaaiea aanniciaoaeueiiai oi?aaeaiey ia?oia?ii.

Neaaeoao iiiieoue, /oi ethaee iau/ii aiai?yo ia auaeioa, e anee
au aiai?eoa eae ?ac ia eo auaeioa, oi eie yoi aanniciaoaeueii ain-
i?eieiaaony eae eeethcey naiae aioo?aiiae ?a/e, ei oiaaea yoi
eaa/a iiiyoue e i?eiyoue. I?e i/aiue aieueoie ?acieoea a ?eoia e
aeoaeia aeuoaiey o aan e o ia?oia?a au iiaeaoa ioneaaeeaaoue aai
aeuoaiea ?ac ?ac> (iai?eia?, i?e /anoii aeuoaiee au eiie?o-
aoa aaeio, i?iioneaaoa auaeio e aoi?ie aaeio, eiie?oaoa aoi?ie au-
aeio); iiaeao auoue, yoi eaa/a iiiyoue /a?ac iaoaoi?o: eiaaea au eaea-
oa ii /anoi ?aniieiaeaiiui oiaeai, oi ia ianooiaaoa ia eaae-
aeoth – ianooiaaoa /a?ac iaeio eee eae-oi eia/a, ii ?eoi a eo
?aniieiaeaiee au ana ?aaii o/eouaaaoa e iiaeno?aeaaaoanue e iaio.

Eoae, aeey nicaeaiey oeuaaineiai ?aiii?oa (aanniciaoaeueiiai
aeiaa?ey) au io?aaeaaoa niaie iiaaaeaiea aaoaai ia?oia?a. Yoi ia-
cuaaaony iiaeno?ieeie eee i?eniaaeeiaieai. Eiaaea au i?eniaaee-
ieeenue e eaeie-oi /anoe iaaethaeaaiiai iiaaaeaiey ia?oia?a, oi-
iaiyaoa yoo /anoue iiaaaeaiey o naay (i?e i?yiie iiaeno?ieea), e
ia?oia? neaaeoao ca aaie – n yoiai iiiaioa au ei oi?aaeyaoa, aa-
aeaoa aai. A eaeaaea iiaeno?ieea aeieaeia noaoue aaoei ?aoeaenii ia
iiaiai /aeiaaea – i?inoi oae, ia anyeee neo/ae. Iaaei o/eoueny e
o?aie?iaaoueny iauaoueny ia noieueei n niciaieai ia?oia?a, neieue-
ei n aai aanniciaoaeueiui.

3. Iaaei o/eoueny iiaeno?aeaaoueny e aeaeaeaieyi ia?oia?a. A eth-
aie aanaaea /aeiaae iau/ii eae-oi aeanoeeoee?oao, iaiyao iico,
eeaaao eee ea/aao aieiaie, ieaaao e o. ae.; ana yoi iiaeao auoue i?aae-
iaoii aeey iiaeno?ieee e i?eniaaeeiaiey e aai aanniciaoaeueiiio.
Iiaeno?ieea e aeaeaeaieyi aieaa neiaeia, /ai iiaeno?ieea e iica e
aeuoaieth, eioi?ua ioiineoaeueii iinoiyiiu e eo iiaeii niieie-
ii ?anniio?aoue e i?enooieoue iinoaiaiii e eiie?iaaieth. A aeae-
aeaiea – yoi auno?ue i?ioeann, caeanue ioaeiu iaaethaeaoaeueiinoue e
inoi?iaeiinoue, /oiau ia?oia? ia niia iniciaoue, /oi e iaio iiae-
no?aeaathony .

Ethaua aeaeaeaiey iiaeii iiae?acaeaeeoue ia aieueoea (iioiaeea,
aeanou, aeaeaeaiey aieiau eee iia) e iaeua (ieieea, ieaaiea, iae-
eea aeanou, iiaea?aeaaiey eee iiae?aaeaaiey). Eo/oa anaai iiae-
no?aeaaoueny e aeanoai ?oe ia?oia?a n iiiiuueth aeaeaeaiee naieo
iaeueoeaa – ioneaaeeaaeoa iaeueoeaie i?eia?iia iai?aaeaiea aeae-
aeaiee ?oe ia?oia?a e aeaeaeoa eaeoth-oi ?acieoeo a aiieeooaea;

caeanue ioaeia nei?inoue ?aaeoeee. Ia eiie?oeoa aeaeaeaiey ?oe ia?o-
ia?a ca?eaeueii, iaia/aeoa eo, ia caeai/eaay. Iai?eia?, aao
ia?oia? ii/anae i?aaie ?oeie eia, a au niioaaonoaaiii iiaeaaeueoa
naie iiaeai?iaeie.

Ec iaeeeo aeaeaeaiee oi?ioi aua?aoue aeey iiaeno?ieee ieaa-
iea, yoiai ieeoi ia iniciaao. Ieaaeoa n oie aea /anoioie, /oi e
==^s aao ia?oia?, a iioii au iiaeaoa i?ae?aoeoue ieaaoue, /oi-
l??lj au o ia?oia?a i?ae?aoeeinue ieaaiea, eee iiaeaoa cae?uoue

aeaca, /oiau ia?oia? naeaeae oi aea naiia. E oi e ae?oaia niinianoao-
ao aicieeiiaaieth oeuaaineiai aeiiica.

Ia oiaiee i?eno?aeaaoueny e aeaeaeaieyi /aeiaaea ?anneacae
a ?anneaca ienaoaeue Eaai Eoi?ei: .

Aiaeece?oy i?ioanneiiaeueiua aeaenoaey eieaeoiuee Ieane ii
yooaeoeaiiio ineoiaicaeaenoaeth ia /aeiaaea, iu iiaeai auaea- _
eeoue a aa oaoieea neaaeothuea iineaaeiaaoaeueiua yeaiaiou.

1. Ia?aaiae niciaiey ia?oia?a ni neiaanii-aiaeeoe/aneiai ea-
aiiicaiaiai a /oanoaeoaeueii-ia?aciia i?aaiiicaiaia (a ?anneaca
Eoi?eia aaaeueia aia/aea iii?ineea ienaoaey iieoe aia?aae ia aeo-
iay e ia iai?a/eaaynue, a a/oanoaoynue a i?ienoiaeyuaa e iaeeaeay
ia/oi, enoiaeyuaa io aaaeueiu).

2. Aaaeueia iaoiaeii iiaeno?ieee e aeaeaeaieyi ienaoaey iunea-
ia?aciui ioiaeaeanoaeaieai naay n aai ee/iinoueth inouanoaeea oa-
iiiai ?aaeueiiai ineoioece/aneiai i?eniaaeeiaiey ia ?annoiyiee
e aia iiey c?aiey ia?oia?a. Iauyniyaony yoio oaiiiai oai, /oi
i?aaia iieooa?ea iicaa ?aaioaao e iauaaony n aiaoiae ?aaeueii-
noueth eneeth/eoaeueii ia ycuea ia?acia-ea?oei e /oanoa-yiioeee,
iiyoiio aeaaeaiee E. I. Iaaeia e iacaae aai /oanoaaiii-ia?aciui
eee . I?ioanneiiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u (oeuaa-
ia, eieaeoiu, iaae e o. ae.) ioee/athony io aeeeaoaioa I. Y?eeniia e
aai iineaaeiaaoaeae eiaiii yoei iniiaiui ea/anoaii, iie, ciay
ycue i?aaiai iicaa, oiatho iuneaiii nicaeaaaoue o naay a aieiaa
iiaeeueioth ia?ac-ea?oeio iaaycuaaaiiai aeiiioeeo i?eeaca, a
caoai, iuneaiii ioiaeaeanoaea naay n iei, eae au ?aaeueii aieaey a
iaai e ia?anaeea a iaai naie oi?aaeythuee ?acoi e noaa yiioeei-
iaeueii oaea ia niaie, a ei, noaiiayony iaeaaeaoaeyie aai oaea, aai
?oe, iia e o. ae., iuouay eo naieie nianoaaiiuie. E oiaaea aicie-
eaao iaae/aneee oaiiiai ia i?inoi oi?aaeythuae nayce aaaeueiu
e /aeiaaea, a aicieeaao aua aieaa neeueiue oaiiiai, eiaaea aaaeue-
ia anaeyaony a naiiai /aeiaaea e aeaeueoa oaea aeaenoaoao, iaoiaeynue /
a aai oaea e aeaeaay aai ?oeaie, iiaaie e o. ae. Iiae?iaiaa yoe aii- t.^
?inu inaauaiu a’ciaiaieouo eieaao Ae. A. Eaiaeuau (1995) e (1996), (_/V
a oaeaea a eieaa oaeaioeeaiai neae?neiai a?a/a-ineoioa?aiaaoa
N. A. Ai?eia (1994). Enoaoe, N. A. Ai-
?ei niaaooao, /oi aeey iaeaaeaiey oaoieeie oeuaaineiai aeiiica
aeiiioeca? aeieaeai iao/eoueny aeaeaoue, neuoaoue e /oanoaiaaoue eae
iiaeii aieueoa ec anaai oiai, /oi ia naiii aeaea i?ienoiaeeo aie?oa
ian a eaaeaeue iiiaio. Iniiaie aini?eyoey aeieaeiu noaoue o?e ni-
noaaeythueo: c?aiea, neoo e eiaeii-iuoa/iua iuouaiey
(i?eeiniiaaiea, oaiei, oyaeanoue, ?anneaaeaiiinoue e ae?.).

E?iia oiieiai e iauaiiiai aini?eyoey niaoeeaeeno ii oeuaai-
neiio aeiiico aeieaeai oiaoue iaeneiaeueii oi/ii i?eniaaeeiyoueny
e aioo?aiiaio iiuoo, aioo?aiiaio ie?o e ethaui aiaoiei ?aae-
oeeyi aeiiioeea.

A iiiaiaaeiaii oeuaaineii eneonnoaa aaaeaiey oeuaaia au?a-
aioaee aua iaeei ae?aaiaeoee e yooaeoeaiaeoee iaoiae aeiiiaai-
iiai ?acaiai?a n iiiiuueth iaeneiaeueii iaueo, iaii?aaeaeaiiuo
e iaeneiaeueii iiiaicia/iuo neia e o?ac. Iaii?aaeaeaiiinoue,
iiiaicia/iinoue e aeaaea iaeioi?ay iaiiiyoiinoue auneacuaaiee
oeuaaiee aucuaaao o aea?oau, eae i?aaeei, eiaiii oi iiieiaiea,
eioi?ia oaea eiaaony a iiuoa e iaiyoe aea?oau, a aea?oaa n/eoaao,
/oi yoi oeuaaiea eaeei-oi oaeinoaaiiui, /ooue ee ia oaeaiaoe/a-
neei eee yniiaeae/aneei niiniaii ana oaea ciaao e ana i?aaeeueii
oaaaeuaaao e i?aaeneacuaaao.

A oeuaaineii aeiiica neaaeoao aiai?eoue aac io?eoeaiee, aac
, oae eae o io?eoeaiee anoue niaoeeoe/aneia naienoai – iie no-
uanoaotho a ycuea, ii ia nouanoaotho a iiaeniciaiee, iiyoiio ai-
ai?eoue ia?oia?o neaaeoao eiaiii oi, /oi au io iaai oioeoa, a ia oi,
/aai ii ia aeieaeai aeaeaoue.

Aiaeece?oy iiuo aia?eeaineeo niaoeeaeenoia ii iae?ieeia-
aenoe/aneiio i?ia?aiie?iaaieth, N. A. Ai?ei (1994) ieoao, /oi
oeuaaineei aeiiicii neaaeoao iacuaaoue . O?ain –
yoi anoanoaaiiia ninoiyiea /aeiaaea, eioi?ia iinoiyiii aicieeaao
a iauaiee iaaeaeo ethaeueie. Aia?eeaineea niaoeeaeenou (I. Y?ee-
nii, Ae. A?eiaea?, ?. Ayiaeea?, Ae. Aeaeicuea e ae?.) n/eoatho, /oi o eaae-
aeiai /aeiaaea nouanoaoao oeceieiae/aneay iio?aaiinoue a o?aina,
oae aea eae nouanoaoao iio?aaiinoue ai nia, iineieueeo eiaiii a
o?aina’/aeiaae ia?auaaony e aioo?aiiaio iiuoo e i?aaiecoao aai
oae, /oiau eciaieoue e i?eniiniaeoue naith ee/iinoue a ioaeiii ia-
i?aaeaiee; . O?ain ia ya-
eyaony oeaeueth acaeiiaeaenoaey n ia?oia?ii, yoi oieueei eino?oiaio,
iicaieythuee oneeeoue ?aaeoeee ia?oia?a, a naiae oeaee aeiiioe-
ca? aeiaeaaaony eiaiii oneeeaay ioaeiua aio ?aaeoeee ia?oa?a.

Iaoiaeynue a ?acaiai?iii oeuaaineii o?aina, /aeiaae eae au
. Oae, iai?eia?, /aeiaae iiaeao ioaeaoue oeuaaiea e?oiioth
noiio aeaiaa e eoaea-oi iieoe, e /oi-oi aiai?eoue e aeaeaoue, caeoe n
oeuaaiaie a iaciaeiiue aeai? eee iiaeuacae, a iioii, eiaaea nicia-
iea i?iyniyaony, /aeiaae ene?aiia iaaeioiaaaao, eae yoi ana eiai-
ii n iei iiaei neo/eoueny, ii/aio ii ioaeae iaciaeiiie aeaiueia
ana aeaiueae e ii/aio e eae ii aiiaua i/ooeeny a yoii aeai?a eee a
yoii iiaeuacaea…

Oeuaaineee aeiiic – -/anoi aicieeaao o aieue-
oeinoaa ethaeae naiii?iecaieueii a neooaoeeyo, eiaaea ai aiaoiai
ie?a ie/aai cia/eoaeueiiai ia i?ienoiaeeo, iai?eia?, i?e noiyiee
. ^s a aeeeiiie i/a?aaee, aeeeoaeueiii iaeeaeaiee ia inoaiiaea,
[188JJ iiacaeea a yeaeo?e/ea ia ?aaioo ii noaiaea?oiiio aaeaaeiaa-

iiio ia?o?ooo, i?e /oaiee eioa?aniie eieae, a ii/iii aeaaeo?-
noaa, a ioena, i?e ioaeuoa ia ieyaea e ae?.

N. A. Ai?ei (1994) ioia/aao, /oi i ianooieaiee oeuaaineiai aei-
iica iiaeii noaeeoue ii iaeioi?ui iaeaieaa /anoi ano?a/athueiny
aiaoiei i?eciaeai, iai?eia?: ai-ia?auo, ia/eiatho ?anneaaeyoue-
ny iuooeu eeoea e iuooeu anaai oaea; eeoei noaiiaeony aieaa nei-
iao?e/iui, oae eae a ninoiyiee aiae?noaiaaiey iuooeu eeoea, ai-
eaa eee iaiaa iai?yaeaiiua, nicaeatho iaeioi?oth ianeiiao?e/-
iinoue; ia eeoea ?acaeaaeeaathony eaeea-oi neeaaeee, ii?ueiee;

ai-aoi?uo, oniieaeaaaony eoaeoaeyaony aeuoaiea, aicieeaao ninoi-
yiea ineoieiae/aneiai iieiy e ionoioiinoe niciaiey (ninoiyiea
aaciuneey); a-o?aoueeo, /aeiaae, eae i?aaeei, caie?aao, o iaai a?a-
iaiii i?ae?auathony i?iecaieueiua aeaeaeaiey, e ii nio?aiyao ia-
iiaeaeaeioth iico, a /anoi e iaiiaeaeaeiue acaeyae n caiaoii ?anoe-
?aiiuie aeacaie; a-/aoaa?ouo, /anoi ?iciaaao (?aaea aeaaeiaao) ia-
iyeoaa eeoei, eiaea noaiiaeony caiaoii aieaa aeaaeiie, /anoi
aiciiaeii iiyaeaiea eaiaeae iioa; a-iyouo, ia oiia iauae ?anneaa-
eaiiinoe iuooe iiaeii iaaethaeaoue iai?iecaieueiua, iainiciaaaa-
iua e ia eiathuea niciaoaeueiie oeaee, aaoiiaoe/aneea aeaeaeaiey;

yoe aeaeaeaiey auaatho iaeeeie, a?iaea iiae?aaeaaiey eee oaaaea-
iey iaeueoeaa e eenoae ?oe, a auaatho e e?oiiuie – eeaaiea aiei-
aie, aeaeaeaiey ?oeaie, acae?aaeaaiea anaai oaea; iai?iecaieueiua
aeaeaeaiey – yoi i?yiia oeacaiea ia oeuaaineee aeiiic, ia?aoeoa
aieiaiea ia ?anieoeu: i?e cae?uouo aeacao iie iaeei iiae?aaeaa-
tho, a n ia/aeii oeuaaineiai aeiiica noaiiayony iaiiaeaeaeiuie e
canouaatho; anee /aeiaae aioae a oeuaaineee aeiiic n ioe?uouie
aeacaie, oi o iaai noaiiaeony i/aiue ?aaeeei ieaaiea; a-oanouo, i?e
ianooieaiee oeuaaineiai aeiiica o?aaeathony eee iieiinoueth i?a-
e?auathony aeioaoaeueiua aeaeaeaiey (naeaouaaiea nethiu).

Ana ia?a/eneaiiua e ethaua ae?oaea iaaethaeaaiua oeuaaieie o
/aeiaaea i?eciaee aicieeathuaai aeiiica eiatho aeaaiia cia/aiea
a oaoieea iaaaaeaiey oeuaaineiai aeiiica, eioi?ia caeeth/aaony a
oii, /oi oeuaaiea, aeaey eo, niiauaao naiae aea?oaa i ieo e oai na-
iui aanniciaoaeueii aeey aea?oau ?acei oaeoaeyao oi?aaeythuoth
naycue (?aiii?o) iaae aeaiiui /aeiaaeii. Oaoieea i?iaiaa?eaaiey
aneoo ethauo iaaethaeaaiuo eciaiaiee e ?aaeoeee aea?oau – yoi iaeei
ec naiuo ae?aaieo e yooaeoeaiuo aeiiioe/aneeo i?eaiia, eioi?ua
i?iaioee?otho ca 2-3 ieioou ianooieaiea yooaeoeaiiai o?aina.

Ae?oaei i/aiue yooaeoeaiui i?eaiii iaaaaeaiey ia /aeiaaea
aeoaieiai oeuaaineiai aeiiica iayao yaeyaony iaoiae iieo/aiey
aeiiica /a?ac aucuaaiea iniiaiuo aeiiioe/aneeo oaiiiaiia: ai-
ia?aaeaiiua eee aiooaiiua iieiaeeoaeueiua aaeethoeeiaoeee, ain-
nicaeaiea ec iaiyoe ia?acia e ea?oei aeaonoaa eee ae?oaeo o?ain-
aaiiuo neooaoeee (iai?eia?, ooiieoaeueiay iiiai/aniaay acaea aa-
/a?ii a iiacaea), ?aa?anney aic?anoa, aeiiiaaiiue aaneiioaeoiue
iannaae eee ethaay eiay i?eyoiay e ?eoie/iay oeceieiae/aneay
i?ioeaaeo?a, eaoaeainey e eaeaiiioi?iua aeaeaeaiey.

Anee a eeanne/aneii (iaaeianeii) aeiiica /aeiaaea /anoi aei-
iioece?otho, /oiau iieo/eoue a eoiaa ii?aaeaeaiiua aeiiioe/aneea
oaiiiaiu, oi a oeuaaineii aeiiica, iaiai?io, /a?ac auiieiaiea
aeiiioe/aneeo oaiiiaiia noa?athony iieo/eoue n?aco aeoai- e,–.^
eee oeuaaineee aeiiic. Oae, iai?eia?, Ieeoii Y?eenii |Ju^]

(1979) i?aaeeiaeee ioi?ieoue oaoieeo oeuaaineiai aeiiica a aeaea na-
ieoaaiaie iiaeaee:

1. Iinoa?aoueny iiianoeoue /aeiaaea a oaeiaioth aeey iaai iico.

2. Neiioeaio?e?iaaoue aieiaiea aeiiioece?oaiiai ia eaeii-
eeai aiaoiai eee aioo?aiiai i?ioeanna, iauaeoa, iunee eee ain-
iiieiaiee.

3. Iino?ieoue naith ?a/ue oae, /oiau ?acaeaeeoue niciaiea e aan-
niciaoaeueiia aeiiioeea.

4. Niiaueoue aeiiioece?oaiiio i oao i?eciaeao o?aina eee
ethauo eiuo ?aaeoeeyo, eioi?ua aeiiioeca? o iaai iaaethaeaao.

5. Aeaeoa aeiiioeeo onoaiiaeo ia .

6. Eniieueciaaiea o?ainiaiai ninoiyiey aeiiioeea aeey oeaeae
aeiiioeca?a.

7. Auaaaeaiea aeiiioeea ec o?aina.

Anoue o oeuaai e aua iaeei eioa?aniue e auno?ue niinia iaaa-
aeaiey oeuaaineiai aeiiica iayao, eioi?ue caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi
oeuaaiea eiaeo iiiaio, eiaaea eoi-oi oaea/aiii aiai?eo i oii, /oi
aai aieioao eee neeueii aaniieieo. Oiaaea oeuaaiea i?eniaaeeiyao-
ny e yoiio /aeiaaeo e, aeoeaii aio ni/oanoaoy, niia?aaeeaay, nai-
eie neiaaie e aii?inaie niaoeeaeueii ?acaeeaaao e ana aieueoa e
aieueoa aeaoaeece?oao i?iaeaio ?anneac/eea, ana aieueoa e aeoa-
aea iia?oaeay a ie? aai ia?aaeeaaiee, i?iaeai e ainiiieiaiee.
Caoai oeuaaiea ia/eiaao noeioee?iaaoue ainiiieiaiey yoiai /a-
eiaaea, iaaycuaay aio aeeceoth aai i?iaeaiai aaeethoeeiaoeeth. Ca-
iieo/ea aeaeaiea, oeuaaiea ?acaeaaao aai a aeoai/aeoee oeuaai-
neee aeiiic n neeueiui aacioeaciui ?aiii?oii. Eoae, .

Aua iaeiei noa?eiiui oeuaaineei i?eaiii iaaaaeaiey aeiii-
ca yaeyaony iaoiae nicaeaiey aiacaiiuo, iaiaeeaeaiiuo e a?iieeo
neaiaeaeueiuo neooaoeee, iia?oaeathueo anao i?enoonoaothueo i?e
yoii a ninoiyiea caiaoaoaeuenoaa, iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe e ioaeaeay
io oiai, /oi ?aiaa yoe ethaee aeaeaee. Oae, iai?eia?, a 1998 aiaeo y
iaoiaeeeny ia Eaieia?aaeneii aiecaea a Iineaa. Aeaei auei aa/a-
?ii, aei iiaai iiacaea ia Eaieia?aae inoaaaeinue aeaa /ana, e y neaeae
a caea iaeeaeaiey e /eoae aacaoo. Aae?oa a caea aiciee ooi. ss iiae-
iye aieiao e oaeaeae, eae iaeia e?aneaay ?acuy?aiiay iieiaeay oeu-
aaiea, a?iiei e?e/a, ia/aea ecaeaaoue, aeaeeii, naiaai ioaea-oeu-
aaia. Ioae/eia auno?i oae e auoiaeo ec caea, iaaeaeo ?yaeia neaey-
ueo ia neaiaeeao iannaaee?ia, a oeuaaiea n aeaoiy aeaoueie ncaaee e
?aaaieii ia ?oeao e?e/aea, aaaeaea ca ioae/eiie e ana a?aiy aai
aeea. Ioae/eia oi iaaeae ia eiai-ieaoaeue ia neaiaeea, oi eo ?ac-
ieiaee, oi ii n eai-oi noeaieyeny ?oaaiueth… A iauai, eiaaea oeuaa-
ia auaaaeaee ni neaiaeaeii ec caea iaeeaeaiey e a caea aiiaue ianoo-
ieea oeoeia, ieioo /a?ac 5-7 iiiaea ethaee iaia?oaeeee, /oi o
eiai-oi oeuaaia oe?aee oaieo, o eiai-oi noii/eo, a o iaeiiai /aei-
aaea – aeaaea ii?ooaeue! E ana yoi auei naeaeaii ia aeacao aeanyoeia
ethaeae, e ieeoi ie/aai ia caiaoee. Aio yoi e anoue ianniaue oeuaai-
neee aeiiic, ianoiyuaa ia?iaeiia oai?/anoai ianoa?ia e?e-
ieiaeueiiai aeiiica…

OAOIEEA
E?EIEIAEUeIIAI
INEOIAICAeAENOAEss

nayce n ?aceie e?eieiaeecaoeeae nia?aiaiiiai ?onnei-
ai iauanoaa iiiaea iauanoaaiiua no?oeoo?u, eioi?ua
?aiueoa auee caaiaeaie, oaa?eeaie, aaieaie, iao/iuie
eee o/aaiuie o/?aaeaeaieyie, niaoicaie e o. ae., noaee
no?ieoue naith aeeciue ii aaniethoii e?eieiaeueiui caei-
iai. Yoi cia/eo, /oi a aieueoeinoaa no?ai ie?a n eaieoaeenoe/a-
neie nenoaiie aeecie 90% ianaeaiey – aaiaeeou, a eaaeaeia eaieoa-
eenoe/aneia i?aaei?eyoea – yoi aaiaea ai aeaaa n aieaa-iaiaa e?oi-
iui iaoeice, aeaenoaothuei ii caeiiai ?yeaoa, eiaaea
nouanoaoao eeoue iaeei i?aaiaie, ii?aeueiue e yeiiiie/aneee e?e-
oa?ee – aeaiueae, nianoaaiiinoue e i?ioeaio i?eauee. A yoeo oneiae-
yo e ana nia?aiaiiua ainoaea?noaa (NOA .no?a-
iu Caiaaeiie Aa?iiu e ae?.) – yoi iaieioi i?aaieciaaiiua aaiaeu,
iauaaeeiythuea ia ainoaea?noaaiiii o?iaia iaeaieaa aeeyoaeueiua
iaoeiciua eeaiu, eioi?ua e i?aayo ia ocaeiiaiiuo i?aaao naiae no?aiu e iiae/eiaiiuo ainoaea?noa-eieiiee.

Enneaaeiaaiea nouiinoe nia?aiaiiiai eaieoaeecia iieacu-
aaao, /oi a yoie nenoaia iaae/aeiaa/aneeo ioiioaiee eiiaiaeotho
aeanoue eiouea e eo e?eieiaeueiua neoae-i?eoeaaaoaee, o. a. ne-
ooaoeey eae ia aieia, aa/iie aieia, o eioi?ie iao ie ia/aea ie
eiioea, eiaaea aieia anoue iau/iia ninoiyiea eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea e
anaai iauanoaa, eiaaea eaaeaeue ia aeeaao, a ai?aony ca auaeeaaiea,
i?anooiay ana iaua/aeiaa/aneea caeiiu, eioi?ua nicaeaea nia?a-
iaiiay oeeaeeecaoeey.,.

Oae eae iaoa no?aia oiaea noaea ia , oi e o ian ia/aea ?aaioaoue eaieoaeenoe/aneay nenoaia iaae-
/aeiaa/aneeo ioiioaiee. E o ian ia?anoaee ?aaioaoue i?aaeiea
th?eaee/aneea ii?iu e caeiiu, a i?aaeoue noaee i?anooiieee e oai-
eiaieee, eioi?ua noaee i?aceaeaioaie, ieieno?a-
ie, aoaa?iaoi?aie, iy?aie, aeaiooaoaie e o. ae., a iauai, aeanoue
i?aaea?aeaueie.

Aei?aaaoenue aei aeanoe, n?aco caiyeenue ai?ia-
neei ia?aaeaeii iauaia?iaeiie nianoaaiiinoe e i?e?iaeiuo aiaaonoa
iaoae no?aiu a naith ee/ioth nianoaaiiinoue n ia?aaiaeii in- ^–>
iiaiie i?eauee a no?aiu Caiaaea. A yoeo iiauo oneiaeyo IJL1^1.

Caiaaeiay Aa?iia e NOA iieo/eee ouny/e ieeee-
a?aeia aeieea?ia e iaiiaaiii ?acaiaaoaee aei aacoiey. Inoaeanue eeoue
iaei/ue – ne?uoue oaeou iiaeeiai e aani?aaeaeueiiai iaai?iauaaiey
?onneiai ia?iaea, nicaeaa iaaeaeaiioth iiiaieaiaeueioth nenoaio ea-
ieoaeenoe/aneeo n?aaenoa ianniaie aeaceioi?iaoeee oeia OPT, HTB,
?O?eo.ae.

A iiauo iauanoaaiiuo oneiaeyo, eiaaea a iaiyoe ia?iaea aua
oaea?aeeaathony iaeno?aaeiua inoaoee i?aaenoaaeaiee i caeiiii-
noe e nioeeaeueiie ni?aaaaeeeainoe, aeaaa?e iaoeicii-aaiaeeoneeo
eeaiia e a?oiie?iaie iiea aua ee/ii ia iiaoo caieiaoue aunoea
ainoaea?noaaiiua iinou, iiyoiio ia yoe aeieaeiinoe iie iaieiatho
?aciiai ?iaea iiaeeaoeia e eciaiieeia ?iaeeiu n /enoie aeia?aoe-
ae e oaea ?oeaie yoeo i?anooiieeia i?aaeatho, iaai?iauaatho e
oie/oiaeatho iao ia?iae.

A nicaeaaoeony oneiaeyo e?eieiaeueiiai aani?aaeaea aioeia?iae –

iua aeanoiua i?aaiu aeaeatho ana aiciiaeiia, /oiau ne?uoue enoei-
ioth eioi?iaoeeth i ianniaii ?acai?iauaaiee iauaia?iaeiie nia-
noaaiiinoe e iaoeo n aaie iaoeeiiaeueiuo aiaaonoa, iiyoiio iu-
yaoiea e?eieiaeueiua aaoi?eoaou ia?iiiia cia/aiea oaeaeytho
n?aaenoaai ianniaie eioi?iaoeee e ethaie eioi?iaoeee iai anai, /oi
ia naiii aeaea i?ienoiaeeo. Iiyoiio eioi?iaoeey e ana, /oi n iae
naycaii, i?eia?aoatho ia aeaiiii yoaia no?aiu ?aoath-
uaa cia/aiea.

Eioi?iaoeey n/eoaaony oeaiiie iniaaiii oiaaea, eiaaea aa iiaeii
eniieueciaaoue, , eae ieoao ?. ?iiei a
eieaa (1998). ?. ?iiei ?acee/aao oaeou (aeaiiua),
iiaiey (ee/iinoiua i?aaeiieiaeaiey) e eioi?iaoeeth (aiaeeoe/a-
nee ia?aaioaiiua aeaiiua). Aeaaiua oeaee eioi?iaoeee – ciaiey,
aeanoue, aeaiueae e iaieioeyoeey ioaeaeueiuie ethaeueie e oeaeuie ia-
?iaeaie.

?. ?iiei (1998) iiae?acaeaeyao eioi?iaoeeth ia:

1. Oioaeueioth – aeaao iauaa iaci?iia i?aaenoaaeaiea ia eioa-
?anothuae i?iaeaia e o/anoieeao-eiaeeaeaeao e i?aaiecaoeeyo –
i?iaiaeieeao aeaaiuo oeaeae.

2. Oaeouoth eee iia?aoeaioth – aea?aeeo a eo?na eciaiythueo-
ny niauoee.

3. Eiie?aoioth – caiieiyao auyaeaiiua i?iaaeu a aeaiiuo
eee ioaa/aao ia ii?aaeaeaiiua aii?inu.

4. Einaaiioth – iiaeoaa?aeaeaao eee ii?iaa?aaao iaeea i?aaeii-
eiaeaiey, aoaeo/e noueiaaiiie n iineaaeothueie oieueei iiin?aaei-
aaiii.

5. Ioeaii/ioth – ioeaieaaao e iauyniyao niauoey e aeaao i?i-
aiic ioiineoaeueii eo ?acaeoey a aoaeouai (yoi iioeiaeueii ia?a-
aioaiiua aeaiiua).

Iineoaeyie iieaciie eioi?iaoeee /aua anaai yaeythony: cia-
thuea ethaee, aeieoiaiou, n?aaenoaa aani?iaiaeiie e i?iaiaeiie nay-
ce (oaeaoiiu, ?aaeeinoaioeee, oaeaoaenu e ae?.), eiiiuethoa?u, ii-
aaaeai/aneea oaeoi?u ioneaaeeaaaiuo ethaeae (?acaiai?u, iinooi-
ee, eiioaeou, aeaenoaey e ae?.).

.–,^ E?eieiaeueiua aeiiioeca?u aeey iieo/aiey iaiaoiaeeiie
[192JJ eioi?iaoeee oi?ioi ?acae?athony a /aeiaa/aneeo iioeaao

aa auaea/e, iie ciatho, /oi iiaaaeaiea ethaiai /aeiaaea a iniiaiii
iai?aaeyaony ii?aaeaeaiiuie aioo?aiieie iiaoaeaeaieyie, ciay
eioi?ua iiaeii iiieiaoue e i?aaeneacuaaoue aai ianoiyuea e aoaeo-
uea ?aaeoeee, iinooiee e iiaaaeaiea. Iioeaaoeey iiaaaeaiey ennea-
aeoaiiai /aeiaaea (iauaeoa) ii?aaeaeyaony e?eieiaeueiuie aeiii-
oeca?aie iau/ii n iiiiuueth i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai iaaethaeaiey.

E?eieiaeueiue iiuo iineaaeieo eao iieacuaaao (?. ?iiei,
1998), /oi /aua anaai i?anooiieee naieo aea?oa a
caaeneiinoe io iniiaiiai, iioeae?othuaai eo iiaaaeaiea, neaaeothuei ia?acii.

1. I?e ei?unoiinoe, , aeaaeiinoe, ae/iinoe iauae-
oa i?anooiieee aeey /aeiaaea n oaeie aaaeouae iioeaaoeeae iiaa-
aeaiey (oaeeo ethaeae n?aaee iaoaai ianaeaiey ieiei 30%), i?eia-
iytho eee iaee/iua aeaiueae (oeaiiinoe e o. ae.), eee eo
iaauaiea. Eiaiii yoio oaieiaiue o?the i?eiaiyao iu-
iaoiaa ia?eiiaoi/iia i?iaia?eeaineia i?aaeoaeuenoai,
aaiee, oe?iu (oeia ) e ae?oaea ioaeaeueiua iioai-
ieee e i?anooiieee.

2. I?e au?aaeaiiii no?aoa ca naay e naieo aeeceeo (ethaeae n
oaeie iioeaaoeeae n?aaee ianaeaiey aei 90%) i?anooiieee i?eia-
iytho oa?icu, a?oaia oece/aneia e ineoieiae/aneia ianeeea: ec-
aeaiea, iioeuaiea, ecianeeiaaiea, eano?aoeey, naaeaiea , ?yeao, n ia?anoaieai aeaiaaeiiai
aeieaa e oa?icie ?ani?aau, ca?aaeaiea NIEAeii eee iaecea/eiui
ooaa?eoeacii e ae?.

3. Naenoaeueiay yiioeeiiaeueiinoue. A yoii neo/aa /aeiaaeo eia-
ei iiaeniauaatho iieiaiai ia?oia?a n aeaeueiaeoei oaioaaeii e o. i.

4. Aioo?aiiee aaaioth?eci. A yoii neo/aa aoaeouae aea?oaa
i?anooiieee nicaeatho oneiaey e iiaeua?uaatho oaeei ia?acii, /oi-
au yoio /aeiaae ia/ae naith nianoaaiioth ?eneiaaiioth ea?o, e oia-
aea aai ia/eiatho eiio?iee?iaaoue, a caoai e eniieueciaaoue a naieo
i?anooiiuo oeaeyo.

5. N/aou n ainnenoaiie eee eiie?aoiie i?aaiecaoeeae. A yoii
neo/aa i?anooiieee eeai eniieuecotho nouanoaothuea ?aciiaeaney
e aiaeaeatho /aeiaaea a eiie?aoiue i?anooiiue noeaia?ee, eeai
iaauaieai eciaieoue neooaoeeth a ioaeioth aeey /aeiaaea noi?iio
aiaeaeatho aae a eiie?aoiua aeaenoaey e iinooiee.

6. N/aou n eiie?aoiuie eeoeaie. A yoii neo/aa o /aeiaaea ?ac-
aeeaatho iaaaoeaiua /oanoaa: iai?eyciue, ianoue, caaenoue, aeaeaiea
iaianoe a?aae eee oua?a e o. ae.

7. Iaoeeiiaeeci. A yoii neo/aa i?anooiieee o /aeiaaea ?ac-
aeeaatho /oanoai iaeaeu ca oie/oiaeaiea aai iaoeee , ?ac-
aeeaatho /oanoai iaiaaenoe e
e eiie?aoii yeiau aeiia-
iui, a caoai yoo iaiaaenoue eee aeaeinoue e eniieuecotho
a naieo i?anooiiuo noeaia?eyo. A nia?aiaiiie ?innee ineoioao-
iieiaee e?eieiaeueiiai aeiiica n ?acua?uaaieai eaeaiaoeeiiaeue-
iie ea?ou i?eiaiytho A. Cthaaiia, A. Aaeaea?, A. *oaaen, A. Ea-
aaaeue, A. I?eiaeia e ae?oaea i?anooiiua aaoi?eoaou, eioi?ua ecia-
?aaeatho ec naay iao?eioia, a ia naiii aeaea yaeythony ?aaeueiuie
anao oao i?anooieaiee i?ioea ?onneiai ia-
?iaea, eioi?ua inouanoaeytho o ian NOA, Aa?iaiey e aanue /.–.
oae iacuaaaiue . |[193]

7 Cae.I821

8. ?aeeaeiciua /oanoaa. O aeaiiie eaoaai?ee ethaeae i?anooi-
ieee i?iaoaeaeatho iai?eyciue e e i?eaycuaatho eii-
e?aoioth e?eieiaeueioth neooaoeeth e aeieo?eiai eniiaaaeoaiie ?a-
eeaee, ii?iaa?aay niaa?oaaiua i?anooieaiey.

9. A?aaeaeaineee aeiea. Ea?atho ia caeiiiiineooiinoe.

10. Iaua/aeiaa/aneay ii?aeue. Ea?atho ia ii?yaei/iinoe.

11. Iiaeniciaoaeueiay iio?aaiinoue a naiioaaaeaiee. Niaeoee-
?otho ia eaeaaeueiuo i?aaenoaaeaieyo /aeiaaea i naiii naaa.

12. Ei?ii?aoeaiay, eeaiiaay, oiaa?euaneay e eiay nieeaea?-
iinoue. Niaeoee?otho ia eiie?aoiie yeeoa?iinoe, * a?aonoaa> e /oa-
noaa oiaa?euaneiai, i?ioanneiiaeueiiai, eeaiiaiai eee eiiai aeieaa.

13. ssaiay neiiaoey e e?eieiaeueiiio aeiiioeca?o eee aai aea-
eai. A yoii neo/aa i?anooiieee iiaeua?uaatho e iiiu?ytho naith ao-
aeouoth aea?oao, i?aa?auay /oanoai neiiaoee a ii?aaeaeaiioth ine-
oieiae/aneoth, iaoa?eaeueioth eee eioth caaeneiinoue. Yoio i?anooi-
iue aeiiio?the i?eiaiee, iai?eia?, a naiae ea?uea?a A. Aeueoeei.

14. Ouaneaaea. I?iaioee?oaony aeaeaiea oaeiai /aeiaaea i?i-
ecaanoe ii?aaeaeaiiia aia/aoeaiea, iieacaoue naith cia/eiinoue, in-
aaaeiieaiiinoue e o. i.

15. Eaaeiiuneea. Oaeie /aeiaae i?eaiaeeony a aaccaaioiia ni-
noiyiea iainiio?eoaeueiinoe e aieoeeainoe. Eiiaaea i?anooiieee

a yoeo neo/ayo i?eiaiytho oaiiiai – yaii iiauoai-
iie aeiaa?/eainoe aea?oau e eaeei-eeai neooaoeeyi a iaeia a?aiy
e a ii?aaeaeaiiii ianoa (iai?eia?, , , e o. ae.).

16. Oaiaeeeainoue. A yoeo neo/ayo i?anooiieee /aoei ?aaeeco-
tho a naieo ieaiao caaeneiinoue aeaiiiai /aeiaaea io naiaai eee .

17. Oaiaoeci, ia eii-eeai eee /ai-eeai.
A yoeo neo/ayo i?anooiieee aeatho eee iaauatho naiae aea?oaa
ano?a/o eee iaeaaeaiea i?aaeiaoii eo no?anoe. Iai?eia?, eieeae-
oeeiia?o ae?aaieo eeii i?aaeeaaatho eee iaauatho ?aaeeoth ae?aaithth
eeiio iiae aeaiaaeiue aaain e o. ae.

18. Iane?uaaaiue ?an/ao iieo/eoue /oi-oi acaiai. A yoii neo-
/aa i?anooiieee i?eiaiytho ineoioaoieee e
, eee , eiaaea iauaeoo a iaiai ia ii-
?aaeaeaiioth oeaiiinoue, eioi?iaoeeth, iinooiie eee iiaaaeaiea iiae-
niauaaaony , iai?eia? ia?noaiue ni noaeeii aianoi a?ee-
eeaioa, oaeueoeaua aeieea?u e o. ae.

19. No?anoiia no?aieaiea oaaaeeoue a /ai-eeai, eciaieoue ioii-
oaiea e /aio-eeai eee eiio-eeai, iiaoaeeoue e ii?aaeaeaiiui aeae-
noaeyi. Ii ioiioaieth e oaeei ethaeyi i?anooiieee i?eiaiytho
iaoiaeu e . Iai?e-
ia?, iaeee (aoaeouay aea?oaa) ia/eiaao ainieou-
aaoue iaeiaai (aoaeouee i?anooiiee), o/aiee i?eoai-
?yaony, /oi iiaeaeaaony ainieoaieth, aoiaeeo a aeiaa?ea e , a caoai iaiaiuaaao aai, iino?iea naia i?anooieaiea ia
iiauoaiiii e iaio aeiaa?ee ni noi?iiu , e o. ae.

20. Ethaiaue eee iaiaaenoue e eiio-eeai. A yoeo neo/ayo i?a-
nooiieee i?eiaiytho oaioaae, ea?o ia yiioeeyo, aeao, iaiai, ?ac-

s ee/iua eaeaoaeou e eaeanaeaeaoaeuenoaa, eiaeiua ianoiy-
|[T94J| oaeuenoaaeae?.

Eoae, iiaeuoiaeeaay ana auoaneacaiiia, neaaeoao neacaoue, /oi
iinea oiai, eae i?anooiieee eco/ao ineoieiaeth naiae aoaeouae
aea?oau e iaeaeoo a iae , o. a. caiaoyo iniiaiua
oi?aaeythuea iioeau aa ?aaeoeee e iiaaaeaiey, iie i?eiaiytho
neaaeothuea n?aaenoaa ineoioece/aneiai aicaeaenoaey (?. ?iiei,
1998):

1. Iiaeeoi (iaauaiea eee ia?aaea/a aeaiaa e eiuo iaoa?eaeue-
iuo oeaiiinoae, eae, ai?i/ai, e niaeaenoaea a /ai-eeai).

2. Oaioaae (ia ?aaeueiia, ia noaa?eeiaaiiia, ia iauaeou oyc-
aeiinoe).

3. AEanoeay oa?ica eeai ?aaeueiue oaeo eae oece/aneiai, oae
e ineoieiae/aneiai aicaeaenoaey.

4. Niaoeeoe/aneia oi?ne?iaaiiia ineoioece/aneia aicaeae-
noaea iinea i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai iioeuaiey eee e?oiiiai iaaeoaa-
oaeuenoaa a aeaea:

– naenaicaeaenoaey (iaania/aiea e yenieoaoaoeey iai?aiaeiee-
iiai naenoaeueiiai aeaeaiey);

– aeiiiaicaeaenoaey (eniieueciaaiea aeiiieaeiuo oac ecia-
iaiiiai niciaiey n iiauoaiiie aiaoiae oi?aaeyaiinoueth);

– ia?eiaicaeaenoaey (aaiae niaoei?aia?aoia e oi?aaeaiea ii-
i?a/aiiui niciaieai n iineaaeothuei iieiui aaoiiaoe/aneei
caauaaieai (aiiaceae) i?ienoaaeoaai;

– eaeiaicaeaenoaey (aucuaaiea ia?eioe/aneie caaeneiinoe,
caoai nicaeaiea oneiaee e iaauaiea aa i?a?uaaiey);

– iuoeiaicaeaenoaey, eae naiay e?aeiyy ia?a (a iineaaeiea
aiaeu /anoi i?eiaiyaiue i?anooiieeaie aeae aicaeaenoaey a aeaea
iaia?aiineiiai aieiaea, aeaaeaeu, eeoaiey nia, aeeeoaeueiie iaiiae-
aeaeiie ecieyoeee, io?aaeaiey aaeuoaaiui aicaeooii, eeoaiey aeu-
oaiey, aucuaaiey iaia?aiineiie aiee e ae?.).

5. Naenoaeueiay iiaenoaaea (iiaeaaaeaiea ia?oia?a aeey oaiaa?e-
aaiey, iaiaia, oaioaaea, ioaeiiai aeeyiey e o. ae.).

6. Ea?a ia /oanoaao, yiioeeyo e no?anoyo (?acaeeaaiea iaiaae-
noe, ?aaiinoe, ethaae, ouaneaaey, ea?iaiai aca?oa e i?i/eo ineai-
eythueo /oanoa, iiae iaii?ii eioi?uo /aeiaae aeaenoaoao , , e o. ae.).

7. Ecaea/aiea ioaeiie eioi?iaoeee a oiaea eiaei i?iaaaeaiii-
ai ?acaiai?a:

– i?eai (iiiu?aiea ninoiyiey anoa-
noaaiiie eee einie?e?iaaiiie aieoeeainoe);

– i?eai (?aaeoeey iauaeoa ia niaoeeaeue-
ii iiaeaioiaeaiiua aii?inu);

– i?eai (nicaeaiea aia/aoeaiey, /oi i?anooiiee cia-
ao aieueoa, /ai ia naiii aeaea, a ?acoeueoaoa ia aeaeeo aeaeue-
iaeoae iaiaoiaeeiinoe /oi-oi ne?uaaoue);

– i?eai (i?iaaaeaiea oaiu, yaii niiniaiie au-
cuaaoue o iauaeoa iaeea annioeeaoeee n oai, /oi eioa?anoao i?anooi-
ieea);

– i?eai (i?inueaa i niaeaenoaee i?anooiieeo
eee eiio-eeai iinea i?eaaaeaiey iauaeoa a ninoiyiea ae?oaeaeth-
aey e aeaaiaeooey);

– i?eai (auaea/a oae- ^–>\
oo?u ii i?e/eia aini?eyoey i?anooiieea eae ). lu95JJ

– i?eai (acaeiiiaiai aeaiiu-
ie, neaaeoy eioi?iio i?anooiiee aeaao ieieioi, a iieo/aao iae-
neioi, i?e/ai i?anooiiee ia?aaeaao eeoue oo eioi?iaoeeth, eioi-
?ay aeey iaai aieaa-iaiaa aaca?aaeia e iaiiania);

– i?eai (oiii iino?iaiiay i?anooiieeii aana-
aea n yiioeeiiaeueii-eiae/aneei, ie?iaicc?ai/aneei eee aea eiui
iainiiaaieai iieaciinoe iciaeiieaiey n iaiaoiaeeiie aio eioi?-
iaoeeae io iauaeoa).

8. Oa?iaeieiae/aneia aicaeaenoaea (iieiinoueth ne?uoia e caaoa-
ee?iaaiiia, a eiie ?ac e ioe?iaaiiia i?eiaiaiea oeie/aneeo i?a-
ia?aoia, nicaeathueo eee aea oneeeaathueo iaiaoiaeeiia aeey i?iaa-
aeaiey iniiaiiai i?eaia oiiiaia ninoiyiea iauaeoa: no?ao, aacai-
eea, aeaaiaeooea, aieoeeainoue, naenoaeueiia aicaoaeaeaiea, yeoi?eth,

niieeainoue, oi?iiaeaiea e o. ae.).

9. Eniieueciaaiea neooia (neooe caioneathony i?anooiieeii
aeey auyniaiey ioiioaiey iauaeoa e niiauaaiiio eee aeey nicaea-
iey o iauaeoa ioaeiiai i?anooiieeo iiaiey ia ii?aaeaeaiiii /a-
eiaaea, niauoee, neooaoeee; eee aeey iiaeaioiaee ie?oaeathueo e
iaia/aiiiio aeayieth, eee aeey ?acaeeaaiey o iauaeoa-aea?oau no?a-
oa, iaoaa?aiiinoe, ?aaiinoe e o. ae.).

10. Aeaceioi?iaoeey (i?eiaiyaiay caaaaeiiay eiaeue eee niaoee-
aeueii eneaaeaiiay iieoi?aaaea, iiaeoaeeeaathuay iauaeoa e eiae-
iui noaeaeaieyi eee iinooieai; iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiu neaaeoth-
uea i?eaiu aeaceioi?iaoeee):

– i?yiia ne?uoea oaeoia;

– oaiaeaioeeiciue iiaeai? aeaiiuo;

– ia?ooaiea eiae/aneeo, a?aiaiiuo eee i?e/eiiuo naycae

iaaeaeo niauoeyie;

– iiaeaaaiea i?aaaeu a oaeii eiioaenoa (iai?eia?, eae yoi

aeaeatho OPT, HTB, ?O? e ae?. n aeiaaaeaieai eiaeiiai oaeoa, ia-
iaea, io?eoeaoaeueiie yiioeee e ae?.), /oiau iia aini?eieiaeanue

eae eiaeue;

– iiaea/a i?aaaeu onoaie oaeiai /aeiaaea, /oiau aa nooue auea

iaanaaaea aeene?aaeeoe?iaaia (oae, iai?eia?, nayoua neiaa i iaoae
?iaeeia, iaoeeiiaeueiuo eioa?anao e o. ae. i?iaia?eeaineea I?O,
HTB, ?O? e ae?oaea aeeaaeuaatho a onoa i?aaeaiiuo oaieiaiiio ?o-
eiaiaenoao no?aiu i?iaeaaeiuo eaeeioia oeia AEe?eiianeiai, Ia-
eaoiaa e ae?., /ai aeene?aaeeoe?otho iieiinoueth oo i?aaaeo, eioi?oth
iie aiai?yo; a ?acoeueoaoa yoeo niaianoiuo iaieioeyoeee
a?aaia e eaeeioia, oaeac?eoaeyi iaaycuaaaony iiieia-
iea ethaae e ?iaeeia, caueoa iaoeo iaoeeiiaeueiuo eioa?ania eae
iaaeiionoeiue a oeeaeeeciaaiiii iauanoaa );

– eceiaeaiea aaaeiaeoeo aeaiiuo ia y?eii oiia ioaeaeath-
ueo aieiaiea naaaeaiee;

– niaoeaaiea ?acii?iaeiuo iiaiee e oaeoia a niaoeeaeueiuo

oeaeyo;

– niiauaiea eioi?iaoeee oaeeie neiaaie eee oaeei ia?a-
cii, /oi aa iiaeii enoieeiaaoue ii-?aciiio;

– iaoiiieiaiea eeth/aauo aeaoaeae oaeoa;

,–^ – ia?aaeae eioi?iaoeee a oi, /oi iaeeaeatho e oioyo oneu-

oe96]| aiaoueUauaeou-aea?oau.

11. Aa?aiaea. Iaeaieaa i?eaiaeiu aeey aa?aiaee oa, eoi iaea-
aeaao iaeeie ii?aeueiuie ecuyiaie (no?anoueth e aeeiaieth, naen-
?acaea/aieyi, ia?eioeeai e ae?.); aeia?aoee;

eiatho aeieae; neeueii i?eaycaiu e eiio-eeai (/aio-eeai); ii ea-
eei-oi i?e/eiai (cao?oaeiaiey a ea?uea?a, neiaeiinoe a ee/iie
aeecie, acaeyaeu ia i?iaiaeeioth iieeoeeo e ae?.) i/aiue neeueii ?ac-
ae?aaeaiu.

12. Iaiai. Iaeaieaa /anoi eiaiii iaiai eaaeeo a iniiaa iii-
aeo neo/aaa e?eieiaeueiiai aeiiica. Eo/oa anao iaiai eae oaii- J/ \\
iai enneaaeiaae ecaanoiue ?onneee niaoeeaeeno TH?ee Aeeoi?iae/
Ua?aaouo a eieaa (1998).

Eino?oiaioii iaiaia iiaeao auoue /oi oaiaeii – ethaie oaeo,
i?aaeiao, yaeaiea. E oioy, eae iu auynieee, iniiaiui n?aaenoaii
iaiaia yaeyaony neiai, a aeaiiii ?acaeaea eieae iu inoaiiaeiny
ia aauanoaaiiuo n?aaenoaao, e /eneo eioi?uo, aaconeiaii, ioii-
neony iaeaaeaea. Nia?aiaiiue yiiineee iiaeaeuea? TH?eei Oaeaae
neacae eae-oi a eioa?aueth, /onthaeaaeaea – yoi i?iaeieaeaiea /aeiaa- ^*. Naia no?aiiia iiaaaeaiea ii
iauyniee oaeeaeaiiui oicyaaai neaaeothuei ia?acii: .

Niune yoiai aiaeaeioa, eiia/ii, caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi ca
iaeaaeaeie ioaeii oiaoue aeaeaoue /aeiaaea, ii aeey ian a aeaiiii neo-
/aa eioa?anii ae?oaia: ethaeae eaaei iaiaiooue i?e iiiiue iaeaae-
aeu. ssaeyynue /enoi aiaoiei oaeoi?ii, iia oai ia iaiaa ii?aaea-
eaiiui ia?acii naycuaaaony n ee/iinoueth aa Iaeaaeaoaey. Iaaea?ii
yna ?onneay iineiaeoea aeaneo: . Oaeei ia?acii, ia?aia aia/aoeaiea i iaciaeiioea ethaee
auioaeaeaiu aeaeaoue ii aai iaeaaeaea. Anee aea yoa iaeaaeaea yaeyaony
noaiaea?oiie aeey eeoe eaeie-oi ii?aaeaeaiiie i?ioannee eee nioee-
aeueiie a?oiiu, oi ethaee ia?aiinyo ia aa iaeaaeaoaey naie onoaiia-
ee e noa?aioeiu, eioi?uie, ii eo iiaieth, iaeaaeatho ethaee ec aeai-
iie nioeeaeueiie eaoaai?ee.

*aeiaae, iaeaoue a oieoi?io, a aeacao ie?oaeathueo eae au
oa?yao naie niaoeeoe/aneea ee/iinoiua naienoaa, i?eia?a- —
oay acaiai eo iauea naienoaa, i?enouea ethaeyi aeaiiie

i?ioannee. Aianoi eiie?aoiuo ethaeae iu aeaeei ia?aae niaie * ie-
eeoeeiia?a>, , , /ai e iieuecothony iioaiieee.
Aio iaeei ec iiaeiaiuo neo/aaa, i?eaaaeaiiue Oa?aiiaui a naiae

eieaa .

.

A aio ae?oaie neo/ae, i eioi?ii ?anneacaea aacaoa (? 2 ca 1996 a.).

.

Iiiaeanoai i?eia?ia i?eiaiaiey iaeaaeaeu a ea/anoaa ianee-
?iaee iiaeii iaia?oaeeoue a iaoae enoi?ee. Aicueiai oioy au Eo-
eeeianeoth aeoao.

Eaoiienue ?anneacuaaao, /oi eiycue Aeieo?ee Aeiineie ia?aae
aiai iaea/eeny a aeiniaoe i?inoiai aieia, a naith iaeaaeaeo ioaeae
aiy?eio A?aiei, /oiau n?aaeaoueny a ia?auo ?yaeao aienea. Ii aaaeue
aiciiaeii e ae?oaia oieeiaaiea aeaiiiai niauoey: Aeieo?ee iaia-
ioe oaoa? e aiy?eia. Aai caiunae oaeaeny: niaoeeaeue-
iue io?yae oaoa?neeo aieiia ii i?eeaco oaia Iaiay i?iaeeny e
ianoo, aaea iiae eiyaeaneei ciaiaiai aiy?ei A?aiei neaeae ia eiia
Aeieo?ey, a aai aeiniaoao e e?aniii ieaua. Oaoa?u oie/oiaeeee
io?aio e oaeee A?aiei. Nai aea Aeieo?ee Aeiineie ooeaeae.

Oieon n ia?aiaeaaaieai a 1946 aiaeo i?eiaiee eaaaiaea?iue
/.–“s ia?oae AEoeia, eiaaea ii eiiaiaeiaae Iaeanneei ie?oaii.
||,198 JJ Ai?iae oiaaea aeee ianiieieii: aai oa??i?ece?iaaee aaiaee-

ou e ai?ianeea oaeee. Iaeanneou aa/a?aie caie?aeenue a aeiiao,
aiyeenue auoiaeeoue ia oeeoeo. Ieeeoeey n ianoaiiaeie ia ni?aaey-
eanue, e ca aeaei acyeny ia?oae AEoeia. Iiae aai ?oeiaiaenoaii no?i-
aaui ioeoea?ai-o?iioiaeeai auaeaee ni neeaaeia iiaeioth a?aaeaeai-
neoth iaeaaeaeo – o?ioaeiua ieaue e oeyiu, aii?oaeea i?e yoii
?aaieueaa?aie. Ia?aiaeaoua a ooaoneia, iiae aeaeii i?eee/ii iaea-
ouo aoeye ioeoea?u iiyaeyeenue ia naiuo oaiiuo e ionouiiuo
oeeoeao, aaea noaiiaeeenue iauaeoaie iaiaaeaiey aaiaeeoia. Aaeaiai
e ao?iai iaeao/eee iaiaaeaee ia iiaeii iaeaoiai , a a eoiaa ieacuaaeenue ca ?aoaoeie. I?ioei nianai ia-
iiiai a?aiaie – ea ai?iaea aioea?eeenue ii?yaeie e niieienoaea.

Anai ecaanoia aanaeay eiiaaeey Yeueaea?a ?ycaiiaa ia ioaaaeiie aeaaooea, eioi?ay, ia?aiaeaaoenue a ioaeneia
ieaouea, ioi?aaeeanue aiaaaoue a ea/anoaa aona?a. Iaeiaei ia ana cia-
tho, /oi nthaeao oeeueia aanueia iaaeaeae io enoi?e/aneie i?aaaeu e
o aa?ieie aeo?enu Aieoaeeiie aue ?aaeueiue aeeciaiiue i?ioi-
oei. ?a/ue eaeao i Iaaeaaeaea Aeaenaiae?iaia Aeo?iaie (1783-1866),
eioi?ay aioea a ?onneoth enoi?eth iiae eiaiai . Iia auea aei/a?ueth aona?neiai ?ioieno?a e iieo/eea ii/oe
ioaeneia ainieoaiea. A ainaiiaaeoeaoue eao Iaaeaaeaea Aeo?iaa auo-
ea caioae, ii oaea a 1806 aiaeo, ia?aiaeaaoenue a eaca/uea ieaouea, oaa-
aeaea ec aeiia e iinooieea a A?iaeiaineee oeaineee iiee.

Ne?uaay naie enoeiiue iie, iia aanueia oniaoii neoaeeea e
aeaaea o/anoaiaaea a aiyo. Ca o?aa?inoue, i?iyaeaiioth a n?aaeaiee
i?e O?eaeeaiaea, iia iieo/eea Aai?aeaaneee e?ano – aanueia ?aae-
eoth e ii/aoioth ii oai a?aiaiai iaa?aaeo, iinea /aai auea i?iec-
aaaeaia a ioeoea?u e ia?aaaaeaia a Ia?eoiieueneee aona?neee iiee.
Eiaaea aa iaiai ioe?ueny, aeaei aeioei aei eiia?aoi?a. Aeaenaiae? I
n iiieiaieai ioianny e Aeo?iaie e i?eiye o/anoea a aa aeaeao. Ia-
aeaaeaea Aeo?iaa o/anoaiaaea a eaiiaieyo 1812-1813 aiaeia, auea
eiiooaeaia i?e Ai?iaeeineii n?aaeaiee e auoea a ionoaaeo a 1816
aiaeo a /eia ooaan-?ioieno?a n iieiui iaineiiii.

Aei eiioea naieo aeiae iia iineea ioaeneie einothi, a a 1836
aiaeo iioaeeeiaaea a aeo?iaea io?uaee ec naieo
ainiiieiaiee, icaaeaaeaiiua . Aa iaioa?u
auee n eioa?anii ano?a/aiu /eoaoaeyie e iaeia?aiu Aeaenaiae-
?ii Na?aaaae/ai Iooeeiui, eioi?ue niaaoiaae Aeo?iaie i?iaeie-
aeaoue eeoa?aoo?ioth aeayoaeueiinoue.

Ai?i/ai, ieacuaaaony, oaeay naiaia?aciay oi?ia iaiaia, eae
ia?aiaeaaaiea aeaiueiu a aiaiioth oi?io, ioia/aeanue a ?onneie en-
oi?ee e ?aiueoa. Caiaoeo i oaeii neo/aa a aei?aaiethoeeiiiii aeo?-
iaea iia ?acuneae niae?aoaeue noa?uo eiea Aeeoi? Aeaenaaae/
Ua?aaouo. A 1902 aiaeo a aeo?iaea auea
iioaeeeiaaia noaouey i i?aaeoanoaaiieoea I. Aeo?iaie, aeeaoae a
XVIII noieaoee, – aeaaeoea Oaoueyia Ie?iiiaia Ia?eiaie. ?iaeii iia
auea ec aeiineie noaieoeu. Eiaaea aeaaeoea auei aeaaaeoeaoue eao e ae ii-
?yaeeii iaaeiaee ianoie/eaua ooaaeeaaiey ninaaeneeo aeaieoia, iia
aeinoaea naaa ioaeneoth iaeaaeaeo, ino?eaea aieinu e oaaaeaea a Iiai-
/a?eanne. Caoai iia iinooieea ?yaeiaui a iaoioiue iiee, aaea i?i-
yaeea naay n naiie eo/oae noi?iiu. Ca ona?aeea a aieineie neoaeaa
e i?iyaeaiioth o?aa?inoue iia auea i?iecaaaeaia nia/aea a
oioa?-ioeoea?u, a ni a?aiaiai aeineoaeeeanue aei eaieoaia.

E

f

Ai a?aiaia oea?noaiaaiey Aeaoa?eiu Aaeeeie n Oaoueyiie, neo-
aeeaoae iiae oaieeeae Eo?oi/eei (ii ae?oaie aa?nee – Eo?/eoei),
neo/eeny ii/oe aiaeaeioe/aneee neo/ae, aaeaa ia caeii/eaoeeny
aeey iaa o?aae/anee. Eaieoai Eo?oi/eei aue ioaeai iiae noae ca… ni-
aeaciaiea aei/a?e iaeiiai ec ioeoea?ia aa iieea. Yoa aeaaooea, aetha-
eaiiay a eaeaeaieoaia, ieeae ia iiaea aeiaeoueny acaeiiinoe e a
eiioea eiioeia ni ceinoe ieeaaaoaea i?aaeiao naiae no?anoe a oii, /oi
eaieoai yeiau niaeaciee e a?inee aa, iiiaauaa aeaieoueny. Eae ie
iuoaeanue Oaoueyia ii?iaa?aiooue yoi noieue aano?aeiia aeey iaa iaae-
iaiea, o iaa ie/aai ia auoei. No?iaee noae i?eaiai?ee aa e eeoa-
ieth anao i?aa e aunueea a Neae?ue. Oiaaea iia Iiaeaea i?ioaiea e
eiia?ao?eoea, a eioi?ii /anoii ?anneacaea i naiae iaiau/iie noaeue-
aa. Eiaaea auynieeinue, /oi eaieoai Eo?oi/eei – aeaiueia, oi ?a-
oaiea noaea auei ioiaiaii, e aa oaieeee a ionoaaeo n inoaaeaieai
ca iae /eia eaieoaia. Eae ieoao aeo?iae, aeinoaoie naiae aeecie
iia i?iaaea aeooi e aaaeii a ?iaeiie noaieoea, a iaeaiueeie oaoea, ca

?acee/iuie oicyenoaaiiuie caaioaie>.

?anneacuaay i ia?aiaeaaaieyo aeaiuei a ioaeneia ieaouea,

iaeuecy ia cao?iiooue ia?aoioth oaio – i ia?aiaeaaaieyo ioae/ei a
aeaineea ia?yaeu. Aaconeiaiui /aiieiiii a yoii
ii i?aao yaeyaony eaaaiaea?iue eaaaea? ae’Yii aea Aiiii, aeeciue
eioi?iai aaeioiiaeea iiiaeanoai ienaoaeae ia nicaeaiea aaaioth?-
iuo ?iiaiia. Ee/iue oieii Ethaeiaeea XV i?e ?onneii aeai?a
aieueooth /anoue naiae aeecie i?iaeee a iaeeea aeaiueiu, ai?i/ai,
n eaaeinoueth iaiyy aaa?a e ieaouey ia ioiaee? e oiaao. Iiae aeaeii
aeaaeoeu Eee aea Aiiii ii i?eacaeaao a Iaoa?ao?a, ciaeiieony n
o?aeeeiie eiia?ao?eoeu Iaaeaaeaeie Ooaei e /a?ac iaa aoiaeeo a
aeiaa?ea e naiie Aeecaaaoa. Oae o?aioeocneee oieii noaiiaeony
ia aieaa e ia iaiaa eae ?onneie eiia?ao?eoeu>, aeiiouai-
iie a eioeiiua iieie naaa?iie aeanoeoaeueieoeu.

Nionoy iaeioi?ia a?aiy eaaaea? ae’Yii aiiaue iiyaeyaony a Ia-
oa?ao?aa, ii oaea a ioaeneii ia?yaea e a ea/anoaa ?iaeiiai a?aoa Eee
aea Aiiii. Iioii auea aeeeiiay, iieiay i?eeeth/aiee e naiuo io-
-/ayiiuo aaaioth? aeeciue, eiiaoe eioi?ie, niaeanii i?eeaco ei?i-
ey, ii i?iaae a aeaineii ieaouea. Ca naie aae yoio oaeaioeeaue ie-
noeoeeaoi? noieueei ?ac i?aa?auaeny ec Oa?ey a Eeth, iioii a
AEaiaaueaao e iiyoue a Oa?ey, /oi iieiinoueth caiooae nia?aiaiie-
eia. Oaea i?e aeecie i iai oiaeeee eaaaiaeu e caeeth/aeenue iiiai-
/eneaiiua ia?e ioiineoaeueii aai enoeiiiai iiea. Nai ii oieueei
naouae ie?oaeaaoee aai oaeinoaaiiue i?aie. Eae ieoao ?. Aa-
eionia a eieaa , ii <...oi ianoaeaae aio iineoue ae ioiaee e o aa iooue i iacuaaoueny ioae oi cayaeye naaa ii aeai- ueia naiay ian ana oaa iaia noaoue iiiaoeiae iiiieieoue iaii aeaa nay- oie ...iineaaeiea ainaiiaaeoeaoue eao a eiiaeiia ca ia oaooiaaiey. oai aieaa auei ioaiy aeaaaea iaaeaioacaeue iaee- iaeiai eiaei aeaaeaaoay aaa oiaaie>.

Oia? ae’Yii a 1810 aiaeo ainueieaeanyoe aeaoo eao. N?aco aea auea
/.–^, nicaeaia oeaeay eiienney, /oiau inaeaeaoaeuenoaiaaoue oaei e
[[200JJ ?ac e iaanaaaea ?ac?aoeoue caaaaeeo – Oa?eue eee AEaiaauea-

aa yoio ae’Yii. I?e nai i?enoonoaiaaee, iiieii o?ao a?a/ae, i?i-
eo?i?, nayuaiiee, o?aioeocneee eiinoe e aua /aeiaae aeaaiaaeoeaoue
iiiyouo. A i?ioieiea, iiaeienaiiii a?a/aie e anaie i?enoonoaoth-
ueie, auei neacaii, /oi i?e ianeaaeiaaiee oaea oaaaeuea ae’Yiia
iaii?iaa?aeeii onoaiiaeaii, /oi .
Aiiaua iaaei ioiaoeoue, /oi ?ani?ino?aiaiiinoue iaiaia iooai ia-
?aiaeaaaiey ianoieueei aaeeea, /oi aai ia ieiiaaee aeaaea aeeaio-
iua. Ecaanoiue ?inneeneee a?oeno Eaa Aeo?ia ?anneacae ia iaeiii
neo/aa, i?iecioaaeoai a yeeoiii ioioie/ueai oicyenoaa, ianeo-
aeeaaaoai /eaiia Iieeoath?i OeE EINN.

Ooaea ia ioioo i?eauee Aaia?aeueiue nae?aoa?ue Ieeeoa O?o-
uaa e oiaaeaoiee i?aaeoaeue Ainoi/iie Aa?iaiee Oiiaeea?. I?e-
/ai iineaaeiee aue no?anoiui ethaeoaeai ioiou ia caeoeaa. Aeey
oaeeo ainoae ca?aiaa iieiaiiuo caeoeaa auioneaee ia eoaeaeeo
ia?aae ioioie/ueei aeiieeii, e oa no?aeyee eo i?yii n e?ueueoea
aeiia. Iaeiaei iaeaioia neo/eeanue iai?eyoiinoue: ecai?iaeue caai-
ia, aaea niaea?aeaeenue caa?e, i?iooaeeeanue, e ana caeoeu aei aaeeiiai
aeaaiiieo/ii naaaeaee a ean. Ociaa ia yoii, O?ouaa i?eoae a
y?inoue e iiiaauae niyoue n ?aaiou anao aeiiaiuo a n?uaa ioiou

aai aunieiiinoaaeaiiiai ainoy.

Aaa?y aea aanueia aei?iaeeee naiae iaiueueiie e aeioiaeiie neoae-
aie e iiyoiio noaee eeoi?aaei/ii niia?aaeaoue, eae ei auiooaoueny
ec neiaeeaoaainy iieiaeaiey. A O?ouaa n Oiiaeea?ii oai a?aia-
iai iioee ia?aeoneoue e auieoue n aei?iae. E ooo aeaaiiio aaa?th
i?eoea a aieiao aaieaeueiay iuneue. Ii acye cay/ueth oeo?o e aia-
noa n oiaa?euaie caoee a iaa ianoiiai eioa, aeeaoaai o ieo a aeiia.
Iinea yoiai iie auianee aaaeiia aeeaioiia ia eoaeaeeo ia?aae aei-
iii e niiaueee ia yoii ainoyi. Oaea ia nianai o?acaua ?oeiaiaee-
oaee ae?oaeanoaaiiuo aea?aeaa aunei/eee ia e?ueueoei e ia/aee ia-
eeoue ii iaio ec ?oaeae. Iaeo?aaoee io no?aeueau eio ia iaoae ie-
/aai eo/oaai, eae no?aeie anea?aaeaoueny ia aeeaeaeooth ninio.
Io oaeiai iaiau/iiai c?aeeua iaioeo noaei ieioi.

– *oi ca oaeeaeoaeueiay no?aia, – aiai?ee ii iioii. – Caeanue

aeaaea caeoeu ii aea?aaueyi eacatho!

Iiieii iaeaaeaeu, i?aaeiaoii iaiaia iiaeao auoue ethaie ae?o-
aie iaoa?eaeueiue iauaeo /aeiaa/aneiai ie?oaeaiey, iniaaiii
anee iaiaoiaeeii auaeaoue aeaeaaiia ca aeaenoaeoaeueiia. Ca i?eia-
?ii ia?aoeiny e aeaoneie eeanneea – iiaanoe Euethena Ey??ieea

:

A aio i?eia? oaea ec ?aaeueiie aeecie.

A 1963 aiaeo Ieeeoa O?ouaa ioioeeny iiae Ano?aoaiueth e iao-
eei auno?aeii noea e?aneaiai naeaciy. E caoioaeinue aio, /oiau
ec ooee naeaeaee /o/aei ia iaiyoue. Ia?oaiai naeaciy iieiaeeee a
oeaeeioaiiaue iaeao e iiaacee e ecaanoiiio niaoeeaeenoo ii ec-
aioiaeaieth /o/ae A. E. Aieiaa/aao. Iiea aacee ii aea?a, ooea noa-
ea ii?oeoueny e ia?uey ec iaa iieacee. No?iaea ethaee a ooaoneii
iiniio?aee Aieiaa/aao a aeaca e oaa?aei neacaee: E oaoaee. *oi aeaeaoue? Acye ii ?o-
aeuea e iiaaaeae a aeeaeaeoea eaiuoe ca /oaeii. Iiaeno?aeee iiae-
oiaeyuoth ii ?acia?ai ooeo e auno?i naeaeae ec iaa /o/aei, ia ca-
aua i?inaa?eeoue oeeii a niioaaonoaothueo ianoao aeu?ee yeiau
io o?ouaaneiai ae?iaiaeea. Ieeeoa Na?aaaae/, aiai?yo, aue i/aiue
aeiaieai. A i iiaeiaia Aieiaa/aa o?eaeoeaoue eao iie/ae, eae i aaae-
iie ainoaea?noaaiiie oaeia.

Auaaao, /oi no?aieaiea auaeaoue aeaeaaiia ca aeaenoaeoaeueiia
aeioiaeeo aei aano?aea, /oi e iaoei naia io?aaeaiea a aiaeaeioa.

A ?aeaoiie /anoe aeaeoo i?eacaea e?oiiiai ia/aeueieea ec Ie-
ienoa?noaa iai?iiu. *enoyo, e?anyo, ae?ayo ana aei aeanea. I?eac-
aeaao aaia?ae. Eaeao ii oa??eoi?ee /anoe, ana i?eaee?/eai iniao-
?eaaao. Aae?oa caia/aao aaae?i ec-iiae e?anee, caauoia a niaoea nie-
aeaoii ia eiioea caieoiie ?aeaou.

– Yoi /oi oaeia? – no?iai ia?auaaony i?iaa?ythuee e eiiai-
aee?o /anoe.

– Y-y-y, nae/an auyniei, – eaia/ao ?anoa?yiiue iieeiaiee
e euao acaeyaeii i?aii?ueea, aioiaynue ni?aaoue ia iai ceinoue.
Ii i?aii?uee auno?i iaoiaeeo auoiae ec iieiaeaiey.

– Yoi, oiaa?eu aaia?ae, iineaaeiaa aeinoeaeaiea aiaiiie ia-
oee – iaeo?iiiue aaiia-io?aaeaoaeue.

– Nai aeaeo, /oi iaeo?iiiue io?aaeaoaeue, – iaaeiaieueii ao?-
/eo i?iaa?ythuee. – ss ni?aoeaath, ii/aio ii ia iie?aoai?

Ii yoi oooea, a aiiaua iaiai, iniiaaiiue ia iiaeiaia i?aae-
iaoia, aeiaieueii oe?iei i?eiaiyaony a aiaiiii aeaea.

A oiaea aieiu ca inaiaiaeaeaiea Eoaaeoa iaaeaeo IIOA e E?aeii
a Ia?neaeneii caeeaa aia?eeaioeu i?eiaieee iiiaeanoai oaoie-
/aneeo ecia?aoaiee – io noia?eiiiuethoa?ia aei iiaaeoeo eaca?-
iuo i?eoeaeia. Eo aiiau, nia?yaeu e ?aeaou i?aeoe/anee aac i?i-
iaoa ii?aaeaee a?aaeaneea oeaee, ii a oiaea aieiu auyaeeinue, /oi
e?aioeu noiaee i?ioeaiiinoaaeoue oaoie/aneiio i?aainoiaenoao
naieo i?ioeaieeia yeaiaioa?ioth oeo?inoue e iaaeoaaoaeuenoai (i?e-
/ai a i?yiii niunea yoiai neiaa). Ieacuaaaony, ca ianeieueei eao
aei aiaiiuo aeaenoaee a?aau caeoieee a Eoaeee aieueooth ia?oeth
ioeyaeae, eieoe?othueo ?acee/ioth aiaiioth oaoieeo – io oai-
eia aei ?aeaoiuo onoaiiaie. Eo-oi n oaeei ona?aeeai e a?iieee aia-
?eeaioeu. Noieiinoue iaeiiai iiaeaeaeueiiai oaiea oe?iu ec Oo?eia, naeaeaiiiai ec noaeeiaieieia ia iaoaeee/aneii
ea?eana, ninoaaeyea /ooue aieueoa 30 ouny/ aeieea?ia, a oeaia iaeiie
, e?ueaoie ?aeaou oeia , eioi?ay yoio aeieaeia
auea oie/oiaeeoue, – 1,3 ieeeeiia aeieea?ia. Iiyoiio, o?aoy naie
?aeaou ia ethaacii i?aaeinoaaeaiiua e?aeoeaie ieoaie, aia?e-
‘,–.s eaioeu oae e ia niiaee oie/oiaeeoue ?aaeueioth, oi?ioi ca-
[202JJ ianee?iaaiioth aiaiioth oaoieeo – oaiee e ?aeaou, ei-

oi?ua iinea ieii/aiey aieiu a caeeaa Naaeaeai Oonaei eniieueci-
aae aeey iiaeaaeaiey ainnoaiey eo?aeia ia naaa?a.

13. Oeo?inoue. Aeey ia/aea ioaeii ii?aaeaeeoueny n iiiyoeyie.
A neiaa?a Iaeaaiaa ii?aaeaeaiea o?aeooaony a ianeieue-
eeo niuneao. Yoi e eoeaaue, e ecai?ioeeaue, e ecia?aoaoaeueiue,
oae /oi oeo?inoue ioaaouaaao ana iooaiee ii?aeueiuo ioeaiie – io
inoaeaeathueo () aei iaeia?eoaeueiuo
().

I?eia?u oeo?inoe iu iiaeai iaeoe eae a aeecie, oae e a eth-

aie eeoa?aoo?a – io aeaoneeo neacie aei Aeaeee. Aeaaea Eenon O?e-
noin, aoaeo/e Nuiii Aiaeueei, ia a?acaiaae i?eiaiyoue aa i?ioea
naieo iiiiiaioia. Acyoue oioy au ciaiaieooth i?iaieaoeeth oa?e-
naaa n iaaa?iie aeaiie (Eiaii. 8; 3-11). Eiaaea eieaeieee e oa?e-
nae i?eaaee e iaio aeaiueio, oee/aiioth a i?aethaiaeayiee, e ii-
noaaeee aii?in i ia?a aa iaeacaiey, eacaeinue, /oi Eenono ia aua-
?aoueny ec yoie eiaooee. Eaeia au ?aoaiea ii ie i?eiye, aai aeaeae
i?iea?uo. Anee au ii, niaeanii nayuaiiui caaaoai Iienay, ii-
niaaoiaae au iiaeoue aa eaiiyie, oi oai naiui ii?iaa?a au naia
o/aiea i anai?iuaiee; anee aea iii?inee au ioionoeoue aa, oi oai
naiui iiiu?ee au a?ao.

Eenon iinooiee eia/a. Ii oeeiieeny io i?yiiai ioaaoa, ii naea-
eae yoi oae eneonii, /oi ieeoi ia niia a yoii aai iaaeieoue. Eae
ieoao Eiaii, O?enoin neaeae, ia aeyaey ia oa?enaaa, eae au caaeo-
iaaoenue i naiai, e /oi-oi /a?oee iaeueoeai ia caiea. Eiaaea io iaai
aoi?ie ?ac iio?aaiaaee i?eiyoey eaeiai-oi ?aoaiey, Eenon ia na-
eoiaeo ioi?aaeny io naiaai caiyoey e eae au iaaeaeo i?i/ei i?iec-
ian naith ciaiaieooth o?aco: , oai naiui ia?aeiaeea ioaaonoaaiiinoue ia naieo oa-
?enaaa, aea aua canoaaea eo aniiiieoue i naiae ia/enoie niaanoe.

Ae?oaie i?eia? oeo?inoe e iaiaeie ecai?ioeeainoe Eenon i?i-
yaee i?e eiaa?iii aii?ina oa?enaaa ian/ao oieaou iaeiaia a eac-
io ?eineiai eiia?aoi?a. E iiyoue, eae a enoi?ee n a?aoieoeae, eth-
aie eiie?aoiue ioaao aue au ia a iieueco O?enoa. Ioeac io oiea-
ou iaeiaia icia/ae i?ecua e iaiiaeiiaaieth aeanoyi e no?iaia
iaeacaiea, i?ecua ieaoeoue iaiaaenoiiio eiia?aoi?o iaecaaaeii
iooieeioe au io Eenona aai i?eaa?aeaioeaa, iaiaaeaeyueo caaia-
aaoaeae.

O?enoin niiaa n aeaneii auaa?ioeny ec eiaa?iie eiaooee.
Ai?i/ai, eo/oa i?aaeinoaaeoue neiai Iaooath, iaeiiio ec aaaiaa-
eenoia.

.
aaeoa eana?aai eana?th, a Aiaeea Aiao> (Iaoo. 22; 15-22). IJ.203J

Aeaenaiae? Eaaaoaiei a eieaa , ni-
noaaeaiiie ia iniiaa eco/aiey o?aeoaoia ae?aaieo a?aaneeo ioae-
?aoeia, ienae, /oi oeo?inoue iai?yioth naycaia n ?acoiii, aaeei-
noaaiiui iaeaaeaoaeai eioi?iai yaeyaony /aeiaae. Ii ioia/ae, /oi
anee aieiaoaeueii i?iaiaeece?iaaoue n?aaeiaaaeiaua a?aaneea eie-
ae, ianoaaeythuea e iio/athuea i?aaeoaeae, oi auaiae iiaeao auoue
oieueei iaeei: /aeiaae noieo ia?aae auai?ii – auoue ?acoiiui e
oeo?eoue eee ioeacaoueny io oeo?inoae e eneeth/eoue naay ec ?ac?y-
aea ?acoiiuo nouanoa.

I?e/ai ieacuaaaony, /oi iaiaiuaaoue iiaeii ia oieueei ethaeae,
ii e naiiai Aeeaoa! Aaaeue Ei?ai iaeiicia/ii cai?auaao aeaaaoue aeaiue-
ae a ?ino iiae i?ioeaiou, ii oaea a n?aaeiea aaea ?inoiaueee iao/e-
eenue eiaei iaoiaeeoue yoio caeii Oa?eaoa.

Aeiionoei, /aeiaae oioae acyoue o ?inoiaueea 1000 aeeia?ia a
aeiea iiae 20% aiaeiauo. A i?enoonoaee naeaeaoaeae ii iiaeienuaae
n ?inoiaueeii aeiaiai? yeiau i iieoiea ?aaa o yoiai ?inoiaueea.
?aa ioeaieaaeny a 1200 aeeia?ia, e iieoiaoaeue (ii aea caaiuee)
iaycuaaeny aa?iooue yoe aeaiueae ?inoiaueeo /a?ac aiae. Yoeo aeaiaa
o iieoiaoaey, anoanoaaiii, ia auei, e ii ooo aea ia?ao-
ii yoiai aea ?aaa ?inoiaueeo ca 1000 aeeia?ia. ?inoiauee a?o/ae
/aeiaaeo aeaiueae, e iie aeaaiiieo/ii ?anoiaeeeenue, /oiau ano?a-
oeoueny /a?ac aiae. Neiaeiiaaoay eiiaeiaoeey, ia i?aaaea ee? Ii a
eoiaa o ioaeaeathuaainy a aeaiueaao /aeiaaea ieacuaaeanue iaiaoiaee-
iay noiia a 1000 aeeia?ia, o ?inoiaueea – aeieaiaay ?anienea,
ii eioi?ie ii /a?ac aiae iieo/ae naie aeaiueae ia?aoii + 200 aeeia-
?ia a ea/anoaa i?ioeaioia, a o ?aaieoaeae Ei?aia – niooiia iuo-
uaiea, /oi eo iaiaioee, oioy oi?iaeueii a aeiea ieeoi ieeiio ia
aeaaae – i?inoi ca aa/a? aeaaaeaeu i?iaeaee iaeiiai e oiai aea ?aaa.
Ii aaaeue Ei?ai yoiai ia cai?auae?

Yoio i?eia? aanueia oa?aeoa?ai, oae eae iieacuaaao aanueia
cuaeoth a?aiue iaaeaeo oeo?inoueth e iaiaiii, eai o?oaeii i?eiaieoue
iineaaeiee oa?iei aeey neo/ay iaoiaea einiuo i?aaee, iaoathueo
caieiaoueny ii?iaeueiui aecianii. Eiia/ii, aeaaaoue aeaiueae a aeiea
e iaaeeaaoueny ia ethaeneeo ioaeaeao aeinoaoi/ii aii?aeueii, ii nen-
oaia e?aaeeoia ninoaaeyao iniiao ethaie ?uii/iie yeiiiieee, e
iaieoenue aac iaa oiaea iaaiciiaeii. Oa?iei i?eiaiy-
tho a neo/aa, anee eiaeiay eioi?iaoeey i?aaeiacia/aia aeey /aeiaa-
ea eee a?oiiu ethaeae, iiyoiio a auoai?eaaaeaiiii i?eia?a ?a/ue
eaeao nei?aa i oeo?inoe.

Auaatho neooaoeee, aaea oeo?inoue oaea aieioioth i?eaeeaeaaony
e iaiaio, oae /oi eo o?oaeii ?acee/eoue. A ia/aea 90-o aiaeia, a yii-
oo ao?iiai ?acaeoey ?uii/iie yeiiiieee, caeiiu ia iiniaaaee
ca iiauie oi?iaie oicyenoaiaaiey, e eiaeea aecianiaiu i?e-
aeoiuaaee aeanyoee eacaae, iicaieythueo iaoiaeeoue aeaenoaothuaa
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai, i?aaeaea /ai ainoaea?noai oniaaaei auionoeoue ni-
ioaaonoaothuea iiaecaeiiiua aeou, cae?uaathuea a iaei-
aiauo iinooieaieyo.

Iai?eia?, iaeii i?aaei?eyoea aeieaeii ia?a/eneeoue aeaiueae ca
i?eia?aoaaioth i?iaeoeoeeth. Ii n yoeo noii iinoaauee aeieaeai cai-
eaoeoue iaeia, a ii yoiai ia oi/ao aeaeaoue. Oiaaea ieoaony
.–,\ aeiaiai?, ii eioi?iio iieoiaoaeue a naia a?aiy yeiau iaycu-
[204JJ aaeny ieacaoue eaeea-oi oneoae i?iaeaaoeo (iai?eia?, i?iaeaoue

aaaii iaaee ii oeaia ieaea ?uii/iie), a a neo/aa iaauiieiaiey yoeo
iaycaoaeuenoa aeieaeai aue caieaoeoue oo?ao (?aaiue noieiinoe ?a-
aeueii ioa?oaeaiiiai oiaa?a). Ni oo?aoia iaeiae a oi a?aiy ia a?a-
eenue. A ?acoeueoaoa acaeiiauaiaeiie naeaeee iieo/aoaeue i?eia?aoay
iaiaoiaeeiue aio oiaa? ii noiaeiie oeaia, a aeaiueae ca iaa? ioi?i-
eye a aeaea oo?aoa, n eioi?iai i?iaeaaaoe ia ieaoee iaeiaa.

A eoiaa yoie oeo?inoe no?aaeaei ainoaea?noai, a oae eae iacaaoue
oaeoth iia?aoeeth – oeo?inoueth eee iaiaiii, – aeoiaeoa naie.
Eaaeaeay ii ioaeaeueiinoe naeaeea ec yoie eiiaeiaoeee a i?eioeeia
caeiiia, a a noiia – eacia eeoaeanue iaeiaa, oi anoue ainoaea?noai
iaiaiuaaeinue iaieie o/anoieeaie oaeie naeaeee.

14. Oaiaeanoai e eeoeaia?ea. Ii ii?aaeaeaieth, aeaiiiio a nei-
aa?a ?onneiai ycuea Iaeaaiaa, . A naith i/a?aaeue,
– yoi . Aa-
aaeue ienae, /oi . Oaeei ia?acii, oaiaeanoai e eeoeaia?ea anoue
aeae eciu?aiiiai, caianee?iaaiiiai iaiaia, a eioi?ii aioo?aiiaa
cei ne?uoi iiae ianeie aeia?a.

Oaeie aeae iaiaia aue iiaeaa?aioo ?aceie e?eoeea a Iiaii Ca-
aaoa (Aaaiaaeea io Iaooay), aaea any 23-y aeaaa iinayuaia iaee/a-
ieth eeoeaia?ia ni noi?iiu Eenona O?enoa.

(Aa. io Iaooay, ae. 23).

Ai?i/ai, ia ana ii?aeenou ae?aaiinoe ioiineeenue e eeoeaia-
?eth noieue iai?eie?eii. Ea?ioooei, iai?eia?, iieaaae, /oi
iii – anoanoaaiiia e iaiouaieaiia naienoai iauanoaa, aaea ?an-
i?ino?aiai ii?ie e a oi aea a?aiy i?aayo ii?aeue e ?aeeaey. , – ienae ii a naieo . Yoo iuneue eae au i?iaeie-
aeaao Oiian Iaii: .

Caeanue anoue iaae /ai iiaeoiaoue. *oi ooaea aeey aeooe /aeiaaea:

iauanoai, aaea oea?noaotho eiaeue e eeoeaia?ea, ii nio?aiyaony oioy
au aeaeeiinoue i?aaaeu e ii?aee, eee oe?aiey, ioa?ineaoay iie?u-
aaei nouaeeeainoe e ia ioaeaeathuayny a ii?aaaeaiee naieo iinooi-
eia? A ia?aii neo/aa /aeiaae aeeaao ai eaee, ii n eaeaaeaie i?aa-
noaaiiinoe a aeooa, a ai aoi?ii – iecaiaeeony aei aacaeooiiai aaoi-
iaoa, eeoaiiiai ii?aeueiuo ii?i. I?eia? ia?aiai ?iaea – ^–>.
noaeeineee nioeeaeeci, aaea oie/oiaeaiea ieeeeiiia ethaeae IJ205J

iauyniyee ioaeaeaie no?ieoaeuenoaa naaoeiai aoaeouaai, i?eia? aoi-
?iai – Eaiio/ey a?aiai Iie Iioa, aaea ethaeae nia/aea iecaiaee-
ee aei iieiaeaiey ?aaia, a iioii oaeaaee , aeaaea ia
nienoiaey aei eaeeo-eeai iauyniaiee.

Ii, neaaa Aiao, i?eaaaeaiiua i?eia?u eeoue e?aeiea neo/ae
/aeiaa/aneeo nioeeoiia, ano?a/athueany aeinoaoi/ii ?aaeei. *aua
eeoeaia?ea i?eia?aoaao ia noieue aeanoieea oi?iu, auiieiyy ooi-
eoeee naeaaeeaaiey i?ioeai?a/ee iaaeaeo o?aaiaaieyie ii?aee e
naayethaeai ethaeae. Eeoeaia?ea – ?iae nioeeaeueiie ianee, e, eae
anyeay ianea, iia eiaao iaueiiaaiea n?anoaoueny n ianoiyuei ee-
oeii, iinoaiaiii noaiiaynue aai iaiouaieaiie /anoueth. Eiiaaea yoi
i?ienoiaeeo naii niaie, a ii?ie aeey yoiai o?aaothony ii?aaeaeai-
iua oneeey. ?onneee ienaoaeue A. Aa?anaaa iaienae ii yoiio ii-
aiaeo naiaia?aciue :

.

15. Eanoue. Eanoue noa?a eae ie?. Iaaa?iia, n oao aeaaieo ii?,
eiaaea /aeiaa/aneia iauanoai ?acaeaeeeinue ia ia/aeueieeia e iiae-
/eiaiiuo, iineaaeiea aeey oiai, /oiau iaeaa/eoue naaa aeeciue, noa-
?aeenue caaiaaaoue ?aniieiaeaiea naieo ainnia. A anee o/anoue, /oi
aeaaiie ioee/eoaeueiie iniaaiiinoueth ethaiai ?oeiaiaeeoaey yaey-
aony /anoiethaea, oi i/aiue nei?i eanoue (iiaeaaeeaaiea e uaeioa-
iea yoiai /anoiethaey) noaea naiie ?ani?ino?aiaiiie oi?iie iiae-
oaeeiaaea. Ni a?aiaiai iia ?ani?ino?aieeanue e ia ae?oaeo ethaeae,
/uea ?aniieiaeaiea iai iaaei auei caaiaauaaoue, – io nae?aoa?o
yoeo ia/aeueieeia aei nianoaaiiuo aeai,

Ao-Oa?oooe a eieaa ioia/aao, /oi i?e-

aeeaeaiiui noeoaia iiaeao auoue iaeei ec aeaoo ethaeae. Eeai aan-
nouaeiue e euenoeaue, eioi?ue aeaaiaea?y aannouaenoao aeinoeaaao
/aai caoi/ao e inoaaony a aaciianiinoe aeaaiaea?y nianoaaiiiio
iiaeoaeeinoao, eeai i?inoioeey, e eioi?iio ana ioiinyony n i?a-
iaa?aaeaieai: aio ieeoi ia caaeaeoao, e o iaai iiyoiio iao a?aaia.
*oi aea eanaaony oao, eoi oi/ao i?eaeeceoueny e noeoaio i?e iiii-
ue naiae /anoiinoe, i?aaeaiiinoe e ne?iiiinoe, oi ei ?aaeei oaea-
?ony noaoue aeiaa?aiiui, aeeceei /aeiaaeii i?aaeoaey. Oae i?i-
enoiaeeo iioiio, /oi i?ioea ieo iiie/aaony e a?aa i?aaeoaey, e
, aai ae?oa.

O \Ae Ae?oaie a?aaneee ioae?aoe, Eai-aae-Aeay, a eieaa ieoao, /oi anee aae?oa aeanoaeeio aca?aaeao a aieiao caiyoue-
ny naiie?eoeeie eee neacaoue i oii, /oi ii niaa?oee eaeoth-oi
ioeaeo, oi niaeaoaoueny n iei iaeuecy ie a eiai neo/aa. Iaiai?io,
ioaeii i?eeiaeeoue ana neeu aeey oiai, /oiau aeieacaoue aeanoaeeio
i?ioeaiiieiaeiia. Ii iiaieth Eai-aae-Aeay, yoi aoaeao ia i/aiue o?oae-
ii naeaeaoue.

Euenoeaia ioiioaiea e i?aaeoaeyi a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue i?iyaey-
,–.s aony a eo oeooeao, eioi?ua ca/anooth naie ii naaa yaeyeenue
.206]] eciu?aiiuie ia?acoeaie naiie iai?ee?uoie eanoe. Oae,

aaee/aeoaai oe?aia XX aaea Eineoa Noaeeia i?eaeai?iua iiae-
oaeeiu iacuaaee ,
, e oae aeaeaa.
Aiaaoaai a eiioea naiaai i?aaeaiey a ia?aci Eaiieaea A?aaeiaaa
a ioeoeeaeueiuo aacaoao eiaiiaaee ia eia/a eae , ,
e aeaaea (yoi ca iaienaiiua /oaeeie ?oeaie eieae oeia ).

Ii ia iaaei aeoiaoue, /oi iiaeiaiua oeooeu eiaee oieueei eii-
ioienoe/aneea eeaea?u. Aic?ano eanoe iienoeia aaca?aie/ai. Ia-
i?eia?, ioeoeeaeueiia eiy n?aaeiaaaeiaiai a?aaneiai aece?y aeue-
Iaioia auei . E yoi auei caaiea anaai eeoue auni-
eiiinoaaeaiiiai /eiiaieea! A neieueei aea caieiaei i?ieciana-
iea oeooea aai iiaaeeoaey, naiiai oaeeoa?

Ethaee, auioaeaeaiiua ia?auaoueny e i?aaeoaeyi n iiaeiaiuie
oeooeaie, oaeoe/anee auee ia?a/aiu ia eiaeue, eai i?ae?anii ii-
ieiaee, eae aeaeaee yoe e?aneaua iaoaoi?u io ?aaeueiie aeecie.
Oio aea Noaeei, i?aaieciaaaoee ianniaua ?ai?annee e naeaeaaoee
ne?ioaie ieeeeiiu ?aayo, niieieii i?eieiae ii/aoiue oeooe
. Iiyoiio, iiiu?yy naieo iiaeaeaiiuo ia-
?auaoueny e iei iiaeiaiui ia?acii, aeanoeoaee ia?iaeia oaeoe/a-
nee ia?aeaee eo ia iinoiyiiue iaiai naay e ae?oa ae?oaa.

Ca ouny/aeaoey /aeiaa/anoai ?ac?aaioaei ouny/e ?aciiaeae-
iinoae eanoe. Euenoeoue (oi anoue eeoeaia?ii, aac ia?u, ainoaaeyoue)
iiaeii /aio oaiaeii: iieiaeaieth a iauanoaa, oio, e?anioa, neea,
ino?ioieth e o. ae. Aeaaiia i?aaeei ninoieo a oii, /oiau ainoaaea-
iea iie?aeinue oioy au ia e?oieoeo i?aaaeu, i?e/ai ?acia?u yoie
aeiee enoeiu, eae i?aaeei, ii?aaeaeythony naiei iauaeoii ainoaa-
eaiey. Iaeiiio /aeiaaeo aeaeaoaeueii, /oiau iioaaeu a^ai noi?i-
io auee iniiaaiu ia ?aaeueiuo aeinoieinoaao e oniaoao, ae?oaea
aea iienoeia anayaeiu e aac ?acai?o i?eieiatho ethaua oi?iu ean-
oe, eae au a?oau e eneonnoaaiiu iie ie auee. Ii a ethaii neo-
/aa, eae ienae Aa?ia?ae Oio, .

Oiieee e i?iieoeaoaeueiue Eeooaiaa?a ienae:

, a eioi?ie aaeeeee ?onneee aanii- ^– yaeyaony /ooue ee ia
iaiouaieaiui yeaiaioii ?inneeneie iieeoe/aneie aeecie, a aua
eaeeo-oi o?eaeoeaoue-ni?ie eao iacaae aai i?eoiaeeeinue ?anoeo?iau-
aaoue eae /oaeaeue iai eiino?aiiue oa?iei. Oae, a , ecaeaiiii a 1954 aiaeo, cia/eeinue:

.

Nianoaaiii aiai?y, eiii?iiaoa oaaoaei anaaaea, ii aai eniieue-
ciaaiea auei iiae no?iaei eiio?ieai ainoaea?noaa e . I?e/ai oe?ieiianooaaiia eiii?iiaoe?iaaiea
/oaeaeie iai yeiiiie/aneie nenoaiu iacuaaeinue ianeieueei ii-
ae?oaiio – eee , /oi ia
iaiyei nooe aeaea, eai caeeth/aeinue eiaiii a i/a?iaiee anaai ea-
ieoaeecia eee ioaeaeueiuo a?aaia Niaaoneie aeanoe (oiai aea O?ioe-
eiai, iai?eia?).

?acae?ay aeaeu eiii?iiaoa, Ieoaee Ethaeiia a aacaoa ieoao, /oi iiaeii auaeaeeoue o?e aai ?acii-
aeaeiinoe: 1. Nai? naaaeaiee ia iauaeoa eiii?iiaoa; 2. Niaoeeaeue-
iay i?aaiecaoeey neooaoeee eiii?iiaoe?othuaai oa?aeoa?a; 3. Aea-
ceioi?iaoeey, ?ani?ino?aiaiea caaaaeiii eiaeiuo naaaeaiee.

Oeaeue anao yoeo ia?ii?eyoee iaeia – i/a?ieoue aeia?ia eiy /a-
eiaaea eee i?aaiecaoeee a aeacao iauanoaa, ?acee/athony aea iie
.–e. oieueei ii noaiaie aaci?aanoaaiiinoe e eniieueciaaiey
1208JJ eaee.

A ia?aii neo/aa eiaeue eae oaeiaay iiaeao ionoonoaiaaoue – ca-
aea/a caeioa?aniaaiiie noi?ii u ninoieo eeoue a auyniaiee e aunoaaeaiey aa ia noae Aiaeee. Anee /aeiaae /eno ia?aae ni-
aanoueth e caeiiii, oi yoio iiia? ia i?ieaeao. Iaeiaei anee o eioa-
?anothuaai ian eeoea anoue eia-eaeea a?aoee (iacaeiiiua naeaeee,
aiaa?a/iua nayce, oeeiiaiea io oieaou iaeiaia, eiioaeou n ni-
iieoaeueiuie yeaiaioaie e i?.), oi aio ia iicaei?iaeony. Aeey au-
yaeaiey yoie eioi?iaoeee anoue ianna niiniaia, e eioi?ui ioii-
nyony ia?ethno?aoeey ee/iie ei??aniiiaeaioeee, iiaeneooeaaiea oa-
eaoiiiuo ?acaiai?ia, ne?uoay oioi- e aeaeainuaiea e aa?aiaea
ethaeae ec aeeceiai ie?oaeaiey .

Aoi?ay ?aciiaeaeiinoue eiii?iiaoa auaeyaeeo aieaa iooaeeeaa-
thua, eai caeeth/aaony a i?aaiecaoeee anyeiai ?iaea i?iaieaoeee, aoy-
aeaathueo aicaeaenoaey a eiii?iiaoe?othuea aai neooa-
oeee. Neaaeai, anee /aeiaae oia?ai a ioiioaiee aeeiaiey, aai ioae-
ii auioaeeoue iaieoueny, a iioii i?aiiaeaoue yoi eae iau/iia yaeaiea.
Anee ii nio?aiyao noi?oaeaneoth aa?iinoue, aio iaaei iiaenoiooue iiae-
oiaeyuoth e?anioeo n iineaaeothuae oeenaoeeae oaeie
ano?a/e ia oioia?aoee. Aeaeueiaeoea niauoey iiaoo ?acaeaaoueny
ii-?aciiio a caaeneiinoe io eiia/iuo oeaeae e eaaeeoeeaoeee
i?aaiecaoi?ia eiii?iiaoa. A yoii ioiioaiee eioa?anii n?aaia-
iea iaoiaeia ?aaiou aaeiaoneeo e niaaoneeo niaoeneoaea, i?eaaaeai-
iia I. Ethaeiiaui a oie aea noaouea.

A oanoeaeanyoua aiaeu aeaa aia?eeaineeo naiaoi?a ai a?aiy ae-
ceoa a Eae? ia?aniaee n ianoiuie i?inoeoooeaie. Noaey ii oiio,
/oi o aaeiaoneie iieeoeee ieacaeenue niioaaonoaothuea oioia?aoee, niaeaciaiea caieaaineeo caeiiiaeaoaeae i?i-
ecioei ia aac iiiiue a?aaneeo niaoeneoaea. Iaeiaei ieeaeiai oiaea
aeaiiiio aeaeo aaeioyia ia aeaee, a oioia?aoee aianoa n iaaaoeaa-
ie auee ia?aaeaiu a ioaeae aaciianiinoe iinieuenoaa NOA a Eae?a.
Eacaeinue, eioeeaeaio en/a?iai, a aeaei cae?uoi. Iaeiaei /a?ac aeaa
aiaea aaeiaoneee iinie a Aaoeiaoiia i?eaeanee ia iaaae iaeiiai ec
naiaoi?ia e iii?inee niya/eoue aai i?iec?aeeueneea iiceoeee i?e
i?eiyoee iaeiiai ec caeiiia. I?e yoii iinie eeoue aneieuecue oii-
iyioe i aeaaieoiai aeceoa naiaai niaanaaeieea a Eae?, ii aeey na-
iaoi?a yoiai ieacaeinue aeinoaoi/ii. I?e i?eiyoee caeiia, cao?a-
aeaathuaai eioa?anu a?aaia, ii aicaea?aeaeny io aieiniaaiey.

Ii-ae?oaiio aaee naay niaaoneea niaoeneoaeau, eioi?ui a ia-
/aea iyoeaeanyouo aiaeia oaeaeinue oiaaeao-
iaai o?aioeocneiai iinea Aeaaeaia. Caeanue iu yaii eiaai aeaei n eii-
i?iiaoii aoi?iai ?iaea – i?iaieaoeeiiiui e ouaoaeueii niea-
ie?iaaiiui. Iia?aoeeae ii aa?aiaea iinea ?oeiaiaeee ee/ii
ia/aeueiee eiio??acaaaeee, iiaeaaaeaiiue e iineo /a?ac ecaanoii-
ai ienaoaey a ea/anoaa iiiiuieea I?aaenaaeaoaey Niaaoa Ieie-
no?ia. Iineo iineaaeiaaoaeueii iiaenoaaeyee ecaanoiuo aeo?en, a
iaeio ec eioi?uo ii ana-oaee aethaeeny e ia/ae ao?ii ooaaeeaaoue.
Ii noeaia?eth EAA aeo?ena nia/aea nii?ioeaeyeanue ooaaeeaaieyi
o?aioeoca, /oi oieueei ?aniaeyei aeaeaiey aethaeaiiiai. Iaeiiaoe
iinea aaieaoa ia aea/a iaeiiai ec o/anoieeia iia?aoeee iinie ii-
aoae ia ioaaonoaaiiia naeaeaiea n , ai a?aiy ei-
oi?iai Aeaaeai iaeiiaoe-oi aeiaeeny aeaeaiiie aeecinoe. Iae- a^–^
iaei /aeenou ia noaee a?uaaoueny a eiiiaoo e ono?aeaaoue IJL209]

iaaeaeoia?iaeiue neaiaeae. Iie iinooieee oiiueoa. A ?acaa? ethaia-
iuo no?anoae aae?oa yeiau ec eiiaiaee?iaee aa?ioeny aic-
ethaeaiiie e iinea iioaniaee auoau?ioe iieoaieiai iinea ia
oeeoeo. Inoaoie ii/e oio i?iaae ia eanoieoea, e?ani/ii i?aaenoaa-
eyy naaa ana aeaoaee aoaeouaai neaiaeaea, a oo?ii iicaiiee naiaio
ec Niaaoa Ieieno?ia. Oio ia canoaaee naay aeaeaoue
(aaaeue ii oiaea i?iaae aanniiioth ii/ue, iaaethaeay ca oiaeii iia?a-
oeee ec ninaaeiae eaa?oe?u), i?eaoae, auneooae e iiniaaoiaae caiyoue iaaeaeaathueeny neaiaeae… i?e ii-
iiue EAA. Iinea iaeioi?uo eieaaaiee iinie niaeaneeny aeaeeoue-
ny n eiiiaoaioiuie i?aaiaie iaeioi?ie eiioeaeaioeeaeueiie
eioi?iaoeeae.

O?aoee aeae eiii?iiaoa – yaiay eiaeue, iau/ii aeey eo/oae on-
aiyaiinoe caiaoaiiay a ii?aaeaeaiiie i?iii?oeee ia enoeiiuo
niauoeyo. Yoio aeae eiii?iiaoa aue iniai iiioey?ai ai a?aiaia
, eiaaea eaeaieiae/aneea neoaeau NOA e NNN?
ia aeaeaee nee aeey i/a?iaiey ae?oa ae?oaa a aeacao ie?iaie iaua-
noaaiiinoe e nianoaaiiuo ia?iaeia. A auoaoiiiyiooie noaouea iiae
oa?aeoa?iui iacaaieai I. Eth-
aeiia ieoao, /oi (, ? 8,1996).

Ec auoaneacaiiiai ia neaaeoao aeaeaoue auaiae, /oi i?iaieaoeee
aeey nicaeaiey eiii?iiaoa i?eiaiytho oieueei niaoeneoaeau, – ii-
aeiaiui i?eaiii ia?aaeei iieuecothony e?eieiaeueiua yeaiaiou.
Aiaoieee Aa?aaea?o a naiae aaoiaeia?aoe/aneie iiaanoe ?anneacuaaao i oii, eae iuoaeenue ieacuaaoue aeaa-
eaiea ia eaieoaia ieeeoeee, aaaeouaai aeaei ia ecianeeiaaiee.
Yoiai neaaeiaaoaey /a?ac ciaeiiuo i?eaeaneee ia iaeio ec eaa?-
oe? yeiau aeey naaina ea?oi/iie ea?u (i?aaeaa?eoaeueii caaeaa aai
naiiethaea oai, /oi i?eoai?ii caniiiaaaeenue a aai eaaeeoeea-
oeee eae ea?iea, eioi?ie ii aanueia ai?aeeeny). Caoai aio aeaee
auea?aoue e?oiioth noiio aeaiaa, iinea /aai e iaio ia eieaie naea
iaiaaeaiiay aeaaooea ni neiaaie: Anoanoaaiii, /oi anth yoo eiiaaeeth
(ai?i/ai, aeey neaaeiaaoaey iia auea aieueoa iioiaea ia ae?aio)
caniyee ia aeaeaiieaieo. Iinea /aai aio i?aaeeiaeeee aeueoa?ia-
oeao: ianeeueieea eee n a?iieei neaiaea-
eii n ?aaiou.

17. Eeaaaoa. Eeaaaoa a oaieiaiii i?aaa anoue i?anooieaiea i?i-
oea ee/iinoe, caeeth/athuaany a ?ani?ino?aiaiee caaaaeiii eiae-
iuo eciuoeaiee, iici?yueo ae?oaia eeoei. Aeey i?eciaiey aeayiey
eeaaaou iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau aeiiaiue ciae, /oi ?ani?ino?aiyao
eiaiii eiaeiua naaaeaiey, iai?aaeaiiua ia iiae?ua ?aiooaoeee ii-
I.–e, oa?iaaoaai, i?e/ai aeinoaoi/ii, /oiau iiaeiaiua naaaeaiey
[210JJ auee niiauaiu ei oioy au iaeiiio /aeiaaeo.

Eeaaaoa noa?a eae ie?. A ea/anoaa i?eia?a aicueiai ae?aaia-
?eineiai enoi?eea Oaoeeoa. Aio /oi ii ieoao ia iaeiii ec i?eaee-
aeaiiuo eiia?aoi?a Ioiia: .

Iniaaiiinoueth eeaaaou yaeyaony aa niiniaiinoue e ca n/ao oneeee aa aea?oau a ieaia naiiii?aaaeaiey. Ea-
eie au aano?aeiie e /oaeiaeuiie ie auea eeaaaoa, ethaee iiaoo iie-

iinoueth eee /anoe/ii iiaa?eoue a aa enoeiiinoue, anee iauaeo aa i?e-
iaiaiey ia/iao ii?aaaeuaaoueny. E iaiai?io, anee aea?oaa eeaaaou
nio?aieo niieienoaea e oeaaeiie?iaea, naeaeaa aeae, /oi eeaaaoa aai
ia eanaaony, iineaaeiyy oaao, eae ia?oianeee niaa. Aiciiaeii, yoi
naycaii n oei?aieaoaeny a oiao ineoieiae/aneie onoaiiaeie:

ii?iaa?aatho oieueei ?aaeueiua oaeou, iaca/ai inia?eaaoue iano- i*
uanoaothuea niauoey. Oaeoth iniaaiiinoue iaaaoia ecaeaaia iiaeia-
oeee oeeiniou. Oiian Iaei ienae: . Oo aea iuneue ?acaeaae ?aiaa a naieo Oaioi?:

.

Eeoaeneee ainoaea?noaaiiue aeayoaeue *yiue Nyi/oaiue auaeaeee
/aou?a nooiaie yneaeaoeee neooia, iai?aaeaiiuo i?ioea eeoea, ei-
oi?ia iaia?aaathony iii?i/eoue. Oae, anee yoio /aeiaae aacoi?a-
/ai n i?ioanneiiaeueiie noi?iiu, ia iaai i?aaeaea anaai i?aaei?e-
ieiathony iieeoe/aneea iaiaaeee. Anee ii iaoycaei iieeoe/anee,
aai iaaeiytho a aeaeiaie iaaeia?iniaanoiinoe. A neo/aa iaoaea/e ia
i?eoeae aa?aony aai ee/iay aeeciue. Eiaaea e yoio auno?ae ia iiia-
aeaao a oeaeue, i?eaee?athony e aai oa?aeoa?o, iai?eia? oi?aeatho a
eceeoiae ai?aeinoe. Iau/ii oeaeue iaa?aaeeoue aeinoeaaaony, eae oieue-
ei ia/aeueiee iiaa?eo neooo.

Aanueia eaaeiaa?ai a ioiioaiee eeaaaou aue iineaaeiee ?on- /
neee eiia?aoi? Ieeieae II. Aaia?ae A. Iinieia, auaoee ia/aeue- 1^-
iee eaioeaey?ee ieienoa?noaa Eiia?aoi?neiai aeai?a a naiae eie-
aa ienae:

.

Aiai?y i eeaaaoa, iaeuecy ia oiiiyiooue i oaeii iauanoaaiiii
yaeaiee, eae aeiiin. Eacaeinue au, ii naiae nooe ii a ei?ia ioee-
/ai io iaa, oae eae ca/anooth ianao i?aaaeeaoth eioi?iaoeeth, iaeia-
ei ioiioaiea e aeiiino o ethaeae oaeia aea ?acei io?eoeaoaeue- ^.–.s
iia, eae e e eeaaaoa. A /ai aea ooo aeaei? Iieo/aaony, /oi lt.211.1J

ethaee o?aaieaatho eae eiaeioth, oae e i?aaaeeaoth eioi?iaoeeth,
eioi?oth niiauaao aeanoyi eeaaaoiee eee aeiiin/ee. Ia naiii aeaea
io?eoeaoaeueiia ioiioaiea e aeiiinai naycaii n nioeeaeueiuie ii-
neaaenoaeyie, eioi?ua aea/ao ca niaie aeiiin aeey /aeiaaea, noaa-
oaai aai aea?oaie. E a yoii neo/aa i?aaaea oaea ia iaeia?yaony, a
inoaeaeaaony ie?oaeathueie. Ia yoii oi?ioi iaienae A. Eaiaoai-
ei a naiae eieaa , iaienaiiie ia iniiaa
eco/aiey a?aaneie eoeueoo?u:

.

18. Oaioaae. Oaioaae oaeaea iiaeao aeeth/aoue a naay yeaiai-
ou iaiaia, anee oaeou, neoaeauea i?oaeeai oaioaaea, aeaeiecia-
iythony e eioa?i?aoe?othony oaioaaeenoii. A ea/anoaa enoi?e/a-
neiai i?eia?a iiaeii i?eaanoe yieciae ec ?onneie enoi?ee, nay-
caiiue n oaeenoaii Iao?a Noieuieia, i eioi?ii ?anneacuaaao
A. AEoo?ae a eieaa .

I?aaenaaeaoaeue Niaaoa ieieno?ia e ieieno? aioo?aiieo aeae
I. A. Noieuiei naiei iacaaeneiui iiaaaeaieai aucaae iaoaei-
aieuenoaea oea?y. Naia ioiioaiea e naiaaieueiiio ieieno?o oea?ue
auneacae ia/aeueieeo naiae ee/iie nae?aoiie iieeoeee iieeia-
ieeo A. E. Nie?eaeiae/o. Oio, aeaeay oaiaeeoue oaoo, ?aoee ono?a-
ieoue Noieuieia ?oeaie ?aaiethoeeiia?ia, i ieaiao eioi?uo aue
naiaa?aiaiii ecaauai. A ea/anoaa eii?aeeiaoi?a aeoeee Nie?eaei-
ae/ aua?ae ioaea naiae nano?u, ia/aeueieea Eeaaneiai io?aiiiai
ioaeaeaiey Eoeyaei. Iaeiaei i?aaenoiyuaa aeaei – oaeenoai i?a-
iuea?-ieieno?a – auei ianoieueei yeno?ai?aeeia?ii, /oi Eoeyaei
iia ioeacaoueny. *oiau yoiai ia i?iecioei, iaaei auei neiieoue aai’

_ _, aieth e iinoaaeoue a aacauoiaeiia iieiaeaiea. Eia-eaeie
|[212]] eiii?iiao i?ioea iaai o Nie?eaeiae/a eiaeny.

Ii i?eacaea a Eeaa Nie?eaeiae/ e?aeia oieiaeii ano?aoee naia-
ai ?iaenoaaiieea, anai naiei aeaeii aeaaay iiiyoue, /oi ii neeueii
ia?aae iei i?iaeieeny. Aeaeueoa i?aaeinoaaei neiai aaoi?o eieae:

.

19. Ienoeoeeaoeey. Aio caiaoea ec ai?iiaaeneie , iaia/aoaiiay iiae ?oa?eeie :

.

Au ia?aoeee aieiaiea, eae iaiyaony aaoa ioiioaiea e aeai-
iie caiaoea ii ia?a /oaiey? Aia/aea, i?eaea/aiiua na?ueacii-oa-
?iaeathuei iiaecaaieiaeii , au iano?aeaaaoanue ia ni-
eeaeioth eioi?iaoeeth ia oaio i?anooiiinoe e, aiciiaeii, iaia?a-
aaaoanue ecaea/ue ec iaa iieaciua aeey naay naaaeaiey. Caoai ii oiaeo
caiaoee au ia/eiaaoa iinoaiaiii iuouaoue eaeoth-oi iano?aciinoue.
E eeoue ia neiaao e iiieiaaoa,
/oi iiiaeenue ia e?th/ie ienoeoeeaoeee. Eiia/ii aea, yoi auea ca-
iaoea-oooea, i?aaeiacia/aiiay ia aeey oiai, /oiau niiaueoue aai
eaeea-oi iieaciua naaaeaiey, a /oiau’iiaanaeeoue aan. Ioee/ea aea
io iau/iiai thii?a ninoieo a oii, /oi /eoaoaeth ia niiauaaony i
niiauaiey. Iaeiei ec iaycaoaeueiuo naienoa ienoe-
oeeaoeee yaeyaony iaiaeeaeaiiinoue, aac eioi?ie iaiaoiaeeiue yo-
oaeo ieacuaaaony niacaiiui. Ii a ioee/ea io iaiaia>
ienoeoeeaoeey naia ianao a naaa ca?ii caaaaeiiiai ?aciaea/aiey.

Iai?eia?, auoai?eaaaeaiiay caiaoea A. Iaoeiaa ia/eiaao-
ny eae iau/iay eiiia?/aneay eioi?iaoeey-?aeeaia i auionea ii-
auo n?aaenoa caueou io eaa?oe?iuo e?aae. Iaeiaei aaoa? aa i?eai-
-, s aeeo oaeea aano?aeiua n oi/ee c?aiey cae?aaiai niunea iiae-
[L214JJ ?iaiinoe, /oi /eoaoaeth iinoaiaiii noaiiaeony ynii, /oi yoi

anaai eeoue oooea. Eiia/ii, anoue aa?iyoiinoue, /oi o iioaioeeaeueii-
ai /eoaoaey ia oaaoeo oia ?acia?aoueny a oa?aeoa?a iiaeiaiie ioa-
eeeaoeee, e ii i?eiao aa ca /enooth iiiaoo, ii iaaiciiaeii aea i?a-
aeoniio?aoue anth aeoaeio /aeiaa/aneie iaeaiinoe e aeoiinoe!

Ii auaatho ienoeoeeaoeee, caianee?iaaiiua aieaa ouaoaeue-
ii, oae, /oi ethaee i?eieiatho eo ca /enooth iiiaoo. I?e yoii aaoi-
?u oaeiai ?iaea iaiaia ia niaoao ?aciaea/aoue naie auaeoiee, ec-
aeaeay ec naieo ni/eiaiee ii?aaeaeaiioth auaiaeo. A yoii neo/aa
a?aiue iaaeaeo ianoiyuei iaiaiii e ienoeoeeaoeeae noe?aaony aei
ieieioia. Iaeiei ec e?eoa?eaa ioee/ey iiaeao neoaeeoue oa?ae-

oa? auaiaeu, ecaeaeaaiie ec iaeo?a/eaaiey ae?oaeo ethaeae. O iaiai-
ueea iia, eae i?aaeei, eiaao iaoa?eaeueiue oa?aeoa?, a oi a?a-
iy eae o ienoeoeeaoi?a – ii?aeueiue. Aoi?ie i?eciae, ioee/ath-
uee ienoeoeeaoeeth io iaiaia, – niaea?aeauaany a iae ca?ii
?aciaea/aiey, eioi?ia ca/anooth iicaieyao naiaeeoue aa e oooea e
iaaeiiiio ?icua?uoo.

N/eoaaony, /oi naiui ciaiaieoui ienoeoeeaoi?ii anao a?a-
iai e ia?iaeia aue a?ao Nai-AEa?iai, aeeaoee ai O?aioeee ai a?a-
iaia i?aaeaiey Ethaeiaeea XV. Yoi i iai ienae A. N. Iooeei a
: Eiaiii yoio /aeiaae, niaeanii aa?nee Iooee-
ia, ia?aaeae a?aoeia aieoaaioth oaeio , iiaoaeaooth
a eiioea eiioeia aaaeiiai Aa?iaiia.

Aieaoaiiue a iieooaioanoe/aneee nthaeao
aeaiiue ia?niiaae aucuaaao aia/aoeaiea neaci/iiai eieaeoia, a aaaeue
yoi auea ?aaeueiay ee/iinoue, ieacaaoay aeoaieia aia/aoeaiea ia
naieo nia?aiaiieeia. A?ao Nai-AEa?iai ioee/aeny oaeeaeoaeueiie
niiniaiinoueth nicaeaaaoue aie?oa naay iiiai/eneaiiua ieou e ea-
aaiaeu, e oai ia iaiaa aai a?yae ee iiaeii i?e/eneeoue e iiiai/en-
eaiiie oieia iioaiieeia e aaaioth?enoia, eioi?uie auei oae ai-
aaoi XVIII noieaoea. Noaey ii anaio, ii i?eiaaeeaaeae e ciaoiiio aa-
?iiaeneiio aeiio (aaaeue iaaea?ii aea Ethaeiaee XV ?anii?yaeeeny
ieacuaaoue aio anaaiciiaeiua ii/anoe) e ?aaeei eneae ee/iie iaoa-
?eaeueiie auaiaeu. Aai caieiaea naia aiciiaeiinoue ienoeoeoee?i-
aaoue, a oi e ioe?iaaiii aeo?a/eoue ioaeeeo. A?ao Nai-AEa?iai eiae
iaueiiaaiea ?acaeaeaoueny oai, /oi niiauae naiei neooaoaeyi oa-
eea oi/iua aeaoaee i aeaaii ieioaoeo niauoeyo, eaeea iia ciaoue
oieueei i/aaeaeaoe. Iai?eia?, anee a ?acaiai?a ?a/ue caoiaeeea ia
Eenona O?enoa, ii iia iaacia/ae caiaoeoue: . Neoae a?aoa oaeaea a ia?o nee noa?aeenue iiaeaea?aeeaaoue ?aio-
oaoeeth naiaai oicyeia. Eiaaea iaeei neaioe/anee iano?iaiiue ae?ac-
aeaineee aeai?yiei ni?inee a?aoneiai eo/a?a, i?aaaeo ee aiai?yo,
/oi aai oicyeio /aou?anoa eao, oio n iaaiciooeiui aeaeii ioaaoee:

. Iicaeiaa oaeea i?eaiu acye
ia aii?oaeaiea iaaacucaanoiue Eaeeino?i, eioi?ue, a ioee/ea io
naiaai , ieeiaaea ia oioneae aiciiaeiinoe iaaeoue ^–e
naaa ea?iaiu ca n/ao i?inoiaeooiie ioaeeee. |[215]|

Aeey Nai-AEa?iaia aea, noaey ii anaio, aeaaiui oaeiaieuenoaeai
aue nai oaeo ienoeoeeaoeee, a ia iaoa?eaeueiay auaiaea io iaia-
ia. E?oiiue ciaoie iaaeeoeeiu, aeoeiee e oi/iuo iaoe, ii eaaei
caaiaaae ?aniieiaeaiea ei?iey, oie/oiaeea o?aueio a i?eiaaeea-
aeauai Ethaeiaeeo ia?iiiii a?eeeeaioa, iiiaie?aoii oai naiui
oaaee/ea aai noieiinoue. Iieaa i?eienuaaea Nai-AEa?iaio oia-
iea ecaioaaeeaaoue ae?aaioeaiiua eaiie, e a?ao ia iuoaeny ?acoaa-
aeeoue a yoii o?aioeocneia iauanoai. Iaiai?io, iaeiaaeaeu ii iiyaee-
ny ia aaeo a Aa?naeueneii aeai?oea a oooeyo n a?eeeeaioiauie i?yae-
eaie oaeie e?aniou, /oi enii?oee aa/a? oaai?eoea ei?iey
ia?eeca aea Iiiiaaeo?, eioi?ay ia iiaea ioaanoe io ieo acaeyae.

Iaaeaeo i?i/ei, ii-aeaeeiiio, a?ao eiae iaiin?aaenoaaiiia io-
iioaiea e e ?onneie enoi?ee. Iaeioi?ua o/aiua iieaaatho, /oi
ii iia nua?aoue aaaeioth ?ieue a ainoiaeaeaiee ia ?inneeneee i?a-
noie Aeaoa?eiu II. Ia yoii naeaeaoaeuenoaoao ia oieueei niaiaaeaiea
aeao aai aeceoa a Iaoa?ao?a a 1762 aiaeo e aeai?oeiaiai ia?aai?ioa,
ii e aai naycue n ?onneeie ianiiaie, a oaeaea iiaaaeaiea oaai?eoa
iieiaeie eiia?ao?eoeu A?eai?ey I?eiaa, oaaaeeoaeueii ia?auaa-
oaainy e a?aoo ia eia/a eae .

Iniaia ianoi a enoi?ee iaiaia caieiatho eeoa?aoo?iua ien-
oeoeeaoeee. Oaeiauo ecaanoii ia?iiiia iiiaeanoai, ii oneiaii
eo iiaeii ?acaeaeeoue ia aeaa aieueoea a?oiiu. A iaeieo neo/ayo eaea-
aaoi?u auaeatho /oaeea i?iecaaaeaiey ca naie – yoi ieaaeaoi?u anao
ianoae, i eioi?uo iu aoaeai aiai?eoue a ?acaeaea, iinayuaiiii ee-
oa?aoo?a. A ae?oaeo neo/ayo, iaiai?io, ethaee ne?uaatho naia aaoi?-
noai, i?eienuaay nianoaaiiua i?iecaaaeaiey ae?oaei, ca/anooth au-
iuoeaiiui ia?niiaaeai. O?oaeii neacaoue, aaea iaiaia aieueoa, ii,
ii e?aeiae ia?a, ethaee, ne?uaathuea naia aaoi?noai, aieaa nei-
iaoe/iu, /ai iaaeua ieaaeaoi?u, aaccanoai/eai ai?othuea /oaeea
i?iecaaaeaiey.

E /eneo enoeiiuo ienoeoeeaoi?ia ioiineeny e ciaiaieoue
ienaoaeue-yioeeeeiiaaeeno XVIII aaea AEai-AEae ?onni, ecaeaaoee a
1761 aiaeo aanonaeea? oiai a?aiaie .
Ii eiae ooiiue oniao o oiaaeaoiae ioaeeee e aue niaaaeai iiae-
caaieiaeii . Iiaeao auoue, iono?aiynue io naiaai aaoi?noaa, cia-
iaieoue oeeinio e ienaoaeue iieo/ae ?aaeeoth aiciiaeiinoue ioaea-
eeoue aeeyiea naiae ee/iinoe io aeooaaiuo ia?aaeeaaiee aa?iaa
?iiaia, i?eaeaaay ei iniaoth aeieoiaioaeueiinoue e aeinoiaa?iinoue.
Ii ia eneeth/aii, /oi ei aeaeaaee e aieaa i?icae/aneea iiiuneu:

a neo/aa iaoaea/e ii anaaaea iia nineaoueny ia iaaeinoaoee neiaa e
nthaeaoiie eaiau yeiau ?aaeueii nouanoaiaaaoeo ienai, ieacaa-
oenue oaeei ia?acii aia e?eoeee, a a neo/aa oniaoa any neaaa aein-
oaaaeanue aio iaeiiio, eae yoi e i?iecioei a eiioea eiioeia.

Ni?aaaaeeeainoe ?aaee iaaei caiaoeoue, /oi ?onni ia aue ieiia-
?ii ia iii?eua eeoa?aoo?iuo ienoeoeeaoeee: aieaa ooiiue on-
iao e noieaoey eeoa?aoo?iaaae/aneeo nii?ia i?eoeenue ia aeieth
ae?oaiai i?iecaaaeaiey – oae iacuaaaiuo .
Ii iocuaai nia?aiaiieeia, yoie iaeaiueeie eieaeeie, auiouai-
iie a oeiia?aoee Eeiaea Aa?aaia a 1699 aiaeo, ca/eouaaeny aanue
.,–^1 Ia?eae – io i?inoiethaeeiia aei a?enoie?aoia. Iaei eoi,
[216 jj ia/aa /eoaoue aa, iia inoaoueny ?aaiiaeooiui. Yoi auee ienue-

ia iieiaeie ii?ooaaeueneie iiiaoeie, aae?aniaaiiua naiaio aic-
ethaeaiiiio, o?aioeocneiio ioeoea?o, – ene?aiiyy e iueeay en-
iiaaaeue aeaiueiu, any aeeciue eioi?ie auea ioaeaia iaeiie no?anoe.
Ia?eaeaiee ieaeaee, /eoay i?aaaeeaoth iiaanoue i ian/anoiie etha-
ae, iaienaiioth e?iaueth iieiaeiai, ethayuaai na?aeoea.

anieuea oaie-
eey a?aoa aea Nai-Eaaea, ia?eeca aea Oaieeuee, eioi?ue aeaenoae-
oaeueii neoaeee a Ii?ooaaeee e aeaaea eaa?oe?iaae a oii naiii
ai?iaea, aaea ?aniieaaaeny iiianou?ue Ia?eaiiu. Nai Oaieeuee ia
iiaeoaa?aeaeae, ii e ia io?eoeae yoie aa?nee, i?aaeii/eoay o?aieoue
oaeinoaaiiia iie/aiea.

iieueciaaeenue oaeei oniaoii o nia?a-
iaiieeia, /oi anei?a auoei eo i?iaeieaeaiea, a iioii e ioaaou
ia ieo. Iaeiaei yoi aue eeoue a?oaue ieaaeao, eioi?ue anei?a
ane?ueny. Iaecaanoiui inoaaaeenue eeoue iieiia eiy Ia?eaiiu
e iiae?iaiinoe aa aeecie. Iieneaie yoie aeaiueiu caieiaeenue
iiiaea nia?aiaiieee e eeoa?aoo?iaaaeu iineaaeothueo noieaoee,
ii eeoue n?aaieoaeueii iaaeaaii caaaaeea auea ieii/aoaeueii ?ac?aoaia. Aaoi?ii ieacaeny
ioae/eia (E!), aaeaieao e ienaoaeue ii niaianoeoaeuenoao – Aaa?e-
aeue-AEicao aea Aeea?aa. Iaaeaeaiiue aeeaui oiii, ino?ioiiue e
iaenoiueiue ia auaeoiee, Aeea?aa aue i?eaeeaeaiiui i?eioea
Eiioe e aue aeecei ciaeii n oaeeie auaeathueieny ethaeueie, eae
Ea?ioooei, Iieuea?, ?anei e Eaoiioai. Anoue naeaeaoaeuenoaa, /oi
yoi ii iiaeae Iieuea?o eaeath . Iaeiaei i?ioei iiiai a?a-
iaie, iiea ia auea ieii/aoaeueii ?acaaaeaia oaeia iiaanoe, iaie-
naiiie ioae/eiie io eeoea aeaiueiu, i?e/ai ianoieueei oaeaio-
eeai, /oi o?enoa eao ethaee iaoiaeeeenue iiae aia/aoeaieai yoiai iea-
ieoaeueiiai iaiaia.

Oao /eoaoaeae, eioi?ua iniai eioa?anothony eeoa?aoo?iuie
ienoeoeeaoeeyie, y oi/o ioineaoue e iinayuaiiie yoiio i?aaeia- ,
oo eieaa ?iiaia Aaeioniaa , aaea i?e-
aiaeeony iiiaeanoai iiaeiaiuo enoi?ee.

N?aaee ioa/anoaaiiuo eeoa?aoo?iuo ienoeoeeaoeee iaeueio
ia?aainoaa aea?aeeo, eiia/ii aea, eaaaiaea?iue Eicueia I?ooeia,
nicaeaiiue aanaeie oaioaceae /aou?ao ae?ocae: a?aoa A. E. Oie-
noiai e a?aoueaa AEai/oaeieeiauo (Aeaenay, Aeaaeeie?a e Aeae-
naiae?a). Ii i?eciaieth eeoa?aoo?iaaaeia, iaeaieueoee aeeaae a aianee aeaa a?aoa, Aeaenae e Aea-
aeeie?, eioi?ui e i?eiaaeeaaeao, nianoaaiii, ciaiaieoua ,/.–^
aoi?eciu oeia IJ217J

N/eoaaony, /oi eiaiii Aeaaeeie? aue iiaeaaeueiie aaaeie Eicue-
iu, ii aea e aai, iaienaa .

A oae eae iaoa eieaa iinayuaia iaiaio, aeaaaeoa ia?a/eoaai
oa ec aoi?eciia E. I?ooeiaa, a eioi?uo oae eee eia/a cao?aaeaa-
aony yoi yaeaiea.

Ia onooiae iaeiaeooii anaiauaio aeaeaieth, anee iie i?ioea-
iu oaiei nianoaaiiui; ii eo/oa, oaaey iiua i?eoai?ii e ia?i/-
ii iooyaeaay a?aiy, ii?iae iaaeooue naieo i?ioeaieeia.

Iiae neaaeeeie au?aaeaieyie oayony iunee eiaa?iua: oae, io
eo?yuaai oaaae ia?aaeei iaoiao aeooaie.

Aaeeiiaeaeu nieaaaoe, eoi oaaa iiaa?eo?

Anee ia eeaoea neiia i?i/oaoue iaaeienue , ia aa?ue aea-
cai naiei.

*oi anoue oeo?inoue? – Oeo?inoue anoue i?oaeea neaaiai e oi nea-
iiai.

*oanoaeoaeueiue /aeiaae iiaeiaai ninoeueea; i?ea?ae aai, ii ?a-
noaao.

Ethae aeeaeiaai, ii ia aeaaaeny aio a iaiai!

Aiai?y n oeo?aoeii, acaaoeaae ioaao naie.

Ia ai anyeie ea?a oocu auea?uaatho!

Aiai?y i eeoa?aoo?iuo ienoeoeeaoeeyo, iaaei ioiaoeoue, /oi
ioithaeue ia anaaaea a ieo eiaaony iaiai eee ne?uoay oaeia. Auaa-
tho ienoeoeeaoeee e eiiai oieea – iie eeoue nicaeatho aeaeeiinoue
caaaaeee, a oi a?aiy eae aa oai iao. Aeey i?eia?a aicueiai noeoio-
ai?aiea ec eieae Euethena Ey??ieea . Iii ia/eiaaony oae:

Aa?eaeinue.
Oeeaeea oi?ueee
Iu?yeenue ii iaaa.
E o?theioaee caethee,
Eae ithiceee a iiaa.

Aaniieacii eneaoue a yoii noeoioai?aiee ne?uoue niune, eae
yoi iuoaeenue aeaeaoue iiiaea oeeieiae e eeoa?aoo?iua e?eoeee, –
aai i?inoi iao. Iaeiaei naia Aeena i/aiue aa?ii ioiaoeea, /oi yoi
noeoioai?aiea . Iii ?iaeaeaao annioeeaoeee, niaa?oaiii ?aciua o ?aciuo eth-
aeae, e a yoii aai ne?uoay oaeia. Ii eaaeaeue /aeiaae ?acaaaeuaaao
yoo oaeio ii-naiaio, e oaeea iiiyoey, eae e ,
oa?ytho caeanue naie ia?ai?iaeiue niune.

Iaiai yoiai iaeaiiai noeoea caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi ii can-
oaaeyao /eoaoaey /oanoaiaaoue naay iaiaiooui, ia aoaeo/e oaeiaui.
eee . Aai
i?inoi-iai?inoi iao! Noaiueoa aiiaue ?aneiaaiiui ?aaaieii, ioio-
noeoa ia aieth naia aiia?aaeaiea, iiiuoaeoanue neeie naiae oaioa-
cee nicaeaoue yoeo iaaaaeiiuo caa?thoae, e au iieo/eoa ene?aiiaa
oaeiaieuenoaea io yoie ea?u>.

Oaia?ue io eeoa?aoo?iuo ienoeoeeaoeee ia?aeaeai e ae?oaea-
.–e, neei, eioi?ua ia?aaeee a eiiiaiee aeeceeo ae?ocae, aaea ia
[218JJ iaeaeathony ia aanaeua oooee.

Ciaiaieoue ?onneee iaaaoe Oaaei? Oaeyiei a aeecie aue aei-
aieueii neoiui /aeiaaeii^e iaae yoie aai /a?oie eiiaaea iiaeoo/e-
aaee ae?ocuey. AEeaiienaoe Eiinoaioei Ei?iaei aniiieiaao, eae iae-
iaaeaeu Oaeyiei i?eaeanee naieo ae?ocae – Na?iaa e Ei?iaeia –
caao?aeaoue a . Ei?iaei, aieueoie ethaeoaeue iioooeoue,
oaiai?ee aee?aeoi?a ?anoi?aia iinoaaeoue a n/ao oieiaeiiai ii?i-
naiea, ii ia iiaeaaaoue aai.

Iinea iaaaea aee?aeoi? iiaeae n/ao Oaeyieio, e oio, eae ana-
aaea, aieiaoaeueii eco/ee aai. Iienaiea aeaeueiaeoeo niauoee i?a-
aeinoaaei aaoi?o caienie:

.

Iaaei i?eciaoue, /oi iaoa iai?yaeaiiay e noiaoioiay aeeciue,
iaiieiaiiay iinoiyiiuie caaioaie i oeaaa ianouiii iiae eicoi-
aii , inoaaeyao aanueia iaei a?aiaie aeey oooie
e niaoa. Iu, eae ieia?u, auioaeaeaiu ouaoaeueii acaaoeaaoue ana
naie neiaa e iinooiee, /oiau ii?aaeaeeoue iaiaoiaeeiue o?iaaiue
ioe?iaaiiinoe a iauaiee n ae?oaeie ethaeueie. *aeiaae auioaeaeai
ne?oioeacii ioia?eaaoue i?aaaeo e eiaeue ia iac?eiuo aanao naiaai
niciaiey, a iaeaeoay ioeaea a yoii oiieii i?ioeanna a?iceo ii-
oa?ae aeaiaa eee iauanoaaiiiai oaaaeaiey.

E anoue eeoue iaeei aeaiue a aiaeo, eiaaea iu iiaeai a?aoue e oooeoue
aac iaeyaeee – yoi Ia?aia ai?aey, aeaiue niaoa, thii?a e oooie.
*aua anaai a yoio aeaiue eniuoaieth iiaeaa?aaaony oaeia ethaeneia
ea/anoai, eae aeiaa?/eainoue. A ia?aue aeaiue ai?aey aeiaa?youe eth-
aeyi ia ?aeiiaiaeoaony, eai aan iiaeao iaiaiooue eoi oaiaeii – io
nianoaaiiuo aeaoae aei eo/oaai ae?oaa. Aua aai iacuaatho Aeiai aeo-
?aeia, eai yoi aaeeinoaaiiue aeaiue a aiaeo, eiaaea iu ia aieiny ii-
eacaoueny aeoiuie e aac?annoaeiuie ia?aae ae?oaeie ethaeueie. A oio,
eoi caauaaao i?i yoio aani?aoeaaeaioiue i?acaeiee, e a naiii aeaea’
?eneoao ieacaoueny a aeo?aeao, eae yoi i?iecioei a ia/aea aaea n
ecaanoiui oeeieiaii I. I. Ea?ia?ii.

A 1918 aiaeo a aeo?iaea aeaeiue iooeeieno, ioaeaa-
oee aeieaoth aeeciue e?iiioeeaui ecuneaieyi, I. I. Ea?ia?, ii-
aeaeeeny n /eoaoaeyie aieueoie ?aaeinoueth: aio oaeaeinue iaia?oaeeoue
ieii/aiea iooeeineie . A ?yaeo iooeeineeo oai?aiee,
iacaaa?oaiiuo e iacaeii/aiiuo, caieiaao aein- ff==^
oieiia ianoi; ii neea, au?aceoaeueiinoe, ii aeaeaeneie [1^9]

no?iainoe e i?inoioa yoe ni?ie no?ie ia onooiatho ae?oaei nicaeaie-
yi iaoaai aaiey, e iiyoiio n/anoeeaay iaoiaeea ia iiaea ia acaie-
iiaaoue noa?iai oaenoieiaa.

Ioaeeeaoeee Ea?ia?a i?aaeoanoaiaaei neaaeothuaa: eiiey ?o-
eiiene auea aio i?eneaia ec Oa?ueeiaa iaeei Co?iaui, eiaeaia-
?ii-yeaeo?eeii. Aue, iie, o iaai i?eyoaeue ii oaieeee Eauai-
ei, o eioi?iai auea eooa?ea; eooa?ea iiia?ea, a iinea iaa inoae-
ny noiaeoe n aauaie, i eioi?uo ie/aai ieeiio ia auei ecaanoii.
E aio a yoii-oi noiaeoea n?aaee i?i/aai oeaia auei iaia?oaeaii
ianeieueei enienaiiuo eenoia aoiaae n aiaeyiuie ciaeaie 1834
aiaea. Co?ia n/ae naiei aeieaii ioi?aaeoue yoo ?oeiienue Ea?ia?o,
ciay, /oi ii yaeyaony aeaeiaeoei ciaoieii yiioe.

Ii ii/oaiiue iooeeieno ia ia?aoee aieiaiey ia aeaoo io-
i?aaeaiey e iieo/aiey ienueia. A iii auei ioi?aaeaii ec Oa?ue-
eiaa 21 ia?oa n oaeei ?an/aoii, /oiau iieo/eee aai eiaiii 1 ai-
?aey. Ia?aiai?aeueneay oooea o aeaeanue, e oaeno aue
iioaeeeiaai.

Nionoy ianeieueei aeiae a aeo?iaea A. Nei-
ieineee, oiaaea iieiaeie eeoa?aoo?iaaae, aeieacae, /oi oieueei ee-
oa?aoo?iie aeeci?oeinoueth iiaeii iauynieoue oi eaaeiaa?ea, oo ia-
?acai?/eainoue, eioi?oth i?iyaee ii/oaiiue e oaaaeaaiue o/aiue.
Ii/oe iaeiia?aiaiii ni noaoueae A. Neiieineiai auei iioaeeei-
aaii ioe?iaaiiia i?eciaiea aaoi?a iiaeaeaeee. Yoi aue iieiaeie
iiyo Na?aae Aia?ia ec a?oiiu . Ca ianeieueei eao aei
oiai Aia?ia ooeo?eeny iineaoue a iaeei ec aeo?iaeia noeoe Aa?a-
ouineiai iiae /oaeie iiaeienueth. Noeoe auee oaeinoiaiu ioaaoa: .

Ia?aiai?aeueneea oooee auaatho ?aciua: aeia?ua e ceua, ino-
?ioiiua e ooiua, aanaeua e a?onoiua. I?aaaea, ainieoaiiue /a-
eiaae ana aea noa?aaony naeaeaoue oae, /oiau oooea ia auea aeanoi-
eie, ii auaaao e eia/a. Aniiiiei oioy au nio?oaeieeia ec ?iiaia Eeueoa e Iao?iaa .

.

21. ?acoeueoaoeaiia iauaiea. Ecaanoiue niaoeeaeeno ?. ?iiei
a eieaa (1998) niiauaao, /oi aaaeiaeoei oiaie-
ai aeey niaoeeaeenoa yaeyaony iaeaaeaiea ineoioaoiieiaeae ?acoeue-
oaoeaiiai iauaiey. ?. ?iiei n/eoaao, /oi iieaciinoue acaeiiaeae-
noaey n eioa?anothuei aan /aeiaaeii neeaaeuaaaony ec oiaiey i?a-
aeeueii no?ieoue n iei eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua eiioaeou.

Iauaiea yaeyaony ?acoeueoaoeaiui i?e oii oneiaee, /oi iii
iiae/eiaii aeinoeaeaieth ?yaea oeaeae, iai?eia? oaeeo eae:

– eco/aiea ineoieiaee iauaeoa;

– aeeaaiinoeea iauaeoa;

– onoaiiaeaiea aieaa oaniuo eiioaeoia;

‘.–e. – iaania/aiea nio?oaeie/anoaa;

[220 jj – ianoaeaeaiea eiie?aoiie i?iaeaiu;

– iieo/aiea ioaeiie eioi?iaoeee;

– ia?aaea/a naiae oaeoo?u, eee aeaceioi?iaoeee;

– oaaaeaeaiea a /ai-oi;

– i?eioaeaeaiea e /aio-eeai.

A oiaea iieiioeaiiiai acaeiiaeaenoaey iiaeii auaeaeeoue ia?a-
oaeathuea ae?oa a ae?oaa oacu, aeeth/athuea: o

– i?aaeaa?eoaeueioth iiaeaioiaeo;

– ia/aei ?acaiai?a n iaania/aieai iiaeoiaeyuaai ineoiyiioee-
iiaeueiiai iano?iy niaanaaeieea;

– i?iaaaeaiea naiae oaiu e iai?aaeaiea aanaaeu a i?aaeoniio-
?aiiii iai?aaeaiee;

– caaa?oaiea aeeaeiaa n cae?aieaieai aeinoeaiooiai ?acoeue-
oaoa.

Ia yoaia i?aaeaa?eoaeueiie iiaeaioiaee caieiathony:

– – i?iyniaieai oiai, /oi ioaeii aeinoe/ue a ?acoeueoaoa ?acaiai-
?a, ioia/ay i?aaeii/oeoaeueiue iaeneioi e i?eaieaiue ieieioi;

– iieo/aieai ecia/aeueiie eioi?iaoeee (i ia?oia?a e cao?a-
aeaaaiie i?iaeaia);

– iaaeoiuaaieai oaeoeee eiioaeoa (niia?acii n ineoieiaeae
iauaeoa e eiuie aeaenoaothueie caeanue oaeoi?aie);

– io?aaaouaaieai auea?uoiuo eiiiiiaioia iauaiey (au-
ai? iiaeoiaeyuaai iiiaioa, ianoa, ianoaiiaee e ianoiyoaeuenoa nae-
aeaiey).

Ia/aei ?acaiai?a n iiaeaea?aeaieai niioaaonoaothuaai ineoi-
yiioeeiiaeueiiai iano?iy o aecaae no?ieony ia i?ana/aiee iaaaoea-
iuo yiioeee e ioa?anuaaiee anaaiciiaeiuo aa?uea?ia, cao?oaeiyth-
ueo iaiaoiaeeiia acaeiiiiieiaiea. Iaaaoeaiua ?aaeoeee niaanaae-
ieea canaeatho ii ?acee/iui aiaoiei i?iyaeaieyi (?aceinoe
o?ac, caaeaoinoe iic, ocinoe c?a/eia…) e nieiatho ?acee/iuie
ineoieiae/aneeie i?eaiaie (auai?ii iniai aeaenoaothueo neia,
ieieeie, oaeaniui eiie?iaaieai…).

I?iaaaeaiea eca?aiiie oaiu e iiaeno?ieea aanaaeu e eieaaaie-
yi aeeaeiaa iie?athony ia enoiaeioth oaeoeeo n iinoiyiiui iaaeth-
aeaieai ca ?acee/iuie (aeanou, au?aaeaiey eeoea, acaeyae…) ?aae-
oeeyie ia?oia?a e ei??aeoeeae, enoiaey ec ieo, naiaai iineaaeoth-
uaai iiaaaeaiey.

Caaa?oaiea aanaaeu n cae?aieaieai aeinoeaiooiai ?acoeueoaoa
iiae?acoiaaaao, /oi aeaiiue aeo iauaiey neaaeaony iaiaoiaeeiui
ia?acii ia iuoeaiee e iinooieao niaanaaeieea, ia canoaaea aai
iiiaiyoue noaeaeaiea i aecaae ia iaaaoeaiia.

Aioiaynue e ia?niaeoeaiiio eiioaeoo, neaaeoao o/eouaaoue, /oi:

– a oieiaeiua e nooea aeie /aeiaae eo/oa ?aaioaao, oiaaea eae
neeoeii aea?eay eee aeaaeiay iiaiaea caiaoii i?eooieyao eioae-
eaeo;

– ano?a/e aaeaeo iniaiai aicaeaenoaey naaaeaai aicaeooa (/ooue niee e /ooue eiaea) aanueia aeaaii?eyoiu aeey
i?iaaaeaiey aeaeiauo ia?aaiai?ia;

– a ?aeiia 19 /ania ia?aii-ineoe/aneia ninoiyiea ethaeae noa-
iiaeony aeiaieueii iaonoie/eaui, /oi iiaeao i?iyaeoueny a eceeo-
iae ?acae?aaeeoaeueiinoe e aniueue/eainoe;

– oai, aaea iao oieiu e iocuea cao/eo ia i/aeue a?ii- ^-.,
ei, eaa/a i?eaeaoue aanaaea eioeiii-aeiaa?eoaeueiue oa?aeoa?; [L221.

– ethaay ?aaeinoue oaaee/eaaao aeueo?oeci, iaeaea eee ?aci/a-
?iaaiea – oiaiueoaao aai;

– ian anaaaea i?eoyaeaatho ciathuea e iiuoiua ethaee;

– /aeiaae ethaeo oao, eoi ethaeo neiiaoe/iuo aio ethaeae;

– /ai /aua iu aeaeei ia?oia?a ii iauaieth, oai aieueoa aa-
?iyoiinoue oiai, /oi ii iai iii?aaeony, ii /?acia?iua eiioaeou,
iaeiaei, nieaeatho aai i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoue;

– ethaee /anoi oeaiyony eeoue a oie noaiaie, a eaeie iie iiaoo
iiii/ue a ?aaeecaoeee ee/iuo oeaeae ia?oia?a;

– /ai aieueoa eoi-eeai iaeaaeaao aeanoueth, oai iaiueoa yoio ei-
aeeaeae no?aieony e ae?oaeaneei eiioaeoai;

– /aeiaae /aua anaai i?eaea?aeeaaaony i?eioeeia: * ionoue ae?o-

cueyi ai anai niioonoaoao oniao, ii a oii, /oi aaaeii aeey iaiy, –
ia aieaa, /ai iia>.

Anooiay a ?acaiai? e ono?aiyy aioo?aiiaa iai?yaeaiea o ia?o-
ia?a, iiiieoa, /oi:

– oaa?aeia oaa?aiiia ?oeiiiaeaoea, nii?iaiaeaeaaiia acaeyaeii
a aeaca, i?aaeony iau/ii ii/oe anai;

– aeeieiiaoe/iia iiaaaeaiea i?aaeiieaaaao inoi?iaeiinoue, oae-
oe/iinoue e yeaiaioa?ioth o/oeainoue;

– aaiaeueiia ia/aei i?eaioe?oao ia aaiaeueiinoue anae aanaaeu;

– noauaeoa aieaa anaai inei?aeyao, eiaaea niiauatho, /oi ia
iiiiyo aai eiaie, aaaeue yoei aio eae au iaiaeatho, /oi ii ia eia-
ao niaa?oaiii ieeaeiai cia/aiey aeey ia?oia?a;

– ethaee, iiciaaoea yiioeeiiaeueiua iio?ynaiey, ia?aaeei
euoo a niaanaaeieea eeoue , a ia niaao/eea (iaieioi
au?aaeaao iiieiaiea e ni/oanoaea, e i?eia?o, iau/iia i?eein-
iiaaiea ?oee);

– ia/aa aanaaeo, iiiuoaeoanue i?aaieciaaoue aeaaiaeaeaoaeueioth
aoiinoa?o oaeeie aii?inaie, ia eioi?ua /aeiaae ioaaoeo n
caiaoiui oaeiaieuenoaeai; oai naiui caaiaauaaaony aeiaa?ea ia?o-
ia?a;

– aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiay onoaiiaea (a iii?inoo – aioiaiinoue neo-
oaoue /aeiaaea) ?iaeaeaao ninoiyiea naiaiaeu e iai?eioaeaeaiiinoe;

/ai iaiaa iu noaeei aiai?yuaai, oai aieaa naiie?eoe/iui ii i?i-
yaeony, aueacuaay naie iunee e /oanoaa ai?acaei ioe?iaaiiaa, /ai
a neooaoeeyo n iniciaiiui eiio?ieai;

– ethaee iau/ii ethayo aiai?eoue i nianoaaiiie ia?niia e iiae-
/a?eeaaoue naith cia/eoaeueiinoue;

– aanaaeiaaoue n noauaeoii aeaeaoaeueii eeoue ia aai i?eau/iii
, ia ceioiio?aaeyy iaciaeiiuie neiaaie (/oi ?acae?aaea-
ao) e ia auneacuaaynue /?acia?ii oi?iuaiii (aan iiaoo caiiaeic-
?eoue a ieceii o?iaia eioaeeaeoa);

– ia ia?aue ieai a oiaea iauaiey iaiaoiaeeii auaeaeaaoue noae-
aeaiey e ono?aieaiey niaanaaeieea (aianoi ), iineieueeo ii ioioiaa iiaeaea?aeeaaao ?acaiai? i nia-
noaaiiuo i?iaeaiao e AEaeaieyo;

– i?eyoii aanaaeiaaoue n ethaeueie, eiathueie iaeeaeaiiia eeoei
e yeni?anneaiua aeanou, a oaeaea n oaie, eoi niiioaiii i?eieia-
ao iai?eioaeaeaiioth iico (n noauaeoaie, eioi?ua i?e ?acaiai?a
.–e, ioeeaeuaathony iacaae eee ?acaaeeaathony a e?anea, ethaee
[222 JJ iau/ii /oanoaotho naay ia i/aiue othoii);

– /oiau iaeaaeeoue iieiia acaeiiiiieiaiea e ii?iaeeoue iai?e-
ioaeaeaiiinoue i?e eiioaeoa, aeaeaoaeueii eiie?iaaoue eae iico, oae
e aeanou niaanaaeieea; oaeia niiauaao aecaae,
/oi au iiaeaea?aeeaaaoa aai iiaiey e acaeyaeu, e i?aae?aniieaaaao
/aeiaaea e aai;

– iaeeoia eiie ?ac ioia?aaeaoue yiioeeiiaeueiua ia?aaeeaa-
iey ia?oia?a, iieacuaay, /oi ioee/ii iiieiaaoa aai ineoe/aneia
ninoiyiea; yoi i/aiue i?eyoii e oeo/oaao aeiaa?eoaeueiua ioiioa-
iey;

– eiaaea /aeiaae yiioeeiiaeueii aicaoaeaeai, ii /anoi au?aaea-
aony eceeoia yeni?anneaii e eae au iaiaaeaao ia niaanaaeieea, oioy
yoi nianai ia oae;

– onoie/eaue eiioaeo aeacaie n aiai?yuei aueacuaaao
caeioa?aniaaiiinoue e aaeioiiaeyao aecaae ia i?iaeieaeaiea ii-
iieiaa;

– i?inoaeoea iaeo?aeueiua neiaa (, )
n ni/oanoaaiiui iaeeiiii aieiau iiaeaaae?eaatho niaanaaeieea e
aucuaatho o iaai aeaeaiea i?iaeieaeaoue iauaiea;

– ie/oi oae ia i?aaeony aaciieanoaothuaio ia?oia?o, eae
i?aaeeiaeaiea auneacaoue naia noaeaeaiea, eioi?ia, eiia/ii aea, iaaei
aieiaoaeueii auneooaoue;

– eiaaea /aeiaae aeaeeo, /oi aai neooatho, ii n neiiaoeae ia-
no?aeaaaony ia niaanaaeieea e, a naith i/a?aaeue, noa?aaony i?eneo-
oeaaoueny e iaio;

– ethaiio /aeiaaeo i?aaeony, eiaaea aio niiauatho i?eyoiua
aaue, a iniaaiiinoe yoi oeaiyo aeaiueiu;

– iaiaeia cia/aiea aeey i?eaaaeaiey iauaeoa a aeia?iaeaeaoaeue-
iia ninoiyiea anaaaea eiaao oiii neacaiiue eiiieeiaio;

– eanoue ia aini?eieiaaony aieaciaiii, eiaaea iia ia auaey-
aeeo eae neeoeii yaiay eiaeue;

– iaeuecy ?ann/eouaaoue ia ae?oaeaneoth ioe?iaaiiinoue a ioaao
ia oaeueoue, ionoue aeaaea caianee?iaaiioth;

– ia noieo caaeaaaoue eceeoiaa eiee/anoai aii?inia, iineieue-
eo yoi iiaeao iiiaoaoue aai ia?anoe iaiaoiaeeiia aeiaa?ea;

– aacoaea?aeiay i/aaeaeiay oaanoeeainoue, eae i?aaeei, iayo-
oaeoeaia, e i?eaaaaoue e iae anoue eaeie-oi niune oieueei oiaaea,
eiaaea aeiaa?ea ia?oia?a oaea ia?aoaii;

– e?aneaue yia?ae/iue aeano, iiae/a?eeaathuee aeaaainoaoth-
uoth iuneue, iau/ii ia iiiaoa, ii ecaaaaeoa i?eaaaaoue e ?oeai aeey
i?eaea/aiey aieiaiey;

– aeey aucuaaiey a?aaeaeaaiinoe aiieia oaaoaao nooinoe e
naea?aeaiiinoe a iaiaia eioi?iaoeeae;

– aeey ia?aoaiey ae?oaeanoaaiiinoe ioaeia iai?eioaeaeaiiinoue
e ecauoi/iinoue a niiauaiee ?aciuo naaaeaiee.

Aaaey ?acaiai?, ia caauaaeoa, /oi ethaeae iaueiiaaiii ?acae?a-
aeatho:

– iaaaoeaiue yaioeaio?eci (?a/ue i naieo noaoai ee/iuo e ei-
oeiiuo aeaeao, aoaeue oi aieacie eee iai?eyoiinoe ia ?aaioa);

– aaiaeueiinoue (o?ai ia ecaanoiuo anai aauao, iiaoi?aiea ec-
aeouo oooie e aoi?eciia);

– ianneaiinoue (iiaeaeaeeaaiea niaanaaeieeo e iaaeaea- J_-.
iea auneacuaaoue iaaeoiaiiia iiaiea); IJL223]

– naiioaeoaeaiiinoue (nin?aaeioi/aiiinoue eeoue ia naieo on-
iaoao e i?iaeaiao);

– ieceay yiioeeiiaeueiinoue (iaeciaiyaiia au?aaeaiea eeoea,
iaeiiia?aciue aiein, no?aieaiea ia niio?aoue ia?oia?o a aeaca);

– oa?thiinoue (iiae/a?eiooia iaaeaeaiea iiaeaea?aeeaaoue aanaaeo,
eiaaea ioaeii );


na?ueaciinoue (iieiia ionoonoaea oeuaee e i?eieiaiea ana-
ai ana?ueac);

– euenoeainoue (caeneeaathuee oii, eneonnoaaiiay aanaeinoue e
iieaciia ae?oaeaethaea);

– ionoonoaea oaeoe/iinoe e nei?iiaeeoaeueiua auaiaeu (ec-
eeoiea ia?aaeaaiey niaanaaeieea e noauaeoeaiua ioeaiee ii ia?-
aiio aea aia/aoeaieth; ana yoi canoaaeyao aecaae i?eiyoue iai?i-
ieoaeueioth iiceoeeth, i?aiyonoaothuoth ii?iaeueiiio iauaieth);

-.iiauoaiiay ioaeaeaaiinoue (oaeeeaaiea io ?anniao?eaaaiie
i?iaeaiu ii ethaiio iiaiaeo, eniieueciaaiea a ?acaiai?a neaiaa);

– i?eoai?noai (?acua?uaaiea caeioa?aniaaiiinoe eee niia-
?aaeeaaiey; ionoonoaea eaeiai-eeai eioa?ana e neoea ioee/ii au-
/eneythony ii au?aaeaieth eeoea, eae au aai aeaaeaeaoe ie eciu?ye-
ny, a yoi eiie ?ac aini?eieiaaony eae inei?aeaiea);

– aunieiia?ea (iaaeiaiiinoue e i?aiaa?aaeaiea e niaanaaeie-
eo, neia neaicue coau);

– a?oainoue (io/aoeeaia e aeinoaoi/ii iao/oeaia i?ioeai?a/ea);

– aieoeeainoue ();

– iai?ioaiua niaaou (aea/a niaaoia, eiaaea ia yoii niaa?oai-
ii ia i?inyo, iniaaiii anee niaaoothuee ia i/aiue-oi ?acae?aaony
a cao?aaeaaaiii aii?ina);

– ?aoeoaeueiinoue ooaa?aeaeaiee (aacaiaeeyoeeiiiua caia/aiey
n iaa?aaeiui ioiaoaieai /oaeiai iiaiey; oaeia ioiioaiea au-
cuaaao iiaeniciaoaeueiue i?ioano e iiaeao i?eaanoe e nni?a);

– cae?uoua aii?inu (o. a. aii?inu, o?aaothuea iaeiicia/ii-

ai – eee – ioaaoa; iie aaaeoo e nicaeaieth iai?yaeai-
iinoe a aanaaea, iineieueeo ia?aie/eaatho o ia?oia?a i?ino?ainoai
aeey iaiaa?a, e ii iiaeao ii/oanoaiaaoue naay eae ia aeii?ina).

?aaeecoy oeaeaaoth onoaiiaeo, iaeeoia ciaoue, /oi:

– ia?aui /aua anaai auioaeaeai aiai?eoue aieaa neaaue;

– aeey iiaeaea?aeaiey eioa?ana e naaa iiaeii eio?eaiaaoue ia?o-
ia?a naiae inaaaeiieaiiinoueth;

– oii nianoaaiiiai aieina iieacii auia?youe ii oiio niaanaae-
ieea: eiaaea iineaaeiee iiauoaao oii, aiai?eoa oeoa, /oi auio-
aeeo e aecaae iiieceoue neeo aieina; i?e yoii ii aoaeao niaeaeaoue i
nianoaaiiie ai?y/iinoe, inoaaea oaeei ia?acii iiaaaeo a yoii yie-
ciaea ca aaie;

– a eiioeeeoiuo neooaoeeyo iaeae yiioeee ca/anooth oaeaaony
niyoue, aeaa /aeiaaeo i?inoi auneacaoueny;

– /oiau n oniaoii /oi-eeai aiooeoue, iaaei oiaoue canoaaeoue
naay neooaoue;

– iaiai oeaeaniia?acai, eeoue anee ii iaaa?iyea ia iiaeao
auoue ?aciaea/ai;

– iaethnaiueeay eiaeue niiniaia ii?iaeeoue aieueoia iaaeiaa?ea;

I , oae e iiieiaao ia-
iiiai iaiueoa, /ai ii oi/ao iieacaoue;

– ethaee, eiathuea neeiiiinoue e naiiaiaeeco, iaaaaeii iiie-
iatho oao, eoi ia caaeoiuaaaony iaae naiei aioo?aiiei ie?ii;

– aanaaeoy n ecaanoiui /aeiaaeii a ciaeiiuo neooaoeeyo,
ia?oia?u iau/ii neuoao oi, /oi i?aaeiieaaatho oneuoaoue, a ii-
oiio niiauaiea, ia i/aiueoa?aeoa?iia aeey iaai, iau/ii i?iion-
eatho ieii ooae eee aini?eieiatho iaaa?ii;

– iai?aaeeueiue ycue ieacuaaao io?eoeaoaeueiia aeeyiea ia
aini?eyoea niiauaaiiai; ianiioaaonoaea oiio?aaeyaiiai au?aaea-
iey noaiaea?oiiio cia/aieth, a oi e noeeenoe/aneei eaiiiai eiie
?ac aucuaaao iaaaoeaiua yiioeee, naiaeyuea ia iao anth iieueco io
aanaaeu (eceeoia auni?aiiua au?aaeaiey niaoao, aaiaeueiua –
ia?aaeei ?acae?aaeatho, ioeai/iay eaeneea iano?aeaaao ia /. .
e?iieth); 11225]

8 Cae.?821

– o aieueoeinoaa ethaeae anoue iaeea e?eoe/aneea neiaa, ini-
aaiii aicaeaenoaothuea ia ineoeeo, oae /oi, oneuoaa eo, iauaeo
aiacaiii aicaoaeaeaaony e oa?yao ieoue aaaeouaainy ?acaiai?a;

– iaiiaaiiue ia?aoiae io ae?oaeaethaey e iaiioeae?iaaiiie
a?aaeaeaaiinoe niiniaai aucaaoue ?anoa?yiiinoue, ioeaiaiaiea, no?ao

e aeaaea yiioeeiiaeueiue oie;

– eiaaea ioaeii aicaeaenoaiaaoue ia /oanoaa /aeiaaea – aio ai-
ai?yo i?aeiouanoaaiii a eaaia ooi, eiaaea ia eiaeeo – a i?aaia;

– ethaeae, ioaa/aiiuo aiacaiiui aiaaii, caiaoii eaa/a ?an-
niaoeoue, /ai a iau/iii iano?iaiee, a yoii ninoieo iaeei ec oeai-
iuo niiniaia iaeo?aeecaoeee eiioeeeoia;

– aeoeaiinoue aini?eyoey a ia?iiiie noaiaie caaeneo io nii-
niaiinoe iieo/aiiie eioi?iaoeee ?acaa?aaeeoue a iaiyoe /aeiaa-
ea oayueany oai ainiiieiaiey;

– oi, /oi anaoeaei iiai aeey ia?oia?a e ieeaeei ia?acii ia nou-
eoaony n aai iiciaieyie, ia aucuaaao o iaai e iniaiai eioa?ana, a
/ai aieueoa eiaeeaeae ciaeii n i?aaeiaoii, oai aieaa aai eioa?ano-
tho /anoiinoe e ithainu;

– eiaaea noauaeo aiiaua iaciaeii n eaeei-eeai aii?inii, iin-
eaaeothuaa aini?eyoea i?aaeiaoa iau/ii neeueii iaoneiaeeaaaony

ia?ae/iui niiauaieai i iai;

– ecaanoeth, iieo/aiiiio ia?aui, ai?acaei aieueoa aeiaa?ytho,

/ai anai iieo/aiiui a aeaeueiaeo&i;

– ethaee iau/ii i?aoaaee/eaatho eioi?iaoeeiiioth oeaiiinoue
niauoee, iiaeoaa?aeaeathueo eo aeiioaco, e iaaeiioeaieaatho eioi?-
iaoeeth, i?ioeai?a/auoth ae;

– /aeiaae auneacuaaao 80% ec oiai, /oi oi/ao niiaueoue, a
neooathuea aai aini?eieiatho eeoue 70% ec yoiai, iiieiatho –
60%, a iaiyoe aea o ieo inoaaony io 10 aei 25%;

– /oiau ia?oia? niia aini?eiyoue ia?aaeaaaaioth eioi?ia-
oeeth, iaiaoiaeeii iinoiyiii iiaoi?youe aio aeaaainoaothuea oai

iunee e iieiaeaiey;

– /ai eo/oa iu iniciaai i?aaeiao aanaaeu, oai eaa/a aa caii-
ieiaai;

oaea?aeeaaao a iaiyoe ia aieaa /aoaa?oe

oiai, /oi auei neacaii aio eeoue ia?o aeiae iacaae;

– eo/oa anaai iaiyoue ?aaioaao iaaeaeo 8-12 /anaie oo?a e iin-
ea 9 /ania aa/a?a, ooaea anaai – n?aco iinea iaaaea;

– eo/oa anaai caiiieiaaony iineaaeiyy /anoue eioi?iaoeee,
ianeieueei ooaea – ia?aay, oiaaea eae n?aaeiyy – /aua anaai caau-
aaaony;

– iaiyoue /aeiaaea niiniaia nio?aieoue aei 90% ec oiai, /oi

/aeiaae aeaeaao, 50% ec oiai, /oi ii aeaeeo, e 10% ec oiai, /oi ii

neuoeo;

– i?a?aaiiua ii oai eee eiui i?e/eiai aeaenoaey caiiie-
iathony a aeaa ?aca eo/oa, /ai caeii/aiiua;

– neeoeii cia/eoaeueiue iauai iaee/iie eioi?iaoeee nae-
aaao n oieeo e i?aiyonoaoao aa ia?a?aaioea;

– eioaeeaeo eo/oa anaai ?aaioaao a iieiaeaiee /aeiaaea
neaey, ooaea – noiy, nianai ieioi – eaaea;

– iiaeeeua ethaee eo/oa anaai niia?aaeatho oo?ii, iiei-
aeua – aa/a?ii;

– ethaee, eae i?aaeei, oiiaa e ?an/aoeeaaa a 8 /ania oo?a;

– noiyuee /aeiaae eiaao iaeia ineoieiae/aneia i?aeioua-
noai iaae neaeyuei;

– acaeiiaeaenoaoy a oneiaeyo aieueoiai ooia, iaiaoiaeeii:

niio?aoue ia aiai?yuaai, eniieueciaaoue eeoue oi?ioi ciaeiiua nei-
aa, neaaea ?anoyaeaaoue neiae, aeaaieu oeia noaaeoue a
ia/aei o?acu, oeia – a aa eiiaoe;

: – ;

;

– i?e eiioeueneaiii yiioeeiiaeueiii ?aaae?iaaiee iau/ii
iiieiaaony ia aieaa /ai o?aoue io aini?eieiaaiie eioi?iaoeee,
iineieueeo aicieeathuee i?e yoii no?ann aioiaeo aeey aeoeaiiai
ioaaoa oaei (aua?anuaaieai a e?iaue aae?aiaeeia, aeoeaecaoeeae
aeuoaiey e ioeuena, caaeaenoaiaaieai ?aca?aia naoa?a e aee?a), aei-
ee?oy ?aaioo iicaa;

– aeaiueia ?anniao?eaaao ?acaiai? eae niinia onoaiiaeaiey
eiioaeoa, auneacuaaiey /oanoa eee neiiaoee – aioeiaoee, a
aeaaiia – eae niinia iienea ?aoaiey ?acee/iuo i?iaeai;

– ioae/eiu aieueoa ethayo aiai?eoue i nianoaaiiuo oniaoao,
/ai neooaoue i /oaeeo, aeaiueiu – iaiai?io;

– ioae/eia icaai/ai ee/iui noaoonii ai iiaiee ie?oaeath-
ueo e niio?eo ia iauaiea eae ia aiciiaeiinoue iaiaia eioi?ia-
oeeae, a ia ia?aaeeaaieyie; ii aeaaeaeao ooaa?aeeoue caeanue naith nia-
noaaiioth iacaaeneiinoue;

– aeaiueiu i?eaioe?othony ia aioo?aiiaa niaea?aeaiea (iun-
ee, iaia?aiey, /oanoaa e ioiioaiey) aanaaeu, oniao?eaay anaaic-
iiaeiua iaiaee ai anyeeo aaciaeaeiuo ?aieeeao; iie aa?yo nei-
aai iau/ii aieueoa, /ai iinooieai.

Ethaay aanaaea neaaaaony ec iiiai/eneaiiuo yeaiaioia, caae-
nyueo io aiaoieo ianoiyoaeuenoa e noeaieaiiuo i?iaeoiaiiie no?a-
oaaeae. ?acee/iua aniaeou yooaeoeaiiai iauaiey i?aaenoaaea-
iu a ?acaeaeao, ia?eniauaathueo aa?aiaeo e iaoiaeu aicaeaenoaey
ia /aeiaaea, caeanue aea iu i?eaaaeai eeoue iaeea i?eaioe?othuea
?aeiiaiaeaoeee.

Aioiaynue e aanaaea, i?eieoa ai aieiaiea, /oi:

– iaiaoiaeeii i?aainoiaeii i?eaioe?iaaoueny a oie i?iaeaia,
eioi?oth au niae?aaoanue na?ueacii ianoaeaeaoue; aicaea?aeeaaeoanue io
iaiainiiaaiiuo noaeaeaiee;

– ?aniieaaaynue ca noieii ae?oa i?ioea ae?oaa, au nicaeaaoa ao-
iinoa?o eiieo?aioeee, nieaeay yoei oainu ia oniao ia?aaiai-
?ia;

– iaioaeiia i?enoonoaea iacaeioa?aniaaiiuo eeoe e anyeea
iai?aaeoniio?aiiua ioaea/aiey (caiiie ii oaeaoiio, aiacaiiue
ooi, neo/aeiue iinaoeoaeue) iaoatho aeiaa?eoaeueiiio iauaieth,
eiiay onoaiaaeeaaaiue aaie iano?ie aanaaeu;

– neaeyuee /aeiaae iau/ii ioe?iaaiiaa noiyuaai, ii anee ii-
?o/aaony caaeaiea, ?ann/eoaiiia ia ?aoeoaeueiinoue e auno?ioo, –
ionoue aecaae anaaaea noieo;

– aeaeay, /oiau niaanaaeiee caiiiiee iaeioi?ue oaeo,
iiaeaeoa aio yoo eioi?iaoeeth a naiii ia/aea ?acaiai?a;

anee aea au oioeoa, /oiau ii ia/oi naeaeae, – inoaaueoa i?inueao ia

eiiaoe aanaaeu.

Iauaynue n /aeiaaeii, iniciaaaeoa, /oi:

– ethaee ia?aaeei ia/eiatho iuneeoue eeoue a oio iiiaio, eiaaea

iie caaiai?yo;

– /ai iaiueoa o ia?oia?a oaa?aiiinoe a naaa, oai aieueoa ii
?anoaaeeaaao aie?oa aea ieiei, iiea ?aoeony e i?enooieo e aeaa-
iiio;

– n acaieiiaaiiui e aicaoaeaeaiiui /aeiaaeii iao niunea ai-
ai?eoue ii-aeaeiaiio;

– iianii iiaeaeaaaoueny aeeyieth yiioeee niaanaaeieea, eia/a

iiaeii ooa?youe aanue niune niiauaiey;

– eniuouaay i?anneia niaoee eee neeueiaeoaai aeaeaiey io-
i?aaeoueny a ooaeao, noauaeo ieacuaaaony ia a ninoiyiee ?acoiii

iuneeoue;

.

?ann/eouaay iieo/eoue eaeoth-eeai eioi?iaoeeth, ia caauaae-
oa, /oi:

– a ioaaoa ia oaeoe/aneia ooaa?aeaeaiea ia?oia? niiauaao

aieueoa naaaeaiee, /ai ioaa/ay ia iau/iue aii?in;

– aeey aeaiuei oa?aeoa?ii aini?eyoea iaeeeo niauoee eae

e?oiiuo;

– ioaeiieyy /aeiaaea, eiie ?ac oaeaaony iieo/eoue aeiaieueii

iaiaeeaeaiiua iaoa?eaeu;

– ia?aiaaeay naiae o?acie auneacuaaiey
ia?oia?a, au i?iaioee?oaoa aai ia ioe?iaaiiinoue: ;

– anee nicaeaoue oaaaeeoaeueiia aia/aoeaiea, /oi aaaeaaoa ai?ac-
aei aieueoa niaanaaeieea, iineaaeiee nai ?anneaaeao ana, /oi ciaao;

– auneooeaay yiioeeiiaeueiua neiaa e au?aaeaiey, aieeae-
oa a eo ?aaeueiue niune, a ia ioi?ieaiea;

– o anao oae iacuaaaiuo cae?uouo aii?inia (o. a. o?aaothueo
i?inouo – eee – ioaaoia) anoue naienoai ia?ooaoue oiae
iuneae aiai?yuaai, a iioiio i?aaeii/eoaeoa ei ioe?uoua aii?i-
nu;

– ioe?uoua aii?inu oi?ioe i?e iieiaeeoaeueiii eeai iaeo-
?aeueiii ioiioaiee niaanaaeieea, eiaaea aai o?aaothony aeiiieie-
oaeueiua naaaeaiey eee iaiaoiaeeii i?iynieoue ?aaeueiua iioeau e
iiceoeee iauaeoa; iineieueeo eieoeeaoeaa caeanue ia?aaeaaony ia?oia-
?o, neaaeeoa, /oiau ii ia caoaaoee eiio?ieue iaae oiaeii anae aanaaeu.

Aeey nio?aiaiey ioaeiie aai aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiinoe aecaae ii-
eacii ciaoue,/oi:

– noauaeoa iiaeii i?eaanoe a oi?ioaa ?aniieiaeaiea aeooa,
anee iieoe ia iaeea onooiee aio, eioi?ua ii nouanoao caiaoii
iaiueoa, /ai eaaeoony ia ia?aue acaeyae; ‘

– i?e anyeii iiaeoiaeyuai neo/aa aeoeaii i?eciaaaeoa i?a-
‘,–^s aioo ia?oia?a, /oi iiaeao auoue iieacii aeaaea oiaaea, eiaaea
[228]] ii a /ai-oi ia i?aa;

– /ai e?eoe/iaa e naaa au ioianaoanue i?e ioeaea, oai aieaa
iaaci?oaeeaaaony i?ioeaiee;

– o/oeainoue iaoiaeaeaiey ia i?aoiaiueoeo yniinoe ie i?inueau,
ie i?eeaca, ii yaii aini?aiyonoaoao aicieeiiaaieth o ia?oia?a
iiaenioaeiiai nii?ioeaeaiey;

– aanueia iaoi?ioi ia aoiinoa?o aeaeiaiai ?acaiai?a aicaeae-
noaoao i?ac?eoaeueiia ioiaoaiea a?aoiaioia niaanaaeieea aac any-
eiai aeaeaiey iiiyoue eo ianoiyuee niune;

– eiaaea auneacuaaaony anaoeaei iai?eaieaiay aeey aan iice-
oeey, ia noieo ioaa?aaoue aa iaoeueii, eo/oa neacaoue, /oi aai iia
iiea /oi iaiiiyoia.

Auno?aeaay eiiiiceoeeth eiioaeoa, o/eouaatho, /oi:

– a auai?a oaeoeee e oaoieee aanaaeu iaaei o/eouaaoue naiaia-
?acea iuoeaiey niaanaaeieea e aai ineoioece/aneea iniaaiiin-
oe (e i?eia?o, aeaiueia oeaeaniia?acii iieacaoue, /oi naeaeaii, a
ia eae aeaeaaony);

– a ethaii iauaiee iaaeiaii i?aaeoniio?aoue eae (n
eiioeaio?aoeeae aieiaiey aecaae), oae eae e (aeey i?aa-
iecaoeee e cae?aieaiey aai iuneae e annioeeaoeee) ?acaiai?a;

– aanaaeo neaaeoao ia?eiaee/anee ia?aiaaeaoue iainiiaaiiuie
iaocaie, /oiau aeaaaoue aiciiaeiinoue ia?aaeioiooue e cae?aieoue aei-
noeaiooia;

– oiaei ?annoaaeyaiua iaocu eiie ?ac iiaoo ieacaoue caiao-
ii aieueoaa aeeyiea, /ai iauee iioie neia;

– oaii iiaea/e iaoa?eaea e ?aciauaiea inoaiiaie ii?aaeaey-
thony n o/aoii ineoieiaee ia?oia?a, i?e yoii iaeaieaa yooaeoe-
aai (o. a. aeice?oaiuie ii?oeeyie) iinue oaeoo?u;

– ia i/aiue i?eyoiua iiiaiou e oaeou aeaeaoaeueii /a?aaei-
aaoue n aeaaii?eyoiuie, a ia/aei e eiiaoe aanaaeuaeieaeiu auoue ia-
niiiaiii iiceoeaiuie;

– ii ia?a i?eaeeaeaiey e caaa?oaieth ianuuaiiinoue eiioae-
oa /aua anaai ?aeiiaiaeoaony iiauneoue;

– aeaeaoaeueii ia aeiioneaoue aia/aoeaiey, /oi niaanaaeiee naeae-
ny eee caiaoii ionooiee io nianoaaiiuo iiceoeee.
AEaeay oaaaeeoue ia?oia?a a /ai-oi:

– noa?aeoanue auyaeoue o niaanaaeieea ana ioieou aioo?aiiaai
eieaaaiey eee aea oa, aaea ?acua?uaaaony ai?ueaa iioeaia, e eiai-
ii ia ieo neiioeaio?e?oeoa naia aicaeaenoaea;

– aicaeaenoaoeoa eeoue oaie a?aoiaioaie, eaeea /aeiaae nii-
niaai aini?eiyoue;

– ia ia?aie/eaaeoanue aieui i?eaaaeaieai oaeoia e aeiaiaeia,
a /aoei ?ane?uaaeoa aanue eo niune;

– nia/aea iiiuoaeoanue aeaoue ioaao ia a?aoiaiou aecaae, a iin-
ea oae auneacuaaeoa nianoaaiiua aeiaiaeu;

– ia eaii?e?oeoa i?ioeaiua ?aciiu, a caaiaey, i?aaeiieaaay
eo, i?iaeoiaeoa naie eiio?a?aoiaiou;

– anaaaea eiaeoa i?i caian iaeei oi?ioee a?aoiaio ia oio neo-
/ae, anee iauaeo a iiiaio i?eiyoey ?aoaiey aae?oa noaiao eiea-
aaoueny;

– iieacii i?eaeaaaoue ioaeaeueiui ooaa?aeaeaieyi oi?io iaeo-
?aeueiiai aii?ina (eiie ?ac ?eoi?e/aneiai, a oi e ia iaaeo- i,,–^
iuaaiea), oiaaea aao aecaae ia iuooeo noi?iiiaai aeaaeaiey |[229]

e naycaiiiai n iei aeoaeiiiai eiioaenoa e niiaeao aini?eiyoue
iiaeiaioth iiaea/o eae nianoaaiiia iiaiea;

– aicaea?aeeaaeoanue io aii?inia, ia eie niaanaaeiee iiaeao io-
aaoeoue (eiaaea noauaeo ioaee/ii niiauee i naiai iiaiee,
iii noaiiaeony aeiaieueii noieeei ei anai iineaaeothuei aoaeai

ia iaai);

– neeiiyy /aeiaaea ia naith noi?iio, niio?eoa aio iaaeaeo aeac
e i?aaenoaaeyeoa eiaiii oo ?aaeoeeth, eioi?oth au iaeeaeaaoa io ni”-
aanaaeieea;

– ia ionooiaeoa aei oao ii?, iiea ia?oia? iaiaeiie?aoii e io-
/aoeeai ia iiaoi?eo ?aoeoaeueiia ;

– ioneaaeeaaeoa iaaa?aaeueiua ?aaeoeee iauaeoa, iiaeno?aeaay
nianoaaiiia iiaaaeaiea e aai ineoe/aneiio ninoiyieth (oae, anee
aecaae caeioa?aniaaeny i?aaeeaaaaiie i?iaeaiie, ii auiao neaa-
?aoo eci ?oa eee neeiieo aieiao iaaie; oa?yy eioa?an e aanaaea, ii
noaiao ?ac?eniauaaoue aoiaao eeai caa?ineo iiao ia iiaeeieioiee
e?anea; a iiiaio i?eiyoey ?aoaiey ia?oia? iiaeaaeeaaao iiaeai-
?iaeie, a ieacaaoenue a cao?oaeiaiee e iaoaa?aiiinoe – ii/anuaa-
ao ooi, uaeo eee iin, a oaeaea iioe?aao aeaca).

A iaieioee?iaaiee oaeoaie eniieuecotho oaeea niiniau,
eae:

– caiaoeaaiea eeaaaou ia i?aaaea;

– iiaeniauaaiea eiaeiiai oaeoa eee iaiaea e niiauaieth i ?a-
aeueiuo niauoeyo;

– ioaea/aiea aieiaiey (ea?ith ia yiioeeyo eee iiai/iie oae-
oo?ie) io aaaeiuo aeaiiuo;

– iiaeiaia oaeoia yiioeeyie;

‘- auno?aeaaiea eiaeiuo auaiaeia ec aa?iuo oaeoia;

– eiaeiua iaiauaiey (iauea auaiaeu ia /anoiii oaeoa);

– i?aiaa?aaeaiea a?aiaiiuie e eiae/aneeie naycyie iaae-
aeo oaeoaie;

– eniieueciaaiea iiiaicia/iuo neia;

– eiaeiua nnueee ia aaoi?eoaou;

– ea?a ia annioeeaoeeyo ();

– ea?a ia naiiethaee ().
*oiau ?annayoue ?aoeiinoue iauaeoa e iiiaoaoue aio i?eiyoue
iaaeaeaoaeueiia aeey aan ?aoaiea, eniieuecotho iaoaeoe/iua i?e-
aiu, oaeea eae:

-iiacaeuaaiea ia ano?a/o;

– ianiaoee, inei?aeaiey, iaaeiaiey;

– aeaiiino?aoeaiia i?aiaa?aaeaiea;

– niiauaiea /aai-oi iai?eyoiiai;

;-?acua?uaaiea ;

-aeaaeaiea ;

– ioaeiieaiea iaii?ii;

– onoaiiaeaiea ia?aaeueiuo n?ieia;

– caoyaeaaiea ia?aaiai?ia.

Eiaaea ii iica /aeiaaea aai noaiao niaa?oaiii ynii, /oi ii ia-
ia?aaaaony ieii/eoue ?acaiai?, aa?eoa eieoeeaoeao a naie ?oee e
ia?aui i?aaeeiaeeoa caaa?oeoue eiioaeo, iineieueeo yoi iicaieyao
nio?aieoue ineoieiae/aneia i?aeiouanoai e aao eiio?ieue
iaae neooaoeeae.

Ethaee, eae i?aaeei, auneacuaatho iaeii, a aeoiatho nianai ae?o-
aia, iiyoiio i/aiue aaaeii iiieiaoue eo enoeiiia ninoiyiea.

I?e ia?aaea/a eioi?iaoeee eeoue 7% io iaa niiauaaony iin?aae-
noaii neia (aa?aaeueii), i?ioeaioia 30 au?aaeaaony cao/aieai ai-
eina (oiiaeueiinoyie, eioiiaoeeae) e aieaa 60% eaeao ii i?i/ei
iaaa?aaeueiui (acaeyae, aeanou, ieieea) eaiaeai.
;,, Aeey i?aaeeueiiai iiieiaiey aiai?yuaai ioeaieaaoue i?iecii-
neiia aeaeaoaeueii a ia?ac?uaiie nayce neia, ?a/e, iaioiieieee
e ae?oaeo iauaiey, aeiaiaey naia aini?eyoea aei
iaeioi?ie caaa?oaiiinoe.

Eniuouaaaiua a aeooa yiioeee ethaee iau/ii au?aaeatho:

– eiiaaioeeaeueii (noaiaea?oii i?eiyoui a aeaiiie n?aaea iaua-
iey niiniaii);

– niiioaiii (iai?iecaieueii).

Eiaaea ia?oia? no?aieony ia auaeaoue oi, eae ii ioiineony e ni-
iauaaiiio, ana iiaeao ia?aie/eoueny i?inoui eiiaaioeeaeueiui
iaaa?aaeueiui iaiaeii, auaathuei eiie ?ac enoeiiui, ii /aua
aeaci?eaioe?othuei.

Ethaee ia?aaeei acaaoeaatho naie neiaa e eiio?iee?otho ieie-
eo, iaeiaei /aeiaae niiniaai neaaeeoue iaeiia?aiaiii ia aieaa /ai
ca aeaoiy-o?aiy ec anao ?iaeaeaaiuo aioo?e ?aaeoeee. Aeaaiaea?y oa-
eie i?e iaee/ee o aan niioaaonoaothueo
ciaiee e iiuoa eiaaony aiciiaeiinoue auyaeyoue oa /oanoaa e no?ai-
eaiey, eioi?ua iauaeo i?aaeii/ae au ooaeoue.

Iai?iecaieueii aicieeathuea o ethaeae ?aaeoeee noaoai eiaee-
aeaeoaeueiu e oi?ioi /eoathony eeoue i?e ioiaiiii ciaiee ia?o-
ia?a.

Iaiiieiaiea naai iiiaioa niiniaii i?eaanoe e oaoaeueiiio
naiiiaiaio a iiciaiee ae?oaiai /aeiaaea.

Ioeaieaay ia?niiaeueioth yeni?anneth, a o/ao aa?oo ia oieueei
a?iaeaeaiiua ?acee/ey, ii e aeeyiea o?aaeeoeee, ainieoaiey, n?a-
aeu e iauae aeeciaiiie eoeueoo?u.

Iniciaaaoue aeaeaoaeueii eae oiiiaia ninoiyiea (iano?iaiea)
eiaeeaeaea, oae e aai ?aaeoeeth ia iaeee iiyaeythueeny noeioe (cii-
aeaae, iinooiie, neooaoeeth).

Cia/eoaeueii io/aoeeaaa, /ai o ioae/ei, i?iniao?eaathony ia-
ee/anoaothuea yiioeee o aeaiuei, eioi?ua iau/ii (oioy e ia ana-
aaea) eaaei /eoaaiu.

Oniaoiinoue a nie?uoee naieo /oanoa caaeneo io iaoo?u /aei-
aaea (oiea?eeo yoi o?oaeiaa, /ai oeaaiaoeeo), niioonoaothueo ia-
noiyoaeuenoa (cao?aaeaaaiinoe, iaiaeeaeaiiinoe) e iiuoa aini?e-
ieiathuaai.

I?e noeioee?iaaiee ee/iuo /oanoa aeey aieueoae oaaaeeoaeue-
iinoe ana yeni?anneaiua n?aaenoaa iau/ii i?eiaiytho a ecauoea.
Ia caauaaeoa yoio oaeo, ioeaieaay ene?aiiinoue ae?oaeo ethaeae e
i?iaoy ecia?aaeaoue naie ia?aaeeaaiey.

Yiioeeyie /aeiaaea iiaaeaaaao i?aaia ec iieooa?ee iicaa, a
eiaeeie e ?a/ueth – eaaia. Aaeiaaaie eaaeaeia ec yoeo iieooa?ee
eii?aeeie?oao naith anaaaea ?aciieiaiioth noi?iio oaea. Iiyoiio
ana oi, /oi /aeiaae noa?aaony i?iaeaiiino?e?iaaoue ae?oaei, ioia?a-
aeaaony ia i?aaie iieiaeia aai oaea, a oi, /oi ii a ?aaeueii- e–^
noe ia?aaeeaaao, – ia eaaie. II231J

Ia?aaeeaaiey, aicieeathuea a aeooa eaeiai-eeai /aeiaaea,
aunaa/eaathony a aai iaeeea e aeaeaeaieyo aiieia ii?aaeaeaiiui
ia?acii.

Iiae aeaenoaeai eniuouaaaiuo eiaeeaeaeii /oanoa ?iaeaeathony
neii?aeeie?iaaiiua nie?auaiey e ?anneaaeaiey ?acee/iuo ee-
oeaauo no?oeoo?, eioi?ua ii?aaeaeytho au?aaeaiea eeoea, i?ae?an-
ii io?aaeathuaa ia?aaeeaaaiua yiioeee. Iineieueeo ninoiyieai ee-
oeaauo iuooe ianeiaeii iao/eoueny oi?aaeyoue, ioia?aaeaiea yii-
oeee ia eeoea ia?aaeei i?iaotho ianee?iaaoue, a oi e eieoe?iaaoue.

Ia ene?aiiinoe /aeiaa/aneie yiioeee iau/ii aiai?eo neiiao-
?ey a ioia?aaeaiee /oanoaa ia eeoea, oiaaea eae /ai neeueiaa oaeueoue,
oai aieaa ?aciyony ieieeie aai i?aaay e eaaay iieiaeiu.

Aeaaea eaaei ?aniiciaaaaiay ieieea eiie ?ac i/aiue e?aoeia-
?aiaiia (aeiee naeoiaeu) e ca/anooth inoaaony iacaia/aiiie; /oi-
au noiaoue ia?aoaaoeoue aa, ioaeia ii?yaei/iay i?aeoeea eee nia-
oeeaeueiay o?aie?iaea. I?e yoii iieiaeeoaeueiua yiioeee (?aaeinoue,
oaeiaieuenoaea) ociathony eaa/a, /ai io?eoeaoaeueiua (ia/aeue, nouae,
ioa?auaiea).

Iniaie yiioeeiiaeueiie au?aceoaeueiinoueth ioee/athony aoau /a-
eiaaea, /eoaoue eioi?ua nianai ianeiaeii (oneeaiiay ieieea ?oa
eee caeonuaaiea aoa, e i?eia?o, naeaeaoaeuenoaotho i aaniieienoaa,
io a ne?eaeaiiue a iaeio noi?iio ?io – i neainena eee ianiaoea).

Oeuaea ia eeoea, eae i?aaeei, aueacuaaao ae?oaeaethaea eee
iio?aaiinoue a iaeia?aiee. Oeuaea aeey ioae/eiu – yoi oi?ioay
aiciiaeiinoue iieacaoue, /oi ii ai anyeie neooaoeee aeaaeaao niaie.
Oeuaea aeaiueiu cia/eoaeueii i?aaaeeaaa e /aua niioaaonoaoao
aa oaeoe/aneiio iano?iaieth. Oae eae oeuaee nieioue e ?yaeii ioi-
a?aaeatho ?aciua iioeau, aeaeaoaeueii ia neeoeii iieaaaoueny ia
eo noaiaea?oiia enoieeiaaiea:

– /?acia?iay oeua/eainoue – iio?aaiinoue a iaeia?aiee;

– e?eaay oeuaea – ciae eiio?iee?oaiie ia?aiciinoe;

– oeuaea i?e i?eiiaeiyouo a?iayo – aioiaiinoue iiae/e-
ieoueny;

– oeuaea i?e iiouaiiuo a?iayo – aueacuaaiea i?aainoiae-
noaa;

– oeuaea aac iiaeuaia ieaeieo aae – iaene?aiiinoue;

– oeuaea n iinoiyiiui ?anoe?aieai aeac aac eo cae?uaa-
iey – oa?ica.

– Oeie/iua au?aaeaiey eeoea, niiauathuea ia eniuouaaaiuo
yiioeeyo, oaeiau:

-?aaeinoue: aoau ene?eaeaiu e eo oaieee iooyioou iacaae,
aie?oa aeac ia?aciaaeenue iaeeea ii?ueiee;

– eioa?an: a?iae iaiiiai i?eiiaeiyou eee iiouaiu, oiaaea
eae aaee neaaea ?anoe?aiu eee noaeaiu;

– n/anouea: aiaoiea oaieee aoa i?eiiaeiyou e iau/ii ioaa-
aeaiu iacaae, aeaca niieieiua;

– oaeeaeaiea: iiaeiyoua a?iae ia?acotho ii?ueiu ia eao, aea-
ca i?e yoii ?anoe?aiu, a i?eioe?uoue ?io eiaao ie?oaeaiioth
oi?io;

– ioa?auaiea: a?iae iiouaiu, iin nii?uai, ieaeiyy aoaa au-
^–,,s iy/aia eee i?eiiaeiyoa e niieiooa n aa?oiae aoaie, aeaca
IJ232JJ eae au einyo; /aeiaae neiaii iiaeaaeeny eee nieaauaaao;

– i?ac?aiea: a?iaue i?eiiaeiyoa, eeoei auoyiooi, aieiaa aic-
auoaia, neiaii /aeiaae niio?eo ia eiai-oi naa?oo aiec; ii eae-
au iono?aiyaony io niaanaaeieea;

– no?ao: a?iae iaiiiai iiaeiyou, ii eiatho i?yioth oi?io,
eo aioo?aiiea oaeu naeaeioou e /a?ac eia i?ioiaeyo ai?eciioaeue-
iua ii?ueiu, aeaca ?anoe?aiu, i?e/ai ieaeiaa aaei iai?yaea-
ii, a aa?oiaa neaaea i?eiiaeiyoi, ?io iiaeao auoue ioe?uo, a oaie-
ee aai iooyioou iacaae, iaoyaeaay e ?ani?yieyy aoau iaae coaaie
(iineaaeiaa eae ?ac e aiai?eo ia eioaineaiinoe yiioeee); eiaaea a
iaee/ee eeoue oiiiyiooia iieiaeaiea a?iaae, oi yoi – eiio?i-
ee?oaiue no?ao;

– aiaa: iuooeu eaa naeaeioou aiaioo?ue e aiec, i?aaiecoy oa-
?iaeathuaa eee iaoio?aiiia au?aaeaiea aeac, iicae?e ?anoe?aiu
e e?ueuey iina i?eiiaeiyou, aoau eeai ieioii naeaou, eeai iooy-
ioou iacaae, i?eieiay i?yiioaieueioth oi?io e iaiaaeay noenio-
oua coau, eeoei /anoi e?aniaao;

– noua: aieiaa iiouaia, eeoei ioaa?iooi, acaeyae ioaaaeai, aea-
ca ono?aieaiu aiec eee ec noi?iiu a noi?iio, aaee i?e-
e?uou, a eiiaaea e niieioou; eeoei aeiaieueii iie?aniaaoaa, ioeuen
o/auaiiue, aeuoaiea n ia?aaiyie;

– nei?aue: a?iae naaaeaiu, aeaca ooneeu, a aiaoiea oaeu aoa
eiie ?ac ianeieueei iiouaiu.

Ciaoue au?aaeaiey eeoea i?e ?acee/iuo yiioeeyo iieacii ia
oieueei aeey oiai, /oiau iiieiaoue ae?oaeo, ii e aeey ouaoaeueiae-
oae io?aaioee (iau/ii ia?aae ca?eaeii) naieo ?aai/eo eieoaoeee.

Ioe?iaaiii aiai?yo i aioo?aiieo ia?aaeeaaieyo /aeiaaea aai
aeaca, iaaea?ii iiuoiua iuoathony ne?uaaoue eo au?a-
aeaiea ca noaeeaie oaiiuo i/eia.

Ethaeae iau/ii auaeatho:

– eaeea-eeai eciaiaiey a iau/iii au?aaeaiee aeac – aic-
ieeiiaaiea iaeie yiioeee, neaiae ?aaae?iaaiey ia noeioe;

– iai?iecaieueiua aeaeaeaiey aeac (caiaoii ) – o?aaiaa, nouae, iaiai, no?ao, iaa?anoaiey;

– aeanoyuee acaeyae – ai?y/ea, aicaoaeaeaiea;

– inoaeeaiaeue acaeyae – /?acau/aeiay neaainoue;

– oaaee/aiea c?a/eia – iuouaiea eioa?ana e iieo/aiea oaei-
aieuenoaey io eioi?iaoeee, iauaiey, oioia?aoee, ia?oia?a,
ieue, iocuee e i?i/eo aiaoieo oaeoi?ia, i?eiyoea /aai-eeai,
ii oaeaea e neeueiia no?aaeaiea; oiio?aaeaiea iaeioi?uo eaea?noa
e ia?eioeeia (ia?eooaiu, eieaeia…);

– noaeaiea c?a/eia – iaeaouaaiea ?acae?aaeaiey, ceiau, ia-
iaaenoe e noiaeiuo io?eoeaoaeueiuo yiioeee, iai?eiyoea /aai-eeai;

aeaenoaea ii?aaeaeaiiuo ia?eioeeia (ii?oey, aa?ieia…);

– noiao?iua aeaeaeaiey c?a/eia – ciae iiueyiaiey (/ai aieue-
oa oaeiauo aeaeaeaiee, oai /aeiaae iueyiaa);

– oneeaiiia ii?aaiea – aicaoaeaeaiea, iaiai.
Ethaee anaaaea i?aaeii/eoatho niio?aoue ia oao, eai iie yaii ain-
oeuathony, eee ia oao, n eai o ieo aeeceea acaeiiioiioaiey, –

n aeeceiai ?annoiyiey; aeaiueiu i?e yoii i?iyaeytho aieueoee

aecoaeueiue eioa?an, /ai ioae/eiu.

A oiaea iauaiey /aua anaai niio?yo ia?oia?o a aeaca,

eiaaea neooatho, a ia eiaaea aiai?yo, oioy, inouanoaeyy

aiooaiea, eiie ?ac i?eiaiytho i?yiie acaeyae a aeaca a iiiaio
i?iecianaiey aeeaeiaa.

Noauaeo, eioi?ue niio?eo aai a aeaca caiaoii iaiueoa iaeiie
o?aoe anaai ia?eiaea iauaiey/eeai ia/anoai, eeai iuoaaony
ne?uoue /oi-oi; oio aea, eoi iane?uaaaii oii?ii aaeyaeuaaaony a
aeaca, eniuouaaao e aai iiauoaiiue eioa?an (c?a/ee ?anoe?a-
iu), aueacuaaao ioe?iaaiioth a?aaeaeaaiinoue (c?a/ee noaeaiu) eee
no?aieony aeiieie?iaaoue.

Iiaeeoeeaoeee eiioaeoia aeac e iatho neaaeothuoth ?anoeo-
?iaeo:

– * ionoonoaothuee> acaeyae – nin?aaeioi/aiiia ?aciuoeaiea;

– ia?aaaaeaiea acaeyaea ia ie?oaeathuea i?aaeiaou e a iioi-
eie – iaaeaiea eioa?ana e aanaaea, eceeoia aeeeiiue iiiieia ia?o-
ia?a;

– ianoie/eaue e i?enoaeueiue acaeyae a aeaca (c?a/ee noaea-
iu) – i?eciae a?aaeaeaaiinoe e yaiiai aeaeaiey aeiieie?iaaoue;

– ianoie/eaue e i?enoaeueiue acaeyae a aeaca (c?a/ee ?anoe-
?aiu) – ciae naenoaeueiie caeioa?aniaaiiinoe;

– ioaiae e iioneaiea acaeyaea – nouae, iaiai;

– acaeyae naieo – iaaeiaa?ea;

– acaeyae oi ioaiaeeony, oi aica?auaaony iacaae – ionoonoaea
niaeaney, iaaeiaa?ea.

Cia/eoaeueioth eioi?iaoeeth i aioo?aiiai iano?ia /aeiaaea
aeaao noaoe/aneia iieiaeaiea aai oaea. I?e yoii /anoi iiaoi?ya-
iay iica niiauaao ia onoie/eauo iniaaiiinoyo ee/iinoe.

Iineieueeo a ia?aiaaeao /oanoa ethaee iau/ii eo/oa eiio?iee-
?otho naia eeoei, /ai oaei, ia?aaeei aiana ia ieieea, a iica niinia-
ia ?anneacaoue ia enoeiiuo ia?aaeeaaieyo eiaeeaeaea.

Aiciiaeiua i?eaycee iieiaeaiee oaea e ineoe/aneiio ninoi-
yieth /aeiaaea oaeiau:

– ?oee caeiaeaiu ca nieio, aieiaa auniei iiaeiyoa, iiaeai?i-
aeie aunoaaeai – /oanoai oaa?aiiinoe a naaa e i?aainoiaenoaa iaae
ae?oaeie;

– ei?ion iiaeai aia?aae, ?oee (iiaeai/aiynue) ia aaae?ao – oaa-
?aiiinoue a naieo neeao e aioiaiinoue e aeoeaiui aeaenoaeyi, aa-
?anneaiinoue, acaei/aiiinoue i?e ?acaiai?a, no?aieaiea ionoaeaaoue
naith iiceoeeth aei eiioea;

– noiyiea, iie?aynue ?oeaie i noie eee nooe – iuouaiea ia-
iieiiou eiioaeoa n ia?oia?ii;

– ?oee n ?annoaaeaiiuie eieoyie caaaaeaiu ca aieiao – inic-
iaiea i?aainoiaenoaa iaae ae?oaeie;

– caeeaaeuaaiea aieueoeo iaeueoeaa ?oe ca iiyn eee a i?i?ace
ea?iaiia;

– – ciae aa?anneaiinoe e aeaiiino?e?oaiie oaa?aiiinoe a naaa;

– auniauaaiea aieueoeo iaeueoeaa ?oe ec ea?iaiia – ciae i?a-
ainoiaenoaa;

– ne?auaiiua eiia/iinoe – neaioe/aneay caueoiay onoa-
iiaea;

– iane?auaiiua eiia/iinoe e ?annoaaiooue ieaeaeae – onoa-
iiaea aeiaa?ey;

>,–e, – iaeeii aieiau a noi?iio – i?iaoaeaeaiea eioa?ana;

[1234JJ – iaeeii aieiau aiec – io?eoeaoaeueiia ioiioaiea;

– eaaeee ioeeii aieiau iacaae – ciae aa?anneaiinoe;

– neaeaiea ia eii/eea nooea – aioiaiinoue anei/eoue a ethaie
iiiaio, /oiau: eeai oeoe, eeai aeaenoaiaaoue a nicaeaaoaeny neooa-
oeee, eeai oiyoue neiieaoaany aicaoaeaeaiea, eeai i?eaea/ue e naaa
aieiaiea e iiaeeeth/eoueny e ?acaiai?o;

– caeeaeuaaiea iiae ia iiao ni ne?aueaaieai ?oe ia a?oaee –
ciae io ?acaiai?a;

– caa?anuaaiea iiae ia iiaeeieioiee e?anea (neaey ia iai) –
i?aiaa?aaeaiea e ie?oaeathuei, iioa?y eioa?ana e ?acaiai?o;

– ne?auaiiua eiaeuaeee o neaeyuaai – naea?aeeaaiea iaiaeia-
?eoaeueiiai ioiioaiey, no?ao eee acaieiiaaiiinoue, iiiuoea na-
iieiio?iey, iaaaoeaiia caueoiia ninoiyiea;

– iieiaeaiea (neaey eee noiy) n iiaaie, i?eaioe?iaaiiuie ia
auoiae, – yaiia aeaeaiea i?ae?aoeoue ?acaiai? e oeoe;

– /anoay ia?aiaia iic, a?caiuea ia nooea, noaoeeainoue – aioo-
?aiiaa aaniieienoai, iai?yaeaiiinoue;

– anoaaaiea – neaiae i oii, /oi iaeia ?aoaiea i?eiyoi, aa-
naaea iaaeiaea, /oi-oi oaeeaeei eee oiee?iaaei;

– noeaieaiiinoue iaeueoeaa ?oe – ?aci/a?iaaiea e aeaeaiea
ne?uoue io?eoeaoaeueiia ioiioaiea (/ai auoa ?aniieiaeaiu i?e
yoii ?oee, oai neeueiaa iaaaoea);

– eenoe ?oe niaaeeiaiu eii/eeaie iaeueoeaa, ii eaaeiie ia ni-
i?eeanathony – ciae i?aainoiaenoaa e oaa?aiiinoe a naaa e a naieo
neiaao;

– ?oee iie?athony eieoyie i noie, a eo eenoe ?aniieiaeaiu
ia?aae ?oii – ne?uaaiea naieo enoeiiuo iaia?aiee, ea?a n ia?o-
ia?ii a eioee-iuoee;

– iiaeaea?aeeaaiea aieiau eaaeiiueth – neoea;

– iaeueoeu, naeaoua a eoeae, ?aniieiaeaiu iiae uaeie, ii ia
neoaeao aeey iii?u aieiau – i?eciae caeioa?aniaaiiinoe;

– iiaeie?aiea aieueoei iaeueoeai iiaeai?iaeea – ciae iaeiae
e?eoe/aneie ioeaiee;

– iaoaaouaaiea naiaai aieaea aeaoiy ?oeaie – caianee?iaai-
iay ia?aiciinoue;

– auioneaiea aeuia io neaa?aou aaa?o – iieiaeeoaeueiue ia-
no?ie, oaa?aiiinoue a naaa;

– auioneaiea aeuia io neaa?aou aiec – iaaaoeaiue iano?ie,
ni ne?uouie eee iiaeic?eoaeueiuie iuneyie.

. Ii niiaua-
ao i aeaeaiee /aeiaaea e i oii, /oi oio a yoio iiiaio eniuouaaao,
a i?eau/iue aeey eiai-oi aeano naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i /a?oa aai oa?ae-
oa?a.

Aiaoia iaeeiaeiaua aeanou o ?acee/iuo ethaeae iiaoo icia/aoue
niaa?oaiii iaiioiaeea aaue, ii nouanoaotho e oiaeaeanoaaiiua ii-
iaiou:

– aeoeaiay aeanoeeoeyoeey – /anoue eiiiiiaio iieiaeeoaeue-
iuo yiioeee, iiieiaaiue ae?oaeie eae aueacuaaiea ae?oaeaeth-
aey e caeioa?aniaaiiinoe;

– /?acia?iay aeanoeeoeyoeey – i?eciae aaniieienoaa eee ia-
oaa?aiiinoe.

I?e ii?aaeaeaiee iuneae e yiioeee eiaeeaeaea neaaeoao
ioia/aoue eeoue iai?iecaieueioth aeanoeeoeyoeeth:

– aeaiiino?aoeey ioe?uouo eaaeiiae – iieacaoaeue ioe?iaai-
iinoe;

– naeaoea eoeaeia – aioo?aiiaa aicaoaeaeaiea, aa?anneaiinoue
(/ai neeueiaa naeeiathony iaeueoeu, oai neeueiaa naia yiioeey);

– i?ee?uaaiea ?oa ?oeie (eee aieaeii a ?oea) a iiiaio ?a/e –
oaeeaeaiea, iaoaa?aiiinoue a i?ieciineiii, eiaeue, aeiaa?eoaeueiia ni-
iauaiea, i?ioanneiiaeueiay iiaeno?aoiaea io /oaiey ii aoaai;

– i?eeiniiaaiey e iino eee eaaeea ii/anuaaiey aai – ia-
oaa?aiiinoue a niiauaaiii (eae niaie, oae e ia?oia?ii), eiaeue,
iiene a oiaea aeeneonnee iiaiai eiio?a?aoiaioa;

– iioe?aiea iaeueoeai aaea – eiaeue, ii eiie ?ac – iuouaiea
iiaeic?eoaeueiinoe e eaee ni noi?iiu ia?oia?a;

– iioe?aiea e ii/anuaaiea ?acee/iuo o?aaiaioia aieiau
(eaa, uae, caoueea, ooa…) – icaai/aiiinoue, niouaiea, iaoaa?ai-
iinoue;

– iiaeaaeeaaiea iiaeai?iaeea – iiiaio i?eiyoey ?aoaiey;

– noaoeeainoue ?oe (oa?aaeaiea /aai-eeai, ne?o/eaaiea e ?an-
e?o/eaaiea aaoi?o/ee, o?iaaiuea /anoae iaeaaeaeu…) – ianoi?iaeai-
iinoue, ia?aiciinoue, niouaiea;

– iiueiuaaiea eaaeiie – aioiaiinoue e aa?annee;

– iieonuaaiea iiaoae – aioo?aiiaa aaniieienoai;

– anaaiciiaeiua aeaeaeaiey ?oee iiia?ae oaea (iii?aaeoue
/anu, i?eeiniooueny e caiiiea, iiea?aoue ioaiaeoeae ia iaiaea-
oa…) – ianee?oaiay ia?aiciinoue;

– niae?aiea * ai?neiie> n iaeaaeaeu – aeano iaiaeia?aiey;

– iooyaeaaiea io oae yaii iaoathuaai ai?ioie/ea – /aei-
aae iiaeic?aaaao, /oi ae?oaea ?aniiciaee aai iaiai, iaoaaoea aic-
aeooa i?e aiaaa;

– i?ioe?aiea noaeie i/eia eeai iiiauaiea aeoaeee eo ii?a-
au a ?io – iaoca aeey iaaeoiuaaiey, i?inueaa iiaeiaeaeaoue;

– niyoea i/eia e a?inaiea eo ia noie – /?acia?ii ino?ue ?ac-
aiai?, o?oaeiay e iai?eyoiay oaia;

– aaoaiea eee ioeeaaeuaaiea neaa?aou – ia?eiae iaeneiaeue-
iiai iai?yaeaiey;

– neeoeii /anoia naeaaiea iaiea n neaa?aou – oyainoiia
aioo?aiiaa ninoiyiea, ia?aiciinoue;

– iaeeii aieiau iaaie – i?iaoaeaeaiea eioa?ana;

– auno?ue iaeeii eee iiai?io aieiau a noi?iio – aeaeaiea
auneacaoueny;

– iinoiyiiia ioa?anuaaiea yeiau aiein ni
eaa – aaniieienoai;

– yaiia no?aieaiea iia?aoueny ia /oi-eeai eee i?eneiieoueny
e /aio-eeai – iuouaiea neiaeiinoe e iai?eyoiinoe iiiaioa, ia-
?acoiaiea oiai, eae aue?ooeoueny ec nicaeaaoaainy iieiaeaiey (any-
eay iii?a iiauoaao oaa?aiiinoue a naaa).

Aiein aeiaieueii oi/ii niiauaao ie?oaeathuei i oaeouai ni-
noiyiee /aeiaaea (i aai ia?aaeeaaieyo, ioiioaiee e oaeoai, na-
ii/oanoaee, a ia?aaeei – e i oaiia?aiaioa, i /a?oao oa?aeoa?a).

Oeiaeoue yiioeee iauaeoa (aiaa e ia/aeue – eaa/a, ?aaiinoue e
ia?aiciinoue – neiaeiaa) iicaieyao oii aai aieina.

‘.–.S A ninoiyiee o?aaiae eee ia?aiiai iai?yaeaiey o ia?oia-
[236]] pa ianeieueei iaiyaony e aieiniaie oaia?, yoio oaeo iaoae

aeinoieiia i?eiaiaiea a aaneiioaeoiuo (o. a. anaoeaei iacaiaoiuo
aeey niaanaaeieea) ia?acoeao .

?anoeo?iauaay niiauaiea, ia?auaeoa aieiaiea eae ia neeo,
oae e ia aunioo aieina:

– yaii aunieee – yiooceaci, ?aaeinoue, iaaeiaa?ea;

-aunieee, a oe?ieii aeeaiaciia neeu, oiiaeueiinoe e auni-
ou – aiaa e no?ao;

– /?acia?ii aunieee, i?iiceoaeueiue – aaniieienoai;

– iyaeee e i?eaeooaiiue, n iiieaeaieai eioiiaoeee e eii-
oeo eaaeaeie o?acu – ai?a, ia/aeue, onoaeinoue;

– oi?ne?iaaiea caoea – iai?yaeaiea, iaiai.
Cia/eoaeueii eioi?iaoeaiu iaaa?aaeueiua caoee:

– naeno (yaii ia ooaeiaeanoaaiiue) – iaoaa?aiiinoue eee iia-
naiea;

– ianiioaaonoaothuee iiiaioo oioio – iai?yaeaiea;

– iaiaeeaeaiiua niaciu aieina – iai?yaeaiea;

– iinoiyiiia iieaoeeaaiea – eaeeainoue, iaoaa?aiiinoue a
naaa, iaaniieiaiiinoue.

Aieaa anaai i aioo?aiiai ineoiyiioeeiiaeueiii ninoiyiee /a-
eiaaea iiaeao niiaueoue aiaeec aai nayciie ?a/e: eae a iae ?an-
noaaeaiu eiae/aneea oaea?aiey, eae auno?i i?ieciinyony neiaa,
eae eiino?oe?othony o?acu, eaeea eiathony ioeeiiaiey io ii?iu
(iaoaa?aiiue eee iaaa?iue iiaeai? neia, ia?uaaiea o?ac ia ii-
eoneiaa, eciaiaiea neia, iiyaeaiea neia-ia?aceoia, en/aciiaa-
iea iaoc). I?e yoii:

– auno?ay ?a/ue – i/aaeaeiay acaieiiaaiiinoue eee iaaniiei-
aiiinoue /ai-oi, no?anoiia aeaeaiea oaaaeeoue eee oaiai?eoue eiai-
oi, ?acaiai? i ee/iuo o?oaeiinoyo;

– iaaeeaiiay ?a/ue – aunieiia?ea, onoaeinoue, oaiaoaiiia ni-
noiyiea, ai?a;

– i?a?uaenoay ?a/ue – iaoaa?aiiinoue;

-iiyaeaiea iniaie ?a/e – aicaoaeaeaiea;

– eaeiie/iinoue e ?aoeoaeueiinoue ?a/e – yaiay oaa?aiiinoue;

– caeeaiea – iai?yaeaiiinoue eee iaiai;

– ia?aoeoaeueiinoue a iiaeai?a neia – iaoaa?aiiinoue a naaa eee
iaia?aiea aiacaiii oaeeaeoue /ai-oi;

– iiyaeaiea ?a/aauo iaaeinoaoeia (iiaoi?aiea eee eneaaea-
iea neia, ia?uaaiea o?ac ia iieoneiaa) – ianiiiaiiia aieiaiea,
ii eiie ?ac e aeaeaiea iaiaiooue;

– iioneaiea ?a/aauo iaoc – iai?yaeaiea;

– neeoeii oaeeeiaiiua iaocu – iacaeioa?aniaaiiinoue eee
ianiaeanea;

– iiyaeaiea a ?a/e iaoc, caiieiyaiuo neiaaie-ia?aceoaie
(, …, …) – ia?aoeoaeueiinoue e cao?oaeia-
iea a au?aaeaiee iunee, iiene auoiaea ec iieiaeaiey;

– aeeeieaaiea a i?ieciineiia neiai oiaiueoeoaeueii-eanea-
oaeueiuo noooeenia (…) – yiioeeiiaeueiia eee oece-
/aneia iai?yaeaiea;

– aic?anoaiea /enea o?eaeaeueiuo iaai?ia neia, i?iaiaa?e-
aaaiuo auno?aa, /ai iau/ii, – yiioeeiiaeueiia aicaoaeaeaiea, ia-
i?yaeaiea; ,e–^s

– oiieeaiea eee neoiinoue a neiaao – iaeaea; H.237JJ

– iinoiyiiia i?a?uaaiea ae?oaeo – iai?yaeaiea;

– ia?aoiae aioo?aiiae ?a/e ai aiaoithth ()-
/?acia?iia aieiaiea.

Yoe ?aaeoeee iau/ii ieioi iiaeaeathony eiio?ieth (oioy ?acee/-
iuie i?eaiaie iuoathony eo ianee?iaaoue) e iioiio aanueia ei-
oi?iaoeaiu. Ioaeaeueiua ec ieo auyaeytho i?e aiia?aoiie aeeaa-
iinoeea iaiaia, inouanoaeyaiie i?eai?aie, ecaanoiuie iiae
iaiauathuei iacaaieai (a oaeaea ),

Noaiaea?oiia i?i/oaiea yoeo ?aaeoeee oaeiai:

– iie?aniaiea eeoea (eiie ?ac iyoiaie) – nouae, aiaa;

– iiaaeaiea eeoea – no?ao, i?eciae aeiiaiinoe;

– ?anoe?aiea c?a/eia – eioa?an, oaeiaieuenoaea, niaeanea,
neeueiay aieue;

– noaeaiea c?a/eia – iaoaeiaieuenoaea, ioaa?aaiea;

– oneeaiiua aeaiey ioeuena ia aaiao ?oe eee a?oa?eyo oae
(iiaeaea?aeaaiea aaenooea ia oaa ec-ca aeoeaiiai na?aeoeaaeaiey…) –
o?aaiaa, no?ao, nouae, iaiai;

– nieaeaiea /anoiou ioeuena – iiauoaiiia aieiaiea;

– auno?ia eee iiaa?oiinoiia aeuoaiea – aioo?aiiaa iai?y-
aeaiea;

– ei?ioeia aeuoaiea /a?ac iin – ceinoue;

– ia?ooaiiinoue aeuoaiey, niaciaoe/aneea aeaeaeaiey ai?ea e
?aoeaeoi?iua naeaouaaiey nethiu – o?aaiaa, nouae, iaiai;

– ia?anuoaiea ?oa (naeaouaaiey, iaeecuaaiea aoa, aeaaeaea) –
no?ao, iaiai;

-aiacaiiia iaiaaeaiea coaia – i?eciae y?inoe, aa?annea-
iaaoue;

‘ – enia?eia, iio – aiaa, niouaiea, ia?aiciinoue, iaiai;

— ae?iaeue (a iaeueoeao ?oe e iia, iuooeao eeoea) – aioo?aiiaa
iai?yaeaiea, no?ao, iaiai; ^

– /anoia ii?aaiea – aicaoaeaeaiea, iaiai;

– o?/aiea a aeeaioa – no?ao (ia anaaaea, ?acoiaaony);

: – ne?ei coaaie – neeueiaeoay ia?aiciinoue, no?ann, ionoo-
noaea aiciiaeiinoe inouanoaeoue caaeoiaiiia.

Iiaeiaiua ?aaeoeee iau/ii i?iua iaia?oaeeoue o ioae/ei, ia-
aeaee o aeaiuei, eioi?ua e oiio aea eo/oa ioio?ytho e aeaoaeoi?
eaee.

I?aaenoaaeaiiay caeanue i?eaycea ioneaaeeaaaiuo aiaoieo i?i-
yaeaiee e oiio, /oi eiaeeaeae oaeoe/anee ia?aaeeaaao, iaiieia e
ia nianai iaaeaaeia, iineieueeo eaaeaeue /aeiaae oioue /ooi/eo, aea
oieeaeai.

– Iniciaiea naiae neeu. (oaa?aiiinoue a naaa). Noaaeeueiay i?y-
iay iica, aeiiieiaiiay aunoaaeaiiui iiaeai?iaeeii, ?oee i?e yoii
iiaoo: noeaieyoueny ca nieiie, ?aniieaaaoueny ia aaae?ao (), caniauaaoueny a ea?iaiu i?e inoaaeaiee aieueoeo iaeue-
oeaa nia?oaee, aeoeaii aeaiiino?e?iaaoue oueu eenoae, a oi a?aiy
eae aieueoea iaeueoeu iiiauathony ca iiyn… nooea
eee iaa?aaeiia caa?anuaaiea iaeiie iiae ia iiaeeieioiee e?anea…
?oee ii?ie caeeaaeuaathony ca aieiao eeai niaaeeiythony eiioeaie
iaeueoeaa i?e ?acaaaeaiee eaaeiiae… Aeaca iiae/an ii/oe i?ee?uou
‘.–kS aaeaie, oae /oi niio?aoue i?eoiaeeony i?e cai?ieeiooie
[238 JJ iacaae aieiaa… Oeuaean i?eniouaiiuie a?iayie… ?aoe-

oaeueiinoue e eaeiie/iinoue ?a/e… Neoiinoue a ia?aaea/a aeaeiaie ei-
oi?iaoeee e ?anoi/eoaeuenoai oaeoo?ie i?e onoaiaaeeaaiee eii-
oaeoa… Iiauoaiiay caeioa?aniaaiiinoue i?iaeaiaie, oeaeyie e
iaycaiiinoyie ae?oaeo… Niieienoaea.

– Iniciaiea naiae neaainoe (ionoonoaea oaa?aiiinoe a naaa).
*?acia?iay aeanoeeoeyoeey, a oaeaea oae?aiea ?oe ca nieio n cao-
aaouaaieai iaeiie ?oeie caiynouey ae?oaie; no?aieaiea iia?aoueny
ia /oi-eeai eee i?eneiieoueny e /aio-eeai… Oeuaea a ni/aoaiee
n i?eiiaeiyouie a?iayie… Niiiaiey a iiaeai?a neia e i?a?uaaa-
iay ?a/ue… Iiniaoiinoue e aioiaiinoue a auaea/a eioi?iaoeee, a oae-
aea neeiiiinoue ianoiyoaeueii e aeineiiaeueii a?aoiaioe?iaaoue naie
iiiieciiaaiey… Noaoeeainoue.

– Aiey e nii?ioeaeaieth. N?aaeiyy a?iieinoue aieina, oaa?aeue
oieiaeiue oii, /aoeay a?oeeoeyoeey, iaaeeaiiue oaii e ?eoie/-
iia oa/aiea ?a/e, oi/iay aeeeoeey.

– Aioo?aiiaa iai?yaeaiea. Caaeaoinoue a iicao e aeaeaeaieyo,
no?aieaiea iia?aoueny eee i?eneiieoueny e /aio-eeai, ne?auai-
iua eiaeuaeee o neaeyuaai. I?aaeaeueii noeaieaiiua iaaeaeo niaie
?oee, eceeoia /anoia naeaaiea iaiea n ai?yuae neaa?aou… Ec-
iaiaiea oaia?a aieina, oi?ne?iaaiea caoea, aiacaiiua niaciu
ai?oaie, ne?ei coaaie, caeeaiea, ianiioaaonoaothuee iiiaioo
oioio, iinoiyiiia ia?aaeaaiea ae?oaeo… Oaaee/aiea /enea oaa-
eiiiuo o?ac, auneacuaaaiuo auno?aa, /ai iau/ii, i?aiaa?aaea-
iea ?a/aauie iaocaie, eniieueciaaiea a ?a/e neia n eaneaoaeue-
iuie e oiaiueoeoaeueiuie noooeenaie.

– Onoaeinoue eee oaiaoaiiinoue. Ooneeue e inoaeeaiaeue
acaeyae, caiaaeeaiiay ?a/ue, iyaeee e i?eaeooaiiue aiein, n iaaea-
ieai eioiiaoeee e eiioeo ioaeaeueiie o?acu.

– A?aaeaeaaiinoue. Ioiaeaeaaiea io ia?oia?a, naeeiaiea eoeaeia
i?e ne?auaiiuo ?oeao, ioeeii anae aieiau iacaae e ia?uaaiea /o-
aeie ?a/e… I?enoaeueiue eee ianoie/eaue acaeyae a aeaca n ?acei
oiaiueoaiiuie c?a/eaie… A aiciiaeiii aa?eaioa niio?yo eneina
i?e iiouaiiuo a?iayo, eia iaoio?ai, oaieee aoa iiouaiu.

– Ia?aiciinoue e iaoaa?aiiinoue. Noaoeeainoue, /anoay ia?aia-
ia iicu, /?acia?iay aeanoeeoeyoeey, aeaeaeaiey ?oee iiia?ae oaea
(acyoue eee iii?aaeoue /oi-oi), iieonuaaiea iiaoae, ioa?anuaaiea
aiein ni eaa, oneeaiiay ieieea ?oa, caeonuaaiea
aoa… Aunieee e i?iiceoaeueiue aiein, auno?ay ?a/ue, … Enia?eia, iio.

– Oi?ioaa iano?iaiea (iieiaeeoaeueiua yiioeee). Oeuaea ia
eeoea, aeoeaiay aeanoeeoeyoeey, ?anoe?aiiua c?a/ee, ?annoaaio-
oue ieaeaeae, aiae?ia ianaenouaaiea eaeie-eeai iaeiaeee… Ion-
eaiea aeuia io neaa?aou aaa?o, iaueoaeueiinoue.

– Ieioia iano?iaiea (io?eoeaoaeueiua yiioeee). Iioiaeea n ai-
ei/aieai iia, caiaoii noaeaiiua c?a/ee; acaeyae, ono?aieaiiue
e caiea… Ioneaiea aeuia io neaa?aou aiec, caiaaeeaiiay ?a/ue, oa-
?thiia iie/aiea, ?acae?aaeaiiue aiein… I?eaee?ee e niaa?oaiii
aaciaeaeiui neiaai e i?iaioee?iaaiea ia nni?o, a?aaeaeaaiinoue, ia-
eiioaeoiinoue… |

Anee aei yoiai auee ?anniio?aiu oeie/aneea i?iyaeaiey ai-
eaa eee iaiaa onoie/eaiai oiiiaiai ineoiyiioeeiiaeue- ^–,.
iiai iano?iy /aeiaaea, oi oaia?ue iu oaeaeei aieiaiea 1[239]

aaoiiaoe/aneei ?aaeoeeyi iauaeoa ia iaiaeeaeaiii aicieeoee
?acae?aaeeoaeue (neiai, iinooiie, neooaoeeth). Eae e anaaaea, ia o/ao
aa?oo eeai iaai? ec i?eaiaeeiuo ieaea i?eciaeia, eeai aaeeinoaai-
iue, ii oa?aeoa?iue aeey eiie?aoiiai noauaeoa ioeeee:

– oaeiaieuenoaea, i?eiyoea – cia/eoaeueiia ?anoe?aiea
c?a/eia, aeoeaii ?anieuaathuayny ii eeoeo oeuaea e iaeiaee/-
iue aiein;

– iaoaeiaieuenoaea, ioaa?aeaiea – noaeaiea c?a/eia, ?aceea
oaea?u iiaie ii caiea eee aicaeooo;

– caeioa?aniaaiiinoue – neeiiaiea aieiau iaaie, acaeyae en-
eina, nii?iaiaeaeaaiue i?e yoii oeuaeie eee neaaea i?eiiaeiy-
ouie a?iayie, auoaneeaaiea neaa?aou eci ?oa;

– neoea – niauaiea acaeyaea ia ninaaenoaothuea i?aaeiaou e
a iioieie, noaoai iaoaie/aneia ?eniaaiea /aai-oi ia aoiaaa; ne-
aeyuay ni ne?auaiiuie iiaaie aeaiueia aae?oa ia/eiaao ayei ii-
ea/eaaoue iiaie;

– niouaiea, nouae- cae?uoea, a oaeaea iioneaiea e ioaaaea-
iea aeac, iie?aniaiea (eiie ?ac iyoiaie) eeoea, oneeaiiue ioeuen
e?iae, ioneaaeeaaaiue a aaiao ?oe eee a?oa?eyo oae, cao?oaeia-
iey aeuoaiey, enia?eia,iio;

– iaaeiaa?ea – neeaaeuaaiea ?oe ia a?oaee, ii/anuaaiea iaeue-
oeai nieiee iina, ioaiae e aica?auaiea acaeyaea iacaae;

– iaiaeia?aiea e ianiaeanea – iiea/eaaiea aieiaie ec noi?i-
iu a noi?iio, naeaaiea n iaeaaeaeu, ne?aueaaiea ?oe
ia a?oaee, ?anoyaeaaiea ?a/aauo iaoc;

– eiaeue – ioaiaeu acaeyaea a noi?iio e eieco, ii/anuaaiea aaea
iaeueoeai e ?anoe?aiea eaaeiiueth caoueea, i?ee?uaaiea ?oa ?oeie
a iiiaiou ?a/e, , /anoia ii?aaiea, ia?anuoa-
iea ?oa (naeaouaaiea nethiu, iaeecuaaiea aoa, aeaaeaea), noaei?iae-
iua aeaeaeaiey ai?ea, i?iaeaiu n aeuoaieai, oneeaiiua ioeuena-
oeee e?iae, ioia/aiiua a aaiao ?oe eee a?oa?eyo oae, enia?eia
e iio, ae?iaeue a iuooeao oaea (iaeueoeao eiia/iinoae, o?aaiaioao
eeoea), aicieeiiaaiea a aeeaeiaa ?a/aauo iaaeinoaoeia a?iaea iiaoi-
?a neia eee ia?uaa o?ac ia iieoneiaa (ia?aae iaiaiii), oi?ne?i-
aaiea a?iieinoe ?a/e, a oaeaea caeeaiea e iieaoeeaaiea;

– no?ao – caiaoii au?aaeaiiia iiaeaaeiaiea eeoea, ia?anu-
oaiea ?oa (naeaouaaiea nethiu, iaeecuaaiea aoa, aeaaeaea), i?iya-
eaiiia aeaiea ioeuena a aaiao ?oe eee a?oa?eyo oae, ae?iaeue a iaeue-
oeao ?oe e iuooeao eeoea, a aeeaioa, aunieee aiein, ;

– aeiiaiinoue – iaeea eciaiaiey a oeaaoa eeoea (iiaeaaeia-
iea);

– ceinoue (aiaa) – naeaoea eoeaeia, iiueiuaaiea eaaeiie,
?acaeaaeeaaiea neaa?aou a iaiaeueieoea, ieiaiea eee
a?oaia ioa?anuaaiea /aai-eeai, enia?eia e iio, cia/eoaeueiia ii-
e?aniaiea (eiie ?ac iyoiaie) eeoea, ei?ioeia e ooiiia aeuoaiea
/a?ac iin;

– aa?iyoiinoue iaiaaeaiey – ?aceia iiaaeaiea eeoea, aiacai-
iia noaeaiea c?a/eia, ineaeeaaiea coaia.

Aeey oi/iiai oeaaeeaaiey iauaeo ?aaeoeee nea-
aeoao i?eia?anoe i?eau/eo iai?iecaieueii ioia/aoue ana aic-
ieeathuea eciaiaiey a:

– au?aaeaiee aeac;

– aaee/eia c?a/eia (noaeaiea eee ?anoe?aiea);

— oeaaoa eeoea (iiaaeaiea eee iie?aniaiea);

– aeaiee ioeuena (ia oaa, ia aeneao e ia caiynoueyo ?oe);

– aeuoaiee (ii eieaaaieyi a?oaeiie eeaoee, a oaeaea ii yii/-
ea o iniiaaiey oae);

– nooinoe ?oa (ii naeaouaaieth nethiu eee iaeecuaaieth aoa);

– iioeeainoe eiaee (ia eaaeiiyo ?oe e eeoea);

– o?aii?a iuooe (ae?iaeue a ?oeao, a iaeueoeao eiia/iinoae e a
iaeioi?uo /anoyo eeoea).

Iae?ieeiaaenoe/aneia i?ia?aiie?iaaiea (IEI) n/eoaaony
i/aiue yooaeoeaiui niiniaii ii/oe iaoeiaeiiai i?iieeiiaaiey
a iiaeniciaiea /aeiaaea e i?aaiecaoeee ia yoie iniiaa yooaeoea-
iiai acaeiiaeaenoaey n iei.

Ana ethaee iaeaaeatho niciaieai (aioo?aiiei iniciaiiui ie-
?ii), noueothueiny n iiaeniciaieai (aioo?aiiei iainiciaiiui
ie?ii) e ooieoeeiie?otho a ii?aaeaeaiiie n?aaea (aiaoiai ie?o-
aeathuai ie?a).

Noauaeoii oi?aaeytho ia?acu, iau/ii aicieeathuea ec aai
i?ioeiai iiuoa, a oaeaea nicaeaiiua aiia?aaeaieai e o?aieiua a
iiaeniciaiee.

E aiaoiee ie?, e iiaeniciaiea iiaeaea?aeeaatho naycue n nicia-
ieai iin?aaenoaii o?ao iniiaiiieaaathueo nenoai ia?acia, iuo-
uaiee e i?aaenoaaeaiee:

– aoaeeaeueiie (neoo);

– aecoaeueiie (c?aiea);

– eeianoaoe/aneie (iuoa/iua iuouaiey, aeon e iaiiyiea).
Iniiauaaynue ia nenoaiao i?aaenoaaeaiee (eioi?ua caeanue iacu-
aathony ), anao eiaeeaeaeia iiaeii iiae?acaeaeeoue

ia o?e a?oiiu:

– aecoaeenoia (iuneyueo i?aeiouanoaaiii ia?acaie);

– aoaeeaeenoia (iuneyueo i?aeiouanoaaiii neiaaie);

– eeianoaoeeia (iuneyueo i?aeiouanoaaiii iuouaieyie).
Ethaee iaoi/ii iiieiatho ae?oa ae?oaa, anee iaiaieaathony ei-
oi?iaoeeae a oa?ieiao ?aciuo iiaeaeueiinoae; eniieueciaaiea aea
iaeiie iauae iiaeaeueiinoe niiniaii iaania/eoue aeiaa?eoaeueiua io-
iioaiey aaoiiaoe/anee ia iiaeniciaoaeueiii o?iaia.

?aniiciaoue aeaaainoaothuoth iiaeaeueiinoue /aeiaaea iau/ii
oaeaaony ii:

– naiaia?aceth oiio?aaeyaiuo ei neia: aeaaieia, i?eeaaa-
oaeueiuo, ia?a/ee (eioi?ua caeanue iacuaathony );

– aeaeaeaieyi aai aeac;

-iaeioi?ui iniaaiiinoyi ee/iinoe.

Oeie/iua aa?eaiou aiciiaeiuo i?aaeeeaoia oaeiau:

– aecoaeueiua: aeaeaoue, noieone?iaaoue, iaeueeaoue… y?eee, oai-
iue, ooiaiiue… ?anieua/aoi, io/aoeeai, ynii…

– aoaeeaeueiua: neuoaoue, cao/aoue, e?e/aoue, iaeooaoue, iano?a-
eaaoue, niaeaniauaaoue… a?iieee, oeoee… caiiei…

– eeianoaoe/aneea: /oanoaiaaoue, i?oaeiaaoue, oaaoaoue, i?eo?a-
aeaaoueny… oaieue, aeaaeeee, oaa?aeue, oyaeaeue, aeoniue, i?a-
niue, ino?ue, ai?ueeee, naaaeee, a?iiaoiue… iaoiooue, i?i- a>,–>
aiaaoue… 1(241.

– iaeo?aeueiua: aeoiaoue, ciaoue, iiieiaoue, aini?eieiaoue, ii-
iieoue, aa?eoue… oaaaeeoaeueiue, eciai/eaue…

Ia?a?aaaouaay eioi?iaoeeth, noauaeo iau/ii aeaeaaao aeaca-
ie neaaeothuei ia?acii:

– aecoaeeno – iaeaai-aaa?o eee iai?aai-aaa?o, a oaeaea i?y-
ii-aaa?o eee ii oeaio?o (ia ianoa);

-aoaeeaeeno – iaeaai-aaie eee iai?aai-aaie, a oaeaea aea-
ai-aiec;

– eeianoaoee – iai?aai-aiec e i?yii-aiec.
Ii iaeioi?ui oa?aeoa?iui i?eciaeai ethaeae iuoathony aee-
aaiinoe?iaaoue oae:

– aecoaeeno: iea/e ?ani?aaeaiu, a iauaiee neeiiai nio?a-
iyoue aeenoaioeeth, o?acu i?aaeii/eoaao ia/eiaoue n ianoieiaiey
eee e ?acaiaa?eaaao auno?i e a?iiei ni iiiaeie iao-
caie… ioeaieaaao ana aie?oa, ia ioiiny yoi e naaa… a eiioeeeoa
ca/anooth iaaeiyao…

– aoaeeaeeno: iaeiiiaeaeaeiue, n ieieiaeueiie aeanoeeoey-
oeeae… i?aaeii/eoaao ia niio?aoue a aeaca, a aiai?y ?anniao?eaaao
eia ia?oia?a… ?a/ue iiiioiiia e eae au ia iaeiie iioa… iau/ii
aiai?eo , ?aaeei i?eiaiyao ianoieiaiea … noa-
?aaony ia a?aoue ioaaonoaaiiinoue ia naay…

– eeianoaoee: iea/e e oay ono?aieaiu aia?aae… i?aaeii/e-
oaao auoue iiaeeaea e ia?oia?o e ethaeo i?eeanaoueny e iaio ?oea-
ie, aeieai aea?aeaoue aai ?oeo a naiae… caiaoii ceioiio?aaeyao nei-
aii … a eiioeeeoao neeiiai e ecaeiaieyi…

Oiaiea neuoaoue i?aaeeeaou e ii?aaeaeyoue ii ?aoeaeoi?iui
aeaeaeaieyi aeac aeoaeiiua ia?aaeeaaiey /aeiaaea aeaao aiciiae-
iinoue onoaiiaeoue aeiaa?eoaeueiue eiioaeo ia aanniciaoaeueiii o?ia-
ia e iai?aaeyoue yia?aeth iauaeoa ooaea, eoaea aai iaaei.

Aeaeaeaiey aeac ethaiai /aeiaaea niiniaiu ?anneacaoue ia oieue-
ei i aai iiaeaeueiinoe, ii e i oii, eae ii ?aaioaao n oaeouae ei-
oi?iaoeeae. ?anniio?ei 9 iai?aaeaiee acaeyaea e eo ?aeiiaiaeoa-
ioth ?anoeo?iaeo:

– iai?aai-aaa?o – aecoaeueiia eiino?oe?iaaiea (AE);

– i?yii-aaa?o – aecoaeueiia ainiiieiaiea (AA);

– iaeaai-aaa?o – aecoaeueiia ainiiieiaiea (AA);

– iaeaai-aaie

aoaeeaeueiua ainiiieiaiey (AA);

– aoaeeaeueiua i?aaenoaaeaiey (AI); aeeaeia n

– iaeaai-aiec

naiei niaie;

– i?yii-aiec – eeianoaoe/aneea i?aaenoaaeaiey (EI);

– iai?aai-aiec – eeianoaoe/aneea i?aaenoaaeaiey (EI);

– iai?aai-aaie – aoaeeaeueiia eiino?oe?iaaiea (AE);

– i?yii-aia?aae – aecoaeueiua i?aaenoaaeaiey (AI), ecaia eee aa?oueany ec iaiyoe.

(Aeey iaeaa/aiey i?eaioaoeee oaeiaii i?eiaiyoue oaea oiiieiaa-
oaany naienoai eaaie noi?iiu, eioi?ay i?aaie.) I?e
noieeiiaaiee n eaaoie i?ineaaeeaaaiay ea?oeia, eae i?aaeei,
ca?eaeueii i?ioeaiiieiaeia.

No?aoaaey ?aaiou n eioi?iaoeeae i?e iienea ioaaoa ia aii?in
neaaaaony ec o?ao iineaaeiaaoaeueiuo yoaiia:

– iienea eioi?iaoeee a iiaeniciaoaeueiie iaiyoe (eniieuecoy
o. i. AAAeOUOTH nenoaio i?aaenoaaeaiee);

– i?aaeinoaaeaiey ecaea/aiiie eioi?iaoeee niciaieth (en-
iieuecoy o. i. ?AI?ACAIOAOEAIOTH nenoaio i?aaenoaaeaiee);

– ioeaiee enoeiiinoe yoie eioi?iaoeee niciaieai (eniieuecoy
o. i. ?AOA?AIOIOTH nenoaio i?aaenoaaeaiee).

Ia eaaeaeii ec yoeo yoaiia aeaenoaoao naiy iiaeaeueiinoue, iau/-
ii auyaeyaiay ii iai?aaeaieyi aeaeaeaiey aeac, n o/aoii oiai,
/oi a oa?aeoa?iie na?ee ec o?ao aeaeaeaiee ia/aeueiia iau/ii ni-
ioaaonoaoao , aoi?ia – i?aaenoaaeaieth, a o?aouea –
ioeaiea.

Iiaeaeueiinoe yoaiia i?ineaaeeaathony e a ?a/e /aeiaaea – a
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe eiie?aoiuo i?aaeeeaoia, i?ineaeuecuaathueo
a aaeeiie o?aca. E i?eia?o: .

No?aoaaey iauaeoa eiie ?ac iaiyaony a caaeneiinoe io neooa-
oeee; iia ioia?aaeaaony a aeaeaeaieyo aeac aeiaieueii auno?i, e ii-
oiio, /oiau cana/ue aa, ioaeia ii?aaeaeaiiay iiaeaioiaeoaeueiay o?a-
ie?iaea.

Aeaeaeaiey aeac ia?aaeei ni/aoathony n iiai/iuie noaoai eiaee-
aeaeoaeueiuie ?aaeoeeyie, niiauathueie i ?aaeueiii ioiioaiee
/aeiaaea e aicieeoei ia?aae ieiIaioaeueiui ia?acai (aeaca ii-
oee iaeaai, a c?a/ee i?e yoii noceeenue – iai?eyoiia aoaeeaeue-
iia ainiiieiaiea i /ai-eeai).

Aeey iieo/aiey iaeneioia iieuecu io anyeiai eiioaeoa aeaea-
oaeueii oiaoue:

– ii?aaeaeyoue ii iaeioi?ui aiaoiei i?eciaeai oiae iunee
niaanaaeieea;

– iniciaaaoue aai yiioeeiiaeueiua ninoiyiey;

– i?eaioe?iaaoueny a i?aaaeeainoe aai auneacuaaiee;

– iacaiaoii aiaae?youe a aai niciaiea e iiaeniciaiea naie eaeae.
*oiau oi?ioi iiieiaoue iuneeoaeueiua, yiioeeiiaeueiua e
ioeaii/iua ioeeeee ia?oia?a, iaiaoiaeeii i?iaanoe aai io/aoee-
aoth .

Eaeea?iaaiea iauaeoa inouanoaeyaony /a?ac aieaoaiea ^–,,
a oeaiue aanaaeu eaeeo-eeai iaianoi?aaeeaathueo aii?inia, 1[2*3]

ioaaou ia eioi?ua au ianiiiaiii ciaaoa, e oi/iia oeaaeeaaiea
?acee/iuo ianeiaaniuo ?aaae?iaaiee ia ieo. Aieueooth iiiiuue
a aeaoaeueiie eaeea?iaea eiaeeaeaea niiniaia ieacaoue oaeoo?a, iiae-
?iaii i?eaiaeeiay a ?acaeaea, cao?aaeaathuai /oaiea iuneae e
yiioeee.

*oiau iiiyoue naeaeaoaeuenoaa , eniieue-
cotho i?inoaeoea aii?inu, i?aaeienuaathuea iaeiicia/iua (
eee ) ioaaou, e auyaeytho iaeea ?acee/ey a eiie?aoiii ?a-
aae?iaaiee ia ieo. A eiioea eiioeia aai aeieaeai auoue iiiyoai iaee-
aeaaiue ioaao aua aei iieo/aiey aai a neiaao.

Aeey iiieiaiey yiioeeiiaeueiuo ?aaeoeee /aeiaaea cao?aaeaa-
tho ouaoaeueii ioia?aiiua oaiu (eee oiiieiaiea ethaeae), i?eyo-
iua e iai?eyoiua iauaeoo.

Aeey oyniaiey aeaeaeaiee aeac ia?oia?a (a aae?oa iie ia niio-
aaonoaotho noaiaea?oiie noaia) caaeatho eaaeea oanoe?othuea aii-
?inu, cao?aaeaathuea iii/a?aaeii oi aecoaeueioth (), oi aoaeeaeueioth (), oi eeianoaoe/aneoth
() nenoaiu aai aioo?aiieo i?aaenoaaeaiee.

*oiau iiiyoue, eiaaea iauaeo niiauaao i ?aaeeyo, a eiaaea
i?eaeoiuaaao eioi?iaoeeth, eniieuecotho ?acee/iua aii?inu,
?ann/eoaiiua eae ia yaiia ainiiieiaiea (), oae e ia i?eiaiaiea oaioacee ().

I?eneooeaaynue e ?a/e eiaeeaeaea, aieiaoaeueii ioneaaeeaatho
ana i?ineaeuecuaathuea oai iiaeaeueiua i?aaeeeaou e eo iineaaei-
aaoaeueiinoue (no?aoaaeth ?aaiou n eioi?iaoeeae) a no?oeoo?a i?i-
aiaa?eaaaiuo i?e yoii o?ac.

Inouanoaea eaeea?iaeo iauaeoa, au niiaeaoa iinoe/ue aai aeo-
aeiiue ie? e aai inoaiaony eeoue caiieieoue aai naieie ee/iu-
ie eaeayie.

Neiaa, auneacuaaaiua /aeiaaeo, ieacuaatho ia iaai eaeia-oi
aicaeaenoaea oieueei aeaaiaea?y oai iaioaeueiui ia?acai, eioi?ua
iie niiniaiu ii?iaeeoue a aai niciaiee a oaeouee iiiaio.

Aeey iieo/aiey o?aaoaiiai yooaeoa i?eoiaeeony e eiaeeaeaeo, /oi inouanoaeyaony iooai neio?iiecaoeee, a
i?iua aiai?y, ioia?aaeaieai aai aeanoeeoeyoeee e ?a/e a aeoea-
iii iiaaaeaiee iaieioeyoi?a.

Iaia?a iiaea/e neia (iooaiee aieina e eioiiaoeey) cia/eoaeue-
ii aaaeiaa eo iauai?eiyoiai niunea; ?eoi ?a/e aeieaeai auoue ?ia-
iui e iiaeaiiyoueny e /anoioa aeuoaiey niaanaaeieea.

Aeey i?iaaaeaiey ioaeiie iunee eee eaeae iaiaoiaeeii caoaa-
oeoue aieiaiea ia?oia?a, aeeaiienoy n iiiiuueth aai iiaeaeueiuo
neia ana oi, /oi ii aeaenoaeoaeueii ia?aaeeaaao a nae iiiaio. Caoai
/a?ac ia?aoiaeiua neiaa (, , …) iiaeniauaatho (eniieuecoy enoiaeioth iiaeaeueiinoue) iaaycu-
aaaiua i?aaenoaaeaiey, eioi?ua a oaeeo oneiaeyo iieaaeoony aio
e aiieia oaaaeeoaeueiuie, oioy iiaoo auoue nianai iai-
aeiioeiiuie n eaeoueie aia/aea ooaa?aeaeaieyie.

Eeanne/aneay noaia eniiaeaieueiiai aiaae?aiey a niciaiea e
iiaeniciaiea /aeiaaea auaeyaeeo i?e yoii oae: iiaeno?ia/iua i?aae-
, s eiaeaiey – ia?aoiaeiia neiai – o?aca, aaaeouay a iaia/ai-
[244 JJ iii iai?aaeaiee.

Auneacuaaiey no?iyony n eniieueciaaieai aioo?aiiae no?a-
oaaee ia?oia?a (ii?aaeaeyaiie ii auyaeaiiui i?aaeaa?eoaeueii
aeaeaeaieyi aai aeac) n oiio?aaeaieai oao aea neia e a oie aea o?a-
ciaie iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe, eae yoi aeaeaao ii.

A oiaea inouanoaeaiey aicaeaenoaey aieiaoaeueii neaaeyo ca eaae-
aeie aicieeathuae ?aaeoeeae iauaeoa ia ana i?ieciineiua neiaa e
ei??aeoe?otho naie ia?ac aeaenoaee aei oao ii?, iiea a niciaiee ae-
caae ia noi?ie?oaony aiieia ono?aeaathuee aan ioeeee.

21. Iaoiaeu niaoeneoaea. I iaoiaeao ineoiaicaeaenoaey a ?acaaae-
ea ?anneacuaaao ?. ?iiei:

.

Eoae, ia/iai n eneonnoaa oaaaeaeaoue iaoiaeaie niaoeneoaea.
Oaaaeaeaiea iiae?acoiaaaao aicaeaenoaea ia eiaeeaeaea,
noaayuaa oeaeueth ?aaeeeaeueii nei??aeoe?iaaoue aai acaeyaeu, /oiau oai
naiui iiaeeyoue ia iineaaeothuaa iiaaaeaiea. Aeaiiue aa?eaio yaey-
aony naiui yoe/iui niiniaii aeeyiey, eai caeanue iao a?oai- ^–.s
ai ianeeey eee eiaa?iiai aiaae?aiey a iiaeniciaiea iauaeoa. Oe.245]]

Iaoiae oaaaeaeaiey caaeaenoaoaony aeey:

– aeieaia?aiaiiiai eciaiaiey i?aaenoaaeaiee e onoaiiaie /a-
eiaaea a o?aaoaiii iai?aaeaiee;

– i?eaea/aiey e nio?oaeie/anoao;

– iiaoaeaeaiey iauaeoa e ioaeiiio iinooieo.
Ii oaoie/aneiio eniieiaieth oaaaeaeaiea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
yaioth, eiie ?ac e ne?uooth aeeneonneth, aeiiieiyaioth iaeei noe-
ioee?othuei aicaeaenoaeai.

Eaaeaeue /aeiaae eiaao naie iano?ie (oi/iaa – onoaiiaeo) a
ioiioaiee e /aio-eeai eee eiio-eeai. Nouanoaotho o?e a?aaeaoeee
iiaeiaiiai iano?iy:

– yaiay neiiaoey (neeiiiinoue e i?eiyoeth /aai-eeai);

– aac?acee/ea (n eaaeei niauaieai a oo eee eioth noi?iio);

– io?eoeaiea(iai?eyoea).

Anyeay iiiuoea a?oai iaaycaoue aeaeaaiia iiaiea i?eaaaeao
eeoue e io?eoeaoaeueiiio ?acoeueoaoo, eai /aeiaae anaaaea nii?ioea-
eyaony ia?aie/aieth naiaiaeu auai?a.

Aeey eciaiaiey ioiioaiey eiaeeaeaea e /aio-eeai ioaeii ia-
?ai?eaioe?iaaoue aai iano?ie. Neaaeoao o/eouaaoue, /oi:

– a iiaaeeiea ?acoia e onoaiiaee /aua iiaaaeaeaao onoaiiaea;

– a oiaea ia?aiaiu onoaiiaie /aeiaaeo iaaei iieacaoue iai?aa-
eaiiinoue e niaea?aeaiea iaiaoiaeeiuo eciaiaiee; ana yoi aeieaeii
auoue ei aini?eiyoi e iiiyoi;

– eciaiaiey i?iecieaeoo oai oniaoiaa, /ai nicao/iaa iie ii-
o?aaiinoyi e iioeaaoeeyi iauaeoa;

– i?iua anaai ia?ano?aeaathony onoaiiaee, eioi?ua ia eiatho
i?eioeeieaeueiiai (aeeciaiii aaaeiiai) cia/aiey aeey /aeiaaea;

– a neo/aa iieiinoueth iaaaoeaiie onoaiiaee ia?ai?eaioaoeey
aa iau/ii o?aaoao niaoeeaeueiuo oneiaeiaiiuo iaoiaeia ia?ai?ia-
?aiie?iaaiey ineoeee (o. a. ) ia?niiu.

A caaeneiinoe io oneiaee neooaoeee e eiie?aoiuo iniaaiiin-
oae iauaeoa aai iiaeii iiiuoaoueny oaaaeeoue i?yii (a oiaea aanaaeu)
eeai einaaiii (/a?ac einie?e?iaaiiua aeoeee), aeaenoaoy i?e yoii:

– aeoeaioe?iaaiea-eiae/ii;

-eiia?aoeaii (eaoaai?e/ii);

– yenoeeoaoeaii (?ano?aaeeaaieai yiioeee);

– aeueoa?iaoeaii (naaaeaieai i?iaeaiu e auai?o ).
Anyeia aicaeaenoaea niaea?aeeo a naaa yeaiaiou e aiooaiey e

oaaaeaeaiey, ii a ?aciuo i?iii?oeeyo.
I?iua oaaaeaeaoue oao, eoi eiaao:

– y?eia aeeaia aiia?aaeaiea;

– i?eaioaoeeth nei?aa ia ae?oaeo, /ai ia naay;

– ianeieueei caieaeaiioth naiiioeaieo (?iaeea e neaai aeiaa-
?ythuea naiaio nianoaaiiiio iiaieth noauaeou).
O?oaeii iiaeaeathony oaaaeaeaieth eeoea n:

– yaiie a?aaeaeaaiinoueth ii ioiioaieth e ae?oaei (i?iyaeya-
iia nii?ioeaeaiea, enoaoe, /anoi iiaeao aicieeaoue eae neaaenoaea
aeaeaiey aeiieie?iaaoue iaae ie?oaeathueie);

– neeueiui aeooii e?eoeoeecia;

– aioiaiinoueth e ia?aeia/eaaieth naieo acaeyaeia (i?iua ai-
ai?y, no?aieaieai anaaaea eiaoue aua iaeio iiceoeeth i?i ca-
ian).

Ia?aae i?iaaaeaieai aeoeaiie aeoeee neaaeoao aeia?ioii iiaeai-
oiaeoue /aeiaaea ?yaeii iiaeaiaeyueo i?aaeaa?eoaeueiuo aanaae, n oai
/oiau iineaaeothuaa aeoeaioe?iaaiiia aicaeaenoaea ia yaeeinue aeey
iaai iai?eyoiie iaiaeeaeaiiinoueth.

I?e ieaie?iaaiee yieciaea oaaaeaeaiey iaaei:

– ouaoaeueii aua?aoue ianoi, ie?oaeaiea e iiiaio aeey eii-
oaeoa; :

– ?ann/eoaoue, eae i?enooieoue e aanaaea, eae niyoue ia/aeueiia
iai?yaeaiea, eae aucaaoue iaeioi?ue eioa?an;

– oi?ioi i?iaeoiaoue, eae iai?aaeoue ?acaiai? a aeaeaaiia
?onei;

– io?aaioaoue anth naith a?aoiaioaoeeth niia?acii n ineoieiae-
ae, iioeaaie e ono?aieaieyie iauaeoa;

– aua?aoue ?eoi aanaaeu e ii?yaeie i?aaeuyaeaiey a?aoiaioia;

– au/eneeoue aiciiaeiua eiio?a?aoiaiou e i?iaeoiaoue, eae
eo iaeo?aeeciaaoue;

– iaiaoeoue caianiua aa?eaiou i?iaeieaeaiey aanaaeu, anee
ia?oia? ?aoeoaeueii cayaeo ;

– /aoei i?aaenoaaeyoue naaa, eae caaa?oeoue aanaaeo.
Auai? ianoa, ie?oaeaiey e iiiaioa aeey eiioaeoa:

– ianoi, aaea inouanoaeytho oaaaeaeaiea, ii aiciiaeiinoe aeie-
aeii niinianoaiaaoue aeaaiaeooiiio iano?iaieth /aeiaaea, eai yoi
oeo/oaao aini?eei/eainoue e niioonoaothuaio aeeyieth; oae, anee
a eiiiaoa anoue ea?oeiu, oaeaaeathuea aci? iauaeoa, cao-
/eo i?aayuayny aio iocuea, a ia noiea ethaeiue iaieoie, – ii
aoaeao aieaa naiai?/ea;

– i?enoonoaea eaeeo-oi iinoi?iiieo eeoe iau/ii iaaeaeaoaeue-
ii, oioy eiie ?ac ioaeaeueiua ia?niiu (iaeea aaoi?eoaou, caeioa-
?aniaaiiua aeeceea) i?yii eeai einaaiii iiaoo o/anoaiaaoue a i?i-
oeanna oaaaeaeaiey;

– a?aiy i?iaaaeaiey iniiaiie aanaaeu neaaeoao niia?aciauaaoue
n oaeie neooaoeeae, i?e eioi?ie iaeea iio?aaiinoe e iano?iaiey
iauaeoa naeeaeathony n iiaea?anuaaaiuie aio eaeayie (?aci/a?i-
aaiea a /ai-eeai, cao?oaeiaiey a ea?uea?a, ?aciua niauoey, eioi-
?ua iiaeii o?aeoiaaoue eae aa?iyoioth oa?ico n ii?aaeaeaiiie noi-
?iiu) eeai eiaaea ii oaea iiaeaioiaeai i?aaeaa?eoaeueiuie niaana-
aeiaaieyie.

Ia/aei aanaaeu, niyoea iai?yaeaiey, aucia eioa?ana
I?e aoiaeaeaiee a ?acaiai? iaiaoiaeeii ecaaaaoue:

– ecaeiaiee e ae?oaeo i?iyaeaiee iaoaa?aiiinoe;

– neo/iiai ia/aea;

– i?iyaeaiey iaeaeoaai iaoaaaeaiey e niaanaaeieeo;

– iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai i?enooia n?aco e aeaeo.

Aeey niyoey iai?yaeaiiinoe e ia?aoaiey aeiaa?ey iieacii:

– eiaoue i?eyoiue aeey aecaae aiaoiee aeae (iaeaaeaeo, aieia-
iie oai?, i?e/aneo) e au?aaeaiea eeoea;

– ia?auaoueny e niaanaaeieeo ii eiaie, iaeeiiyynue a ?acaiai-
?a ianeieueei e iaio;

– neacaoue ia?o eiiieeiaioia ia ioiaiiii aeona, ?aiooaoeee
e aeaeiauo niiniaiinoyo iauaeoa;

-auneacaoue eaeoth-eeai oooeo (aiaeaeio), canoaaeyth- ^–,\
uoth niaanaaeieea ene?aiii ?anniayoueny. |[247]]

Aeey oneeaiey eioa?ana e aanaaea iiaeii:

– caaeaaaoue iaianoi?aaeeaathuea aii?inu (i?ioanneiiaeueiua,
aeeoaeneea, oiaaeeiua), ia eioi?ua noauaeo n oaeiaieuenoaeai ca-
oi/ao ioaa/aoue;

– ?acaiaa?eaaoue n iiceoeee eioa?ania niaanaaeieea eee ein-
iooueny oaiu, yaii naycaiiie n aai i?iaeaiaie.

I?eaioaoeey aanaaeu a ioaeiii iai?aaeaiee:

– i?eaeaeay annioeeaoeee, ia?aa?ineoue iinoee iaaeaeo ia/a-
eii, cao?aaeie e i?ioaeeeaaaiie eaeaae;

– iienaoue eaeia-oi aeeoaeneia iaaethaeaiea, oee/ioth ioeaieo
eee aea aiaeaeioe/iue neo/ae, eae au iaaeaeo i?i/ei oaycaa yoi n
aeaeaaiui i?aaeiaoii;

– oiiiyiooue ianeieueei aaaeiuo aeey ia?oia?a aii?inia, eie
/a?ac aeieaeiia niauaiea aeoeaioia niioiinyony n iaia/aiiie oa-
iaoeeie.

Auai? a?aoiaioaoeee niia?acii n ee/iinoueth e iano?iaieyie
iauaeoa:

– i?iaiaeeiay eaeay anaaaea iaycaia iaoiaeeoue naie iooue ia oieue-
ei e ?acoio, ii e e yiioeeyi iauaeoa;

– iaoa?eae aeey i?iaaaeaiey a?aoiaioaoeee iiaeae?aaony a ca-
aeneiinoe io oeia (ia?aciia – eiae/aneia) aeoia n ea/anoaii
(aeaeia, einiia, eiioi?iiia, naiinoiyoaeueiia) iuoeaiey niaa-
naaeieea;

– eiaao niune i?eiaiyoue eeoue oa a?aoiaiou, eaeiaua aae-
aeo ee/iinoiuo iano?iaa, ia?aca iuoeaiey, eioaeeaeoa e eiath-
uaeny eioi?iaoeee aeaiiue /aeiaae niiniaai aini?eiyoue;

– a oiaea oaaaeaeaiey aeaeaoaeueii eniieueciaaoue eae aano?aeo-
iua auaiaeu, oae e c?eioth eiie?aoioth oaeoo?o, ia eioi?ie eaa-
/a oaaaeaeaoue eeoe, ia aeaaeathueo aano?aeoiui iuoeaieai;

– n eiioi?ienoaie i?ioiaeyo nnueee ia aaoi?eoaou, e?ani/-
iua auni?aiiea o?acu e oii? ia /oanoai iauiinoe n ae?oaeie;

– i?e naiinoiyoaeueiinoe iuoeaiey /aeiaaea a oiae ioneatho
eiaeeo iainiiaaiey n iaiaeii ia aiciiaeiinoue ee/iie auaiaeu eae
ii?aeueiiai, oae e iaoa?eaeueiiai ieaia;

– i?e caiaoiie einiinoe iuoeaiey ia?niaeoeaii ?acaeeaa-
iea yiioeee n iie?aieai ia yiie?eeo.

Onoaiiaeaiea ?eoia ?acaiai?a e ii?yaeea i?aaeuyaeaiey a?-
aoiaioia:

– ioaeii oaa?aei aa?eoue a enoeiiinoue oiai, a /ai au oioeoaoaa-
aeeoue ae?oaeo, eai ethaee iiaeniciaoaeueii oeaaeeaatho ioiioaiea ai-
ai?yuaai e niiauaaiiio, a any/aneay oaeueoue iooaeeeaaao;

– ?eoi ?a/e aeieaeai auoue aeiaieueii ?iaiui e iiaeno?aeaaoueny
iiae /anoioo aeuoaiey niaanaaeieea;

– aeey ia/aea iaania/ueoa iaeeiaeiaia iiieiaiea aaaeoueo oa?-
ieiia e au?aaeaiee aaie e iauaeoii;

– ia aeaaaeoa ioaeaeaoue naay io iaia/aiiie oaiaoeee e ia io-
aeaeaeoanue io iaa naie;

– a oiaea i?eaaaeaiey a?aoiaioaoeee ia?aui aeaeii aiai?yo i
i?aeiouanoaao e oieueei iinea – i iaaeinoaoeao;

– yooaeoeaai iinue niiauaiey, i?e eioi?ii
‘ s iinea auaea/e i/a?aaeiiai oaeoa eee a?aoiaioa aeaeaaony ia-
[248JJ aieueoay iaoca aeey iniciaiey e cae?aieaiey oneuoaiiiai;

– eaaeaeue iineaaeothuee a?aoiaio aeieaeai auoue aaniiaa, /ai
i?aaeuaeouee;

– aeey eo/oaai aini?eyoey iiauo eaeae iaaei iiaeaaaoue eo oae,
/oiau iie annioeee?iaaeenue n oaea onaiaiiuie;

– ieeiaaea ia ia?aie/eaaeoanue eeoue i?inoui ia?a/eneaieai
a?aoiaioia, a noa?aeoanue ?ane?uaaoue eo eiae/aneee e yiioeeiiaeue-
iue niune n oi/ee c?aiey niaanaaeieea;

– i?eaiaeeoa oio aea naiue a?aoiaio ianeieueei ?ac, ii i?e
yoii iiaoi?yeoa aai iiauie neiaaie;

– anaaaea eiaeoa ia?o a?aoiaioia i?i caian aeey oiio?aaeaiey
i?e caiaoiuo eieaaaieyo a iiceoeee iauaeoa;

– ouaoaeueii ioneaaeeaaeoa ana neiaaniua e ianeiaaniua ?a-
aeoeee ia?oia?a e, iniiauaaynue ia ieo, ei??aeoe?oeoa naith aeaeue-
iaeooth a?aoiaioaoeeth;

– au/eneeoa ii ?aaeoeee iauaeoa oa iiiaiou, aaea ?acua?uaa-
aony e nin?aaeioi/ueoa ia ieo ana naia aicaeae-
noaea, ?ac ca ?acii iiaeaaay oa a?aoiaiou, eaeiaua i?iecaaee ia
ia?oia?a iaeneiaeueiia aia/aoeaiea.

Iaeo?aeecaoeey a?aoiaioaoeee iauaeoa:

– ca?aiaa i?aaeiieiaeeoa ana aiciiaeiua ?aciiu aecaae e, i?e-
aioe?oynue ia ieo, iiaeaioiaueoa nianoaaiiua eiio?a?aoiaiou;

– a?aoiaioaoeeth iauaeoa eo/oa ?acaeaaoue ia?aae auneacuaa-
ieai naieo iinueia, i?e/ai neaaeoao aiaeece?iaaoue eae ?aaeue-
iinoue naieo oaeoia, oae e oa auaiaeu, eioi?ua ia ieo iniiauaa-
thony;

Aeiaiaeu ia?oia?a iiaeii iaeo?aeeciaaoue:

– eiaeeie ii?iaa?aeaiey;

– eaii?e?iaaieai;

– auniaeaaieai;

– eaaeoueiny i?eiyoeai n iineaaeothuei iaiaeeaeaiiui ?ac-
aai/eaaieai;

– eciaiaieai aeoeaioia (aunoaaeyy eo neaaua ianoa e i?a-
aeaeueii nieaeay neeueiua);

– oeo?ioiiui i?aa?auaieai eo a naie nianoaaiiua;

– iiaeaaeaieai eiaeee yiioeeyie;

– aia/aoeythuae aeene?aaeeoaoeeae eo aaoi?a (ii ia niaanaaeie-
ea, anoanoaaiii!);

– nnueeie ia aaoi?eoaou (eiie ?ac auiuoeaiiua).
Iaania/aiea i?iaeieaeaiey aanaaeu, anee iauaeo ioaaoee :

– ieeiaaea ia ionooiaeoa aei oao ii?, iiea aecaae ia neaaeao
/aoeiai ?aoeoaeueiiai ;

– iniciaa, /oi niaanaaeiee i?eiye ieii/aoaeueiia ?aoaiea, ia
iuoaeoanue aai ia?aoaaaeeoue, a eneonii ia?aa?inueoa ?acaiai? ia iae-
o?aeueioth e ii aiciiaeiinoe i?eyoioth aeey iaai oaiaoeeo.

22. Nicaeaiea niaoeeaeueiie aoiinoa?u aeey aeiiii?anooieaiee.
Aeaaiui ineoioaoie/aneei iiiaioii, eioi?ue i?aaeaa?yao eth-
aia i?eiaiaiea e?eieiaeueiiai aeiiica, yaeyaony aiooaiea ao-
aeouae aea?oaa (eee aea?oaai) /oanoaa aeoaieiai aioo?aiiaai (en-
e?aiiaai) aeiaa?ey. Aio /oi ia yoii ieoao TH. A. Ua?aaouo (1998):

.

Yoa enoi?ey, auoaeaiiay aeioioiui o/aiui ec aeoaeiu aaeia,
e. eeoiee ?ac iiaeoaa?aeaeaao aeeoaeneoth aeneiio: /oiau oaeaeanue eth-
aay oeo?inoue, ioaeii i?aaeaa?eoaeueii onuieoue iiaeic?aiey iaia-
iuaaaiiai. E iaiai?io, iiea anoue oioue ene?a iaaeiaa?ey, aua ni-
o?aiyaony oain onoiyoue i?ioea oeo?aoeia e iaiaiueeia. Aaaeue eae
oieueei iu /oanoaoai, /oi iiaeai ieacaoueny iaiaioouie, oi n?aco
caiueaainy e ianoi?iaeaiii aeaeai, eaeei eiaiii ia?acii ian ii-
iuoathony iaoeo?eoue. A yoii neo/aa iu acaaoeaaai a oia /ooue ee
ia eaaeaeia neiai niaanaaeieea e eiae/anee ana aic-
iiaeiua iineaaenoaey. E iaiai?io, n ethaeueie, eioi?uo iu oi?ioi
ciaai e eioi?ui i?eaueee aeiaa?youe, iu aaaeai naay naiaiaeii e
?aneiaaiii, ia iianaynue eaeiai-oi iiaeaioa n eo noi?iiu.

Noieo iioaiieeo oieueei iaeei ?ac – e aio oaea
ia aoaeao i?aaeiae aa?u, aai ?aiooaoeey ieaaeaony iiaeii/aiiie. *oi
au ii ie aiai?ee iinea yoiai, /oi au ie aeaeae, ethaee ia iiaa?yo
aio. I?eia?ii iiaoo neoaeeoue acaeiiioiioaiey eiia?aoi?a Iao-
?a I e aai oaai?eoa Iaioeeiaa. Eae ecaanoii, Iao? Aaeeeee aanue-
ia oeaiee naiaai niiaeaeaeieea, iaeiaei iinea oiai eae oio aue iai-
aeiie?aoii oee/ai a iioaiie/anoaa, iieiinoueth ia?anoae aeiaa?youe
aio. Aio eae ieoao ia yoii enoi?ee I. E. Einoiia?ia:

.

Iiyoiio iaiaiueee ia?aui aeaeii no?aiyony aiooeoue naiei
iioaioeeaeueiui aea?oaai /oanoai iieiiai aeiaa?ey e eeoue iinea
yoiai i?enooiatho iaiin?aaenoaaiii e iaiaio. Caeanue ana eaeao a aeaei;

oi?ie?iaaiea niioaaonoaothuae ?aiooaoeee e nicaeaiea eieaeaea
i?aaaeeaiai, /anoiiai /aeiaaea, ioe?uoay, iaayoaeueiay oeuaea,
aeiaa?eoaeueiue oii ?acaiai?a, nicaeaiea iaeie eaaaiaeu, iaania/e-
aathuae iae?eoe/aneia aini?eyoea ni noi?iiu iauaeoa iaiaia,
eanoue, aucuaaiea aeaeinoe, ea?a ia eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo ee/iinoiuo
iniaaiiinoyo /aeiaaea, nicaeaiea niioaaonoaothuae ?ieaaie neoo-
aoeee e o. ae. Iaeioi?ua ec niiniaia aucuaaiey aeiaa?ey iu ?acaa-
?ai iicaeiaa, a ae?oaeo aeaaao eieae, a nae/an inoaiiaeiny ia na-
iii i?inoii: aucuaaiee a iioaioeeaeueiie aea?oaa iaiaia /oanoaa
nianoaaiiie cia/eiinoe. Yoio i?eai ianeieueei ioee/ai io iau/-
iie eanoe, oiiueoa aa, a cia/eo, aieaa yooaeoeaai.

Aeaee Ea?iaae ieoao, /oi >iai?ee?aoaiiay enoeia caeeth/a-
aony a oii, /oi ii/oe eaaeaeue ano?a/athueeny aai /aeiaae n/eoa-
ao naay a eaeii-oi ioiioaiee auoa aan, e au iaeaeaoa aa?iue iooue
e aai na?aeoeo, anee iaiaayc/eai aeaaeeoa aio iiiyoue, /oi i?eciaaoa
oo aaaeioth ?ieue, eioi?oth ii ea?aao a naiai iaeaiueeii ie?ea, e
i?eciaaoa aa ene?aiia>.

A aio /oi ieoao i?ioanneiiaeueiue ?acaaae/ee Aeeoi? Noai-
?ia, aeey eioi?iai ?aniieiaeeoue e naaa /aeiaaea auei iaiaoiaeeii,
aeey oiai /oiau caaa?aiaaoue aai eee auoaeeoue ec iaai aaaeiua naa-
aeaiey.

. E aeaeaa Noai?ia aeiaaaeyao: .

Yoi i?aaeei eanaaony eae ioae/ei, oae e aeaiuei. Ea?iaae ?an-
neacuaaao a naiae eieaa i ciaiaieoii a?a/iii aoa?enoa-iiiai-
aeaioea, eioi?ue caaiaaae na?aeoea e eaieoaeu aeaaaeoeaoe o?ao aiaa-
ouo aia?eeaiie, i?aaeaea /ai oaiaeee a oth?ueio! Eiaaea aeo?iaeeno-
ea ni?ineea o iaai, eae aio oaeaeinue aethaeoue a naay noieueei aeai,
ii ioaaoee, /oi yoi nianai ia o?oaeii: ana, /oi iaaei aeaeaoue, – yoi
aiai?eoue n aeaiueiie i iae naiie.

Ca/anooth iioaiieee i?ee?uaatho naie iaiai oeaeyie naiae aeayoaeueiinoe: nai?ii aeaiaa ia no?ieoaeuenoai
i?aaineaaiiai o?aia eee aeaoneiai aeiia aeey ne?io, eiiaaea – aeey
ea/aiey aieueiuo aeaoae eee ae?oaie ia iaiaa /enoie e aicauoai-
iie oeaee.

Oeeinio Aeoa?ianeee oae eiiiaioe?oao yoi yaeaiea:


nicaeaaony aeaeeiinoue niaethaeaiey i?aanoaaiiuo e ae?oaeo 1 [251.

nioeeaeueiuo ii?i (i?eioeeiia /anoiinoe, ni?aaaaeeeainoe, th?eaee-
/aneeo caeiiia e oiio iiaeiaiia), /oi eae au oaeaaeaaao iaiai,
iaoneiaeeaaao aeaoieaiiainoue anyeiai aeoa iaiaia. Aac nicaeaiey
oaeie aeaeeiinoe, aac ouaoaeueiiai eaiooeyaea naieo aeaenoaeoaeue-
iuo ono?aieaiee iaiaiuaathuee ia iiaeao ?ann/eouaaoue ia on-
iao. Iiyoiio oio, eoi no?aieony aeinoeaiooue naiae i?aeoe/aneie
oeaee oeaiie iaiaia, aunooiaao, eae i?aaeei, iiae ee/eiie iiai?-
ieea enoeiu, aeia?a e ni?aaaaeeeainoe.

Neieueei ?ac iai /eoaee aunieoth ii?aeue oai?oeu iiaeeiai ia-
iaia! Neieueei ?ac iiae iie?iaii auni?aiieo ?a/ae oi?aeanoaiaa-
ea eiaeue, oeo?ioiiay, oaiaeyuay io enoeiu e ioaaonoaaiiinoe ii-
eoi?aaaea!>

Aeey oiai /oiau aiooeoue naiei iioaioeeaeueiui aea?oaai /oa-
noai aeiaa?ey e naaa, iioaiieee eniieuecotho ana aiciiaeiua e ia-
aiciiaeiua n?aaenoaa: aei oiieinoae ?ac?aaioaiiua eaaaiaeu, oi/ii
?ann/eoaiioth ieieeo, eioiiaoeeth, iaeaaeaeo e iiiaia ae?oaia.

Ia/iai n iaaa?aaeueiuo n?aaenoa. Aio eae ieoao ia oiaiee ni-
caeaaaoue aeiaa?eoaeueioth aoiinoa?o i?e iiiiue aeanoia Aeai Iec:

.

Iaiaeiaaaeiia cia/aiea a nicaeaiee aeaaii?eyoiiai aia/ao-
eaiey eiaao oeuaea ia eeoea. Aeaee Ea?iaae ienae: .

Aeaeaa ienoa? Ea?iaae ieoao, /oi oieueei ene?aiiyy, eaeouay
io na?aeoea oeuaea niiniaia aucaaoue o ethaeae /oanoai aeiaa?ey, a
eneonnoaaiiay, iaoyiooay oeuaea eeoue ?acae?aaeaao. Iiyoiio oa-
eaioeeaue iaiaiuee, i?aaeaea /ai iaiaiooue /aeiaaea, aeieaeai a
eaeie-oi noaiaie anee ia iiethaeoue aai, oi oioy au ioianoenue n
neiiaoeae. Eae i?aaeei, aeoeeee aunieiai ?ac?yaea nicaeatho aia-
/aoeaiea aanueia iaayoaeueiuo ethaeae. Aio i?eia? ec aeecie cia-
iaieoie aaaioth?enoee Niiueee Cieioie ?o/ee, iienaiiue Ae-
eie Ainna?o a noaouea (, ? 4, 1996).

<...iiaeuacaeay e eeeio a aaaiia o eeanna aaea iia i iuoeyea ii iaei niiueea cai thiea iiae- naea iieeiieeanue iieuenoeea aio oae aeooii ai ana aeaca eioi oaea ciaea oi h252jj aeyaeuaaea aai eiea iaioeee naa naiiae aicea ieo iieiaeie aiaiiue iaiaaeeaiii iuooee naienoaaiiue anai ioae ano ia niiueee- iii iooe: caueoeoue iiaeaoue yoo aeaai n eeoeii iaaeoaai aiaa- ea aiciiaeiinoe aei eiioea naieo aeiae. iaai iaeaiinoue eceo aa iaeeeii aeaenoaiaaea ethaeae aeiiioe ae ooo aea iaeenue aueeaaeuaaoue aeooo. ieoa aue eneeth ieai. noaioeee eeei ie noieei oneaoue iiei- ca eeiiiaaeii. yoi iineaaeiee eiaaea iiiaeanue ii- ee noiaea aacooaoii aeeth iaeaiioaiiiai ionoaaoaai io acaea ieoo iiaa aeaaooea acyea iiioo ioeaea ni naiei. iiaoo eaaoue ieaiaiii aethaeaiiue>.

23. Nicaeaiea ia?aca i?inoaea. A i?eioeeia aeaiiue i?eai ya-
eyaony /anoueth aieaa iauaai niiniaa ineoieiae/aneiai aicaeae-
noaey – , iienaiiiai auoa, iaeiaei
eiiaaea i?eia?aoaao naiinoiyoaeueiia cia/aiea.

Aua a 1647 aiaeo Aaeueoana? A?aneai /aoei noi?ioee?iaae aeai-
iue i?eioeei: . Ai?i/ai, i?aeoe/aneia i?eiaiaiea aeaiiiai
iaoiaea iiaeii iaia?oaeeoue a eieaa, iaienaiiie ca o?e noieaoey
aei , -a Aeaeiaaiie Aieea/-
/i. Oai ?anneacuaaaony enoi?ey ia iaeiii ia?ia ii eiaie Iacao-
oi, eioi?ue i?iiee a aeaineee iiianou?ue iiae aeaeii aeooiiaii-
ai. Aai ?an/ao aue i?ino: anee e caoioyo iieiaeua iiiaoee nia?a-
oeoue n ioae/eiie, oi a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue n oai, eoi ia niiaeao iioii
i?iaiai?eoueny. Oae e i?iecioei. I?aaaea, iioii Iacaooi i?e-
oeinue iiaeaeaoue i niaeayiiii: ii iieueciaaeny o iiiaoae oaeie ii-
ioey?iinoueth, /oi aaeaa ia iiaoaee naia caei?iauea. I?eoeinue ei
aeaaea ninoaaeyoue a?aoee eniieueciaaiey ethaaaiaeeueiiai .

Yoi, oae neacaoue, e?aeiyy noaiaiue i?eiaiaiey , ia aeaea aea ana i?ienoiaeeo cia/eoaeueii oiiueoa e anoano-
aaiiaa. Nooue aeaiiiai i?eaia caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi iioaiieee
anaie aeinooiiuie ei niiniaaie noa?athony nicaeaoue o /aeiaaea
iuouaiea aai eioaeeaeooaeueiiai i?aainoiaenoaa, iaeiia?aiaiii
ia?i/eoi i?eieaeay naie nianoaaiiua oinoaaiiua niiniaiinoe.
A ?acoeueoaoa /aeiaae oa?yao aaeeoaeueiinoue, oae eae ia iaeeaeaao ea-
eiai-eeai iiaeaioa io i?inoaea, n eioi?ui ii yeiau eiaao aeaei.
Ia naiii aea aeaea i?inoaeii e ieacuaaaony ii nai.

O eeoaeoeaa anoue niaoeeaeueiia iacaaiea aeey aeaiiiai i?eaia –
. Ii icia/aao, /oi io
neeueiiai a?aaa ne?uaatho eeeiie ia/a, i?aaenoaaeythony aeoiuie,
eae naeiuey, iiaeaeathony ai anai, ecia?aaeatho ae?oaeaneoth oeuaeo e
i?eneoaeeaatho, iiaeiaii ?aaai. Ii eae oieueei i?aaenoaaeyaony neo-
/ae, ?aa i?aa?auaaony a iaea/a.

Eiiaaea yoio i?eai ianeieueei iiaeeoeoee?oaony. A yoii neo/aa
iioaiieee nicaeatho eeethceth oiai, /oi iioaioeeaeueiay ^–^
aea?oaa iaiaia iaeaaeaao aieueoei ciaieai, /ai iie, e ia IL253J

yoii iiaeao /oi-oi auea?aoue. Ia naiii aeaea ieacuaaaony, /oi cia-
iea aea?oau auei eiaeiui e neoaeeei eeoue i?eiaieie n oeaeueth
aiaea/ue ianoiyuaai i?inoaea a i?anooiioth ea?o. Aio eae iienu-
aaao yoio i?eai ?aaeueiay aea?oaa iaiaia, iiiaaoayny ia e?th/ie:

<...iiiith noiyee noieeea e iiaeecinoe nooeueaa. ca aeeaeieinoieeeii ieiei iaai neaeaee eaeea-oi ethaee a oaiii-na- eiiaeiaciiao iioiaeea ia oaieenoia. ec ieo ea aeaa eee o ooo aea iaaethaeay iaeiiai neaeae aeecei ei iia aeaeai aue oaieie aaeiai iiniaiai ieaoea. ss au yoi ieeaeiai aieiaiey ii eoi-oi i iiaeioae iaca- iaoii aeey naiiai iioeoiiueeo auoauee yoio ieaoie. iai caaycai ocaeie. auoaueaoee ocaeie oai iea- caeny aoiaaeiue aieiaoaeueii iaaethaeae aoaeao aeaeueoa. iieiaeee naaa iiaeiya n iiea aacaou ioi eoni neiieae caaycae iiniaie oie oae eae caoai inoi canoioe ieaoie oio iioii aiai ni iaaeaeo oaay oi> Oio ioaaoee, /oi oeuaaiea aaaeaea e caaycaea ?oaeue ia n/a-
nouea. Auoaueaoee neacae, /oi oeuaaiea iaiaioea, caaycaea eaeoth-
ieaoaeue aoiaaeeo aianoi ?oaey. Ea?ie ioaaoee, /oi yoiai ia iiaeao
auoue, aaaeue ii nai aeaeae, eae iia caaycuaaea ?oaeue. Ia/aeny nii?.
Ea?athuee i?aaeeiaeee ia nii? /anu, ae?oaie /oi-oi ii?yaeea 10 ?oa-
eae. Aeaaeaeaoe /ania neacae, /oi /anu aei?iaea noiyo.

Ianoieueei ana auaeyaeaei anoanoaaiiui, /oi y, inoi?iaeiue a
aeecie /aeiaae, aiaoaeny a yoio nii? e i?aaeeiaeee 50 ?oaeae (a oi
A?aiy noiia i?eee/iay): y aea aue oaa?ai a naiai auea?uoa. Eia-
aea oaea?eee ii ?oeai e oicyei ieaoea auoauee e ?acaycae aai,
oai ieacaeny… ?oaeue!

ss iaaeaeae a aoeaaeueiii niunea, aaaeue nianoaaiiuie aeacaie
aeaeae, eae caaycuaaee eei/ie aacaou. Iiea niia?aaeae, i?eoi-
aeee a naay, oao ?aayo n iieie 50 ?oaeyie oaea ia auei. Nia?ae
ii?y/eia-ei?aoae n oeaeueth ?ani?aaeoueny n iaeae/eeaie, ii, oau,
iie eae neaicue caieth i?iaaeeeenue, aea e caoay auea aanniuneai-
ia. Oieueei ii i?ioanoaee eaeiai-oi a?aiaie y ?acaaaeae oaoiiei-
aeth yoeo iioaiieeia. ?aaioaee ii naiai?o, ana auei ca?aiaa niea-
ie?iaaii. ?aaioaee ia i?inoa/ea a?iaea iaiy, oioy, aeoiath, /oi ia
yoo oaei/eo iia iiianoueny ethaie ae?oaie.

A ea?iaia auei aeaa iaeeiaeiauo iiniauo ieaoea, a eaaeaeii
caaycaii ii ?oaeth. A iiiaio, eiaaea oicyei ecaeaeae ec ea?iaia
yeiau ieaoie n aoiaaeeie, ii i?inoi iacaiaoii caoaeeeaae aai ii-
aeaeueoa, a ecaeaeae ae?oaie, oaeie aea, ii n ?oaeai> (aeo?iae , ? 3, 1996 a.).

A eaaeaeie no?aia anoue naie ciaiaieoue aeaoaeoea, eioi?iio iiae
neeo ?aniooaoue ethaia i?anooieaiea. O aiaee/ai yoi Oa?eie
Oiein, o aia?eeaioeaa – Ieiea?oii, o o?aioeocia – eiienna?
Iaa?y. Ieacuaaaony, o eeoaeoeaa oiaea anoue naie aaiee nunea – ain-
iiaeei Iyi, i?ioioei eioi?iai aeaenoaeoaeueii aeee a XVII-XVIII
aaeao a eiia?aoi?neii Eeoaa e aicaeaaeye iaeei ec oacaeia no?a-
A, >s iu. Ainiiaeei Iyi ieacaeny i?iieoeaoaeueiui iieeoeaeneei
n254)j oe ?anneaaeiaae iiiaeanoai naiuo caiooaiiuo i?anooieaiee.

Iaeiaaeaeu ii ?anneaaeiaae aeaei i aeaieiii oaeenoaa – ioae/e-
iu e iieiaeie aeaiueiu. AEaiueia auea caaeooaia, a ioae/eia
iaacaeaaeai, i?e/ai aieiau ieaaea ia auei, oae /oi aai iaeuecy auei
iiiciaoue. AEaiueio aea iiiciae aa ioaoe, eioi?ue neacae, /oi iin-
eaaeiaa a?aiy iia aeeea ni naiei ioaeai ii eiaie ssi Aoai/aee. Ioae
oaeoie, anoanoaaiii, io?eoeae naith i?e/anoiinoue e i?anooieaieth,
oioy aai iiaaaeaiea aucaaei o ainiiaeeia Iyia iiaeic?aiea. A oi a?a-
iy eiaaea aue iaia?oaeai o?oi aai aeaiu, ii ?acaeaeaeny n oi?i-
oaiueeie ninaaeeie – ainiiaeie Ee. Ioae aa, niaeanii iieacaieyi
iiae?oaeee ssi Aoai/aee, ianeieueei aeiae iacaae oaoae ca oiaa?aie
e aa?iaony ia nei?i. Ana yoi iaaiaeeei ainiiaeeia Iyia ia iuneue,
/oi iieiaeua ethaee, naiai?eaoenue, oaeee naieo noi?oaia, /oiau
aeeoue aianoa.

Ii i?eeacae iiaeaa?aiooue iiaeic?aaaaiiai Aoai/aee aeii?ino n
i?eno?anoeai, ii oio oii?ii ianoaeaae ia naiae iaaeiiaiinoe e
e?e/ae, /oi aai auetho iacaneoaeaiii. Iaaeaeo oai yaiuo oeee i?i-
oea Aoai/aee e ainiiaee Ee o Iyia ia auei, e ii ?aoee eciaieoue
oaeoeeo iiaaaeaiey. Ii i?eeacae i?ae?aoeoue aeii?in, ecaeieeny
ia?aae ssi Aoai/aee ca iiaie e aeaaea auaeae aio aeaiaaeioth eiiiai-
naoeeth ca i?e/eiaiiue ii?aeueiue oua?a. Iinea /aai ii ioion-
oee iiaeic?aaaaiuo aeiiie. Ia i?iuaiea ii neacae ssi Aoai/aee:

A?anoiaaiiua iiaeaaiaea?eee Iyia e ioi?aaeeenue ainaiyne.
Ii oeo?ue ainiiaeei Iyi iai?aaee ii eo neaaeai naiaai eo/oaai
nuueea. Oio iaia?oaeee, /oi iie iioee a aeii e ainiiaea Ee. Nu-
uee inoi?iaeii ioeeaee aoiaao ia ieiao eo aeiia e oaeaeae, /oi
iie aanaei ie?otho ca aiaaoi iae?uoui noieii. Ainiiaea Ee iiae-
eeaaea ssi Aoai/aee aeii ni neiaaie: . Oio ioaa/ae: . AEaiueia i?iecianea: , – e iia
iiaeianea eoaie n aeiii e aoaai ssi Aoai/aee. Oneuoaa ana yoi,
nuuee ai?aaeny a eiiiaoo e caeiaae caoaa/aiiuo a?anieio i?a-
nooiieeia.

A aeaiiii ?anneaca ainiiaeei Iyi i?eoai?eeny, /oi iiaa?ee
?inneaciyi ssi Aoai/aee, e oai naiui canoaaee oiai ?anneaaeoue-
ny e oo?aoeoue aaeeoaeueiinoue. I?eeeioaoenue i?inoa/eii, Iyi i?i-
yaee ioae?inoue e oai naiui iaiaioe oaeeoeo, canoaaea oiai i?i-
aiai?eoueny.

Auaoee i?ioanneiiaeueiue ea?oi/iue ea?ie yeno?a-eeanna
Aiaoieee Aa?aaea?o a naiae eieaa iaiaeiie?ao-
ii ieoao, /oi oi?ioi ea?aoue a ea?ou aua iieaeaea. Aeey oiai /oiau
auea?aoue, ioaeii oaaaeeoue iioaioeeaeueiiai ia?oia?a, /oi ou ea?a-
aoue ia eo/oa aai. A aio yoa caaea/a ii?ith ieacuaaaony aanueia ia-
i?inoie. Iiyoiio i?ioanneiiaeueiua ea?iee auioaeaeaiu i?eaaaaoue
e ?acee/iui oeo?inoyi, /oiau caiaieoue naieo aea?oa ca ea?oi/-
iue noie. Iaeioi?ua ooea?u aeinoeaaee a yoii eneonnoaa iiaeeei-
iiai niaa?oainoaa, iaiaiuaay ia oieueei iaeaiuo , ii e
naieo , /oi oeaieeinue ai?acaei auoa, aea -‘ _
e i?eiineei eoaea aieueoee aeioiae. IJ255J

Aio i?eia? ec aai eieae:

<...ia i o aoiaea a naiii ceiaiiiii ethaeneie ia ianoa noiye naeueneee iaiuneeiuo ii- einaouo ooaiao n iioiae eieai iaiuneeiii e ieae- aeaea au einiyuainy io iai niioaaonoaoth- uae einothiiiio ainaiaeth eaiea iaaae ea eneae auai ecaeaeae naao aiaeee eo niaea oanaiee aaca eaeoaioeee aoaeeea iiniaie ieaoie eioi aeieaeii auoue iaoe naii- ae. aae canaeaiioth eioiaooth eieiaeo noiieo oie- noaiioth eoith ecaea aaue iaeaii aeiaa aea iiea aaoy iinaye neaaeei iini aicieeoee iiaeea iaeei ec oicyaa yoiai naiiai othoiiai iiae nieioeai. oi ioicaaeny iieneia. ee ecoieeny ni io. ouoi iiaeoaeeiaaeii naee- ny aiai iiaeioaaeoee. oa eae ninaaeo ieaoaiue iiaeoaa aeee oyiooue. caiaiee yoio iiaeoaeei ioaee aai iaa ainaiiaaeoeaoue oooe. einue ieaoeoue. iioiio eee auea iayno>.

24. Iiaea?anuaaiea eiaeiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa. Aeaaii ecaanoii,
/oi /aeiaae ai?acaei aieueoa aeiaa?yao eaeayi, aicieeathuei a aai
nianoaaiiie aieiaa, iaaeaee oai iuneyi, eioi?ua i?aiiaeiinyo
aio ae?oaea ethaee. Iiyoiio iiuoiua iioaiieee anaaaea noa?a-
thony ecaaaaoue i?yiiai aeaaeaiey ia naith aea?oao, a i?aaeii/eoa-
tho einaaiiia aicaeaenoaea ia aai ia?ac iuneae. Aeey yoiai iie
eae au iaia?ieii iiaea?anuaatho aio ii?aaeaeaiioth eioi?ia-
oeeth, auaiaeu ec eioi?ie ii aeieaeai naeaeaoue nai. Eneonnoai eio-
?eae ninoieo eae ?ac a oii, /oi i?e a?aiioiie iiaea/a ii?aaea-
eaiiuo oaeoia iaiaiuaaaiue /aeiaae aeieaeai naeaeaoue eiaiii
oa iaeiicia/iua auaiaeu, ia eioi?ua e ?ann/eouaaao iaiaiuee.
A eaeie-oi ia?a yoi iaiiieiaao oaoiaoioth ea?o, aaea iiuoiue
a?inniaenoa?, iiaenoaaeyy iiae oaea? naie iaoee eee ia?i/eoi
?ane?uaay oeaiae, a eoiaa noaaeo iao aeiaa?/eaiio i?ioeaie-
eo. I?e yoii aeieaeii auoue iaeii iaycaoaeueiia oneiaea – aeiea-
caoaeuenoaa aeieaeiu auoue iiaea?ioaiu eae au neo/aeii, iaiaayc-
/eai, einaaiii, ia iai?yioth, oieueei oiaaea iie ia aucuaatho ii-
aeic?aiey .

A ?iiaia a?aoa Naeeana anoue yieciae, eiaaea nai
Eaeeino?i – yoio ei?ieue i?ioiaeeioeaa e ienoeoeeaoi?ia – iae
aea?oaie iaiaia ni noi?iiu ae?oaie, ia iaiaa eiaeie aaaioth?eno-
ee – a?aoeie Eaiio. Ae ioaeii auei iiae?oaeeoueny n Eaeeino?i,
e iia naeaeaea yoi, ciay aai neaaia ianoi – ai?y/aa aeaeaiea auoue
i?aaenoaaeaiiui i?e ei?ieaaneii aeai?a. Aanueia iaiaayc/eai iia
aeaea iiiyoue eoaeueyioeo, /oi iiaeao yoi naeaeaoue, e i?iaeaeaiiue ii-

i,–e, oaiiee eoieeny ia oeiaeo a?aoeie. Ii eo/oa i?aaeinoa-

[256JJ aei neiai Aaaaieth Naeeano:

.

?acoiaaony, caienea auea iiaeaeaeueiie, ii aeey aaaioth?enoee
yoi ia eiaei cia/aiey. Aeaaiia, /oi iinea oaeie einoeaie?iaee
Eaeeino?i aue a aa aeanoe.

Aeey ae?oaiai i?eia?a iiaeii ia?aoeoueny
e iaoae enoi?ee.

I/aiue ethayo i?eiaiyoue eiaeiua aeieacaoaeuenoaa ?acee/iua
iioaiieee, aoa?enou, iaia?noi/ieee, ea?oi/iua ooea?u. Aeey
yoiai iie oiaei iieuecothony oneoaaie , eioi-
?ua ?acua?uaatho oeaeua noeaiee, iai?aaeythuea oiae iunee
a iaiaoiaeeiii aeoeeeai iai?aaeaiee. Ia nae?ao, /oi iniiaioth
?ieue a a?eaaaea iaia?noi/ieeia Ea?aao ia nai iaieioeyoi? oa?e-
eaie, oae iacuaaaiue ieaeiee, e ia aaiaeeou ec a?eaaaeu io?aiu,
oniieaeaathuea ia a ia?o ?aoeauo iaoaea/ieeia. Iao, iniiaiie
i?eoie oaeueiuo aeaiaa iaania/eaatho eiaiii , eia-
ei ?acua?uaathuea , eioi?ui aeooei iiaacei. Anee iie nua?atho anoanoaaiii e oaeaio-
eeai, anee noiatho caaea/ue o c?eoaeae aca?o eaaeiai iaiaauaiey –
aeaei aieueoae /anoueth aoaeao naeaeaii, e iioaeoo a ea?iai e iioai-
ieeai caaaoiua aeaiaaeee.

Aiaoieee Aa?aaea?o a eieaa ieoao, /oi
eiiaaea, iaua?uaay a ea?ou i?inoaeia, i?eoiaeeeinue i?eaaaaoue e
?acee/iui o?theai, /oiau ecaiaoue ec aieiau iiaeic?aiea
a naiai?a ia?oia?ia. .

Iaaei ioiaoeoue, /oi ia oieueei iioaiieee iieuecothony a naiae
aeayoaeueiinoe i?eaiii ,
eiiaaea e iaio a neeo ianoiyoaeuenoa i?eaaaatho e aiieia ethaee. Oae, ieaeai?eaaaeaiioth aeeoaeneoth enoi?eth y
oneuoae a aaaiia iiacaea Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a-Ai?iiaae. Iooue aue
aeieaee, e iannaaee?u ei?ioaee aai a ?acaiai?ao. Iaeia aeaiueia
?anneacuaaea naiae ninaaeea, eae aa aei/ue iaiaiii aeeiaiou io iooea naiaai ?aaaiea. |[257J

9 aoa.I821

Yoa iieiaeay aeaiueia eiaea aei/ue io ioae/eiu, n eioi?ui ia
auea ca?aaeno?e?iaaia a a?aea. Ioaoe ?aaaiea aeee a ae?oaii ai-
?iaea e ec?aaeea iaaauae eo, ii i?aeoe/anee ia ieacuaae ieea-

eie iiiiue. Iaoue aeaai/ee iiieiaea, /oi aeey acuneaiey aee-
iaioia a noaeaaiii ii?yaeea o iaa iao ?aaeueiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa, e
iiyoiio ?aoeea eo aeiauoue. Anoanoaaiii, /oi iia iinoa?aeanue,
/oiau aa iaia?aiey inoaeenue oaeiie aeey iooea ?aaaiea. N iei iia
ieeiaaea ia caaiaa?eaaea ia aeeiaioao e oai naiui i?eooieea
aai aaeeoaeueiinoue. N yoiai iiiaioa iia noaea ouaoaeueii niae?aoue
ana ienueia e caienee io iaai, iniaaiii oa, aaea oiiieiaeanue aea-
ai/ea. Ana noa?ua caienee, a oii /enea iieo/aiiua ai a?aiy i?a-
auaaiey a ?iaeaeiia, auee oaeaea . Caoai iia,
eae au iaaeaeo i?i/ei, iii?ineea naiaai i?eyoaey iineaoue aei/-
ea iaaieueoie ia?aaiae – , i?inoi eae
ciae aieiaiey e naiaio ?aaaieo. Iia iioeae?iaaea naith i?inueao
oai, /oi ae aoaeao i?eyoii iieo/eoue iaaieueooth noiio e iio?a-
oeoue aa ia neaaeinoe aeaai/ea eee ia ea?ooee. Anoanoaaiii, /oi
?ano?iaaiiue iaii/ea ia niia ioeacaoue a oaeie iaaeiiie
i?inueaa, oai aieaa /oi iia aieueoa ia iiaoi?yeanue. A yoii ia auei
iaiaoiaeeiinoe; Oeo?ioiiay iaia noaea a?aiy io a?aiaie naia
iinueaoue naaa iaaieueoea noiiu aeaiaa io eiaie naiaai ae?oaeea.
E oieueei eiaaea oaeeo ia?aaiaeia neiieeinue ec?yaeiia eiee/anoai,
iia iaiyea oi?ioaai aaeaieaoa e ia?aoeeanue a noae n i?inueaie i?e-
ciaoue aai iooeianoai.

E naiaio cayaeaieth iia i?eeiaeeea ana aai ienueia, caienee e
aeaiaaeiua ia?aaiaeu. Eiaaea ia noaea yoe aeieoiaiou auee i?aaenoaa-
eaiu a ea/anoaa aauanoaaiiiai aeieacaoaeuenoaa, ia?aiue noae ana
io?eoeaoue. Oiaaea aaeaieao enoeoeu i?aaeuyaee aio eaeoaioeeth ia?-
aiai e aaeeinoaaiii enoeiiiai, oiai naiiai
ia?aaiaea.

– Yoi aao ia?aaiae?

-Iie.

– A yoi /uee aea? – Aaeaieao iieacae ia/eo eaeoaioeee ia?a-
aiaeia e iaoa?e ?aaaiea, iineaiiuo io aai eiaie.

– Ia ciath.

Anoanoaaiii, a aeacao noaeuee yoi auaeyaeaei niaa?oaiii iana-
?ueacii, a oi/iaa, eae iaaeia ioie?aoaeuenoai i?e i/aaeaeiuo oee-
eao.

Ia?aiue, aeaey, eae aai eiaei iaaaee aie?oa iaeueoea, noae auoi-
aeeoue ec naay, e?e/aoue, /oi iie ana ie/aai ia iiieiatho, /oi ana
iiaeno?iaii e noaeuey a caaiai?a n enoeoeae. A eoiaa ii aua aieueoa
iano?iee noaeueth i?ioea naay.

Aeaey, /oi ieeoi aio ia aa?eo, ia?aiue noae ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi a
iiiaio ca/aoey aeaai/ee ii iaoiaeeeny a ae?oaii ai?iaea, ?aaioae
ia i?iecaiaenoaa e iiyoiio ia iia noaoue iooeii ?aaaiea. Ian/ano-
iue ia ciae, /oi aai auaoay iiae?oaa ia?aae ia/aeii noaea iinaoe-
ea ioaeae eaae?ia aai caaiaea e aeinoaea auieneo ec i?eeaca, niaean-
ii eioi?ie a yoi a?aiy ii /eneeeny a ioionea. Aai niiaa aunoaaeee
eae iouyaeaiiiai eaoia. Eii/eeinue ana i?enoaeaeaieai aeeiaioia,
eioi?ua ii eni?aaii ieaoeo aei neo ii?.
‘.–.s Oae iineaiiua naiie naaa aeaiueae ?aoeee enoiae noaeaaii-
[258 jj ai ?acae?aoaeuenoaa.

Iaeiaei eeanne/aneei i?eia?ii iiaea?anuaaiey aeieacaoaeuenoa
ii i?aao n/eoaaony o?aaaaeey Oaenie?a .
Eiaa?iue ssai aue ia ianoieueei aeoi, /oiau iai?yioth niiaueoue
Ioaeei ia eciaia aai aeaiu. Iao, ii naeaeae oae, /oi iuneue i ae-
iiaiinoe Aeacaeaiiiu aicieeea o iaa?a. I?aaeinoaaei neiai naii-
io Aeeueyio Oaenie?o:

ssai (au?uaay ieaoie)
Iiaea?ioo Eannei.
Ionoue naie ieaoie

Oaeaeeo iaa? a eaa?oe?a eaeoaiaioa.
?aaieaoea oaaaeaeaao anyeee acaei?,
Eae aeiaiaeu nayuaiiiai ienaiuey.
N?aceo e yoio. Iaa?a ia ociaoue,
Oae aeaenoaoao oaea iiy io?aaa.
Niiiaiuey ?acai?athony ia aae?oa,
A iaaeeaiii, eae na?a iiae caieae.

Eoia oie eiaa?iie eaee ecaanoai anai: ?aaieaue ioae caaeooee
naith iaaeiioth aeaio, a iioii caeieieny nai. Ionthaea iai?aoeaa-
aony auaiae: iieo/ea a naie ?oee aeieacaoaeuenoaa /ueae-oi aeiu, ca”
aeoiaeoanue ia iaiiaaiea, ia iiaea?ioaiu ee iie aai niaoeeaeueii e
ia nouanoaotho ee ethaee, aeey eioi?uo aeaaii?eyoii aeaiiia ?acae-
oea niauoee.

25. Nicaeaiea . Eiiaaea iaoiae iiaeaa?aaaony iiaeeoeeaoeee,
i?aa?auaynue oaea a ae?oaie i?eai – , i?e eioi-
?ii iiaea?anuaaaiua aeieacaoaeuenoaa neoaeao oieueei iaeiie oeaee –
iioaioeeaeueiie aea?oaa, eee, eae aiaa?eaae
iacaaaaiiue Eiiaiaei?, . I?eia? oaeiai io-
aeaeathuaai iaiaa?a y iaia?oaeee a eieaa ainiiieiaiee ecaano-
iiai ?onneiai ooaeiaeieea Eiinoaioeia Ei?iaeia. Ciaiaieoue
?onneee aaeaieao ia/aea XX aaea O. I. Ieaaaei eae-oi ?anneacae
Ei?iaeio ia iaeiii neo/aa iaaeiai a?aaaaea, a eioi?ii aue caia-
oai ciaiaieoue i?anooiiee oiai a?aiaie – ?aiiiue aaeao>
Oiaea?. o

.

Eiaaea aeaei eaeao i aeinoaoi/ii e?oiiie noiia, eiaeea i?anooi-
ieee eaeoo ia naiua eciu?aiiua auaeoiee, aeey oiai /oiau ia nioa-
iooue iioaioeeaeueiiai eeeaioa e onuieoue aai aaeeoaeueiinoue. I?e
yoii aeiaieueii /anoi eniieuecoaony i?eai, eioi?ue y iacuaath . Ae?oaeie neiaaie, iaiaiueee
i?e iiiiue iaeeeo, ii au?aceoaeueiuo aeaoaeae nicaeatho aie?oa
naiae aea?oau oaieie oaeueoeaiai i?ino?ainoaa, eioi?ue aeieaeai
i?eaeaoue neiaai e aeaenoaeyi i?anooiieeia iniaoth oaaaeeoaeueiinoue.

Yoi i?iecioei ieiei noa eao iacaae. Ionoaaiie aee?aeoi? na?a-
oianeie aeiiacee Ieoaee Ineiiae/ Aeeieaae/ i?eaoae a noiee-
oeo, /oiau i?eia?anoe naaa aeii. Ia?aae yoei ii i?iaeae naie aeii a
Na?aoiaa e e au?o/aiiie noiia i?eaaaee ana naie naa?aaeaiey.
Aio oaeaeinue nia?aoue noi aeaaaeoeaoue iyoue ouny/ ?oaeae – aeiaieueii
cia/eoaeueioth ii oai a?aiaiai noiio. A eiiaeeoa?neie ia Iaaneii
i?iniaeoa ii neo/aeii iiciaeiieeny n ecuneaiii iaeaoie aeaiie,
eioi?ay i?aaenoaaeeanue eae a?aoeiy Oei?io. ?acaiai?eaoenue,
Aeeieaae/ ?anneacae ciaoiie niaanaaeieoea i naieo ieaiao. Oa a io-
aao niiaueea, /oi aa ioae iaaeaaii iieo/ee iacia/aiea a Ia?eae
iineii Aai Aaee/anoaa e iie niae?athony i?iaeaoue naie iniaiye.
A?aoeiy niiaueea, /oi onooieo naie iniaiye ca 125 ouny/, e i?aae-
eiaeeea iniio?aoue aeii.

Ia aiecaea eo ano?aoeea ea?aoa n aa?aaie. Aeii ieacaeny ia-
noiyuei aeai?oeii e i?iaeaaaeny aianoa n naaeii, anaie oicyenoaai-
iuie iino?ieeaie, iaaaeueth e?aniiai aea?aaa e aeaeeioaeie. Aeai-
?aoeeee a iaioae?aiiii ia?eea iiae/a?eeaae a?enoie?aoeci oicy-
aa. Ai a?aiy iniio?a aeiia e a?aoeia n iieeiiii iiaeioea
neoaeaiea e a?o/eea oaeaa?aiio ia na?aa?yiii iiaeiina. A?aoe-
iy, nineaaoenue ia neaaia c?aiea, iii?ineea i?i/eoaoue aa Aeeiea-
ae/a aneoo. Oio, ii/oeoaeueii i?iaioaoenue, ae?iaeauei aieinii
i?i/eoae:

.

Ooo aea a?aoeiy aianoa n auaoei aee?aeoi?ii aeiiacee ioi?a-
aeeenue a iioa?eaeueioth eiioi?o, aaea iie caeeth/eee aeiaiai? i eoi-
ea-i?iaeaaea. Aeeieaae/ ioaeae ana naie naa?aaeaiey e ioi?aaeeny
oeiiioaoue i ia?aacaea a iiaue aeii.

*a?ac aeaa iaaeaee na?aoianeiai /eiiaieea aeaeae oaea?. Iinea
iiacaeee ec Eoaeee aa?ioeenue ianoiyuea oicyaaa yoiai iniaiyea,
a?oeoaeoi?u a?aouey A?oaiueaau, naeaaoea ia a?aiy naiaai iooa-
oanoaey aeii aiaai. Ana a yoie enoi?ee ieacaeinue oaeueoeaui: a?a-
oeiy Oei?io, ?ieue eioi?ie nua?aea Niiueea Cieioay ?o/ea, eo/a?
e aeai?aoeeee, a naiia aeaaiia – iioa?eaeueiay eiioi?a n iioa?eo-

.–e, nii, eioi?iai aeanoyua ecia?acee ia?aue ioae Niiueee –

[260JJ neoiuee e?aaeaiiai Eoeea ?icaiaeaae.

Yoa aoa?a i?ioea oieueei iioiio, /oi Aeeieaae/ e ia iiaeoiae
i?iaa?eoue noieue uaae?oth a?aoeith, i?iaeathuoth iaciaeiioeo aeii
ca iieoeaiu. Aio oae oiaei caii?ioeee aeaca iaeeeie, ii au?a-
ceoaeueiuie aeaoaeyie oeia aeai?aoeeiai, ea?aou n aa?aaie eee oa-
eaa?aiiu ec-ca a?aieoeu, /oi ii ia caiiaeic?ee iaiaia.

Noieue ouaoaeueiia eiino?oe?iaaiea ia
anaaaea iaiaoiaeeii. Aeey i?inoaeia auaaao aeinoaoi/ii e iieoia?.
I?e yoii aeaei aeioiaeeo aei aiaeaeioia. Iai?eia?, a eiioea i?ioei-
ai aaea iaeiiio i?iaeioeeaeueiiio eoioeo iiaeiaiui ia?acii Ia?niai iiea- ieaoe, aaea i?iaiaeeeenue o/aiey e ia?aaeu
aiene Iaoa?ao?aneiai aa?ieciia. Ii i?eaoae ec Ayoee n iaia?a-
ieai i?eia?anoe caiaeueiue o/anoie a noieeoea. Iioaiieee, oc-
iaa ia yoii, i?eaeaneee aai a ?anoi?ai, iaiieee e i?aaeeiaeeee
i?eia?anoe oi?ioee o/anoie – Ia?niai iiea. Ii iaaeinoe yoi
auei ana ?aaii /oi i?aaeeiaeeoue eoieoue Iaaneee i?iniaeo eee
Aeai?oeiaue iino, ii eoi/eia iaei ?acae?aeny a aeinoii?eia/aoaeue-
iinoyo Iaoa?ao?aa. Aoa?enou auno?i i?aaieciaaee oaeueoeaoth
iioa?eaeueioth eiioi?o ni naieie iinaoeoaeyie e iieoiaoaeyie,
iieacaee Ia?niai iiea, ioi?ieee oneiaey iieoiee, iiaeienaee,
iinoaaeee ia/aoe, acyee aeaiueae e iaiuee naeaeeo a ?anoi?aia.
Oo?ii, i?iniaaoenue n iioiaeuey, eoiaoe i?eoae ia Ia?niai iiea
e oaeaeae, /oi oai eaeoo caiyoey eaaaea?enoia. Eoiaoe iio?aaiaae
io ioeoea?a iaiaaeeaiii iieeiooue aai o/anoie, a a aeieacaoaeuenoai
i?aaeuyaee aeieoiaiou i eoiea-i?iaeaaea. Iaae iei niayeenue aeaaea
eioaaee…

Nae/an ae?oaea a?aiaia, e iioaiieee iiaeaeaeuaatho ia oieueei
iioa?eaeueiua eiioi?u, ii e aaieiiaou (aiia?aou aeey iaiaee/e-
aaiey aeaiaa n e?aaeeoiuo ea?oi/ae). Aio enoi?ey, i?eaaaeaiiay a
aeo?iaea .

Ia oae aeaaii a Eiiaeiia auee a?anoiaaiu aeaa a?eoaioea, eioi-
?ua niaa?oeee ia?aia a i?aeoeea aaieia ie?a iioaiie/anoai n
iiiiuueth oaeueoeaiai aaieiiaoa. Iie onoaiiaeee ioee/ioth iiae-
aeaeeo aaieiiaoa, eioi?ue aaaeeeai ioeacuaae eeeaioai a auaea-
/a aeaiaa, ii caiiieiae iiia?a e ieiu eo e?aaeeoiuo ea?oi/ae.

Iinea yoiai iioaiieee ii iiaeaeaeueiui e?aaeeoiui ea?oi/-
eai, iieuecoynue ciaieai ieiia, nieiaee aeaiueae a ianoiyueo aai-
eiiaoao. A eoiaa iie oe?aee ieiei. 120 000 ooioia. AEa?oaai ii-
oaiie/anoaa aeaiueae aaieaie eiiiaine?iaaiu, ii oe?aaeaiiua
aeaiueae iiea oae e ia iaeaeaiu.

Iioaiieee, eioi?uie ieacaeenue 31-eaoiee A?yoai Io?, nia-
oeeaeeno ii eiiiuethoa?ai, e Yioiie Oiaeaean, 37-eaoiee a?iea?, on-
oaiiaeee i/aiue oi?iooth iiaeaeaeeo aaieiiaoa ia oanaaea oaeie aea
oaeueoeaie a?iea?neie oe?iu a ainoi/iii Eiiaeiia. Iiiauaiea
eiioi?u auei ianoaaeaii i?ae?aniie iaaaeueth, yecioe/aneeie ?a-
noaieyie. A ?aaioaee aeaa aeaaooee, eioi?ua auee oaa-
?aiu, /oi yaeythony nio?oaeieoeaie aiieia nieeaeiie i?aaiecaoeee.

Aaieiiao, yeiau i?eiaaeeaaeauee ?aaeueii nouanoaothuaio
no?ieoaeueiiio iauanoao Halifax Building Society, auaeyaeae oae
i?aaaeiiiaeiaii, /oi a oa/aiea iaeioi?iai a?aiaie iaiaio iiaeaea-
eenue aeaaea iiiaea nio?oaeieee ?aniieiaeaiiiai iaiiaeaeaeo ioena
naiie eiiiaiee Halifax, iaeiie ec e?oiiaeoeo a A?eoaiee ^–>
e?aaeeoiuo i?aaiecaoeee. Aeey oaaaeeoaeueiinoe ia aaieiiaoa 11^.

auei iaienaii i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea, /oi i?e aceiia aiia?aoa n?aai-
– oaao neaiaeecaoeey a aeeaeaeoai iieeoeaeneii o/anoea. Aaieiia-
oii iieueciaaeenue iiiaea i?ioiaeea. Ii ia ye?aia iaoeiu anaaaea
iiyaeyeanue aaaeeeaay iaaeienue i oii, /oi o?ainaeoeee n aeaiueaaie
ia iiaoo auoue i?iecaaaeaiu. I?aaeaea /ai aa?iooue ea?oi/eo aea-
aeaeueoeo, iaoeia caiiieiaea aa ia?niiaeueiue eaeaioeoeeaoeeii-
iue iiia?. Yoe iiia?a aiineaaenoaee iaiineeenue ia iiaeaeaeueiua
ea?oi/ee, n iiiiuueth eioi?uo iioaiieeai oaeaeinue niyoue aieaa
120 000 ooioia /a?ac ianoiyuea aaieiiaou.

Iiaeic?aiey aicieeee o eiiiaiee Halifax, eiaaea aeaaeaeueoeu
ea?oi/ae iiaeaeiaaeenue a iaeei ec aa oeeeaeia ia i?iaeaiu n ii-
eiiaiiie iaoeiie. Ii aeaaea nio?oaeieee eiiiaiee nia/aea aeo-
iaee, /oi aaoiiao ianoiyuee. Eiaaea i?anooiieee /a?ac iyoue ia-
aeaeue ?aaiou aaieiiaoa ii/oanoaiaaee iaeaaeiia, iie iaioee aai-
eiiaou a ianeieueeeo ai?iaeao Aiaeee e nia?aee aeaiueae aieaa /ai
n nioie n/aoia.

A oiaea ?anneaaeiaaiey iioaiie/anoaa iaa oeo?ioiiuo aiaee-
/aieia auee caaea?aeaiu. Ei i?aaeuyaeaii iaaeiaiea a caaiai?a n
oeaeueth iaiaiooue aaiee, no?ieoaeueiua iauanoaa e ae?oaea oeiai-
niaua i?aaiecaoeee.

Ae?oaie eeanne/aneee yieciae ii nicaeaieth i?iecioae a Eeoaa o?eiaaeoeaoue aaeia iacaae, ai a?aia-
ia i?aaeaiey eiia?aoi?a Oae Oecoia. I iai oiiieiaao Oa??i oii
Caiaa? a naiae eieaa.

Iaeiaaeaeu iiae aeeyieai naieo niaaoieeia eiia?aoi? ?aoee
i?aaei?eiyoue aeaeueiee iioiae aeey caaiaaaiey ainoaea?noaa Eiao?a
ia Ei?aeneii iieoino?iaa. Iaeiaei eiaaea ii ni naiae 300-ouny/-
iie a?ieae iiaeioae e aa?aao ii?y, aai ?aoeiinoue auea neeueii
iieieaaeaia. Ia?aae iei i?inoe?aeny aane?aeiee ii?neie i?i-
noi?, i?aiaeieaoue eioi?ue aio eacaeinue iaaiciiaeiui. Eiia?a-
oi? i?eeacae aieneo inoaiiaeoueny e noae ?acaeoiuaaoue, /oi aio
aeaeaoue aeaeueoa. Iaaniieiaiiua caaea?aeeie aiaia/aeueieee iii?i-
neee iaeiiai ec naiuo oeo?ioiiuo aaia?aeia Nthy AEaiueaoy, /oi-
au ii eae-oi iiaeeye ia ?aoeiinoue eiia?aoi?a.

Oio, iiaeoiaa, neacae, /oi iaoae ?aoaiea. Ii i?eeacae, /oi-
au ieeoi ec aienea ia niio?ae a noi?iio ii?y, a nai ia/ae iaia-
oiaeeiua i?eaioiaeaiey. Ia neaaeothuee aeaiue eiia?aoi?o niiaue-
ee, /oi aiaaoue e?anoueyiei, aeeaouee ia naiii aa?aao ii?y, ii-
aeaeae aiai?eoue n eiia?aoi?ii i aaaeiii aeaea, eanathuainy
iaania/aiey aienea i?iaeaioii. Ia?aaeiaaiiue eiia?aoi? ni nai-
ae naeoie ioi?aaeeny e aa?aao. Iaeiaei naiiai ii?y aicea aeiia e?a-
noueyieia ii ia oaeaeae, oae eae aeanyoue ouny/ eneonii ?aniieiaeai-
iuo iaeiioeaaoiuo iieioieu io iaeaoie cae?uaaee ana iiea c?a-
iey. Aiaaoue e?anoueyiei ii/oeoaeueii i?eaeanee eiia?aoi?a e
naaa a aeii. Iianthaeo aenaee aei?iaea caiaaane, a ia iieao eaaeaee
iuoiua eia?u. Eiia?aoi?o e aai naeoa iiaeaee aeia e caeonee,
ia/aeny ie?.

Oieueei /a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy, i?io?acaaa, eiia?aoi? oneu-
oae naeno aao?a e oaea?u aiei. Eoaee e naaoeeueieee ae?iaeaee e
ea/aeenue. Oaeeaeaiiue eiia?aoi? i?eeacae iaeiiio ec naieo neoa
n===^ ioaea?iooue caiaaan. Acaeyae aai oiae ia aaca?aie/iue ii?-
[262]) neie i?inoi?. -ni?inee ii. , – ioaaoeee aio niaaoieee.

Ionooiaoue auei iaeoaea, e eiia?aoi? i?eeacae i?iaeieaeeoue ii-
oiae.

Aeey nicaeaiey , a eioi?ii caiooaaony niciaiea aea?-
oau, ia iaycaoaeueii iaee/ea aieueoiai /enea noaoenoia. Ana-oaee
ia eaaeaeue ?yaeiaie iioaiiee iiaeao iicaieeoue naaa oi, /oi i?i-
aeaeaee ni naiei ainiiaeeiii i?eaeai?iua eeoaeneiai eiia?aoi-
?a. Aeo?eoue iiaeii e aaeaiai. Iaieioay eeethno?aoeey ia
oaio aiooaiey aeiaa?ey n iiiiuueth iiiaeanoaa iaeeeo aeaoaeae,”
iiiiiaeaiiiai ia ai?y/aa aeaeaiea aea?oau iaiaia i?eia?anoe
aaoiiiaeeue, iienaia a eieaa . I?e-
ia? yoio ioiineony e ia i/aiue aeaeaeiio a?aiaie anaiauaai aea-
oeoeeoa, eiaaea iieoiea aaoiiiaeey auea aeiaieueii cao?oaeieoaeue-
iui i?aaei?eyoeai, iaeiaei iniiaiua aai i?eioeeiu iiaoo auoue
eniieueciaaiu e a ae?oaeo eiiaeiaoeeyo, i?e eioi?uo aei?iainoi-
yuay aauue i?eia?aoaaony, eae aiai?eony, o iaciaeiii-
ai /aeiaaea. A yoii i?eia?a iioaiieee ?aaioatho a ia?a: e .

ciaeiieony n aea?oaie a oao ianoao, aaea iau/ii
i?iaeatho iiaea?aeaiiua aaoiiaoeiu. Ii aiai?eo, /oi ec iaeiie ec
oi/ae (eee ec-ca a?aieoeu, /oi a i?eioeeia ia aaaeii,
aeaaiia – nicaeaoue niioaaonoaothuoth aiaaiai, i?inoiaeoo-
iiai ioeoea?a, aeaeaeiai io anyeeo oeo?inoae e ia?aie/aiiiai ai
a?aiaie) i?eaoae iieeiaiee e oi/ao n?i/ii iaaei?iai i?iaeaoue naith
, oae eae aeieaeai aa?iooueny ia?aoii ia aeeeoaeueiue n?ie.

e aea?oaa iai?aaeythony e aeiio, ieiei eioi?iai
noieo (eae i?aaeei, eao/ee). I?e iiyaeaiee aea?oau.
ii iaiaaeeaiii caoiaeeo a iiaeuacae, aaea ca?aiaa ni?yoai ii?ooaeue n
aeiiaoieie oaii/eaie. nieiaao oi?iaiiue aaenooe,
eeoaeue, i?y/ao oo?aaeeo e aeaeao. A yoi a?aiy i?ineo
aea?oao iiaeiaeaeaoue ieiei iiaeuacaea, a nai yeiau iiaeieiaaony a
eaa?oe?o e . Yoa aeaoaeue ?aaioaao ia nicaeaiea o aea?o-
au aeiiieieoaeueiiai /oanoaa aeiaa?ey – oaia?ue ii , aaea
aeeaao aai ia?oia? ii naeaeea.

Nioneathony iioaiieee oaea aaeaiai. aiai?eo , /oi i?eaae iieoiaoaey, e ooiaeeo, iaauay iicaiieoue aio
ia neaaeothuee aeaiue. Iinea aeiaiai?aiiinoe i oeaia i?i-
neo aea?oao iiaeiaeaeaoue aieco, iiea ii ia?aiaeaiaony, a iioii – ii-
aoaoue a aieueieoeo, aaea ?aaioaao aai aeaia (o iaa, iie, aeieoiaiou e
eeth/e io iaoeiu). Iaaeaaaao a iiaeuacaea oo?aaeeo, iaoaue, oi?iai-
ioth aa?oithth iaeaaeaeo e auoiaeeo aiec.

Iie aaeoo a aieueieoeo. A ?oeao o oio aea ii?ooaeue.
Ii i?ineo aea?oao iiaeiaeaeaoue aieco e iiaeieiaaony ia yoaae. *a?ac’
iaeioi?ia a?aiy oaea aac oo?aaeee, ii a aaeii oaeaoa, eioi?ue
eaaeae a ii?ooaea, ii aica?auaaony n eeth/aie e oaoianii?oii ia
iaoeio. Aiai?eo, /oi iai anai aeiaiai?eeny n aeaiie. Ec oiai aea
ii?ooaey iiyaeyaony e n eieoeeaeaie
e oneiaiuie iaicia/aieyie. Oaeeie o ii-
oaiieeia, eae i?aaeei, neoaeao aue?ieee ec aeo?iaeia.

Inoaaea iiae caeia, aa- /.–.
?ao o aea?oau aeaiueae, /oiau yeiau ioianoe eo aeaia. Oaeei |[263]

ia?acii, iiacaeea a eiienneiiiue iaaacei e ioi?ieaiea aeieoiai-
oia ioeeaaeuaathony eae aoaeoi ia ianeieueei ieioo.

Iinea yoiai ooiaeeo a aieueieoeo n aeaiueaaie e en/a-
caao /a?ac ae?oaie auoiae. A aea?oaa inoaaony n aue?ieeie, oaoian-
ii?oii e eeth/aie, ii aac aeaiaa e iaoeiu.

*oi aea ioaeii iiiieoue, /oiau ia iiianoue ia oaei/eo iiaeiaiui
iioaiieeai? ?iiaiia, aaoi? eieae ,
niaaooao:

eee aeaaea i?anooiieea (?aaaiea iiaeii
oaiai?eoue nua?aoue yoo ?ieue ca ii?iaeaiia)>.

A iauai-oi ia yoii ienae e oaea ecaanoiue iai Aaeueoana? A?a-
neai ianeieueei noieaoee oiio iacaae:


eioi?iai aeaeao, a oai aieaa aeaaeaeao i?ioeaiee>.

26. Iaieioeyoeee n eioi?iaoeeiiiui iioieii. Nouanoaotho
?acee/iua niiniau iaieioee?iaaiey eioi?iaoeeae, a ?acoeueoa-
oa /aai o i?ioeaiie noi?iiu nicaeaaony eiaeiay iiaeaeue ie?oaeath-
uae aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Nouanoaoao oanoue iniiaiuo niiniaia ia-
?aaioee aeaiiuo: oiie/aiea, naeaeoeey, ia?aaea?aeaaiea, eneaaea-
iea, ia?aai?a/eaaiea, eiino?oe?iaaiea.

1) Oiie/aiea. Ia?aue niinia iaiaia caeeth/aaony a ooaeaa-
iee eioi?iaoeee io aa iieo/aoaey; aoi?ie – a ecae?aoaeueiii i?i-
ionea e ?aoeeieaioo oieueei auaiaeiie eiaeoeoi?o eioi?iaoeee; o?a-
oee – a niciaoaeueiii auiy/eaaiee e iiae/a?eeaaiee oieueei iae-
ieo, auaiaeiuo iaiaiueeo, noi?ii yaeaiey; /aoaa?oue – a
eneaaeaiee (yoi iiaeao auoue i?aoiaiueoaiea, i?aoaaee/aiea e ia-
?ooaiea i?iii?oeee); a iyoii i?ienoiaeeo caiaia ?iiai> ia
, a a oanoii neo/aa eiaeoeoi? nai auaeoiuaaao eiaeiua aeai-
iua, ia nouanoaothuea a ?aaeueiinoe. Aiciiaeiu oaeaea e eiiae-
,/,–e. ie?iaaiiua niiniau iaiaia – iai?eia?, naeaeoeey n en-
|[264E eaaeaieai ioaeaeueiuo noi?ii i?iioneaaiie eioi?iaoeee.

Eae iu aeaeei, ia?aue, naiue i?inoie, niinia iaiaia caeeth-
/aaony a ooaeaaiee eioi?iaoeee io aa iieo/aoaey. Iaaei ioiaoeoue,
/oi iaiaiii ii noaiiaeony, oieueei anee o ?aoeeieaioa oaea noua-
noaoao iai?aaeeueiia i?aaenoaaeaiea i eaeii-oi yaeaiee eee ni-
auoee, a eiaeoeoi? ia niiauaao aio enoeio, oioy ii naiaio nioee-
aeueiiio noaoono aeieaeai aue yoi naeaeaoue. Oi?iaeueii a yoii neo-
/aa eiaeue ionoonoaoao, iaeiaei ?acoeueoao iaeei – aaaaeaiea ae?oaiai
/aeiaaea a caaeoaeaeaiea. E oai ia iaiaa oaeie niinia iaiaia en-
noa?e n/eoaeny iaiaa iaaeui e ceiiaia?aiiui ii n?aaiaieth n
i?yiie eiaeueth. – aiai?eo ?onneay ia-
?iaeiay iineiaeoea.

E i?eaaaaao e naeaeaoaeue, anee ii ooa-
eaaao io neaaenoaey aaaeiua iiae?iaiinoe i?anooieaiey e oai na-
iui aaiaeeo i?aaiu i?aainoaeey a caaeoaeaeaiea, oioy oi?iaeueii e
ia aiai?eo iai?aaaeu. Oai ia iaiaa aei 1989 a. yoe aeaenoaey iiaeia-
aeaee iiae no. 190 OE ?O . A iiaii
yoa noaouey ecuyoa, iaeiaei eiaaony no. 308
. Ca oa-
eea aeaea iiaeii noeiiioaoue oo?ao aei 100 ieieiaeueiuo ?acia?ia
iieaou o?oaea eee eni?aaeoaeueiua ?aaiou ia n?ie aei iaeiiai aiaea.
Caiaoei, /oi aiaeiae/iay ae no. 182 noa?iai OE auea aieaa eeaa-
?aeueiie, ii?aaeaeyy oo?ao aei 1 (iaeiiai!) ieieiaeueiiai iany/ii-
ai ?acia?a iieaou o?oaea, a eni?aaeoaeueiua ?aaiou – ia n?ie aei
iieoaiaea. A ethaii neo/aa auaiae iaeei: a noaea eo/oa aiai?eoue i?aa-
aeo – naaa aei?iaea!

Eeanne/aneee i?eia? i?eaaaeai a ii-
aanoe A?eaaeey Aaeaea?a . Oai aeaoe a iueo nni?u au-
a?ineee a ieii e ia niiaee iaeoe aaaeioth oaeaa?aiio. Aeaeueoa
iie ianoaeaeatho neiaeeaoothny neooaoeeth:

.

I?i oaeaa?aiio iaoue ie/aai ia ciaea, iiyoiio, eiia/ii, ie-
/aai ia ni?ineea. Eiiaoe yoie enoi?ee ecaanoai – iaia n aeaoueie,
oae aeaaiiieo/ii ecaaaeaaoeie a?aiuey, ioi?aayony e iaia a Ne-
ae?ue, a iaiu oai ia ieaaeaony, i /ai ii, nianoaaiii, e niiauae a
oie naiie oaeaa?aiia. Oae ia neacaiiay aia?aiy i?aaaea ieaca-
eanue ?aaiicia/ia eaee.

Aeaa aiaea iacaae a ?aeiiiie aaeieieno?aoeee iaeiiai iaeanoiiai
ai?iaea i?iecioae aiaeaeioe/aneee neo/ae. A eaaeiaoa aeaaiiai
a?oeoaeoi?a iiioa? onoaiaaeeaae oaeaoii. Nai oicyei eaaeiaoa
auoae. A eiiiaoo aioae i?ineoaeue, aeaeathuee iieo/eoue ?ac?a-
oaiea ia iino?ieeo aa?aaea. I?eiya ianoa?a, eioi?ue oai a?a-
iaiai i?enae ioaeioiooue a /eiiaie/uea e?anei, ca a?oeoae-
oi?a, ii ia/ae aeieai e iooaii iauyniyoue naith i?iaeaio,

iaiaeay ia aiciaa?aaeaeaiea. Iiioa? nia/aea neooae aai, a iioii
ni?inee: Iinaoeoaeue auno?i ioaaoee: , – e i?ioyioe cayaeaiea. Ianoa? iiaeae iea/aie e ?anie-
naeny a oaeo eenoa. *aeiaae ai?y/i iiaeaaiaea?ee, noioe iiaoea-
oaio oaeaoiienoo iyouenio aeieea?ia a ea?iai ieaeaeaea e auno?i
oaeaeeeny. Iaaei?acoiaiea auynieeinue oieueei /a?ac aeaa ianyoea,
eiaaea n/anoeeaue iaeaaeaoaeue ?ac?aoaiey oaea caeai/eaae iino-
?ieeo aa?aaea ia?aae naiei aeiiii. Yoi oeie/iue neo/ae , eioi?ue a?yae ee iiaeiaaeaao iiae no. 288 OE ?O
(), eai oaeia aeay-
iea, ai-ia?auo, <...ia iiaeaeei nouanoaaiiiai ia i e caeiiiuo eioa a eee>, i?aaeoniio?ai-
iiai aeaiiie noaoueae, a ai-aoi?uo, oai ionoonoaiaaei
aaaeue oaeaoiieno e ia auaeaaae naay ca aeaaiiai a?oeoaeoi?a ?aei-
ia, ii i?inoi inoaaee naie aaoia?ao, eiaaea aai ia yoii iii?ineee.

I?e yoii iaaei iiiieoue, /oi eioi?iaoeey iiaeao enoiaeeoue io
/aeiaaea ia oieueei a ?a/aaie oi?ia, ii e ii oae iacuaaaiui ia-
aa?aaeueiui eaiaeai: /a?ac aeanou, ieieeo, ae?iaeaiea iaeueoeaa
?oe, eciaiaiea ?eoia aeuoaiey e /anoiou na?aeoeaaeaiey e o. ae.
Anai iai ec ee/iie aeecie ciaeiia neooaoeey, eiaaea /aeiaae, ai-
ai?yuee iai?aaaeo, niouaiii oeuaaaony, aeaaay oai naiui iiaiae
caiiaeic?eoue aai a iaiaia. -aiai?yo aio iau/-
ii a oaeii neo/aa. E iaiai?io, iiuoiua ea?oi/iua ea?iee, a oai
aieaa ooea?a neaayony naiae niiniaiinoueth ea?aoue n aanno?anoiu-
ie eeoeaie, ia iicaieythueie eo ia?oia?ai aeiaaaeuaaoueny i ni-
aea?aeaiee eo ea?o.

Eaeei aea ia?acii iiaeii ?aaoee?iaaoue iioie oaeie iaaa?aaeue-
iie eioi?iaoeee? Ia?aoeiny aiiaue e Aeeaio Ieco e aai eieaa
:

Aanueia /anoi i?eaaaatho e enoi?eee, ia
aeaeathuea ii?oeoue aeaaii neiaeeaoothny no?ieioth e iai?ioeai-
?a/eaoth ea?oeio enoi?e/aneiai i?ioeanna eee ?aiooaoeeth aai aa-
?iaa. Oae, iai?eia?, ia?ac Aeaenaiae?a Noai?iaa o aieueoeinoaa
?onneeo ethaeae annioeee?oaony n iaeeeii aanno?aoiiai aieia, ai?-
oea ca iacaaeneiinoue iaoae ?iaeeiu. E iaei eoi caaeoiuaaaony i
oii, /oi, ii aieueoiio n/aoo, Noai?ia a iniiaiii o/anoaiaae a cao-
aaoie/aneeo aieiao ca i?aaeaeaie ?innee eee a iiaeaaeaiee inai-
aiaeeoaeueiuo ainnoaiee. Iai?eia?, ii aeoeaii o/anoaiaae a ?ac-
a?iia Ioaa/aaa e a aea?aayiiie eeaoea aeinoa-
aee aai a Iineao (yoio oaeo iau/ii ecuiatho ec oeieueiuo
. s o/aaieeia), a oaeaea aeanoiei iiaeaaee iieueneia ainnoaiea
[266]| 1795 a. Ieneieueei ia oiaeyy aeinoieinoa Noai?iaa eae aa-

eeeiai iieeiaiaeoea, iaaei ioiaoeoue, /oi ii aac aeaeinoe ?aca?iiee
aienea ainnoaaoeo iieyeia, caoaaoee Aa?oaao e o/eiee ?aca?ii
I?aae – i?aaeianouey iieueneie noieeoeu. Iaia?aiii oiae/eaay ia
yoeo oaeoao ec aeecie ciaiaieoiai iieeiaiaeoea, enoi?eee ii nooe
aeaea nicaeatho eiaeiue ia?ac yoiai /aeiaaea, ia iioiaeee ia ?aaeue-
iiai Noai?iaa – io/ayiiiai aieia, aethaeaiiiai a aieio e aioi-
aiai ae?aoueny n ethaui i?ioeaieeii, ionoue aeaaea e n?aaeathueiny
ca ni?aaaaeeeaia aeaei.

2) Naeaeoeey. Aoi?ie niinia – – oaea aieaa eciu-
?ai e, eae i?aaeei, niaoeeaeueii iaoeaeai ia iaiai aeiaa?/eauo eth-
aeae. Eiiaaea e iaio i?eaaaatho a neeo ianoiyoaeuenoa. Oae, iaeaio-
ia Aaeeeie Ioa/anoaaiiie aieiu iaoa ?acaaaeea iieo/aea io nai-
eo aaaioia eioi?iaoeeth i aioiayuainy iaiaaeaiee Aa?iaiee ia
NNN? (a oii /enea oeo?iaee ?. Ci?aa ec ssiiiee), iaeiaei e Noa-
eeio yoa eioi?iaoeey ia i?iioneaeanue. ?oeiaiaeeoaee iaoeo niaoe-
neoaea ciaee i?aaeoaaaeaeaiea Noaeeia ia yoio n/ao e io/ayiii aiy-
eenue aiaaa aiaeaey. Aio aeiiineee oieueei oi, /oi oeeaaeuaaeinue a
aai eiioeaioeeth, e oaeei ia?acii aaiaeeee a caaeoaeaeaiea.

Ae?oaei eeanne/aneei i?eia?ii ecae?aoaeueiiai iiaeoiaea e ei-
oi?iaoeee yaeyaony i?aaenoaaeaiea i ?iee O?ioeeiai a ?onneie en-
oi?ee. Ia i?ioyaeaiee iineaaeieo aeanyoeeaoee aai eiy auei iauae-
oii naiie iinouaeiie iaieioeyoeee. A niaaoneea o/aaieee iii ii-
iaaeaei oieueei oiaaea, eiaaea iienuaaeenue i?iiaoe O?ioeeiai, ii
enia?yeinue, eiaaea ?a/ue oea i aai aeinoeaeaieyo. Oae, niaa?oaiii
caiae/eaaeanue ia?iiiay ?ieue O?ioeeiai a i?iaaaeaiee ieoya?ue-
neiai ainnoaiey e i?aaiecaoeee E?aniie A?iee, ii caoi iiae?iaii
?anneacuaaeinue i iaaaoeaiie ?iee O?ioeeiai a n?uaa A?ano-Eeoia-
neeo ie?iuo ia?aaiai?ia n iaioeaie a 1918 aiaeo eee aai iaaeaea-
iee a?anoiauaaoue A?aiaiiia i?aaeoaeuenoai iaeaioia ieoya?ue-
neiai ainnoaiey.

Oi aea iiaeii neacaoue e i ae?oaeo – Eaia-
iaaa, Ceiiaueaaa e Aooa?eia. I Eaiaiaaa a niaaoneii oeieueiii
o/aaieea ienaeinue, /oi , ii ia aiai?eeinue, /oi aieueoaaeee ai aeaaa n Eaie-
iui eca?aee aai i?aaenaaeaoaeai II nuacaea Niaaoia, i?iaicaeanea-
oaai Niaaoneoth aeanoue.

Oae, i?iioneay a niciaiea ethaeae iaeio /anoue eioi?iaoeee
(i?aaaeeaie naiie ii naaa) e ia i?iioneay ae?oaoth /anoue, iiaeii
noi?ie?iaaoue o ieo eneaaeaiiua, eiaeiua i?aaenoaaeaiey i aeae-
noaeoaeueiinoe.

Ei aoi?ie oi?ia eneaaeaiey eioi?iaoeee iiaeii niaei ioia-
noe e oeaico?o, eioi?ay i?iioneaao oieueei oo eioi?iaoeeth, ei-
oi?oth ni/oao ioaeiie. A eieaa , aaea nia?a-
iu ?aaeeea e aeioiea cae?uoua a?oeaiua iaoa?eaeu, aiai?eony,
/oi oeaico?a – ecia?aoaiea ae?aaiaa, anaaaea noiyaoaa ia no?aaea
eioa?ania ainoaea?noaa. Oai ia iaiaa o ian aeaeea?e?iaaeinue, /oi
a NNN? oeaico?u iao. Naiia niaoiia auei a oii, /oi cai?auaiea
oiio?aaeaiey oa?ieia enoiaeeei eiaiii io
yoie oeaico?u, aac eioi?ie ia oi /oi aacaoa –
aeaaea iao/iay noaouey ia auoiaeeea. Oai ia iaiaa a Aieueoie Ni-
aaoneie Yioeeeeiiaaeee iao neiaa (i?i- ^ –
niio? ei??aniiiaeaioeee), a iiiyoea ioiineony |[267]

eneeth/eoaeueii e yenieoaoaoi?neei iauanoaai. Niaaoneay Aiai-
iay Yioeeeeiiaaeey a’noaouea i aiaiiie oeaico?a ooaa?aeaeaea, /oi Ie-
oya?ueneay ?aaiethoeey oie/oiaeeea oea?neoth e ao?aeoacioth oeaico-
?o, a aeey niaethaeaiey aiaiiie oaeiu onoaiiaeea iaeea , ia ooi/iyy, /oi aea yoi oaeia..

A ?aaeueiinoe aea aanoeaico?iue ia?eiae a ?innee nouanoaiaae
iaiueoa aiaea. Oaea 5 iiya?y 1918 aiaea ooaa?aeaeaaony no?oeoo?a Ii-
eaaiai ooaaa ?aaaiainiaaoa ?anioaeeee, iaeiei ec iiae?acaeaeaiee
eioi?iai noae aiaiii-oeaico?iue ioaeae. Ia?a/aiue naaaeaiee, niaea?-
aeaueo aiaiioth oaeio, aue aeinoaoi/ii aaeee e, e?iia /enoi ai-
aiiie eioi?iaoeee, aeeth/ae ethaua naaaeaiey, .

A oie aea eieaa a?oeaiuo iaoa?eaeia
i?eaiaeyony iiiai/eneaiiua no?iee ec ienai i?inouo ethaeae,
ecuyouo aiaiiie oeaico?ie a 1919 aiaeo. No?i/ee ?aciua, eiaaea
iauaeaiiua, eiaaea niaoiua, ia?aaeei o?aae/aneea. Iauaaeeiyao eo
iaeii – aei iieo/aoaeae iie ia aeioee, a ii?ie e iineoaeeee iiai-
aeii aeanoieiai i?aneaaeiaaiey eo aaoi?ia. I?e/ai iineaaeiea aea-
eiaaeenue ia i?eoaniaiey e?aniuo naiei ae?ocueyi e ?iaenoaaiie-
eai, eioi?ua a E?aniie A?iee neoaeeee, i?ieeaaee e?iaue ca . Aio ia yoie aeecie iie e ia aeieaeiu auee ociaoue
?aiueoa a?aiaie. Iai?eia?, oaeea ecuyoua no?iee^-^

. (Iiaeieueneay ao-
aa?iey, Ai?iae/e. 24 iay 1919 a.).

(*a?aiiaaoeeay aoaa?iey, Oeoaei, aac aeaou).

(Oaa?neay aoaa?iey, Oi?aeie, 18 ethey 1919 a.).

3) Ia?aaea?aeaaiea. Yoi oaeie niinia iiaea/e eioi?iaoeee, eia-
aea i?eaeaeaaony aieiaiea e eaeiio-oi iaeiiio, iaeaieaa auaiae-
iiio aeey enoi/ieea eioi?iaoeee, naienoao i?aaeiaoa eee yaeaiey,
i?e/ai ii?ie aaiaeueiua aaue oiaei iiaeathony eae aaee/aeoea
ioe?iaaiey. I?eia?ii iiaeao auoue ?aeeaia iinoaeu ,
iaiau/ii aunieay noieiinoue eioi?ie aucuaaao iaaeioiaiea iio?a-
aeoaeae. Iaoaieci oaeie ?aeeaiu iiae?iaii ?acia?ai a noaouea
, iioaeeeiaaiiie a o?aoueai iiia?a aacaou
ca 1996 aiae.

Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay yenia?oii-eiinoeueoaoeeiiiay neoaeaa (IYEN),
eco/ea ?aeeaiiua cayaeaiey oe?iu, onoaiiaeea, /oi aea-
eaei ia ana a ieo niioaaonoaoao enoeia, a /anoue eioi?iaoeee yaey-
aony i?inoi oiaeui ia?aaea?aeaaieai oaeoia. Iai?eia?, oe?ia
ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi i?e i?eaioiaeaiee ieue a eo iinoaea iieiinoueth
nio?aiythony ana aeoaieiu e ieia?aeueiua niee. Ii aaaeue ieia-
?aeueiua niee A I?EIOeEIA ia iiaoo ieeoaea aeaoueny ec ETHAIE
,–^ iinoaeu, ec /aai au iia ie auea ecaioiaeaia – ec aethie-
[268 JJ iey, iaaee eee aeeiu. I?e eeiy/aiee ieia?aeueiua niee

inaaeatho ia aeii, e a yoii iao ie/aai oi?ioaai aeey iio?aaeoaey.
Auei au cia/eoaeueii eo/oa, anee au iie, iaiai?io, oaeaeyeenue,
ii oaeie /oaei-eano?thee iiea ia i?eaeoiaee.

Oaia?ue i aeoaieiao: eae iieacaea yenia?oeca IYEN, iie ?ac-
?ooaeenue. I?e iaa?aaaiee iaiuae a eano?thea aei 90 a?a-
aeonia eiee/anoai aeoaieia N a ieo nieaeaeinue ia 50%. I?e eeiy-
/aiee – aua aieueoa. Oae oae ono?iai yoio aeoaiei – i?e iaa?a-
aaiee ii ?ac?ooaaony, e ieeaeay noaeue caeanue ia iiiiaeao. Enoaoe,
i noaee. Oe?ia ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi i?iaeaao iinoaeo, ecaioiaeaiioth
ec , i?e
yoii iinoiyiii iiae/a?eeaaaony, /oi nieaa aaniethoii iaeo?aeai
e ia anooiaao ie a eaeea ?aaeoeee n ieuae. Ia naiii aea aeaea yoa
noaeue – iau/iay ia?aeaaaeea, aiaeiaii eioi?ie yaeyaony ia?aea-
aathuay noaeue oeia 04O18I10. Ii iaeii aeaei neacaoue ca iieoi?a ieeeeiia, a nianai ae?oaia –
.

Ii/oanoaoeoa ?acieoeo e… a aoaeouai ia iieoiaeoanue ia noieue
aeaoaaua i?eaiu!

E iaoiaeo * ia?aae a?aeaaiey> oanii i?eiueaao – nicaeaiea niioaaonoaothuaai ioi?ieaiey, i?aiiaeiinyuaai
yaeaiea iiae ii?aaeaeaiiui oaeii c?aiey.

Aio eae i?eiaiyee aeaiiue i?eai ciaiaieoua eieaeceoi?u
Oi?aiaa? e Einoeoi?en a , ?oeiaiaenoaa ii enei-
?aiaieth aaaeuei. A aeaaa, iinayuaiiie eieaeianoao, iie auaeaeaa-
ee a?aoe/aneea, n eo oi/ee c?aiey, iieiaeaiey, eioi?ua caoai ii-
?iaa?aaee i?e iiiiue aaoi?eoaoa o/aiuo-noieanoia e iooeia oea?e-
ae. I?e yoii ana iieiaeaiey, eioi?ua iie niae?aeenue ii?iaa?aaoue,
nii?iaiaeaeaee oie/eaeeoaeueiuie i?eeaaaoaeueiuie – , e o. ae. Oaeei ia?acii inouanoaeyaony i?aaeaa?e-
oaeueiay ineoieiae/aneay ia?aaioea /eoaoaeae, eioi?uo ca?aiaa
iano?aeaatho a iieueco aeaeaaiuo auaiaeia, ai?ei?ii i/a?iyy ii-
eiaeaiey eaeaieiae/aneeo i?ioeaieeia. Iai?eia?,

a naiae eieaa oiio?aaeytho neaaeothuea au?aaeaiey: .

<...i yoeo eaeao cae niuneo eaiiia ya- noaoao ec oea i>.

Oaeei ia?acii, aaoi?u eeoue ecia?aaeatho /an-
oiue iao/iue aeenioo iaaeaeo noi?iiieeaie e i?ioeaieeaie noaaa-
?ee. Ia naiii aeaea iie ca?aiaa iaaeiytho aoaenoia ai anao nia?o-
iuo a?aoao, i?aaeinoaaeyy /eoaoaeth eieae i?aai auai?a oieueei iae-
iie, ianiiiaiii eo nianoaaiiie, oi/ee c?aiey. Oa?enae – iie e
anoue oa?enae, a eo i?eaiu – eiaeue, aeaoee/ea e eca?auaiiay eiae-
ea – inoaeenue i?aaeieie ia i?ioyaeaiee ii/oe aeaoo ouny/aeaoee
ni a?aiai O?enoa. Iie oieueei niaieee iaeaaeaeu, i?aa?aoea- -‘

oenue ec aiieoaeae Eenona a aai . |[269]

Aeey oiai /oiau iiiyoue, eaeei oaeiaiui eino?oiaioii aeey ia-
iaia yaeyaony , ia?aianainy ec 1487 aiaea a aiae
1954-e. ?ane?iai e iiniio?ei cia-
/aiea oa?ieia . (Iaiiiith, /oi a oi a?aiy oee aiiaiey ia
aeieiaia-aaiaoeeia, eioi?uo iaaeiyee ai anao a?aoao – io i?i-
aeaaeiinoe ao?aeoaciie iaoea aei i?yiiai a?aaeeoaeuenoaa.) . Ia?aoeoa aieiaiea ia neiaa e , ei-
oi?ua iaecaaaeii aaei/eaatho a niciaiea /eoaoaey iuneue i eiae-
iinoe iiiyoey aaia. A caaa?oaaony eaeaieiae/aneay ia?aaioea
ieii/aoaeueiui i?eaiai?ii: .

A ?acaeaea, iinayuaiiii o?iiiniiai, aiai?eony: . Niaeaneoanue, /oi iiaeoiae aiieia aiaeiae/ai i?e-
iaiaiiiio a . Oai auei: I?eaiai? auianai aua aei ianoaeaeaiey nouanoaa aeaea
e iaaeaeiaaieth ia iiaeeaaeeo.

4) Eneaaeaiea. Eneaceoue eioi?iaoeeth iiaeii ?acee/iuie nii-
niaaie. Naiue i?inoie – eiee/anoaaiiia eciaiaiea: – ni?aoeaaao o ?uaieia.aae?oa. Oio ia-
aieueii ?acaeaeaaao eaaeiie iioe?a. /” \^

Yoi a?aiuea aeinoaoi/ii aaciaeaeiia, eanathuaany oieueei ?uai-
eiaa e iieiaiiie ei ?uau, ii a iaaeaaiea a?aiaia eiaeue oaeiai
?iaea ioaaouaaea ii/oe ana io?anee ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa Niaao-
neiai Nithca. I?eienee oea?noaiaaee iianthaeo. Aniiiieoue oioy au
ciaiaieoia a Ocaaeenoaia, eiaaea ec ie/aai, aoe-
aaeueii ec aicaeooa, ia aoiaaa aicieeaee ouny/e oiii oeiiea, ei-
oi?ua caoai aeaaiiieo/ii nienuaaeenue ia onooeo, oo?oneo e ii-
oa?e i?e o?ainii?oe?iaea. A eia-eoi ca yoe ianouanoaothuea oii-
iu iieo/ae ca?ieaou, (i?aiee e i?aeaia.

Aoi?ie, eae au i?ioeaiiieiaeiue, a ia naiii aeaea oiaeaea-
noaaiiue aa?eaio eneaaeaiey i?aaaeu – yoi i?aoiaiueoaiea /aai-
eeai. Oae, a NNN? caaaaeiii i?aoiaiueoaeinue ?aaeueiia eiee/anoai
ia?eiiaiia, a oae i?inoeoooie aiiaua oiaiueoeee aei ioey – oa-
eiai yaeaiey, ii iiaieth ia?oeeiuo eaeaieiaia, o ian aiiaua ia
nouanoaiaaei!

Oaniay naycue iaaeaeo yoeie aeaoiy niiniaaie iaiaia – i?aoaa-
ee/aieai e i?aoiaiueoaieai, iaoei iiaeia/aia a aeeaeiaa:

– E aa/ii ou i?aoaaee/eaaaoue a naieo ?anneacao!

– ss i?aoaaee/eaath? Aea y e iieiaeiu i?aaaeu ia aiai?th!
Ineoieiae/anee oiiei ?ann/eoaiiue i?eia? iaiaia ii oeio
eneaaeaiey eiee/anoaa iienai a ?iiaia ?aoayey Naaaoeie .

Ai a?aiy iaeiiai ec naieo oaea/eeauo iioiaeia eaieoai Aeaae
ieacaeny a eiaooea, aua?aoueny ec eioi?ie ia i?aaenoaaeyeinue aic-
iiaeiui. Aai yneaae?a iaoiaeeeanue a aiaeao ica?a Ia?aeaeai, au-
| ^ oiae ec eioi?iai eiio?iee?iaae iiuiue oi?o n aieueoei
[270]] aa?ieciiii e neeueiie a?oeeea?eae. Oi?o ?aniieaaaeny ia

ino?iaa, ii iaeio noi?iio eioi?iai i?inoe?aeinue iaeeiaiaeuea, ia-
aeinooiiia aeey ei?aaeae, a ii ae?oaoth – oceee i?ieea, i?ino?aee-
aaaiue iooeaie oi?oa. Ceaeoee a?aa eaieoaia Aeaaea, eniai-
neee aaeie?ae aeii Ieaaeue, iaeeaeae a oi?oa ei?aaee ie?aoia.

E aio a iaeei ec aeiae ei?aaee Aeaaea iieacaeenue ia ai?eciioa.
Iie iiaeioee e aeaeueiae ieiia/iinoe ino?iaa, ia eioi?ii ?anii-
eaaaeny oi?o, e ia aeacao o iaaniieiaiiuo eniaioeaa ia/aee au-
naaeeo aeanaioa. Ai?i/ai, yoi ia neeueii iaaneo?aaeeei aaeie?aea,
oae eae ana iiaenooiu e oe?aieaieth oi?ioi i?ino?aeeaaeenue a?-
oeeea?eae. I?aaaea, ana iooee niio?aee a noi?iio ii?y, ii /anoue
eo iiaeii auei ia?aoaueoue ia ae?oaoth noi?iio oi?oa aeey io?aaea-
iey aiciiaeiie aoaee n ouea. E?iia oiai, aeii Ieaaeue ciae, /oi o
Aeaaea auei ia aieaa o?ao nioai ie?aoia – aaeaia iaiueoa, /ai o
eniaioeaa. A oaia?ue i?aaeinoaaei neiai ?aoayeth Naaaoeie:


aaee aeaeaeaiea ei?aaeae e auee aue?aoaiu a /a?iue oeaao. 1 [271.

Aia?aaee ai?o i ai?o oee “Yeecaaao” e “Eioaioa”. Eiaaea iie
ii/oe oaea ii?aaiyeenue n oi?oii, eniaioeu, oeaeeeii iiaeiuai-
iua iaaethaeaieai ca i?ioeaiiieiaeiie noi?iiie, caiaoeee a oai-
iioa iayniua i/a?oaiey ei?aaeae e oneuoaee oeoee ieane ?anna-
eaaiuo aiei e aeo?/aiea eeeueaaoa?iuo no?oe. E n?aco aea a ii/-
iii aicaeooa ?acaeaeny oaeie ac?ua aanneeueiie /aeiaa/aneie
y?inoe, eaeiai, aa?iyoii, ia neuoaee ni aeiy aaaeeiineiai noie-
iioai?aiey. Ooo oieueei aaeie?ae iiiye, /oi aai iaeo?a/eee e /oi
ioe/ea aeaaiiieo/ii oeaoaao ec eeaoee, oioy ii aua ia iia niia-
?aceoue, eae yoi i?iecioei>.

A aio ae?oaie i?eia?, ia yoio ?ac ec eeoaeneie enoi?ee. A 342 a.
aei i. y. a Eeoaa oea i/a?aaeiay aieia iaaeaeo nii?aaeaeueiuie aino-
aea?noaaie. Iieeiaiaeaoe Noiue Aeiue, ciay i aunieiia?ee eiiaiaeo-
thuaai iai?eyoaeueneie a?ieae Iai Oecthaiy, ecia?acee ionooiea-
iea naieo aiene. I?ioeaiee iiiaeny ia yoo oaei/eo e n?aco aea ia-
/ae i?aneaaeiaaiea iooiaeyuae a?iee. Ii i?eeaco Noiue Aeiy a
ia?aue aeaiue ionooieaiey aai aienea inoaaeee ia ianoa noiyiee
100 000 eino?eu, ai aoi?ie – 50 000, a a o?aoee – oieueei 30 000.
Iaaeayaoeeny ia eaaeoth iiaaaeo eiiaiaeothuee i?ioeaieea ?aoee,
/oi a?iey Noiue Aeiy ineaaeaia ianniaui aeaca?oe?noaii. Iiyoi-
io ii inoaaee oyaeaeiaii?oaeaiioth iaoioo e ioi?aaeeny a i?anea-
aeiaaiea n iaaieueoei io?yaeii. Yoi auei oi, /oi i?aaeaeaeae e iaee-
aeae Noiue Aeiue. Ii ono?iee canaaeo, a eioi?oth e iiiae Iai Oecth-
aiue. Aai ie?oaeaiea auei oie/oiaeaii, a iieeiaiaeaoe, iiaa?eaoee
a neaceo i ?aceiaeeaoaeny, aeaca?oe?othuae a?iee, iieii/ee
aeeciue naiioaeenoaii. Yoi auei eeanne/aneia eneaaeaiea eioi?-
iaoeee ii oeio einaaiiiai oiaiueoaiey eiee/anoaa.

Ae?oaie, ianeieueei aieaa eciu?aiiue niinia iaiaia caeeth-
/aaony a eneaaeaiee i?iii?oeee ia?aaeaaaaiie eioi?iaoeee. Oeie/-
iue i?eia? – naiaeee n iano aiaa. Ai a?aiy aii?oaeaiiiai eiio-
eeeoa a *a/ia ioeoeeaeueiia ?inneeneia eiiaiaeiaaiea, eae i?a-
aeei, ianeieueei caieaeaei oeeo?u iaoeo iioa?ue e i?aoaaee/eaaei
iioa?e /a/aineeo aiaaeeia, a oi a?aiy_eae naia?aoenou, iai?i-
oea, ne?uaaee naie iioa?e e i?aoaaee/eaaee /enei iiaeaoeo e
ieaiiuo ec oaaea?aeueiuo aiene.

Ai?i/ai, aiciiaeiinoue i?aaeiaia?aiiiai eneaaeaiey aeaenoae-
oaeueiinoe auea ecaanoia n ae?aaiinoe. Ae?aaiea yoeiiu aiai?eee:

. Oo aea iuneue ?acaeaae a 30-a aiaeu e
aia?eeaineee ineoieia Oeao/a? Aaoea?. Ii aunooiee n i?aaeei-
aeaieai i?inoiai aa?eaioa eeoue aiaoia iauaeoeaiie aeaonoi?ii-
iae a?aoiaioaoeee: Aaoea? niaaoiaae i?eaiaeeoue a iieueco
iiceoeee iaeaieaa neeueiua, oaaaeeoaeueiua a?aoiaiou, a iieueco aea
,–^s noi?iiu –
iaeaieaa neaaua. Oaeei iooai ia oae
[272 JJ oae o?oaeii iieacaoue ianinoiyoaeueiinoue ethaiai iiiiiaioa.

Yoi ia?acaoe iaieioeyoeaiie ea?u niciaieai ethaeae, eioi?ue n
oao ii? oe?iei eniieuecoaony a i?iiaaaiaea ?acee/iuo no?ai ia-
caaeneii io eo iieeoe/aneie i?eaioaoeee.

A ainueieaeanyoua aiaeu niaaoneoth iauanoaaiiinoue oaa?yee, /oi
iaaeaeo aiaiiuie neeaie IAOI e Aa?oaaneiai aeiaiai?a iiaeaea?-
aeeaaaony i?eia?iue ia?eoao – ?aaainoai. Ia naiii aeaea, eae
auynieeinue iicaeiaa, o Niaaoneiai Nithca auei cia/eoaeueiia i?a-
eiouanoai ii oaieai e nieaeaoai. Eiaeea iaiaia auea oaeiaa: aea,
ii oaieai o ian i?aeiouanoai (i?e yoii ieaaea ia ioaeeeiaaeenue
eiie?aoiua oeeo?u, a a oi a?aiy a Aa?iia o ian auei 80 ouny/ oai-
eia i?ioea 40 ouny/ iaoianeeo), ii aio ii oaea?iui naiieaoai oae-
oe/aneie aaeaoeee i?aeiouanoai o NOA e eo nithcieeia (enoaoe,
ai?acaei iaiaa cia/eoaeueiia, /ai ii a?iiaoaoieea). I?eioeei caeanue
aue oaeie: /anoue eioi?iaoeee ne?uaaeanue (oiae/eaathony eiie-
?aoiua oeeo?u), a caoai n?aaieaaeenue caaaaeiii ia?aaiioeaiiua ea-
oaai?ee, a aeacao aeeeaoaioia auaeyaeaaoea ii/oe ?aaiioeaiiuie.

5) Ia?aai?a/eaaiea. Aua iaeei niinia iaiaiooue i?ioeaieea –
yoi iiiaiyoue ianoaie e – ?iia> e . Oae,
aiaa/, iuoathueeny iaiaiooue a?aaeoaeae ia aei?iaa, aoaeao ia?i-
/eoi aeaeiaaoueny ia aaaeiinoue, a aiaia/aeueiee iinoa?aaony ni?y-
oaoue naie eo/oea aienea e, iaiai?io, i?eaeaoue aiaoia aianiinia-
iue aeae aieneai neaaui.

Aua a 1647 aiaeo Aaeueoana? A?aneai ienae: .

Iiae oa?ieiii eae oi?iie iaiaia y ii-
ieiath nicaeaiea oaeeo oneiaee, i?e eioi?uo ioaaoiay ?aaeoeey
ae?oaiai /aeiaaea iaeiicia/ii ii?aaeaeyaony aeaenoaeyie iaiaiu-
aathuaai. A iaeaieaa /enoii aeaea yoi iiaeii iaaethaeaoue a oaoia-
oao, eiaaea ?acua?uaathuee eiiaeiaoeeth oaoiaoeno naieie oi-
aeaie auioaeaeaao i?ioeaieea e ioaaoiui aeaenoaeyi, aaaeouei e
iaieioaiiio ii?aaeaieth. Eae ienae Aeeoi? E?ioia, i?ia?aiie-
?iaaiea – yoi eneonnoai nicaeaiey ec ne?uouo aiciiaeiinoae –
yaiuo.

Eiiaaea, /oiau auioaeeoue /aeiaaea ia .ii?aaeaeaiiua aeaenoaey,
ioaeii iinoaaeoue aai ia?aae auai?ii, naeaeaa yoi oaeei ia?acii,
/oiau iaeii ec ?aoaiee (eioi?ia ono?aeaaao aan), ieacaeinue oae-‘
aea iaeaieaa i?eaieaii e aeey ae?oaiai /aeiaaea. Oaeie niinia iie-
nuaaaony a ?iiaia Aeaenaiae?a Aethia .

Yaeiii Aeaioan ?anioouaaao oaeio naiaai caeeth/aiey a caiie
Eo. Ii i?aaeiieaaaao, /oi aaeeinoaaiiui /aeiaaeii, eioi?ue ii-
aeao aeaoue aio i?aaaeeaua ?acuyniaiey i oaiiuo aeaeao /aou?ia-
aeoeaoeeaoiae aeaaiinoe, yaeyaony iaaiaaoue o?aeoe?uee Eaae?o aa.
Ethaee, eiaa?noai e eio?eae eioi?uo i?eaaee aai a oth?ueio, a ia-
noiyuaa a?aiy aeiaeeenue aiaaonoaa e aeeyiey a iauanoaa, e iiyoi-
io Eaae?onn aieony aeaoue i?ioea ieo iieacaiey. Oiaaea Aeaioan, ia-
?aiaeaaoenue nayuaiieeii, i?eoiaeeo e Eaae?onno e niiauaao
aio enoi?eth i oii, /oi yeiau oie?athuee Aeaioan caaauae

naiei ae?ocueyi aeiac iaiaueiiaaiiie e?aniou e noieiinoe. Nay-
uaiiee, iauyaeaiiue aai aeooai?eeac/eeii, aeieaeai auynieoue
ianoiyoaeuenoaa caeeth/aiey Aeaioana a oth?ueio, i?iaeaoue yoio ae-
iac e ?acaeaeeoue au?o/aiiua aeaiueae iaaeaeo aai enoeiiuie ae?o-
cueyie.

Ia?aae Eaae?onnii iinoaaeaia aeeeaiia: anee ii ne?iao aeio
iieiuo ae?ocae Aeaioana, oi iioa?yao o?e /aoaa?oe aeaiaa, au?o-
/aiiuo io i?iaeaaee aeiaca. Anee aea ii auaeano i?aaeaoaeae, oi nai
caaeaaeaao aeiacii. Aeey oneeaiey ineoieiae/aneiai aeaaeaiey ia
o?aeoe?ueea a?ao Iiioa-E?enoi iieacuaaao ae?aaioeaiiue eaiaiue
Eaae?onno, ?aniaeyy aai aiia?aaeaiea e iiaeoaeeeaay aai e ioaeii-
io auai?o.

.

Eiaaea y /eoae yoio io?uaie, oi aeoiae: ii/aio aaaao oa?ae ae-
iac, aianoi oiai /oiau aea?aeaoue aai ia aeaeo e oai naiui ieacu-
aaoue aeiiieieoaeueiaaEneoieiae/aneia aeaaeaiea ia o?aeoe?ueea?
A iioii iiiye* yoi aue aeanoyuee oiae. Aeaei a oii, /oi iaua^ ai-
ia?aaeaiea e oaioacey neeiiiu i?aoaaee/eaaoue e i?eoe?aoeaaoue
aaue, eioi?uie iu oioei iaeaaeaoue. E a?ao Iiioa-E?enoi, ne?u-
aathueeny iiae ee/eiie aaaaoa, i?ae?anii ciae, /oi aiia?aaeaiea
Eaae?onna i?aa?aoeo ae?aaioeaiiue eaiaiue ?acia?ii a ai?ioeio a
a?eeeeaio aaee/eiie n a?aoeeee i?ao.

Eiiaaea auaaao aeiaieueii i?inoi i?aaeoaaaeaoue ?aaeoeeth /aeiaa-
ea a oie eee eiie neooaoeee. Aaaeue iiiaea iaoe aeaenoaey aeinoa-
oi/ii niiioaiiu, e iu ia anaaaea oniaaaai iineaae-
noaey iaoeo neia eee iinooieia. Yoei iiaoo ainiieueciaaoueny
iaoe i?ioeaieee ii aeeciaiiie ai?ueaa, naieie i?iaieaoeeiiiu-
ie aeaenoaeyie eee aii?inaie noaay ian a iaauaiaeiia iieiaeaiea.

Aio eae ia?iaeiue aiaeaeio iaua?uaaao nthaeao ecaanoiie aan-
ie E?ueiaa .

Neaeeo ai?iia n nu?ii iaae i?ioiaeiie eeea?iaiaei/iiai caai-
aea. Ni niaiu eaeoo o?ia. Nie?o anoue, caeonee iao. Oaeaeaee ai?iio
n aioiaie caeoneie.

– Ye, ai?iia, ieoue aoaeaoue?

– Aea-a!

Nu? auiae. Caeonea anoue.

.,–“s Iacaao?a iiaoi?eeanue oa aea ea?oeia. Nie?o anoue, caeon-
[274 JJ ee iao. Ai?iia-oai aea.

– Ai?iia, ieoue aoaeaoue?

Iie/eo. Ioaeeee aeinoatho aeaa noaeaia.

– Ai?iia, oaaa a aieueoie iaeeaaoue eee a iaeaiueeee?

-A aieuii-i-e!

Nu? auiae, caeonea anoue.

Ia o?aoee aeaiue – iiyoue e ai?iia.

– Ye, ai?iia, ieoue aoaeaoue?
.Iie/eo.

– Oaaa a aieueoie eee a iaeaiueeee?
Iie/eo.

– Aea /aai, ioaeeee, n iae, n iueyiie, ?acaiaa?eaaoue?

– A ou iia iaeeaae???

A yoii aiaeaeioa iieacaiu o?e ?aciuo niiniaa iaiaia. A ia?-
aue ?ac ai?iio i?inoi niaeacieee aea?iiaie auieaeie. Anoanoaai-
ii, /oi ie/aai ia iiaeic?aaaaoay eaaei iiiaeanue ia oaei/-
eo. Aoi?ie ?ac ai?iia oaea iaeeaeaea iiaeaio, e i?iaanoe aa auei
o?oaeiae. Aeey yoiai ae aue caaeai einaaiiue aii?in, o?aaothuee
ianoiyoaeueiiai ioaaoa, i?e/ai a yoii neo/aa iaeuecy auei iaie-
oenue eeaeii. A aii?ina eae au naii niaie iiae?acoiaaaeinue, /oi
ae iaycaoaeueii iaeuetho, aii?in oieueei noiye – a aieueoie eee ia-
eaiueeee noaeai. E ai?iia iiyoue eoieeanue.

Naiui eciu?aiiui aue o?aoee iaiai. ?acuy?aiiay naieie
aeaoiy i?iiaoaie, ai?iia ?aoeea ia ioaa/aoue ie ia eaeea aii?i-
nu. E oiiei ii/oanoaiaaa aa ?acae?aaeaiiia iaeaeie ineoieiae/an-
eia ninoiyiea, oeo?aoeu ia yoii e nua?aee. Iie aua aieueoa ?ac-
caaei?eee ai?iio, aucaaa o iaa ioaaoioth yiioeeiiaeueioth ?aaeoeeth.
A aeaeueoa – eae o E?ueiaa: nu? auiae…

Io eae niiniaa iaiaia ianeieueei ioee-
/aaony ae?oaie iaoiae – , eioi?ue aieaa i?ino e
aeinooiai a eniieiaiee. Anee /aeiaae iaoiaeeony a ninoiyiee ia-
onoie/eaiai ?aaiiaaney, eieaaeynue iaaeaeo ianeieueeeie aiciiae-
iuie no?aoaaeyie iiaaaeaiey, oi oiaeuie aeaenoaeyie eee nei-
aaie aai aeoeaiinoue iiaeii iai?aaeoue a ioaeiii iai?aaeaiee.
Anee i?e eiaeoeoi? nai aiineo naith i?ia?ai-
io a niciaiea ?aoeeieaioa, oi i?e yoa i?ia?ai-
ia iiaaaeaiey oaea iaoiaeeony a iineaaeiai, e caaea/a ninoieo eeoue
a oii, /oiau iiii/ue aa ?aaeeciaaoue.

Iiuoiua iioaiieee i?eiaiytho i?eai oae
ae?ooicii, /oi aeieacaoue iaee/ea iaiaia th?eaee/anee ia i?aaenoaa-
eyaony aiciiaeiui. Iie eeoue nicaeatho oneiaey aeey aicieeiiaa-
iey iai?aaeeueiuo, iaiai/eauo i?aaenoaaeaiee a niciaiee naieo
aea?oa, inoaaaynue eae au a noi?iia. Eo caaea/a – eeoue aeaoue oie-
/ie iuneyi aea?oau a ii?aaeaeaiiii iai?aaeaiee, a oai oaea nai
iaiaiuaaaiue aeii?eaeoiuaaao a naiai aiia?aaeaiee inoaeueiia.
Oaeei ia?acii, iieo/aaony, /oi aea?oaa (n iiaea/e iioaiieea) ia-
iaiuaaao naay naia.

Eeanne/aneei i?eia?ii oaeiai ?iaea iaiaia yaeyaony niinia
aeaenoaey, e eioi?iio /anoaiueei i?eaaaae Inoai Aaiaei? ec ?iia-
iia E. Eeueoa e A. Iao?iaa. Eae iu iiiiei, ii Oaieiaiue eiaeaen> e iiyoiio ecaaaae, aaea yoi auei aiciiaeii, a?oaiai, i?yii-
eeiaeiiai iaiaia. Ii oiiei /oanoaiaae iunee e iaeeaeaiey ^–,.
naieo niaanaaeieeia e iai?aaeye eo a ioaeioth aio noi?iio. IL275J

Iiyoiio eiaaea Inoai iiiye, /oi Iieania i?eiye eo ca yiea?ai-
oia, ii auno?i ni?eaioe?iaaeny e n iiiiuueth ianeieueeeo ooiai-
iuo iaiaeia aeae aiciiaeiinoue aiia?aaeaieth noa?ai?iaeoeaa aeiiun-
eeoue inoaeueiia. Aaiaea? aac o?oaea ?acaaaeae ineoieiaeth naieo
aoaeoueo aea?oa. Iaeiaaea ninoiyoaeueiua e oaaaeaaiua ethaee, a ia-
noiyuee iiiaio iie aea/eee aeaeeia ii n?aaiaieth n i?ioeui
nouanoaiaaiea aac anyeie ia?niaeoeau ia aica?auaiea e aei?aai-
ethoeeiiiui ii?yaeeai. E aae?oa, eae iineaaeiee eo/ee iaaeaaeaeu,
ioeoaea-oi ecaeaeaea, aiciiaeii ec-ca a?aieoeu, yaeyaony caeiinie-
?e?iaaiiue i?aaeaiaeeoaeue aeai?yinoaa n oaeinoaaiiui niooieeii,
noaey ii anaio, auaoei ioeoea?ii. Iaoaeeaeoaeueii, /oi eo aeooe
oae eaaei ioeeeeioeenue ia i?eiaieo, eniieueciaaiioth Inoaiii
Aaiaei?ii.

.

Iaeiie ec oi?i i?ia?aiie?iaaiey iinooieia yaeyaony i?iai-
eaoeey, eiaaea /aeiaaea auioaeaeatho e iaauaiaeiui aeey iaai aeae-
noaeyi, i?aaenoaaeyy yoi eae aaciaeaeiia eee auaiaeiia aeey iaai
aeaei. I?eia?ia i?iaieaoeee ianna – n ae?aaiinoe e aei iaoeo aeiae.
Iaeei ec ieo iienai a eieaa .

Aeaenaiae?o Iaeaaeiineiio iaeiaaeaeu aeiianee, /oi n?aaee aai ai-
eiia c?aao iaaeiaieuenoai. Eae ociaoue, aaeeea ee iianiinoue? Aeaei
auei a iioiaea, e Aeaenaiae? iauyaee, /oi ieoao ienueii ia ?iaee-
io e /oi inoaeueiua iiaoo ainiieueciaaoueaey-ieaceae e oiaea ioi?a-
aeoue naie ienueia. Ana, io iineaaeiaai/nieaeaoa aei aiaia/aeueieeia,
iiaeaeaeenue ia yoo oeo?inoue, e anei?a iaa?oaeaiiua naeoeaie eo-
?uea?u ioi?aaeeenue a iooue. Yoi auei aeiai. A ii/ueth ana iie ni nai-
eie iioaie iacaiaoii, ii iaeiiio, aa?ioeenue a ?aceaeaioeeth oea?y.
E Aeaenaiae?, iiaaeeoaeue ia?iiiie eiia?ee, i?iaae aeieaea /anu,
?acae?ay iaciaeiiua ii/a?ee e iuoaynue a /oaeeo ienueiao iaeoe
oeacaiea ia iianiinoue e iaiae ia caaiai?.

A Aeaeee ?anneacuaaaony i oii, /oi Aia oiaea ia /oaeaeaeny ii-
aeiaiuo i?eaiia, eiaaea oioae auynieoue iaia?aiey ethaeae (oioy ii
noaoono aio a?iaea au iieiaeaii ana ciaoue e oae). A eieaa ,
a 22-e aeaaa, iienuaaaony, eae Aia ?aoee i?iaa?eoue, ianeieueei
neeueii aai ii/eoaao Aa?aai. Ii i?eeacae noa?eeo i?eianoe a aea?-
oao naiaai nuia Enaaea, e Aa?aai aani?aeineiaii iiae/eieeny. Ii
iieiaeee naiaai nuia ia aea?oaaiiue eaiaiue e oaea caian iiae iaae
1, >\ aai ai?eii, eiaaea aiaae ioaae aioiaoth oaea?eoue ?oeo. Aio oa-
[276 JJ eea ieeua i?iaa?i/ee auee a oiaeo o Nicaeaoaey.

Ae?oaie i?eia? yaiie i?iaieaoeee, eioi?ay iaaeaeo oai aean-
oyua oaeaeanue, iu iiaeai iaeoe a nia?aiaiiie enoi?ee Eeoay,
/a?ac aeaa ouny/aeaoey iinea Aeaenaiae?a Iaeaaeiineiai.

A 1957 aiaeo Eiiioienoe/aneay ia?oey Eeoay ?aoeea auyaeoue
ana yeaiaiou, iano?iaiiua a?aaeaeaaii ii ioiioaieth e iae a
ia?oeeiuo e ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiao, a oaeaea a eoeueoo?iuo e?o-
aao. ?aaee yoiai auei ni?iaioee?iaaii aeaeaeaiea , iai?aaeaiiia ia naiaiaeiia au?aaeaiea iiaiee.
Yoi aucaaei a no?aia iiuioth ?aaeoeeth. Ii anae no?aia – io e?an-
oueyineeo aea?aaaiue aei ai?iaeia, io ia?iaeiuo o/eoaeae aei oieaa?-
neoaoneeo i?ioanni?ia – aan/eneaiiua eeoaeoeu ioe?uoi au?a-
aeaee naia iaaeiaieuenoai. Iaeiaei yoi aeaeaeaiea auno?i ia?aoei a
iiaia – ii ai?ueaa ca eeeaeaeaoeeth . Aieueoay /anoue oao,
eioi?ua ai a?aiy eaiiaiee iiaeaeaeenue ia i?iaiea-
oeeth, iino?aaeaee io ?ai?annee a oiaea yoie iiaie eaiiaiee.

E i?iaieaoeee aeecei noieo iaoiae , eioi?ue
aeaaii e iaaaconiaoii i?eiaiytho oth?aiueee anao a?aiai e ia-
?iaeia. ss iaoae iienaiea yoiai aeinoaoi/ii iiaeeiai iaoiaea a iioa-
eeeiaaiiii aia?aua a na?aaeeia XV a.o?aeoaoa ei-
eaeceoi?ia sseiaa Oi?aiaa?a e Aai?aa Einoeoi?ena. .

Eiiaaea, eiaaea aaoe ioiioaiey n ae?oaei /aeiaaeii iaeeaeatho
aeaeaoue eo/oaai, a aai iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau aao i?ioeaiee ii aeec-
iaiiie ai?ueaa niaa?oee eaeia-oi aeaenoaea, i?eoiaeeony ianee?i-
aaoue naith i?inueao iiae i?ioeaiiieiaeioth. Oiaaea aeaeathuee aai ia?oia? naeaeaao ana iaiai?io – oi anoue oae, eae aai
iaaei auei. Yoi oae iacuaaaiue iaiai io i?ioeaiiai.

Eeanne/aneei i?eia?ii oaeiai iiaaaeaiey yaeyaony yieciae ec
eieae Aeae. Oa??ena . Eiaaea A?aoaoe
E?ieee iiiae a eaiu naiaai caeeyoiai a?aaa A?aooea Eena, ii acii-
eeeny: Eiia/ii aea. A?aoaoe Een ia niia ioeacaoue naaa a oaei-
aieuenoaee naeaeaoue iacei e a?inee E?ieeea a eieth/ee eonoa?iee,
ioeoaea oio aeaaiiieo/ii niia oae?aoue.

Iaaei neacaoue, /oi, i?eiaiyy aeaiiue o?the. A?aoaoe E?ieee aue
ia i/aiue i?eaeiaeai. A ae?aaiai a?aaneii o?aeoaoa anoue enoi?ey i oii, eae oaeeo Iia? aeiaeeny /aai oioae,
ianoaeaay ia i?ioeaiiieiaeiii.

Aio ioaeii auei oae ?acaeaeeoue aiaiioth aeiau/o, /oiau ana aai
niiaeaeaeieee auee aeiaieueiu. Ii n?aaee iiaeeaaeaaoeo ?acaeaeo
ieauae aue iaeei ?aaiue, e ieeoi ec aai aiaia/aeueieeia, eiia/-
ii aea, ia caoioae au i?eiyoue enii?/aiioth iaeaaeaeo. Oiaaea oaeeo
Iia? iinooiee neaaeothuei ia?acii. Ia?aae ia/aeii aeaei- /.,-=,.
aea aeiau/e ii nae ia enii?/aiiue ieau, ii oaeei ia?acii, [JcHJ

/oiau e?aaoae aai aue aeaeai. Inoaeueiua ieaue ii ?aceiaeee ia-
?aae niaie e ia/ae eo ?acaeaaaoue. Noaaea auea naeaeaia ia /aeiaa-
/aneia ethaiiuonoai, caaenoue e aeaaeiinoue, e aai eaeay oaeaeanue. Iea-
iyiiee oaeeoa ac-Coaae? caiaoee eii/ee ieaua, ia eioi?ii ne-
aeae Iia?.

– *oi yoi ca ieau? – ni?inee ii.

– E ia aeoiae i iai, – n?aco iai?aae aai oaeeo.
Ii ieaiyiiee ia ionoae.

– *oi a iai iniaaiiiai?

– Ionoaiue.

– Ionoue ii aoaeao iiae aeieae, – noae ianoaeaaoue ac-Coaae?.

– Ou aai ia i?eiaoue, – i?eoai?ii noae aai ioaiaa?eaaoue oa-
eeo.

Ii ieaiyiiee i?eiyeny oaa?youe, /oi ia ioeaaeaony io ieaua.
Oiaaea Iia? acye n iaai niioaaonoaothuaa iaauaiea e iinea yoiai
a?o/ee ioa?aoaiiiio ac-Coaae?o ii?aaiiue ieau.

Iiaeaiaey eoia aeaiiiio ?acaeaeo, iiaeii neacaoue, /oi aeey oiai
/oiau iaaycaoue /aeiaaeo naia iiaiea, ia anaaaea auaaao auaiaeii
yaii ia iai ianoaeaaoue. Ai?acaei aieaa yooaeoeaii – naeaeaoue oae,
/oiau /aeiaae nai e iaio i?eoae. Aeey yoiai ioaeii nicaeaoue oa-
eoth neooaoeeth, eiaaea ia?oia? auioaeaeai eniieueciaaoue aaoe a?ao-
iaiou. Yoio iaoiae nii?a i?eaeoiae aua Nie?ao, e iiyoiio ii iacu-
aaaony nie?aoianeei. Au noaiiaeoanue ia oi/eo c?aiey i?aaeiieaaa-
aiiai iiiiiaioa, a aaoaio ia?oia?o i?aaeinoaaeyaoa aiciiaeiinoue
nii?eoue n niaie. Anoanoaaiii, /oi ii ia/eiaao i?eaiaeeoue aeiaiaeu
a aaoo iieueco.

Aeaee Ea?iaae a naiae eieaa e iaeiiio ec naieo
eeeaioia. Eae oieueei ii iuoaeny,i?iaeaoue oiio naie a?ociaeee,
oio a ioaao ia/eiae oaaeeoue aaoiiiaeee ae?oaie oe?iu, iinea /aai
iaaeaeo i?iaeaaoeii e eeeaioii ?acai?aeny nii?, eaeea iaoeiu
eo/oa. Nii? caeai/eaaeny acaeiiuie iaeaeaie, e i i?iaeaaea ia
auei e ?a/e. Oae i?iaeieaeaeinue aeeeoaeueiia a?aiy, iiea oi?aiaaoe
ia ia/ae i?eiaiyoue i?eioeeiu, i?aaeeiaeaiiua ia eo?nao Ea?ia-
ae. Iinea yoiai neooaoeey eciaieeanue ei?aiiui ia?acii. Ii noae
i?iaeaaaoue naie a?ociaeee a aieueoeo eiee/anoaao.

<...aio ii ia yoii nai: anee y caoi- aeo a eaaeiao iieoiaoaey e aiai aao ieeoaea aiaeeony. ss aea aai aicueio. niae eoieoue oaeiai-oi ioaa ae ciaee oi iaoeia. au eoieoa oa- eiai-oi ioeaaoanue. yoe ecaioaaeeaathony i oe ethaeueie oiaaea aio neacaoue. aeey nii iao ianoa. caya- eyao naiay eo iaoeia iiae- oaa oae iii anoue auioaeaeai inoaiiaeoueny. iiaeao iiaoi aanue aeaiue n iei niaeanai. caoai iu oaeii-oi ia- oieeiaaoue aeinoieinoaao iaoaai auei eiaaea oaeay iaiy jj aaoainoai. aic aeinoi- einoa aieueoa oai oaaeee iie iioaioeeaeueiue iieoiaoaeue oaaaeaeae naay iiaai eiieo>

E oanii i?eiueaao ae?oaie iaoiae iaeo-
?a/eaaiey, eioi?ue iacuaaaony . Ia yoii iaoiaea aeaaii ciaee ciaoiee eio?eae e oiaei ei
iieueciaaeenue. Oaeie an iieeoe/aneie eooie, eae Iooi oii Aen-
ia?e, aiai?ee: .

Aio aoi?ee iniiaaoaeue i?aaiaoecia oeeinio e ineoieia
Oeeueyi Aeaeaein: .

Iaiai i?e iiiiue i?aaaeu – ?aaeeay oi?ia iaaeoaaoaeuenoaa;

iia o?aaoao oi?ioaai oiaiey aeaaeaoue niaie e niiniaiinoe e aea-
oo. Caoi n?aaaouaaao aaeeeieaiii. Yoei eneonnoaii oi?ioi aea-
aeatho iieeoeee e i?ioanneiiaeueiua ea?iee. Ii iu i?ieeethno-
?e?oai aeaiiue iaoiae i?e iiiiue aeaoneiai aiaeaeioa.

Ia?ouoea neaeeo ia aa?aao ?aee e iieiuao eiaeo?o io aaiaia
a aiaea. I?iieuaaao ieii e?ieiaeee e ni?aoeaaao:

– Ou /oi aeaeaaoue, ia?ouoea?

– Aeae aeieea? – neaaeo.
E?ieiaeee a?inee ae aeieea?.

– Io,aiai?e!

– Iith eiaeo?o io aaiaia, i?aaeaea /ai aa aua?anuaaoue.

– Io e aeo?a!

– Ionoue aeo?a, ii ia yoii aeaea y naie o?eaeoeaoiee a aeaiue eiath!

I?e yoii e?ieiaeee eiaao ana iniiaaiey n/eoaoue, /oi aai ia-
iaioee, caa?aa o iaai aeaiueae ie ca /oi, oioy oi?iaeueii ia?ouo-
ea neacaea aio i?aaaeo… Ae?oaia aeaei, /oi aiana ia oo, eioi?oth oi-
oae oneuoaoue e?ieiaeee. Ii yaii iaeeaeae oneuoaoue ia/oi ae?oaia,
aieaa iao?eaeaeueiia. Ii /oanoaoao naay iaiaiooui, iioiio /oi
aai iaeeaeaaiua onoaiiaee ia niaiaee n ?aaeueiinoueth. Oaeoe/anee
ii iaiaioe naay nai, e a yoii neo/aa iu ano?a/aainy n iaeiei ec
aeaeia naiiiaiaia.

Aua iaeia, oiaea iiea aeinoaoi/ii ?aaeeay, oi?ia iaiaia – yoi
, eiaaea iioaioeeaeueioth aea?oao can-
oaaeytho i?eia?eoue ia naay ?ieue iaiaiueea. A ?acoeueoaoa ineoi-
eiae/aneeo iaieioeyoeee iioaiieeia /aeiaaeo ia/eiaao eacaoue-
ny, /oi yoi ii iaiaiuaaao ae?oaeo, ianoiyuea aea aeoeeee aei ii?a-
aeaeaiiiai iiiaioa anaie neeaie iiaeaea?aeeaatho yoo eeethceth.
E eeoue a oeiaea ana noaiiaeony ia naie ianoa, e ianooiaao ai?ue-

eia i?ic?aiea: iiieiaao, /oi aue eeoue iaeo?a/ai-
iie aea?oaie.

A oaia?ue ianeieueei neia i oae iacuaaaiii
(?. ?iiei, 1998). Yoo oaoieeo i?eiaiytho niaoeneoaeau.

27. Iai?iaa?yaiua nnueee. Iaeiei ec niiniaia iaiaia yaeyao-
ny eiaeiiai niiauaiey i?e iiiiue iai?iaa?ya-
iuo . Aeey oiai /oiau iaiaiooue /aeiaaea, i?ioiaeei-
oeu iiaoo nnueaoueny ia /oi oaiaeii: ia eaeie-oi aaoi?eoao, ia ethaia
iacaaeneiia o?aouea eeoei (ia aeaea yaeythuaany ), ia
ionoonoaothueo, ia naaaeaiey, eioi?ua iaaiciiaeii i?iaa?eoue ./,–.
a aeaiiue iiiaio, ia aoaeouaa, ia i?ioeia e o. i. |[279]

A /anoiinoe, oaeei aeieacaoaeuenoaii iiaeao auoue aaoi?eoao ea-
eiai-eeai eeoea eee i?aaiecaoeee, i?anoeae eioi?uo aeey iaiaiu-
aaaiiai aeinoaoi/ii aaeee. Yoi iiaeoaa?aeaeaao a naiae iiiia?aoee
i?ioanni? Aeoa?ianeee:

.

Aaoi?eoao iiaeaaeyao aieth, canoaaeyy aeaenoaiaaoue ii aeano-
eiio, ca?aiaa iaienaiiiio noeaia?eth. Eae ienae A. E?oaeia,
aaoi?eoao – yoi ia/oi, iinoaaeaiiia auoa nianoaaiiiai ?aco-
iaiey.

Ae?oaie ecaanoiue aoa?eno, Noaieneaa Aaee Eaoe, iieooooy ni-
aaoiaae: .

A aio neo/ae ec ?aaeueiie aeecie, iienaiiue a i/a?ea Ae. Naa-
?theiaa (aeo?iae , ? 7,1996):

.

A yoii neo/aa naia iaae/aneia aeaenoaea ieacaea * e?uoa>, ei-
oi?ie i?ee?uaaeny aaiaeeo, – Eiieoao ainaaciianiinoe ?innee,
,’,–^ i?aaiecaoeey aeinoaoi/ii aaoi?eoaoiay, /oiau iiaa?eoue aa
|(280)J . Ii aeey ian/anoiie aea?oau auei au ia-

eeoiei aua e i?iaa?eoue aa – oioy au a ianoiii ioaeaeaiee oiai
aea eiieoaoa. A yoii neo/aa ii inoaeny au aeea.

Aeey eaaeaeiai a?aiaie e no?aiu nouanoaotho naie , aa-
cioeacii aeaenoaothuea ia aeiaa?/eauo ethaeae e eniieuecoaiua ii-
oaiieeaie anao ianoae. A niaaoneia a?aiy yoi auee neiaa ,
, , , e o. i., nae/an – ,
, . Aeey Aaeeeia?eoaiee cia-
/eii ana, /oi naycaii n Aa Aaee/anoaii, aeey Aia?eee yoo ?ieue ea-
?atho ciaiaieoua eeiia?oenou e e?oiiua aecianiaiu. Eiay aeaie
(aeaaea oaeueoeaue) ecaanoiiai aaiea, iiaeii, i?ee?uaaynue aai aa-
oi?eoaoii, eaaei e iieo/eoue e?aaeeo.

Oaa?aiii i?iecianaiiay o?aca, inaiaiiay i?anoeaeai naiaoi?-
neiai caaiey, noieea aeecie i?aceaeaioo Aa?aaio Eeieieueio.

– ss naiaoi?. Ienoa? Eeieieuei iinueae ca iiie. ss aeieaeai
aeaeaoue aai ii aaaeiiio aeaeo.

Yoeo neia, neacaiiuo oaeeoeae Eeieieueia, ieacaeinue aeinoa-
oi/ii, /oiau ii aue i?iiouai a oaao?, aaea iaoiaeeeny i?aceaeaio.
*a?ac ieiooo a caea ?acaeaeny auno?ae.

Neiaa yoe, auaeoua ia iaaee, eae iinoiyiiia iaiiieiaiea,-
ythaeii aeaeaoue a eaaeiaoa ia/aeueieea io?aiu Aaeiai aeiia.

Iioaiieee iiaoo nnueaoueny ia oieueei ia aaoi?eoaou, ii e
ia ethauo o?aoueeo eeoe, i?aaenoaaeyy eo eae iacaeioa?aniaaiioth,
a cia/eo, iauaeoeaioth noi?iio. Iiiyoii, /oi ia naiii aeaea yoa
yaeyaony ia /ai eiui, eae caianee?iaaiiui
niiauieeii i?anooiieeia. Oaeie aeae iaiaia aeinoaoi/ii iiioey-
?ai a i?anooiiii ie?a e eiaioaony .
Eeanne/aneee i?eia? – iaia?noi/ieeia: yaii ea?aao
oai oieueei iaeei, ii neieueei

Aanueia iieacaoaeueioth eeethno?aoeeth
i?eaiaeeo a naiae eieaa Aiaoieee Aa?aaea?o:

. | [281 JJ

Iaaei ioiaoeoue, /oi iioaiieee e aoa?enou i/aiue ethayo nnu-
eaoueny ia ionoonoaothueo ethaeae. Niiaeeeneay iineiaeoea aeaneo:

, e yoi i?aaeei aeaenoaoao aacioeac-
ii. Iiyoiio anee aai noa?athony aiooeoue eaeoth-oi iuneue, nnuea-
ynue ia iiaiea ethaeae, eioi?uo a ianoiyuaa a?aiy iao ?yaeii, ca-
aeoiaeoanue, iiaeao auoue, caeanue ia ana /enoi?

Ia iaiaa /anoi iaiaiueee nnueathony ia aoaeouaa a?aiy, a ei-
oi?ii iie iaycothony auieaoeoue aeaiueae eee auiieieoue eaeea-oi
oneoae. Aeey oaeeo iaauaiee ioaeii aea?aeaoue iaaioiaa iaeei ioaao;

, eai iioaiieeia ii-
aeao oae e ia ianooieoue. Eae naiie?eoe/ii ienae AEai aea Eaa?the-
a? a naieo , .

Ia?aianaiea auiieiaiey iaauaiey a aoaeouaa a?aiy anaaaea
*?aaaoi aeey oiai, eoi oaa?ai a ianiiiaiiii auiieiaiee iaauai-
iiai, oae eae enoeiiua iaia?aiey iaauaaoaai inoathony caaaae-
eie. Iai?eia?, a 1993-1996 aiaeao aeiaieueii /anoi ano?a/aeenue
neo/ae iaiaia ii oeio ; Nooue
iaiaia neaaeothuay. Aac?aaioiay iaoeienoea ano?a/aao iauyaea-
iea a aacaoa: . Ei?i/a, oneiaey aiaeaneea.

AEaiueia i?eoiaeeo a oe?io, iiea/eaaao iaaeaeueiua eo?nu,
ia eioi?uo ia/aoaao eaeea-ieaoaeue yoeeaoee e iaaeaaao oaieeee
a iaeoth aaco aeaiiuo, iinea /aai aa iai?aaeytho ia ?aaioo n eniu-
oaoaeueiui n?ieii. I?aaeoi?aaeaeatho, /oi ia aeieaeiinoue iia?aoi?a
YAI, yeiau aanueia aunieiiiea/eaaaioth, aicueioo oieueei eo/-
oeo, neaaeai, o?e /aeiaaea, a i?aoaiaeaioia – aeanyoue. Ii?io n?a-
co aeatho i?eee/ioth, ii aeaiueiu noo/ao ii eeaaeoai, noa?athony
eci anao nee. Ia neaaeothuee aeaiue – oa aea iao?ooea, e oae, iiea
aoaeouea iia?aoi?u YAI ia auaeaathony ec nee e ia ia/eiatho
ioeaaoueny. *a?ac iaaeaeth ei iauyaeytho, /oi iie ia ni?aaeeenue n
?aaioie, e ioi?aaeytho ii aeiiai. Iinea /aai i?eoiaeeo neaaeothuay
ia?oey i?inoioeeue e iaaeaeth aea?ii ?aaioaao ia i?aaei?eei/eauo
iioaiieeia.

Oi/ii oaeie aea oieon- i?eiaiytho iaeioi?ua no?ieoaeueiua
oe?iu n e?eieiaeueiui oeeiiii. Iie iaae?atho ?aai/eo e ioi?aa-
eytho eo ia no?ieoaeuenoai eiooaaeaea aeey . Oai
auaoea aac?aaioiua aeaeuaatho ianyoe-ae?oaie e ooiaiiua iaauaiey aieueoeo aeaiaa, iinea /aai eo oaieueiy-
tho, i?eae?aaoenue e eaeie-ieaoaeue a?oiaea oeia caniooaai ?anoai-
?a.eee o?anioaoae aaiiu-aeaeaeoce. AEoeeeiaaoua i?i?aau i?aae-
noaayo iaeaiioaiiui ?aai/ei aeo, niaeanii eioi?iio yoa
aeaeaeoce auea naeaeaia ii eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiio caeaco e aeinoaaeaia
i?yii ec Ia?eaea, a aa noieiinoue ai yoe
ianinoiyaoeany ?aai/ea ia niiniaiu iieaoeoue e ca iyoue eao ?aai-
ou. Oae /oi ei inoaaony oieueei oaeaeeoueny iiauno?aa, inaiaiaeea
ianoi aeey neaaeothuae ia?oee aeiaa?/eauo ?aaioya.

‘ s Auaiae caeanue i?inoie: eae au aai ie oioaeinue iieo/eoue
[282JJ i?eee/ioth ?aaioo, ana-oaee neaaeoao ianoiyoue ia caeeth/a-

iee o?oaeiaiai aeiaiai?a. Anee aea aao ?aaioiaeaoaeue ia oi/ao nay-
cuaaoue naay aoiaaaie, oi ia eneeth/aii, /oi o aan anoue oain ii?a-
aioaoue aacaiciacaeii, eae ia eiiioienoe/aneii noaaioieea.

Iniaie oi?iie iaiaia neoaeao nnueee ia iai?iaa?yaiua naa-
aeaiey. Ai?i/ai, auaaao, /oi iauaeo iaiaia iiaeao aai auyaeoue,
ii ec-ca eaie, ianoiyoaeuenoa eee eiaeiie ne?iiiinoe ia aeaeaao
yoiai. Naiue i?inoie i?eia? – eiaaea a?aaeoaee caiiyo a eaa?oe-
?o e /a?ac aeaa?ue i?aaenoaaeythony ?aaioieeaie aeyea eee ieeeoeee.
Anee aeiaa?/eaue oicyei ioe?iao ei, oi ii iiaeao eeoeoueny ia
oieueei eiouanoaa, ii e aeecie.

Anee au ia iiaeaoa ia noi i?ioeaioia ii?aaeaeeoue ee/iinoue aa-
oeo ainoae /a?ac , eo/oa iicaiieoue a niioaaonoaothuoth
eiioi?o e auynieoue, iinueaee ee iie e aai oaeeo ainoae. Au ii-
oa?yaoa iyoue ieioo, ii nio?aieoa ai?acaei aieueoaa.

28. Eeoeaia?ea. O?oaeiaa anaai ?aniiciaoue iaiai, eiaaea ii
ne?uaaaony ca ianeie aeia?iou e caaiou, i?eieiay oi?io eeoea-
ia?ey. Aieueoei ianoa?ii yoiai ?iaea neuea ?onneay
eiia?ao?eoea Aeaoa?eia II, eioi?ay ?aaeei oea iai?ieii, i?aaeii-
/eoay nio?aiyoue ianeo ainieoaiiie, ia?aciaaiiie e aeia?ie ia-
oooee-eiia?ao?eoeu. Anee iia e ia naea?aeeaaea naieo iaauaiee,
oi ia iai?yioth, a i?e yoii o?aoueeo eeoe. Iia aea,
eae i?aaeei, inoaaaeanue aia iiaeic?aiee. Aio iaeei ec i?eia?ia
iaoiaeia aa ?aaiou.

Aeecaaaoa Iao?iaia, naa?aioa iaeieaoiaai eiia?aoi?a Eiai-
ia Aioiiiae/a e caeeth/ea aai a Oeennaeueao?aneoth e?aiinoue, ia
n/eoaea aai iianiui aeey naiaai ii/oe 20-eaoiaai oea?noaiaaiey.
Ii Aeaoa?eia Aoi?ay aeoiaea ii-ae?oaiio, iiieiay, /oi a ii?aaea-
eaiiuo ianoiyoaeuenoaao ii niiaeao noaoue iianiui i?aoaiaeaioii
ia ?inneeneee i?anoie, oae eae ii oaea caieiae yoio i?anoie e,
neacaoue ii i?aaaea, eiae ia iaai eoaea aieueoa i?aa, /ai caooaoiay
iaiaoeeay i?eioeanna, eiae ii naiaio ?iaeaeaieth yaeyeanue Aeaoa-
?eia, ceiaeaenee oia?oaeaoay naiaai caeiiiiai noi?oaa.

Ec eieae auaeathuaainy ooaeiaeanoaaiiiai e?eoeea, aeieaieaoia-
ai aeaeeioaea?y Iaoa?ao?aneie ioaee/iie aeaeeioaee A. A. Noa-
niaa neaaeoao, /oi ieai oaeenoaa Eiai-
ia Aioiiiae/a i?iecioae i?yii io naiie eiia?ao?eoeu. A ii/ue n 4
ia 5 ethiy 1764 aiaea ii?o/ee Niieaineiai iaoioiiai iieea A. Ie-
?iae/ iiiuoaeny inaiaiaeeoue ocieea. Eiaaea i?enoaau, io?aiyaoea
ocieea, oaeaeaee, /oi iaiaaeaaoea iiaoo inaiaiaeeoue Eiaiia, iie au-
iieieee eino?oeoeeth, aeaiioth ei ia yoio neo/ae Aeaoa?eiie, eoae-
ee Eiaiia Aioiiiae/a. Ie?iae/ aue noaa/ai, a?anoiaai, noaeei e
i?eaiai?ai e nia?oe.

Ii ?iiaio A. Aeaieeaaneiai , Iieeenaia – iaaan-
oa Ie?iae/a – aeiaeeanue i?eaia o Aeaoa?eiu II n i?inueaie iiie-
eiaaoue aa aeaieoa. Aeaeueoa i?aaeinoaaei neiai Aeaieeaaneiio.

– Au auee ioe?iaaiiu ni iiie, – iauyaeea iia i?ineoaeue-
ieoea. – ss naea?aeo iaauaiea-
Iieeenaia oiaea e iiaai eiia?ao?eoeu. Oa aa eaneiai i?eaea?-
aeaea, iaiyea. A aeacao Aeaoa?eiu naaoeeanue eaneiaay, aeia?ay

oeuaea.

– Oieueei ie neiaa i oii ieeiio, – caeeth/eea eiia?ao?e-
oea, – caao?a yecaeooeey, oo?ii. Oeac i iiieeiaaiee aoaeao n oaeue-
aeuaaa?ai aeinoaaeai e yoaoioo.

15 naioya?y 1764 aiaea Ie?iae/ aue eaciai. Iaea/ ca ?onua
aeeeiiua aieinu iiaeiye io?oaeaiioth, aeaaeioth, ie?iaaaeaiioth

aieiao eaciaiiiai…

Ieiuaaeue aoioea, ?acaeaeny aiieue aeaaooee, aac iaiyoe oiaa-
oae ia ?oee iaacoiaaoae io ai?y noa?ooe.

– Aea, – ?anneacuaae uaaieaaaoue i?aia?aaeaiaoe, eaey io ia-
noa eacie n eciaeeiaoeai, – iaiinoeaeeii. Ieeieae Eaaiiae/,
oaeueaeuaaa?ue-oi… iiicaeae aaaeue anaai ia iyoue ieioo. Iieacaeny,
neuoii, io Oo/eiaa iinoa, eiaaea ana oaea auei eii/aii>.

Oaeei ia?acii Aeaoa?eia naia iaauaiea auiieie-
ea – oeac i iiieeiaaiee aue ath iiaeienai. Eaeay aeaeinoue, /oi yoio
aaaeeee oaeueaeuaaa?ue caiaoeaeny a aei?iaa e iiicaeae e ianoo eacie!
Ii yoi auea oaea ia aa aeaea! E oioy iaeioi?ua nia?aiaiieee oao
aeaeaeeo niauoee auneacuaaee niiiaiey a enoeiiie i?e/eia iiic-
aeaiey oaeueaeuaaa?y, aeieacaoue iie ie/aai ia iiaee. Aea e iicaeii
auei… Eiaii Aioiiiae/, ?aaii eae e ian/anoiue ii?o/ee, aue
ia?oa. A inoaaoeany a aeeauo anaaaea iiaee ii?aaaeaoueny.

Oaeia aea aue noeeue e e .

Aia?eeaineee enoi?ee ?iaa?o E. Oaea? ienae, /oi .

Eae ea aniiiieoue ooo ino?ioiiia auneacuaaiea O?ainoa Ea-
– ?ioooei: .

I oii aea ienaea e Ia?e oii Yaia?-Yoaiaao: .

Ai?i/ai, eeoeaia?u ia iaycaoaeueii caiyou eneeth/eoaeueii
ceuie-aeaeaie. Iie iiaoo oai?eoue e aeia?i, ii i?e yoii anaaaea noa-
?athony ne?uoue naie ia?eaioeeueiua eee ieciaiiua iioeau e i?e-
aeaoue naiei aeayieyi aeaai?iaeiua e aicauoaiiua iioeau. Oaeia,
e i?eia?o, aue a?ao Eaeeino?i, iienaiiue a ?iiaia A. Naeeana
.

.

Aieueoei eeoeaia?ii eae ii aeieao neoaeau, oae e ii i?e?iae-
iiio oa?aeoa?o aue ieieno? iieeoeee O?aioeee AEicao Oooa.
Eiaiii aio i?eienuaaaony nicaeaiea neoaeau iieeoeee:

iaeia, naiay iiiai/eneaiiay, neaaeeea ca a?aaeaeaiaie no?aiu, aoi-
?ay – ca naieie iieeoeaeneeie, a o?aouey, naiay nae?aoiay, aeie-
aeia auea iaaethaeaoue, /oiau ia?aay ia iiaeeoieea aoi?oth.

Eiaaea nai Oooa iiiae a iiaeo o Iaiieaiia e aue ecaiai n
iinoa ieieno?a, oi, anoanoaaiii, caoaee ceiao ia naiaai i?aaiie-
ea – aaia?aea Naaa?e. Ii ii aue neeoeii oeo?ui e eiaa?iui
/aeiaaeii, /oiau ioe?uoi i?iyaeoue naia iaaeiaieuenoai iiaui ie-
ieno?ii. Iaiai?io, ii n iaaneo?aaeeaathuae na?aea/iinoueth ano?a-
oee Naaa?e a aeaia?oaiaioa iieeoeee e iinoa?aeny i?iyaeoue iae-
neioi iaayiey, /oiau iiaienia/aiiue ieieno? /oanoaiaae naay
ia iiaii iii?eua eae aeiia. Aaeeinoaaiiia, /oi ii iii?inee, –
yoi aeaoue aio /aou?a aeiy . Ia
naith aaaeo, aeiaa?/eaue aaia?ae niaeaneeny, i /ai iioii aeieai
aeaeae…

Ia i?ioyaeaiee yoeo /aou?ao aeiae e ii/ae eiaa?iue Oooa
ia?aaa?ioe aaa?o aeiii aanue a?oea ieienoa?noaa, /oiau iieiin-
oueth ia?aeeciaaoue ?aaioo aeaia?oaiaioa iieeoeee. Ii ecuiae ec aeae
naiua aaaeiua aeieoiaiou, iaiye iiia?a ia a?oeaiuo iaieao,
ecuiae e ioi?aaeye a naia eiaiea nienee iaeaieaa cia/eiie aaai-
oo?u. Naaa?e inoaaaeenue oieueei iaeeea oieiiu e inaaaeiieoaee,
a aeaaiua inaaaeiieoaee, ?aaioathuea n?aaee aa?oooee iauanoaa,
aanneaaeii en/acaee. Iauee oeacaoaeue a?oeaa aue oie/oiaeai,
nienee ?iyeenoneeo yiea?aioia e nae?aoiaeoay ia?aienea ia?a-
ei/aaaee ec iieeoeaeneiai a?oeaa a ee/iue a?oea Oooa, a iaei-
oi?ui nainaoeeiiiui aeieoiaioai auee aeaiu iaaa?iua iiia?a,
iiae eioi?uie eo auei iaaiciiaeii iouneaoue.

Eiaaea Naaa?e iaia?oaeee ana yoi, ii i?eoae a io/ayiea. Aeao-
ee/iue Oooa iiae ianeie iaoiaeeoaeueiinoe e na?aea/iinoe aeanoi-
ei aai iaaeoe. Oiio i?eoeinue ia?aoeoueny ca iiiiuueth e eiia?aoi-
?o, ii e Iaiieaii oaea ie/aai ia niia naeaeaoue. I?eeeioaoeeny
nie?iie e i?aaeaiiie iaa/eie, Oooa iaiaeioe Aiiaia?oo, ^–.,
/oi ii oie/oiaeae aeieoiaiou, eanathueany iaaeaaiaeaeiuo IL285J

aeaenoaee aai iiiai/eneaiiie ei?neeaineie ?iaeie, e a ii?uaa
ona?aeey a niaoea oie/oiaeee aua e ae?oaea aeieoiaiou. Eiia?a-
oi? ioi?aaee Oooa a iici?ioth nnueeo, aai aeieoiaiou auee iia-
/aoaiu, ii yoi oaea ia iiaei ainnoaiiaeoue oua?a, iaianaiiue ii-
eeoeee O?aioeee. Oeaeue aiae iinea yoiai Naaa?e i?eoeinue aei e?o-
ieoeai ainnoaiaaeeaaoue aaaioo?ioth naoue oaeiuo inaaaeiieoaeae,
ia eioi?uo aea?aeaeanue iieeoeaeneay nenoaia O?aioeee oiai a?aia-
ie. Auaiae ec yoie enoi?ee iaeiicia/ai: /aeiaae ieeiaaea ia aeie-
aeai aeiaa?youe ae?oaiio, /uee eioa?anu auee i?yii eee einaaiii
ouaieaiu ca n/ao aicauoaiey ia?aiai.

29. Aa?ieiinoai.

ec
oiai o?eeenoieea, eioi?ue aiciineo /aeiaaea iaae oainii aeecie:

aa?a, iaaeaaeaea, ethaiaue. Eae i?ae?anii eiaoue naie eaeaae, auoue ia-
aeiiui, /enoui nicaeaieai, eioi?ia aeaao aeaiueae iiae aaenaey, e
eae /oaeanii iaaeayoueny naiaa?aiaiii iieo/eoue eo ia?aoii. Iaaea-
youeny, /oi y caiea/o aai ouny/o aeaanoe e?ii, eiaaea o iaiy a ea?-
iaia iao aeaaea nioie.

– A oaeii neo/aa au… – caeeaynue i?ieaiaoae ainoue.

– Aea, a oaeii neo/aa y, – ioaaoee oaeueaeeo?ao>.
Yoio aanueia iieacaoaeueiue i?eia? ec ?iiaia ss?ineaaa Aaoa-
ea iieacuaaao, eae oanii
ia?aieaoathony iaaeaeo niaie eeoeaia?ea e aa?ieiinoai. Aaaeue eth-
aie eeoeaia?, nie?aiii iinyuee ianeo aeia?iaeaoaee e i?aaaeeain-
oe, no?anoii ia/oaao ioa?ineoue aa i?i/ue e i?iyaeoue naie ianoiy-
uee oa?aeoa?. Ianeeea iaae enoeiiie i?e?iaeie – aauue ia i/aiue
i?eyoiay. E aio, aua?aa iiaeoiaeyuee iiiaio, aeaoee/iue /aei-
aae ioa?anuaaao noaaooth iaioaeiie ianee?iaeo, aa?ieiiii ia-
?ooay noa?ua aeiaiai?aiiinoe e iaauaiey.

Iniaaiii iiiai i?eia?ia aa?ieiinoaa e eeyoaii?anooieaiey
iu iaoiaeei n?aaee ei?iiiaaiiuo inia. Aea e iiiyoii: aeey oiai /oi-
au caoaaoeoue o?ii, a iioii ia iai oaea?aeaoueny, iaaei aac eieaaa-
iee ioa?ineoue /anoue e niaanoue, acya acaiai ia aii?oaeaiea iaiai e

eneonnoai eio?eae.

Aio i?eia? ec ?onneie enoi?ee, iienaiiue I. E. Einoiia?i-
aui a aai :

.

Ii ia oieueei aeaiueiu ia oea?neii i?anoiea a?aoeee aa?i-
eiinoaii. Ia /oaeaeaeenue eeyoaii?anooieaiey e oea?e-ioae/eiu.
Iaei eoi ciaao, /oi iineaaeiee ?onneee eiia?aoi? Ieeieae aue
eeyoaii?anooiieeii. Yoio oaeo iienai a eieaa A. Ai?aianeiai e
TH. Naiaiiaa .

Aeaenaiae? III n/eoae Ieeieay ianiiniaiui e oea?noaiaaieth
e iaia?ai aue ia?aaeaoue i?anoie ieaaeoaio nuio. Ii eiaaea Aeae-
naiae? III oie?ae, Ieoaee aua ia aeinoea niaa?oaiiieaoey e ia iia
i?eiyoue ei?iio. Ia?aae nia?oueth eiia?aoi? acye n Ieeieay eeyo-
ao, /oi ii ioeaaeaony io i?anoiea, eae oieueei Ieoaeeo eniieieo-
ny 21 aiae.

– Ou aea nai ciaaoue, /oi ia oaa?aaeaoue ?inneth, – i?i?i/an-
ee aiai?ee oie?athuee. – Aeiaa?aae aa aei niaa?oaiiieaoey Ie-
oaeea.

Ia?auie aeaaaoue i?enyao iiaiio oea?th aeieaeiu auee /eaiu
eiia?aoi?neie oaieeee. Aaeiaa eiia?aoi?a iaio?ac ioeacaeanue aea-
eaoue yoi. Iia’ieaeaea e iiaoi?yea:

Aaeianoaothuay eiia?ao?eoea oae e ia i?enyaioea naiaio nuio.
*oiau ne?uoue yoi, aa iauyaeee aieueiie.

Iaecaanoii, niae?aeny ee Ieeieae naea?aeaoue naith eeyoao, ei-
oi?oth aeaaae oie?athuaio iooeo, ii ii aa ia naea?aeae. Iicaeiaa, ai
a?aiy anao o?aaaaeee naiaai oea?noaiaaiey, ii ia ?ac a io/ayiee
iiaoi?ye, /oi ana yoi ec-ca oiai, /oi ia i?anoiea eeyoaii?anooi-
iee. Oea?ue, ia noaniyynue, aiai?ee yoi e a i?enoonoaee iinoi?ii-
ieo. Ii aeaaea e oiaaea ia iiiuoeye i oii, /oiau ia?aaeaoue i?anoie
naiaio a?aoo.

Eiaaea a?yioea ?aaiethoeey e Ieeieae II io?aeny iaeiiaoe a
iieueco Ieoaeea, auei oaea iicaeii.

Ae?oaie i?eia? eeyoaii?anooieaiey naycai n eiaiai iaeiiai
ec naiuo y?eeo ?inneeneeo eiia?aoi?ia – Iao?a I. Eae iienu-
aaao a naieo eieaao enoi?ee I. E. Einoiia?ia, aai nui, oea?aae/
Aeaenae Iao?iae/, nianaynue io i?aneaaeiaaiee iooea, oaa- . Oea?aae/ Aeaenae aa?ioeny a ?inneth, oae eae
iiaa?ee iooeo.

Ii ii ?aoaieth Iao?a Aeaenae aue i?aaeai noaeo 24 ethiy 1718
aiaea. Aeooiaainoai aeaei oeeii/eaue, ii caia/aoaeueii ioae?ue i?e-
aiai?. Auienaa ?aciua ianoa ec Nayuaiiiai ienaiey ia iaycai-
iinoyo aeaoae iiaeiiaaoueny ?iaeeoaeyi, iii i?aaeinoaaeei ia aieth
ainoaea?y aeaenoaiaaoue eee ii Aaooiio, eee ii Iiaiio caaaoo: oi-
/ao ?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny Aaooei caaaoii – iiaeao eacieoue nuia, a
anee oi/ao i?aaeii/anoue o/aiea Iiaiai caaaoa – iiaeao i?inoeoue
aio ii ia?acoeo, oeacaiiiio a aaaiaaeueneie i?eo/a i aeoaeiii nuia.

-a Na?aeoea oea?aai a ?ooea Aiaeeae anoue, aea ecaa?ao ooth /anoue, aii
aea ?oea Aiaeey oiai i?aeeiiyao>. Oae neacaii auei a eiioea i?e-
aiai?a aeooiaiuo.

Naaoneee noae ia nio?aiee naiaai aeinoieinoaa a oie noaiaie, a
eaeie nio?aieei aai aeooiaainoai. Naaoneea noaeuee iiaee au ia-
iiiieoue ainoaea?th, /oi ii aeae naia oea?neia iaauaiea nuio /a?ac
Oienoiai a Iaaiiea: /oi aio iaeacaiey ia aoaeao, anee ii aica?a-
oeony. Nui iiaa?ee neiao oea?y-?iaeeoaey. Ii naaoneea-noaeuee oae
ia naeaeaee, iioiio /oi iie aeaeaee oaiaeeoue Iao?o e ynii aeaeaee,
eaeiai ?aoaiey aio oi/aony. Oea?aae/o aue iiaeienai nia?oiue
i?eaiai? 120 /eaiaie noaea.

Ii, eae aiai?eee ae?aaiea ?eieyia, /oi iicaieaii THieoa?o,
oi ia iicaieaii aueo. Eiaaea oea?ue ia naea?aeeaaao naieo iaauaiee,
yoi aucuaaao eeoue iaaiyoiue ?iiio aai i?eaeeaeaiiuo, nienu-
aathueo ana ia auni/aeoee eai?ec, caoi aa?ieiinoai ethaeae ai-
eaa ieceiai caaiey, aaconeiaii, inoaeaeaaony anaie. Iaeiaei eiaaea
a aeecie eee a eeoa?aoo?iii i?iecaaaeaiee iaeei iioaiiee iaaei
iaiaiuaaao ae?oaiai, aua iaiaa neiiaoe/iiai, ii iiaeao ?ann/e-
ouaaoue ia oieueei ia nienoiaeaeaiea, ii aeaaea ia ?oeiieaneaiey.
Iniaaiii anee a ?iee ia?aiai aunooiaao oaeie iaio?aceiue ioae-
/eia, eae Inoai Aaiaea?. Aniiiiei, eae eiaei ii i?iaae ia?ceiai
a?oeaa?eona e ?inoiaueea noa?eea Ei?iaaeieeiaa. Iieo/ea eae-
oaioeee ia ae?aaioeaiiua nooeuey iaaeai Iaoooiaie, ii i?inoi ioi?a-
aeeny ainaiyne, ia iioneaynue aei eaeeo-eeai ?acuyniaiee ii ii-
aiaeo ionoonoaey ieaou.

.

Aiiaua iaaei ioiaoeoue eioa?anioth iniaaiiinoue – eae i?aae-
ei, aa?ieiiii iinooiatho aeeceea e ciaeiiua, eioi?ui iu i?e-
aueee aeiaa?youe. O iaiy, iai?eia?, aue a aeecie neo/ae, eiaaea
iaiy iaiaioe iie eeoa?aoo?iue niaaoi? – A. Eaaiia. A 1994 aiaeo
iu aianoa iaienaee e ca naie n/ao ecaeaee a Oa?ueeiaa iaaieueooth
eieaeeo oaioanoeee. Iioii ecaeaoaee ia?anueaee iai iaaieueoe-
ie ia?oeyie eieae, eioi?ua iu naie ?aaeeciaaee /a?ac , iaaaceiu e aeaeeioaee. I?e/ai ii aeiaiai?aiiinoe ii-
eo/aiiua eieae iu aeaeeee ii?iaio. Naycue n oa?ueeianeeie ecaea-
oaeyie inouanoaeyeanue /a?ac Eaaiiaa, oae eae oaeaoiia o iaiy
oiaaea aua ia auei.

A oa/aiea o?ao ianyoeaa y aae ia?aaiai?u n ai?iaeneie aeaeei-
oaeie i i?eia?aoaiee ia?oee iaoeo eiea, ii o ieo a oi a?aiy ia
auei aeey yoiai iaiaoiaeeiuo n?aaenoa. E aio a i/a?aaeiia iia iina-
uaiea aeaeeioaee iia ?aaeinoii niiaueee, /oi eieae i?eiyou e,
aieaa oiai, aeaiueae oaea ia?a/eneaiu ia naa?eieaeeo. ss ie/aai ia
iia iiiyoue – ieeaeeo eiea y aua ia i?eiinee e naiaai ?an/aoii-
ai n/aoa ia aeaaae. Iaeiaei anei?a iaaei?acoiaiea auynieeinue. Ca
iaaeaeth aei yoiai ?acaiai?a nthaea i?eoea aeaia Eaaiiaa e neacaea
aee?aeoeee, /oi i?aaenoaaeyao iaoe niaianoiua eioa?anu. Nai Eaa-
iia ne?ue io iaiy iinooieaiea ec Oa?ueeiaa iineaaeiae ia?oee
eiea e aianoi oiai, /oiau /anoii iiaeaeeoue aa iiiieai, eae iu
?aiaa aeiaiaa?eaaeenue, oeaeeeii i?iaeae aa a aeaeeioaeo, a aeaiueae
ia?aaae ia naie n/ao.

?aaioieee aeaeeioaee, n eioi?uie y eiioaeoe?iaae ianeieue-
ei ianyoeaa, auee niaa?oaiii oaa?aiu, /oi aeaiueae i?aaeiacia/a-
eenue iai iaiei, e ei aeaaea a aieiao ia iiaei i?eeoe, /oi eo’ iaaei
iaiaioee. Iia oiaea auei ia ii naaa, ii y aua ieiei aiaea i?iaeie-
aeae nio?oaeie/aoue n Eaaiiaui, iaaeaynue, /oi yoi auei anaai eeoue
aeinaaeiia iaaei?acoiaiea. E niaeaeaieth, y ioeany – aiineaaenoaee
iie niaaoi? aua ia ?ac iiaeaiaeee iaiy, iinea /aai iu ?annoaeenue.
Ec yoeo niauoee y naeaeae iaeei auaiae: anee ac?ineue, noi?ie?i-
aaaoeeny /aeiaae niiniaai ia iaeei aa?ieiiiue iinooiie, oi a?yae
ee ii ea?aeeiaeueii eni?aaeony a aeaeueiaeoai. Ianiiniaiinoue aea?-
aeaoue aeaiiia neiai ni a?aiaiai noaiiaeony iaiouaieaiie /a?oie
ee/iinoe.

30. Iaaeay eiaeue, A 1812 aiaeo iaaeay eiaeue aaeaa aein?i/ii ia
eeoeea Iaiieaiia o?iia. I?e/ai yoi auei naeaeaii ia ia?oeae .
?iyeenoia, ia oaeiie i?aaiecaoeeae caaiai?ueeia, a iaeiei noian-
oaaeoei. Ia?aaeien ninoiye a oii, /oi ana aieaa eee iaiaa na?ueac-
ii i?aaiecothueany caaiai?u iaoiaeeeenue iiae eiio?ieai oaeiie
aaaioo?u oiaaeaoiaai ieieno?a iieeoeee Naaa?e, ii ia i?enoaaeoue
aea oieiia e eaaeaeiio ineoo!

E aio iaeei ec ionoaaiuo aaia?aeia, ii eiaie Iaea, neaeaaoee
a /anoiie ineoeao?e/aneie ea/aaieoea aeieoi?a Aethathenniia a i?aae-
ianouea Naio-Aiooai, ?aoee ainiieueciaaoueny ionoonoaeai Iaii-
eaiia e niaa?oeoue ia?aai?io. Nai Aiiaia?o ni anai aieneii n?a-
aeaeny a aeaeaeie ?innee, e Ia?eae aue ii/oe iono.

Ieai Iaea aue aac?annoaeai, i?ino e iaae, e eiaiii iiyoiio
ii/oe oaeaeny, ni?aaaoenue ec-ca aeinaaeiiai iaaei?acoiaiey. Ain-
iieueciaaaoenue ionoonoaeai eiia?aoi?a, Iaea i?aaeiieaaae
iauyaeoue i nia?oe Iaiieaiia e i?iaicaeaneoue , i?e yoii ii ?ann/eouaae ia iiaeaea?aeeo aieineeo
/anoae, eiiaiaeiaaoue eioi?uie ii aeieaeai aue iacia/eoue naay nai
i?e iiiiue iiaeeiaeiuo aeieoiaioia!

Aei yoiai Iaea caaaaeyeny a ea/aaieoea oai, /oi iaaeaaae ia-
?aaeioth aaia?aeueneoth oi?io e a oaeii aeaea ?acaoeeaae ii aeai-
?o. Ie?oaeathuea i?eaueee e yoiio, e ieeiio ia iieacaeinue
no?aiiui, /oi 23 ieoya?y 1812 aiaea Iaea a iieiie oi?ia ni nai-
ei ae?oaii aaaaoii Eaoiiii iieeioe ea/aaieoeo e iai?aaeeny a
ai?iae. iiaeioae e aeeaeaeoae eaca?ia e iio?aaiaae
io /aniaiai i?iaanoe aai e eiiaiaee?o. Oiio ii i?aaeuyaee oeaeoth
eeio oaeueoeauo aeieoiaioia, a oii /enea iieo/aiioth niaoeeaeue-
iui eo?uea?ii aeaiaoo i nia?oe Iaiieaiia a ?innee e i?eeac i
iiae/eiaiee aio, Iaea, aa?ieciia noieeoeu. Ioaeiieaiiue ei-
iaiaee? iieea, iio?ynaiiue nia?oueth eiia?aoi?a, iie/a iiae/e-
ieeny.

Caoai Iaea ioi?aaee a oth?ueio Ea-Oi?n, aaea oiieeenue aeaa aai
ae?oaa – aaia?aeu Aeaeaeue e Eaai?i, io?yae nieaeao n iiaeeiaeiui
i?eeacii ia eo inaiaiaeaeaiee, a ae?oaea io?yaeu – ai ana eiioeu
Ia?eaea aeey caoaaoa no?aoaae/aneeo ioieoia. Ca iaeio oieueei ii/ue
iaaeue ieai aacoiiiai aaia?aea iieiinoueth oaeaeny – auee a?an-
oiaaiu ieieno? iieeoeee e i?aoaeo Ia?eaea. E eeoue i?e a?anoa
eiiaiaeaioa ai?iaea i?iecioea ina/ea.

31. Aeao. Aeao – yoi niinia ineoieiae/aneiai aicaeaenoaey ia
ia?oia?ia; au?aaeaaony a oii, /oi ea?ie, eiathuee ieioea ea?-
ou, aeaeaao aeae, /oi o iaai ia ?oeao auea?uoiua ea?ou. A oe?i-
eii niunea aeao icia/aao oiaiea aiooeoue i?ioeaieeai, ie?o-
aeathuei, ia?oia?ai, /oi o aan eiathony neeu, n?aaenoaa, oaeaiou,
aeeyoaeueiua e aiaaoua iie?iaeoaee e o. i. Oi anoue au nicaeaaoa i?a-
oaaee/aiiua i?aaenoaaeaiey i naaa eee i naiae oe?ia. Eia/a yoi
iacuaaaony – . Aeey aoa?enoa oiaoue
aeaoiaaoue – yoi ii/oe oi aea naiia, eae aeey a?oenoa – a?oenoeci,
a aeey ienaoaey – oaioacey e aiia?aaeaiea. Oioy oi?ioee aoa-
?eno iaeaaeaao ea/anoaaie e a?oenoa, e ienaoaey, e ae?aiaoo?aa, e

ineoieiaa.

Nia?aiaiiay aeeciue ii/aio-oi noaaeo oaeea oneiaey ia?aae
eaaeaeui ii?iaeueiui /aeiaaeii, /oi ii/oe ana auioaeaeaiu a nai-
ae aeecie aeaoiaaoue. A nia?aiaiiua i?aaei?eieiaoaee ii/oe ia
noi i?ioeaioia – aeaoenou e aaaioth?enou!

Iiyaeeanue aeaaea iaeay ao?eaooeea aeaoothueo i?aaei?eieia-
oaeae. Ia?ai-iaia?ai ana iacaaiaeyony oeea?iuie aeceoiuie ea?-
oi/eaie ia iaeiaaiiie aoiaaa n cieioi -na?aa?yiui oeniaieai:

AINIIAeEI EICAEOIEEI – AAIA?AEUeIUE I?ACEAeAIO (ia
naiue ooaeie eiiaoe – aeoea-i?aceaeaio eee eniieieoaeueiue aee?ae-
oi?!) niaianoiiai eiioea?ia (Neiaeeeaoa, ei?ii?aoeee, aaiea, no?a-
oiaie eiiiaiee, oiiaea… ia naiue ooaeie eiiaoe – i?inoi oe?iu)
, , , , , e o. i.

Niaianoiia i?aaei?eyoea – iaycaoaeueii n o/anoeai o?ao e ai-
eaa no?ai: ?inneenei-oeinei-oo?aoeeia, oe?aeii-aieaa?nei-eeoae-
neia, oe?aeii-?inneenei-aano?aeeeneia…

‘,–.s Yoi, oae neacaoue, ia?aue o?iaaiue aeaoothueo i?aaei?eie-
[290 jj iaoaeae. O ieo eiaaony oieueei aeiiaoiee oaeaoii, aeceo-

ee e aeaaeo?iay aeaia ia aeiiaoiai oaeaoiia, eniieiythuay ?ieue
aeoea-i?aceaeaioa eee ee/iiai nae?aoa?y ainiiaeeia E.

I?e ia?aoiaea ia aoi?ie yoai a aeceoea iiyaeyaony iiia? oae-
na, aae?an ioena e a?aiaeoaony iiiauaiea. Ca/anooth yoi iiaeaae eee
e?ioioiue eaaeiaoee n aeaoiy noieaie e nooeueyie.

Aeiauaaoue yoe iaaei i/aiue i?inoi! Ie a eiai neo/aa
iaeuecy eaeoe ioeoeeaeueiuie iooai, oi anoue ia?auaoueny a ai?en-
iieeii, iy?eth e oiio iiaeiaiia, iie, auaeaeeoa iai iiiauaiea.
Ieeoi ie/aai i?inoi oae ia auaeaeeo. *eiiaieee aoaeoo io?uaeeoue
e auiiaaoue acyoeo ca ?ac?aoaiea, a iiiooii niiauao a ainoaea?-
noaaiiua einoaioeee: iaeiaiaoth einiaeoeeth, iieeoeeth e o. ae. Nio-
noy ianeieueei aeiae ii aaoaio aae?ano i?eaoaeoo aethnoeoaee ain-
ii?yaeea, eioi?ua i?iaa?yo io/aoiinoue, aeieoiaioaoeeth, ni?aaee
e iio?aaotho any/aneeo ia?a/eneaiee ia eo n/aoa.

Eae oieueei au eoaea-oi /oi-oi ia?a/eneeee e iieacaee naith
i?eaueue – oi aeaeeoa /a?ac ia?o aeiae i?aaenoaaeoaeae io ?yeaoa,
eioi?ua oiaea aeaaeaeoo e o?aaotho naieo ia?a/eneaiee ia ?an/ao-
iua n/aoa… a iiaeii e iaee/iuie.

Aiciiaeii, oaeaea anei?a iaa?yioo e aai iiaea?iay einiaeoeey,
naiyieaeainoaioeey, aiaeii?iaiaeiue eiio?ieue e o. i.

*oiau yoiai ia neo/eeinue, eo/oa ieeoaea e ie e eiio ec /e-
iiaieeia ia oiaeeoue e ie/aai ia i?ineoue. Iiiauaiea iiae ioen
iiaeii niyoue a ethaii o/?aaeaeaiee, aaea anoue oioue eaeea-oi o aan
(aaoae aeaiu e ae?ocae) ciaeiiua.

I?eoiaeeoa ia i?eai e ia?aiio eeoeo e aiai?eoa, /oi aaoa
oe?ia aioiaa niyoue a a?aiaeo eaaeiao n oaeaoiiii (oaenii). Iea-
oeoue aioiau – a ethaie oi?ia. Anee ca aan ii?o/eeenue e aan oi-
?ioi ciatho, oi aiai?eoa, /oi aioiau aaeaiany/ii aeaaaoue noieueei-
oi aeieea?ia iai?yioth ia?aiio eeoeo. ?oeiaiaeeoaeue ana iieiao,
aeano ?anii?yaeaiea, eaeie-oi eaaeiao inaiaiaeyo, eiai-oi iioan-
iyo, nie?aoyo… e au iieo/eoa a naia ?anii?yaeaiea eaaeiao n oa-
eaoiiii, eioi?ue oaia?ue aoaeao iineoue a?iieia eiy – IOEN OE-

?AEINEI-?INNEENEI-AO?EEAINAIAI EIIOeA?IA .

Eiia/ii, oiiue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue ianoieo ia oii, /oi au iiaeie-
oaoa aeiaiai? i niaianoiie n iei aeayoaeueiinoe. Ii ia iaciaao yoi
aeiaiai? naea/ae a a?aiaeo iiiauaiey, oae eae yoi aoaeao iaaieueoei
e?eieiaeii e th?eaee/anee iaoiao noaa?aiaeie, eioi?ay i?anaea-
aony aeanoyie. Au ni/eieoa i?ino?aiiue aeiaiai? i acaeiiuo on-
eoaao, ca eioi?ua yeiau aoaeaoa ia?a/eneyoue iaeoth noiio ia ?an-
/aoiue n/ao.

Ii iaycaoaeueii, e?iia oeacaiiie noiiu ii aeiaiai?o, au aeie-
aeiu aoaeaoa aeaaiaea?eoue aeaiiiai ?oeiaiaeeoaey ia?o ?ac a ianyoe.
Oi?ia iiaeao auoue ethaie: iaee/iua aeieea?u, yueee ni nie?o-
iui, ?inneeneea ?oaee a ia/eao, eiii?oiua i?iaeoeoiaua iaai-
?u a iaeaoao e o. i. Anee au yoiai ia aoaeaoa aeaeaoue n aeieaeiui
oiaieai e ?aciaoii, oi /a?ac ianyoe au iiaeaoa eeoeoueny naiaai
ioena aac anyeeo ia oi iniiaaiee.

Neaaeothuee yoai ?inoa o aeaoothuaai i?aaei?eieiaoaey – yoi
ia ?oeiaiaeeoaeae ianoiie aeanoe. Aeey /aai? *oiau ii-
eo/eoue a naiii oeaio?a ai?iaea ianeieueei eiiiao ia ia?- ^–^s
aii e aoi?ii yoaaea n ioaeaeueiui aoiaeii. ?oeiaiaeyuea IJL291 JJ

/eiiaieee iiaeeoiathony. Iai?eia?, ei aea?yo ia?acoeu iaeaaeaeu,
eioi?ay yeiau iiaeao i?iecaiaeeoueny^ ^>oii ai?iaea. A ia naiii
aeaea yoe ia?acoeu i?eaacaiu ec Iieueoe, Oo?oeee,
Eeoay e o. ae.

Iinea oiai eae aeiaiaa?eaathueany noi?iiu i?eoiaeyo e niaea-
oaieth, ?iaeaeaaony aoiaaa, ii eioi?ie iaeiiaoe-oi auaeaeyaony ii-
iauaiea a oeaio?a ai?iaea.

Ia?aua yoaaee iinea ?aiiioa ooo aea i?aa?auathony a iaaace-
iu, oiiu, eaoa, ?anoi?aiu. A ia aoi?uo yoaaeao – ?aniieaaaao-
ny aaeieieno?aoeey aaoaai i?aaei?eyoey. Aa?oony e?a-
aeeou a aaiea. Ii aianoi oiai /oiau ioe?uoue eaeia-oi i?iecaiae-
noai, aeaooiu caieiathony oai aea, /oi e i?inoua niaeoeyiou –
. Iie i?aaieciauaatho a eo/oai neo/aa oo?aaainoai.
A?aiaeotho naiieao o ainoaea?noaa e ioi?aaeytho aai ca oiaa?ii a
Oo?oeeth, Yie?aou, Aaeiao e ae?oaea no?aiu.

Acyoua e?aaeeou, eiia/ii aea, aeieaeiu iie?uaaoue cao?aou ia
a?aiaeo naiieaoa, ia ?aiiio e iai?oaeiaaiea ioena, ia iieoieo ia-
neieueeeo eiiia?ie, ia iieaoo aea?aeeii?ae-oaeio?aieoaeae e i?i-
/aai ia?niiaea. A naie i?aaiecaoi?u aeieaeiu iie?uaaoueny i?e-
aueueth io iioiea ieceini?oiiai aeaoaaiai eiii?oiiai oiaa?a:

iaeaaeaeu, i?iaeoeoia ieoaiey e o. i. – iiea yoa aaaeinoue aua iieueco-
eny ni?inii.

32. Acyoea. Acyoi/ie/anoai eiaao iiiaiaaeiaoth enoi?eth. Ie-
?iaie iiuo iieacuaaao, /oi acyoi/ie/anoai e ei??oioeey aicie-
eatho e i?ioeaaoatho oai, aaea ia?iae aaaeai, a oaeaea a no?aiao, aaea
eaeoo aeoaieea yeiiiie/aneea i?aia?aciaaiey. Iiyoiio nae/an
?inney aeey ethaeae, ethayueo e oiathueo aeaaaoue acyoee (/oi yaey-
aony ianoiyuei oiaieai e eneonnoaii), a aeaaiia, ioaeathueo naaa
io/ao a oii, aeey /aai aiiaua yoi aeaeaaony, – cieioia aeii.

Acyoee ia ?one a?aee anaaaea: i?e Eaaia III, Aeaenaa Ieoae-
eiae/a, Iao?a Aeaenaaae/a, Aeaaeeie?a Eeuee/a e Eineoa Aenna-
?eiiiae/a. Ii yoiio aii?ino i?ioanni? A. N. Ooaaneee auneacu-
aaaony oae: anee nia?aoue aiaaeeii oioy au oi, /oi auei iaienaii i
i?anooieaieyo aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe a eo?nao enoi?ee e iiiia?aoe-
/aneeo ?aaioao Nieiaueaaa, Oaoeuaaa, Einoiia?iaa, Eeth/aanei-
ai, Ea?aiceia e ae?oaeo ?onneeo enoi?eeia e ioaeeoeenoia, a ?a-
aioao ?onneeo o/aiuo A?aaeianeiai, *e/a?eia, Caaineeia, Aiouea,
a ainiiieiaieyo e iaioa?ao yiioe ?onneiai naiiaea?aeaaey, ii-
eo/eeinue au iaiaei oiiia iienaiee acyoi/ie/anoaa e ae?oaeo i?a-
nooieaiee aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe, niaa?oaaiuo ia i?ioyaeaiee iii-
aeo aaeia.

?onneee th?eno A. I. Oe?yaa ienae: . Aei
eaeiai-oi a?aiaie n/eoaeinue, /oi ?anoeaao acyoi/ie/anoaa i?eoae-
ny ia yiioo Eaiieaea Eeuee/a A?aaeiaaa. Ii, aeaeeii, ioeaeenue.
Iioiio eae i?e ia?ai?eaioaoeee ?innee n iooe nioeeaeecia ia iooue
eaieoaeecia acyoea noaea aeaa?ueth a ?uii/iua ioiioaiey.

Eae ieooo a naiae eieaa ?. Iiaeeaeei e E. Noaia-
. s iia: .

Aea e nia?aiaiiua nioeeieiae/aneea ?ac?aaioee iieacuaatho,
/oi, a ioee/ea io caiaaeiuo no?ai (aaea ?uii/iay yeiiiieea a aa
iuiaoiai aeaea yaeeanue ?acoeueoaoii aeeeoaeueiie yaiethoeee), a
?innee i?ioeann ia?aoiaea e ?uieo eieoeee?iaaei ainoaea?noai, au-
nooieaoaa iaeiia?aiaiii a ?iee e , e . Ii aaaea ia a yoii. Aaaea a oii, /oi ainoaea?noai a ?innee – yoi
ia (o. a. ia einoeooo, ioiaeaeanoaeythuee naay
n iauanoaii, noiyuee o iaai ia neoaeaa e ei aea eiio?iee?oaiue),
a . Einoeooo,
/eiiaie/anoaii a ea/anoaa , a iinaio iiae/eiyth-
uee naaa iauanoai e noiyuee iaae iei.

Ai?i/ai, a iniiaiie naiae ianna a?iey ?inneeneiai /eiia-
ie/anoaa (ii iaeioi?ui aeaiiui, a 1995 aiaeo aa /eneaiiinoue ii-
/oe a iieoi?a ?aca i?aauneea /eneaiiinoue ath?ie?aoe/aneiai ai-
ia?aoa anaai NNN? a 1990 aiaeo) i?ioea ?uiea. Iaeiaei ?a/ue eaeao
i oaeii ?uiea, eioi?ue cae?aieyao e io?aiyao ath?ie?aoeth a
ea/anoaa einoaioeee, aeaeathuae naie
ia eaio e eeoeaicee, eueaioiuo e?aaeeoao e ia-
eiaao, ainoaea?noaaiiuo iiae?yaeao, caeacao e o. ae. Eiaiii oa-
eie – ioe?iaaiii ia?aceoe?othuae ia iin?aaeie/anoaa iaaeaeo
aecianii e ainoaea?noaii – e i?aaenoaao a aeacao ?aniiiaeaioia
?inneeneay ath?ie?aoey. Ianeo/aeii a ?acoeueoaoa iaeiiai nioeei-
eiae/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey a ioaaoa ia aii?in:
aieueoeinoai ii?iuaiiuo ia ia?aia ianoi iinoaaeee e .

Ionthaea auaiaeyony e iniiaiua o?aaiaaiey ethaeae e ainoaea?-
noao: caueoa io ?yeaoa e auiiaaoaeuenoaa /eiiaie/anoaa, nie?a-
uaiea ath?ie?aoe/aneiai aiia?aoa, oi?iuaiea ath?ie?aoe/aneeo
i?ioeaaeo?, ai?ueaa n ei??oioeeae.

Ii inoaaei /eiiaieeia ia a?aiy a iieia. Aaaeue acyoeaie ia
a?acaotho e i?aaenoaaeoaee i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia. Aeiion-
oei, anee au iiiaeenue ca ?oeai a iao?acaii ninoiyiee, 50-100
aeieea?ia iiiiaoo nio?aieoue aiaeeoaeueneea i?aaa, e au ae?oaeanee
i?inoeoanue n einiaeoi?ii.

Ia acyoeao iiiaaeaeenue ?aaioieee aiaieiiaoia, oaiiaeie, aei-
iioi?aaeaiee, i?aiiaeaaaoaee i?anoeaeiuo aocia, aaoineana?e, no-
aeuee e i?ieo?i?u… A iauai, ana oa, eiio nioeeaeueiue noaoon e aeie-
aeiinoiua iaycaiiinoe iicaieytho yenieoaoe?iaaoue naia nianoaai-
iia iieiaeaiea. Ii/oe eaaeaeue iaeneiaeueii yenieoaoe?oao naia
nianoaaiiia e?anei e eniieuecoao aai eneeth/eoaeueii a ea/anoaa en-
oi/ieea iaaeeau.

Ii eaeay naycue iaaeaeo acyoi/ie/anoaii e iioaiie/anoaii? –
ni?ineoa au. Aaaeue iioaiie/anoai – yoi iaiai, ceioiio?aaeaiea
aeiaa?eai. Caaeaaeaaay eiouanoaii, aeoeee ia oieueei iaia- ^–,\
iuaaao, ii e aa?ao, iieo/aao, oaea?aeeaaao eiouanoai eee [J293JJ

aeaiueae. I?e iioaiie/anoaa iaiai ninoaaeyao iniiao aeaenoaee
i?anooieaiey. Oaia?ue i?aaenoaaueoa^oaeie i?eia?. Au i?eoiaeeoa
ia i?eai e i/aiue aaaeiiio aaeieieno?aoi?o, a aai nae?aoa?ue (ii-
iiuiee, oaeio?aieoaeue…) ?acaiaeeo ?oeaie. Iie, e niaeaeaieth,
ainn caiyo a yoii ianyoea, aan i?eiyoue ia iiaeao. I?e yoii iiaeao iaiaeiooue, /oi auaatho iiiaiou, eia-
aea o iaai auaeaaony naiaiaeiay ieiooea… Au aaaeeoa a iaaacei, ii-
eoiaaoa aooueeo o?aioeocneiai eiiueyea e ei?ia-
eo eiioao e n oeuaeie niiaa i?aaenoaaoa ia?aae nae?aoa?ai. Oaeie
– aeaaiaea?iinoue ca oneoae – ia inoaiaony aac acaeiii-
noe. A ooaeoai neo/aa oaea ia ae?oaie aeaiue au aoaeaoa neaeaoue a e?an-
ea eaaeiaoa o ainna.

Oaeei ia?acii, n iiiiuueth aaiaeueiiai iaiaia ioaaonoaaiiia
eeoei eaeao ia auiiaaiea . E oio aea aaeieieno?a-
oi?, aeinooi e eioi?iio i?aaieciaae nae?aoa?ue, oiaea iiaeao i?e-
aeoiaoue /oi-ieaoaeue ia ionoonoaee ioaeiuo aai oneoa, oiaa?ia, e?a-
aeeoia e o. ae. Oieueei a yoio ?ac o?aioeocneei eiiueyeii ia ioaea-
eaoueny.

Ai iiiaeo neo/ayo iieo/aoaeue acyoee – yoi eeoei, aeey eioi-
?iai oaeea iaiaoa?eaeueiua iiiyoey, eae niaanoue, /anoue, aanei?u-
noea, aeaai?iaenoai, iii?inoo eeoaiu niaea?aeaiey, iaoeiaeiu,
eai ii ia aeaeeo yeaeaaeaioa iaoa?eaeueiiio aiaaonoao – e?oaei-
io n/aoo a aaiea ca ?oaaaeii, /a?iiio , ianneaiiio
cieioiio ia?noith n a?eeeeaioii e o. ae. Iioiio e ia aicieeaao aeey
iaai aii?ina: a?aoue eee ia a?aoue? A?aoue, ?acoiaaony, ii aeeo?ao-
ii. Ia aeae Aia auoue iieiaiiui. I?e/ai aeey acyoi/ieea niaa?-
oaiii ia eiaao cia/aiey, n eiai e i?e eaeeo ianoiyoaeuenoaao ii
iieo/eo aiciaa?aaeaeaiea. Ii ii?aeueii aioia aa iieo/eoue e n /a-
eiaaea, iioa?yaoaai naieo aeeceeo, e n /aeiaaea, niaa?oathuaai
oi?aeanoaaiiue aeo a?aeini/aoaiey. Ii /oi aieueoa anaai aieio-
ao, oae yoi oi, /oi oeeie/iua aeaenoaey iioaiieea-acyoi/ieea
aeaeyo aai iiae/eiaiiua e nianai iieiaeua ?aaioieee, eioi?ua ia/-
ioo a?aoue i?eia? ni naiaai oaoa.

Ii eaeia aea aeayiea n/eoaaony acyoi/ie/anoaii? A yoii a?ai-
iii ie?a oae /anoi i?eoiaeeony eiaoue aeaei n aeaiueaaie – a?aoue eo
o eiai-oi, ioaeaaaoue, ?aniea/eaaoueny, ia?aaiaeeoue, oa?youe, iaoi-
aeeoue, /oi iaeeoia th?eaee/anee ciaoue, aaea oa a?aiue, eioi?ay ioaea-
eyao naiaiaeo io oth?aiiie ?aoaoee.

Acyoi/ie/anoai ioiineony e oyaeeei i?anooieaieyi (niio-
?eoa aeaao ). Iioaiieee, caieiathueany
auiiaaoaeuenoaii iin?aaenoaii acyoie, ia?ooatho io?aiyaiua ca-
eiiii i?aaa e eioa?anu ioaeaeueiuo a?aaeaeai. Naiia iianiia aeie-
aeiinoiia i?anooieaiea – iieo/aiea acyoee. N?aco iiaeii iiyn-
ieoue, /oi iiae aeieaeiinoiuie eeoeaie iiieiathony a?aaeaeaia, ii-
noiyiii eee a?aiaiii inouanoaeythuea ooieoeee i?aaenoaaeoaeae
aeanoe, a oaeaea caieiathuea, iinoiyiii eee a?aiaiii, a aino-
aea?noaaiiuo eee iauanoaaiiuo o/?aaeaeaieyo, i?aaiecaoeeyo eee
-ia i?aaei?eyoeyo aeieaeiinoe, naycaiiua n i?aaiecaoeeiiii-?ani?a-
aeaeeoaeueiuie eee aaeieieno?aoeaii-oicyenoaaiiuie iaycaiii-
noyie eee auiieiythuea oaeea iaycaiiinoe a oeacaiiuo o/?aae-
.–.s aeaieyo, i?aaiecaoeeyo e ia i?aaei?eyoeyo ii niaoeeaeueii-
[294 jj io iieiiii/eth.

Iiaeeaaeao ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca iieo/aiea acyoee e oa ?aaioie-
ee, eioi?ua, a neeo naiaai neoaeaaiiai iieiaeaiey e auiieiya-
iuo eie iaycaiiinoae, iiaee ca acyoeo i?eiyoue ia?u e niaa?oa-
ieth ae?oaeie aeieaeiinoiuie eeoeaie aeaenoaee, aeaeaoaeueiuo aeey
acyoeiaeaoaeae.

A ea/anoaa acyoee aeieaeiinoiiio eeoeo iiaoo auoue ia?aaeaiu
?acee/iua aaue, (aaoiiiaeeue, iaaaeue, oaea- eee ?aaeeiaiia?aoo-
?a), aeaiueae, i?iaeoeou, nie?oiua iaieoee e ae?oaea iaoa?eaeueiua
oeaiiinoe a aeaea aioeeaa?eaoa eee eieeaeoeeiiiua i?aaeiaou (ii-
iaou, ia?ee). Eae acyoea ioeaieaaaony e aanieaoiia iieo/aiea
/aai-eeai, iiaeeaaeauaai iieaoa (iai?eia?, aanieaoiay iooaaea ia
Eaia?u, aanieaoiue i?iacae eaeei-eeai o?ainii?oii, oeaiiua ao-
iaae, oeaiiua aaue ii cia/eoaeueii iaiueoae oeaia). Acyoea iiaeao
auoue iieo/aia eae ca ii?aaeaeaiiua aeaenoaey (iai?eia?, iineia-
neay i?iienea, i?aaeinoaaeaiea aia i/a?aaee eaa?oe?u, ?anii?y-
aeaiea ia ioionea aeaoeoeeoiuo oiaa?ia), oae e ca aicaea?aeaiea io
eiie?aoiuo aeaenoaee, eioi?ua aeiiaiue, a neeo naieo neoaeaa-
iuo iaycaiiinoae, aeieaeai aue niaa?oeoue: i?iaanoe eiaaioa?e-
caoeeth, aooaaeoa?neoth ?aaeceth, ninoaaeoue i?aaeeueiue iaeiaiaue
io/ao e oaio iiaeiaiia.

Iaaei oaeaea iiiieoue, /oi iaiaeiie?aoiia iieo/aiea acyoee
i?aaeiieaaaao niaa?oaiea yoiai i?anooieaiey ia iaiaa aeaoo ?ac.
Iaeiia?aiaiiia iieo/aiea acyoee io ianeieueeeo eeoe, anee a ei-
oa?anao eaaeaeiai acyoeiaeaoaey niaa?oaaony ioaeaeueiia aeaenoaea,
oaeaea ?anoeaieaaaony eae i?anooieaiea, niaa?oaaiia iaiaeiie-
?aoii.

Iiae auiiaaoaeuenoaii iiieiaaony o?aaiaaiea aeieaeiinoiui
eeoeii acyoee iiae oa?icie niaa?oaiey ii neoaeaa oaeeo aeaenoaee,
eioi?ua iiaoo i?e/eieoue oua?a caeiiiui eioa?anai acyoeiaea-
oaey eeai oiuoeaiiia nicaeaiea iineaaeiaio oaeeo oneiaee, i?e
eioi?uo ii auioaeaeai aeaoue acyoeo aeey i?aaeioa?auaiey a?aaeiuo
iineaaenoaee aai eioa?anai, io?aiyaiui caeiiii. Eae auiiaa-
oaeuenoai ?anniao?eaaaony e o?aaiaaiea acyoee ca oaeiaeaoai?aiea
caeiiiie i?inueau acyoeiaeaoaey, eioi?oth aeieaeiinoiia eeoei auei
iaycaii e eiaei aiciiaeiinoue ?aaeueii auiieieoue, ia i?aauoay
naieo iieiiii/ee.

Ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca iieo/aiea acyoee ianooiaao iacaaeneii
io a?aiaie ia?aaea/e aa aeieaeiinoiiio eeoeo – aei eee iinea niaa?-
oaiey ei aeaeaoaeueiiai aeey acyoeiaeaoaey aeayiey (aeaenoaey eee
aacaeaenoaey), a oaeaea iacaaeneii io oiai, auea ee acyoea ca?aiaa
iaoneiaeaia.

E oaieiaiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe i?eaeaeathony ia oieueei aeieae-
iinoiua eeoea, aa?ouea acyoee, ii e oa, eoi aeaao acyoee, – ethaua
a?aaeaeaia iacaaeneii io eo neoaeaaiiai e eiiai iieiaeaiey. Ii io
iaeacaiey inaiaiaeaeaaony eeoei, a ioiioaiee eioi?iai eiaei ian-
oi auiiaaoaeuenoai acyoee.

Inaiaiaeaeaaony io oaieiaiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe e oio, eoi aeia-
?iaieueii cayaeo i neo/eaoainy. I?e yoii iiae/a?eiai: aeia?i-
aieueiia cayaeaiea i aea/a acyoee, inaiaiaeaeathuaa io oaieiaiie
ioaaonoaaiiinoe, i?aaeiieaaaao ia?auaiea n oaeei cayaeaieai –
eee onoiui, eee ienueiaiiui – a ieeeoeeth, i?ieo?aoo- ‘ ,
?O> noae eeai a eiie ainoaea?noaaiiue i?aai, naeaeaiiia 1[295]

acyoeiaeaoaeai iacaaeneii io iioeaia, ii ia a nayce n oai, /oi i
niaa?oaiiii ei i?anooieaiee oaea^noaei ecaanoii i?aaiio?aie-
oaeueiui i?aaiai.

Ecuyoua aeaiueae e ae?oaea oeaiiinoe, yaeythueany i?aaeiaoii
acyoee e i?eciaiiua aauanoaaiiui aeieacaoaeuenoaii, iiaeeaaeao
ia?auaieth a aeioiae ainoaea?noaa.

I?aaeoniio?aia oaieiaiay ioaaonoaaiiinoue e ca iin?aaeie/a-
noai ai acyoi/ie/anoaa. Iii au?aaeaaony a iaiin?aaenoaaiiie ia-
?aaea/a i?aaeiaoa acyoee ii ii?o/aieth oiai, eoi aeaao acyoeo, eee
oiai, eoi aa aa?ao. I?e yoii ia eiaao cia/aiey, iieo/ee ee ii-
n?aaeiee io acyoeiaeaoaey eee acyoeiiieo/aoaey eaeia-eeai aic-
iaa?aaeaeaiea.

A i?eaaoiuo aanaaeao i acyoeao aiai?eoue aiiaua ia noaniytho-
ny, ioiinynue e naio yaeaieth eae e ia/oi naii niaie ?acoiathua-
iony, iaecaaaeiiio e ie/ooue ia iinouaeiiio. Iaei-iiiaeo a ia-
uanoaa neiaeeeinue oaaaeaeaiea, /oi ana e ca ana. Iaei oiai,
iauaaoaeue yoi aeaeeo e i?ae?anii iiieiaao. Iai?eia?, a iaeiii ec
iiaeiineiaiuo ?aeiiia ianoiua aeeoaee i?e ano?a/a ieiei eieiae-
oea ethaeee iinoaea/eoue i aeaaa aaeieieno?aoeee, eioi?ue aeeaao . E eiaee ia oaeea ?acaiai?u ana iniiaaiey.
?acaa ne?iaoue io ethaeae aeaa o/anoea ii 12 nioie, eioi?ua /eiia-
iee iiaea?ee naiei ?iaenoaaiieeai. Aea e ia auei aieueoie oaeiu a
oii, /oi caieth acyoi/ieeo iiaea?eee aiaiiua, eioi?ui ii auaea-
eee iacaeiiii aeaa aaeoa?a caiee. ioaeae aeaaa aaeie-
ieno?aoeee e aeaa eaaeiaoa iiae neeaaeu. I?eiaeae naiueth – ooau e
iaoaue, iiaea?aiiua aeaaiaea?iuie eiiia?naioaie, i?eoeenue enoa-
oe noi?oaa e aeaoyi.

Ineoieiae caiaoeee, /oi acyoeo ca niaa?oaiea ioaeiiai aeaea
aioia acyoue ii/oe eaaeaeue /eiiaiee. E oai ia iaiaa iiuoiue
acyoeiaeaoaeue ciaao, eiio aa ioaeii aeaaaoue. Iiaeii cao?aoeoue ia
acyoee iaiueoa e iieo/eoue aaeanyoa?i aieueoee yooaeo.

Aeaaaoue acyoeo – oeaeia eneonnoai. I?ioanneiiaeueiua acyoi/-
ieee – i/aiue oiieea ineoieiae e ii aeacai /aeiaaea ii?aaeaey-
tho ia oieueei oi, noieo eee iao caaiaeeoue ?a/ue i aeaiueaao, ii aeaaea
?acia? icaeu. Iiuoiue acyoeiaeaoaeue ieeiaaea ia i?eoiaeeo ia ?ac-
aiai? n /eiiaieeii iaeei – iau/ii i?eoaaouaaao n niaie aeiaa-
?aiiia eeoei, eioi?iio ia a?aiy e aeiaa?yaony n ia-
ee/iinoueth. Iiea eaeao ?acaiai? a eaaeiaoa, aeiaa?aiiia eeoei noi-
eo a ei?eaei?a. *a?ac /an-iieoi?a, eiaaea eeeaio
ieii/aoaeueii, acyoeiaeaoaeue aucuaaao eieeaao n .

Aiiaua aea, ii aeaiiui i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia, a ?in-
nee eiee/anoai aeieaeiinoiuo i?anooieaiee, a oii /enea e acyoi/-
ie/anoaa, ca iineaaeiea aiaeu cia/eoaeueii au?inei. A oeeo?ao yoi
auaeyaeeo oae: a 1991 aiaeo acyee 2540 icaeieioeaa, a 1992-i – 3331,
a 1993-i – 4497, a 1994-i – 4914, a 1995-i e 1996-i – aieaa 6000
a eaaeaeii. Naiuie aa?oueie ?aaioieeaie e icaeieioeaie, eae e
iieiaeaii, ieacaeenue /eiiaieee ec i?aaiia aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey:

943 /aeiaaea . Aoi?ia i?eiaae-
eaaeeo ?aaioieeai o?ainii?oa – caeanue 413 icaeieioeaa. Ia o?aoueai
i?iiuoeaiieee – 3 53 ia?ooaiey. Noa?a oi?aiaee a o?ieeo i?e-
‘–\ ca?ia ia aoiaeeo- 304. A oeiainiai-e?aaeeoiay nenoaia,
(296JJ eioi?oth i?i/eee a i?eciaeee, caiyea eeoue iyoia ianoi –

auyaeai eeoue 261 acyoi/iee. Iaaei neacaoue, /oi a yoe aeaiiua, acy-
oua ca ia?aoth iieiaeio 1995 aiaea, aoiaeyo oieueei caoeene?iaai-
iua ieeeoeeae acyoi/ieee. N/eoaaony, /oi yoi eeoue aeanyoay /anoue
. Eaeea aea oneiaey niinianoaotho acy-
oi/ie/anoao? A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue iaeuecy ia neacaoue i i?ioaeoeeiiec-
ia (n eaoeineiai – caueoa, iie?iaeoaeuenoai).

A iaoa a?aiy ?aoaiea e ono?ienoai eaeeo-oi iaiaoiaeeiuo
aeae ia iaoiaeeony aac o/anoey a ieo ?aciuo aeeyoaeueiuo eeoe. Aoaeue
oi ?ani?aaeaeaiea oneoa eee oiaa?ia a iieueco ?iaenoaaiieeia eee
ciaeiiuo, iiaeai? e ?annoaiiaea eaae?ia ia oi?ioi iiea/eaaaiii
iauaeoa eee a caaaaeaiee, ?ani?aaeaeaiea eee auaeaeaiea eueaioiuo
e?aaeeoia, i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ieiuaaeae, o?aieeeu, iai?oaeiaaiey,
ono?ienoai ia auaiaeioth ?aaioo eee o/aao a i?anoeaeiue aoc, oaeia-
eaoai?aiea ?acee/iuo cai?inia e ioaeae a noa?a ianeoaeeaaiey ia-
naeaiey.

A ethaii neo/aa iianiinoue i?ioaeoeeiiecia ninoieo a oii,
/oi aeeyoaeueiia eeoei ioaeano auaiaeiue oiaa? eee aeaei a oeaeii
ii?aaeaeaiiui eeoeai, ?ann/eouaay a aoaeouai iieo/eoue n yoi-
ai i?eaueue eee e?oiiia ?aciaia aiciaa?aaeaeaiea. Iaeuecy ia ni-
aeaneoueny n iiaieai th?enoia, eioi?ua aiai?yo, /oi i?inoua
ethaee, iaaethaeay ca iani?aaaaeeeaui ?ani?aaeaeaieai aeaa e o. i.,
i?eienuaatho yoi e icaeieinoao e, ia eiay aiciiaeiinoe i?e-
aaaiooue e aeeyoaeueiiio iie?iaeoaeuenoao, ?aoathony ia aea/o
acyoee.

Eae ?ac aeaaiaea?y i?ioaeoeeiiecio i/aiue /anoi ia ioaaonoaai-
iua aeieaeiinoe a i?aaiao ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey e iaua-
noaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeeyo i?iieeatho eeoea n niiieoaeueiui ii?aeue-
iui iaeeeii.

Ia iaiaa aaaeiui ianoiyoaeuenoaii aeey aea/e acyoee yaeyaony
iaee/ea eaeeo-eeai aeaoeoeeoia i?e aaaeaiee aeciana. Yoi auaeaea-
iea anyeiai ?iaea i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ieiuaaeae, e?aaeeoia, iaoa?e-
aeia e iai?oaeiaaiey. A iauae no?oeoo?a acyoi/ie/anoaa aieaa ii-
eiaeiu eaeoo ca yoe oneoae.

Eaaeaeie no?oeoo?a aeanoe niioaaonoaoao naie niinia aea/e acyo-
ee. Aicueiai iaeioi?ua…

. Eeiaeiay no?oeoo?a – aic-
iiaeia i?e aaieyo oi?aaeaiey e aaneiio?ieueii aeaenoaothuae ne-
noaia oi?aaeaiey, eiaaea ethaie oi?aaeythuee neaiae i?eaiaeeo a
iaiaaeeaiiia aeaenoaea ethaiai eniieieoaey…

Eae aeaaaoue acyoee a yoie no?oeoo?a? ssnii, /oi a eeiaeii-oea-
ii/iie eaoaai?ee ioaeii aeaaaoue iaeio oi?iooth acyoeo, ii i/aiue
oi/ii. Aeaaaoue a naiii ieco – iaauaiaeii: ?yaeiaie eniieieoaeue
iiaeao auoue niaiai, e eiioeia caoai ia nuuaoue. Aeaaaoue ia naiii
aa?oo – aanniuneaiii: iau/ii ai aeaaa noieo iaiiaeeoiiue ia-
?iaea?. Iaaei auae?aoue iaaeaeaei io iaai.

. Ia eaaeaeiai ?aai/aai ii eiio?iea?o-
iiaiiyea e aac?acaeaeueiue naiiaea?aeaoe iaaa?oo: aeaeai, ii iaaei-
nyaaai.

Yoio aeae no?oeoo?u aeanoe aeinooiai aeey acyoee iniaui ia?a-
cii – acyoeie eee iaeaoii acyoie iaaei iie?uaaoue anth o?aoaie-
eo, i?e/ai ia iaycaoaeueii aeinoeaaoue aa?oeiu – aei iaa ana ^–^
?aaii aeieaeao naiy ioaeiay, aaniiay /anoue. IJ297J

Iaeiei ec iianiuo iooae aeey acyoeiaeaoaeae ya-
eyaony i?iaoeea ii no?oeoo?a^eiaioaii^aaoi?aie eieae

.

– aeaneo ia?iae-
iay ioae?inoue. Ieacuaaaony, niaa?oaiii ioeai/ii… Anee au /a-
eiaae ia ?eneiaue eee iii?inoo o?oniaaoue, oi iiaeaoa acyoue
.…

Iaeaieaa i?aaei?eei/eaua acyoeiiieo/aoaee anaaaea eiatho a
naiai a?naiaea n?aaenoaa, i?eiaiyy eioi?ua iie ia ianoo oaieia-
iie ioaaonoaaiiinoe aeaaea ii iuiaoiei aeaenoaothuei caeiiai.
I?eaaaeai iaeioi?ua ec ieo: , a?o/a-
iea aeieaeiinoiiio eeoeo iiaea?eia, noaaie?ia, oeaiiinoae a nayce n
thaeeaeiuie aeaoaie eee eiuie niauoeyie a aai aeecie. Iioiio
eae a caeiia aiai?eony, /oi ecaea/aiea aeieaeiinoiui eeoeii io-
oai eniieueciaaiey naiaai neoaeaaiiai iieiaeaiey auaiae iaeio-
uanoaaiiiai oa?aeoa?a ia ia?acoao ninoaaa aeaiiiai i?anooiea-
iey a nayce n ionoonoaeai aai i?aaeiaoa – acyoee. Ia yaeyaony
acyoeie iieo/aiea eeoeii iocuaia, ?aoeaicee, ?aeiiaiaeaoeee, oa-
?aeoa?enoee, ia ioaa/athueo aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, i?eioaeaeaiea e
niaeeoaeuenoao iiae/eiaiiie ii neoaeaa aeaiueiu. I?e ii?aaeaeai-
iuo oneiaeyo, anee yoe aeaenoaey niaa?oaiu aeieaeiinoiui ee-
oeii ec ei?unoiie eee ee/iie caeioa?aniaaiiinoe e i?e/eieee
nouanoaaiiue a?aae ainoaea?noaaiiui, iauanoaaiiui eee ee/iui
eioa?anai, iie ia?acotho ceioiio?aaeaiea aeanoueth eee neoaeaa-
iui iieiaeaieai.

I?ioeann aea/e acyoee anaaaea i?ienoiaeeo n aeaco ia aeac e aac
iinoi?iiieo eeoe. Ii a iineaaeiaa a?aiy, eiaaea ?ene iieo/eoue aeaiueae iiiaie?aoii aic?in (ia eneeth/aii, /oi, aeaaay acyo-
eo, icaeieioea eee i?inoi iiaenoaaeytho, eee i?iaa?ytho ?aaioieee ioaeaea ii ai?ueaa n yeiiiie/aneeie i?anooiea-
ieyie), iiiaea /eiiaieee i?aaeii/eoatho a?aoue acyoee ia
iaee/iinoueth, a ii noa?ie ?inneeneie o?aaeeoeee eee ?acee/iuie oneoaaie. Ca ?ac?aoaiea a?aiaeiaaoue oio eee
eiie caaiaeee eee aeanyoie-ae?oaie aaeoa?ia caiee /eiiaiee (aee-
?aeoi? caaiaea eee eeoei, oiieiiii/aiiia ?anii?yaeaoueny caieae)
iiaeao iieo/eoue a aeaea iiaea?ea ia aeaiue ?iaeaeaiey eee

a Ia?naaean > iineaaeiae iiaeaee. A a ii?yaeea oneoae – e?oec ii N?a-
‘ aeecaiiiio ii?th eee aea/iue o/anoie iaaeaeaei io ai?iaea e ii oea-
iai 1985 aiaea.

Ca /oi aea i?eoiaeeony aeaaaoue? O/aiua iiaen/eoaee, /oi ii/oe
30 i?ioeaioia acyoie eaeao aeeyoaeueiui eeoeai aeey nicaeaiey eii-
ia?naioai aeaaii?eyoiuo oneiaee aeey eo aeayoaeueiinoe eee ia-
aini?aiyonoaiaaiey iaeioi?ui ia/enoui aeaeeoeai. Ieiei 20
‘ >s i?ioeaioia – inaiaiaeaeaiea io oaieiaiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe,
(298JJ 8 i?ioeaioia – iieo/aiea iiaeeiaeiiai aeieoiaioa; noieueei

aea ca i?iyaeaiea aacaeayoaeueiinoe e oiie/aiea i?e i?iaa?eao e
?aaeceyo; 7 i?ioeaioia – iieo/aiea ioaeiuo oiaa?ia eee ieaca-
iea ee/iuo oneoa a eioa?anao eiiia?/aneeo i?aaiecaoeee; 6,5 –
iieo/aiea aeeeuey; 6 – inaiaiaeaeaiea io aaeieieno?aoeaiie eee
aeenoeeieeia?iie ioaaonoaaiiinoe; 5 – eiie?aoiua oi?iu neo-
aeaaiiai iie?iaeoaeuenoaa; 7 – auaea/a aiaeeoaeueneeo i?aa; 3,5 –
iacia/aiea ia aeieaeiinoue; 4 – iinooieaiea ia o/aao; 3,5 – i?i-
ienea; 5 – inaiaiaeaeaiea io iaeacaiey aiaeeoaeae, ia?ooeaoeo
i?aaeea aaciianiinoe aeaeaeaiey eee yenieoaoaoeee o?ainii?oa;

1 – iiiauaiea a aieueieoeo eee ieacaiea iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue;

3 – auaeaeaiea iaaeaeia iiae aea/iia no?ieoaeuenoai e naaeiaua o/a-
noee.

E /oi eioa?anii: ii/oe a 9 ec 10 neo/aaa acyoee iieo/aeenue
ca niaa?oaiea iacaeiiiuo eeai iai?aaiia?iuo aeaenoaee e eeoue
a iaeiii ec 10 ca i?aaiia?iua aeaenoaey.

A iineaaeiaa a?aiy acyoee ana ?aaea aa?oony ec ia?auo ?oe. Eo
i?eiinyo iau/ii i?eaeeaeaiiua eeoea e ioaeatho oaeei
aea i?eaeeaeaiiui e ainnai eeoeai. Aeaaea anee ai a?aiy i?ioeaaeo-
?u ia?aaea/e ii?ooaey eo caaea?aeao ?aaioieee i?aaiio?aieoaeue-
iuo i?aaiia, e oio e ae?oaie ia aeii?ina aoaeoo iie/aoue eae eaiai-
iua e ieeiaaea ia naeaaeoo naieo oaoia.

Iaaei neacaoue, /oi ?acia?u acyoie ia iaeie e oa aea aeaeu oneoa
?anooo ia ii aeiyi, a ii /anai. Anee ?aiueoa ca ouny/o aeieea?ia
ethaie /eiiaiee ?ac?aoee au i?aaei?eieiaoaeth auaacoe ca a?a-
ieoeo ninoaa n neae?neei eaae?ii, oi nae/an oaeoth noiio ii ni/oao
ee/iui inei?aeaieai e nai iiaeao naeaoue acyoeiaeaoaey ieeeoeee
eee ae?oaei i?aaiai.

Oianoii aniiiieoue enoi?eth n eeaaneei oooaieueiui eeoaii
. *aiieii Oe?aeiu a oa/aiea iaaeaee aueauaaaeai ec
Eeae /aiieiiia e aeeneaaeeoeoee?iaai ia o?e aiaea. Oaeia ?aoa-
iea i?eiyea aeenoeeieeia?iay eiienney OAOA, oee/ea eeaaeyi
ai acyoea (ii iaeiie ec aa?nee, 30 000 aeieea?ia e ii?eiaua ooau),
eioi?oth oa i?aaeeiaeeee eniaineiio oooaieueiiio noaeuea Aioiiei
Oanono Eiiano Ieaoi ca noaeaenoai iao/a n a?a/an-
eie eiiaiaeie. Noaeuey niiauee ia yoii a Aa?iiaeneee oooaieueiue
nithc n?aco iinea iiiuoee iiaeeoia, aua aei ea?u. Oaeei ia?acii,
aaniethoii ni?aaaaeeeaay iiaaaea eeaaeyi ni n/aoii 1:0 ieacaeanue
aeanoiei aeaaaeueae?iaaia ?oeiaiaenoaii .

A eaeeo aea ianoao iaeaieaa /anoi ano?a/athony acyoi/ieee?

Ia nae?ao, /oi /aua aa?oo acyoee oa, eiai i?eiyoi iacuaaoue
eeoeaie aeeyoaeueiuie eee aeieaeiinoiuie. Eoi yoi?

1. I?aaenoaaeoaee aeanoe. *eiiaieee. Yoi e aeaiooaou Aeoiu,
?aaioieee i?ieo?aoo?u, noaea, ainoaea?noaaiiie einiaeoeee. E eo
/eneo ioiinyony e ?aaioieee ?acee/iuo i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey, a
neeo caieiaaiie aeieaeiinoe iaaeaeaiiua anaaiciiaeiuie iieii-
ii/eyie (iai?eia?, iia?aoeaiue ninoaa neoaea, ioaeaeia, ioaeaea-
iee e oi?aaeaiee nenoaiu IAAe ?O). Iaaeaeaiiua ooieoeeae aea-
noe, yoe ethaee iiiiaoo ca icaeo ?aoeoue iiiaea aii?inu.

2. Eeoea, caieiathuea a i?aaiecaoeeyo, o/?aaeaeaieyo e ia
i?aaei?eyoeyo aeieaeiinoe, naycaiiua n auiieiaieai i?aaiecaoee-
iiii-?anii?yaeeoaeueiuo iaycaiiinoae. E iei ioiinyony (. >.
oicyenoaaiiua ?oeiaiaeeoaee i?aaei?eyoee, o/?aaeaeaiee, |[299]

i?aaiecaoeee, eo caianoeoaee, ia/aeueieee (caaaaeothuea, ?oeiai-
aeeoaee) oeeeaeia, ioaeaeia, oeaoia, iauaeoia, o/anoeia, naeoi?ia,
a?oii e ae?oaeo no?oeoo?iuo iiae?acaeaeaiee iacaaeneii io eo iae-
iaiiaaiey e aaaeiinoaaiiie iiae/eiaiiinoe. Ana iie – eiiaiaee-
?u i?iecaiaenoa e eiatho ooao iiae/eiaiiuo.

3. Eeoea, auiieiythuea aaeieieno?aoeaii-oicyenoaaiiua iay-
caiiinoe. A iniiaiii yoi oa, eoi naycai, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue, n ?an-
ii?yaeaieai eee oi?aaeaieai ainoaea?noaaiiui eaee iauanoaai-
iui eiouanoaii, i?aaiecaoeeae iieo/aiey eeai ioionea, ioa?oc-
eie oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae e eiio?ieai ca yoeie

iia?aoeeyie, i?aaiecaoeeae ?aaeecaoeee oiaa?ia (i?iaeoeoia), on-
eoaaie a oi?aothueo niaaaeai/aneeo i?aaiecaoeeyo, o/anoeaie ii
ianeoaeeaaieth ianaeaiey ia i?aaei?eyoee oi?aiaee, iauanoaai-
iiai ieoaiey, a auoiaie, eiiioiaeueiie, iaaeeoeeineie, o?ainii?-
oiie e eiuo noa?ao, n aeaeaeaieai iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae, ii-
eo/aieai e auaea/ae aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa e aeieoiaioia, ia/eneaie-
ai ca?aaioiie ieaou.

4. Eeoea, eioi?ua inouanoaeytho ooieoeee i?aaenoaaeoaeae aea-
noe eeai auiieiytho ooieoeeiiaeueii-?anii?yaeeoaeueiua eee aae-
ieieno?aoeaiua ooieoeee. E eo /eneo ioiinyony i?aaenaaeaoaee e
/eaiu oiaa?euaneeo noaeia (anee naaiaeiy aua oaeea nouanoaotho),
iauanoaaiiua einiaeoi?a, ?aaeci?u e eiio?iea?u, aiaooaoiua
einiaeoi?a ioieoeeiaeeoaoia, ?oeiaiaeeoaee e /eaiu aeia?iaieue-
iuo ae?oaeei e iia?aoeaiuo io?yaeia, eiiia?aoeaiua neoaeau nun-
ea, aooaaeoa?neeo oneoa e o. ae.

I?e na?ueaciuo naeaeie noiyo aea-
nyoee-nioie ouny/ aeieea?ia. Aaethoiay iaee/iinoue ia?aaeaaony ec
?oe a ?oee /ooue ee ia /aiiaeaiaie. ?aaeeee ia/aeueiee oaiiaeai-
iiai oi?aaeaiey auneaeeaaao ia naiai ianoa aieueoa aiaea. Ii e ca
yoio n?ie ii ia ooiaeeo n iinoa aac iaineiia a aeaea aeaooyoaaeiiai
eiooaaeaea e ee/iiai .

E yoi iiaeoaa?aeaeatho oaeou. Ii n?aaiaieth n 1994 aiaeii a 1995-
i ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiuo acyoi/ieeia noaei ia oanoue i?ioeaioia
iaiueoa. Ii oae eoi-eoi, a iia?aoeaieee ciatho, /oi icaeieioeaa
?aii caiineoue a . E ia a oii oieueei aeaei, /oi ooaea
noaea ?aaioaoue ieeeoeey. Ii iiaieth niaoeeaeenoia, a iaoai aino-
aea?noaa ana naeaeaii aeey oiai, /oiau naanoe e ieieioio noa?o i?e-
iaiaiey ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca ei??oioeeth. I?aeoe/anee iaiiaenoaeai
noae ieano i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuo i?aaiia aeanoe. Ec-ca iniaiai ii?yae-
ea aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiuo aeae iaaiciiaeii i?eaea/ue e ioaaonoaai-
iinoe noaeaaiuo ?aaioieeia. Iaiaei neiaeiinoae aeey i?eiyoey
?aoaiee a ioiioaiee iiiaeo eaoaai?ee ainoaea?noaaiiuo neoaea-
ueo.

Aieueoa oiai, i/aiue aeieai ianoaeaeaaony aii?in i oii, /oi ia nea-
aeoao i?eaeaeaoue e oaieiaiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca iieo/aiea acyo-
ee neoaeaueo i?aaei?eyoee niaoaiiie oi?iu nianoaaiiinoe.
A aaaeue, ii aeaiiui iaeiaiauo i?aaiia, ec aeaoo n iieiaeiie iee-
_ -.s eeiiia i?aaei?eyoee aeiey ainoaea?noaaiiuo e ioieoeeiaeue-
[300]| iuo ninoaaeyao anaai oanoue n iieiaeiie i?ioeaioia. Ioaa-

ao i?aaiio?aieoaeae e oi, /oi n?aaee i?aaei?eyoee ni niaoaiiie
oi?iie nianoaaiiinoe iaiaei aeaaioia, ia eioi?uo ?aaioaao ai-
eaa 70 ouny/ /aeiaae. Iiaeii i?aaenoaaeoue naaa iineaaenoaey ia-
iiaenoaeiinoe ca acyoee aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe.

Iieaieea iieaieeie, ii ai iiiaeo ?aaeiiao iia auea ain-
i?eiyoa eae ?oeiaiaenoai e aeaenoaeth, eioi?ia ia ianoao ia/aee
eniieiyoue n aieueoei ?aaieai’, /ai oeacu i?aceaeaioa. Ca iieaiaea
(1995) auei ioeacaiUa aicaoaeaeaiee oaieiaiuo aeae ii/oe ii 100
iaoa?eaeai i acyoi/ie/anoaa.

Ia?aie/aiiia oieeiaaiea iicaieyao
oeoe io ioaaonoaaiiinoe iiiaei ?oeiaiaeeoaeyi no?oeoo?, a ei-
oi?uo cia/eoaeueiay/aeiey eiouanoaa i?eiaaeeaaeeo ainoaea?noao.
A oai, ii oaaaeaeaieth niaoeeaeenoia ii yeiiiie/aneei i?anooi-
eaieyi, i?ioeaaoatho aanueia na?ueaciua ia?ooaiey: io ia?a/en-
eaiey e?oiiuo noii ii oaeueoeaui ieaoaaeiui aeieoiaioai,
iieo/aiey acyoie ca auaea/o caaaaeiii aacaica?aoiuo e?aaeeoia,
i?aaeinoaaeaiey iaiainiiaaiiuo eueaio caaiueeai, i?iaeeaiey
e?aaeeoiuo aeiaiai?ia aei eniieueciaaiey ia ii iacia/aieth oaaea-
?aeueiuo e?aaeeoia, noaneaeee (a oii /enea a ei?unoiuo oeaeyo),
i?ie?o/eaaiey iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa a eiiia?/aneeo aaieao, ia-
?aaiaea aeaiaa e ia?aaea/e eiouanoaa ii caieaeaiiui oeaiai a iiae-
noaaiua oe?iu, iieo/aiey acyoie ca naea/o a a?aiaeo iiiauaiee
e o. ae. e o. i.

Noi?ie?iaaeanue oeaeay nenoaia ei??oioeeiiiiai iiaaaeaiey, aea
e oi?iu icaeieinoaa noaee ia oieueei eciu?aiiaa, ii e iieo/eee
iiaia ?acaeoea. Ii iia?aoeaiui aeaiiui, a 1995 aiaeo a ainno?oe-
oo?ao ian/eouaaeinue ii?yaeea 1600 ei??oiie?iaaiiuo naycae.
A eaaeaeay naaeueiay i?anooiiay a?oiie?iaea eniieueciaaea aeey ino-
uanoaeaiey naieo caiuneia iiaeeoieaiiuo /eiiaieeia. Ia yoo
, ii ioeaieai niaoeeaeenoia, i?aaieciaaiiay
i?anooiiinoue ioaiaeeo io 30 aei 50 i?ioeaioia iaaeeouo eaieoaeia.
E ia oieueei i?anooiiinoue.

A oiaea ?aciuo neaaenoaee i acyoi/ie/anoaa acyoeiaeaoaee ana-
aaea aiai?eee, /oi aeaiueae ca iie ieaoeee ec nianoaaiii-
ai ea?iaia, /oi aiieia aiciiaeii, iioiio /oi ea?iaiiua aeaiueae
oicyeia oe?iu – yoi oiaea aa aiaaonoai. Aoi?ie enoi/iee n?aaenoa
ia acyoee – ioeoeeaeueiua aooaaeoa?neea auaeaeaiey . Iaeiei neiaii, n/ao aieue-
iuo aeaiaa oae ia ieeeeiiu aeieea?ia. I?e oaeii ?acai?ioa ia
noieo oaeeaeyoueny iiyaeaieth i?aeneo?aioia ia iiaeeoi /eiiaie-
eia – eaaeaeiio ii /eio.

Ii ia oieueei i?anooiiua yeaiaiou – eaaeaeue ec ian ?aaoey?-
ii a naiae aeecie aeaao acyoee. Iu i?eiinei oeaaou eee ei?iaeo
eiioao a ?iaeeeueiue aeii eae au a aeaaiaea?iinoue aeooa?ai. ?aae-
eee noa?eeai ia iiee /aai ii/oaeueiia, i?eianoaai ia aeii iai-
neth. Nianoaaiii aiai?y, ana acyoee iiaeii ?acaeaeeoue ia ainaiue
aeaeia, a caaeneiinoe io oiai, neieueei iu e eiio.
I?e yoii aoaeai o/eouaaoue, /oi acyoea ia anaaaea aeaaony aeieaeiino-
iiio eeoeo, eioi?ia iiaeao oaeiaeaoai?eoue aaoe eioa?anu.

Acyoeie niaanoe (ia?aay eaoaai?ey) iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue oa aeaiue-
ae, eioi?ua iaaeatho ec iaoeo ?oe a oeyiu ieueo, ia ni- ^–>\
anai ieueo e i?inoi aecianiaiia ia ieaa ieuainoaa. Anee [[301 JJ

a ia?eiae eioeyoeeiiiuo i?ioeannia acyoue ca iniiao acyoee aia?e-
eaineee aeieea?, oi ia ieuainoai iu aea?oaoai, eae i?aaeei, io 1
oeaioa aei aeieea?a (ni. aeaao ).

Ei aoi?ie eaoaai?ee acyoie iiaeii ioianoe . Iiaeii ioeoieoueny io ca iaeeia ia?ooaiea i?a-
aee 5-10 aeieea?aie. Oaeay aea noiia eaeao a ciae aeaaiaea?iinoe
neana?th-naioaoieeo, ?aaioieeai aeiiioi?aaeaiey ca auno?oth
auaea/o iaiaoiaeeiuo ni?aaie. Anai neoaeauei, io eioi?uo caae-
neo auno?ia e ea/anoaaiiia auiieiaiea ioaeiie aai ?aaiou. (Oioy
ii aeieaeiinoe iie e aac acyoee iaycaiu auiieieoue aa auno?i e
ea/anoaaiii.)

O?aouey eaoaai?ey. Iiae iaa iiaeiaaeaao oa aea ieeeoeey, eiaaea
iaiaoiaeeii oi eee eiia aeaei. Aeiionoei, anee /aeiaae
iiiae ii /enoie neo/aeiinoe a auo?acaeoaeue e ia aeaeaao, /oiau
ia yoii ociaee ia ?aaioa, ii aeieaeai aueiaeeoue ca io 50
aei 100 aeieea?ia a caaeneiinoe io naiaai caieiaaiiai iieiaeaiey.
E yoie eaoaai?ee ioiinyony e icaeieioeu-i?aiiaeaaaoaee aocia,
o?aaothuea ii?ie ca niaeaenoaea aei 1000 aeieea?ia.

Nouanoaoao e caaoaee?iaaiiay acyoea i?aiiaeaaaoaeyi. Ia-
i?eia?, ieaoa ca o?iee ?aiaoeoi?o, iaauathuaio iaania/eoue ii-
nooieaiea. Iiiaea ?iaeeoaee eaaeaeue aiae euoo oaeeo o/eoaeae
naiei aeaoyi. E aieueoa iieiaeiu ec ieo iaoiaeyo.

I?e aeaeaiee, eiia/ii, i?iaeaio acyoi/ie/anoaa i?e iinooi-
eaiee a aocu iiaeii ?aoeoue. Aaaeue nouanoaoao aieueoia eiee/a-
noai no?ai, aaea i?aeoe/anee ana aeaeathuea iinooiatho a oieaa?-
neoaou. A yoeo ainoaea?noaao iao anooieoaeueiuo yecaiaiia, a anoue
ia/oi a?iaea eiieo?na aooanoaoia iinea i/aiue aeanoeeo auioneiuo
yecaiaiia, eiiaaea aeaaea n o/aoii oa?aeoa?enoeee, iaienaiiie
o/eoaeai eee aee?aeoi?ii oeieu. Iiaeii auei au ii?iaiaaoue yoo
nenoaio a ea/anoaa yenia?eiaioa oioy au a ianeieueeeo i?anoeae-
iuo aocao ?innee. I?aaaea, e caeanue anoue iauaiaoeeiiaeueiay i?i-
aeaia: o ian ii/aio-oi /ai ooaea oeiea, oai eo/oa ioiaoee o aa
auioneieeia. A oi?ioeo aea oeieao iyoa?ee aeinoathony oyaeeei
o?oaeii. Ca naea/o i?aaeiaoa ai a?aiy naiano?a iiaeii
ioaeaaiaea?eoue i?aiiaeaaaoaey 50-100 aeieea?aie, e niioaaonoaoth-
uay ioeaiea eee ca/ao aai aa?aioe?iaaiu.

*aoaa?oay eaoaai?ey. Caeanue noaaee acyoie eaeoo oaea io ouny-
/e aeieea?ia. Oaeoth iiaeao acyoue aeaeai oaeoeueoaoa ca iinooiea-
iea ia?aaeeaiai aeeoyoe a i?anoeaeiue aoc.

. Iee-
oi ec noiyueo ?yaeii ?iaeeoaeae ia oaeeaeeny – iie oiaea oaea ia
yoii neuoaee. A iaeia aaeoo?eaioea ieiei IAO, a ei?ioeie
thai/ea e aeocea n aeoaieei au?acii, iaoaeiaeaoai?aiii oiue-
ioea naiae iiae?oaa:

Noieo iaiai?eoueny: eiia/ii, ia ana i?iaeaaony e iieoiaaony,
‘ _s ia ana yecaiaiaoi?u – acyoi/ieee. Ii oi, /oi ei??oioeey
[302 JJ a aocao nouanoaoao, aieaa eee iaiaa ynii.

Ieiei ouny/e aaenia au iiaeaoa ioaaeeoue e iiiiiaioo aaoae
aeenna?oaoeee. Eee ?oeiaiaeeoaeth aeiiioi?aaeaiey, eee /eiiaie-
eo aeaia?oaiaioa ii ?ani?aaeaeaieth aeeeie ieiuaaee, /oiau iinea
nia?oe aaoaai ninaaea eee auacaea aai ia ae?oaia ianoi aeeoaeuenoaa
anth eiiioiaeueioth eaa?oe?o inoaaeee ca aaoae naiueae.

Eiaaea i?ienoiaeeee aiaaua niauoey a *a/ia, iaiaeeaeaiiue en-
oi/iee aeioiaeia ioe?ueny o ?aaioieeia aiaieiiaoia. Nianoaaiii
aiai?y, ca ii?aaeaeaiioth icaeo iie e ?aiueoa inaiaiaeaeaee i?ecua-
ieeia io neoaeau a-?yaeao ?inneeneie a?iee. Ai a?aiaia aiaiiuo
aeaenoaee noaaee^?acei aic?inee. Ethaay iaoue, nui eioi?ie aeinoea
ii?aaeaeaiiioi^aic?anoa, ia/oaea, /oiau aa /aaei eeai ia neoaeeei
aiana, eeaiai?ioiaeeei neoaeao aaea-ieaoaeue a oeoii, niieieiii ia-
noa. Ca icaeo – iiyoue aea /a?ac aeiaa?aiiia eeoei – ?aaioiee aiai-
eiiaoa eeai ii?aaeaeye nuia a , eeai i?inoi inai-
aiaeaeae io neoaeau. ?acia? aciina a yoeo neo/ayo ii?aaeaeyeny a
caaeneiinoe io aiiaoeoia ?aaioieeia aiaieiiaoa e oeiainiauo
aiciiaeiinoae ?iaeeoaeae. Iaeioi?ua ioeoea?u a?aee ca yoo oneo-
ao ii 500-800 aeieea?ia, ae?oaea auee aeiaieueiu e eiii?oiui oa-
eaaeci?ii, a o o?aoueeo aiiaoeo ?acua?aeny ia ia oooeo: ca noiio
a 5 ouny/ i?ecuaieeo auaeaaaeny aaeue aeeao. Ai?i-
/ai, e yoi ia neeoeii aei?iaay oeaia ca ?iaeeoaeueneia niieienoaea
e aeeciue nuia.

Iyoay eaoaai?ey. Acyoeiaeaoaee ?aniea/eaathony 10 ouny/a-
ie aeieea?ia, eaaeiauie aaoiiiaeeyie, ii?eiauie ooaaie. Aa-
?ouea- ono?ieoaee aaieianeeo e?aaeeoia, aeathuea a aeiea aeaiue-
ae iiae iaeue i?ioeaio eee aiiaua aac iiiai, a caaeneiinoe io
noiiu e?aaeeoa. Yoi aee?aeoi?a i?aaei?eyoee e ia/aeueieee i?i-
ecaiaenoa, auaeaeythuea a a?aiaeo noaiee e iai?oaeiaaiea iiae au-
iieiaiea aaoaai caeaca, neeaaeu o?aiaiey… Enoaoe, i neeaaeao.
Aue neo/ae, eiaaea ?oeiaiaeeoaeue ca icaeo naea-
aae a a?aiaeo a?iiaaeiua iiiauaiey neeaaeia i?aaei?eieiaoaeyi,
oioy ia eiae i?aaa yoi aeaeaoue, oae eae nai yaeyeny eo a?aiaeaoi-
?ii o ainoaea?noaa. Ana, eacaeinue au, i/aiue i?inoi: i?aaeinoaaee neeaae, ia?oia? iaycaeny yooaeoeaii aai en-
iieueciaaoue.

Acyee aaeieieno?aoi?a a iiiaio ia?aaea/e aio ca oneoae 12 ou-
ny/ aeieea?ia. Eiaaea naeou e caaaoieee, iaia?o-
aeeee aua ieiei 25 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae e 20 ouny/ aeieea?ia, eioi-
?ua yaii auee ia i?ienoiaeaeaiey. A oiaea neaaenoaey
auynieeinue, /oi aieaa aeaaaeoeaoe oe?i aeia?iaieueii, ii nianoaai-
iiio aeaeaieth ia?aaeaiiuo, cia/aony a nei?aiii nienea oaieia-
iiai aeaea. Iaei oiai, ii/oe eaaeaeia iiaeiioaiea nii?iaiaeaeaeinue
aeoaieie e ene?aiiae aeaaiaea?iinoueth. Oae acyoi/ieee i?aa?a-
uaeenue a aeaaiaeaoaeae n oe?ieie aeooie. Aio ia?aaeien: /anoi
aeatho-aa?oo ia ca oi, /oi aeieaeiinoiia eeoei, oi anoue /eiiaiee, ia-
?ooaao caeii, a ca i?ioeaiiieiaeiia – niaethaeaiea caeiia, eniie-
iaiea i?yiuo neoaeaaiuo iaycaiiinoae.

*oi eioa?anii, aeaaaee acyoee ca?aaaoaiony aaeieieno?aoi?o
eiino?aioeu, ioaeaeaaoeany a oi?ioeo o?aieeeuao. Eae aueiea-
/eaaeenue acyoee? I/aiue i?inoi: ieiieaoiue iaiae i ee/iii aic-
iaa?aaeaeaiee ano?a/ae iieiaeoaa iiieiaiea, aeaaea ?a- ^–^
aeinoue. Iaaei neacaoue, /oi oaeia aeaeiaia aea/aiea e?ai/a 11303]

ethauo aeiaiai?ia ne?aieyao aeiaiai?aiiinoue e aiineo a ioiioaiey
oaa?aiiinoue.

?oeiaiaeeoaeue n caianoeoaeyie aaneiia/ii iaiyee ia neaae-
noaee iieacaiey. Oi ana i?eciaaaee, oi ana io?eoeaee, oi eeyeenue,
/oi iieo/aiiua aeaiueae o?aoeee ia ?iaeiia i?iecaiaenoai, oi iacu-
aaee ana iiaeiioaiey – iieiaeaiiui i?ioeaioii ni
naeaeee, /oi n/eoaeinue ie/oiaeiui ia?ooaieai oeiainiaie aeen-
oeeieeiu. I?acaiou e i?ioeaiou, eae e a?aiaeiay ieaoa, aneaae ca
eioeyoeeae iiae?anoaee, /oi a?iaea au i?eaeaaaei ei caeiiiue aeae
e oiee.

Iieoieuee ?inneeneee ?uiie i?e aiiethueo ecuyiao (io
a caeiiao aei iaoaaoee iiiauaiee iiae o?aieee-
ua e ioenu), i?e i?iecaiea e aaciaeacaiiinoe /eiiaieeia, aeie-
aeiinoiuo eeoe auioaeaeai aeeoue ii iieoeaaaeueiui, iaeiaei anai
ecaanoiui i?aaeeai. Ana, /oi iiaeao oioue eae-oi iioanieoue ia-
eaaaeueueio, ecaiiyaony, . Neieueei auei aiai?aii
ia ioe?uouo eiieo?nao, aoeoeeiiao i?e iiiauaiee,
i?iaeaaea caaiaeia e i?aaei?eyoee. Ainoaea?noaaiiue, a aeaiiii neo-
/aa , auaa?ioe ana iaeciaieo: oae eiieo?n acy-
oie.

Oanoay eaoaai?ey. Aeanyoee ouny/ aeieea?ia. Aiciiaeia aea/a
acyoee eiooaaeaeai ia aa?aao ?aee a i?anoeaeiii ianoa.

I?e iiiiue oaeie acyoee iiaeii e?ooi ?aoeoue noaeueao ethai-
ai /aeiaaea. Oae, aacaoa i?eaiaeeea aeaiiua, /oi ai-
eaa noa noaeae iiaee a?aoue acyoee ca inaiaiaeaeaiea oiai eee eiiai
i?anooiieea. A ni?aaea i ?anniio?aiee noaeaie aeaeia ia a?anou,
iiaeaioiaeaiiua ?OII Iineianeie iaeanoe, iacuaathony aeaaea
aoiiu acyoie, eioi?ua eiie?aoiua noaeuee iieo/aee ca aea?iaai-
ioth iaaeiyaiui naiaiaeo. Oeeo?u i?eaiaeeeenue ni nnueeie ia iia-
?aoeaiua aeaiiua eee eioi?iaoeeth neoaeau eiio??acaaaeee. Oau,
iieiaoue noaeueth ia acyoea n iiee/iui i?aeoe/anee iaaiciiaeii,
oae eae caeii i noaoona noaeae cai?auaao i?iaiaeeoue a ioiioaiee
ieo eaeea-eeai iia?aoeaiua e neaaenoaaiiua ia?ii?eyoey aac ni-
aeaney… naieo noaeae (eo eaaeeoeeaoeeiiiie eieeaaee). Iaeiaei
aaiaeeou ca/anooth a ioe?uooth ?anneacuaatho, eae iiaeeoieee oiai
eee eiiai noaeueth.

Iineianeee iaeanoiie ?OII i?eaiaeeo a ni?aaea iiiai/en-
eaiiua oaeou inaiaiaeaeaiey noaeaie e?oiiuo i?anooiiuo aaoi-
?eoaoia e iineaaeothuae eo aeaaee i?e caaaaei/iuo ianoiyoaeue-
noaao. E i?eia?o, noaeuey I?aia?aaeaineiai ?aenoaea Iineau inai-
aiaeee eeaea?a aii?oaeaiiie i?anooiiie a?oiie?iaee, eioi?ue
iaaeiyeny a o?aiaiee ienoieaoa n iao?iiaie, iioeuaiii-
ai a ?acoeueoaoa ?acaieiiai iaiaaeaiey ia nio?oaeieea ieeeoeee. Noae
aea?iaae aio naiaiaeo iioiio, /oi yeiau a ioiioaiee i?anooiieea
ia auei aicaoaeaeaii oaieiaiiai aeaea, iaeiaei iia?aoeaieee ii?i-
aa?aatho yoio oaeo. Iinea inaiaiaeaeaiey aaoi?eoao aue oaeo a ?a-
coeueoaoa ?acai?ie i?anooiiuo a?oiie?iaie.

Iniaaiiia aiciouaiea aucuaaao o ieeeoeeiia?ia eciaiaiea
noaeaie ia?u i?ana/aiey iaaeiyaiui a auiiaaoaeuenoaa. Aaaeue in-
aiaiaeaeaiea i?anooiieeia noaaeo iiae oa?ico aeeciue eo aea?oa, ei-
.,–^s oi?uo auiiaaoaee iiae oa?icie ianeeey auioaeaeatho iaiyoue
[304 JJ iieacaiey.

O/aiua-th?enou n/eoatho, /oi .ieiei /aoaa?oe anao acyoie aea-
thony e aa?oony ca inaiaiaeaeaiea io ioaaonoaaiiinoe eeoe, niaa?oea-
oeo i?anooieaiey e ae?oaea i?ioeaii?aaiua aeaenoaey. . E ^aeie-ieaoaeue ?anoeoeoaeue ainoaea?-
noaaiiiai eiouanoaa (eee aai ?iaenoaaiieee, ciaeiiua, iiaeaeue-
ueee) oauao 3 ouny/e aaenia,1 /oiau a ooaeoai neo/aa
auea caiaiaia aiaeii oneiaii. 8a icaeo ai?u ioeoiathony ia oieueei
io ?aaeci?ia e iaeiaiaie iiceoeee, ii e io noaeae e i?ieo?i?ia.
Iaiaei neo/aaa, eiaaea aeoeeee, i?oaeiaaaoea a noa?a oi?aiaee,
iuoaeenue iiaeeoieoue .?aaioieeia i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia,
/oiau oeoe io iaeacaiey.

Naaeueiay eaoaai?ey. Io noa ouny/ aeieea?ia aei iaeiiai ieeee-
iia. Iiaeii oaeaea ioeoieoueny oeea?iie eaa?oe?ie a oeaio?a noi-
eeoeu n i?iieneie.

Ainueiay eaoaai?ey. Caeanue n/ao eaeao ia aeanyoee ieeeeiiia aeie-
ea?ia. Aa?oo ?oeiaiaeeoaee ainoaea?noaa. Oieueei a aaethoa e oieue-
ei eiaee?iaaiiuie aaieianeeie n/aoaie ca ?oaaaeii, /aua anaai
a Oaaeoea?ee.

Anee i?e iaoaaoea oiaa?ia, oneoa, i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiuii-
noae, neeaaeia e o?aieeeu acyoee a?o/aeenue /eiiaieeai, eioi-
?ua iiaee iiniinianoaiaaoue a auaeaeaiee iaiaoiaeeiiai, oi n ?ac-
aeoeai ?uii/iie yeiiiieee iiaeao aicieeiooue neooaoeey, eiaaea
acyoee aoaeoo aeaaaoue ca i?eia?aoaiiua oiaa?u eee ieacaiiua on-
eoae.

33. Ineoii?ia?aiie?iaaiea. I?aaeaea /ai ?anniio?aoue ineoi-
oaoieeo eiaee?iaaiey ineoioeceieiae/aneeo ?aaeoeee e iiaaaea-
iey /aeiaaea, iciaeiieiny n oai?eae
Iao?a Aiioeia.

Ii Aiioeio, ethaie oeaeaiai?aaeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaeoa-
noaoao i?eiyoea ?aoaiey iooai aiaeeca e neioaca aooa?aioiie
eioi?iaoeee, eiathuae /aou?a enoi/ieea e iaiaeeiaeiaua cia/a-
iey: aeieiae/aneoth iioeaaoeeth (einoeieoeaiua iio?aaiinoe –
ieuaaua, iieiaua, iai?iieoaeueiua e ae?.), ianoaiiai/ioth aooa-

?aioaoeeth (oneiaey ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu), ioneiaoth aooa?aioaoeeth
(iaiin?aaenoaaiiue noeioe ?aaeoeee)e iaiyoue (eioi?iaoeey, ca-
oeene?iaaiiay aeeciaiiui iiuoii).

Aooa?aioiue neioac caeai/eaaaony oi?ie?iaaieai i?ia?ai-
iu aeaenoaey, eioi?ay ninoieo ec aeaoo i?eioeeieaeueii ?acee/iuo
yeaiaioia: yooa?aioiie i?ia?aiiu aeaenoaey, o. a. ii?aaeaeaiiie
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe iaai?a ia?aiuo eiiaiae, iinooiathueo ia en-
iieieoaeueiua i?eai?u – yooaeoi?u (neaeaoiua iuooeu, aeaea-
cu, aioo?aiiea i?aaiu); aeoeaioi?a ?acoeueoaoa aeaenoaey, o. a. iae-
?iiiie iiaeaee i?aaeeaaaaiiai ?acoeueoaoa, e eioi?iio aeieaeii i?e-
aanoe aeaiiia aeaenoaea.

Inouanoaeaiea i?ia?aiiu aeaenoaey i?eaiaeeo e ?acoeueoaoo,
eioi?ue ioeaieaaaony i?aaieciii n iiiiuueth ia?aoiie aooa?ai-
oaoeee, o. a. ia?aoiie nayce. Yoi caaii caiueaao neiaeioth ?acii-
eioooth aeoao a eieueoei. Eioi?iaoeey i ?aaeueii iieo/aiiii ?a-
coeueoaoa n?aaieaaaony n i?iaiicii, caeiaee?iaaiiii a aeoeaioi?a
?acoeueoaoa aeaenoaey. A neo/aa, anee iieo/aiiue ?acoeue- _ ‘
oao niioaaonoaoao iaeeaeaaiiio, aeaiiay i?ae?auaao naia nouanoaiaaiea, oae eae yoi cia/eo, /oi
oeaeue, noiyaoay ia?aae i?aaieciii, aeinoeaiooa.

Niaeanii eiioeaioeee ooieoeeiiaeueiuo nenoai, eiaee?iaaiea
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aiaoaoaeuenoai a aooa?aioiue neioac. Iiaeaeue
ineoe/aneiai ninoiyiey oi?ie?oaony a NE – yoi ooieoeeiiaeue-
iay nenoaia, a?aiaiii noaaeeece?iaaiiay aeey iieo/aiey , n oi/ee c?aiey aiooaiiiai
ia?aca eee iioeaa. Aooa?aioiue neioac eaeao a neaaeothueo ia-
i?aaeaieyo:

– iineaaenoaeyie eiaee?iaaiey caoi?iaaeeaaaony ?aaeueiay ei-
ioeuenaoeey e aeacaeooaeecaoeey;

– oeaeaiai?aaeaiii aeoeae?othony yia?aiiu oiai eee eiiai
ninoiyiey, eioi?ua iiaoo auoue eae ?acoeueoaoii iaiin?aaenoaai-
iiai iiuoa, oae e eoiaii iiuoa ae?oaeo.

Aiaoaoaeuenoai a noa?o iioeaaoeee iiaeao auoue iai?yiui, eia-
aea oi?ie?oaony ineoe/aneia ninoiyiea e anoanoaaiii aeeth/aao-
ny oio eee eiie iioea, eee aea i?yiui – i?e eiaee?iaaiee.

Ia iniiaa aeoeae?iaaiiuo yia?aii e iioeaia nicaeaaony ni-
ioaaonoaothuee aeoeaioi? ?acoeueoaoa aeaenoaey e i?ia?aiia aeae-
noaey, eioi?ay aeeth/aao iiaeaioiaeo aioo?aiiae n?aaeu i?aaiecia
e nenoai, oi?ie?othueo aiaoithth aeoeaiinoue. I?e yoii neaaeoao
o/eouaaoue aiciiaeiia aeeyiea inoaoi/iie ?aaeueiie eiioeuenaoeee
e iioeaaoeee. Iii iiaeao auoue iniaaiii cia/eoaeueiui a iaaeoai-
eeo NE, a oaeaea a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea ?aaeueiay eiioeuenaoeey ii-
/aio-eeai yaeyaony /?acau/aeii neeueiie. *aua anaai aeeyiea a
ii?aaeaeaiiie noaiaie neeaaeuaaaony ia ooieoeeiiaeueiii iaania-
/aiee i?ia?aiiu aeaenoaey. A yoeo neo/ayo eiaaony ia/oi n?aae-
iaa iaaeaeo eiaee?iaaiiui (aiooaiiui) e ?aaeueiui aicaeaenoae-
ai. Iiyoiio aiooaaiue yooaeo iiaeao auoue oai aieueoa, /ai iaiue-
oa i?ioeai?a/eaie eiioeuenaoeee iinooiaao ec ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu
(E. A?eiae, 1988).

A oaia?ue ?anniio?ei iaeioi?ua iauea aii?inu eioi?iaoee-
iiiiai aeaenoaey eiaee?iaaiey.

Eioi?iaoeeiiiua aicaeaenoaey ia i?aaieci /aeiaaea iiae?ac-
aeaeytho ia aiaoiea e aioo?aiiea eee aeieiae/aneea. ?aiaa iu
?anniio?aee aeieiae/aneia (aioo?aiiaa) eioi?iaoeeiiiia aicaeae-
noaea e i?iaiaeece?iaaee a iai neaaeothuea ninoaaeythuea: aaia-
oe/aneoth eioi?iaoeeth, eiioiieiae/aneoth eioi?iaoeeth e iia-
?aoeaioth (ia?aioth) aioo?aiithth eioi?iaoeeth. A oaia?ue ?anniio-
?ei oaoieeo i?aaiecaoeee e eniieueciaaiey aiaoiae eioi?iaoeee
aeey yooaeoeaiiai oeaeaiai?aaeaiiiai aicaeaenoaey ia i?aaieci
/aeiaaea.

Oai?ey e i?aeoeea NE iiaeoaa?aeeee aaieaeueiua ioe?uoey Aao-
oa?aaa i oii, /oi iniiaiui ineoioaoie/aneei iaoiaeii oeaeaiai-
?aaeaiiiai eiaee?othuaai eioi?iaoeeiiiiai aicaeaenoaey ia /aei-
aaea yaeyaony iaoiae ia?aciaaiey eneonnoaaiiiai eioi?iaoeeii-
iiai aaoiiaoe/aneiai oeceieiae/aneiai naeaeaa (a ?innee ec-ca
i?aaeaeaa?aiaiiie aeaaee Aaooa?aaa yoio iaoiae aieueoa ecaanoai
eae iaoiae ia?aciaaiey oneiaiiai ?aoeaena).

Eneonnoaaiiue eioi?iaoeeiiiue aaoiiaoe/aneee oeceiei-
. ^ ae/aneee naeaea yaeyaony aaoiiaoe/aneei a neeo aai oee-
[306 JJ ne?iaaiiuo iniaaiiinoae, e eioi?ui ioiinyo:

1) eioi?iaoeeiiiue neaiae, aeaenoaothuee ia ethaie i?aai
/oanoa n ethaui niaea?aeaieai i?ia?aiiu-eiaea, aeieaeai iaycaoaeue-
ii niaea?aeaoue a^aaa ia?aeeaeueii e aeeciaiii aaaeioth eioi?ia-
oeeth aeey aeaiiiai /aeiaaea;

2) aaiae eioi?iaoeeiiiie, neeueii yiioeeiiaeueii ie?aoaiiie
i?ia?aiiu-eiaea aeaeaeai ni/aoaoueny n iaeiia?aiaiiui aicaoaeaea-
ieai iaeiiai ec aeaaiuo einoeieoia /aeiaaea a oaca aai iaene-
iaeueiie iaino?aiiinoe, i?aaeiieaaathuae iiuioth iineaaeothuoth
?aaeoeeth i?aaiecia a ia?ac?uaiii aaoiiaoe/aneii (aanniciaoaeue-
iii) aaeeinoaa n aeiaeaiiui eiaeii;

3) aeey aeanoeie oeenaoeee eioi?iaoeee e aa a i?aaiec-
ia iaiaoiaeei caei?iaue iica, iniaaiii ei?a aieueoeo iieooa?ee;

4) iaaeaaeiinoue eiaee?iaaiey ?acei aic?anoaao n eiee/anoaii
i?ioeaaeo? e aeoaeiie NE;

5) yooaeoeaiinoue eiaee?iaaiey ?acei aic?anoaao i?e iaee/ee
ethaeae-aeoa?ia, aeaiiino?e?othueo aunieoth ?acoeueoaoeaiinoue ia-
oiaea (oaiiiai iiae?aaeaiey) ia anao aai yoaiao;

6) yooaeoeaiinoue eiaee?iaaiey aic?anoaao i?e ni/aoaiee i?i-
oeaaeo?u eioi?iaoeeiiiiai i?ia?aiie?iaaiey n i?yiui yeaeo?e-
/aneei eee oeie/aneei ?acae?aaeeoaeai niioaaonoaothueo o/ano-
eia iicaa;

7) i?ia?aiia eiaee?iaaiey iiaeao iineoue nooiai/aoue oa?ae-
oa?, n a?aiaiiuie eioa?aaeaie, i?e/ai aia/aea aeiaeaathony eth-
aie eiaeeaeaeoaeueii onoie/eaie iieiaeeoaeueiie ?aaeoeee, a caoai
ia yoii no?iyo aeaeueiaeoee aaiae iniiaiie eioi?iaoeee, e oiaaea
i?aaieci aa ;

8) eiaee?iaaiea oniaoiaa, eiaaea eioi?iaoeey ?aaioaao ii anai
eee ianeieueeei ?aoeaioi?ai iaeiia?aiaiii: c?eoaeueiui, neooi-.
aui, iaiiyoaeueiui, aeoniaui, oaeoeeueiui, oaiia?aoo?iui, ai-
eaaui e o. ae.;

9) n oaaee/aieai neeu eee eioi?iaoeeiiiie cia/eiinoe eiaea
aucuaaaiue ei oeceieiae/aneee yooaeo oaaee/eaaaony eeoue aei
ii?aaeaeaiiiai i?aaeaea eioaineaiinoe ?acae?aaeaiey. Aeaeueiaeoaa
oneeaiea ?acae?aaeaiey i?eaiaeeo e iaaeaieth e iieiiio en/aciiaa-
ieth oeceieiae/aneiai yooaeoa ec-ca yaeaiey io?aieoaeueiiai
(cai?aaeaeueiiai) oi?iiaeaiey, /aeiaae iiaeao ioeaiaiaoue eee aianoue
a ninoiyiea nooii?a – iieiie iaiiaeaeaeiinoe.

A iaoea NE auaeaeytho aeaa aeaea eiaee?iaaiey – eiaeeaeaeoaeue-
iia e eieeaeoeaiia. E?iia oiai, ?acee/atho: eiaee?iaaiea iayao,
eiaee?iaaiea a NE, eiaee?iaaiea a i?iniii/iuo ninoiyieyo e ai
nia) eiaee?iaaiea iiin?aaeiaaiiia (cai/iia), eiaee?iaaiea n ionoaa-
iui yooaeoii, o?aeoeeiiiia (i?a?uaenoia) eiaee?iaaiea, eiaee-
?iaaiea n i?eiaiaieai niaoeeaeueiuo i?ioeaaeo? eee i?aia?aoia
e ae?.

Eiaee?iaaiea – yoi aeanoeia eiia?aoeaiia aiooaiea, eioi?ia
yaeyaony no?anniaui aeaeii ineoieiae/aneiai aicaeaenoaey ia /a-
eiaaea. Eiaee?iaaiea iiaeao auiieiyoueny eae a iau/iii aiae?noaoth-
uai ninoiyiee niciaiey aiooaaiiai, oae e a NE, eae n i?eiaia-
ieai oa?iaeieiaee, oae e aac eaeeo-eeai aeiiieieoaeueiuo ia-
?ii?eyoee.

I?eaaaeai ianeieueei aeaeia iniiaiuo ineoioaoiee, ^ ”
i?eiaiyaiuo a nia?aiaiiie iaoea NE. |[307]

1. Aiooaaiue noieo eeoeii e NE-niaoeeaeenoo, iiae e noiiu
aianoa, ?oee aaeieue ooeiaeua. Aiooaaiue anoaao iai?ioea ia ?an-
noiyiee auoyioouo ?oe e i?aaoth iiao neaaea ionoaaeyao iacaae, a
iaeueoeaie eaaeiiae neaaea eanaaony aeneia aiooaaiiai, i?e yoii
eaaeiie cae?uaatho aieiaia c?aiea o aiooaaiiai. Aiooathuee
i?aaeeaaaao aiooaaiiio i?enoaeueii, ia ieaay, niio?aoue a c?a/ie
naiaai eaaiai aeaca, a nai aieiaoaeueii e ia ieaay nin?aaeioi/eaa-
ao naie acaeyae e iieiia aieiaiea a c?a/ea i?aaiai aeaca (eee iaae-
aeoa?iauea) aiooaaiiai. Caoai, /a?ac 5-10 naeoiae oeene?iaaiiiai
iieiaeaiey, aiooathuee /aoeei e aeanoeei aieinii i?eeacuaa-
ao: I?e yoeo neiaao aiooathuee ieaaii ia?aai-
aeeo aan naiaai oaea n ia?aaeiae (eaaie) iiae ia caaeithth (i?aaoth), a
iaeueoeaie neaaea oyiao aiooaaiiai ia naay – aia?aae. Aeaeaa ia-
nooiaao aeaaiue iiiaio anae i?ioeaaeo?u. Anee aiooaaiue ii/oe
ia n?aaae?iaae ia aiooaiea e nianai ia iiaeaaony aia?aae, oi nea-
aeoao n?aco (aia?aiy!) iaeueoeaie ii/oanoaiaaoue eaaeia aai nii?i-
oeaeaiea e oiaaea iaiiaaiii naiiio /ooue aeano/a, iacaiaoii, ii
oaeoe/anee ianeeueii, iioyiooue ia naay, a caoai,
oeuaaynue, auno?i aa?iooue aai aieiao iacaae ia ianoi e i?ieiiiai-
oe?iaaoue:

A oii neo/aa, anee aiooaaiue aac anyeiai nii?ioeaeaiey oi-
?ioi n?aaae?iaae ia eiiaiaeo e /ooue ia oiae aia?aae ia aiooath-
uaai, neaaeoao aai iiaeaea?aeaoue, aa?iooue a enoiaeiia iieiaeaiea e
i?ieiiiaioe?iaaoue oaie aea auoaoeacaiiuie neiaaie.

Aaaeiinoue yoiai yoaia i?ioeaaeo?u ninoieo a oii, /oi eiaee?oth-
uee ia eiaao i?aaa ia , oae eae iineaaeothuee
eiae ia n?aaioaao ec-ca iioa?e e iaio aeiaa?ey ni noi?iiu aiooaa-
iiai. Iiyoiio, iaaeaao eee ia iaaeaao aia?aae, a iaaei,
/oiau auaeyaeaei, /oi . Eiaiii iiyoiio eiaee?othuee
aeieaeai aia?aiy ii/oanoaiaaoue nii?ioeaeaiea e iacaiaoii naii-
io i?inoi iioyiooue aia?aae, /oiau yoi aiaoia aua-
eyaeaei, eae aoaeoi yoi aeaenoaeoaeueii i?iecioei. A ianoaiiaea eaa-
eiai aieiaiey ieeiaaea ia iiaeao ?acee/eoue, oi ee
aai aeaenoaeoaeueii iioyioei, oi ee aai eoi-oi iioyioe. Ana i?ien-
oiaeeo aiacaiii, auno?i, iao a?aiaie aeey aiaeeca i?ienoaaeoaai,
e , neooay eiiiaioa?ee eiaee?othuaai, aini?eieia-
ao ana i?ienoiaeyuaa, eae aio aiai?yo, iiyoiio ii aiineaaenoaee n
o?oaeii auiieiyao aeaoaee e aaniethoii oaa?ai, /oi aiooaaiua ei-
iaiaeu auee eiaiii aai iuouaieyie e /oi aai aeaenoaeoaeueii neaa-
ea iioyioei aia?aae aneaae ca iaeueoeaie eiaee?othuaai. Eoae, au-
iieiea oano-iiaeaioiaeo, eiaee?othuee i?eieiaao ?aoaiea ia in-
iiaiii yoaia eiaee?iaaiey – aaiaea eiaeiaie eioi?iaoeee. Anee
aiooaaiinoue ieacaeanue ianoieueei aunieie, /oi oaei aiooaaiiai
oi?ioi neaaeiaaei aia?aae ca iaeueoeaie eiaee?othuaai e iieiinoueth
oiaei aio ia a?oaeue, oi neaaeoao ia?aeoe e iniiaiiio yoaio eiaee?i-
aaiey. A anee oano iieacae iaaeinoaoi/ioth /oanoaeoaeueiinoue aio-
J–>\ oaaiiai e aiooaieth, oi neaaeoao a?aiaiii ioeiaeeoue oaeno
L308JJ iniiaiiai eiaee?iaaiey e auiieieoue 5-10 aaeaaeiaaiuo”

aeaoo/aniauo naainia ia iiauoaiea aiooaaiinoe, e oieueei eiaaea
aiooaaiinoue iiauneony aei iaiaoiaeeiiai o?iaiy ?a-
aae?iaaiey, iiaeii aaiaeeoue iniiaiie oaeno eiaee?iaaiey. Oieueei
oae iiaeii auoue oaa?aiiui, /oiUeeiae aoaeao ?aaioaoue. E oi auaatho
neo/ae, eiaaea eiaee?iaaiea i?eo?aeeony iiaoi?youe.

Oaeno iniiaiiai eiaee?iaaiee aaiaeeony a iica aiooaaiiai nea-
aeothuei ia?acii. Eiaee?othuee aiiaue onoaiaaeeaaao enoiaeiia ii-
eiaeaiea e aeanoeei, yiioeeiiaeueii ianuuaiiui, eiia?aoeaiui
oiiii, a aeaea ?aceeo, ei?ioeeo o?ac, ianeieueei ?ac iiaoi?yaiuo,
aiaae?yao eioi?iaoeeth-eiae a iica aiooaaiiai. Oaeno eiaea aeieaeai
ia/eiaoueny e caeai/eaaoueny ii?aaeaeaiiuie ineoioaoie/aneeie
o?acaie, a a eaaeaeii eiie?aoiii neo/aa, a caaeneiinoe io oeaee
eiaee?iaaiey, iaiyaony oieueei eiaea; E eiaee?othuee nieiaao naie iaeueoeu n
aeneia aiooaaiiai e i?aaeeaaaao aio nanoue iie/a a e?anei, ?an-
neaaeoueny e ioaeioiooue 5-10 ieioo (iiaeii n cae?uouie aeacaie).

2. Aoi?oth oaoieeo eiaee?iaaiey y i?eaiaeo aeey eieeaeoeaii-
ai naaina eiaee?iaaiey, iai?eia? aeey ea/aaiuo oeaeae.

A?a/ eiaeeaeaeoaeueii, a i?eaiiua aeie, i?eieiaao iaoeeaioia,
oanoe?oao eo’e a caaeneiinoe io enoiaeiie aiooaaiinoe eiiieae-
ooao aeaa a?oiiu – iaeio iniiaioth, a aoi?oth iiaeaioiaeoaeueioth.
A iniiaioth a?oiio iaae?athony 20-50 /aeiaae n iiauoaiiie en-
oiaeiie aiooaaiinoueth, a a iiaeaioiaeoaeueioth iai?aaeythony oa, o
eiai ieceay aiooaaiinoue aeey aa iiauoaiey. Ec iiaeaioiaeoaeue-
iie a?oiiu eaeao iinoiyiiue iaai? a iniiaiua a?oiiu, eee iaoee-
aioo ioeacuaatho a neo/aa ionoonoaey yooaeoa ?aceiai eciaiaiey
aai aiooaaiinoe. A iiaeaioiaeoaeueiie e iniiaiuo a?oiiao aeieaeai
?aaioaoue iaeei e oio aea a?a/. A iiaeaioiaeoaeueiie a?oiia iiaoo iae-
iia?aiaiii caieiaoueny nioie /aeiaae, eioi?ua caoai iiiaaeatho a
aeeaeaeooth ii n?ieai iniiaioth a?oiio eiaee?iaaiey. Iniiaiua
a?oiiu ia?acothony ii ia?a oeiiieaeoiaaiey, a caaeneiinoe io
eiee/anoaa aeaeathueo . A iaoai oeaio?a THIAN-
EI oi?ie?othony a?oiiu ii ?acee/iui oeaeyi: io aeeiaieecia,
io ia?eiiaiee, io eo?aiey, io ecauoi/iiai aana, ia oeo/oaiea
iaiyoe, ia ?acaeoea iocueaeueiuo niiniaiinoae, ia ?acaeoea
nii?oeaiuo niiniaiinoae, ia ?acaeoea eeoa?aoo?iuo niiniaiin-
oae, ia ?acaeoea ooaeiaeanoaaiiuo niiniaiinoae, ia ?acaeoea ai-
eaauo ea/anoa, ia ?acaeoea aeieieaoeeiiauo aiciiaeiinoae, ia
?acaeoea ?aioaaiianeiai c?aiey, ea/aaiua a?oiiu ii ?aciui ca-
aieaaaieyi, ia ?acaeoea eioaeeaeoa o aeaoae, ia ?acaeoea aiia?a-
aeaiey, ia ?acaeoea ia?aineoieiae/aneeo niiniaiinoae, ia ?acae-
oea yeno?anaini?iuo niiniaiinoae, ia ?acaeoea oeaeeoaeue- /.–e
neeo niiniaiinoae, ia ?acaeoea eiae/aneeo eaiaeeoe/aneeo ECIaeE]

niiniaiinoae, ia niiniaiinoue e naii?aaoeyoeee, ia niiniaiinoue e
naiiea/aieth, ia ?acaeoea aaniethoiie neeu, ?aaeoeee, nei?inoe,
nei?inoii-neeiauo ea/anoa, oiaiea ea?aoue a oaoiaou, ia iiau-
oaiea yiioeeiiaeueiiai ninoiyiey (ecaaaeaiea io ninoiyiee aeai-
?annee, oaiaoaiiinoe e ae?.), ia oaaee/aiea aeeeiu oaea (?inoa), ia
oeo/oaiea ?anoyaeae e aeaeinoe, ia niiniaiinoue e iaiiaaiiie ii-
aeeecaoeee e iiiai ae?oaiai.

Eoae, ioia?aa 20-50 /aeiaae, iaaenano?a ?annaaeeaaao anao a
iaaeueiii caea a aunieeo e?aneao a aeaa-o?e ?yaea iieoe?oaii. Noie
a?a/a ?aniieiaeai ia ?annoiyiee 5-7 iao?ia, /ooue ncaaee oeaio?a
e?oaa, /oiau eaaeaeue iaoeeaio oi?ioi aeaeae eeoei a?a/a. Caoai
iaaenano?a i?iaiaeeo i?aaenoaaanoeaioth iiaeaioiaeo – noaiiaeony
o noiea e iauyaeyao: . (I?e yoeo neiaao iaaenano?a oeacuaaao ia iaoiaeyuothny
iin?aaeeia noiea a?a/a iieooaiioth iay?eoth oeieaoiaoth eaiio.
Ae?oaiainaaoa a eiiiaoa iao. Ieia caooi?aiu. Aaniethoiay oeoe-
ia. Iaaenano?a auoiaeeo ec eaaeiaoa.)

*a?ac 10 ieioo aoiaeeo a?a/, naaeeony eeoeii iaae eaiiie e i?e-
eacuaaao ia?aaanoe acaeyae n eaiiu ia naie aeaca, ia ieaaoue e neo-
oaoue aieiaoaeueii eaaeaeia aai neiai. Caoai a?a/ auiieiyao eiaee-
?iaaiea (i?e yoii naao io eaiiu i/aiue niaoeeoe/anee inaauaao
nieco eeoei e aeaca a?a/a). Iaoeeaiou cae?uaatho aeaca e 10 ieioo
iie/a ioaeuoatho, caoai aeeth/aaony aieueoie y?eee naao, ana anoa-
tho, naain caeii/ai, aeeth/aaony iaa?iieay i?eyoiay iocuea, ia-
oeeaiou iinoaiaiii ?anoiaeyony…

3. O?aoee aa?eaio oaoieee aieaa iyaeee ii n?aaiaieth n i?a-
aeuaeoueie e o/eouaaao ?aeiiaiaeaoeee Aaooa?aaa, O?aeaea, Aethaoa,
Y?eeniia. Yoa oaoieea ioee/aaony oai, /oi aiaae?aiea eioi?ia-
oeee a iica inouanoaeyaony iaoiaeii aeieacaoaeueii-
ai oeaeaiai?aaeaiiiai aiaeeoeei-eiae/aneiai oaaaeaeaiey. O/eou-
aay iunee Eenona, /oi i?ioeann ethaiai ea/aiey, eae e i?ioeann
ethaiai aicaeaenoaey ia /aeiaaea, iiaeii naanoe e i?ioeanno ia?a-
ainieoaiey aai ee/iinoe, neaaeoao iiae?iaii iciaeiieoueny n enoi-
?eae aeecie aiooaaiiai. Oaeei ia?acii auyaeythony /a-
eiaaea – oi anoue i?aanoaaiii iai?aaeeueiua iinooiee, auneacu-
aaiey e iunee. Aeaeaa NE-niaoeeaeeno a yoe/anee i?eaieaiie e
ii?aeueii iainiiaaiiie oiaeiaea eceaaaao naie oaaaeeoaeueiua e
eiae/anee aeieacaoaeueiua a?aoiaiou eiie?aoiie iai?aaiou e eceaaaao oneiaey e ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii?aeueiiai naii-
i/euaiey, /oi iaycaoaeueii i?eaiaeeo e aeooiaiiio e i?aanoaaiii-
_ s io icaei?iaeaieth, a /a?ac ei?ioeia a?aiy (eiiaaea e n?aco)
[310]| e /oaeaniiio ?ac?aoaieth anao i?iaeai, a a neo/ayo aieac-

iae – e iieiiio e onoie/eaiio oece/aneiio aucaei?iaeaieth.
A ?acoeueoaoa o /aeiaaea aeieaeii auoue noi?ie-
?iaaii i?aaeaea anaai iioeienoe/aneia ie?iaicc?aiea, aio aeieaeai
auoue i?aaeeiaeai i?aanoaaiii iainiiaaiiue ec neiaeea-
oeony aie?oa iaai ianoiyoaeuenoa. E?iia ?aceiai eciaiaiey e ii-
auoaiey ee/iiai yiioeeiiaeueiiai oiia aiooaaiiio neaaeoao ana-
eeoue oaa?aeoth e ieiaeiiinyuoth aa?o a ?aaeueiia aeinoeaeaiea i?aae-
eiaeaiiuo eiaeiauo oeaeae n ?aaeueiui aeinoeaeaieai aeaeeiuo e
i/aaeaeiuo i?iiaaeooi/iuo ?acoeueoaoia.

A iaaeeoeeineie i?aeoeea iiaai iooea y aeaeae, eae ii ea/ee ia-
o/ii iaecea/eiua caaieaaaiey auoaeceiaeaiiui iaoiaeii. Yoi
auei iioiaea ia iieoi?iiiaaaeue, ?anneac i nia?aiaiiie iieeoeea,
eceiaeaiea eaeeo-oi i?eo/ e a?iaea iinoi?iiieo iio/eoaeueiuo en-
oi?ee ec naiae i?aeoeee, iiiaioaie aeanoeia aiooaiea, a a in-
iiaiii aeooaaiia ?aaeinoiia niaanaaeiaaiea. Oaeo, /oi ana ia?aoea-
oeany aucaei?aaeeaaee iieiinoueth e noaiiaeeenue niaa?oaiii ae?o-
aeie ethaeueie, o iiiaeo ii/aio-oi aaoiiaoe/anee ioe?uaaeny aea?
enoeaeyoue ae?oaeo ethaeae, iiyaeyeenue ?aiaa ia eiaaoeany oai?/a-
neea niiniaiinoe (iocueaeueiua, iiyoe/aneea e ae?.). Ii auee neo-
/ae, eiaaea ioaoe ioeacuaae a enoeaeythuae aanaaea ii oiaeo naiie aa-
naaeu, anee caia/ae ni noi?iiu ia?aoeaoaainy iaiai e yeaiaioa?-
iia iaoaaaeaiea e ii?aeueiui onoaiiaeai ?onneiai iauanoaa.
A yoeo neo/ayo ii aiai?ee, /oi .

4. Yoi nia?aiaiiay oaoieea ?aoeeiiaeueiiai eiaee?iaaiey ia-
yao, eioi?ay iau/ii i?eiaiyaony n?aco iinea NE-naainia, eiaaea
o i?enoonoaiaaaoeo aua nio?aieeinue ninoiyiea iiauoaiiie aio-
oaaiinoe, aucaaiiia i?aaeuaeouei o?ainii. Oaoieea eiaee?iaa-
iey naiaeeony e aanaaea, ai a?aiy eioi?ie aiooathuee ?acuyniyao
aiooaaiiio i?e/eio aai ninoiyiey e aai aeaeia, i?e yoii oeacu-
aaao ia ia?aoeiue oa?aeoa? anao e i?ecuaaao
aiooaaiiai eciaieoue naia ioiioaiea e aieiothuei aai e ianoiyoaeuenoaai, n ieie naycaiiui, a aeaaiia – yoi
aiooaaiue aeieaeai ia?anoaoue iinoiyiii oeene?iaaoue naia aie-
iaiea ia eiathueony o iaai aeaeiaao. Iiyoiio /ai aieueoa aio-
oaaiue aini?eieiaao e iniciaao naiei ?acoiii eiaee?othueo
aiooaiee, oai aieueoa e iaaeaaeiaa eo yooaeo. A aeaiiii iaoiaea
eiaee?othuee no?aieony e aeoeaaoeee aiaeeoeei-neioaoe/aneie aea-

yoaeueiinoe aiooaaiiai n /a?aaeiaaieai aeanoeiai ineoieiae/an-
eiai aicaeaenoaey, eiaaea annioeeaoeaiue i?ioeann a ii?aaeaeaiiie
ia?a iiaeaeaaony e ia?ano?aeaaaony a niioaaonoaee n niaea?aeaieai
eiaea, eioi?ue aiooaaiue aini?eieiaao eae ia/oi iaiaeieeiia
e iaycaoaeueiia e eniieiaieth, ii iuouaaiia eae nianoaaiiua
iunee, onoaiiaee e ?aoaiey. A yoii iaoiaea ia?iiiia cia/aiea
eiaao aiaoiinoue, aaoi?eoao e ee/iinoue eiaee?othuaai, oae eae any
aai a?aoiaioaoeey aeieaeia aiooaaiui onaaeaaoueny aac nii?ioea-
eaiey.

5. A yoii iiai iaoiaea eiaee?iaaiea auiieiyaony a aeoeaiii
NE. Eiaee?oaiue onaaeeaaaony ia nooe n ?iaiui ooeiaeuai e ai-
eiaie. ?oee iyaei eaaeao ia aaae?ao eee eieaiyo eaaeiiyie aiec.
Eiaee?othuee iiaeoiaeeo ni?aaa e iaeeaaeuaaao naith eaaoth
?oeo ia caoueie eiaee?oaiiai. Eiaee?othuee i?eeacuaaao

iaa?iieei, ii i/aiue aeanoeei aieinii niio?aoue i?yii ia?aae ni-
aie, ia ieaay, 10-20 naeoiae. Caoai a?iiei i?eeacuaaao: E iaeiia?aiaiii ni neiaaie iaeeaaeu-
aaao naith i?aaoth eaaeiiue ia aeaca eiaee?oaiiai. Caoai i?aaie ?o-
eie eiaee?othuee auiieiyao neieuecyuaa i?eeiniiaaiea e ?oeai
eiaee?oaiiai e ia/eiaao iaaeie ?oeaie aeaeaoue aa?oeeaeueiua, ia-
aeathuea i?ioeaaeiui aicaeooii iannu aaeieue ooeiaeua e aieiau ei-
aee?oaiiai. Iaeiia?aiaiii n ia/aeii iannia neaaeoao aeanoeee i?e-
eac: Caoai ei-
aee?othuee iaeeaaeuaaao aeanoei eaaoth ?oeo ia caoueie eiaee?oa-
iiai, a i?aaoth ?oeo ia iaaeaeoa?iauea e auiieiyao eiaee?iaaiea.
Iinea eiaee?iaaiey /aeiaae auaiaeeony ec NE e ioaeuoaao iie/a
ieioo 10-15.

6. A yoii iaoiaea eiaee?iaaiea auiieiyaony a ianneaiii NE.
Eiaee?oaiue oeeaaeuaaaony ia’eooaoeo, aeeth/aaony iocuea e ii
iaeiie ec eeanne/aneeo NE-oaoiee eiaee?oaiue aaiaeeony ca ioae-
iia a?aiy (io ianeieueeeo ieioo aei ianeieueeeo /ania) a iaiaoiaee-
ioth aeoaeio NE. Aeaeaa neaaeoao eiaee?iaaiea e auaaaeaiea ec NE.

7. Yoa oaoieea eiaee?iaaiey auiieiyaony a ninoiyiee anoa-
noaaiiiai nia. Nii i?aaenoaaeyao niaie neiaeii i?aaieciaaiiia
ooieoeeiiaeueiia ninoiyiea i?aaiecia, oa?aeoa?ecothuaany iaee-
/eai oeeeee/aneiai /a?aaeiaaiey oac iaaeeaiiiai (OIN) e auno?i-
ai nia (OAN). Ai a?aiy OIN i?ienoiaeeo caiaaeeaiea ?eoia aeuoa-
iey e na?aea/iie aeayoaeueiinoe, a ia YYA iiyaeythony iaaeeaiiua
aieiu. Ai a?aiy OAN i?ienoiaeyo niiaeaeaiey e iaaethaeathony au-
no?ua aeaeaeaiey aeac, eciai/eainoue, ia?aaoey?iinoue aaaaoaoea-
iuo i?iyaeaiee (ioeuena, aeuoaiey e ae?.), a YYA noiaeia n aiae?noai-
aaieai n ?acieoeae, /oi aniuoee aeueoa-aiei a caouei/iie iaean-
oe ii /anoioa ia 1-2 Aoe iaiueoa, /ai ai a?aiy aiae?noaiaaiey,
iaia?oaeeaaaony ieceiaieueoiay aeoeaiinoue; aniuoee ino?uo aiei
/anoioie 2-3 a naeoiaeo a oeaio?aeueiie iaeanoe ei?u, aeeyueany
ianeieueei naeoiae e naycaiiua ai a?aiaie n auno?uie aeaeaeaiey-
ie aeac. A iaaeeoeeia i?eiyoa eeanneoeeaoeey noaaeee nia Eoaea-
?a. Iauai?eiyoi n/eoaoue, /oi no?oeoo?u iicaa, ioaaonoaaiiua ca
?aaoeyoeeth oeeeea , a oaeaea ca /a?aaeiaaiea
OIN e OAN, ?aniieiaeaiu a noaiea iicaa. OAN /a?aaeoaony n OIN
4-5 ?ac ca ii/ue e aeeeony 6-8 ieioo, ia?aue ia?eiae /a?ac 45-90
ieioo iinea canuiaiey. Ai a?aiy nia o niyuaai iiaeao iaaethaeaoue-
ny ecae?aoaeueiay /oanoaeoaeueiinoue e ii?aaeaeaiiui ?acae?aaeeoa-
eyi, /oi iauyniyaony iaee/eai , /a?ac ei-
oi?ue niyuee iiaeao iiaeaea?aeeaaoue eiioaeo-?aiii?o n aiaoiei
ie?ii. Oaeie nii i?eiyoi n/eoaoue /anoe/iui, a yaeaiea – yoi e anoue oeceieiae/aneee iaoaieci eiaee?iaaiey. ?ai-
ii?o aicieeaao, anee /aeiaae canuiaao i?e aini?eyoee ?a/e e ia
oo?a/eaaao nayce n enoi/ieeii ?a/e. Aeey onoaiiaeaiey ?aiii?oa
i?eiaiytho niaoeeaeueioth ineoioaoieeo. Eiaee?othuee naaeeony a
” s ia?aue eee iineaaeiee /an nia o ecaieiauey niyuaai e oa-
1312]| iioii ianeieueei ?ac iaaeeaiii i?eeacuaaao: . Aeaeaa eiaee?othuee ia?aaiaeeo nii
a ianneaiia NE e auiieiyao eiaee?iaaiea.

Enoaoe, iie ioaoe i?eiaiye yoo oaoieeo aeey ?acaeoey aiia?a-
aeaiey, niiniaiinoe e NE-2, ?acaeoeth ethauo eiuo niiniaiinoae,
ai?ueau n a?aaeiuie i?eau/eaie, ea/aiey ?acee/iuo caaieaaaiee
e ae?.

8. Yoa oaoieea eiaee?iaaiey auiieiyaony a ia?einia. Eiaee-
?iaaiea a ia?einia i?eiaiyaony aeey iaaeiiaaaeueiuo ethaeae e a
ae?oaeo o?oaeiuo neo/ayo. Ia?einii aucuaatho aaaaeaieai aioo?e –
aaiii i/aiue iaaeeaiii 2-8 ie 10% ?anoai?a iaioiiaea, aa?aaie-
ea (aieoae iao?ey), ieneaooe?aoa iao?ey 10 ie 10% ?anoai?a. I?e
aeinoeaeaiee nia aeaeaaiie aeoaeiu iiaeaea?aeeaatho aai a oa/aiea
ianeieueeeo ieioo iaaeeaiiui aaaaeaieai niioai?iiai, ia auie-
iay eaeu ec aaiu. Iaeiia?aiaiii auiieiytho eiaee?iaaiea. Caoai
auieiatho eaeo e aeatho /aeiaaeo auniaoueny. Anee eiaee?othuee ia
eiaao niaoeeaeueiiai iiuoa ia?eieiaee?iaaiey, oi neaaeoao ciaoue,
/oi ia?einii aeieaeai auoue n?aaeiae aeoaeiu, oae eae eaaeay noa-
iaiue eee aeoaieay aeey eiaee?iaaiey iayooaeoeaiu.

Iiaeii ia?einii ia?aaanoe a ianneaiia NE (anieuoeai ?oee)
eee NE-2 (aeaeeo ea?oeiu).

Iaiiuoiui aeiiioeca?ai neaaeoao ciaoue, /oi aeicu – aauue io-
iineoaeueiay, eae e a?aiy n?aaaouaaiey niioai?iiai. Neaaeoao
oaeaea eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi aiciiaeii yaeaiea ,
eiaaea eiaee?oaiue ia/eiaao e?e/aoue, ?aaoueny, ieaeaoue, niayoue-
ny e o. ae. Aiciiaeai e aa?eaio, eiaaea aia/aea aaiaeyo a NE, a caoai
aeatho i?eiyoue niioai?iia eee ia?eioee aeey aai oaeoaeaiey (yoe?-
iue, oei?ioi?iiue ia?eicu, ianeaeei, ineeioeeaei, ENAe-aeey-
oaeaieae eeca?aeiiaie eeneiou e ae?.), a caoai neaaeoao i?ioeaaeo?a
eiaee?iaaiey.

A caeeth/aiea neaaeoao neacaoue, /oi nouanoaoao aua i/aiue iii-
ai ae?oaeo iaoiaeia eiaee?iaaiey, ii ana iie naiaeyony e iaeiie oao-
ieea – aia/aea aucuaaaony iiauoaiiay aini?eei/eainoue e oieue-
ei caoai neaaeoao i?ioeaaeo?a eiaee?iaaiey.

A oaia?ue ?anniio?ei ineoii?ia?aiie?iaaiea a neo/ayo e?e-
ieiaeueiiai aeiiica (TH. A. Ua?aaouo, 1998):

eaoaai?ee /?ac-
au/aeii neiaeii e o?aaoao aeineiiaeueiiai eco/aiey ineoioecei-
eiaee iauaeoa, eniieueciaaiey niaoeeaeueiie iaaeeoeeineie e eii-
iuethoa?iie aiia?aoo?u, caaeaenoaiaaiey eiaee?iaueeia-aeiiioe-
ca?ia, ae?ooicii aeaaeathueo oaoieeie iiiainooiai/aoiai
aeiiica.

Aeey i?eaioe?othuaai iciaeiieaiey n oeie/iuie i?eaiaie
ciiae?iaaiey, i?aaenoaaei ia?o i?inoaiueeeo, ii io?aaioaiiuo ia
i?aeoeea iaoiaeee “aeanoeiai” ineoe/aneiai ia?ai?ia?aiie?iaa-
iey /aeiaaea.
Iaoiae 1

– ia?niio ecuiatho ec aa i?aaeiae n?aaeu, eiioaeou n eioi?ie
iieiinoueth i?a?uaathony;

– ?aaeei aeiy aeieaeai oeaeeeii i?ioeai?a/eoue aa i?aaeiei i?e-
au/eai;

– aeoeaii i?iaioee?oaony iaaeiaa?ea ei anai, eoi aea?oao ie-
?oaeaao (aa iaaei iaiaiuaatho, ia iaa iiaeei aeiiinyo, ae ceiaii oa-
?iaeatho);

– inouanoaeythony iai?a?uaaaiua aeoeee aeene?aaeeoaoeee
(iiaeoaniaea, auniaeaaiea) anaai, /ai /aeiaae aei?iaeeo;

– aeeaoa i?aeiouanoaaiii oaeaaiaeiay e aacaaeeiaay, n iiae-
iaoeaaieai iooieythueo niciaiea i?aia?aoia (aieiacei) e iay-
caoaeueiui iaaeinuiaieai;

– ii aeinoeaeaiee ninoiyiey ooiiai aac?acee/ey, i?iaiaeeony
iaiaoiaeeiia eiaee?iaaiea i?eaiaie aeoeaiiai aiooaiey eee aei-
iica.
Iaoiae 2

Yoio aa?eaio neaaaaony ec o?ao iineaaeiaaoaeueiuo nooiaiae,
oaeeo eae:

– i?iiuaaiea iicaia (i/enoea iaiyoe io iaeiaaea ath aini?e-
iyoiai, eiiaiea a?aiaiii-i?ino?ainoaaiiuo i?eaioe?ia, nicaea-
iea aac?acee/ey e e i?ioeiio, e e aoaeouaio);

– neiaaniia eiaee?iaaiea (aeoeaiia aicaeaenoaea ia ineoeeo,
a eioi?oth aiaae?ytho ii?aaeaeaiiua eaeae e i?aaenoaaeaiey);

– cae?aieaiea (eiio?ieue onaiaiiinoe aiaae?aiiiai).
Oaoieea ?aaeecaoeee yoeo oac iau/ii oaeiaa:

– eniieuecoy aeiiic e neeueiua niioai?iua (e i?eia?o, aa?-

,aaiee n iiaeiaoaiiui e iaio aieiaceiii), iauaeo iia?oaeatho a
aeeeoaeueiue (aeiae ia 15) nii, i?e/ai aeaa ?aca a nooee aai oiee?o-
tho yeaeo?ioieii (a iaia?a noaei?iaeiie oa?aiee i?e aiieeooaea
eiioeuenia aei 150 aieueo), eioi?ue i?iioneatho /a?ac aieiao;

– a oa/aiea 10-15 aeiae e?oaeua nooee /a?ac iaooieee i?i-
e?o/eaatho caienue iaiaoiaeeiiai aiooaiey, a a caaa?oaiea eaae-
aeiai naaina aeey aieaa ?aeueaoiiai aini?eieiaiey aiaae?yaiiai
iauaeo iiaeaa?aatho aeaenoaeth yeaeo?ioiea, ii yeaeo?iaeu caeanue
iiaeaaaeaiu e iiaai;

.>,-e. – iauaeoa ie/eatho ia?eioeeaie e iae?ieaioeeaie, ii-
[{314JJ aeaaeythueie aai aieth (aieiacei…); ia yoii oiia i?iai-

aeyo iiiai/aniaua aanaaeu, ai a?aiy eioi?uo i?iaa?yaony, ianeieue-
ei oi?ioi onaiaii aiooaiiia>. \

E?iia iaoe niaoeneoaeau i?eiaiytho iiaeeoi,
oaioaae, caioaeaaiea e ae?. (?. ?iiei, 1998). \

Iiaeeoi – yoi acaeiiauaiaeiue iaiai, aaea ca( ?aaeueiia niaeae-
noaea eeai niaeanea nio?oaeie/aoue iauaeo iieo/aao ii?aaeaeaiiia
aiciaa?aaeaeaiea. /

Iiaeeoi /aua anaai eniieuecoaony aeey:

– i?eaea/aiey e nio?oaeie/anoao; ^

– iieo/aiey eioi?iaoeee;

– neeiiaiey e iaeiiiiiaioiiio aeaenoaeth (eee e neoaeaaii-
io aacaeaenoaeth);

– nicaeaiey eiii?iiaoa (oaoieea i?iaieaoeee).
Iiaeeoi ia?aaeei ni/aoatho n oaioaaeii (iiaeneaueaaiea ieeth-
ee) e oaaaeaeaieai (ae?oaeaneay iiaeaea?aeea).

Ciiaee?oy iauaeo ia oniaoiinoue iiaeeoia, i?iniao?eaatho aai

aeinuea, aueneeaay ana iiiaiou, naeaeaoaeuenoaothuea i aioiaiinoe

acyoue acyoeo:

– eiie?aoiua /a?ou oa?aeoa?a (caaenoeeainoue, aania/iinoue,
eiioeueneaiinoue, aeaaeiinoue, aiooaaiinoue);

– ?eneiaaiiinoue;

– iaiaee e neooe;

– eiathueany i?aoeaaeaiou a i?ioeii;

— aueacuaaaiua i?eoycaiey e ?aaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe;

– cia/eiua eeoe a ie?oaeaiee (aeaia, aeaoe, ethaiaieoea) e eo
i?aaeiieaaaaiua ioaeaeu;

– iaee/anoaothuea auoiaua e iaoa?eaeueiua oneiaey;


naaiaeiyoithth neooaoeeth (ea?uea?iua e iaoa?eaeueiua cao-
?oaeiaiey, aiacaiiay iaiaoiaeeiinoue a /ai-eeai);

– oiaae e iaiee.

A ea/anoaa aiciaa?aaeaeaiey i?e iiaeeoia iau/ii aunooiatho:

– cia/eoaeueiua iaoa?eaeueiua oeaiiinoe e iaaeaeaeeiinoue (aa-
ethoa, aeaiueae, aioeeaa?eao, i?iecaaaeaiey eneonnoaa, aaoiiiaeee,
yeaeo?iieea, aeeeuea, caiaeueiue o/anoie, aeaei e oe?ia);

– niaeaenoaea iauaeoo e aai aeeceei (auaiaeiia o?oaeiono?ie-
noai eee ?aai/ee eiio?aeo, ono?ienoai a i?anoeaeiue aoc, i?iaea-
aea aei?iaiai i?aaeiaoa ii i/aiue ieceie oeaia, iaania/aiea aecie,
cia/eoaeueiia i?iaeaeaeaiea ii neoaeaa);

– ?acee/iua iio?aaiinoe (eieeaeoeeiiiua eee oiaaeeiua
i?aaeiaou, ia?eioeee, i?anoeaeiua ciaeiinoaa, aeaeaaiay eioi?-
iaoeey).

Iniiauaaynue ia oaeoo?a aeinuea, iiaeii:

– aucaaoue (eee iieiaoue) iiiaio ino?ie iio?aaiinoe iauaeoa
e aai aeeceeo a aeaiueaao (i?iea?uo a aca?oiie ea?a, o?aaiaaiea
noa?iai aeieaa, aiacaiiay aiciiaeiinoue i?eia?anoe ia/oi aanueia
aeaeaiiia, en/aciiaaiea eee ii?/a acyoie ia a?aiy oeaiiie aaue);

– i?aaeeiaeeoue, ia?aie/eaay n?ie, eaeoth-oi aanueia eioa?ano-
thuoth iauaeo (eee aai ethaeiuo) aauue; i?e yoii i?aaeeaaathuee e
iiaeeoiathuee iiaoo eae aoaeoi au ia ciaoue ae?oa ae?oaa eee aea au-
nooiaoue a iaeiii eeoea;

– ?ano?aaeeaay oaa ca oaaii aiiaoeou iauaeoa, aai ^–.
i?eaaaeeaatho e aeaiueaai (o/eouaay, /oi i?eau/eo eaa/a |[315]

nicaeaoue, /ai iieiiaoue), a iinea o?aaotho ca iiaua ii-
?aaeaeaiiua oneoae;

– iooa/eaay caaenoue iauaeoa e aai aeeceeo e i?aoniaaathua-
io eieeaaa eeai ninaaeo, iiaeniauaatho aio oain aeinoe/ue aunieiai
iaoa?eaeueiiai eeai i?anoeaeiiai o?iaiy iineaaeieo;

– i?iny iauaeo i iaei/iie oneoaa, aeaaiaea?yo aai a oie oi?-
ia, e eioi?ie cao?oaeieoaeueii i?eae?aoueny e ioeacaoueny (iiaea?ie
aeey aeaoae, aeeaou ia eiioea?o, aooueea oi?ioaai aeia); yoi eiia-
ao aioo?aiiee aa?uea? e iaeaa/aao aiciiaeiinoue iineaaeothuaai iiae-
eoia.

I?e iiaeeoia ea?uea?ie, iaa?aaeie, eiio?aeoii eee i?eno?ae-
aaieai eoaea-eeai i?ioiaeeo aeaoiaue aa?eaio, eiaaea io iiai/ii-
ai enoi/ieea ca?aiaa ociatho i iaia/aaiii niauoee, ii iiaeatho
aai eae i?iaeaaaiia aiciaa?aaeaeaiea ca iaeeaeaaioth oneoao.

Aioiaiinoue ii?aaeaeytho ii aeacai e ?aaae?i-
aaieth ia neieuecyuea iaiaee, a oaeaea ii neiaai aeiaa?aiiuo ii-
n?aaeieeia.

I?ioeann ia?aaea/e acyoee (ai?yioth ec ?oe a ?oee, /a?ac eo?ue-
a?a, iiaeniauaaieai a noie eee a ea?iai, iin?aaenoaii o?aoueeo eeoe,
ioeoeeaeueiui ia?aaiaeii ii eiio?aeoo ca iaauiieiaiioth ?aai-
oo) caaeneo io ?aaeueiie neooaoeee e ianoa aeaenoaey (ia thaeeaa, ia
?aaioa, ia ioaeuoa) e aeieaeai auoue iainei?aeoaeai (oioy ia anaaaea)
aeey iieo/aoaey.

I?e yoii neaaeoao ia eneeth/aoue e iai?aaeaeaeaiiiai iiai?ioa ni-
auoee (aiacaiiia iaiaaeaiea, oi?iaeueiia caaea?aeaiea, a?oaue ia-
iai) e auoue anaaaea aioiaui e naiui iai?eyoiui iaiaeeaeaiiinoyi.

Oaeo ia?aaea/e acyoee aeaeaoaeueii iaaeaaeii caoeene?iaaoue
(?anieneie, iiia/aiiuie aauaie, naeaeaoaeyie, aoaeei- eee ae-
aeaicaienyie), i?aaiecoy eiii?iiao aeey i?eiaiaiey aai a aeaeue-
iaeoai a ea/anoaa oaioaaea.

Iiae oaioaaeii iiae?acoiaaaaony iiioey?iue iaoiae aicaeae-
noaey, a i?ioeanna eioi?iai noauaeoa noaayo ia?aae auai?ii: eeai
ii auiieieo ana o?aaiaaiey oaioaaee?othuaai, eeai ii?i/auay
aai eioi?iaoeey aoaeao i?aaenoaaeaia ii?aaeaeaiiui eeoeai.

Iiaeaioiaeaiea e inouanoaeaiea oaioaaea o?aaotho ?aaeecaoeee
oaeeo ia?ii?eyoee, eae:

– iiene noa? ?aaeueiie oycaeiinoe iauaeoa;

– auai? eiie?aoiiai i?aaeiaoa oaioaaea;

– onoaiiaeaiea oao ethaeae, eioi?ui ii noaeaeaieth iauaeoa
i?aaeaeueii iaaeaeaoaeueii ciaoue i/a?iythuea aai aeaiiua;

– iiaeai? e ioi?ieaiea eiii?iiaoa, iaee/anoaothuaai eeai
niaoeeaeueii nicaeaaaaiiai;

– ii?aaeaeaiea oaeoeee e noeey oaioaaea, aeeth/ay oi?io e
ii?yaeie i?aaeuyaeaiey eiii?iiaoa;

– ieaie?iaaiea e i?iaaaeaiea yieciaeia ii iiae?uao aiee
iauaeoa;

. – auai? oaeiaiiai iiiaioa e ianoa inouanoaeaiey oeaio?aeue-
iie aeoeee;

– i?iaeoiuaaiea iiaaaeaiey i?e ?aciuo (a oii /enea iaeiaa-
?iyoiuo) ?aaeoeeyo iauaeoa e i?i/eo cao?oaeiaieyo, aiciiaeiuo
‘.–,\ a oiaea iniiaiie iiiuoee.
[316JJ ?anniio?ei yoe aniaeou iaiiiai iiae?iaiaa.

1. Iiene yeaiaioia ?aaeueiie oycaeiinoe iauaeoa
Ana, /ai iauaeo aei?iaeeo e /oi iianaaony aiacaiii iioa?youe
(ea?uea?a, iieiaeaiea a iauanoaa, ethaiaue eaeie-oi y aeeceeo ethaeae);

– neaiaeaeueiuo oaeoia, yaii niiniaiuo caaoaeoue ee/ioth
aeeciue (ii?i/auea eioeiiua nayce, oiee?othuea iinooiee);

– i/a?iythueo iaoa?eaeia ia aeeceeo aeey iauaeoa eeoe (ia-
eoth aeaiueio, aeeceeo ae?ocae, ?iaeiuo, aeaoae) iiaoueo ecaaaeeoue
ei anth aeeciue;

– ?aaeueiuo eee noaa?eeiaaiiuo eiii?iiaoe?othueo aeai-
iuo noaoai oaieiaiiai oa?aeoa?a.

Oaea? ii iaeiie ciia /oanoaeoaeueiinoe iau/ii ia?aiineony e
ia ae?oaea ciiu. E i?eia?o, eiii?iiaoaoeey ia ?aaioa niiniaia
i?eaanoe e e oooaeoaieth ioiioaiee ni cia/eiuie eeoeaie (aae-
aeo iioa?e ?aiooaoeee), e e e?aoo a ee/iie aeecie (ec-ca oo?aou
nioeeaeueiiai noaoona).

3. Ii?aaeaeaiea ethaeae, eioi?ui n oi/ee c?aiey iauaeoa i?a-
aeaeueii iaaeaeaoaeueii ciaoue /a?iyuea aai aeaiiua.

Iauaeo iiaeao nianai ia aieiiaaoueny, anee ii?i/auea aai naa-
aeaiey ociaao iinoi?iiiaa eeoei, ii a oi aea a?aiy ii aioia aoaeao
iieoe ia ana, oieueei au ia yoeo oaeoao ia ociae ae?oaie, aiieia
ii?aaeaeaiiue /aeiaae.

Aioiaynue e oaioaaeo, iaiaoiaeeii /aoei oynieoue, eiio, ii iia-
ieth iauaeoa, ciaoue aeaiiue eiii?iiao i?aaeaeueii iaaeaeaoaeueii
(ia/aeuenoao ia ?aaioa, ia?oia?o a aeciana, cia/eiui ee- ,-.–.
oeai, neaiaeaeueiui aeo?iaeenoai, aeaia, ae?ocueyi e iaae?oaai, [151LI

iioaioeeaeueiui a?aaai, i?aaiai iaeiaiaie iieeoeee, aioo?aiieo
aeae e neoaeau aaciianiinoe) e aeoeaioe?iaaoue aiciiaeiinoue ia?a-
aea/e iaoa?eaea eiaiii a oa ?oee.

4. Iiaeai? e ioi?ieaiea eiii?iiaoa, aeeth/ay ?ac?aaioeo e
i?iaaaeaiea aeoeee, aeene?aaeeoe?othueo iauaeo

Oaeou, iaoeaeaiiua ia eiii?iiaoaoeeth iauaeoa, auaatho:

– iieo/aiiuie a oiaea ?ac?aaioee /aeiaaea;

– i?aaeiieaaaaiuie, ii ieeai ia iiaeoaa?aeaeaiiuie;

– /anoe/ii eee aea anaoeaei noaa?eeiaaiiuie, ii a iauai-oi
i?aaaeiiiaeiaiuie;

– oiaei einie?e?iaaiiuie (o. a. iiaeno?iaiiuie).
Caaeaenoaiaaiea eaaeaeie ec yoeo a?oii eiaao nianoaaiiua ini-
aaiiinoe:

– iieo/aiiua oaeou aeieaeiu auoue ii aiciiaeiinoe caaeieo-
iaioe?iaaiu (aoaeei- e aeaeaicaiene, noaiu e oioia?aoee, eiiee
aaaeiuo aoiaa, naeaeaoaeuenoaa ii?aaeaeaiiuo eeoe), /oiau ia au-
cuaaoue ie o eiai ii?aaaeaiiuo niiiaiee;

– i?aaeiieaaaaiua oaeou auaiaeyony ia iniiaaiee iiai/iuo
aeaiiuo e i?eiaiythony /aua anaai eae aeiiieieoaeueiua;

– eneonii noaa?eeiaaiiua oaeou ecaioiaeytho auoaaouaa-
ieai ec eiioaenoa aeaenoaeoaeueiuo auneacuaaiee e iinooieia ei-
aeeaeaea ni niaoeeoe/iie eo eioa?i?aoaoeeae, niauathuae aeoeaio a
ioaeioth aai noi?iio; aeiaaaeaiiua nthaea auiuoeaiiua oaeou a
naaoa i?aaeoanoaothueo enoeiiuo eaaeoony i/aiue ?aaeueiuie (aei-
aaaeaiiua oaeou iiaoo auoue e iiaeeeiiuie, ii ecaeaeaaiuie
ec ae?oaiai a?aiaie e neooaoeee; aeiaieueii ia?niaeoeaai oaeie aa-
?eaio, eiaaea oii iaania/eaatho auiuoeaiiua oaeou, a ?aaeueiua
ieacuaathony i?e yoii eiii?iiaoii;

– oiaei einie?e?iaaiiua oaeou yaeytho iioeiaeueiue aeae
eiii?iiaoa, anee a i?ioeii e a ianoiyuai aeaiiiai /aeiaaea ia
aeaeii yaiuo eee iao a?aiaie (eeai aiciiaeiinoae) ia
ne?oioeacioth i?iaa?eo aai aeecie. Oei einie?e?iaaiiiai oaeoa
caaeneo io ineoioece/aneeo iniaaiiinoae iauaeoa, aai i?eau/ae,
ianoaiiaee, aiciiaeiinoae iaieioeyoi?a e iaia/aaiiai iai?aa-
eaiey eiii?iiaoaoeee; iaaei o/eouaaoue, /oi iaeiiai
iiaeao nianai ia aieiiaaoue ae?oaiai. Iaeioi?ua ec einie?e?iaai-
iuo oaeoia oaeiaiu a ea/anoaa oaea?aeeaathueo e aeiiieiythueo,
i?e/ai ana Nicaeaiiua neooaoeee aeieaeiu auoue /aoei caoeene?i-
aaiu e caaeieoiaioe?iaaiu.

I?inoaeoeie iiaeno?iaiiuie neooaoeeyie iiaoo neoaeeoue,
neaaeai, oaeea:

– aoyaeaaiea iauaeoa a aeaea eaeie-oi niaa?oaiii aaciaeaeiie
iaoi?iaeueiie i?aaiecaoeee (e?oaeea, eeoaa), eioi?ay aiacaiii
ieacuaaaony a?aaeaeaaiie iauanoao eee eiie?aoiie a?oiia;

– i?inueaa e iauaeoo i iacia/eoaeueiie oneoaa (caeoe eoaea-eeai
e ia?aaeaoue /oi-eeai), eioi?ay iin?aaenoaii eciaiaiey aeoeaioia
oaea ia aoaeao auaeyaeaoue oae aaciaeaeii;

– iiaea?anuaaiea iauaeoo (a eaa?oe?o, ioen, ii?ooaeue) ea-
eeo-eeai eiii?iiaoe?othueo aauae (ia?eioeee, aeeneaoa n eii-
oeaeaioeeaeueiie eioi?iaoeeae, i?oaeea oaeenoaa), i /ai niiauaao-

.–e, ny ia ieea oaioaaea, oae /oi ecaaaeoueny io ieo oae i?inoi

[318JI iao aiciiaeiinoe:

– ecuyoea o /aeiaaea ?acee/iuie iooyie (e?aaea, iaiai) ia-
?acaeaoaaiuo ?aai/eo aeieoiaioia, en/aciiaaiea eaeiauo /?a-
aaoi aeey iaai aieueoeie iai?eyoiinoyie (n ieo i?e yoii iiaeao
auoue niyoa eiiey eee iie aoaeoo aica?auaiu i?e oaioaaea); -^

– iiaeniauaaiea iauaeoo naenoaeueiiai ia?oia?a n iineaaeotho
uae oeenaoeeae eioeiiiai iauaiey eee oa?icie iaaeiaiey a ec-\
ianeeiaaiee;

– einoeaie?iaea oaieiaiie neooaoeee (aaa?ee, oaeenoaa, ec-1
ianeeiaaiee, a?aaaaea, oi?aiaee ia?eioie, iiaeaeiaa, e?aaee), ae-/
oeaiia o/anoea a eioi?ie aiaoia i?aaaeiiiaeiaii i?eienuaaaony
iauaeoo; /

– oaeueneoeeaoeey ?acee/iuo aeieoiaioia i yeiau eiaaoai
ianoi i?aaeaoaeuenoaa iauaeoa.

5. Ii?aaeaeaiea oaoieee e oaeoeee oaioaaea

I?e oaioaaea iau/iu iaoiaeu (iiae naiei eiaiai),
(iiae /oaeei eiaiai) e (anaoeaei
aiiieiiiai) iiaeoiaeia.

*oiau , iaiaoiaeeii:

– i?iaeaiiino?e?iaaoue na?ueaciinoue e aeieoiaioe?iaaiiinoue
eiii?iiaoa;

– oaa?eoue /aeiaaea a oaa?aeie ?aoeiinoe caaeaenoaiaaoue yoio
eiii?iiao, anee iauaeo aoaeao a?oa/eoueny;

– oaaaeeoaeueii aeieacaoue aio, /oi yoiio niiauaieth iiaa?yo;

– aeinooiii iienaoue ?aaeueiua iineaaenoaey iiniaoiiai iai-
niio?eoaeueiiai ioeaca;

– niiaueoue iauaeoo, eae ii iia au iiiuoaoueny caueoeoueny,
e ii/aio yoi aanniuneaiii (o. a. );

– i?aaeaeueii ia?aie/eoue aa?eaoeaiinoue aai auai?a;

– aeaaeoue oaeoi?ii a?aiaie;

– iiaeno?aoiaaoueny aeiiieieoaeueiui naaaeei eiii?iiaoii.
Oaeoeea iaieioee?iaaiey iaoa?eaeaie ii?aaeaeyaony i?e?i-
aeie oeao?e?oaiuo oaeoia, eo caaeieoiaioe?iaaiiinoueth, oa?ae-
oa?ii e iiuoiinoueth oaioaaee?oaiiai, a oaeaea iniaaiiinoyie ne-
ooaoeee.

Oaeou iau/ii i?aaeuyaeytho:

– aiacaiii (ioa?aoeaay iauaeo);

– iii/a?aaeii (ii noaiaie ia?anoaiey eo neeu).

Io oaeoeee iiaea/e iaoa?eaea eiie ?ac caaeneo oniao anae ae-
oeee. Anee iauaeo ia?aianao aiacaiiinoue iaiaaeaiey, oi
ii a aeaeueiaeoai aoaeao neaai ?aaae?iaaoue ia inoaeueiua, a anee ii-
aeaaaoue iaee/ioth oaeoo?o ii ia?a ia?anoaiey na?ueaciinoe, oi aa-
?iyoii aaeaioe?iaaiii e iae, e naiue neeueiue oaeo oaea ia iea-
aeao aeieaeiiai yiioeeiiaeueiiai aicaeaenoaey.

I?e i?aaeuyaeaiee eaeeo-oi aeieoiaioia eo/oa anaai aeaiii-
no?e?iaaoue eo eiiee, /oiau noauaeo aiacaiii ia ecuye (n oie/oi-
aeaieai) i?eaeiaeu, aeaaea anee iianiinoue yoiai eaaeaony i?aaeaeue-
ii iacia/eoaeueiie.

I?e ionoonoaee ?aaeueiuo aeieoiaioia aiciiaeii aeaoiaaoue, ni-
iauay, /oi iie iaee/anoaotho (oioy anee iauaeo oaa?ai, /oi eo iao,
oaeea cayaeaiey eeoue oneeyo aa?iyoiia nii?ioeaeaiea), eeai eii-
e?aoii oeacaoue eo ianoiiaoiaeaeaiea, i?ieciany n oniao- e–^
eie, /oi ii iiaeao iii?iaiaaoue ecuyoue nae eiii?iiao (yoi [L319J

aeiaieueii yooaeoeaii, eaa?iAEaeaa> aia/aoeaiea, /oi oaioaaee?oth-
uee oaa?ai a naieo neeao). Anaaaea inoa?aaaeoanue aeaoiaaoue, anee
ia yoii iiaoo eceiaeoue.

I?e eniieueciaaiee i?aaeiieaaaaiuo oaeoia iaieioee?iaaoue
iaiaoiaeeii i?aaeaeueii inoi?iaeii, ?aaeueii ia?aie/eaaynue iaia-
eaie e oooeai n aieiaoaeueiui ioneaaeeaaieai ?aaeoeee iauae-
oa. Aeiaieueii ia?niaeoeaii /aeiaaea iaiaeaie
ia iaeee i/aiue aa?iyoiue, ii nianai ia yaiue oaeo; e ?aoeoaeue-
iiio i?anneiao i?e yoii ia?aoiaeyo eeoue iinea iiyaeaiey niio-
aaonoaothuae ?aaeoeee iauaeoa. A i?aaeuyaeyaiii iaai?a uaeio-
eeauo iaoa?eaeia i?aaeiieaaaaiia iaaei ?aciauaoue iaaeaeo aiie-
ia iaaeaaeiui.

Aeoeaii iia?e?oy oiaei noaa?eeiaaiiuie oaeoaie, iiaeii
e ia ne?uaaoue, /oi yoi – oaa?eeaoeey, a eiie ?ac ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi
yoi – enoeiiay i?aaaea. Aaaeii i?iaeaiiino?e?iaaoue acaeiinaycue
iiaeaeaeueiiai e iiaeeeiiiai e oeacaoue ia iaaiciiaeiinoue iainiiaai-
iiai io?eoeaiey , a oaeaea ia oi, /oi ana aini?eioo ia-
oa?eae eiaiii oae, eae iieaaaao oaioaaee?othuee.

I?e einie?e?iaaiiuie oaeoaie iieacii a ieea oai-
oaaea niiaueoue iauaeoo i iiaenoiooii aio eaeii-oi eiii?iiaoa,
caiaoea, /oi nea eeoue iaeei iaeeee yieciae ec na?ee iiaeiaiuo.
Iauaeo iiaeao aac i?iiaaeeaiey ioeaieoue i?aaaeeainoue niiauaiii-
ai eeai ai?yioth, eeai iicaiiea ii oaeaoiio.

I?e au?aaeaiiuo eieaaaieyo eiaeeaeaea eiie ?ac ia iaoaao
iieacaoue aio naith ?aoeiinoue aoeoe?iaaiey eiii?iiaoa iooai
caiiea ii oaeaoiio a aeey oaioaaee?oaiiai ianoi eeai
aeeaaeuaaiey aeieoiaioia a eiiaa?o, ia eioi?ii ieoaony eiie?ao-
iue iaaeaeaoaeueiue aeey /aeiaaea aae?an, n oa?icie iionoeoue aai a
ii/oiaue yuee eee a?o/eoue eo?uea?o. Aiciiaeai, ai?i/ai, caeanue
e aeao n ionoui, oaea caeeaaiiui eiiaa?oii.

Iainiiaaiea oiai, /oi ii?i/auae eioi?iaoeee iiaa?yo, ino-
uanoaeyaony eeoue a neo/aa, anee iia ia i/aiue iaaeaaeia eee iauaeo
neeoeii naiioaa?ai. Caeanue iiia/aeo iauyniytho, aaeaeo /aai ni-
iauaieth iiaa?yo, a iinea oae, aeey aieueoae oaaaeeoaeueiinoe, aun-
eacuaatho e aiciiaeiua niiiaiey, aeeth/ay oi, eae ana iie ii?i-
aa?aathony.

Iienaiea iai?eyoiinoae, iieo/aiiuo io ?acaeaoaiey eiii-
?iiaoa, eiaao niune eeoue a oii neo/aa, anee o iauaeoa ia?aie-
/aiiia aiia?aaeaiea e ynii, /oi ii i?inoi ia niiniaai naiinoiy-
oaeueii ioeaieoue oa?ico oaioaaea. *aua anaai, iaeiaei, cai?inoi
oaaoaao iaiaea, n o/aoii oiai, /oi aiia?aaeaiea aeoeaii aei?enoao
inoaeueiia.

A eiioaeoa n oeaeueth oaioaaea neaaeoao aieiaoaeueii ioneaaee-
aaoue ana i?iyaeythueany a eeoea, aeaeaeaieyo, aieina e o?acao
/aeiaaea ?aaeoeee iaaeaaeaeu e, oeiaea eo, ooo aea iaeo?aeeciaaoue
iineaaeiea ca?aiaa iiaeia?aiiie a?aoiaioaoeeae. Iiaeii iia?a-
aeeoue iauaeo, ia?eniaaa aio eae au i?aiyonoaothuea oaioaaeo
ia?ii?eyoey, iinea /aai aiieia a?aoiaioe?iaaiii ii?iaa?a-
iooue eo.

Iieo/ea niaeanea iauaeoa ia nio?oaeie/anoai, iaaei oio/an aea

. s caaeieoiaioe?iaaoue yoio oaeo (aeaeai- e aoaeeicaienue, ?an-
[320 ]] ienea, oioia?aoey…) e (a /anoiinoe, i?e noaa?eeiaaiiie

oaeoo?a) iii?iaiaaoue ?acaeeoueny o iaai aeiaaai/iie eiii?iiaoa-
oeeae ia naiiai naay eeai aaoi?eoaoiuo eeoe a ea/anoaa naeaeaoaeue-
noaa ene?aiiinoe niaeaney.

6. Ieaie?iaaiea e i?iaaaeaiea-yieciaeia ii iiaeaaeaieth aiee
/aeiaaea

*oiau iaia/aiiue iauaeo noae ianeieueei iieeaaeenoaa, iieac-
ia i?aaeaa?eoaeueiay iiaeaioiaea, i?eaioe?iaaiiay ia iiaeaaeaiea
aai aiee. I?e yoii i?eiaiythony oaeea o?thee, eae: —.

– a?oaia oa??i?ece?iaaiea /aeiaaea oaeaoiiiuie caiieaie
(e aeiai, e ii/ueth), /anouie aiiieieaie e iaiin?aaenoaaiiui oe-\
ce/aneei aicaeaenoaeai;

– ?ani?ino?aiaiea eiaeiuo neooia i yeiau eiathuainy ni-
o?oaeie/anoaa aea?oau n eiieo?aioaie; /

– oaa?eeaoeey iineaiee io aeaeiauo ia?oia?ia e ni?aoieeia
n oa?icaie ?ani?aaeoueny ca iaeia i?aaeaoaeuenoai; /

– oaa?eeaoeey iineaiee io ethaeiuo eeoe, niiauathueo i iai-
aeeaeaiiii ?ac?uaa ioiioaiee;

– einoeaie?iaea neo/aaa, ?anoeaieaaaiuo eae ceiaauea i?e-
iaou;

– aicaeaenoaea ia neooiaoth, ia?aioth e c?eoaeueioth nenoaiu
iauaeoa n iiiiuueth aeaii?aeecothueo niiauaiee (nia?oue eee
a?ano aeeceeo, e?aaea e ecianeeiaaiea ?aaaiea, ooiae ethaeiie
aeaiu, e?ooaiea ?aaeueiuo iaaeaaeae), ineoiaeaee/iie iocuee,
oiee?othueo ecia?aaeaiee (oioi aeaiu a eioei-eiioaeoa n eai-
eeai);

– ?acee/iua ia?ii?eyoey, i?aaenoaaeaiiua a iiae?acaeaea i ca-
ioaeaaiee.

Iiaeii aeiaieueii yooaeoeaii iiaeaaeyoue /oaeoth aieth n iiii-
uueth noaiaea?oiuo iaaeeoeeineeo i?aia?aoia (aeo?iaia, o?eooace-
ia, aaneeueea, ei?iy eiaeaeoaiu, eioeiaeia, aeae?ioei?eaea…).
Oaeea aauanoaa oe?aaeeie aeiaaaeytho a ieouea e ieuo, a ?anoai?a n
aeeiaeneaeii aiaae?ytho i?e eiioaeoe?iaaiee n eiaeae, a eiiaaea iiae-
niauaatho aianoi iau/iiai eaea?noaa.

7. Auai? iiiaioa e ianoa inouanoaeaiey oeaio?aeueiie ae-
oeee

Aeaaii?eyoiue iiiaio aeey i?iaaaeaiey oaioaaea iau/ii aic-
ieeaao i?e:

– e?aoeia?aiaiiii nieaeaiee aieaauo ea/anoa iauaeoa (a
eoiaa iiaeaioaaeeaathueo ia?ii?eyoee, aei?eoie/iinoe eee ia-
ee/iie neooaoeee);

– i?aaeaeueiie iaaeaeaoaeueiinoe eiii?iiaoaoeee aeey /aeiaa-
ea (ia?eiae i?iaeaeaeaiey a ea?uea?a, aeaaeainoai ?anneaaeaiey iin-
ea oniaoa).

Ianoi inouanoaeaiey iniiaiiai yieciaea iau/ii auae?aaony
a caaeneiinoe io ianoiyoaeuenoa, ii a niioaaonoaee ni neaaeothue-
ie o?aaiaaieyie:

– iieiia ionoonoaea eeoieo ethaeae;

– ithainu ianoaiiaee ieneieueei ia aeieaeiu niinianoaiaaoue
ineoieiae/aneie iiaeaea?aeea oaioaaee?oaiiai;

– o eniieieoaey aeieaeia auoue /aoeay aiciiaeiinoue oneieuec-
iooue i?e aoaeothuae ?aaeoeee iauaeoa eee ae?oaeo aiciee- -‘ ,
oeo iaiaeeaeaiiinoae; | [321 J

11 Cae. ? 821

– caeanue ia aeieaeii auoue ieeaeie iioaioeeaeueiie iai?eyoiin-
oe aeey aeecie e caei?iauey oaioaaee?othuaai (aeecinoue aeaeaciiaei-
?iaeiiai iieioia, ianoi ooniaee ia?eiiaiia).

Aeoeey oaioaaea ia y?eii oiia oiiece?othuae ?eoie/ii-ia?-
oaaie iaeiaeee ia?aaeei aucuaaao oneeaiea aieaaiai nii?ioeaea-
iey iauaeoa, oiaaea eae oii ?ie-iocuee ?iaeaeaao aa?anneaiua oai-
aeaioeee.

Iai?ioea, ia?ii?eyoey i?e iinauaiee aeeneioaee auaatho
i/aiue yooaeoeaiu, iineieueeo a?iieia cao/aiea e oeaaoiiocuea
aicaeaenoaotho iiaeiaii aeeiaieth e iiaeaaeytho aieth /aeiaaea, ee-
oay aai aeieaeiie nia?aiiinoe.

?aaioay a aa?eaioa, aiciiaeii:

– aeiaiai?eoueny i naeaeaiee ii oaeaoiio, aeaenoaoy io eiaie
cia/eiiai eeoea;

e eiaeeaeaeo ia oeeoea eee iiaenanoue e iaio a ?a-
noi?aia;

– caeoe e iauaeoo iai?yioth aeiiie;

– ?acaeeaay ethaiiuonoai /aeiaaea, iicaaoue aai ia iaeoth oa-
einoaaiioth ano?a/o ienueiii, iiaeienaiiui eaeei-oi iaecaano-
iui aae?anaoii.

I?e aaneiioaeoiuo niiniaao, eae i?aaeei, eniieuecotho iaeii-
noi?iiiee eaiae oaena e oaeaoiia, aeeth/ay nioiaoth e einie/a-
neoth naycue, n iaania/aieai iacanaeaiey naiaai iiia?a () eeai n eniieueciaaieai iinoi?iiiae aaiiaioneie eeiee aac
aaaeiia aa ?aaeueiiai oicyeia. A iineaaeiai neo/aa i?iua anaai i?e-
ia?anoe eaeie-eeai ?aaeeioaeaoii e, aua?aa aecian-oeaio? eee , ?aniieiaeeoueny aicea iaai e ia/eiaoue iaiyoue ?aai-
/oth /anoioo, iiea iia ia niaiaaeao (i?eaioe?oynue ii iiyaeaieth
aoaeea) n ia?aiao?aie iaeiiai ec aiia?aoia, noiyueo a aeaiiii caea-
iee e aeaenoaothueo aac ia?iey. Aua iaaeaaeiaa eniieueciaaoue ii-
/oe ia canaeaaiiai ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiiai eai-oi nioi-
aiai ?aaeeioaeaoiia.

8. I?iaeoiuaaiea iiaaaeaiey i?e ?aciuo ?aaeoeeyo iauaeoa e
aa?iyoiuo nth?i?ecao

Oioy i?aaeaeaeaoue ana i?aeoe/anee iaaiciiaeii, iieacii ?an-
niio?aoue aa?iyoiua ?aaeoeee iauaeoa ia oaioaae, i?eaioe?oynue
ii neeaaeo aai ineoeee e iaeioi?ui i?aoeaaeaioai a i?ioeii. Aeey
eaaeaeie ec ?aaeoeee /aeiaaea i?iaeoiuaaaony e niioaaonoaothuaa
ioaaoiia iiaaaeaiea.

Anaaaea aeaeaoaeueii i?aaeoniio?aoue:

– ieai oneieuecaiey n ianoa niauoee;

– i?aaaeiiiaeiaiua iauyniaiey ia neo/ae caaea?aeaiey;

– eiiee aianoi iiaeeeiieeia;

– oece/aneia i?aainoiaenoai iaae iauaeoii.
I?e iaoaea/a oaioaaea aiciiaeiu:

– iieiay aeene?aaeeoaoeey iauaeoa (nicaeaiea i?aoeaaeaioa);

– /anoe/iay aeene?aaeeoaoeey iauaeoa, /oiau oio oi?ioi i?i-
/oanoaiaae na?ueaciinoue nianoaaiiiai iieiaeaiey);

– caeiina?ae?iaaiea neooaoeee (n eaiaeii nayce aeey iauaeoa
ia oio neo/ae, anee ii aae?oa ia?aaeoiaao).

‘;-e. E?iia oaioaaea yooaeoeaiaeoei iaoiaeii e?eieiaeueii-
[322 JJ ai ineoiaicaeaenoaey ia /aeiaaea yaeyaony caioaeaaiea.

Caioaeaaiea – yoi ae?aiaoece?iaaiiay oa?ica oece/aneiai
eee ineoieiae/aneiai ianeeey iaae /aeiaaeii e aai aeeceeie n
oeaeueth iiae/eiaiey iauaeoa /oaeie aiea. A ioee/ea io ?aoeie?i-
aaiiiai oaioaaea, eiii?iiaoe?othuay eioi?iaoeey i?e yoii ia
caaeaenoaoaony.

Caioaeaaiea /aua anaai eniieuecotho aeey:

– iieo/aiey eioi?iaoeee;

– aa?aiaee;

– ianeeuenoaaiiiai i?eioaeaeaiey e eaeiio-eeai aeaenoaeth;

– i?eno?oieaaiey iauaeoa.
Noaiaea?oiui iioeaaoi?ii ethaeneiai iiaaaeaiey i?e aeoeeyo ca-
ioaeaaiey yaeyaony ?aaeueiia iianaiea ca: ^^^

– oece/aneoth aaciianiinoue (naay e naieo aeeceeo);

– nio?aiiinoue naiae nianoaaiiinoe; |

– ii?iaeueiia ooieoeeiie?iaaiea naiaai aeaea (aeciana,
oiaae). / ,
Eniieuecoy /oaeia /oanoai no?aoa, iieacii ciaoue, /oi:

– ecaanoiu ianeieueei a?aaeaoeee no?aoa: enioa (ia?aay ?aae-
oeey ia oa?ico), o?aaiaa (/oanoai iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe i?e iaeeaeaiee
iaaeaaii?eyoiiai ?acaeoey niauoee), aiyciue (?aaae?iaaiea ia ?a-
aeueii aeaeeioth iianiinoue), iaieea (iaeiio?iee?oaiue aeeaioiue
no?ao);

– o eaaeaeiai noauaeoa nouanoaoao i?aaeae ineoe/aneie auiin-
eeainoe, ii i?aauoaiee eioi?iai ii ia niiniaai ia aeaeueiaeoaa
nii?ioeaeaiea yiioeee no?aoa, aiaaeay a oaioe/aneia iiaaaeaiea eee
eaeia-oi ioeaiaiaiea:

– oie, aicieeathuee io no?aoa, iau/ii aeeeony io 15 aei 30
ieioo;

– oeceieiae/aneeie i?iyaeaieyie no?aoa yaeythony: one-
eaiiia na?aeoeaaeaiea, ae?iaeue, neaainoue, iuoa/iay caoi?iiaeai-
iinoue, ia?anuoaiea ?oa e ai?ea, iioeeainoue, oioiioa, aieiaie?o-
aeaiea, iaoaaoea aicaeooa, o?/aiea a aeeaioa, /anoua iicuau e ii-
/aenioneaieth, iai?iecaieueiia iii?iaeiaiea aeaeoaeea e ii/aaiai
iocu?y;

– aicaeaenoaoy ia ineoeeo, no?ao aucuaaao ia?ooaiey ain-
i?eyoey, ?anno?aeaaao iaiyoue e iuoeaiea e ia aeaao aiciiaeiin-
oe nin?aaeioi/eoueny ia auiieiyaiie ?aaioa;

– naiue neeueiue no?ao iau/ii aicieeaao i?e yaiie oa?ica
nianoaaiiie aeecie e aeeciyi iaeaieaa aeeceeo /aeiaaeo eeoe;

– eiaaea noauaeo n/eoaao, /oi anoue eaeie-oi auoiae ec nicaeaa-
oaainy iieiaeaiey, ii ii ia iiaeao ei ainiieueciaaoueny, – oiaaea
aicieeaao iaieea;

– no?ao ia?aae iaecaanoiui anaaaea aieaa io/eoaeai, /ai no?ao
ia?aae aeaeeiie e iiiyoiie iianiinoueth; eiaaea ethaee ia ciatho, /oi
eo iaeeaeaao, iau/ii iaeeaeatho ooaeoaai;

– ?anaeeaaieth no?aoa niinianoaoao eae auioaeaeaiiia aacaeae-
noaea, oae e oo?aoa iaaeaaeaeu e iaecaanoiinoue;

– no?ao ia?aae nia?oueth cia/eoaeueii oneeeaaaony a i?ioeanna
aa iaeeaeaiey;

– aieaa neeiiiu anaai iianaoueny ethaee n ?anoi?aioouie a i?i-
oeii a?aeaie, a oaeaea ?aii aeaieaoeany eee niaa?oea- / –

oea eaeia-eeai i?aaiia?ooaiea. 1 [323] I

Eniieuecoy caioaeaaiea, o/oeoa, /oi:

– ?aceia o?aaiaaiea, aeiionoeiia ii ioiioaieth e naiaaeie-
eo eeai oeaaiaoeeo, niiniaii aucaaoue ac?ua iaaiaeiaaiey o oiea-
?eea e oaiaoaiiinoue o iaeaioieeea;

– onoaaoea oece/anee eee ii?aeueii ethaee cia/eoaeueii ii-
ei?iaa e iiaeaoeeaaa, /ai ioaeioioaoea e naiioaa?aiiua;

– noauaeou n neeueiui oeiii ia?aiie nenoaiu i?e ia?aooii-
eaiee aaaeoo naay eae ethaee ni neaaui ineoioeiii;

– aiacaiiue naeaea a onoaiiaeaoeony acaeiiioiioaieyo o
eeoe ni neaaui oeiii ia?aiie nenoaiu iau/ii aucuaaao ineoe-
/aneoth o?aaio, a i?iua aiai?y, ?anoa?yiiinoue, no?ao e io/ayiea;

i?e neeueiii ineoioeia iiaeiaiua ?aaeoeee iau/ii iaiaa i?iya-
eaiu;

– oeuaaia, a oaeaea aa?iiaeoeu n oaiiuie aeacaie e aieinaie
caiaoii iaiaa iiaeaa?aeaiu no?aoo, /ai iaeua ia?iaeu naaa?a (/oe-
/e) eee aieoaiaeacua aeiiaeeiu;

– /oanoai aanneeey e no?aoa ianeiaeii aucaaoue oeie/aneei
iooai, iiaeiaoeaay, iai?eia?, a oaaae nooaiue aaneeae eeai aai-
aey ethaui niiniaii a i?aaieci (aianoa n ieoueai, oeieii eee /a-
?ac eiioaeou n eiaeae) nianue ethieiaea n eioioi?ie eee aeae?i-
oei?eae eioeiaeia.

Eeanne/aneea noaiu caioaeaaiey oaeiau:

Aa?eaio 1

– i?iniao?eaaaony aeinuea iauaeoa n ioeaieie aai aa?iyoiie ?a-
aeoeee ia yaioth oa?ico;

– anee ii o?oniaao, ieaie?oaony e auiieiyaony ?yae aeoeee,
iai?aaeaiiuo ia nie?ooaiea aai aiee (ineoieiae/aneia e oece-
/aneia oa??i?ece?iaaiea), i?e/ai aac i?aaeuyaeaiey /aeiaaeo ea-
eeo-eeai oneiaee e iauyniaiee;

– i?e iniiaiii eiioaeoa oece/aneiai ecaeaiey iao, ii /ao-
ei aiai?yo, /oi iii aoaeao, anee iauaeo ia iiae/eieony i?aaeuyaeai-
iui aio o?aaiaaieyi.

Aa?eaio 2

– i?iniao?eaay aeinuea iauaeoa, ii?aaeaeytho oi, /ai ii i?a-
aeaeueii aei?iaeeo (e i?eia?o, yoi aaoiiiaeeue);

– auneacuaaaony aaaeeeaia aeaeiaia i?aaeeiaeaiea;

– a neo/aa ioeaca, inouanoaeyaony i?aaeoi?aaeaeathuay aeoeey
(eaieno?a n ai?th/ei ia e?uoa aa?aaea);

– i?e iiaoi?iii ioeaca i?iaiaeeony oi?ne?iaaiiia i?aaeoi-
?aaeaeaiea (aua iaeia eaieno?a n ai?th/ei, iethn ei?iaie ni nie/-
eaie);

– anee iiyoue ioeac – oa?ica ooo aea ?aaeecoaony (aa?aae n ia-
oeiie naeeaatho) e aeaeaaony oaea ia i?aaeeiaeaiea, a o?aaiaaiea.
Aa?eaioC

– i?iniao?eaay aeinuea iauaeoa, iouneeaatho oai iniaaiii
aeeceeo aio ethaeae;

– i?ioea ioia?aiiuo ia?nii inouanoaeytho oa??i?ece?othuea
aeoeee nooiai/aoi oneeeaaaiie aa?anneaiinoe;

– iauaeoa noaeeeaatho n aeueoa?iaoeaie: aeeciue e caei?iauea eth-
aeiiai eeoea eee…;

. -,s – anee eiaao yaiia aeeyiea ia iauae-
[324JJ oa, iiaeiaioth aeueoa?iaoeao iiaeii i?aaenoaaeoue e aio;

– i?iaeoiuaathony ia?u, iaoathuea /aeiaaeo ainiieueci-
aaoueny iiiiuueth ioeoeeaeueiuo eee e?eieiaeueiuo no?oeoo? ee-
ai eoaea-oi ni?yoaoue cia/eiia eeoei (aiciiaeii, ai?i/ai, ?ann/e-
oaoue oae, /oi ca niaeaenoaeai eee niaaoii iauaeo nai ia?aoeony
e aai);

– no?aooynue io aeaeueiaeoeo iai?eyoiinoae, o aea?oau iieo-
/atho eiii?iiao ia naiiai naay eee ae?oaeo.
Aa?eaio 4

– i?iniao?eaay aeinuea iauaeoa, ii?aaeaeytho eeoe (aeaoe, aeaia,
ethaiaieoea) eee eiouanoai (aeeaioiia, eieeaeoeey), eioi?ua aio
iniai aei?iae, e ouaoaeueii i?eeeaeuaatho, eiaao ee eaeie-oi niune
aeoeaiinoue i?ioea ieo;

– inouanoaeyaony (eeai eieoe?oaony) iiiuoea iioeuaiee
eca?aiiie ia?niiu (eee aaue);

– iauaeoo niiauatho i iioeuaiee, iinoaaea ia?aae iei eiie-
?aoioth aeueoa?iaoeao;

– i?iaeoiuaatho ia?u, i?aiyonoaothuea /aeiaaeo i?eaaaiooue
e iiiiue ae?oaeo; ~~^\

– aa?oony iiae eiio?ieue eiioaeou (i?ineooeaaiea oaeaoiia)
a iiaaaeaiea (neaaeea) iauaeoa; i

– iauaeoo aeinoaaeytho ienueia, a oaeaea a^aeei- e aeaeaicaiene
iioeuaiiiai, n aeooaueiaoaeueiie iieueaie iineaaeiaai i iiiiue
e iaeei iiaeoaa?aeaeaieai (oioi ni naaaeae aacaoie, e?aoeee eii-
oaeo ii oaeaoiio), /oi oio iiea aua aeea;/

– iauaeoa i/aiue eiie?aoii oaaaeaeatho (io?acaiiay ii/ea ooa)
a na?ueaciinoe naieo iaia?aiee;

– iuoathony aeiaeoueny io iauaeoa eiii?iiaoa ia naiiai naay
eee aai aeeceeo e oaeinoiaa?ythony a ?aaeueiinoe iieo/aiiiai;

– caaeaenoaotho ?aciiia?aciua ia?u i?aaeinoi?iaeiinoe io
iai?eyoiinoae ni noi?iiu iioeuaiiiai /aeiaaea eae naeaea-
oaey;

– ii iieo/aiee aeaeaaiiai, iioeuaiiue inaiaiaeaeaaony, a
iauaeoa eiio?iee?otho /a?ac i?aaenoaaeaiiue ei eiii?iiao;

– aiciiaeai ooii/aiiue aa?eaio, eiaaea naii
aeaao naay , iuoaynue ioaanoe io aeaaiiai iauaeoa ?aaeue-
ioth eee iaaeoiaiioth oa?ico).

I?e i?aaeaa?eoaeueiii oa??i?ece?iaaiee /aeiaaea /aua ana-
ai eniieuecotho oaeea aeoeee eae:

eeai oa?iaeathuea e inei?aeythuea caiiee ii oa-
eaoiio;

– ?aciauaiea niaoeeoe/iuo iauyaeaiee a aacaoa eee ?aneea-
eaaiea eo ia oeeoea n oeacaieai oai aae?ana e oaeaoiia;

– caioaeaaiea aeaeiaiai ia?oia?a;

– ecaeaiea eae naiiai iauaeoa, oae e oiai, eiai ii ethaeo;

– ?acua?uaaiea iiiuoee iioeuaiey eee iieooaiey;


iano?ae ec iaiano?aeueiiai i?oaeey ieii eaa?oe?u;

– ii?/a eee iiae?ua aeaa?ae eaa?oe?u eeai ioena;

– aoi?aeaiea n ii?/ae eiouanoaa;

– iiaeaeia eee iiae?ua caeaiey (eiooaaeaea, aea/e, aa?aaea, ioe-
na), a oaeaea ee/iiai aaoiiiaeey;

– aeiee?iaaiea oaeaoiia, aiaeiniaaaeaiey, ioiieaiey _ .
e yeaeo?e/anoaa. |[325]

A eii?iaece?iaaiiuo aa?eaioao eniieuecotho neeueii ioaath-
uea aeaenoaey, ?aaeueii oa?iaeathuea aeecie aeaiiiai /aeiaaea e
aai aeeceeo, i?e/ai ia?eiae ia iaaeoiuaaiea caeanue ?acei ia?aie-
/eaatho.

Eiie?aoeea caaeaenoaiaaiiiai o?thea ii?aaeaeyaony aiciiae-
iinoyie e ecia?aoaoaeueiinoueth eniieieoaey, e i?eia?o:

– caniauaaiea noaiea i?oaeey a ooi;

– iiae iiia?ae ai?oaie n aiciiaeiui iaae?acaieai eiaee;

– neaouaaiea aaiceiii e aeaiiino?aoeey caaeeaaeee.

Eae e?aeithth ia?o ineoiaicaeaenoaey niaoeneoaeau iiiaeo
no?ai i?eiaiytho iuoeo (a ?aciuo oi?iao).

Iuoea – yoi oeaeaiai?aaeaiiia aa?anneaiia aicaeaenoaea ia
eiaeeaeaea, iai?aaeaiiia ia i?e/eiaiea aio neeueiiai oece/anei-
ai eee ineoe/aneiai no?aaeaiey.

Iuoeo /aua anaai eniieuecotho aeey:

– iieo/aiey eioi?iaoeee;

– /oanoaeoaeueiiai iaeacaiey;

– eiiaiey aiee /aeiaaea.

I?eaiu iuoi/iiai aicaeaenoaey, eae i?aaeei, niia?acothony
n aai iioaioeeaeueiie oeaeueth, oaeoi?ii a?aiaie, iaee/iuie aic-
iiaeiinoyie, i?aaeaeii aeiionoeiinoe e, ?acoiaaony, enoiaeiui ni-
noiyieai iauaeoa, n o/aoii oiai, /oi iiauoaiiia auaeaeaiea aae-
?aiaeeia (oeie/iia i?e i?iyaeaieyo aiee) aeoeaii ?ac?ooaao
na?aeoea.

Anee a caiana iiiai a?aiaie, aoiaiiaa e yooaeoeaiaa caaeae-
noaiaaoue iaei-iiiaeo iaaiaoaaiia aeaaeaiea ia ineoeeo a nii?i-
aiaeaeaiee oaeaniie aiee, eiaaea aea a?aiaie ii/oe /oi iao – i?i-
ua ainiieueciaaoueny i?eieoeaiui oece/aneei ianeeeai.

Ia ioiioaiee /aeiaaea e aiee iieacii ciaoue, /oi:

– oeuaaia, iaa?u, eeoaeoeu e ceinoiua i?ioanneiiaeueiua i?a-
nooiieee iiieaeaiii aini?eieiatho aieue, a iiiaea ia?iaeu Naaa-
?a (/oe/e, yeoou, yaaiee) e aieoaiaeacua naaoeiaieinua aa?iiae-
oeu ia?aiinyo aa i/aiue ieioi;

– noauaeou, neeiiiua e iauaieth, onoie/eaaa e aiee, /ai oa,
eoi ethaeo iaeeii/anoai;

– eano?aou e ia?eiiaiu, ia iaoiaeyueany iiae aeeyieai ia?-
eioeea, io/eoaeueii ia?aaeeaatho aieue;

– neeueiua yiioeee (aiaa, ai?a, iieiaia aicaoaeaeaiea, iaia-
aenoue) iau/ii i?eaeooatho aieue;

– i?e iaeeaeaiee aieaaiai iuouaiey /oanoaeoaeueiinoue ia
aieue caiaoii iiauoaaony, iniaaiii anee noauaeo aanueia aa ia eth-
aeo eeai o?oneea e iaeiaeooai;

– cia/eoaeueiay aieue eaaei e iaaeieai caiiieiaaony;

– ino?aa anaai aieue eniuouaaaony ii/ueth (i?e iaeneioia a 1
/an ii/e), neaaaa – aeiai, aua neaaaa – aa/a?ii;

– a iniaaiiinoe /oanoaeoaeueiu e aicaeaenoaeth: aeaciua ya-
eiee, einoe eeth/eoe, iao, ai?ei e aenee;

– i oii, /oi /aeiaae ia?aaeeaaao io/eoaeueioth aieue, iau/ii
aiai?yo noeniooua coau eeai i?iiceoaeueiua e?eee e noiiu, au-
iy/aiiua aeaca, ?anoe?aiiua iicae?e, iaeeueiue iio, neeueiua ?an-
‘.–.s no?ienoaa e?iaiia?auaiey e aeuoaiey (i?e cao?oaeiaieyo
[326JJ n iineaaeiei aaa?iaaao eeoei); eiaaea aieue aeeeony neeoeii

aeieai, aiciiaeiu oaeaea aeaaeiinoue eiaee, oiaaeie nee, ae?iaeue e, a
eiia/iii n/aoa, iaii?ie;

– ciaeii ?aaeueiinoe eniuouaaaiiai no?aaeaiey iaaei n/eoaoue
ia e?eee, a cia/eoaeueiia ?anoe?aiea c?a/eia (i?e yaiie neio-
eyoeee iie caiaoii ia iaiythony).

Ethaia iuoi/iia aicaeaenoaea aeieaeii auoue oi/ii aeice?oaiui,
eai eiaaea iauaeo eeoaaony niciaiey, iii noaiiaeony aanniuneai-
iui. Aeey i?aiaeieaiey yoie iai?eyoiinoe aea?oao ieaouaatho oi-
eiaeiie aiaeie e aaiaeyo ae oa?iaeinoeioeyoi?u.

I?e nie?ooaiee aiee /aeiaaea oi?ioi aeaenoaotho iiaie, a
oaeaea oieceoaeueiua inei?aeaiey neiaii e aeaeii (iaeaiea aiei-
aie a ninoae n aea?ueiii, i?iiacuaaiea iieiaui /eaiii ii aoaai,
oae iacuaaaiia eee ecianeeiaaiea, aiacaiii canoaa-
eythuea iauaeo ino?i i?i/oanoaiaaoue naith aaniiiiuiinoue, ie/-
oiaeanoai e oieaeaiea. I?aaeaeueii yooaeoeaai aa?eaio i?eioaeaea-
iey /aeiaaea niaa?oeoue eaeoth-eeai iiaeeinoue ii ioiioaieth e
naiei aeeceei.

Yooaeoeaiui i?eaiii iiaeaaeaiey aiee n/eoaaony oaeaea ni-
caeaiea oaeeo neooaoeee, i?e eieo aea?oaa i?e/eiyao naaa aieue
naia. Yoi eiaao ianoi, a /anoiinoe, i?e neeoeii aeieaii i?aau-
aaiee a iaaycaiiuo noaoe/aneeo iicao (noiyiea ia iineao e ia-
aiciiaeiinoue iionoeoueny ia iiaeioau ec-ca ino?uo oeiia iiae
ieie) eee eiaaea naie aea nianoaaiiua aeaeaeaiey aucuaatho ?ac-
eoth io/eoaeueioth aieue (aaa aieuie^noiiaie ii iaeiienoui eai-
iyi eee eieth/eai). Eiiaaea ia aieiao iauaeoa iaaeaaatho iaoae-
ee/aneia aaae?i, io?aaeathuaa aicieeathuea a iai caoee, e aeaenoao-
tho ia /aeiaaea yeaeo?ioieii, i?e yoii1e?eee aea?oau noie?aoii
ioaeathony a aa iicao e oai ino?aa, /ai neeueiaa iia e?e/eo.

Oi?ioi eiiaao aieth ioeeth/aiea io anao naini?iuo ?acae?a-
aeeoaeae (iinaaeea ia aeaiue-ae?oaie a oaiioth e aaniethoii caoei-
eciee?iaaiioth eiiiaoo) eeai cia/^eaeueiue ecauoie naaoa (en-
iieueciaaiea aiena n iaei/ii-aaeuie iaeiiia?aciuie noaiaie e
y?ei naaoyueie i?iaeaeoi?aie), a oaeaea iieiia eeoaiea iauae-
oa nia.

Iaeacaiea /aua anaai inouanoaeyaony /a?ac aaiaeueiia ecae-
aiea, eioi?ia iiiai ?ac i?iecaiaeeony eii?iaece?iaaiiuie n?aae-
noaaie, ia inoaaeythueie yaiuo aiaoieo neaaeia (eonie ?aceii-
aiai oeaiaa, iinie, caiieiaiiue ianeii), eeai niaoeeaeueiuie
i?eniiniaeaieyie, ?iaeaeathueie iio?ynathuoth aieue (naeaeaiiua
ec aea?aaa eiiaoee ni iiiaeie ioaa?noeyie a ieo, ieaoe n oceaie….).

Ia aieaaua ia?aiua ?aoeaioi?u noauaeoa aicaeaenoaotho ea-
eeie-eeai ?acae?aaeeoaeyie eeai a anoanoaaiiie (oe?nou e?aie-
aie ii iieiaui i?aaiai…), eeai a iaaeeoeeineie (ai?uneeaaiea
iiae iiaoe eee a iioiieo yoe?a…) iaia?ao. Yooaeoeaii aeaenoao-
tho e aeaaeiua eiaeaiua a?aneaou, naeeiathuea i?e aunuoaiee
iaeueoeu.

I/aiue io/eoaeueii aeiee?iaaiea aeuoaiey, aac aeiaaaeaiey aei
ioeeth/aiey niciaiey (ia neeoeii aeeeoaeueiua, naeoiae ii 30, ii-
a?oaeaiey eeoea iiae aiaeo; ?aceia ioeeaeuaaiea aieiau e caeeaaiea
a iicae?e aiaeu; caniauaaiea iauaeoa a ieanoeeiaue iaoie, -,

iai?iieoeaaiue aeey aicaeooa…). | [327]

Oi?ioi ca?aeiiaiaeiaaei naay eniieueciaaiea yeaeo?ioiea
no?iai aeice?oaiie aaee/eiu, /oiau eceeoia iiuiue ?ac?yae ia
iaania/ee ioeeth/aiea niciaiey eee iaioaeioth nia?oue. Ooieoee-
iie?othuea yeaeo?iaeu iau/ii e?aiyo ieanou?ai e naiui ?acee/-
iui /anoyi oaea, auai? eioi?uo eiie ?ac e ii?aaeaeyao yooaeo,

?aaeecoaiue a eoiaa.

Oae, caiueaiea oeaie iin?aaenoaii iaeueoeaa ?aciuo ?oe yaii
iianiaa iiaeiaiiai aea caiueaiey, ii iaeueoeaie iaeiie ?oee, eai a
iineaaeiai neo/aa oie ia i?ioiaeeo /a?ac aioo?aiiea i?aaiu. Iin-
ea eniieueciaaiey yeaeo?ioiea anaaaea io/eoaeueii aieyo ana iuo-
oeu e nonoaau.

Aaaeioth ?ieue a niaoeneoaeaao eiaao oiaiea auiuouaaoue ei-
oi?iaoeeth.

Oaoieea iieo/aiey eioi?iaoeee iin?aaenoaii iuoee inoua-
noaeyaony ?acee/iuie iooyie oaeeie, neaaeai, eae:

– ioeaaeeaaiea eioi?iaoeee a i?ioeanna iuoee;

– iiaeaioiaeoaeueiia iuoi/iia aicaeaenoaea ia /aeiaaea aeey ni-
e?ooaiey aai aiee aac caaeaaaiey aii?inia, a iinea oaea oaca aeic-
iaaaiey, aac i?eiaiaiey iuoee;

– aeii?in aac iuoi/iiai ianeeey, eioi?ia oio/an aea i?eia-
iyaony anee iauaeo ia iiaeaeaao aiai?eoue eee iaiaiuaaao.

Ioeaaeeaaiea eioi?iaoeee a i?ioeanna iuoee /aua anaai en-
iieuecoaony i?e iaaeinoaoea a?aiaie eeai o?oneeainoe iauaeoa.
Eiie ?ac caeanue aiciiaeii ia?aie/eoueny iaeiie oa?icie (iiaeiana-
iea caaeaeaiiie neaa?aou e oaeo), ?ane?ooeie aiia?aaeaiey iauae-
oa (iaee/ea iuoi/iuo i?eniiniaeaiee e iaaiaeyuea ae?iaeue cao-
ee) eeai i?inoaeoei aicaeaenoaeai (ia?a /oanoaeoaeueiuo oaea?ia
iiae aeuo, a iao eee a ia/aiue).

I/aiue yooaeoeaii aioo?eaaiiia aaaaeaiea aeicaie aei 40 ia
iei?aeaenaioa aeeoeeeia (ii i?eiaiyaony i?e iia?aoeeyo n ia?-
eicii, a oaeaea i?e ioeiaa any/aneeo aeeaioiuo, aeeth/ay, enoa-
oe, niaae), eioi?ue ?anneaaeyao iuooeu oaea e a?aiaiii ia?a-
eecoao eo.

I?ieaeao ia aieaa ieioou, eae na?aeoea noaiao aeoueny ?aaea,
iuooeu eiia/iinoae ioaaoeo ia?aee/, iaeo?aeecothuee caoai anth
iaaeaeo?aaa?ioth ioneoeaoo?o e aeeao?aaio. Iauaeo i?e yoii i?a-
auaaao iieiinoueth a niciaiee, ii yanoaaiii eniuouaaao iuoua-
iea iaaeaeaathuaeny aeaaee, n aeoeaiui i?iyaeaieai iaia?aaea-
aaaiiai oaeana e no?aoa, /oi i?iaeieaeaaony io 2 aei 5 ieioo. A oio
iiiaio, eiaaea iiyaeony oaeoouea, io /aeiaaea o?aaotho iaiaoiaee-
iuo naaaeaiee iiae neeueiiaeaenoaothuae ia iaai oa?icie iiaoi?ii-
ai oeiea.

A aua iaeiie iaoiaeeea aeii?ina noauaeoa aaaeeeai onaaeeaatho
ia oaao?ao a oeene?iaaiiie iica ia 2-3 aeiy, a iaoiaeyueany ?y-
aeii ethaee oii?ii ia aeatho aio caniooue. A eoiaa anaai yoiai iauaeo
oaea ia a ninoiyiee ioee/eoue ?aaeueiinoue io nia e iaoeiaeueii io-
aa/aao ia naiua eiaa?iua aii?inu.

Ia iaaei caauaaoue, /oi naaaeaiey, i?eia?aoaaiua iiae iuoeie,
eiie ?ac iiaoo auoue auiuoeaiiuie; e caeanue i?eoiaeeony caiao-
ii iieaaaoueny ia eiooeoeeth e iiuoiinoue aeii?aoeaathuaai.
_ . s a iaoiaeeeao i?aiaeieaiey iuoee caaeaenoaotho oaeea nii-
[328]j niau, eae:

– nin?aaeioi/aiiinoue aieiaiey ia y?eii iuouaiee aiee n ae-
oeaiui no?aieaieai oaaee/eoue aa aei iaeneioia, i?e eiai iia
aieueoa ia aini?eieiaaony ();

– nin?aaeioi/aiiinoue ia ia?aeeaeueiii ?acae?aaeeoaea (naeaaee-
aaiea i?iiaae coaia /aai-eeai);

– aicaoaeaeaiea iiao/ae yiioeee (y?inoe, iaiaaenoe), niinia-
iie caaeiee?iaaoue eiioeuen aiee;

– iaania/aiea ioeeth/aiey niciaiey iaioaeueiuie (iin?aae-
noaii eiioeaio?aoeee) eee a?oai-oece/aneeie niiniaaie;

– ineoe/aneay o?ainoi?iaoeey naay a iauaeo, eioi?ue ia nii-
niaai e ia?aaeeaaieth aiee (?. ?iiei, 1998).

Eoae, eae iai niiauee ?. ?iiei, niaoeneoaeau ?aciuo no?ai
i?eiaiytho ii/oe aanue niaeo? ineoioaoiee e?eieiaeueiiai (i?i-
oeaicaeiiiiai) ineoiaicaeaenoaey ia /aeiaaea, aeeth/ay oaeea
no?aoiua aaue, eae iuoee. Oai ia iaiaa ?. ?iiei ia noae ii/a-
io-oi oiiieiaoue aua ia iaeiii no?aoiii iaoiaea ineoiaicaeae-
noaey, eioi?ue i?eiaiytho iaeioi?ua niaoeneoaeau, iiiauay /a-
eiaaea a ineoeao?e/aneea . Iuoee a yoeo
oth?ueiao, noieue no?aoiu, /oi y ?aoee eo ia iienuaaoue…

CAUEOA IO IAIAIA
E I?ANOOIEAIEE

ae y oaea aiai?ee, iniiaiie i?e/eiie i?anooiiinoe ya-
eythony neaaeothuea ianoiyoaeuenoaa.
1. Eiaaea ethaee n/eoatho, /oi o ?oeiaiaenoaa no?aiie, ai-
J ?iaeii, eo i?aaei?eyoeai e o. ae. noiyo i?anooiieee, ei-
^—‘ oi?ua ca iaiaeua aeaiueae ?ani?iaeatho ana nayoia,^ anth
no?aio, ethaeae e aeaoae, caeii e ii?aeue. N/eoay ?oeiaiaeeoaeae aia
caeiia, iiiaea ethaee oiaea ia?anoatho niaethaeaoue caeiiu, ii-
?aaaeuaay naie aeaenoaey oai, /oi eiaaea ana eciaieony, e iie oiaea
eciaiyony niioaaonoaaiii.

Eoae, a iauanoaa nioeeaeueiie eaoano?iou e iani?aaaaeeeain-
oe ethaee aeeaoo iaeiei aeiai, ia aeoiatho i iineaaenoaeyo, e yoa ni-
oeeaeueiay aoiinoa?a ieeae ia niinianoaoao i?aanoaaiiiio iiaa-
aeaieth e caeiiiiineooaieth. Iiyoiio iiiaea o/aiua ooaa?aeaea-
tho, /oi a aieueiii iauanoaa aieueiu e naie ethaee, nioeeaeueii e
i?aanoaaiii. Iiyoiio aac icaei?iaeaiey nioeeaeueiie aoiinoa?u n
iaiaiii e i?anooieaieyie ai?ioueny iaaiciiaeii. Oae eae yoi ao-
aeao eeoue ai?ueaa aeanoue eioueo i?anooiieeia n nianoaaiiui ia-
?iaeii ca oaea?aeaiea aeanoe e iaa?a aeaiiiai, a neeiaua ieienoa?-
noaa e a?iey noaiiayony i?anooiieeaie, oae eae neoaeao i?anooi-
ieeai e eiino?aiiui ainoaea?noaai, oaeaay nianoaaiiue ia?iae
, ia?eiaaiioeeaeii, neiaa e n?aaenoa ian-
niaie aeaceioi?iaoeee, aac?aaioeoeae e eeoaieai n?aaenoa e noua-
noaiaaieth e o. ae.

Eoae, aeaaiay i?e/eia – nioeeaeueiay!

Ainoaea?noaaiiue e e?eieiaeueiue ?yeao, eiaaea ethaiio aea-
eathuaio aeeoue e ?aaioaoue /anoii ia aeatho yoiai naeaeaoue /eiiaie-
ee e i?anooiieee.

Oeiainiaia aeaaeaiea. Eiaaea ana caianu ethaeae aae?oa i?iia-
ee. Ca?ieaoo ia ieaoyo. Ea/aiea e o/aaa aeaoae – ieaoiua. AEeoue

ia ia /oi…

Aii?aeueiue ia?ac aeecie. Iai?eia?, /oi iiaeii ni?ineoue n
aeaaooee-ia?eiiaiee? A /oi iiaeii ni?ineoue n ioeoea?a, ?anno?a-
eyaoaai naieo niioa/anoaaiieeia, ie?iuo e ie a /ai ia iiaei-

;–^ iuo iaoa?ae e iooeia, ca iaauaiioth io ?aaeeia aunieoth

.330}| ca?ieaoo?

AEeciue ia ii n?aaenoaai. Eiaaea ianoaiiaea oaeiaa, /oi /aeiaae
i?inoi oece/anee ia iiaeao nouanoaiaaoue, niaea?aeaoue naith naiueth
ia oa n?aaenoaa, /oi aio oaeaaony aeiauoue /anoii. E oiaaea /aeiaae ia-
/eiaao aeeoue ia ii n?aaenoaai, ca?aaioaiiui /anoii,-a ca n/ao i?e-
?aaioea, eae i?aaeei, oaea ia nianai /anoiiai, ii caoi iicaieyth-
uaai oioue eae-oi naiaeeoue eiioeu e nouanoaiaaoue.

Aieueoea aeieae. Yoi i/aiue /anoay i?e/eia iaiaia e i?anooi-
eaiee. Eiaaea /aeiaae iiiaaeaao a neooaoeeth anaiaueo iauaeoea-
iuo iaieaoaaeae, eiaaea ii ieacuaaaony aae?oa aeieaeai e?oiioth
noiio aeaiaa, eiaaea, oa?iaeay, n iaai o?aaotho aa?iooue aeiea e ii ia
iiaeao yoiai naeaeaoue, ia iaiaioa, e o. ae.

Iaiaeeaeaiiua oeiainiaua iioa?e, eiaaea caueou caeiia a
no?aia iao e aueoe ec nicaeaaoaeny neooaoeee aac iaiaia iaaic-
iiaeii.

Iaiaeeaeaiiay n?i/iay iio?aaiinoue a aeaiueaao. Yoi /anoay i?e-
/eia iaiaia e i?anooieaiee. Eiaaea a ainoaea?noaa ionoonoaotho ca-
eiiiua iaoiaeu iieo/aiey e?aaeeoa eee oeiainiaie iiiiue.

Aeiea /anoe. Yoi neooaoeey, eiaaea /aeiaae /oanoaoao naay iay-
caiiui aa?iooue eaeea-oi aeaiueae, a naeaeaoue yoiai ia iiaeao.

*aeiaa/aneea ii?iee. N?aaee anao /aeiaa/aneeo ii?ieia, aa-
aeoueo e iaiaio e i?anooieaieyi, ?acei auaeaeythony: i?inoeoo-
oeey, ia?eiiaiey, aeaaeiinoue,-aeeiaieeci, iaaaeaeaaoiay naiiioeai-
ea, caiyoey aecianii eee iieeoeeie, no?anoue e aca?oiui ea?ai
ia aeaiueae e ae?. \

Eoae, iu aeaeei, /oi a iniiaiii iaiaiu e i?anooieaiey a eth-
aii iauanoaa ii?iaeaeathony iaaaoeaiie nioeeaeueiie ianoaiiaeie,
oeiainiauie i?iaeaiaie e /aeiaa/aneeie ii?ieaie.

O/aiua-e?eieiieiae onoaiiaeee, /oi, iai?eia?, a NOA 87%
ianaeaiey – ethaee ia/anoiua, e yoi, aeaeeii, naycaii n enoi?eae
yoie no?aiu. *oi iiaeii aeaeaoue io iioiieia i?anooiieeia, aaai-
oth?enoia e anyeiai eiiai aioenioeeaeueiiai aa?iiaeneiai na?iaea,
eioi?ue a i?ioeua aaea canaeee yoo no?aio?

Onoaiiaeaii, /oi aaciaeacaiiinoue iioaiie/anoaa ii?iaeaeaao
iiaue iaiai e iiaua i?anooieaiey. E iaiai?io, oai, aaea iaiai
iaeacai, oai ii ?aaeei aiiaue iiaoi?yaony. TH?eaee/aneay i?aeoe-
ea iieacaea, /oi anee i?ioea iioaiieea aicaoaeaeaii oaieiaiia
aeaei e ii iiian iaeacaiea, oi iiaoi?iiai i?anooieaiey yoio /aei-
aae ia niaa?oaao.

O/aiua onoaiiaeee, /oi aeaiu e ioaeuey i/aiue /anoi noaeyo i
naaa ii naiei iaia?aieyi, a i naieo noi?oaao – ii eo iinooieai
e aeaenoaeyi. *aua anaai iaoe iaia?aiey ai?acaei eo/oa, /ai
iaoe aeaenoaey e iinooiee. Enoiaey ec yoie ineoieiae/aneie ca-
eiiiia?iinoe, iiiaea ethaee e niaa?oatho iaiai, eiay eiiaaea na-
iua aeaaea, eae iie n/eoatho, iaia?aiey.

Eoae, iaoa no?aia naaiaeiy – yoi ia?iiiay aaiaea, a eioi?oth
iiiaee /anoiua ethaee. Yoi i?eaaei e i?ioanneiiaeecaoeee iaoee,
e nicaeaieth neeiauo no?oeoo? aiaeiae/iuo eaaaeueiui, ii nii-
niaiuo i?aiaeieaaaoue caneii iineaaeieo, aeey /aai iie iuoathony
?ae?ooe?iaaoue i?ioanneiiaeia. Aio ii/aio a aa ?yaeao, e?iia , e aaiaeeoia-aiaaeeia, iiyaeythony aua-
oea nii?oniaiu, aieiu-aoaaioeu, i?ioanneiiaeu, aeaa- ^–,
iui ia?acii ec EAA. 1 [331.

Iaeaaaeueiua aii?oaeaiiua oi?ie?iaaiey noaiiayony ia
oieueei aieaa e?oiiuie, ii e ana aieaa neiaeii i?aaieciaaiiu-
ie e iiiaiooieoeeiiaeueiuie. E?iia i?inouo iia?aoeee, naycai-
iuo, iai?eia?, n iaeeei ?yeaoii, iiyaeythony iiae?acaeaeaiey,
niaoeeaeece?othueany ia ee/iie io?aia ainnia, aii?oaeaiiuo ia-
iaaeaieyo, ii nai?o eioi?iaoeee i aiciiaeiuo eiieo?aioao e
eeeaioao. ?anoe?yaony noa?a eiiia?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe. Ia-
aethaeaaony iinoaiaiiue ia?aoiae io iaeeie oi?aiaee e aieaa e?oi-
iie.

A oeaeii oneiaeiaiea no?oeoo?u e ooieoeee i?anooiiuo a?oii
aucaaei ?acaeaeaiea o?oaea iaaeaeo eo /eaiaie e niaoeeaeecaoeeth.
Ca iaeaieaa e?oiiuie e aeeyoaeueiuie a?oiiaie cae?aieeenue in-
iiaiua noa?u aeayoaeueiinoe. Iai?eia?, nieioeaaneay aaiaea eai?iue aecian; eacaineay – e?aaeeou; /a/aineay – ye-
nii?o iaooe e iaooai?iaeoeoia, iaoaeeia, aaieianeea iia?aoeee,
oi?aiaeth e?aaeaiuie aaoiiiaeeyie; aca?aaeaeaeaineea a?oiiu –
ia?eiaecian, eai?iue aecian, oi?aiaeth; a?iyineea a?oiie?ia-
ee – e?aaee aaoiiiaeeae, iioaiie/anoai, acyoee; a?oceineea –
eaa?oe?iua e?aaee, ?acaie, caoaao caeiaeieeia; eiaooneea – ci-
eioiaeiau/o e oi?aiaeth ae?aaioeaiiuie iaoaeeaie, iia?aoeee n i?o-
aeeai; aeaaanoaineea – ianeeea, e?aaee.

Ii aeaiiui IAAe, aeaenoaothuea a no?aia ianeieueei ouny/ i?a-
nooiiuo a?oiie?iaie iauaaeeieeenue a 150 annioeeaoeee e oaeoe-
/anee iiaeaeeee no?aio ia noa?u aeeyiey.

Aeaiueae aeiaeaiu a aaieianeea e oeiainiai-eiaanoeoeeiiiua
no?oeoo?u. Ia ieo ioe?uou iaaaceiu, ?anoi?aiu, eaceii, i?aae-
i?eyoey aaoina?aena.

N?aaee 43 ouny/ i?anooiiuo a?oiie?iaie 600 no?iyony ii ia-
oeeiiaeueiiio i?eciaeo. I?e/ai aieaa iieiaeiu ecaanoiuo i?a-
nooiiuo a?oiie?iaie ninoiyee ec aeeoaeae Eaaeaca e Caeaaeacuey.
Iaoey anaaaea e aacaea i?aneaaeoao oeaee iaiaauaiey.

O?aaeeoeeiiiua noa?u ecaea/aiey aeioiaeia i?anooiiui io-
oai – cai?auaiiay oi?aiaey ia?eioeeaie, i?oaeeai, a oaeaea
eai?iue aecian e ?yeao. Ana yoe noa?u iaeaaaeueiiai aeciana acy-
ou ia aii?oaeaiea ?inneeneie iaoeae. Oi?aiaey ?aaeeiaeoeaiu-
ie iaoa?eaeaie yaeyaony ?inneeneiai e?eie-
iaeueiiai aeciana. I?anooiiua a?oiiu, caieiathueany e?aaeae
yaea?iuo oaoiieiaee e oaeeo iaoa?eaeia, eae iaiaauaiiue o?ai
e ieooiiee, iieo/eee iacaaiea .

E?oiiua noiiu aeaiaa, aeiauouo iacaeiiiui iooai, auioae-
aeatho iaoeth eneaoue niiniau eo eaaaeecaoeee. A ianoiyuaa a?a-
iy a e?eieiaeueiua ioiioaiey aiaea/aiu 40% i?aaei?eieiaoa-
eae e 68% anao eiiia?/aneeo no?oeoo?. Iaoeae onoaiiaeai eii-
o?ieue iaae 35 oun oicyenoaothueo noauaeoia, n?aaee eioi?uo –
400 aaieia, 47 ae?ae, 1,5 oun i?aaei?eyoee ainoaea?noaaiiiai nae-
oi?a.

A nia?aiaiiie ?innee iaoey aeinoeaea oaeiai yoaia naiaai ?ac-
aeoey, eiaaea aa iiiuoee eaaaeeciaaoueny cao?aaeaatho ia oieueei
yeiiiie/aneoth noa?o, ii e iieeoe/aneoth. Iniiaiie oeaeueth aeaa-
eaiey ia aeanoiua no?oeoo?u aeey iaoee yaeyaony iieo/aiea ?ac-
>,–.s iiia?aciuo eueaio, iicaieythueo iieo/aoue iaeaunoea i?e-
[332JJ auee, e aiciiaeiinoe ooiaea io ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca i?ioe-

aii?aaiua aeaenoaey, iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiie oi?iie oaeiai
aeaaeaiey yaeyaony iiaeeoi aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe.

Eae i?aaeei, nia/aea i?anooiiua eeaea?u onoaiaaeeaatho eii-
oaeou n ianoiuie aeanoyie, n aee?aeoi?aie i?eaaoece?iaaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoee, n i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuie e eiio?ieueiuie i?aaia-
ie. Eiaaea yoio yoai i?ieaeai, i?anooiiiai ie?a e
aeanoe i?aaea?aeauea onoaiaaeeaatho ee/iua iaoi?iaeueiua eii-
oaeou, eiaae?iaaiea yeiiiie/aneeo eioa?ania ia?a?anoaao a ii-
eeoe/aneia aeeyiea. Nicaeaaony iniaay eio?ano?oeoo?a iianaaeiaa-
iuo ioiioaiee iieeoeeia e iaoeice. Eo o?aaeeoeeiiiua ianoa
ano?a/ – ei?ou, aaie, nii?oeaiua eeoau, caai?iaeiua naiaoi?ee,
aea/e eee ?aceaeaioeee.

Ia?niaeoeau iaeaaaeueiuo no?oeoo? a ?innee ia?ac?uaii nay-
caiu n iauei iai?aaeaieai ?acaeoey neooaoeee a no?aia. Oae, oaea
nae/an ynii, /oi noa?, i?eiinyueo naa?oi?eauee, noaiiaeony ana
iaiueoa. Aic?anoaao eiieo?aioeey ai anao naeoi?ao ?uiea (a oii
/enea iaeaaaeueiiai). Oa??eoi?ee iiaeaeaiu iaaeaeo e?oiiuie i?a-
nooiiuie a?oiie?iaeaie. En/acaao ?acieoea iaaeaeo aioo?aiie-
ie e ie?iauie oeaiaie. A yoeo oneiaey^ oneeeony eiieo?aioeey
i?anooiiuo a?oiie?iaie. Neaaeiaaoaeueii^ aoaeoo oaeanoi/aoueny e
iaoiaeu eo ai?ueau, /oi, aeaeeii, au?aceony a ?inoa /enea caeac-
iuo oaeenoa, iioeuaiee ethaeae e o. ae.

Iaeaieaa iianiuie noa?aie aeayoaeueiinoe iaoee noaioo oe-
iainiaua i?anooieaiey n eniieueciaaieai eiiiuethoa?iuo n?aaenoa,
oi?aiaey i?oaeeai, neoiea iaeaaaeueiuie no?oeoo?aie aeoeee iae-
aieaa ?aioaaaeueiuo i?iecaiaenoa.

Nio?aieony oaiaeaioeey e eaaaeecaoeee no?oeoo? e eeaea?ia ia-
oee. Neeiaia aeaaeaiea ia eiiia?/aneoth no?oeoo?o ieacuaaaony
aei oao ii?, iiea iia ia niaeaoaaony ieaoeoue ?aaoey?ioth aeaiue. Aca-
iai ?yeaoe?u io?aiytho yoo no?oeoo?o io iinyaaoaeuenoa eiieo?ai-
oia. Eiiia?/aneay no?oeoo?a, o eioi?ie ia oaaoaao nianoaaiiuo
n?aaenoa aeey caueou io iaoee, auioaeaeaia niaeaneoueny. Oaeea
no?oeoo?u ieacuaathony iiae eiio?ieai iaoee.

Ii aeaiiui IAAe, e?eieiaeueiua no?oeoo?u a ainoaea?noaa na-
aiaeiy eiio?iee?otho nauoa 90% anao oicyenoaothueo noauaeoia.

A iaaeaeoia?iaeiie i?aeoeea n/eoaaony e?eoe/aneei niioiioa-
iea aeioiaeia ianaeaiey ioiineoaeueii 10% iaeaieaa aaaeiie e 10%
iaeaieaa aiaaoie aai /anoe eae 1:10. A ?innee yoio iieacaoaeue ia
naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue ninoaaeyao 1:100. Iiiyoii, /oi oaeia iieiaea-
iea aeae yaeyaony ieoaoaeueiie n?aaeie aeey iiyaeaiey ?acee/iiai
?iaea i?anooiiuo a?oii, caieiathueony auiiaaoaeuenoaii, iii?i-
noo aiai?y, ?yeaoii.

Aua aeaa-o?e aiaea oiio iacaae i?iaeaia auiiaaoaeuenoaa ia
eiaea oie aeooaeueiinoe, eioi?oth iia iieo/eea nae/an. Neeueiui
oie/eii e yoiio iineoaeeei iiyaeaiea a iaoae no?aia oae iacu-
aaaiuo iiauo oicyenoaaiiuo oi?ie?iaaiee – i?iiuoeaiiuo
annioeeaoeee, /anoiuo i?aaei?eyoee, eiiia?/aneeo aaieia e, eae
neaaenoaea yoiai, eeoe, ?aniieaaathueo cia/eoaeueiuie aeaiaaeiu-
ie n?aaenoaaie.

Oneiaey nouanoaiaaiey ioa/anoaaiiiai i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa
oaeiau, /oi iaee/ea iaaeaaeiie , o. a. iie?iae- /,–,.
oaeuenoai aeinoaoi/ii iiuiie e aeeyoaeueiie i?anooiiie IJ333.

a?oiie?iaee ca/anooth yaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiui oneiaeai aeayoaeue-
iinoe oie eee eiie oe?iu. Anee aea o oe?iu iao iaaeaaeiiai i?e-
e?uoey, oi ia iaa iiaoo . iiaoo auoue ?acee/-
iuie oi?iaie ineoieiae/aneiai aicaeaenoaey – io oa?ic aei i?y-
iiai aeaenoaey. A iineaaeiaa a?aiy iieo/eei ?ani?ino?aiaiea
aceiaiea aeaie n eiiia?/aneeo no?oeoo? ia a aeaiaaeiii au?aaea-
iee, a a aeaea aeoeee. Oaeie aea aeaiueth iaeaaathony i?eaaoece?i-
aaiiua ainoaea?noaaiiua i?aaei?eyoey.

Anee eiiia?/aneay no?oeoo?a aeinoaoi/ii neeueia, /oiau ca-
ueoeoueny io ?yeaoa, oi aa eee inoaaeytho a iieia, eeai ia/eia-
tho iaoiaeiua iaiaa?u. Ecaanoiu neo/ae, eiaaea iaoeice iuoa-
eenue aiaae?eoue naiaai /aeiaaea a iaiiei?ioth oe?io n oeaeueth ii-
eo/aiey iia?aoeaiie eioi?iaoeee i aeayoaeueiinoe eiiia?/aneie

no?oeoo?u.

Anee oe?ia, iaoiaeyuayny iiae eiio?ieai, ia ieaoeo aia?aiy
aeaiue, iia iiiaaeaao a oyaeaeoth aeieaiaoth caaeneiinoue. I?anooiiay
a?oiie?iaea o?aaoao n eaaeaeie i?in?i/aiiie caaeieaeaiiinoe 25%
a ianyoe a aaethoa.

Iniiaiie eaae?iaue ninoaa aaiae iau/ii iaae?aaony ec iaeieo
e oao aea nioeeaeueiuo a?oii. I/aiue iiiai auaoeo i?ioanneiiaeue-
iuo nii?oniaiia, a /anoiinoe, oaeeo aeaeia nii?oa, eae neeiaua

aaeeiiai?noaa.

Ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue a no?aia aeaenoaotho ouny/e i?anooiiuo
a?oiie?iaie. Ana iie iauaaeeiaiu a e?oiiua aaiaeu. Eiie ?ac eo
eieeaeoeau iaiiieiatho a ainoaea?noaa. O ieo eia-
aony ia oieueei cia/eoaeueiue a?naiae i?oaeey e i?ioanneiiaeue-
iua eaae?u, ii e oe?ieay naoue ?acaaaeee e eiio??acaaaeee, neoaeau
ia?oaeiiai e aioo?aiiaai neaaeaiey. Ii/oe ana i?anooiieee eia*
tho a ee/iii ?anii?yaeaiee aaoio?ainii?o.

Iaaeaeo niia?ie/athueie aaiaeaie i?ienoiaeyo .
Iie auaatho ie?iua e e?iaaaua, aaca?iua e ae?oaeaneea. Auaaao,
/oi aeey ?acai?ee a?aaeaeothueie noi?iiaie iacia/aaony a?aiy a
ianoi, a oaea oai, ia ianoa, a?oiie?iaeaie ono?aeaaaony ia?ano?ae-
ea, ?aciy e aieiy.

A ioiioaiee /anoiuo eeoe auiiaaoaeuenoai iaoneiaeeaaaony
iaee/eai eioi?iaoeee i e?oiiie noiia aeaiaa, eiathueony cia-
/eoaeueiuo oeaiiinoyo.

Aeiaieueii /anoi naie i?iaioee?otho ?yeaoe?ia ia au-
iiaaoaeuenoai naiei ii?iiao/eaui iiaaaeaieai. Iai?eia?, aeatho-
ny ?aciiai ?iaea iauyaeaiey i i?iaeaaea eee iieoiea eaa?oe?, aa-
oiiaoei, aea/ e ae?oaeo aei?iainoiyueo iauaeoia. ?aneeaeaathony
o o?ainii?oiuo inoaiiaie, ia noieaao, caai?ao eenoee, aaea aeatho
eioi?iaoeeth i naiai ianoiiaoiaeaeaiee.

Aieueoia eiee/anoai e?eieiaeueiuo yieciaeia naycaii n ii-
eoieie e i?iaeaaeae eaa?oe?. A naiai no?aieaiee caaeaaeaoue /o-
aeie nianoaaiiinoueth i?anooiieee ia inoaiaaeeaathony ie ia?aae
/ai. A oiae eaeoo ia oieueei oa?icu oece/aneiai ianeeey, ii ca/a-
nooth ethaeae iioeuatho, iuoatho, o?aaoy, iai?eia?, iiaeienaoue aei-
aa?aiiinoue ia aeaaeaiea oai eee eiui aeaeii eiouanoaa, ia?aae-
ee neo/ae ianeeuenoaaiiie nia?oe iioa?iaaoeo.
1.–>\ Eae i?aaeei, ia?aue yoai ia/eiaaony ni neaae-
[334 JJ ee ca eioa?anothuei noauaeoii.

Iiyoiio anee ai a?aiy iiacaeee ia iaoeia au ii/oanoaiaaee,
/oi ca aaie neaaeyo, ia niaa?oaeoa i?ioeaicaeiiiuo aeaenoaee.
Aiana ie e /aio aeaaeoue ia aac, /oiau nieaeiiao? caoeaeeaaei, aun-
eaeeaaoue ia ano?a/ioth iieino, nieioiie eeiee ?ac-
iaoee, eaii?e?iaaoue naaoioi?u e ae?oaeie niiniaaie nicaeaaaoue
aaa?eeiua neooaoeee.

Ia eneeth/aii, /oi ?aiueoa nio?oaeieeia AAE ia aaoe iaiaa-
?u n?aaae?otho i?aneaaeiaaoaee. Eae iieacuaaao i?aeoeea, iie
/anoi oniaaatho ni?iaioee?iaaoue aei?iaeii-o?ainii?oiia i?ienoa-
noaea eee, anee yoi ia oaeaaony, anei?a ii?oyo aaoiiiaeeue ia noi-
yiea.

Anee ia?aoiaeyo io i?inoie neaaeee
e aeoeaiui aeaenoaeyi: ?acei oaaee/eaatho nei?inoue, iuoathony
i?eaeaoue e iai/eia, neaiyo oa?aie, ia iuoaeoanue i?inoi io ieo

> ioi?aaoueny>, yoi nei?aa anaai ia iieo/eony. Iinoa?aeoanue aua-
?aoueny ia iaeeaeaiioth inaauaiioth o?anno – iue i?aneaaeiaaoa-
eae ia iae nouanoaaiii iioaaaeony. Anee yoi ia oaeaaony, e o?aeea?o eee aaoiaono, aeaeaoaeueii nia?aaee – i?anooi-
ieee a?yae ee ?aoaony ia?ooeoue noaoon-eai.

E ana aea eo/oa anaai aeiaanoe aiieo aen^aeeaeaeoaai iinoa AAE
e i?eaea/ue e naaa aieiaiea aaoieiniaeoi?ia.

Anee au iiiaee a ?oee i?anooiieeia, iinoa?aeoanue acaaneoue
naie aiciiaeiinoe e nii?ioeaeaieth, ia i?iaioee?oeoa i?anooiie-
eia ia i?eiaiaiea e?aeiae ia?u, anee ia eiaeoa ?aaeueiuo oai-
nia iaaca?aaeeoue eo. /

Aeaenoaoeoa enoiaey ec eiie?aoiie ianoaiiaee, ii iinoa?aeoanue
ni?aaeoueny n oieii e caiiieiaeoa, eoaea e e^e aan aacoo (oei aei-
?iaeiiai iie?uoey, iai?aaeaiea, a?aiy aeaeaeaiey), iacaiaoii
aua?inueoa ii aei?iaa aaue e i?aaeiaou, ii eioi?ui aan iiaeii ao-
aeao iouneaoue (iaeaaeaeo, aoiaaeiee e o. ae.). Ia ianoa oaeaea iuoae-
oanue (oieueei inoi?iaeii) eae-oi aeaoue i naaa ciaoue, iai?eia? aua-
?ioaiiie ec ieia caieneie.

Ia?aneeueoa naay e auiieiyeoa ana oeacaiey iioeoeoaeae, ia
iieacuaay no?aoa, aicaea?aeeaaeoanue io aeaeia, ?aceeo aeaeaeaiee
e inei?aeaiee. Caiiieiaeoa, aaea au iaoiaeeoanue, ianoaiiaeo, i?e-
iaou iioeoeoaeae, iinoiyiii neaaeeoa ca naiei oece/aneei e
ineoe/aneei ninoiyieai. I?e aaaeaiee n aaie ia?aaiai?ia au-
ea?uaaeoa a?aiy ethauie niiniaaie, niaeaoaeoanue n iniiaiuie
o?aaiaaieyie, ii nii?ueoa a iaei/ao. Ia aii?inu, niiaoo ee ?iae-
noaaiieee iaeoe ioaeioth noiio aeey aueoia, ioaa/aeoa iaii?a-
aeaeaiii-ooaa?aeeoaeueii (oeia ). Ii aiciiaeiinoe oyieoa a?a-
iy (iai?eia?, iiaeieueoa ?acaiaa?eaaeoa n ?iaeiuie ii oaeaoiio).
Noa?aeoanue ia i?iaioee?iaaoue iioeoeoaeae ia i?eiaiaiea i?oaeey
eee i?e/eiaiea aai a?aaea. Iii?iaoeoa caaycaoue iai?eioaeaeai-
iue ?acaiai?, iano?ieoue eo ia ae?oaeaethaiue oii, i?e yoii ei
aoaeao ineoieiae/anee o?oaeii oaeoue aan, a au naie niiaeaoa onii-
eieoueny.

Anee aianoa n aaie caoaa/aiu e ae?oaea ethaee, iinoa?aeoanue
aea?aeaoueny iacaiaoii, oniieaeaaeoa eo, ninoaaueoa ieai aeaenoaee
ia neo/ae aaanoaa. Eniieuecoeoa iiiaiou ia?aoeoaeueiia- ^ >.

oe iioeoeoaeae aeey iiiuoee aaanoaa, ii aaaeoa ana aianoa, lj33S’^

eia/a inoaaoeany iiaoo iino?aaeaoue. Anee au ?aoeeenue ?aci?o-
aeeoue iioeoeoaeae, aeaenoaoeoa auno?i e /aoei, eniieuecoy iiiiuue
ae?oaeo caeiaeieeia e aeiaiaey aeaei aei eiioea.

Ai a?aiy inaiaiaeaeaiey aan niaoeiiae?acaeaeaieai ni?y/ueoanue e
oniieieoanue, eiaeeoanue ia iie, i?ee?uaay ?oeaie caoueie, ii-
aeaeueoa io ieii, aeaa?ae, eanoieoe e eeooia.. Inoaaaeoanue ia ianoa
aei ieii/aiey iia?aoeee, ia auaaaaeoa iaano?a/o nianaoaeyi (aan
iiaoo i?eiyoue ca iioeoeoaey). A neo/aa aaoaai ?aiaiey iiiai ia
aeaeaaeoanue, /oiau oiaiueoeoue iioa?th e?iae, caaeieoa ?aio ?oeie,
iaeaaeaeie, ia?aoyieoa ?aiaioth eiia/iinoue iiynii eee ieaoeii.

Anee aaoe ?iaenoaaiieee iioeuaiu i?anooiieeaie, oi ioae-
ii iaiaaeeaiii iicaiieoue a ieeeoeeth (oieueei ia ni naiaai oaeaoi-
ia e ia n oeeoeu, ai ecaaaeaiea neaaeee eee i?ineooeaaiey, eo/-
oa anaai io ninaaea). Caiieoue iiaeii a o?eaeaeueiia , ioooaea
aaoiiaoe/anee iiaeeeth/ao e aeaaeo?iiio ii ?OII aaoaai ie?oaa.

Ia ioeacuaaeoanue oieaoeoue aeaiueae aeaaea oaeei ia?acii: .

Eae iiaeii aeieueoa caoyaeaaeoa ia?aaiai?u n i?anooiieeaie
(iioeae?oy oai, /oi iaiaoiaeeii nia?aoue ioaeioth noiio).

Anee o aan oaeaoii n ii?aaeaeeoaeai eee iiae ?oeie anoue aeeeoi-
oii, ai a?aiy ia?aaiai?ia caieoeoa ana, /oi iiaeaoa.

Ai a?aiy eaaeaeuo oaeaoiiiuo ia?aaiai?ia n i?anooiieeaie
o?aaoeoa, /oiau o?oaeo aeaee caeiaeieeo (oaaaeeoanue, /oi ii aeea).

Ia noieo ia?auaoueny a /anoiua nuneiua ath?i. Iia?aoeey ii
inaiaiaeaeaieth caeiaeieea o?aaoao aieueoiai eiee/anoaa iia?aoea-
ieeia e ouaoaeueiie e aeiaieueii aei?iainoiyuae iiaeaioiaee. E?i-
ia oiai, aeaenoaey /anoiuo aeaoaeoeaia a oaeeo neo/ayo ai?acaei
aieaa ia?aie/aiu caeiiiaeaoaeueii, /ai o ieeeoeeiia?ia (aeaoaeoe-
au ia eiatho i?aaa ia a?ano e i/aiue ia?aie/aiu a i?eiaiaiee i?o-
aeey).

Ie a eiai neo/aa ia noieo iaieiaoue ?aayo aeey ?ac-
ai?ee n iioeoeoaeyie.

Niaoeeaeenou niaaootho ia caieiaoueny . Eia-
tho ianoi neo/ae, eiaaea i?aaei?eieiathony eiio?ia?u n eniieueci-
aaieai ii nooe oaeeo aea ?yeaoe?ia. Iineaaenoaey a yoii neo/aa
iiaoo ieacaoueny naiuie iea/aaiuie. Ia oa?icao e auiiaaoaeue-
noaa iaiaoiaeeii iinoaaeoue a ecaanoiinoue i?aaiio?aieoaeueiua
i?aaiu, eniieuecoy aeey yoiai a oii /enea e , aaea
aai ieaaeoo eaaeeoeoee?iaaiioth iiiiuue, iicaaioyony i aaoae aa-
ciianiinoe.

Eiee/anoai caeaciuo oaeenoa a ?innee aoaeao aaeaaiaeii oaeaa-
eaaoueny. Oaeie i?iaiic naeaeae ia i?ann-eiioa?aioeee a Iineaa ia-
/aeueiee Aeaaiiai oi?aaeaiey oaieiaiiai ?icunea IAAe ?O Aea-
aeeie? Eieanieeia.

Caianoeoaeue aaia?aeueiiai i?ieo?i?a Ieaa Aaeaeoeia niiauee,
/oi ?ane?uaaaiinoue ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue caeaciuo oaeenoa –
25%.

I?anooiiue ie? no?aieoaeueii niaa?oainoaoao iaoaieci ca-
eaciuo eaciae. Ia i?inoi?ao NIA oaea neiaeeeanue ioeaaeaiiay ne-
noaia. Anee, aeiionoei, a Iineaa ioaeii oa?aoue e?oiiiai aecian-
.–.s iaia, ecaanoiiai aeaiooaoa eee iiioey?iiai aeo?iaeenoa,
[336]| a noieeoeo i?eauaatho oaeeoeu ec auaoeo niaaoneeo ?an-

ioaeee eee aeaeueieo ?inneeneeo ?aaeiiia. Naeaeaa aeaei, iie, eae
i?aaeei, a oio aea aeaiue oacaeatho . A naith
i/a?aaeue, ?inneeneea eeeea?u oaeei aea ia?acii ?aaioatho a no?a-
iao Niae?oaeanoaa. Ii iaeioi?ui naaaeaieyi, oeaio?u iiaeaioiaee
eeeea?ia e oeaio?u ii eo iaeio iaoiaeyony a ?innee, ia Oe?ae-
ia, a Aaei?onnee, Iieaeaaee, I?eaeiano?iauea, a oaeaea a N?aaeiae
Acee. Iao/aiea iaaiiuo oaeeoe i?iaiaeyo iiuoiua niaoeeaeen-
ou, oaieeaoeany ec EAA, A?O, ae?oaeo niaoeneoaea. Ianoaaieee
naie ii?ie o/anoaotho a iaeaieaa neiaeiuo e ioaaonoaaiiuo ca-
aeaieyo.

*enoi ?inneeneie niaoeeoe/aneie /a?oie iia?aoeaieee i?ecia-
tho noaio aeaieiiai caeaca, eiaaea e iniiaiiio eniieieoaeth i?anooi-
eaiey i?ee?aieyaony aaoiiiiiue aeoaea? n aiaeiae/iie caaea/ae.
A oaeii neo/aa aeieacaoue i?e/anoiinoue caeac/eea e oaeenoao ii/oe
iaaiciiaeii. Ii iiaieth /eaia iia?aoeaii-neaaenoaaiiie a?oiiu,
caieiathuaeny ?anneaaeiaaieai iaeiiai ec a?iieeo
aeae, ii/oe ana iaooiaaoea a i?anna i?anooieaiey auee niaa?oa-
iu eiaiii ii aeaieiiio aa?eaioo.

Anee noiie?iaaoue naaaeaiey, iieo/aiiua io ?aaioieeia oai-
eiaiiai ?icunea, ea?oeia oaeenoa iieo/aaony neaaeothuay.

Niiniau:

1. . Yoi iiaeao auaeyaeaoue eae iaacae ia-
onoaiiaeaiiui o?ainii?oiui n?aaenoaii. Anee eca?aiiay aea?o-
aa i?aaeii/eoaao ia?aaeaeaaoueny ia nianoaaiiie iaoeia, oi caeanue
ia auai?: eeai aaoieaoano?ioa, eeai ac?uaIia ono?ienoai n aeen-
oaioeeiiiui oi?aaeaieai. Ieeaeay io?aia ia niiaeao oaa?a/ue io
iaai naiaai oaoa. \

A aeiiaoiae ianoaiiaea iiioey?ia eieoaoeey ian/anoiiai neo-
/ay a aaiiie.

2. . Eae i?aaeei, aea?oaa ianeeueii aeeaaaony
iaiaeay ii?oeey nie?oiiai, eee aea ii auieaaao aa a oaieie eiiia-
iee n oaeeoeae. Iinea /aai aai ?acaeaaatho aei ieaaie e oiiyo.

3. . Enoi?ey o?aieo iaiaei i?eia?ia
i?aaeaeaa?aiaiiie nia?oe aunieiiinoaaeaiiuo inia. Ii anee o
ae?aaieo oaeei ia?acii ooiaeeee a ie? eiie naiiaiua ia?niiu, oi
a iaoa a?aiy yoi eanaaony aieueoae /anoueth noa?eeia e aeaiuei.
I?iua anaai iauynieoue iaaeeaiiia, ii aa?iia oaanaiea /aeiaaea
anoanoaaiiuie i?e/eiaie. Ii i?e aieiaoaeueiii eco/aiee iiae-
ii auynieoue, /oi enoi/iee oaanaiey eiaao ?aaeeiaeoeaiia i?ien-
oiaeaeaiea e aiiioe?iaai iiae a?a/iui eiaeai eee iiae ?aai/ei
e?aneii a ioena.

4. . *aeiaaea oaaoatho ia oeeoea eee a iiaeuac-
aea, caoaeeeaatho a iaoeio, auaicyo a ean, aaoatho, aea?aea i?e yoii
ca ?oee. Ia i?iuaiea aeeaaeuaatho a ea?iai eioa-
eae n i?eee/iie noiiie aeaiaa e aua caieneo, eioi?oth canoaaeee
iaienaoue nianoaaiii?o/ii.

5. . A yoii neo/aa iiaoo
i?eiaieoue aeaaea iaueiiaaiiue oaeaoii, i?iionoea /a?ac iee?i-
oii o?oaee auniei/anoioiue caoe.

Naiaeee AOAAe iano?yo niiauaieyie i niaeaeaiiuo iaiiiciai-
iuo o?oiao, eioi?uie caaaeaiu aeeaeaeoea i?eai?iaeiua ^ >
eana. Eae i?aaeei, yoi neaaeu e?oouo iaoeiciuo ?acai?ie. [1337]

Eeeea? nai auae?aao, eaeei niiniaii ii aea?oao.
Ii n i?eno?anoeai eco/aao ee/iinoue /aeiaaea, eioi?iai ioaeii
oaeoue, e aeaaea iiaeao aeaeaoue naie auaiaeu, ouaoaeueii o?iiiiao?e-
?oaony iauaeoa, aaea e n eai aeeaao, /ai ca-
ieiaaony, n eai ano?a/aaony e o. ae. Aeiaieueii /anoi iaaiiue oaee-
oea iiaenoa?aaaao naith aea?oao ia iooe neaaeiaaiey aeiiie, ia?aaeei
iiaeaeeaeaao a ia?aaeiie. Iinea i?iecaaaeaiiuo auno?aeia iaiaaeeai-
ii en/acaao, e iiiciaoue aai, a oai aieaa iaeoe, o?oaeii.

Iaaiiui oaeeoeae iiaeao auoue eoi oaiaeii: io auaoaai niaoe-
iaciaoea aei ia?eiiaia. N?aaeiyy oeaia ca ?aaioo 5-10 ouny/ aeieea-
?ia. Ii ca e?ooiai aecianiaia eee iieeoeea aicueioo Cia/eoaeue-
ii aieueoa. Aiiaea iiaoo oaeoue caaaau ?aaee.

Ia oaeenoai niiniaiu i?aaenoaaeoaee ?aciuo e?eieiaeueiuo
i?ioannee. Oaeoue iiaoo ca iaaica?auaiea ea?oi/iiai aeieaa, ca
ai?noue iaeiaie nieiiee, ca aooueeo aiaeee, iaeiiaoe. Ianoiyueo
eeeea?ia – aaeeieoeu. Iie aei?iai noiyo e ia ii iaei-
/ai. Ii oae anee aa?oony ca ?aaioo – ia?a/ai.

Ec eiai, niaeanii ieeeoeaeneie noaoenoeea iieo/athony oaee-
oeu? ?aoeeaeeaenou, niaoeiaciaoeu, , i/aiue ?aaeei – aua-
oea ieeeoeeiia?u. Ia?aeaaeeoeoee?othony ia oaeenoaa ii caeaco
iaeioi?ua aiaaeee, iieo/eaoea auo/eo a ciiao iaaeiaoeeiiaeue-
iuo eiioeeeoia.

Niaeanii ioeoeeaeueiie noaoenoeea, nia?oiinoue n?aaee ia?ei-
iaiia a n?aaeiai a 20 ?ac auoa, /ai n?aaee ethaeae, ia oiio?aaeyth-
ueo oaeea n?aaenoaa.

Ia?eioe/aneea n?aaenoaa, eioi?ua oiio?aaeythony a no?aia,
iinoiyiii iaiythony. A 70-o aiaeao yoi aue iiee. Ii ia i?iecai-
aeee ia i?aaieci oaeiai ?ac?ooathuaai aicaeaenoaey, eae iiyaea-
oeany a ainueieaeanyoua aiaeu ineoinoeioeyoi?u. I?eia?ii a yoi
aea a?aiy iiyaeeenue e iieo/eee oe?ieia ?ani?ino?aiaiea aae-
ethoeeiiaaiu. Iaeioi?ua ec ieo aeaeathony ec a?eaia, iaeioi?ua
neioace?othony eneonnoaaiii a iiaeiieueiuo eaai?aoi?eyo. Caiaae-
iua yenia?ou auneacuaatho iiaiea, /oi aei ian aua ia aeioyio-
eenue uoiaeueoea ie?iaie ia?eiiaoee ii-ianoiyuaio. Ana aua

aia?aaee…

Ia?eiiaiu a naiae n?aaea /aoei iiae?acaeaeytho ia
e ?iii>.

“~ – yoa i?aeiouanoaaiii yoaae?ei, a oaeaea oaiaiei,
eioi?ue aeaenoaoao neeueiaa, e ae?oaea iiaeiaiua i?aia?aou.

Yoaae?ei ieacuaaao aicaoaeaeathuaa aeaenoaea ia oeaio?aeueioth
ia?aioth nenoaio, iiauoaao aicaoaeeiinoue aeuoaoaeueiiai oeaio?a.
Iinea oeiea i?iiaaeatho nii, aiiaoeo e /oanoai onoaeinoe. Iiya-
eythony eaaeinoue, anieane yia?aee, ?acaiai?/eainoue, iiauoaaony
naenoaeueiay aeoeaiinoue. Ca naeoiaeu auno?aeaathony eiae/aneea
oeaii/ee e i?eieiathony ?aoaiey. ?anieaoa – neeueiay e aeeeoaeue-
iay aeai?anney, neaainoue, aanniiieoea, enoiuaiea i?aaiecia. A ne-
eo yoiai ?acaeaaaony ineoieiae/aneay caaeneiinoue.

E ?iiio> ioiinyony iieoi e i?aia?aou, yaeythueany i?i-
aeoeoaie aai ia?a?aaioee.

N?aaee ia?eiiaiia iieuecothony iiioey?iinoueth auaeeiee n ii-
‘.–^i iiuueth ?anoai?eoaey ec iaeiaie nieiiee e – naa?-
[338 JJ ioaoeeny nie iieeiiai eee ianee/iiai iaea.

Ii?oei e aa?iei – ?aaeeinoue ii i?e/eia eo aei?iaiaeciu. Iie-
oi ono?aiyao ana iai?eyoiia, en/acatho oece/aneea aiee, iiya-
eyaony ninoiyiea yeoi?ee, /oanoai oaieiou. Aieueoea aeicu au-
cuaatho y?eea aaeethoeeiaoeee.

Ia?aeeaeueii n oece/aneie noi?iiu eaeao oiaaeie aeeciaiiuo
ooieoeee, iioa?y aiiaoeoa, aeaaeiinoue, ooiieaiea io naiiai iacia-
/eoaeueiiai iai?yaeaiey. Iau/ii i?eaueaiea ianooiaao auno?i,
iinea 3-4 i?eaiia.

Ia?eiae oa?aeoa?ecoaony aicaoaeaeaieai, o/auaieai
ioeuena, ia?anoaieai iai?eyoiuo iuouaiee, eiiioie a iiaao,
eaoeai, iiiinii, ?aioie. Yoe neiioiiu iiaoo ianooieoue n?aco
iinea oiio?aaeaiey, i?e ia?aaeice?iaea eee io a?yce.

Ca iineaaeiea aiaeu a 10 ?ac aic?inei iio?aaeaiea oeie/aneeo
ia?eioeeia, i?e/ai ni?in ia ieo i?aauoaao i?aaeeiaeaiea. Oe-
ie/aneea ia?eioeee iniaaiii iianiu aeey /aeiaaea – i?e eo
i?iecaiaenoaa eniieuecothony iaaeia?iea/anoaaiiua e nia?oaeueii
iianiua oeieeaou e iaiieieoaee. Oai aieaa /oi ca/anooth oi?-
aiaoeu ?acaaaeytho ia?eioeee, a oii /enea e iaaaciianiuie aa-
uanoaaie.

Naiui iineaaeiei i?iecaiaeeoaeae ia?eioe-
eia yaeyaony i?aia?ao IAeIA, aieaa ecaanoiue eae . Yoi
e?oaeua oaaeaoee aaeiai, ?iciaiai eee e?aniiai oeaaoa, eiathuea
aeaaea naie ciae (na?i e iieio, oi?aiaue ciae , noeeeciaaiiue cae/ee e o. ae.), eie oe?iei oi?aotho ai
iiiaeo oaanaeeoaeueiuo caaaaeaieyo.

Ianiio?y ia ?acee/iua iaoaieciu aeaenoaey, ana ia?eioeee
iauaaeeiyao iaeii – oiio?aaeaiea aeaaea naiuo ec ieo
/?aaaoi na?ueaciuie iineaaenoaeyie aeey aeecie e caei?iauey.

Nioeeieiae i?aaeoi?aaeaeatho, /oi 13% oao, eoi ia?eioeee ia
oiio?aaeyao, aeiioneatho aeey naayoaeoth aiciiaeiinoue a ii?aaeaeai-
iuo aeeciaiiuo neooaoeeyo. Yoi o?aaiaeiue neiioii. Iauanoai
aioiai e aieaa neeueiie ia?eioecaoeee,’.e a aeeaeaeoaa a?aiy ia
iaoa?ao?aneii ?uiea iiaoo iiyaeoueny aeaoaaua eieaei e e?ae,
aeiieie?othuea nae/an ai anai ie?a. i

E niaeaeaieth, aeiaieueii /anoi neo/aaony, /oi /aeiaae ia cia-
ao, a eoi-oi ec aai ?iaeiuo e aeeceeo o?ea iiaeaa?aeai iaaoaiie no?a-
noe. Aeaenoaey aea ia?eiiaiia iiaoo auoue iai?aaeneacoaiu: ia/e-
iay io i?iiaaee aauae a aeiia – aeey oiai /oiau i?eia?anoe caaao-
ioth aeico – aei aieaa na?ueaciuo i?anooieaiee, eioi?ua iiaoo auoue
naycaiu n oiio?aaeaieai ia?eioeeia. Aeey oiai /oiau yoiai ecaa-
aeaoue, niaaooai caiiiieoue i?eciaee ia?eiiaia.

Aiaoiee aeae ia?eiiaia a aieueoie noaiaie caaeneo io oiio-
?aaeyaiuo n?aaenoa. Eeoea, oiio?aaeythuea i?aia?aou iieeiie
a?oiiu, auaeyaeyo, eae i?aaeei, noa?oa naieo eao. Ei naienoaai-
ii ?aiiaa iinaaeaiea, aieinu oa?ytho aeane, noaiiayony eiieeie,
auiaaeatho. Eiaea aeaaeiay, nooay, n iaeeeai iaeeeo ii?uei. Eeoei
o oaeeo ethaeae aeaaeiia. Anee aea iie i/aiue aeieai oiio?aaeytho oa-
eea i?aia?aou, oi iaecaaaeii ooaeatho. Iaaethaeaaony enoiuaiea,
eiaeiua iie?iau eiatho aeaeoiaaoue iooaiie. N coaia noiaeeo
yiaeue. Iie iiaoo iaeaiuaaoueny e auiaaeaoue aac aiee. Iiaoe oiaea
noaiiayony eiieeie. Aiciiaeiu aiieiua ineiaeiaiey – ^ ^
aanoeannu, oo?oieoeu, ainiaeaiey aai. IJ339J

?acoiaaony, nouanoaoao e i?yiie i?eciae – neaaeu i?ieieia
aai: ia eieoaauo naeaao, ia eenoyo ?oe, ia iiaao, ia oaa. Aeaeiu
oaeaea oaiiua aei?iaeee, aaiu oieioiaiu, iaeioi?ua ec ieo o?ii-
ae?iaaiu.

Iauaa ninoiyiea /aeiaaea – ii aeaaiaeooai, o iaai onei?ai-
iay ?a/ue, iaeeaeaiiinoue, ?anoi?iiaeaiiinoue, nieaeaiea e?eoe/an-
eie ioeaiee iinooieia e auneacuaaiee. I?e ia?aaeice?iaea – ca-
oi?iiaeaiiinoue, niieeainoue, iaeooaiea. sscue iau/ii ?iciaue n
aaeiaaoui iaeaoii. C?a/ee eciaiaiu, /aua ?acei noaeaiu, ii ii-
aoo auoue e ?anoe?aiu.

Ia?eiaee/anee ninoiyiea iiaeao oa?aeoa?eciaaoueny ?acae?aaee-
oaeueiinoueth, aniueue/eainoueth, iaeiio?iee?oaiie aa?anneaiinoueth.
Yoi ioia/aaony a neooaoeeyo, eiaaea ia?eiiai iaoiaeeony a ninoiy-
iee aanoeiaioeee (), eniuouaay iaiaeieeiia aea/aiea e
aaaaeaieth i/a?aaeiie aeicu ia?eioeeia.

Oa, eoi oiio?aaeyao i?aia?aou ?anoeoaeueiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey,
eiatho naie iniaaiiinoe iiaaaeaiey. Iie /anoi iieuecothony iaeiie
e oie aea iaie?inie, ia?aaeaaay aa ii e?oao. Aeaeatho aeoaieea ca-
oyaeee. Caoyaeaaynue, aea?aeao iaie?ino iaaeaeo eaaeiiyie, e?oa aie-
iaiey eo?eeueueeia ia?aie/ai i?ienoiaeyuei a a?oiia. Iaaeth-
aeaaony yooaeo eiaeoeoeee, o. a. eiiiaiueiiia niaoii,
iea/ai e o. ae. Aiiaua o oaeeo ethaeae /anoi auaatho ac?uau niaoa.
Oii iano?iaiee e?aeia eciai/ea, iaiyaony iiey?ii. Iiaoo ia-
iyoueny iioiaeea, ?a/ue, eii?aeeiaoeey aeaeaeaiee. Eeoei e?aniaao. Au-
aaao, iiyaeyaony iaanoanoaaiiay aeaaeiinoue, ?anoe?aiea c?a/eia,
aeane a aeacao. Oa?aeoa?ii iiyaeaiea /oanoaa aieiaea, aeaaeaeu.

Anee /aeiaae oiio?aaeyao noeioeyoi?u, oi ii auaeyaeeo e?ae-
ia iaii?yoiui, enoiuaiiui, noa?oa naiaai aic?anoa. Aeaca ca-
iaaoea, n iacaei?iaui aeaneii, eiaeiua iie?iau i/aiue aeaaeiua,
ae?yaeua. Iiiaeanoai ieaiaioiuo iyoai. Aiein ineioee, neaaue,
ycue iie?uo o?aueiaie. Ioia/aaony ae?iaeue iaeueoeaa. Aaiu eae
au onayiu aeanyoeaie oi/a/iuo neaaeia. A ianoao eiuaeoeee – ain-
iaeaiea. Aoau nooea. Iaaethaeaaony aanniuneaiiay noaoeeainoue,
naenoaeueiay ?anoi?iiaeaiiinoue. Iao iio?aaiinoe ai nia. Ii ec-
eeoia aieoeea, ioe?iaaiai. ?a/ue auno?a, ii oeio iiiieiaa. A ii-
oii ninoiyiea ?acei iaiyaony. Noaiiaeony niiiui, ayeui. A an-
ee aae?oa ia?aaeice?oao i?aia?ao, oi iiaeao noaoue o?aaiaeiui, ii-
aeic?eoaeueiui, anaai aiyoueny.

A i?ioeii aiaeo i?aaiio?aieoaeueiua i?aaiu ca?aaeno?e?iaa-
ee 94 e?eieiaeueiuo ac?uaa, aua aieueoa oaeaeinue i?aaeioa?aoeoue.
A yoii aiaeo oeo/oaiey neooaoeee ia iaaethaeaaony.

Ii/oe eaaeaeue o?aoee neo/ae – ianoue, ia?aaeei aanueia eciu-
?aiiay. Iai?eia?, ioaa?aiooue ethaiaiee oeao naiae iannee ii-
nuei/eo n . Oaeie neo/ae aeaenoaeoaeueii eiae ianoi.
E n/anoueth, eiaaea aeaiueia ioe?uaaea yuee, aci?aaeny oieueei
eaintheue io ac?uaaoaey, a?aiaoa aea ia naeaoiie?iaaea. Nuueee au-
/eneeee e (oiai, /oi aioiaee yoio ), e
caeac/eea.

Ii/aio aea ioa/anoaaiiay , eee aeo o?eaeaeueiiai
aaiaeaeecia, caiaoaiiiai ia ooeeaainoaa, niaa?oaaony eiaiii oa-

_ s eei caa?neei iooai? Ieacuaaaony, yoiio anoue iauyniaiea,
|[340JJ oe aanueia i?inoia. Auaaao, ia anyeiio eee oo-

eeaaio ii ea?iaio iau/iia i?oaeea – aaoiiao, ienoieao. A?aia-
oa noieo aeaoaaea, a naiiaeaeueiia ono?ienoaei – aaiea,ia/eiaiiay
ai?iaaiiui o?ioeeii, aiiiieoii, oieii, ii?ioii, niaaaeaiiay
aeeoi?aeiaui oio?ii e ac?uaaoaeai, — oae yoi ii/oe aanieao-
ii. Ii aeaaea ia yoi aeaaiia, aaoiiao e ienoieao inoaaeytho neaaeu:

aeeueca, ioey… Ac?uaiia aea ono?ienoai n?aaaouaaao a/enooth Yoi
i/aiue oaeiaiue niinia ?ann/eoaoueny n iaoaiaeiui /aeiaaeii e oeoe
iacaia/aiiui. I?anooiiee iiaeao iioii e i?eciaoueny a niaa?oai-
iii. Iaeiaei i?eciaiea iaiaoiaeeii iiaee?aieoue naeaeaoaeueneeie
iieacaieyie, , a i?e ac?uaa ana nai?aao, ?ac?ooa-
aony. Eaeea oae ooo . Ac?uaioao:ie/aneay yenia?oeca –
o?oaeiia aeaei.

Iaaeaaii a iaeiii ec aeiiia i?ia?aiae neeueiue ac?ua. Eae ii-
oii ieacaeinue, o?ia ae?ocae, anth ii/ue, iioo?o ?aoeee
?acaea/ueny – noaee eco/aoue ono?ienoai a?aiaou O-1, o?aieaoae-
ny o oicyeia. Iaeei ec ieo iainoi?iaeii aea?ioe ca /aeo _ e aai
?aci?aaei ia eonee.

…Aeaaiiieo/iue oeiae a oaeeo neo/ayo i?aeoe/anee eneeth-
/ai. Eae i?aaeei, ana caeai/eaaaony aeaaeueth eee na?ueaciie o?aa-
iie. Iniaaiii /anoi io ethaiiuonoaa, iainoi?iaeiiai ia?auaiey n
i?oaeeai no?aaeatho aeaoe e iiae?inoee, eioi?ua ec-ca niiieoaeueii-
ai eioa?ana euoo ia iieyo, a eanao aiai?eianu, inoaaoeany ni
a?aiai aieiu. Yoi neaiae o?aaiae aeey ac?ineuo, ?iaeeoaeae: a?a-
iaoa, noa?ue nia?yae – ia ea?ooea aeey ?aaaiea.

Eoi iie, yoe iioaioeeaeueiua oaeeoeu, a naiai ee oia, anee oae
eaaei eaeoo ia /oaeiaeuiua i?anooieaiey?

. )

Eae i?aaeei, e?eieiaeueiiio/thae?uaieeo – aei 40 eao, e ii
ia anaaaea aeeeaoaio a naiai e?iaaaii i?iiunea. Yoi eeai auaoee
ie?ioaoiee, eeai i?ioiae/ee-iiae?uaiee, eeai a?iaeneee neoaea-
uee. Iaeei oaeie , ac?uaiee-i?ioiae/ee ec Aiaoe-
oia, oe?ae eae-oi ia oaooa ianeieueei aiiiieoiauo oaoae e, ia-
ieaoenue, ?aoee iiaeoooeoue iaae i?eyoaea^. Caeiaeee oaoeo a aai
iiaeuacaea e… O?yoioei oae, /oi ?ac?ooeei aaoiiiua ia?ae?uoey
iaaeaeo yoaaeaie. A oaieiaiii aeaea iiyaeeanue caienue – .

E ana-oaee naiua aeanoieea ac?uau ono?aeaatho ioithaeue ia oo-
eeaaiu.

*aua anaai oa??i?enoe/aneea aeou ia eiatho i?yiiai ioii-
oaiey e iieeoeea. Eae i?aaeei, yoi aeoeee ono?aoaiey, oaeenoaa
eee eiieo?aioiay aieia, iai?aaeaiiay i?ioea eiie?aoiuo eeoe
Aeiaieueii /anoi yoi e aacioaaonoaaiiia ioiioaiea e ac?ua/aoui
aauanoaai.

^A?naiae n?aaenoa o ceioiuoeaiieeia aeiaieueii aiaa- ^–s
oue – io naiiaeaeueiuo ono?ienoa aei a?aiao O-1 ?AAe-5 [[341 ]|

i?ioeaioaieiauo iei eee a?aiaoiiaoa iaeii?aciaiai eniieueciaa-
iey . *anoi a?aoiaiou i?e auai?a ac?ua/aoee /enoi yei-
iiie/aneea: a?aiaoa noieo aeaoaaea.

Aeey ienai n ieanoeeiaie ieiie oa?aeoa?iu iaiau/iay oie-
ueia (aieaa 3 ii), oi?oainoue, noiaeay n ?aceiiaie, aan aieaa 50 a
e ouaoaeueiay oiaeiaea. Aeieaeiu ianoi?iaeeoue e ianoie/eaia aea-
eaiea a?o/eoue ienueii iai?aiaiii aae?anaoo, e iaaeiene oeia
, e o. ae. Iiaeic?eoaeueiia
ienueii iaeuecy ioe?uaaoue eee naeaaoue, iiaeaa?aaoue aicaeaenoaeth

oaiea eee aiaeu.

Iai anai ia iiiaoaao ii?aaeaeaiiay eioi?iaoeey. Io, iai?e-
ia?, iaeeoia ciaoue, eae eaiooee?othony ac?uaiua ono?ienoaa.
Iie iiaoo auoue a ia?acee iaoaeee/aneeo o?oa ?ac-
iiai aeeaiao?a, ei?iona yeaeo?ia?eoa, neoiiu, aaciaua aaeei-
iu, yueee, aooueee, aaiee, a ?anoaniai/ioth oa?o. Ioaeii ii-
iieoue: naiiaeaeueiua ac?uaiua ono?ienoaa eiaa?iu e iai?aaenea-
coaiu.

Eae iieacuaaao i?aeoeea, oa?icu ac?uaa ia ia?aie/eaathony

aaoiiiaeeai. Ana /aua ac?uau ?acaeathony a iiaeuacaeao aeiiia, o
aoiaeiuo aeaa?ae a eaa?oe?o. Caeanue oaeaea iaiaoiaeeii i?iyaeoue
aaeeoaeueiinoue e, iiaeao auoue, nianoe yoei naith aeeciue. Iiaeic?a-
iea aeieaeiu aucuaaoue:

– o aoiaea a eaa?oe?o – neaaeu ?aiiioiuo ?aaio, ieiuaaee n
ia?ooaiiie e?aneie, iiaa?oiinoue eioi?uo ioee/aaony io iauaai

oiia;

– noiea, ii?ooaeue, ei?iaea eee eaeie-eeai aua i?aaeiao, ei-
oi?iai caeanue ?aiueoa ia auei.

Ioaeii auoue i?aaeaeueii nia?aiiui e ia inoaaeyoue aac aieia-
iey ie iaeiie iaei/e. I oii, /oi anoue iianiinoue ac?uaa, iiaeii
noaeeoue ii neaaeothuei i?eciaeai:

– iaecaanoiue naa?oie eee aeaoaeue a iaoeia eee nia?oaee;

– inoaoee ?acee/iuo iaoa?eaeia, iaoeie/iuo aeey aeaiiiai

ianoa;

– iaoyiooay i?iaieiea, oio?;

-i?iaiaea eee ecieyoeeiiiay eaioa, naenathuay ec-iiae ia-
oeiu.

Aue neo/ae, eiaaea i?eauaoee ia ianoi i?ienoanoaey iiuo-
iue niaoeeaeeno ii iaaca?aaeeaaieth naiiaeaeie nai iiaei?aaeny ia
– ioi?aaei eenoue ?oee.

E aua: ia o?iaaeoa aanoiciua i?aaeiaou a iao?i, yeaeo?e/eao,
ia neaiaeeao… Eo/oa anaai iiauno?aa niiaueoue i iiaeic?eoaeue-
iie iaoiaeea a ieeeoeeth.

A iineaaeiaa a?aiy ana oe?a noae ?ani?ino?aiyoueny e – oeieueieee caiiyo ii e niiauatho, /oi a
eo o/aaiii caaaaeaiee caeiaeaii ac?uaiia ono?ienoai. Eae i?aae-
ei, ana yoe caiiee oeene?othony ia iaaieoioii, aaaeaony neaaenoaea
e ia?aaeei aiieia oniaoii: aeaaiaea?y nia?aiaiiie oaoieea iiae-
ii ia oieueei ii?aaeaeeoue ianoi, ioeoaea caiieee, e oaeaoiiiue
iiia?, ii e eaeaioeoeoee?iaaoue aiein. A yoii neo/aa ioaaonoaai-
iinoue a aeaea aieueoiai aeaiaaeiiai oo?aoa ianoo ?iaeeoaee. Iani-
aa?oaiiieaoiei oa??i?enoai noieo iiaeoiaoue, /oi a oi a?a-
iy, eae niaoea?oiia iauneeaaao caeioeee oeieu, aa aeae-

noaey iaiaoiaeeiu a aeaenoaeoaeueii e?eoe/aneie neooaoeee, aaea
?a/ue eaeao i nianaiee aeecie ethaeae.

Ethaee, naycaiiua n oaieiaiui ie?ii, eiatho naie . Ii oi?ioi, anee ia yoeo ciaeao aoaeao eiaoue i?aaenoaaea-
iea e eaaeaeue /aeiaae. A iaoa naa?oe?eieiiaaiiia a?aiy yoi ia-
iaoiaeeii aeey aai nianoaaiiie aaciianiinoe.

Oaeoth iaeieeo, eae i?ioeeue Aeaaeeie?a Eeuee/a Eaieia, ii-
aoo iicaieeoue naaa oieueei ai?u (ia/aeueiua aoeau nei-
aini/aoaiey Aiaeaeue Ieoya?ueneie ?aaiethoeee ia?acotho niioaao-
noaothuoth aaa?aaeaoo?o-AI?). Oanoe- eee ainueieeiia/iua
caacaeu ia iea/a (eieaiyo) – ciae – ?aoeeaeeaen-
oia, ioeacuaathueony caieiaoueny iauanoaaiii iieaciui o?oaeii.
Oaooe?iaeaie eee ea?oi/iuo ianoae> ianeeueii iaoyo ianneaiuo
aiiinaenoaeenoia (?enoiee iaiinyony ia nieio).

Iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiu ia?noie ia oaeaiaao iaeueoeaa, aac
eioi?uo ec ciiu ia auoiaeeo i?aeoe/anee ie iaeei oaieiaiee.
Eaaeaeay noaeeiinoue aeaao i?aai ia iaeei ia?noaiue. Aioo?e iaai ii-
aoo auoue ?acee/iua neiaieu. Ea?oi/iay ianoue – ooea?. *a?ai,
ie?ao – oaeeoea, naaeeno, noaeeiue ca ?acaie eee aaiaeeoeci. Ciae
aeieea?a icia/aao – e?ooeoaey naeoia. *a?ii-
aaeue ?iiaee – ceie cae, iianiue aeey ie?oaeathueo. Oaeeoeu,
eae i?aaeei, iiieii iaeueoeaa, oe?aoatho e oaei: oa?aeoa?iua
oaooe?iaee – /a?ai, i?iicaiiue eeiaeaeii eee iieieae. Ia /a-
?aia, e?iia oiai, iiaeao auoue /a?iue aa?ao. Aieiau oeuiuo caa-
?ae iiaoo icia/aoue oa?icu nia?oueth a /ae-oi aae?an, eioi?ue cia-
ao oieueei nai oaooe?iaaiiue. Anee eeiaeae eee iiae aac /a?aia,
oi yoi noaeeiue ca ooeeaainoai. Ainueieeo/aaay caacaea iiae eeth-
/eoeaie aaoaai ninaaea ii ainoeieoea, aaaiiiiio eoia eee aaiiie
eaaea icia/aao aunooth eaoaai?eth oaieiaieea – ai?a a caeiia.
?yaeiaie ai? oe?aoai oieueei ecia?aaeaieyie e?anoa. *enei e?a-
noia, eioi?ua ?aciauathony ia eoiieao auoaooe?iaaiiie oea?e-
ae, icia/aao oi aea, /oi e /eneiiaa?noiae, – eiee/anoai noaeeii-
noae. \

Anee noaeueaa naaea aan n /aeiaaeii, ciaeoa,
/oi ii?a i?eieiaoue niioaaonoaothuea ia?u aaciianiinoe.

A oaia?ue ianeieueei neia, .anee au nia?aeenue ia aauaaie ?u-
iie. Ianoi yoi ecaanoiia. Nthaea eaeoo ni anao eiioeia ai?iaea ca ii-
eoieaie, caeanue e oeaiu iiieaea, e anni?oeiaio iiaieueoa. Nthaea
aea ia aaeaaeiaaioth ?aaioo niaoao ai?u e iioaiieee anao ianoae.
Ianeieueei niaaoia, /oiau ia naeaeaoueny eo aeiau/ae.

I?aaeaea anaai iniaoth aaeeoaeueiinoue ioaeii i?iyaeoue, anee eia-
aoa e?oiioth noiio aeaiaa. Eo/oa anaai iieiaeeoue eo ai aioo?ai-
iee ea?iai ieaeaeaea, eioi?ue noieo iai?oaeiaaoue ooaie iaoeae n
ioaiaeoeae.

Ia iiiaaeaeoanue ia oeiaee oee/iuo iioaiieeia, eioi?ua i?i-
oanneiiaeueii eniieuecotho ethaie i?aaeeia, /oiau aeia?aoueny aei aa-
oeo ea?iaiia. Ea?iaiiua ai?u i/aiue /anoi iaouea-
thony ia naie aea?oau: ei yoiai auaaao aeinoaoi/ii, /oiau ia oeoe n
ionouie ?oeaie.

Nianai ia iaycaoaeueii ia?an/eouaaoue naie aeaiueae ia eth- ^–,.
aeyo, a iioii aeaiiino?aoeaii caniauaaoue eioaeae a ea?iai. 11343 J

Anee caiie aeaineie noii/ee ioe?uaaaony ia?oaeo- ia?aaa?ie-
oa aa caieii e naaa.

Niiniaia oe?anoue eioaeae iiiai. Iaeaa/eoue ea?iai iiaoo
ia?aca (a?eoaie eee niaoeeaeueiui ,

i?eiayiiui e eieueoeo).

Eae ie ia?aaeienaeueii, iaiaei aeaiuei e ii nae aeaiue aeeaaeu-
aatho naie eioaeueee a i?ic?a/iua ieanoeeiaua iaeaou. Au?acaoue

oaeie eioaeae – ieaaia aeaei.

Ouaoaeueii i?iaa?yeoa a?o/aaiua aai aeaiueae, iniaaiii iae-
eea. ?ania/aouaaeoa ia/ee, iuoiuaaeoa, o?eoa. Iioiio eae aieue-
oa anaai oaeueoeaie, ii noaoenoeea, i?eoiaeeeinue ia eoith?u a 500

?oaeae.

Ia ?uiea anoue niaoeeaeenou ii (au iiia-
?eee aeaeeinu e i?ineoa caaa?iooue; ia aaoeo aeacao iieoieo a?-
oenoe/anee oiaeiauaatho, aeiia au iaia?oaeeaaaoa a naa?oea iaeio

ooaieio).

*anoi ni?aoeaatho: iiaeii ee iuooeoue, /oi eiaaoue aeaei n ii-
oaiieeii? Yoi neiaeii. Ii ethaie /aeiaae, eioi?ue caeeth/aao
eaeea-oi naeaeee, iaycai aieiaoaeueii neaaeeoue ca aeaenoaeyie nai-
aai ia?oia?a. I?e ?an/aoao au anaaaea aeieaeiu n/eoaoue aeaiueae iin-
eaaeiei, a ia?an/eoaiiua iaeuecy ie ia iaiiaaiea ia?aaeaaaoue ia-
?aoii, ie iiae eaeei i?aaeeiaii. Aiciiaeia iiaeiaia ia eoeie. Oai
aieaa iaeuecy ?ac?aoaoue i?yoaoue aeaiueae a ea?iai, a
iaieo, a ii?ooaeue, a eieao, a eiiaa?o. Aeinoaoi/ii ia naeoiaeo io-
aea/ueny – e au a aeo?aeao.

Aiieia aiciiaeai oaeie aa?eaio. Au euaoa ia ?uiea iaiaoi-
aeeioth aauue, ii oai aa ia i?iaeatho. E aai iiaeoiaeeo i?eyoiiai aeaea
/aeiaae e i?aaeeaaaao eoieoue yoo aauue o iaai. I?e yoii iioaiiee
aeaeaao aeae, /oi no?aoii aieony any/aneeo iaoeiaoeee, ieeeoeee,
a?aaeoaeae. Ii aeiaiai?aiiinoe eoiey-i?iaeaaea i?iecieaeao o iaai
aeiia a i?enoonoaee ?iaenoaaiieeia, aea e aeeaao ii ?yaeii – ?oeie
iiaeaoue. ?acaeaeay eeeaioa aanaaeie, aai iiaeaiaeyo e
o. a. i?ioiaeiiio aeai?o, caoiaeyo a iiaeuacae noa?iai aeiia. A noa?uo
aeiiao, eae i?aaeei iiianoaaeaii iiiaeanoai aeaa?ae, aaaeoueo ia
eanoie/iua ieiuaaeee, a ninaaeiee iiaeuacae, ia oeeoeo. Aiaoia iie
iaioee/eiu io eaa?oe?iuo aeaa?ae. Aeey aieueoaai i?aaaeiiiaeiaey
eo iaeaatho aea?iaoeiii, a?acatho caiie, onoaiaaeeaatho eiiieo

caiiea.

I?iaeaaaoe caoiaeeo a iiaeuacae e, inoaaea iieoiaoaey ia eano-
ie/iie ieiuaaeea, eiau?yaony eeth/ii a oaeueoeaii caiea aan-
oiciuo aeaa?ae. Caoiaeeo a eaa?oe?o, /a?ac ieiooo aica?auaaony,
/oiau niiaueoue: . E i?aaeeaaaao /a?ac
ieiooo (anoanoaaiii, iinea a?o/aiey aeaiaa) i?eianoe aauue. Ia-
oa?iaeeaue iieoiaoaeue a n/anoeeaii i?aaeaeooaiee aeieaiaeaeai-
iie iieoiee, ioaeaao aeaiueae e aeaeao… Noieueei, neieueei o iaai oaa-
oeo a?aiaie niia?aceoue, /oi aai iaiaioee.

Auaaao, /oi ia ?uiea aai i?aaeeiaeao eoieoue aaethoo, e aiieia
aiciiaeii, /oi e aai iiaeieaeao oae iacuaaaiue . Ioa/a-
noaaiiua aeoeeee oaea aeaaii e n oniaoii eniieuecotho a naiae i?aeoe-
ea oio oaeo, /oi ?enoiie e 1-, e 5-, e 10-, e 100-aeieea?iauo eoith? n
/,–>s iaeiie ec noi?ii niaa?oaiii eaeaioe/ai. Iaoaieci oaeiai ii-
|l,344JJ oaiie/anoaa i?ino, ii aeaenoaoao, eae i?aaeei, aacioeacii.

AEoeee, iaeaey eeeaioa, aeinoaao ec ea?iaia noiieo aeieea?ia,
neiaeaiiuo iiiieai e ia?aoyioouo ?aceieie (eiiaaea eo aua ii-
iauatho a oeaeeioaiiaue iaeao), i?e/ai noi?iia aeaiaaeiiai cia-
ea n iaicia/aieai aeinoieinoaa aaieiiou iaycaoaeueii niio?eo aia-
ioo?ue. Iinea /aai aeaao iniio?aoue e ia?an/eoaoue eo iieoiaoaeth.
Caoai aeieea?u iiae eaeei-eeai i?aaeeiaii iaycaoaeueii caae?atho-
ny ia?aoii, a eeeaioo i?aaeeaaaaony naiiio ia?an/eoaoue naie aeaiue-
ae. Oio n/eoaao, ana aieiaiea, anoanoaaiii, o iaai ia?aeeth/aii
ia yoi aeaei, ca aeaenoaeyie i?iaeaaoea ii ia iaaethaeaao. A iiiaio
ia?an/aoa ?oaeae iioaiiee iacaiaoii iaiyao aeieea?u, eioi?ua
iieoiaoaeue oaea iniio?ae, ia oaeia aea eiee/anoai eoith?, ii iaiue-
oaai aeinoieinoaa (iau/ii ii iaeiiio aeieea?o). Iie i?eaioiaeaiu
ca?aiaa e oae aea neiaeaiu iiiieai e ia?aoyioou ?aceieie. Io
ia?aie ia/ee aiaoiae noi?iiie iie ie/ai ia ioee/athony. Iioii
i?ienoiaeeo iaiai aaieiioaie – e ana, naeaeea ninoiyeanue.

Au iieeaeaaoa ?uiie, e ooo ioaeii auoue i?aaeaeueii aieiaoaeue-
iui. Eiaaea aan eoi-oi iniaaiii yia?ae/ii aieoeaaao a caaaoioth
aeaa?ue iao?i eee aaoiaona… ia eneeth/aii, /oi au oaaeaoa, a aao
inoaiaony n aaoei eioaeueeii.

Oniaoii e ec aiaea a aiae ai iiiaeo ?inneeneeo ai?iaeao eniieue-
coaony i?anooiieeaie iaoeo?ue i?eai, eioi?ue ia/eiaaony i?e-
ia?ii oae: ia ia?aaeiuo iiiaeo eaa?oe?iuo aeiiia iiyaeyaony
iauyaeaiea ianoiie naiyieaeainoaioeee, a eioi?ii aeeoaeyi iaa-
uatho aanieaoii (!) auaeaoue n?aaenoai, 100% aa?aioe?othuaa ecaaa-
eaiea io oa?aeaiia. Aeey oao, eoi a iacia/aiiue aeaiue e /an aoaeao
ionoonoaiaaoue aeiia, n?aaenoai ioionoyo a ca?aiaa i?eaioiaeaiioth
e iinoaaeaiioth o aeaa?ae eaa?oe?u aaii/eo. Aeaeueoa – iao?oaeii
aeiaaaeaoueny, /oi oio, eoi aeiaa?/eai ioicaaeny ia i?aaeeiaeaiea, iae-
aeao naith eaa?oe?o ia oieueei aac oa?aeaiia, ii e aac aauae.

Aei neo ii? oniaoii eniieuecoaony a iioaiie/aneie i?aeoeea
oeiaea i6ae~iacaaieai , ?ann/eoaiiay ia /aeiaa/a-
neoth aeaaeiinoue.

– oaeueoeaia ia?o/aeueiia eieueoei, a
iiaeii a ethauo iauanoaaiiuo ianoao e i?aeoe/anee anao, eoi
eiaao aeaeaiea e naiaiaeiua-aeaiueae.

Iau/ii e aai iiaeoiaeeo /aeiaae e aeaeoaony, /oi aai ii iueyiea
?acaeaee, ia?aaeee, inoaeinue aio oieueei ia?o/aeueiia eieueoei, ei-
oi?ia ii aai e i?aaeeaaaao eoieoue ii aieaa /ai aeaoaaie oeaia. Ia
oi?iieoanue aa?eoue i?inoaaeaiiia ia eieueoea i?iaa. Anee au oae ie-
eae ia iiaeaoa iiai?ioue a naaa niaeaci, oi eo/oa iineoa i?e naaa
aaii/eo n io?aaioaiiui oeenaaeai. A yoii neo/aa yeni?ann-aia-
eec iiaeii i?iaanoe ia ianoa ./Aeaei a oii, /oi niaea?aeauaany a oee-
naaea na?aa?i iaiiaaiii ?aaae?oao ia iaaeue, iie?uaay iiaa?oiinoue
nia/aea aaeui, a iioii /a?iathuei neiai. Cieioi aea a yoii ?a-
noai?a inoaaony niaa?oaiii iaeciaiiui. A e?aneaia eiea/ei,
iiouaiiia ia ieiooeo a aaieo, i?eia?aoaao oeaao a?iciaie oo/e.

Eee aaiaeueiaeoay ia ia?aue acaeyae neooaoeey. Au oaaaaoa
naaa ii oeeoea. Aan iaaiiyao i?ioiaeee. Aiieia i?eee/iiai aeaea
iieiaeie /aeiaae eioa?anoaony, ia oioeoa ee au ca ia?o ieioo ca-
?aaioaoue eo/o aeaiaa. Anee au ia i?ioea, oi aiieia anoanoaaiii ca-
aeaaony aii?in, eaeei aea ia?acii, oaaaeaaiue oiaa?eu, yoi ^–e
naeaeaoue. Oaaaeaaiue i?aaeeaaaao naa?iooue ia ioiineoaeueii IL345JJ

aacethaeioth iaaa?aaeioth, ia niaoa i?eeo?eaaao. Ii aiaoia nii-
eiai, oieueei aiein /ooue auaeaao aieiaiea. Eio?eaa iaeeoei. Oae a

/ai aea aeaei?

Ia oniaaaao iaiaeeaeaiiue ?aaioiaeaoaeue ioe?uoue ?io, eae ec-
ca oaea auaaaaao caiuoaaoeeny ia?aiae n eaiaeueeaie iioa ia eao
e aeacaie ia iie?ii ianoa.

ia aac ni/oanoaey io?eoeaoaeueii ea/aao aiei-
aie, oi aea i?iaeaeuaaaoa e au. ?anoyia i?ineo ?ac?aoaiey acaey-
iooue ia niaea?aeeiia aaoae noiee. Aoaeo/e aaniethoii oaa?aiiui
a naaa (naiioaa?aiiui!), iieiue; o/anoey e caiuoaaoaiony ia-
?aiueeo, niaei aeaiiino?e?oaoa ?aaioo canoaaeae, . Noi-
ea naiaiaeia io iiaeic?aiee, ii ii/aio-oi ia au.

I?aaeaea /ai ia?aeoe e aeiniio?o , ?anoyia, oo-
aa?aeaeathuee, /oi ana i?iiaaoea aeaiueae auee iiia/aiu, ni?aoe-
aaao, ia ni?yoaeny ee eioaeae eee ioaeaeueiua eoith?u o aan a ea?-
iaia. Ia/aiua oae ia/aiua, ?annoaeaeaaoa au, ia/eiay ia?aie/aoue.
Ia, niio?e, caeanue eeoue nianoaaiiua, ionoue e ne?iiiua n?aaenoaa a

?acia?a noieueeeo-oi ?oaeae.

?acaeyaeuaay ia/eo aeaiaa, naiaiaeiie ?oeie ?anoyia aeinoaao ec
ea?iaia ieaua aiooeoaeueiie oieueiu aoiaae-
iee. – e?e/eo ii. A ec-ca oaea aio ia iiiiuue i/eo-
ny aiaaie ?aca?a. A yoio i?aethaiiuoiue iiiaio au iaeiiaoe niia-
?aaeaaoa, /oi ie?oaeaiu aanueia na?ueacii iano?iaiiuie ?aayoea-
ie e ii?a, a?oai aiai?y, ?aaoue eiaoe.

caaiai?ueoeee oai/ao: . E oeoiiueei o?iaaaony. Aai ia ii naaa. Iiaeoaa-
ouaay noieo e ?anieoeaay ii ea?iaiai aeaiueae, ia acyaoe e eiia-
iiai oeaioa, au aaaeeoa aeeaea e ethaeyi, o?ieeaeaonai, e iao?i.

No?aiii, ii aan ieeoi ia i?aneaaeoao. Aua au – aaaeue iyoeaea-
nyoe?oaeaaay eoith?a ec aaoae ia/ee inoaeanue a ?oeao o . A oio ia yoii niaa?oaiii caaue, ia noae e?e/aoue aneaae, ia oi

ii e .

A ia?aia a?aiy au iaaeioiaaaaoa, /oi aea oaeia oaeaniia canoa-
aeei aan nianaoueny aaanoaii. E eeoue iinea iaeioi?uo ?acaeoiee
noaiiaeony i/aaeaeiui: au iaeaiioaiu oaeeie aoa?enoia-i?i-
oanneiiaeia

A iineaaeiaa a?aiy, naeaeaoaeuenoaoao ieeeoeey, iioaiie/anoai
n ooai iaaeoui eioaeueeii a ea/anoaa i?eiacee ano?a/aaony aanue-
ia /anoi. Iiyoiio anee oaea/a aai oeuaioeanue e au iaoee ia oee-
oea eioaeae – ianoiyoaeueii ?aeiiaiaeoai i?ieoe ieii, ia iai?a-
/eaaynue e ie a eiai neo/aa ia caaeyaeuaay aioo?ue. Iineaaenoaey
iiaoo auoue eeoaiu i?eyoiinoe.

Aio iaeei ec aa?eaioia yoie iioaiie/aneie oeiaee…
Au iioiaeeoa e naiaio iiaeuacaeo e iaia?oaeeaaaoa a eeooa ao-
iaaeiee n aeieoiaioaie. Eco/ea aai niaea?aeeiia, iaoueaaoanue ia
oaeaoii aeaaeaeueoea ooa?yiiuo aauae. Eae anyeee ii?yaei/iue
/aeiaae au a oio aea aa/a? caiieoa ii yoiio oaeaoiio, niiauaaoa
.,–>\ i naiae iaoiaeea. Ec oaeaoiiiie o?oaee ia aan aoeaaeueii
1.346 JJ ia?ooeaathony iioiee aeaaiaea?iinoe e iieueaa i nei?ae-

oae ano?a/a aeey oiai, /oiau iiauno?aa iieo/eoue iacaae iioa?yi-
iua aeieoiaiou. Iiaoo aeaaea iiiaauaoue aiciaa?aaeaeaiea, ii au,
eae oaaaeathuee naay /aeiaae, eiia/ii aea, ioeacuaaaoanue io
iaai.

Eoae, ano?a/a iacia/aia. A oneiaeaiiia ianoi a oneiaeaiiue
/an au i?eacaeaaoa n aaoae iaoiaeeie. *a?ac eaeia-oi a?aiy ii-
yaeyaony e aeaaeaeaoe aeieoiaioia aianoa n i?eyoaeai. Oaeaeaa aan,
ii ia?aaeiaaiii eeaeaaony iaano?a/o. Aaaei iniio?aa i?ioyioooth
aaie noieo, oicyei i?iiaaee niaa?oaiii iaiaeeaeaiii ni?aoe-
aaao: (noiio iiaoo iacaaoue e aieue-
ooth). Iiea au iuoaaoanue iauynieoue, /oi ieeaeeo aeaiaa a noiea
ia auei, neooaoeey ?acei iaiyaony. Aan oaaoatho ca ?oee, e?e/ao,
/oi anee au ia aa?iaoa aeaiueae, aan nae/an naeaaeoo a ieeeoeeth ca
ai?ianoai (naeaeaoaee anoue, aaoe ioia/aoee iaeueoeaa ia noiea –
oiaea). Niaa?oaiii ia iaeeaeay oaeiai iiai?ioa niauoee, au /oa-
noaoaoa naay caaiaiiui a oaie e a eiioea eiioeia niaeaoaaoanue io-
aeaoue aeaiueae, iiieiay iaeiiaoe, a eaeoth ia?ceoth enoi?eth aey-
iaeenue.

Anee au aae?oa iaia?oaeeee /uee-oi aaue, ia no?aieoanue ioaea-
aaoue iaeaeaiiia naie, eo/oa aa?ieoa eo aeaaeaeueoeo /a?ac ieeeoeeth.
Oae iaaeaaeiaa e… aeaoaaea.

Ia iaioee naiei aieiaieai iioaiieee e aeaaeaeueoeaa iaoei,
iniaaiii anee yoi eiiia?ea. A yoii neo/aa…

Anee au aeaaeaeaoe iaoeiu, iniaaiii eiiia?ee, oi noieo aai
iiaeuaoaoue e eaeiio-ieaoaeue ioieoo iaiaia aaethou eee aei?iaiio
iaaaceio, eae au ooo aea iiiaaeaaoa iiae i?enoaeueiia aieiaiea ii-
oaiieeia. Iiea au oiaeeoa ii iaaaceiai eee iaiaieaaaoa aaeth-
oo, ca aaie aieiaoaeueii neaaeyo, aeaau auynieoue, eiaaony ee a aa-
oeo noieao eee a aaoai aaoiiiaeea /oi-ieaoaeue oeaiiia. Anee oa-
eiaia ia acaeyae ceioiuoeaiieeia i?enoonoaoao, iie auno?aiueei
aaaoo e aaoaio aaoiiiaeeth, i?eia?eiaaiiiio o iai/eiu, e i?i-
eaeuaatho caaeiaa i?aaia eieani. Eiaaea eaeao caiaia eiaiii yoiai
eieana, oi i?ioeaiiieiaeiua aeaa?e iaoeiu aaniethoii auiaaeatho
ec aaoaai iiey c?aiey. N yoiai iiiaioa .

Naeaeaa iieoiee, au aica?auaaoanue e naiaio aaoi e oeeaaeuaa-
aoa a iaai noiee. Caoai, iaia?oaeea i?ieie, /a?ouoaynue, eacaoa a
aaaaaeiee e aeinoaaoa ioooaea iaiaoiaeeiua aeey caiaiu eieana ei-
no?oiaiou. A yoio iiiaio e aai iiaeao iiaeieoe eoi-ieaoaeue ec ii-
oaiieeia e i?aaeeiaeeoue naith iiiiuue.

Iiea aaoa aieiaiea neiioeaio?e?iaaii ia caiaia eieana, ni-
iauieee aaoaai /a?ac ioe?uoua aeaa?e aaoae ia-
oeiu, /aua anaai /a?ac aiaeeoaeueneoth aeaa?ue – caae?atho ana oeai-
iia, /oi iaoiaeeony a naeiia.

Oae /oi anee o aan aicieeee aiaeiae/iua i?iaeaiu, oi i?aae-
aea anaai cae?ieoa nia/aea ia eeth/ ana aeaa?e aaoiiiaeey. A i?i-
oeaiii neo/aa ii iooe a oeiiiiioaae aai, aiciiaeii, caoi/aony
caaoaoue e a aeeaeaeoaa ioaeaeaiea ieeeoeee, eiay i?e yoii ioea-
aua oainu ia iieieo oeo?ioiiua aeoeeeia.

Aeiaieueii /anoi aea?oaaie aoa?enoia noaiiayony i?inoiaeooiua
?inneyia, eioi?ua ?aoatho yiea?e?iaaoue ec iaoae no?aiu a iaoiae
onoaiiaeaiiiai ii?yaeea. Noaia iioaiie/anoaa i?inoa, ii, /.,–^s
oau, n?aaaouaaao. E aeaeathuaio ia?aaoaoue ia iinoiyiiia 1[3^7J|

aeeoaeuenoai a iaeio ec caiaaeiuo no?ai ia?auathony iiuoiua eii-
noeueoaiou, eioi?ua ca iaiaeoth icaeo (iau/ii ii?yaeea iyoe ou-
ny/ aeieea?ia NOA, a eiiaaea e aieueooth noiio) i?aaeeaaatho ii-
ii/ue ioi?ieoue iaiaoiaeeiua aeieoiaiou e . Iaeiiea ii?aaeaeaiioth noiio io aeiaa?/eauo
i?inoioeeue, oe?ia cae?uaaaony.

Iaeiie ec iiaeiie a iaeanoe iaaeiai iioaiie/anoaa n aaeth-
oie noaea neooaoeey, a eioi?ie a?aaeaeaiei ?aoaao iaiaiyoue naie
e?iaiua. A yoii neo/aa ii i?ioyaeaaao a ieioa/ei iaiaiiiai ioi-
eoa, aeiionoei, iyoue aaieiio ii noi aeieea?ia e aeaeao, eiaaea i?aae-
noaaeoaeue iaiaiiiai ioieoa aaea-oi oai, aia iiey aaoaai c?aiey,
i?iaa?eo ia iaoeiea ioaeaiiua aeieea?u: oaeueoeaua iie eee iao.

Eiaiii yoie neooaoeeae e noaee iieueciaaoueny iioaiieee. A oio
iiiaio, eiaaea au ioaeaaoa aeieea?u ia i?iaa?eo, caia-
iyao iaeio eee aeaa ii?iaeueiua aaieiiou ia oaeueoeaua e aica?a-
uaao aai oaea naie caia/aiiua oaeueoeaua aeaiueae, ooaa?aeaeay i?e
yoii, /oi iie oaeueoeaua. E i?e i?iaa?ea ii aeaenoaeoaeueii iea-
aeaony i?aa.

Iaeioi?ua noa?athony naay aeaaea yoei ia cao?oaeiyoue e i?inoi
ecuiatho ianeieueei noiaeieea?iauo aeeaoia, ooaa?aeaeay i?e yoii,

/oi iie oaeueoeaua e /oi anoue iinoaiiaeaiea oaeea aeieea?u aea-
aeaeueoeai iacaae ia aica?auaoue.

*oiau ecaaaeaoue oaeie neooaoeee, i?aaeaea /ai eaeoe iaiyoue , ia?aieoeoa naaa a aeieiio ana na?ee e iiia?a aaieiio.
Anee aae?oa n aaie ia/eiaao i?ienoiaeeoue ia/oi iiaeiaiia, iaiaae-
eaiii o?aaoeoa ecuyoey aaoeo aeaiaa a i?enoonoaee ieeeoeee. I?e
yoii iaycaoaeueii ianoaeaaeoa ia ninoaaeaiee naiiai aeoa ecuy-
oey, eiiey eioi?iai aeieaeia auoue ioaeaia aai, aeaaeaeueoeo oaeueoe-
auo aeieea?ia.

A oaeie neooaoeee iioaiieeai aoaeao cia/eoaeueii neiaeiaa in-
oaaeoue aan a aeo?aeao, a o aan aoaeao ?aaeueiay aiciiaeiinoue aa?iooue
iacaae aaoe aeaiueae, aeaaea anee iie oaeueoeaua.

Nienie i?eaiia, eniieuecoaiuo iioaiieeaie, iiaeii i?i-
aeieaeaoue aei aaneiia/iinoe. Aeey i?ioeaiaeaenoaey ei iiaeii i?i-
oeaiiinoaaeoue oieueei iaeii aa?iia n?aaenoai – aieiaiea, uaia-
oeeueiinoue e cae?aaue niune. Iinoa?aeoanue ioeaieoue neooaoeeth
e?eoe/anee, acaeyiooue ia ana aeacaie o?acaiiuneyuaai /aeiaa-
ea. A yoii neo/aa aaoa aeiaa?/eainoue ia aoaeao eniieueciaaia i?i-
oea aan.

A oaia?ue ianeieueei neia i ai?ao-ea?iaiieeao.
?aianei yoi o?aaoao iniaiai ianoa?noaa – ecyuiinoe, o?aie-
?iaee e auaea?aeee. Iniiaiie e naiue iaaeaaeiue eino?oiaio ai?a-
ea?iaiieea – iaeueoeu. Ioaeaeueiua ee/iinoe aeinoeaatho aunoaai
oai?/aneiai niaa?oainoaa, n?aaieiiai ?acaa /oi n ianoa?noaii oi-
eonieea. Iaiaoea aiciiaeioth aea?oao, ai?-i?ioanneiiae aeieaeai
iuoiueth ociaoue, a eaeii eiaiii ea?iaia iaoiaeeony oi, /oi caneo-
aeeaaao aai aieiaiey. Ana ianoa?noai ai?a a oii, /oiau aea?oaa ia
ii/oanoaiaaea a naiai ea?iaia aai ?oee. *oiau ioaea/ue aieia-
iea aea?oau, ai?-ea?iaiiee, iuoiuaay e ai?oy, ia?aaeei aea?aeeo
a naiaiaeiie ?oea eaeie-ieaoaeue i?aaeiao (), eioi?ui
aN==^] ii i?ee?uaaao ?oeo e oio ea?iai (eee noieo)
IJ348JJ aea?oau, eioi?ua i?eaeaeatho aai aieiaiea.

Nouanoaoao aeiaieueii /aoeay niaoeeaeecaoeey ai?ia-ea?iaiieeia.
Anee aan ia?aaeee ia ?uiea, yoi naeaeaee , a iao?i –
, a iiacaea –, a ai?iaeneii o?ainii?oa –
(iie aea – ), a iaaaceia – , a oaao?a – , a ia oeeoea – i?inoi .

Ea?iaiieee i?aeoe/anee n oo?a aei aa/a?a anoue a eaaeaeii aa-
oiaona, o?ieeaeaona, o?aiaaa, aaaiia iao?i. Iaeaieaa aeaaii?e-
yoiia a?aiy ?aaiou a /an iee – n 7 aei 9 oo?a e aa/a?ii iinea 16.
Oioy i?ioanneiiae iiaeao ia/enoeoue aao ea?iai e a iieoionoii
aaoiaona, eiaaea au naaeeoanue a iaai eee auoiaeeoa.
naeoiaeiia aeaei. Ea?iaiiuie e?aaeaie nae/an caieiaaony a in-
iiaiii iieiaeaaeue- ia oaeeaeyeoanue! Aeaaea n?aaee 12-13-eaoieo
iiae?inoeia anoue aieueoea ianoa?a naiaai aeaea. Iecei?ineiio ia-
oeaio a o?ainii?oiie aeaaea cia/eoaeueii oaeiaiaa caa?aoueny e aai a
ea?iai, /ai aeaooiao?iaiio aeaoeia. Ana aeoeaiaa noaee caieiaoue-
ny yoei i?iiuneii aeaai/ee-iiae?inoee. Aeae o ieo i/aiue ne?ii*
iue: ie einiaoeee ia eeoea, ie na?aaeae. Noieo ?yaeii n aaie yoa-
eay ioee/ieoea, a nionoy ieiooo – eioaeueea eae ia auaaei. AEai-
neee iie a eiee/anoaaiiii ioiioaiee iaei/eneaiiia, ii ?aaioaao,
i/aiue i?ioanneiiaeueii e iaaeii.

Aeaenoaotho iie a o?e-/aou?a /aeiaaea. Nicaeatho
aeaaeo aie?oa aea?oau, iooe?atho oao, eoi iiaeao caiaoeoue, aa?oo a
eieueoei, ooo aea ia?aaeatho iioeuaiiia e iaiiaaiii en/acatho.

O ioae/ei eaa/a e i?iua anaai ec ea?iaiia a?the, a
iniiaiii caaeieo (ea?iaiu>). O aeaiuei – eeai ?annoa-
aeaatho noii/eo, eeai ?ac?acatho aa iieiaeieie aaciianiie a?eo-
au eee ino?i iooi/aiiie iiiaoeie.

Iiyoiio aeaiueiai a aeaaea eo/oa anaai i?eaeeiaoue noii/eo
e a?oaee, a ioae/eiai eeanoue aeaiueae e aeieoiaiou ai aioo?aiiee
ea?iai ieaeaeaea.

Iniaoth eaoaai?eth ea?iaiieeia ninoaaeytho .

Iacaaiea iai?yioth naycaii ni niiniaii ?aaiou.
iaiaoiaeeii anooieoue ni naiae aea?oaie a naiue oaniue eiioaeo,
i?e/ai, eae i?aaeei, eeoeii e eeoeo. Ai? iiaeoiaeeo e iaia/aiiie
aea?oaa e iuoaaony /oi-oi ociaoue. Iai?eia?, eae aio, aaaeieaaa,
aei Iaaneiai aeia?aoueny (eiiaaea, i?aaaea, ia i/aiue ?acai?/eai, oieue-
ei yoi neiaini/aoaiea – – ai? e iiaeao i?i-
ecianoe). I?e yoii ii noa?aaony iioeiiaoue, iiaea?aaoue aea?oao. Ana
yoi aeaeaaony aeey oiai, /oiau auynieoue, aaea o aea?oau aoiaaeiee-
Caoai ai?o ioaeii iinoaaeoue eeeaioa oae, /oiau
ea?iai aue aia iiey c?aiey aea?oau. Ae?oaie niinia – ecia?aceoue
i?eiaaeie eee na?aea/iue i?enooi, oiaa a iauyoey aea?oau. E n
yoiai iiiaioa ai?o ioaeii iaaeayoueny oieueei ia eiaeinoue ?oe. Ia-
?aaeei eioaeae auaaao auaeo ec ea?iaia aua i?e , ini-
aaiii anee oio iaaeoaieee.

Aieueoei yoie i?ioannee yaeyaony oi, /oi aea?oaa
oniaaaao oi?ioi ?acaeyaeaoue e, eae i?aaeei, caiiiieoue ea?iai-
ieea. Ii anoue 1eaieuiea iethnu – eae i?aaeei, aea?oaa a iiiaio
e?aaee e a aieiao ia\i?eoiaeeo, /oi yoio iiaeao aai . Iiaeao, iiyoiio iiae ia?aaeei ?aaioatho e nea-
aineuoauea ai?u. Aiai?yo, /oi o ian a Ieoa?a anoue oaeie ,-.,–,.
, ?aaioathuee iiae ^o?ynoia>. [[349]

Anee au /oanoaoaoa, /oi e aai a ea?iai eee a noii/eo iuoa-
thony caeacoue, aiyoueny ia iaaei. Iiaeii niieieii neacaoue ia/oi
a?iaea: Ea?iaiieee ia eaeoo ia aeaei n
iiaeaie, n caoi/eaie, a oai aieaa n ienoieaoaie. Naiiio a?aae-
aeaieio eee a?aaeaeaiea caaea?aeaoue ea?iaiieea i?aeoe/anee ia-
aiciiaeii. Ie?oaeathuea ia aaoe e?eee e a?iaueth, e niaeaeaieth,
ia iiaaaeoo. Aaeeinoaaiiia eneeth/aiea, anee ai?eoeo noaaoeo ca
?oee e?aieee ioaeee n iaea/aiiuie aeoeainaie. I?e/ai a oio
iiiaio, eiaaea iioeuaiiue eioaeae iaoiaeeony aua a ?oeao ai?a.
Aea e a yoie neooaoeee aeieacaoue e?aaeo iioii aoaeao iai?inoi: ioae-
iu naeaeaoaee. A eiio, neaaeeoa, oi/aony oiaeeoue ii ieeeoeeyi,
o/anoaiaaoue a aeii?inao e i/iuo noaaeao, i?eacaeaoue ii iiaanoea
a noae, a iioii aeeoue a no?aoa, iaeeaeay e?iaiie ianoe a?aoau a?a-
noiaaiiiai? Ioeiaeoue e ii?aaeaeeoue ia ia?u ii neeai
eeoue nuueeai-i?ioanneiiaeai. Iie o?oaeyony a o?ainii?oa
aaeaaeiaaii, ii aaaeue eaaeaeue aaoiaon nio?oaeieeaie ieeeoeee ia

iaania/eoue.

A oaia?ue iiaiai?ei ia aca?oiuo ea?ao.

Oaia aca?oa, eae aiai?yo, iaeia ec naiuo ianoaeaeaaiuo ca ?o-
aaaeii. Anoue iiaiea, /oi no?anoue e ea?a aoaeeo iaayc/eaay ?aeea-
ia eiieo?nia e eioa?ae, eioi?ay i?ecuaii cao/eo e neaaeei iaieo

e aeaiueaai.

Aniiiieoa, /oi oai?eeinue ni anae no?aiie, eiaaea a iiaea auei

. Naeoioeny e noa? e ieaae. Oieueei eaieaue ia eiae
naiaai iiaeoiaea, naiae oaeoeee e no?aoaaee oaaeeoeu n oeacaieai
/anoi auea?uaaaoeo iiia?ia (e ?aneoiaeenue, /oi oa?aeoa?ii!),
iaoiaeeeenue aeaaea ioae?aoeu, aun/eouaaaoea caaeneiinoue noaiaie
/anoiou auiaaeaiey oiai eee eiiai oa?a io oaeaeueiiai aana iaie-
naiiiai ia iai iiia?a. E aaniieacii auei iauyniyoue, /oi a eo/-
oai neo/aa ou auea?aaoue noieueei, neieueei aeiaeee, – aaaeue ia
aeo?aee aea i?eaeoiuaatho eioi. Eae e eioa?ae. Ia aiai?y oaea ia

ea?iauo aaoiiaoao.

Ii aio oaea ana ia?aaieaee e eioa?aae ,

a ia oeeoeao iaoeo ai?iaeia ana aieueoa i?iaeaaoeia, oi?aothueo ae-
eaoaie ?aciiia?aciuo eioa?ae.

N iaaeaaieo ii? eioa?aeueee noaee i?eaeaeaoue ioaeeeo, i?aae-
eaaay : eoiea aeanyoue aeeaoia(a ?aciuo eioa-
?ayo yoa oeeo?a iaiaeeiaeiaa) e ie/aai ia auea?aa, iaoaea/eeaue
ea?ie iiaeao ?ann/eouaaoue ia aica?ao naieo aeaiaa. Eiia/ii, au-
ea?uo aai a?o/ao. Noieiinoue aai aoaeao iiiai ieaea noieiinoe ae-
eaoia. Aeiaaaeaeenue, eoaea eaeao ?acieoea?

Io a oi?aiaoeu iyoe?oaeaauie aeeaoaie e aiana uaaieytho noiiaie, a?athueie aeooo
ethaiai i?ioiaeaai, iie noeyo auea?uoe io 5 aeieea?ia aei 10 ou-
ny/ ! Ai?i/ai, ieeiio ec eeeaioia i?iaeaaoea, n eioi-
?uie y aanaaeiaae, aaniineiaiia 10-ouny/iia n/anouea ia oeua-
ioeinue. A aio noiaeieea?iaua auea?uoe, ooaa?aeaeaao ii, auee,
e ia ?ac. A aeieacaoaeuenoai oiai, /oi ii ia aeoeueie/aao e aeae-
noaeoaeueii aioia caieaoeoue i?e/eoathueany iiaaaeeoaeth, i?i-
aeaaaoe i?iaeaiiino?e?iaae iooeaiueeoth ia/eo aia?eeaineeo aai-
,e–>\ eiio. Oioy e aeanyoe ouny/ oai, nei?ae anaai, ia iaa?a-
[350 JJ aeinue au…

Aeey ea?ieia yoi ia naiia aeaaiia. Ei aaaeiaa, neaaeai, /oiau
eioa?aeiue aeeao (oao eioa?ae, a eioi?uo auea?uoe ia auiea-
/eaathony ia ianoa) ia ieacaeny oaeueoeaui, a yoi eiiaaea auaaao.
Oae /oi i?e iieoiea eioa?aeiie noieo iiaieia-
oaeueiaa iiniio?aoue ia aa na?eth e iiia?, eioi?ua, neo/aaony, iie*
iinoueth ionoonoaotho. Ia aeeaoa aeieaeiu auoue enoiaeiua aeaiiua on-
o?ieoaeae eioa?ae. Iiaeii oaeaea iaaanoe ni?aaee a aaeieieno?a-
oeee oie ianoiinoe, aaea ca?aaeno?e?iaai i?aeiieoao, – yoe
naaaeaiey oiaea aeieaeiu auoue oeacaiu ia ia?aoiie noi?iia aeeaoa
eee a i?aaiecaoeee, ?ani?ino?aiythuae eo. A yoii neo/aa o aan anoue
iaaeaaeaea ia iieo/aiea auea?uoa. Oioy ia?aaeee neo/ae, eiaaea
a?aaeaeaiei iieoiae aeeao, auea?uaae – e aeieai-aeieai eneae aic-
iiaeiinoue iieo/aiey caeiiiiai auea?uoa.

Nouanoaothuea i?aaeea i?aaeoniao?eaatho aeey ono?ieoaeae ei-
oa?ae iaycaoaeueii eeai i?aaeuyaeaiea aeanoeeo aaieianeeo aa?ai-
oee, eeai ioe?uoea niaoeeaeueiiai n/aoa aeey aeeoioee?iaaiey anae
au?o/ee io i?iaeaaee aeeaoia. E?iia oiai, ana eioa?aeiua aeeaou
aeieaeiu eiaoue ianeieueei noaiaiae caueou io iiaeaeaeie.

A iineaaeiaa a?aiy aeoeaii ?ane?o/eaaaony eioa?ay . Caeanue i/aiue i?inoua i?aaeea, iaiiieiathuea ecaanoiia
anai n aeaonoaa eioi n oeoeaie-ai/iieaie. Aeeao eioa?ae iiaeii
i?eia?anoe o ?ani?ino?aieoaeae ia iiiaeo noaioeeyo iao?i. Ii
ninoieo ec aeaoo ea?oi/ae n ii?aaeaeaiiie eiiaeiaoeeae /enae, eae
a iaueiiaaiiii .

?icua?uo i?ioiaeeo ia eaiaea ii aine?anaiueyi. Ii
ninoieo ec o?ao oo?ia, eaaeaeue ec eioi?uo noeeo iaiaeue auea-
?uo.

Anee aea aieiaoaeueii i?eniio?aoueny e i?aaeeai i?iaaaeaiey
?icua?uua, oi auyniyaony, /oi a oe?aaea n i?eciaui oiiaeii i?e-
ia?ii a 1 ,& ieeeea?aea ?oaeae i?eieiaao o/anoea a n?aaeiai iie-
oi?a ieeeeiia aeeaoia. E?oiiua noiiu io aeanyoeia aei nioai iee-
eeiiia ?oaeae auea?uaaao aeanyoie-ae?oaie aeeaoia, a ii ianeieue’
eo ouny/ – oiaea ianeieueei ouny/.

Iiyoiio (Noieo aieiaoaeueii iineooaoue neiaa aaaeouaai: .

E iiaeoiaoue, eaeiaa noaiaiue aa?iyoiinoe aaoaai auea?uoa a
.

A ianoiyuaa a?aiy aca?oiua ea?u, iiieii iiiai/eneaiiuo
eioa?ae, i?aaenoaaeaiu o?aaeeoeeiiiuie aeaeaie: a ea?ou, a , a ?oeaoeo, einoe, ia aeeuey?aea e aeaaea a oaoee e oao-
iaou. Ii iaeaieueoee a?aae a?aaeaeaiai e ?aaioieeai ieeeoeee ii-
i?aaeiaio i?e/eiytho ea?u a ea?ou e .

Iaeaieaa i?ioanneiiaeueiuie ea?oaaeieeaie yaeythony ea?i-
ee-iioaiieee, ooaa?aeeaoeany a oaieiaiii ie?a iiae iacaaieai
. ?a/ue eaeao i ea?oi/iuo ooea?ao. Aua aei ?aaiethoeee ii-
yaeeanue /aoeay niaoeeaeecaoeey iioaiieeia. Ianoa?a aunoaai
eeanna- ?aiiiua aaeaou>, ae?ooicu ea?u, oii/aeoea ine-
oieiae, neaaeii ca ieie oee aieaa i?eieoeaiua ea?iee – , ea?athuea n ca?aiaa iiaeoaniaaiiie eieiaeie ea?o.

Oeie/iuie ooea?neeie i?eaiaie i?e ea?a oaea oiaaea ^–,,
auee: iaoea ea?o, iiae?acaiea e?aaa, e?aieaiea, iaeieea 1J3S1 J

n iiiiuueth eaeu (ana yoe a i?eioeeia aeiaeeee aei ia-
oeo aeiae). Iiaeooa/ee iaeueoeaa o ea?oi/iuo iioaiieeia iaea-
aeaee ecoieoaeueiie naa?o/oanoaeoaeueiinoueth. Ia?/aoee aei e iin-
ea ea?u auee iaycaoaeueiui ao?eaooii iaeaaeaeu ooea?ia. Aiai-
?yo, /oi aeaaea i?aeoeeiaaeenue niaoeeaeueiua oe?o?ae/aneea
iia?aoeee ii oaeaeaieth caa?oaaaoae eiaee. Naia niaoeeaeecaoeey
ooea?neie ii?aaeaeyea a?oiiiaie oa?aeoa? i?anooi-
eaiey: ea?ie, iiaeaeyaeuaathuee a ea?ou (), ea?ie,
i?iea?uaathuee iaia/aiiie aea?oaa, aeaau aicaoaeeoue a iae aca?o,
e o. ae. Eae i?aaeei, i?anooiiay a?oiia ea?oi/iuo iioaiieeia
ia i?aauoaea 3-5 /aeiaae. Ai?ioueny n ooea?aie auei /?acau-
/aeii neiaeii.

Ea?oi/iua iioaiieee ?acaeaeyeenue ia ianeieueei eaoaai?ee,
‘ ninoaaeythueo oeaeoth ea?a?oeth. Ia aa?oeia ie?aieaeu ?aniiea-
aathony . Yoi – yeeoa ooea?ia, iaaeaeaiiay ii ia-
ienaiui caeiiai iniauie iieiiii/eyie. Ea?a aaaeaony ia – a ianoao, iaaeaaeii ne?uouo io aeac ieeeoeee (aea/a, eaa?-
oe?a, ?anoi?ai).

Oaoaiaaaeueiua i?eaeaoatho ia oieueei i?ioanne-
iiaeueiuo ea?ieia, ii e iaeioi?uo aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe, aeaeathueo
eniuoaoue ino?ioo /oanoa. I?iea?aaoea a ea?ou aeieaeiinoiua
eeoea, anoanoaaiii, aeieaeiu aica?auaoue aeieae, eioi?ua i?eoiaeeo-
ny ieaoeoue ia?aaeei i?ioeaii?aaiuie aeaenoaeyie a iieueco i?a-
nooiieeia: iai?eia?, niiaueoue ioaeioth eioi?iaoeeth, aeinoaoue oa
eee eiua aeieoiaiou, iiaeeyoue ia neaaeiaaoaey, no aeuethe o. ae. Anee
ea?a aaaeaony oieueei n?aaee ea?oi/iuo iioaiieeia, oi iiaoo , oi anoue i?e iaee/ee aeaaii?eyo-
iie ea?ou o eiai-oi i?eniaaeeieoueny e iieo/eoue /anoue noiiu au-
ea?uoa.

Ca neaaeotho . Yoe nenoaiaoe/anee

‘iaua?uaatho a?aaeaeai a ea?ou ia aeaiueae, iinea /aai aei iineaaeiaai
?oaey ea?atho iaaeaeo niaie. aano?iee?otho, i?iaiaeyo a?a-
iy a ?anoi?aiao n i?inoeoooeaie, a iiacaeao aeaeueiaai
neaaeiaaiey, ia ieyaeao, ia aiecaeao, a ay?iii?oao, a ia?eao, aeaaea
a oaene. Iiyoiio eo ciaoo aua e . Iau/ii iie ea?a-
tho oi?ioi i?aaieciaaiiuie a?oiiaie, aaea ?iee ?ani?aaeaeaiu ca-
?aiaa, a i?eaiu aoyaeaaiey a ea?o e iaua?uaaiey aeiaaaeaiu aei
aaoiiaoecia. Iaeei ec a?oiiu iioaiieeia euao aea?oao, aoyae-
aaao aa a i?inooth ea?o a . Ae?oaea aeaia eee o?ia i?e-
niaaeeiythony eae iiioo/eee. Ia/eiaaony ea?a a /aii>, , , , e ae?.

iau/ii auaeatho naay ca ia?aciaaiiuo, ethaeae, /oi, a iauai-oi, ei oaeaaony.

Iineaaeithth, iecooth eanoo ea?oi/iuo iioaiieeia, ea?aa-
oeo, eae i?aaeei, a iaeeii/eo, iacuaaee . Yoe
i?anooiiua i?ioanneiiaeu a iniiaiii eniieueciaaee oaeie i?e-
ai: auea?uaaee nia/aea o aea?oau ana aeaiueae, a caoai aeaaaee /anoue
ioua?aoue. Yoi iacuaaeinue . Aiai?yo, /oi o
aea?oa ia iiyaeyeinue e oaie niiiaiey a /anoiinoe iioaiieea e
iie auee aeaaiaea?iu noaeueaa ca oi, /oi ei oaeaeinue oioue /a-
noueth ioua?aoueny.

/

, a aa?iaa, noa?ay caauoay aca?oiay ea?a
ieacaeanue cia/eoaeueii i?iua e aeioiaeiae ea?oi/iie. A e?oao ei-
oa?anothueony eeoe neaeeo ia ei?oi/eao iieiaeie /aeiaae () e aue?eeeaaao: Ii
eae au ca?aiaa i?aaeoi?aaeaeaao i aiciiaeiii enoiaea, iaeiia?aiai-
ii ?acaeeaay eioa?an ioaeeee. Eiia/ii, oaeie /aeiaae ec ioaee-
ee iaoiaeeony (ia aea?aiia – ). Ii iiaeoiaeeo e , noaaeo aeaiueae e oaaaeuaaao iaia?noie, iiae eioi?ui ea-
aeeo oa?ee. Aio ooo aea n i?eaaooeaie ioaeanony auea?uo. Aca?o
oieiu ?anoao. E aa/a?o a?oiia iioaiieeia eiaao e?oaeaiueeoth
noiio.

I?ioiaeee, eioi?ue ieacuaaaony naeaeaoaeai oiai, /oi neo/ae-
iue /aeiaae iieo/ee iaiaeoth noiio, ca?aaeaaony aca?oii i?ien-
oiaeyuaai. Caeanue aea iiaeao iiyaeoueny eae au niaa?oaiii noi?ii-
iee /aeiaae, eioi?ue yeiau , /oi auea?aaoee iiaeaey-
aeae, eoaea ni?yoai oa?ee, a iaiaoiaeeii ia?aea?aoue.

A ethaii neo/aa caeanue ianooiaao ciaiaiaoaeueiue iiiaio. Ia
noeaia iiyaeythony ?aaeueiua aeaiueae aea?oau. Aeaiueae aeey ia/aea
nianai iaaieueoea – iieiaeia iaeaiueeie noaaee. Aeaenoaey oee/-
iuo ineoieiaia a yoio iiiaio iai?aaeaiu ia oi, /oiau onuieoue
aaeeoaeueiinoue aea?oau e ia?aeoe e iieiiio aa . Aeaa-
iay caaea/a iioaiieeia – Iaeneiaeueii iooyiooue oio iiiaio, eia-
aea /aeiaae aeiaaaeaaony i aacunoiaeiinoe neooaoeee, e auaeoue ec iaai
ia oieueei aeaiueae, ii e ana, /oi i?e iai eiaaony oeaiiiai: /anu,
ia?o/aeueiia eieueoei e o. ae. YEa?oaa ana a?aiy aeieaeii eacaoueny, /oi
aio-aio oaeanony ioua?aoue oioy au /anoue.

Ea?atho oaa?aiii, niieieii. Io?aiytho eo
iaaeaaeiua aiaaeee, eioi?ua ia oieueei i?aaeoi?aaeaeatho, ii anee
iaaei, ioiauetho eo ec ?oe ieeeoeee. , a ioee/ea
io ea?oaaeiuo iioaiieeia, i?e caaea?aeaiee aaaeoo naay aa?an-
neaii.

A aca?oiie ea?a a ?aoeaoee nua?aoue ?eneoao i?iea-
?aoueny aae?uca e iioa?youe ana naie aeaiueae.

A aeaea caaeaenoaiaaiu , aaaeouee ea?u, e iiaenoaaiua
ea?iee, iiaeoeanouaathuea aca?o o iaaethaeathueo caaae.

A ea/anoaa aenannoa?ia eai?iiai eniieuecotho-
ny iaaieueoie noieee, e aeaoiiu. Ia aeaoiiao i?inoaaea-
ia noiia /enae, eioi?ay niioaaonoaoao oie, /oi auiaaeao i?e nai?a
eoaeeia.

Ia/eiaaony ea?a n i?eia?aoaiey aeaoiiia, noieiinoue eioi?uo
eieaaeaony io 1 aei 10 ?oaeae. Eiaaea noaaee naeaeaiu, a?i-
naao e iiaen/eouaaao auiaaooth noiio /enae. Anee aea au-
ea?uo iae ia neo/aeiiai ea?iea, oi n oaeie aea noiiie ieacuaa-
aony aeaoii e o iiaenoaaiiai. Oiaaea iauyaeyao, /oi auea-
?uo iiaeii iiaeaeeoue. Ii anee iaeei ec ea?ieia oaeaaeaaao noaaeo,
oi aoi?ie aeieaeai iineaaeiaaoue aai i?eia?o. A i?ioeaiii neo/aa
ioeacaaoeeny i?iaeieaeaoue ea?o oa?yao auea?uo. Iiaenoaaiie n?a-
co aea ioeacuaaaony aeaeeoue aeaiueae e aeaeaao noaaeo, oi anoue oaeaae-
aaao noiio. Anee aiineo aeaiueae, ea?a iaaeaeo ieie ai-
ciaiiaeyaony. Niiaa auae?athony aeaoiiu, a?inathony , e
iiiaueo iaieo auiaaeaao iaeeiaeiaay noiia. E oae aei oao ii?,
iiea o aea?oau ia iionoaao eioaeae.

12 Ao. N821

Auea?uoiua aeaoiiu, eaaeaeue ?ac ieacuaathueany o iiaenoaa-
iiai ea?iea, ni?yoaiu o iaai a ea?iaia. Iiaenoaaiie niieieii ec-
aeaeaao aeaoii, iaiaoiaeeiue a aeaiiue iiiaio.

I?ia?ann ia iaoiaeeo noi?iiie yoio aeae iaeeiai e?eieiaeueii-
ai aeciana. Aio /oi ?anneacaea aeo?iaeenoea iaeiie ec iineianeeo

Aacao.


auiaae, ?acei aoaeoeoa a aua?aiiii aaie iai?aaeaiee, noa?aynue

au?aaoueny ec ie?oaeaiey.

A-o?aoueeo, i?e nicaeaiee oa?iaeathuae ianoaiiaee, eiaaea oe-
ce/aneiai ianeeey ia ecaaaeaoue, iaiaoiaeeii ia?aui aoaeiaaoue
i?ioeaieea, iaiany oi?aaeaeathuee oaea? ii naiiio iianiiio ec
iaiaaeathueo, a neaaeothuee – ii i?ioeaieeo, iaiueoa anaai iaee-
aeathuaio aoaee a naith noi?iio.

Iinoa?aeoanue ioaea/ue aieiaiea i?ioeaieea a?iieei e?eeii,
i?inueaie i iiiiue, aiacaiii a?ineoue aio a eeoei aieiaiie oai?

eee ae?oaie i?aaeiao.

A aeaeueiaeoai aeaenoaoeoa ii ianoiyoaeuenoaai, n o/aoii au-
oaeceiaeaiiuo i?aaee.

Aeey caueou io i?anooiieeia oe?ieia ?acaeoea iieo/eei aa-
aiaia i?oaeea, ii?aaeathuaa iaiaaeathuaai ay?icieueiui ^ ^
eee aaciaui iaeaeii: aaciaua ienoieaou e ?aaieueaa?u,

iaoaie/aneea ?aniueeoaee e ay?icieueiua ono?ienoaa, nia?yaeai-
iua neacioi/eauie ?acae?aaeathueie aauanoaaie CS e CN (?ac?a-
oaiiuie Ieienoa?noaii cae?aaiio?aiaiey ?inneeneie Oaaea?a-
oeee).

Ia?aue aii?in, eioi?ue aeieaeai ?aoeoue aeey naay a?aaeaeaiei,

aeaeathuee iacaaanoenue aaciaui n?aaenoaii naiicaueou: aeinoaoi/-
ii ee aio ay?icieueiiai ono?ienoaa (aaciaiai aaeeii/eea e o. ae.)

eee iaiaoiaeeii no?aeythuaa ono?ienoai.

Aeinoieinoaa ay?icieueiuo ono?ienoa – yoi eo iaaieueoie aan, :

aaaa?eou (/oi i/aiue aaaeii aeey iinoiyiiiai iioaiey), i?inoioa !
i?eia?aoaiey (?ac?aoaiey i?aaiia aioo?aiieo aeae ia o?aaoaony),
aeaoaaecia (iaaunieay noieiinoue e ia iaaei ieaoeoue ca eeoeaiceth).
Iaiaeiaaaeiuie yaeythony i?inoioa eniieueciaaiey, iinoiyiiay
aioiaiinoue e aeaenoaeth, aeinoaoi/iay yooaeoeaiinoue ia aeenoaioee-
yo, oa?aeoa?iuo aeey iau/iuo eiioeeeoiuo neooaoeee.

Anee i?aeiouanoaa ay?icieueiuo ono?ienoa aan oaaaeeee – io-
i?aaeyeoanue a aeeaeaeoee niaoeeaeece?iaaiiue iaaacei. Ionoue
aan ia naeaaao n oieeo oe?ioa auai?a ay?icieueiuo aaeeii/eeia
eiii?oiiai e ioa/anoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa: niaea?aeeiia aaeeii-
/eeia ?acee/aaony iaiueoa, /ai eo ioi?ieaiea. Ana aaeeii/eee
niaea?aeao iaeei e oio aea e??eoaio CS e CN. A eo oeaia a cia/eoaeue-
iie noaiaie ii?aaeaeyaony niaea?aeaieai (iauaiii) aeoeaiie eii-
iiceoeee.

Iiaui iiuiui n?aaenoaii aaciaie naiiiai?iiu ca?aeiiai-
aeiaaee naay ia?oeiaua ay?icieueiua aaeeii/eee oeia PUNCH e
ae?oaea. Eo ninoaa, ia iaoo?aeueiii eaeaineii
ia?oea, aaeeo n iia ethaiai. Iaiaaeathuee oa?yao niiniaiinoue ae-
aeaoue, aai aaee noaei?iaeii cae?uaathony, e aeaaea i?e iiiuoea eo
ioe?uoue ii ie/aai ia aeaeeo. E?iia oiai, aai ioaaouaaao iaeiio-
?iee?oaiue eaoaeue. Ay?icieue ia/eiaao aeaenoaiaaoue i?aeoe/a-
nee iaiiaaiii. A iaiaaeathuee ia iiaeao i?eeoe a naay a oa/aiea

20-30 ieioo.

Ianiio?y ia aunieoth noieiinoue, iie auaiaeii ioee/athony io

aaeeii/eeia, nia?yaeaiiuo aacii CS, CN, oae eae yooaeoeaii
aeaenoaotho ia ethaeae n aunieei (iaoiaeyueo-
ny iiae aeeyieai aeeiaiey eee ia?eioeeia, ineoe/anee aieueiuo),

a oaeaea ia niaae e aeeeeo aeeaioiuo.

Iaeiaei naiui nouanoaaiiui iaaeinoaoeii ay?icieueiuo aae-
eii/eeia (ii oa?aeoa?ai e aeey aaciauo ?aaieueaa?ia e ienoiea-
oia) yaeyaony neiaeiinoue, a ii?ie e iaaiciiaeiinoue eo i?eiaia-
iey a cae?uouo iiiauaieyo (aaoiiiaeea, eaa?oe?a, eeooa,
iiaeuacaea e o. i.) – aeaaeaeaoe aaciaiai i?oaeey iiaeao nai iiaeaa?a-
iooueny aicaeaenoaeth e??eoaioa ec-ca iaaiciiaeiinoe n?aco ioaa-
aeaoue a noi?iio eee oaaaeaoue n ianoa eiioeeeoiie neooaoeee.

Yoiai iaaeinoaoea iiaeii ecaaaeaoue, i?eia?aoy ono?ienoai aei-
ce?iaaiiiai ?aniueaiey .

Iaaacei nia?yaeaaony iyoueth , i?aaenoaa-
eythueie ec naay iaeiaaaa?eoiua iaeii?aciaua ay?icieueiua aae-
eii/eee, cai?aaeaiiua aeeaeeinoueth n e??eoaioii. I?e eaaeaeii
auno?aea i?iecaiaeeony oeaeaiai?aaeaiiia iaoaiea e??eoaioa ia
A,–,\ aeaeueiinoue aei oanoe iao?ia. Yooaeoeaiay aeaeueiinoue – aei
IJ.356}] /aou?ao iao?ia. E??eoaio iaiiaaiii aeaenoaoao ia neece-

nooth iaiei/eo aeac, ia iiniaeioeo /aeiaaea, ieacuaay aeaiyeia
aeaenoaea: iaiaaeathuee oa?yao niiniaiinoue aeaeaoue, aai aeaca noaei-
?iaeii cae?uaathony, e aeaaea i?e iiiuoea ioe?uoue eo ii ie/aai ia
aeaeeo, oae eae io?aaeythuee ninoaa ?anoe?yao eaieeey?iua ni-
noaeu aeac e i?eaiaeeo e a?aiaiiiio ineaieaieth; iaiaaeathuaai io-
aaouaaao iaeiio?iee?oaiue eaoaeue, aucaaiiue aeaenoaeai e?-
?eoaioa ia i?aaiu aeuoaiey.

Aeaaiaea?y oeaeaiai?aaeaiiiio aeaenoaeth iaiaaeathuee, a au ia iiaeaa?aaaoanue aeaenoaeth e??eoaioa.

Aunieay yooaeoeaiinoue, iiiaica?yaeiinoue, aanooiiinoue, io-
noonoaea ioaea/e, , aunieay oi/iinoue iiiaaeaiey a
oeaeue, aaciianiinoue, iiaeoaa?aeaeaiiay na?oeoeeaoii, aiciiaeiinoue
i?eia?aoaiey ii i?aaeeai, i?aaeoniio?aiiui aeey ay?icieueiuo
aaeeii/eeia (aac ?aoeaicee), a oaeaea i?eiaiaiea a ethauo onei-
aeyo ii?aaeaeeee aieueoie ni?in a?aaeaeai ia eae n?aaenoai

naiicaueou.

Oe?iei aiaea/aiu a ia?auaiea aaciaua ?aaieueaa?u e ienoi-
eaou ioa/anoaaiiiai e eiino?aiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. E eo aeinoiei-
noaai ioiinyony: ineoieiae/aneia aicaeaenoaea, ieacuaaaiia eae
aiaoiei aeaeii, oae e ooiicaoeiaui yooaeoii; ianeieueei aieue-
oay, /ai o ay?icieueiuo ono?ienoa, aeaeueiinoue aeaenoaey; /oanoai
oaa?aiiinoe, aiooaaiia aeaaeaeueoeo. ?aaieueaa? i?iua e iaaeaaeiaa
ienoieaoa e ia ciaao caaea?aeae i?e no?aeueaa, aucaaiiuo oouea-
ieai, eee ia?aeinia iao?iia, iaaua?anuaaieai aeeuecu, iaiooi-
aeii iacaae iiaeaeaeiuo /anoae e o. i. I?e auai?a ?aaieueaa?a iiae-
ii inoaiiaeoue naie auai? ia ia?aii na?oeoeoee?iaaiiii a ?innee
aaciaii 9-ieeeiao?iaii ?aaieueaa?a IOe?A-1, ?ac?aaioaiiii
Ooeueneei OeEEA nii?oeaii-ioioie/ueaai i?oaeey. Ii iiaieth nia-
oeeaeenoia, yoio ?aaieueaa? aunieiyooaeoeaai, iaaeaaeai e i?ino a
ia?auaiee. Ia iaai aeaaony, a ioee/ea io caiaaeiuo ia?acoeia, iy-
oeeaoiyy aa?aioey. Ii ia onooiaao eiii?oiui ia?acoeai, a ii
i?i/iinoiui oa?aeoa?enoeeai e ieieiaeueiiio aieiaiio yooae-
oo i?aainoiaeeo eo.

Iiioey?iu e eiii?oiua ia?acoeu aaciauo ?aaieueaa?ia e ien-
oieaoia (?A-9, iaaioi, eiiaao, aaeueoa? II, aaeueoa? IIE, aaaio,
eia?a e ae?.). Iie eiatho oi?ioea oa?aeoa?enoeee, i?eaeaeaoaeue-
iue aeecaei, ii aei?iae, ia eiatho aa?aioee, e a neo/aa ioeaca, ii-
eiiee aicieeatho o?oaeii ?aoaaiua i?iaeaiu n eo ?aiiioii, a
oaeaea iie i?iecaaaeaiu ec iaeaa/aiiuo iaoaeeia, ia auaea?aeeaa-
thueo aieueoeo iaa?ocie.

Iao/eoueny ia?auaoueny n aaciaui i?oaeeai iiaeii a o/aaiii
oeaio?a AOAAe. Iao/aiea i?iaeieaeaaony anaai iaeei aa/a?. Aeey ii-
| eo/aiey eeoeaicee ia i?eia?aoaiea aaciauo ?aaieueaa?ia (ienoi-
[ eaoia) ioaeii ia?aoeoueny a ?aeiiiia Oi?aaeaiea aioo?aiieo aeae
e i?aaenoaaeoue ianii?o eee ae?oaie aeieoiaio, oaeinoiaa?ythuee
ee/iinoue, aeaa oioia?aoee 3o4 ni, ni?aaeo i i?ioiaeaeaiee eo?na
iao/aiey, eaeoaioeeth i aianaiiie iieaoa ca eeoeaiceth e ainiio-
eeio, ni?aaeo io ia?eieiaa e ineoiiaa?ieiaa.

Eiathony a i?iaeaaea oaeaea aia?eeaineea e yiiineea iiaaii-
aenoieaou – io ea?iaiiuo aei naiuo aieueoeo.

A aeaea iaania/aiey naiiiai?iiu iaeuecy ia oiiiyiooue e
> oae iacuaaaiuo ioaa/ao – ienoieaoao, eioi?ua oieueei

ecaeatho no?aeythuee caoe. Naiue aeinooiiue ec ieo – neaiaeue-
iue ienoieao . E yoie aea a?oiia ioiinyony e aaeeii/eee,
ecaeathuea i?e iaaeaoee ia eieia/ie caoe /anoioie 3,5 eAoe e a?ii-
einoueth 95 Aeoea. ?ac?aaio/eee ooaa?aeaeatho, /oi ino?iiai?aaeai-
iia aeaenoaea ia iaiaaeathuaai iiaeao i?eaanoe e iieiie iioa?a ei-
i?aeeiaoeee a i?ino?ainoaa. Aeaenoaea aai iniiaaii ia i?ioiaeaea-
iee aaca /a?ac oi?noieo. Aaeeii/ee iiiaie?aoiiai iieueciaaiey:

aai iiaeii ia?aca?yaeaoue.

Iiaeii i?eia?anoe ?aeaoieoeu, eioi?ua auioneaao Eia?ia-
neee caaiae. Aeey iaeioi?uo ec ieo i?e iieoiea o?aaoaony ioioie-
/ee aeeao, ii anoue e oaeea, eioi?ua aeinooiiu anai aeaeathuei.
ss?eay aniuoea i?iecaiaeeo ioaeiieythuee ineoieiae/aneee
yooaeo. E oiio aea iia eeoaao iaiaaeathuaai aiciiaeiinoe oi/ii
i?eoeaeeoueny eee caiaoiooueny, oae eae ii aoeaaeueii ineaieai.

Caoeiaie aaeeii/ee Signal of anxiety () aue
ecia?aoai a Aiaeee a 1967 aiaeo. Ii ecaanoai ca ?oaaaeii e iieueco-
aony ia?iiiie iiioey?iinoueth aieaa 25 eao. Eniieuecoaony ii eae
n?aaenoai eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie caueou aeey aeaiuei, aeaoae e ethaeae ii-
aeeeiai aic?anoa.

– yoi iaaieueoie aaeeii/ee, niaea?aeauee
aaciianiue eia?oiue aac, aiaoia iiiaei ii iaiiieiaao aaciaue
aaeeii, ii a ioee/ea io iaai ia no?aeyao aacii,
a ca n/ao nicaeaaaaiiai aioo?e aeaaeaiey ecaeaao aunieee i?iice-
oaeueiue caoe, o?iaaiue eioi?iai aeinoeaaao 95 Aeoea (aeey n?aaiaiey:

?aaioathuee aeaeaaoaeue ?aaeoeaiiai naiieaoa 1180 Aeoea).
Aeaenoaoao ono?ienoai i/aiue i?inoi. A neo/aa iianiinoe neaaeoao
?ano?oa aaeeiia (ioaa?noea, ioeoaea enoiaeeo caoe) iai?aaeoue a noi-
?iio iaiaaeathuaai ia aan /aeiaaea e iaaeaoue ia eiiieo. Aeaoona-
eoiaeiiai iaaeaoey aoaeao aiieia aeinoaoi/ii, /oiau i?eaanoe ia-
iaaeathuaai a ninoiyiea e?aoeia?aiaiiiai oiea. Iaeiinaeoiaeiiai
iaaeaoey aeinoaoi/ii aeey oiai, /oiau ioioaiooue aeeaioiia.

Caoeiaay ne?aia o?aaiae eiaao ?yae nouanoaaiiuo i?aeio-
uanoa ia?aae aaeeii/eeaie n ?acae?aaeathuei aacii, ath iiaeii
iieueciaaoueny i?e iai?aaeaiee aao?a a aaoo noi?iio, eniieueci-
aaoue a cae?uouo oceeo iiiauaieyo.

?ac?aoaiey ia iioaiea eae n?aaenoaa na-
iicaueou ia o?aaoaony.

Yeaeo?ioiea? – ono?ienoai n yeaeo?e/aneei eiiaeainaoi?ii
aieueoie aieinoe e aeaoiy ino?uie oou?yie aeey ?ac?yaea /a?ac
oaei aoaeothuaai /aeiaaea. Iau/ii eiaao aeae ieineie aeeeiiie

ei?iaee eee aeoaeiee.

Eniieuecothony iaeiica?yaeiua eee iiiaica?yaeiua yeaeo?ioi-
ea?u, a oaeaea eiathuea i?eniiniaeaiea aeey iia?aoeaiiai ca?y-
aea (aeeiaii-iaoeio, ?aaioathuoth io naeaoey eenoe ?oee).

Yeaeo?ioiea? yooaeoeaai i?e aiacaiiii eniieueciaaiee i?i-
oea iaeeii/iiai i?ioeaieea.

Oaea oiiieiaaoeeny caeii ia i?oaeee cai?auaao i?iaeaaeo a
ea/anoaa neoaeaaiiai e a?aaeaeaineiai i?oaeey ioioie/ueeo ?oaeae,
aeeeia eioi?uo iaiaa 80 ni, a oaeaea eiathueo eiino?oeoeeth, ii-
caieythuoth i?oaeea neeaaeuaaoue, naeaeaaoue, oeeaaeuaaoue eee ?ac-
^.–e ae?aoue e i?e yoii ia oa?ythueo niiniaiinoe no?aeyoue; ia-
IJ3583J iano?aeueiiai i?oaeey, eioi?ia eiaao oi?io, eieoe?oth-

uoth ae?oaea i?aaeiaou, eanoaoia e ae?oaeo i?aaeiaoia oaea?ii-ae?i-
ayuaai aeaenoaey; aiacaiania n ioeyie a?iiaaieiiai, caaeeaaoaeue-
iiai eee ?ac?uaiiai aeaenoaey, a oaeaea aiacaiania n ae?iaiauie
nia?yaeaie aeey ienoieaoia e ?aaieueaa?ia. .

E ianneaiui n?aaenoaai naiiiai?iiu iiaeii ioianoe a?iiaaee-
eaou. AEeeao ia?aiai eeanna caueuaao io eiethuaai, ?aaeouaai e
eiethuaai i?oaeey, a oaeaea io oaea?ia oyaeaeuie i?aaeiaoaie. Aio
ia no?aoai ino?ue, eae a?eoaa, iiae, oaea? eanoaoii eee ia?aceii
o?oau, iaeiaei ioey, auiouaiiay ec eaeiai-ieaoaeue
eee , niieieii i?iaeu?yaeo oaeie aeeeao.

Io ioeue iacaaiiuo ia?ie i?oaeey, a oaeaea aeinoaoi/ii ?ani?i-
no?aiaiiiai 9-ai eaeea?a iaaeaaeii caueuaao aeeeao
aoi?iai eeanna. Enoaoe, ii yaeyaony iaeaieaa eaaeei ec anao na-
?eeii auioneaaiuo a?iiaaeeeaoia – aaneo anaai /ooue aieaa ii-
eooi?a eeeia?aiiia. A iai aac iai?yaeaiey iiaeii i?ioiaeeoue aanue
aeaiue.

O?aoee eeann ia iyoue-naiue n iieiaeiie eeeia?aiiia.
Ii caueuaao io ethaiai aeaea eiao?iiai i?oaeey ni noaiaea?oiie
ioeae. Ii oaea ia?aae ioioie/ueei ?oaeueai, ia?acii, ien-
oieaoii-ioeaiaoii. Aeey oiai /oiau caueoeoueny io ioeue aeeeiii-
noaieueiiai e aeaaeeinoaieueiiai i?oaeey, o?aaoaony aeeeao /aoaa?*
oiai eeanna. I?aaaea, aanue aeaiue a iai oaea ia i?ioiaeeoue. Aaneo ii
aeaayoue eeeia?aiiia.

Iyoue e oanoie eeannu – naiay caueoa. Yoe aee-
eaou auaea?aeeaatho ia oieueei ioee ienoieaoa, ?oaeuey, ii e aaoi-
iaoioth i/a?aaeue (aeey n?aaiaiey: anee ia/aeueiay yia?aey ioee ie-
noieaoa ninoaaeyao 308 Aeae, aaoiiaoa Eaeaoieeiaa –
2105 Aeae). Niaoeeaeenou ooaa?aeaeatho, /oi a?iiaaeeeaou aeaoo iin-
eaaeieo eeannia – naiua i?i/iua a ie?a. Aeaei a oii, /oi aaoiiao
Eaeaoieeiaa, aanueia iiioey?iue a ?innee, aei neo ii? inoaaony
?aei?aeniaiii ii ia/aeueiie yia?aee ioeue. Ionthaea – e aieaa ni-
aa?oaiiay caueoa.

A?iiaaeeeaou i?aaenoaaeytho niaie eiiiiceoeee ec iaoaeea,
eaaea?a, ieanoeea e aeaaea ea?aieee. A?acaaoenue a oaeoth caue-
oo, ioee inoathony a iae.

Iineieueeo io ea/anoaa ecaeaeey iai?yioth caaeneo aeeciue aai
aoaeouaai aeaaeaeueoea, eaaeaeue ec ieo i?ioiaeeo eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue
eiio?ieue e iiiaie?aoiua eniuoaiey. Ethaie a?iiaaeeeao eiaao
naie iiia?iie ciae, e any aai , io ia/aea aei eiioea, oee-
ne?oaony a niaoeeaeueiii aeieoiaioa.

Ia?a/eneei ianeieueei oeiia ioa/anoaaiiuo a?iiaaeeeaoia.

Naiua eaaeea ne?uoua a?iiaaeeeaou iacuaatho . Ana
aai iiaeeoeeaoeee aeiaieueii eaaeea (io 3,5aei 6,5 ea), iinyony iiae
?oaaoeie. Eae iieacuaaao i?aeoeea, /aeiaae n ii?iaeueiui oe-
ce/aneei ?acaeoeai iiaeao ainaiue /ania i?aauaaoue a ainueieee-
eia?aiiiaii a?iiaaeeeaoa.

– n aeaeo iau/iay aeeeaoea. Aa iiaeii iaeaoue iiae ieae-
aeae. n aeinoeioeyoi?ii, eioi?ue iiaeaao neaaue yeaeo-
?ica?yae ia iuooeu nieiu, nieiathuee iai?yaeaiea e onoaeinoue
ni anaai oaea. – iniiaiie a?iaeneee aeeeao n iiuiie ca-
ueoie nieiu e a?oaee io aaoiiaoiie ioee. Iaoaeee/aneea ^–>.
ieanoeiu ia iai ?aniieaaathony aiaoeano – ii i?eioeeio Oe359]

aeiniaoian?aaeiaaaeiaiai ?uoea?y, /oi cia/eoaeueii oeo/oaao ia-
iaa?aiiinoue i?e aai eniieueciaaiee. A?iiaaeeeao nouanoaaiii ii-
iiaaao eeoue oiaaea, eiaaea iaaeaaaaony ia ia anyeee neo/ae, a aeey

eiie?aoiiai aeaea.

A oaia?ue iiciaeiiueoanue n i?aaeeaie i?eia?aoaiey, ?aaeno-
?aoeee e ia?auaiey niaoeeaeueiuo n?aaenoa naiiiai?iiu.

Iinoaiiaeaiea Niaaoa Ieieno?ia – I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?O io 11

oaa?aey 1993 aiaea ? 109:

Onoaiiaeoue /oi Ieienoa?noai aioo?aiieo aeae ?inneeneie Oa-
aea?aoeee e i?aaiu aioo?aiieo aeae ia ianoao inouanoaeytho eiio-
?ieue ca ii?yaeeii ?aaeecaoeee, i?eia?aoaiey, ia?aaicee, o?aiaiey,
eniieueciaaiey niaoeeaeueiuo n?aaenoa naiiiai?iiu, ca ooieoeei-
ie?iaaieai iaaaceiia ii i?iaeaaea niaoeeaeueiuo n?aaenoa naiiiai-
?iiu.

I?aai i?eia?aoaiey, o?aiaiey e iioaiey niaoeeaeueiuo n?aaenoa

naiiiai?iiu eiatho a?aaeaeaia, aeinoeaoea ainaiiaaeoeaoeeaoiaai
aic?anoa e naeaaoea ca/aou ii ciaieth i?aaee iieueciaaiey aeaiiu-
ie n?aaenoaaie. Eiee/anoai niaoeeaeueiuo n?aaenoa naiiiai?iiu, ei-
oi?ia iiaeao eiaoue a?aaeaeaiei ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, ia ia?aie-
/eaaaony.

Niaoeeaeueiua n?aaenoaa naiiiai?iiu, aeeth/ay ay?icieueiua

oiaeiaee i?eia?aoathony e eniieuecothony a?aaeaeaiaie oieueei aeey
oeaeae naiiiai?iiu e a niioaaonoaee n Eino?oeoeeae, i?eeaaaaiie
e oiio eee eiiio niaoeeaeueiiio n?aaenoao.

?ac?aoaiea ia i?eia?aoaiea, o?aiaiea e iioaiea niaoeeaeue-
iuo n?aaenoa naiiiai?iiu (e?iia ay?icieueiuo oiaeiaie) auaea-
aony i?aaiaie aioo?aiieo aeae a?aaeaeaiai, naeaaoei ca/aou ii
ciaieth i?aaee iieueciaaiey aeaiiuie n?aaenoaaie. Iao/aiea i?a-
aeeai iieueciaaiey niaoeeaeueiuie n?aaenoaaie naiiiai?iiu, oao-
ieea aaciianiinoe, a oaeaea ciaieyi iaoa?eaeueiie /anoe inoua-
noaeyaony ia eo?nao, nicaeaaaaiuo i?aaiaie aioo?aiieo aeae.

?ac?aoaiea ia i?eia?aoaiea niaoeeaeueiuo n?aaenoa naiiiai-
?iiu auaeaaony a?aaeaeaiai i?aaiaie aioo?aiieo aeae n?ieii ia o?e
ianyoea. Ia eniieueciaaiiua a oeacaiiue n?ie ?ac?aoaiey iiaeea-
aeao aica?aoo a i?aai aioo?aiieo aeae.

Aeey iieo/aiey ?ac?aoaiey ia i?eia?aoaiea niaoeeaeueiuo
n?aaenoa naiiiai?iiu a?aaeaeaia i?aaenoaaeytho a i?aai aioo?aiieo
aeae: ianii?o eee eiie aeieoiaio, oaeinoiaa?ythuee ee/iinoue, caiie-
iaiioth ea?oi/eo-cayaeaiea; aeaa oioia?aoee 3o4 ni; ni?aaeo i naea-
/a ca/aoa ii ciaieyi i?aaee iieueciaaiey niaoeeaeueiuie n?aaenoaa-
ie naiiiai?iiu; eaeoaioeeth i aianaiiie ieaoa ca i?aai aeaaeaiey
niaoeeaeueiuie n?aaenoaaie naiiiai?iiu (ca eaaeaeoth aaeeieoeo). I?e
iinoaiiaea ia o/ao a i?aaiao aioo?aiieo aeae ii iiaiio ianoo aee-
oaeuenoaa aeaaeaeueoea ieaoa ia aceiaaony, anee n?ie ?aiaa auaeaiiiai
?ac?aoaiey ia o?aiaiea niaoeeaeueiiai n?aaenoaa ia enoae.

I?eia?aoaiiua a?aaeaeaiaie aaciaua ienoieaou e ?aaieueaa?u
a oa/aiea aeanyoe aeiae ni aeiy i?eia?aoaiey aeieaeiu auoue ca?aaen-
o?e?iaaiu a i?aaiao aioo?aiieo aeae ii ianoo aeeoaeuenoaa aeaaeaeue-
oea n iieo/aieai ?ac?aoaiey ia eo o?aiaiea e iioaiea. ?ac?a-
oaiea ia o?aiaiea e iioaiea auaeaaony i?aaiaie aioo?aiieo aeae
, L n?ieii ia o?e aiaea. ?aaeno?aoeey ay?icieueiuo oiaeiaie ia
[360]] i?iecaiaeeony.

Aeey iieo/aiey ?ac?aoaiey ia o?aiaiea e iioaiea niaoeeaeue-
iuo n?aaenoa naiiiai?iiu eo aeaaeaeueoeu i?aaeinoaaeytho a i?aaiu
aioo?aiieo aeae aeoaeeeao ?ac?aoaiey ia i?eia?aoaiea n ioiao-
eie iaaaceia i i?iaeaaea niaoeeaeueiiai n?aaenoaa naiiiai?iiu. ?ac-
?aoaiea ia o?aiaiea e iioaiea niaoeeaeueiiai n?aaenoaa naiiiai-
?iiu iiaeao auoue auaeaii eaaeaeiio /eaio naiuee, eiathuaio i?aai
ia oaeia ?ac?aoaiea. I?aaiaie aioo?aiieo aeae ia auaeathony ?ac-
?aoaiey ia i?eia?aoaiea, o?aiaiea e iioaiea aaciiia?iiai eee
naiiaeaeueiiai niaoeeaeueiiai n?aaenoaa naiiiai?iiu.

Iao?iiu e aaciaui ienoieaoai e ?aaieueaa?ai i?eia?aoatho-
ny a?aaeaeaiaie a niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo iaaaceiao ii i?aaeuyaea-
iee ?ac?aoaiey i?aaiia aioo?aiieo aeae ia o?aiaiea e iioaiea
oeacaiiuo n?aaenoa.

?ac?aoaiea ia i?iaeaaeo, i?eia?aoaiea, o?aiaiea e iioaiea
niaoeeaeueiuo n?aaenoa naiiiai?iiu ioa/anoaaiiiai eee ca?oaaae-
iiai i?iecaiaenoaa auaeaaony i?aaiaie aioo?aiieo aeae oieueei i?e
iaee/ee na?oeoeeaoa onoaiiaeaiiiai ia?acoea ia oio eee eiie aeae
niaoeeaeueiiai n?aaenoaa naiiiai?iiu.

Aeey i?iaeeaiey ?ac?aoaiey ia o?aiaiea e iioaiea niaoeeaeue-
iuo n?aaenoa naiiiai?iiu (ia?a?aaeno?aoeee) aeaaeaeaoe iaycai ca
iaeei ianyoe aei enoa/aiey n?iea aeaenoaey ?ac?aoaiey ia?aoeoueny
a ianoiua i?aaiu aioo?aiieo aeae, i?aaeuyaea niaoeeaeueiia n?aae-
noai naiiiai?iiu (aaciaua ienoieaou e ?aaieueaa?u) e neaaeothuea
aeieoiaiou: cayaeaiea ia eiy ia/aeueieea i?aaiia aioo?aiieo aeae
n i?inueaie ia?a?aaeno?e?iaaoue eiathuaany o iaai niaoeeaeueiia
n?aaenoai naiiiai?iiu; eaeoaioeeth i aianaiiie ieaoa ca ia?a?aae-
no?aoeeth niaoeeaeueiiai n?aaenoaa naiiiai?iiu.

I?e o?aiaiee e iioaiee niaoeeaeueiiai n?aaenoaa naiiiai?i-
iu a?aaeaeaia aeieaeiu iaania/eoue oneiaey o?aiaiey, eneeth/ath-
uea aai ooa?th, naiii?iecaieueiia aeaenoaea e aiciiaeiinoue oeua-
iey.

Ai anao neo/ayo i?e iioaiee niaoeeaeueiiai n?aaenoaa naiiiai-
?iiu (ca eneeth/aieai ay?icieueiie oiaeiaee) aeaaeaeaoe iaycai
eiaoue i?e naaa ?ac?aoaiea i?aaiia aioo?aiieo aeae ia i?aai aai
o?aiaiey e iioaiey.

?ac?aoaiey ia i?eia?aoaiea, o?aiaiea e iioaiea niaoeeaeue-
iuo n?aaenoa naiiiai?iiu i?aaiaie aioo?aiieo aeae ia auaeathony,
a auaeaiiua aiioee?othony o eeoe:

ninoiyueo ia o/aoa a i?aaiao cae?aaiio?aiaiey ii iiaiaeo ine-
oe/aneeo caaieaaaiee, aeeiaieecia eee ia?eiiaiee;

niaa?oeaoeo iiaoi?ii a oa/aiea aiaea aaeieieno?aoeaiia i?a-
aiia?ooaiea, iinyaathuaa ia iauanoaaiiue ii?yaeie, ceioiio?aa-
eythueo nie?oiuie iaieoeaie;

eiathueo iaiiaaoaiioth eee ia niyooth a onoaiiaeaiiii ii-
?yaeea noaeeiinoue ca oyaeeea i?anooieaiey, a oaeaea ca i?anooiea-
iey, niaa?oaiiua n i?eiaiaieai iaiano?aeueiiai i?oaeey eee
ac?ua/aouo aauanoa;

inoaeaeaiiuo e eeoaieth naiaiaeu, oneiaii inoaeaeaiiuo e on-
eiaii inaiaiaeaeaiiuo ec iano eeoaiey naiaiaeu n iaycaoaeueiui
i?eaea/aieai e o?oaeo;

naiinoiyoaeueii eciaieaoeo eiino?oeoeeth niaoeeaeueii-
ai n?aaenoaa naiiiai?iiu.

A oaia?ue ianeieueei niaaoia caueou:

Aaciaue aaeeii/ee.
Anee au ana?ueac icaai/aiu naiae ee/iie aaciianiinoueth, aaoa

ee/iia i?oaeea naiicaueou aeieaeii auoue ixoc-aiyiii iiae ?oeie,

oae /oiau ei iieueciaaoueny aac caieiee.

A aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa oe?iu-ecaioiaeoaee i?eaeatho eiioae-
ia?ai, niaea?aeauei aac, oi?io, eioi?ay iicaieyao a?aoue eo ia iuoiue
oae, /oiau aieueoie iaeaoe ?oee eaa ia ioneiaoth i?iaeo, a ioaa?-
noea ?aniueeoaey ieacaeinue iai?aaeaiiui a noi?iio i?ioeaieea.

Iaeneiaeueiay yooaeoeaiinoue ?aniueaiiie no?oe aeinoeaaao-
ny ia ?annoiyiee aeaoo-o?ao iao?ia io ioaa?noey ?aniueeoaey. Cia-
iea yoeo ?annoiyiee iicaieeo aai i?aaeeueii aua?aoue iiiaio aoa-
ee, n oai /oiau n iieiie neeie eniieueciaaoue caueoiua naienoaa

i?oaeey.

Neeueiue ano?a/iue aaoa? nieaeaao aeaeueiinoue ?annaeaaiey aaca

e aeaeaao aai iianiui aeey naiiai iai?iiythuaainy. Eiaeoa yoi a
aeaeo e iinoa?aeoanue ca?aiaa i?ee?uoue eeoei iiniaui ieaoeii,

ii?ooaeai, ?oeaaii a e?aeiai neo/aa.

Iaeaieueoee yooaeo ay?icieueiay aoaea aeaao i?e iaiiaaiiuo

(0,5 nae) aua?inao aaciaie no?oe i?yii a eeoei i?ioeaieeo.

Caian ay?iciey, iaoiaeyueeny a iiaii, iieiinoueth cai?aaeai-
iii aaeeii/eea, iicaieyao naeaeaoue a n?aaeiai 15-20 ioneia i?i-
aeieaeeoaeueiinoueth a 0,5 nae.

Aea?aeeoa aaeeii/ee no?iai aa?oeeaeueii. Aeey yoiai anoue aeaa

i?e/eiu. Ia?aay – oae oaeiaiaa i?eoeaeeaaoueny e iai?aaeyoue aa-
ciaoth no?oth a ioaeioth oi/eo. Aoi?ay – a ia?aaa?iooii eee ii?i-
eeiooii iieiaeaiee aaeeii/eea ?aniueeoaeue iiaeao caoeaaiooue-
ny e ioeacaoue.

Oi/ea i?eoeaeeaaiey a iiiaio iaaeaoey ia eiiieo ?aniuee-
oaey – eeoei iaiaaeathuaai: iiaeai?iaeie, ?io, iin, aeaca. Yoi iae-
aieaa oaeiaiua aeey ii?aaeaiey /anoe i?aaiecia. Aeaaea anee ay?i-
cieue ia cao?iiao aeaca, a iiiaaeao oieueei ia ieaeithth /anoue eeoea,

yooaeo aoaeao aeinoeaioo.

Iiaoi?iia iaaeaoea iicaieeo iai?iiythuaiony nei??aeoe?i-
aaoue i?eoeae e oneeeoue aicaeaenoaea.

Iiiieoa: aieaciaiiia iuouaiea o iaiaaeathuaai aicieeaao ii
iaiueoae ia?a /a?ac iyoue naeoiae iinea Iiiaaeaiey aaciaie niane
ia iacaueuaiiua eiaeiua iie?iau. Iiyoiio ia ioaaeoanue, anee
aai iieaaeaony, /oi aoaea ia iaianea i?ioeaieeo oua?aa.

O/eouaaeoa e oaeia iaiaeiaaaeiia ianoiyoaeuenoai: o ay?icieue-
iuo nianae anoue naie neaaua noi?iiu. Iai?eia?, iie iaithaeiiian-
iu e aeey iaiaaeathuaai, e aeey iai?iiythuaainy. Aac, caeeth/aiiue
a eiioaeia?a, ia aeaeaao auai?a iaaeaeo i?aaui e aeiiaaoui. Yoi
neaaeoao o/eouaaoue a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe inoua-
noaeoue ione ay?iciey a oaniuo iiiauaieyo – a eaaeiao eeooia,
a naeiia aaoiiiaeey, a eoia iiacaea. ?aniueaiiia a eaeii-oi i&-
i?aaeaiee aauanoai auno?i ?ani?ino?aieony ai ana noi?iiu e ii-
aeao ieacaoue aicaeaenoaea ia oao, eoi ieacaeny a yoii caieiooii
i?ino?ainoaa. A oii /enea e ia oiai, eoi i?eiaiee aac.

Ana yoi neaaeoao ciaoue aei oiai, eae au i?eieiaaoa ?aoaiea ia
f7==^ aeoeaiie iai?iia, /oiau ca?aiaa nei??aeoe?iaaoue naie
.362JJ aeaenoaey, a oii /enea e ianuuaiiinoue aaciaie no?oe.

Aaciaia i?oaeea. ,

Aaciaue ienoieao e aaeeii/ee ia ?aaiioeaiiu ii naiae iai?i-
ieoaeueiie oeaiiinoe.

Oi/iay eiiey aiaaiai ienoieaoa eee *ia?aaae-
eoi>, iai?aaeaiiay ia ceioiuoeaiieea, aeaaea anee ii aii?o-
aeai iaiano?aeueiui i?oaeeai, iaeaaeaao aanueia aunieeie oaaae-
aeathueie naienoaaie. Iineoa i?oaeea, ia i?eaeaeay aieiaiey,
eai a i?ioeaiii neo/aa ia aan iiaoo iaianoue n oeaeueth aai caoaa-
oa. Iiyoiio eo/oa anaai niioianoenue n aaoae oeao?ie e eiii-
eaeoeeae.

Niaoeeaeenou ?aeiiaiaeotho iineoue i?oaeea a ioe?uoie eiao?a
ia iiyna n eaaie noi?iiu eeai a iea/aaie eiao?a iiae iuoeie.

Iaiaoiaeeii iao/eoueny auno?i ecaeaeaoue aai e iai?aaeyoue a
i?iecaieueii aua?aiioth oeaeue, iaoiaeyuothny a 2-3 iao?ao io aan.

Ii ionoue iaee/ea i?oaeey ia anaeyao a aan eceeoiae naiioaa-
?aiiinoe. Eo/oa, anee a iau/iie ianoaiiaea au iio?aie?oaoanue
ecaeaeaoue ienoieao e i?eaioaaeeaaoueny e no?aeueaa. O/oeoa, ie/-
oi ia aicieeaao naii niaie, a oii /enea e iaauee i?aaeeueiiai ia-
?auaiey n i?oaeeai.

O?aie?iaee iaania/ao aai aaoiiaoeci aeaenoaee a neooaoeeyo,
eiaaea iao a?aiaie aeoiaoue i iaei/ao, a aieiaiea aaeeei.

I?e ia?auo aea i?eciaeao aioiayuaainy iaiaaeaiey i?iaeoiae-
oa oaeoeeo aeaenoaee e iinoa?aeoanue caiyoue iaeaieaa auaiaeioth aeey
iai?iiu iiceoeeth.

Ioaeaaaeoa i?aaeii/oaiea ianoo aieaa oaiiiio – ?aniieaaae-
oanue ia iiae oiia?ai, ia a inaauaiiie ciia, a a oaie aea?aaueaa. Ionoue
ia naaoo ieaaeoony iaiaaeathuea.

Noa?aeoanue anoaoue oae, /oiau ncaaee aan iaoiaeeeanue aeooay noa-
ia eaeiai-eeai no?iaiey. Yoi iicaieeo aai ana a?aiy aeaeaoue ia-
?aae niaie iaiaaeathuaai e eiaoue i?ee?uoue oue.

Ienoieao a aaoeo ?oeao – aeinoaoi/ii aaneee a?aoiaio aeaaea
aeey aii?oaeaiiiai a?iieeu. Anee a aai caiunae aoiaeeei oieueei
ia?aaeaiea, oi ieeaeiai ?aciia iieo/aoue ioeth o iaai iao. Iiyoi-
io aeaaea i?inoay aeaiiino?aoeey i?oaeey iiaeao ni?aaoue i?anooi-
iue caiunae.

Anee ia?aue iao?ii o aan ooiiaie, naeaeaeoa i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeue-
iue auno?ae a aicaeoo.

I?eiya ?aoaiea no?aeyoue, iinoa?aeoanue eniieueciaaoue i?oaeea

iaeaieaa yooaeoeaii.

No?aeyoue ia ii?aaeaiea aaciaui iao?iiii oeaeaniia?acii n aee-
noaioeee 3-3,5 iao?a.

Oeaeueoanue i?eia?ii a iiaeai?iaeie iaiaaeathuaai. Ne?oioeaciia
niaiauaiea ieoaie e oeaee ia iaycaoaeueii. Yeeein ?annaeaaiey
aaciaie no?oe aeinoaoi/ii aaeee, e auno?ae iaecaaaeii iae?iao

oeaeue.

Iineieueeo o?oaeii ?ann/eouaaoue ia iaiiaaiiia aeaenoaea ?ac-
ae?aaeathuaai eee ia?aeecothuaai aauanoaa, oneeueoa aai eiioeaio-
?aoeeth, i?iecaaaey iiaoi?iue auno?ae.

Iaiany ii?aaeaiea iaiaaeathuaio, ia n/eoaeoa naay iiaaaeeoa-
eai e ia i?eooieyeoa aaeeoaeueiinoe. O ceioiuoeaiieea iiaoo
ieacaoueny niiauieee, eioi?ua iaoiaeyony iaiiaeaeaeo. Ii- —
yoiio iinoa?aeoanue ia?aui aeaeii iinoaaeoue a ecaanoiinoue

i neo/eaoainy ieeeoeeth. Niiaueoa, aaea i?iecioae eioeeaeaio,

iieoeoa i?eiaou iaiaaeaaoaai.

Ia eneeth/aii, /oi e au iiaeaoa ieacaoueny aea?oaie iaiaaeaiey

n i?eiaiaieai aaciaiai i?oaeey. A yoii neo/aa ioaeii ieioii cae-
?uoue aeaca, iinoa?aoueny ia aeuoaoue e eae iiaeii auno?aa auoi- ,
aeeoue ec ieooaaoaai aan aaciaiai iaeaea a noi?iio i?ioea aao?a eee

a aieiaoth noi?iio io aai iai?aaeaiey.

Aeey eeeaeaeaoeee iineaaenoaee iiiaaeaiey oeie/aneeo aauanoa
ia aaoo eiaeo inoi?iaeii i?iiieieoa ii?aaeaiiua ianoa nooei ii-
eioaioeai, iiniaui ieaoeii eee ia?eae. Aeaeaa i?io?eoa ii?aaeai-
iua o/anoee nie?oii eee aiaeeie, caoai auiieoa eo aiaeie. iaeaaeaeo i?iaao?eoa e aunoe?aeoa.

N?aaee oao niaaoia, eioi?ua aeatho niaoeeaeenou ii eniieueciaa-
ieth n?aaenoa naiiiai?iiu, anoue e oaeie: aea?aeeoa i?oaeea iiaeaeue-
oa io aeaoae. Iao/eoanue iieueciaaoueny naiei i?oaeeai e iinoa?ae-
oanue ia iieaea/eoueny. Ii anee aaaea ana aea i?iecioea, noiaeoa iea-
caoue iiiiuue ?aiaiiio aei i?eauoey .

A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue neaaeoao ia?aaaouaaoue ?aiu, eioi?ua noaayo
iiae i?yioth oa?ico aeeciue ?aiaiiai eee aea iiaoo i?eaanoe e aic-
ieeiiaaieth oiea. E iei ioiinyony, aeaaiui ia?acii, a?oa?eaeue-
iua e?iaioa/aiey, oaeoouea, ioe?uoua ia?aeiiu einoae, o?aaiu
aieiaiiai iicaa e iicaiii/ieea. Eeoue iinea ia?aaioee oeacai-
iuo ?ai iiaeii i?enooieoue e ia?aaioea inoaeueiuo ?ai, ia?aei-
iia e iaiaa cia/eoaeueiuo e?iaioa/aiee.

Iaeaieaa iianiuie i?e iaiano?aeueiuo ?aiaieyo ianoaie a
i?aaiecia /aeiaaea yaeythony aieiaa, a?oaeiay e a?thoiay iiein-
oe. Iianiinoue yoeo ?aiaiee caeeth/aaony a iia?aaeaeaiee aeeciai-
ii aaaeiuo oeaio?ia e e?oiiuo a?oa?eaeueiuo ninoaeia.

I?e i?iieeathueo iaiano?aeueiuo ?aiaieyo a?oaeiie eeao-
ee oyaeaeui ineiaeiaieai yaeyaony iiiaaeaiea aicaeooa a ieaa-
?aeueioth iieinoue, /oi i?eaiaeeo e i?ae?auaieth ooieoeeiie?i-
aaiey iino?aaeaaoaai eaaeiai e aicieeiiaaieth oiea. A yoii neo-
/aa ia ioe?uooth ?aio a?oaeiie eeaoee iaiaaeeaiii iaeeaaeuaatho
aeaayuoth iiayceo n ia?eae, i?iieoaiiie ethaie iacueth eee aaca-
eeiii, /ai aeiaeaathony i?ae?auaiey iinooieaiey aicaeooa a
ieaa?aeueioth iieinoue. Aeaiiay iaieioeyoeey yaeyaony ?aoathuae
ia yoaia ieacaiey ia?aie iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue ?aiaiiio. ?aia-
iiai oeeaaeuaatho a iieoneaey/ai iieiaeaiee e n?i/ii o?ainii?-
oe?otho a aieueieoeo.

I?e iaiano?aeueiuo ?aiaieyo aeeaioa iianiinoue caeeth/aaony
a iia?aaeaeaiee i?aaiia a?thoiie iieinoe (ia/aiue, naeacaiea, ee-
oa/iee e o. ae.) e a aicieeiiaaiee iaeeueiuo e?iaioa/aiee. I?e
i?iieeathueo ?aiaieyo iiaoo auianoue i?aaiu a?thoiie iiein-
oe. A yoeo neo/ayo auiaaoea i?aaiu (naeueiee, eeoa/iee) ie a
eiai neo/aa ia neaaeoao iuoaoueny ai?aaeoue a a?thoioth iieinoue.
Eo neaaeoao i?ee?uoue noa?eeueiuie naeoaoeaie e naa?oo caaei-
oiaaoue. Iinea yoiai – oieiae ia aeeaio, n?i/iia o?ainii?oe?iaa-
;iea a aieueieoeo a eaaea/ai iieiaeaiee, n niaioouie a eieaiyo ii-
aaie.

Anee i?iecioei iia?aaeaeaiea iyaeeo oeaiae e ninoaeia aa?o-

,/,–e, ieo e ieaeieo eiia/iinoae, oi iinea ia?aaioee ?ai ?anoai-
[364JJ ?iu eiaea eee aeaceioeoee?othuei ?anoai?ii iaeeaaeuaaao-

ny ooaay aeaayuay iiaycea ia ?aio. I?e a?oa

iee iaiaoiaeeii iaeiaeaiea aeaooa auoa ian11T’111’110’1 ”’?0″0T4R’
Ii ioeoeeaeueiie noaoenoeea, aaeaaiaeii voa iia?aaeaeaiey.

oaaony aieaa 20 ouny/ ianaieoeaiie?iaaii iaoai i^PtW aiea?-
aeeeeua a?aaeaeai, eee, au?aaeaynue aieaa i1’13’ nPOS}’leaoaeivle a
eaa?oe?iuo e?aae. Yoa oeeo?a i?eaaaeaia aac o?yoaui ycueii’ ~~
aiaa, eioi?uo a iaoai ai?iaea oaeaea iiieao a?aaaaeae e ?ac-
?^aeae * iaeeo aaeeeia iiiaea-

Eae aioiaeony eaa?oe?iay e?aaea, eae aa^o naay
iiiaaoee a eaa?oe?o, /oi ii aeaeaao, /oiau _

Ai?u iiiaia ciatho i naiae aea?oaa Iiei/yi ia inoaaeoue neaaeia?
aieueoa. ‘ –a iai ciaoue i ieo ii-

Eae e o ai?ia-ea?iaiieeia, o aeiiooiee
eecaoeey. E iniiaiui e?eieiaeueiui niaoe^0″ anoue naiy niaiea-
iuo ai?ia ioiinyony e?aaee, niaa?oaaiua /aeueiinoyi eaa?oe?-

– n iiiiuueth ai?ianeiai eino?oiaioa; aeothuei N110niaii:

– n iiaeai?ii eeth/ae;

– iooai aceiia eee auaeaaiey aeaa?ae-

– /a?ac oi?oi/eo;

– iiae aeaeii iinauaiey eaa?oe?u aeieae
caiey iiiiue e o. ae. “Ainoiui eeoeii, iea-

?aaioa eaa?oe?iiai ai?a iiae aeaeii naio,
ea, eiia/ii, aieaa i?eieoeaia, oioy oaeaeue63″T^ eee ^^^?11”
ieea ii?aaeaeaiiuo aeoa?neeo niiniaiinoae “^^O^ io /?aaoi^
ieiuaaeea ai? ia eiaao i?aaa aeaaea ia ^^-“a3T”^R1″T’^01*
oanneiiaeu ?aaioatho n aeaneii, eiiaaea, en oth ioeaeo- “P0”
?aynue a naiae, oae neacaoue, niaoe^T’ iaieio0 ?A3611″
yi aea ai?ia a ineoieiaee ethaeae IIAOO ii/y118^11’1100T’ A103iaie’
iaeueiua ineoieiae. ^Aeaeiaaoue i?ioannei-

A iineaaeiea aiaeu cia/eoaeueii oniaa?oaue
eino?oiaio aeiiooieeia. ?ac?aaioaiu niai iaaeiy “”?01^011
e , eioi?ua, a ioee/N^1’111’1R OTMbI4K” ~
aei yooaeoeaiaa e ia inoaaeytho Aeaeeiuo aeue io 3″
ioiu/eaie niaa?oaaony aieaa o?aoe anao eaa^0″‘ oe> eiaii0
eaa?oe?iua ai?u ie ia oaa ia ionoatho io ae?1’11?111′” e?aae. Iaoe
oeee – iia?aoeaieee oaea ia ?ac noaeeeaaee>0T^1T11 oeeaeeeca”
i?e niaa?oaiee e?aae ai?u eniieueciaaee i1’00 ^O4^”T11’ eiaaea
?aaeao/eee. “I?oaoeaiua ?aaeeiia-

Naiia aaaeiia – ai?ianeay ue
?oaeaiea oaou e auyn-e?0T ^”'”?011 – i”ia-

aa oicyaa. Aeaeaaony yoi iau/iui iooai i?ia^ i^c^AyeOe”
o?e/aneiai n/ao/eea, ninoiyiey Ii/oiaiai yue “/eae^aeiee eoeae

ii oaeaoiio, iaaaaeaiey ni?aaie o ninaaeae oe^11T’ “?03138111111^T”
iiai iaaethaeaiey ca iauaeoii. E?iia yoiai *1a aea eR110^”‘1T1’11”
aeai /aoei i?i?aaioaoue iooe iooiaea n ianoa ‘^a?T?”1’111 “”? eie-
a?aoue i?iieeiiaa^0TT”T”” e 110AeI-
eaa?oe?o. Iaeiiaoe, ii iaycai caaeaaia?ai11’1 a
neoiueea e?aaeaiiai. “‘”^?^aiii iicaaioeoueny i

?yae e?aae niaa?oaaony ii iaaiaeea Ano

neie i?aeoeea, /oi ioaeaeueiua ?aaioieee OeoEa^?I^Aaa^
eannao, oaea?aaeei?aiiioiuo ianoa?neeo ae i?ieaoa aeaeai

auo yenieoaoaoeeiiiuo o/anoeia niiauaee i^^;^^ ^U)1

aaea e /ai iiaeii iiaeeaeoueny. Ia?aaeei aeaoe i?inoiaeooii ?annea-
cuaatho ae?ocueyi eee aeaaea iinoi?iiiei ethaeyi, /oi eiaaony o ieo
aeiia. Neo/aeinue, a oeieueiuo aa?aea?iaao o o/aieeia ec ea?iaiia
iaeueoi e?aee eeth/e, a iioii auyniyee, aaea aeeaoo aeaoe. Auaaao,
/oi ai?u eaa?oe?o i?inoi iaiaoi.

E ana aea… Niaa?oaiii i/aaeaeii, /oi /ai neiaeiaa i?iieeiooue
a eaa?oe?o, oai auoa aa?iyoiinoue, /oi aan ieioao aaaea. Iiyoi-
io – ianeieueei niaaoia.

A?yae ee nouanoaotho ?aeiiaiaeaoeee, eioi?ua iieiinoueth aa?ai-
oe?otho io eaa?oe?iuo e?aae. Ana aea iaeioi?ua ?aeiiaiaeaoeee nia-
oeeaeenoia, eae aiai?eony, iieacii iaiioaoue ia on.

*aua anaai e?aaeo iiaeaioaaeeaatho, auae?ay iauaeo ia?aaea-
iey ca?aiaa. A inaauaiiuo a aa/a?iaa a?aiy ieiao, iniaaiii ia
ieaeieo yoaaeao, iiaeii auniio?aoue, neaaeai, aei?iaoth o?onoaeue’
ioth ethno?o, eia?u ia noaiao e o. ae.

Ooiaey ec aeiia, cae?ieoa ieia e oi?oi/ee, aaeeiiiua aeaa?e.
SB– Oiaiueoeoa caoe oaeaoiia, /oiau caiiie a ionoie eaa?oe?a ia aue
neuoai. Iioa?ya eeth/e, n?aco aea niiaueoa ia yoii ninaaeyi e
iiiaiyeoa caiee. Ia neaaeoao oaeaea aaoaoue eeth/e ia a?aeie e
ae?oaea i?aaeiaou, ii eioi?ui iiaeii iiiciaoue aan eee ociaoue aao
aae?an.

Anee au aeeaaoa ia ia?aii yoaaea, ia aeaaaeoa ?anoe iiae ieiii
aonoiio e aunieiio eonoa?ieeo. Ii – oi?ioaa i?ee?uoea aeey
eacouaai a ieii ai?a.

Ai?u ethayo caae?aoueny a oieueei /oi canaeaiiua aeiia, aaea aee-
oaee ia oniaee iacaaanoenue iaoaeee/aneeie aeaa?yie, ?aoaoeaie
e oaeaoiiaie, iiciaeiieoueny n ninaaeyie. e aeiia ii-
aie ieaie?iaee, aaea neiaeiua caiooaiiua ia?aoiaeu ec iiaeuacaeia
e aeaa?yi eaa?oe?, aieueoa aa?eaioia ooiaea io i?aneaaeiaaiey e au-
iina e?aaeaiiai. Yoei aea oeaeyi niinianoaotho eeoou.

Ieiei iieiaeiu ai?ia i?iieeatho a eaa?oe?u
iooai – /a?ac aeaa?e, eniieuecoy oaoie/aneea n?aaenoaa: io ioiu-
/ae aei e aeiie?aoia. Ai?i/ai, ia?aaeei i?anooiieee i?i-
noi iaoiaeyo eeth/e io eaa?oe?u iiae iieiae/eii, ia aa?oiae /an-
.oe aeaa?iiai einyea.

Eco/aiea oaieiaiuo aeae iieacuaaao, /oi iiiaea i?anooiie-
ee iaoiaeyo naieo aoaeoueo aea?oa, eco/ay iauyaeaiey a aacaoa n
i?aaeeiaeaieyie i i?iaeaaea oaea-, aeaeaioaoieee, ae?oaeo oeaiiuo
aauae. I?anooiiee iaia/aao iauaeo, naycuaaaony n iei, oi?aoao-
ny, noa?aynue ethaie oeaiie aeiaiai?eoueny, /oiau i?eaeaneee a eaa?-
oe?o. Eiua i?anooiieee naie ioaeioth eaa?oe?o aeey
?acaiy.

Enoaoe, iiiaea, niiauea a iauyaeaiee oaeaoii, iaeaii ii-
eaaatho, /oi yoi aa?aioe?oao eo eieiaieoi. A oaieiaiie i?aeoe-
ea eiathony neo/ae, eiaaea i?anooiieee ca niioaaonoaothuoth iea-
oo niieieii iieo/aee ia AON ioaeiua aae?ana. Iiyoiio, iai?aa-
eyy iauyaeaiea a aacaoo, ecuneeaaeoa aiciiaeiinoue iaaciianeoue
naay.

Oaia?ue ana ?aaea ec eaa?oe? ana iiae?yae – ai? aa-
?ao a iniiaiii aeaiueae e thaaee?iua ecaeaeey, oi, /oi eaaei ni?y-
.–.s oaoue a ea?iaiao. Ia ineaaaaaao eioa?an i?anooiieeia e e
[356JJ aoaeei-, oaea-, aeaeaiaiia?aoo?a. Iia ana aua aei?iaay, e ai?

ciaao: i?aaeeiaee aa eiio-oi iiaeaoaaea – iieoiaoaeue iaeaeaony
auno?i.

Iaeaaeaeo e iaoaue i?anooiieee oiaea aa?oo, ii iiaoth e i?anoeae-
ioth. A ethaee, oaaaeaeaiiua a oii, /oi oeaiu aoaeoo ?anoe, noa?athony
caianoenue ath ai?ie.

Ca?aiaa ia?aieoeoa iiia?a ?aaeei-, oaea- e aeaeaiaiia?aoo?u,
oeaiiuo aoiaa, naa?eieaeae, ninoaaueoa iienue iaeaieaa aei?iaeo aa-
uae e aea?aeeoa yoio nienie aia eaa?oe?u.

Caiaoea i?eciaee e?aaee, ia oiaeeoa ii eaa?oe?a, ie/aai ia
o?iaaeoa. Aueaeeoa, cae?ieoa aoiaeioth aeaa?ue ia eeth/ e iii?ineoa
ninaaeae aucaaoue ieeeoeeth, /oiau naiei ia inoaaeyoue eaa?oe?o aac
i?eniio?a.

O/oeoa, /oi eaa?oe?iua e?aaee o?oaeii ?ane?uaaoue. Iau/ii
iie iaia?oaeeaathony oiaaea, eiaaea i?anooiieea oaea e neaae i?i-
noue. Aea e ie?oaeathuea ie/aai ia aeaeaee eee ia iiaeaeaee oae-
aeaoue. E a niunea iaeacaiey eaa?oe?iua e?aaee – aanueia aanii-
eieiue aeae i?anooiiiai aeayiey: e?aaea n i?iieeiiaaieai a aee-
eeua iaeacuaaaony eeoaieai naiaiaeu ia n?ie io aeaoo aei naie eao.
Iiaoo o/anoue ?aea/iia> ?aneayiea, aea ia?aoth noaeeiinoue,
aea iieiaeeoaeueiua oa?aeoa?enoeee, aea eaeaeeaaioeaa e o. ae., oiaaea
iaeacaiea iiaeao i?aa?aoeoueny a neiaiee/aneia.

Caoi i?aaa iioa?iaaoaai /aua anaai ia caueuaiu ie/ai e ie-
eai. Iai?eia?, a aiciauaiea oua?aa inoaeaeaiiue aoaeao ia?ei-
aee/anee auiea/eaaoue noieue niaoioai?ii ieca?iua noiiu, /oi,
nei?aa anaai, ia ?ann/eoaaony ieeiaaea.

Anee aai iaaei oaoaoue a ioione, iinoa?aeoanue ia i/aiue aoeoe-
?iaaoue naie iouacae, i?eieoa ia?u, /oiau iai?inoi auei aeiaaaeaoue-
ny, /oi a eaa?oe?a aeeeoaeueiia a?aiy ieeoi ia aeeaao.

Eae iiaeii ociaoue, /oi au oaoaee iaaeieai? I?aaeaea anaai, ii
ia?aiieiaiiiio ii/oiaiio yueeo. Inoaaueoa eeth/ io iaai nina-
aeo eee eiio-ieaoaeue ec aeeceeo. Iiaeii oaeaea ia?aoeoueny a io-
aeaeaiea nayce, /oiau ii/oo e ia?eiaeeeo neeaaeuaaee oai. Iaeia-
ei a oaieiaiie i?aeoeea ano?a/aeenue neo/ae, eiaaea i?anooiie-
ee aeiauaaee nienee n aae?anaie oaeeo aaiiaioia. Iiuoiue
aeiiooiee au/eneeo aaoo eaa?oe?o ii aeeth/aiiiio n/ao/eeo.
Iiyoiio oeaeaniia?acii inoaaeoue aeeth/aiiui iaeiiiuiue i?e-
ai?, oa aea yeaeo?iiiua /anu. Aua iaeei niinia –
ii oaeaoiio.

A iaeiii iee?i?aeiia ia?aoeee aieiaiea ia noa?e/ea, eioi-
?ue ii aa/a?ai aeieai i?inoaeaae ia?aae aeiiaie, a iioii /oi-oi
noa?aoaeueii caienuaae. O/anoeiaue einiaeoi? ieeeoeee iieioa-
?aniaaeny yoeie caienyie – ieacaeinue, ioia/aii, eaeea ieia a
naie aeiiao a oa/aiea iyoe aeiae inoaaaeenue oaiiuie. Ii?aaioaee
nio?oaeieee ieeeoeee e auoee ia noa?eea – iiuoiiai
ai?a, niaoeeaeenoa ii eaa?oe?iui e?aaeai. Oae /oi inoaaueoa eeth-
/e eiio-eeai ec aeeceeo, /oiau iie ii aa/a?ai i?eoiaeeee a eaa?-
oe?o, caaeeaaee naao, ioaa/aee ia oaeaoiiiua caiiee. Iaieioie
aeaao aeeth/aiiue ia ia?aoth i?ia?aiio
o?aoi?ia?aiiiue ?aaeeii?eaiiee. Eae ecaanoii, i?e yoii ia ioae-
ii aeeth/aoue aai a yeaeo?e/aneoth ?icaoeo.

Ana ieia e oi?oi/ee aeieaeiu auoue cae?uou iaaeooi. Ia a?”


ia?aii e aa?oieo yoaaeao aeaeaoaeueii onoaiiaeoue ?aoaoee. 11367]

Ai?i/ai, anee a eaa?oe?a anoue eiaeaeey e aaeeii, yoaae oaea ia eiaao
cia/aiey. A iineaaeiaa a?aiy iiyaeeenue aeiiooieee-aa?oieacu, ei-
oi?ua ia aa?aaeao nioneathony n e?uoe ethaie auniou. Anee o aan
anoue /oi acyoue ec eaa?oe?u, iinoa?aeoanue onoaiiaeoue i?eee/ioth
aeaa?ue, aeaeaoaeueii aeaeacioth, niaaaeeoue aa oi?ioeie caieaie.

Ia anyeee neo/ae i?eaioiaueoa eaa?oe?o e i?eoiaeo iai?ioa-
iuo ainoae.

Iaiaoiaeeii ia?aianoe ana oeaiiua aaue e naiei aeeceei, in-
oaaoothny oaea?aaeeiaiia?aoo?o i?iia?ee?iaaoue a iacaiaoiuo ia-
noao, ianii?oa e ae?oaea aeieoiaiou ia iaa ouaoaeueii ni?yoaoue.
A oaia?ue iiaiai?ei i eaa?oe?iuo i?anooieaieyo.
Eaa?oe?iua aoa?enou ?aaioatho a aeaoo iai?aaeaieyo: iaeie ia-
aeoaatho i?iaeaaoeia eaa?oe?, ae?oaea – iieoiaoaeae. A caaeneiin-
oe io yoiai i?eiaiyaony ?acee/iay oaeoeea.
Ia/iai n i?iaeaaoeia.

Any oaoieea yoie aoa?u iniiauaaaony ia iieo/aiee aeiaa?ai-
iinoe io i?iaeaaoea. Caeanue iioaioeeaeueiua aea?oau ceioiuoeaiie-
ea, oae neacaoue, – yoi aeeiaieeee, ia?eiia-
iu, ineoe/anee iacaei?iaua ethaee, iieiaeaaeue io ainaiiaaeoeaoe aei
aeaaaeoeaoe iyoe eao e, iaiai?io, iiaeeeua ethaee.

A iaeieo neo/ayo aeiaa?aiiinoue iiaeaeaeuaatho ?aciuie iooyie,
iioeuatho ianii?o aeaaeaeueoea eaa?oe?u, caoai iaoiaeyo iioiaeaai
ia iaai iiaeeeiai /aeiaaea e n aai iiiiuueth aeiaiaeyo aei eiioea i?a-
nooiiue caiunae. Iieo/ea aeaiueae ca i?iaeaiioth eaa?oe?o, iioai-
ieee, anoanoaaiii, oiinyo iiae. Noae, iaia?oaeea iiaeaeaeeo aeieo-
iaioia, a eoiaa aa?iao eaa?oe?o oicyaaai.

Aeaea ianoiyo ai?acaei ooaea, anee iioaiiee a naiii aeaea au-
iaiee o i?iaeaaoea aeiaa?aiiinoue eee iaaeia?iniaanoiue iioa?eon
ca?aaeno?e?iaae aa ii anai i?aaeeai. Aeieacaoue a noaea, /oi oaeay
aeiaa?aiiinoue iaaeaenoaeoaeueia, aoaeao e?aeia neiaeii. Iiyoiio ni-
aao: inoaaeyeoa aeiaa?aiiinoue oieueei aeeceei ethaeyi, eioi?ui
iieiinoueth aeiaa?yaoa. Niaao aoi?ie: ia noieo inoaaeyoue aaia?aeue-
ioth aeiaa?aiiinoue, eiaaea iiaeii auaeaoue aa oieueei ia eaeea-oi eii-
e?aoiua aeaenoaey, iai?eia? naycaiiua n iieoieie eee i?iaeaaeae
eaa?oe?u. A iiaeienuaay aeiaa?aiiinoue eeai ae?oaie aeieoiaio a ii-
oa?eaeueiie eiioi?a, aieiaoaeueiaeoei ia?acii eco/eoa aai, ii-
i?ineoa iioa?eona iiae?iaii iauynieoue, e /aio iiaeao i?eaanoe
oi eee eiia aaoa aeaenoaea.

Anee aea au ?aoeee naiinoiyoaeueii, aac iin?aaeieeia, i?iaeaoue
eaa?oe?o, oi e caeanue aan iiaoo iiaeaeeaeaoue iaiaeeaeaiiinoe. Eaeea
aeieoiaiou aai iaiaoiaeeii eiaoue aeey ioi?ieaiey i?iaeaaee? Aeaa-
iue ec ieo oaeinoiaa?yao i?aai nianoaaiiinoe ia yoi aeeeuea – nae-
aeaoaeuenoai ia i?eaaoecaoeeth eeai aeiaiai? eoiee-i?iaeaaee, aea?a-
iey, iaiaia, naeaeaoaeuenoai ia i?aai ianeaaenoaa. Anee eaa?oe?a
eiiia?aoeaiay, oi a i?aaeaiee aai ioaeii acyoue ni?aaeo i auiea-
oa iay.

Iioii au eaeaoa a ianoiia Ath?i oaoie/aneie eiaaioa?eca-
oeee, aaea i?iecaiaeyo ioeaieo eaa?oe?u. Iinea yoiai iai?aaeya-
oanue a ?YO e iaeiaiaoth einiaeoeeth, oae eae aac ni?aaee ia oiea-
oa iaeiaia e ni?aaee ia ionoonoaee caaeieaeaiiinoe ii eiiioiaeue-
,,–1′) iui ieaoaaeai n aaie aeaaea ?acaiaa?eaaoue ieeoi ia aoaeao
[368JJ (o-7, o-9).

Aeaeaa ianooiaao naiue ioaaonoaaiiue iiiaio – iieo/aiea
aeaiaa. Au iiaeaoa iieo/eoue eo iaee/iuie eee ia?aaanoe ia naie
n/ao a ethaie aaie. I?aeoeea iieacuaaao, /oi ethaee /aua anaai
i?aaeii/eoatho iaee/iinoue, e ii/oe anaaaea a aeieea?ao. Aio caeanue-
oi aan iiaeao iaeeaeaoue nth?i?ec, i eioi?ii au e ia aeiaaaeuaaaoanue.
Aeaei a oii, /oi eeoeaiceth ia ?aaioo n aaethoie eiatho ia ana aai-
ee. I?e ?an/aoa aiieia iiaeao neo/eoueny oaeie eacon: au iieo/a-
aoa aeaiueae, a ooo iaa?yioea iaeiaiaay iieeoeey. E i?iaeaaaoe eaa?-
oe?u iiaeao cai?inoi inoaoueny aac aeaiaa, oae eae 88-th noaoueth Oai-
eiaiiai eiaeaena (iacaeiiiua iia?aoeee n aaethoie) ieeoi ia
ioiaiye. Iiae aii?inii inoaiaony e aaoa i?aai ia aeaaeaiea eaa?-
oe?ie, eai aeiaiai?-oi au oaea iiaeienaee.

E aua i iaeiii ithaina oioaeinue au iaiiiieoue i?iaeaaoeai. Au
ia niiaeaoa iieo/eoue ana aeaiueae, iiea ia auieoaoanue ec eaa?oe?u.
Anee iinea iaiai?aiiiai a aeiaiai?a n?iea eeeaio i?iaeieaeaao oii?-
noaiaaoue n auieneie, oi aai ana ?aaii auaeai?yo ioooaea /a?ac noae.

Iieoiaoaeue ?eneoao aieueoa. Oioy au iioiio, /oi eaa?oe?o
iiaeii aa?iooue naaa /a?ac noae, a iioaiieea n aaoeie aeaiueaaie
nuneaoue aoaeao iaeaaei, aea e aeaiueae a?yae ee inoaioony o iaai oeaeu.

Eoae, aai iieacuaatho eaa?oe?o, i?aaeuyaeytho aeieoiaiou ia
iaa e iiae aaeu ?oee aaaeoo a iioa?eaeueioth eiioi?o, aaea ?aaeno?e-
?otho naeaeeo. A iaycaiiinoe iioa?eona aoiaeeo oaeinoiaa?aiea iiae-.
eeiiinoe aeieoiaioia, a ia eo i?iaa?ea. Eiia/ii, anee au noua-
noaiaae aaeeiue aaie aeaiiuo ia iaaeaeaeeiinoue e naeaeee n iath, a
eaaeaeue iioa?eon eiae e iaio aeinooi /a?ac eiiiuethoa?, aa?iyo-
iinoue iaiaia naaeanue au ii/oe e ioeth. Ii, oau, iiea yoi aeaei ao-
aeouaai.

Nae/an aea, aeaenoaoy naiinoiyoaeueii e iaiaaeoiaiii, au ?en-
eoaoa eoieoue ianouanoaothuoth eaa?oe?o eee oaea i?iaeaiioth
aeaaaeaeu iaeiei e oai aea eeoeii eeai caeeth/eoue naeaeeo, ia niaeth-
aeay anao oi?iaeueiinoae, ec-ca /aai iia oiaea iiaeao auoue i?ecia-
ia iaaeaenoaeoaeueiie.

Aio iaeei ec i?eia?ia, eiaaea ceioiuoeaiieeii ieacaeny nai
i?iaeaaaoe. Aia/aea ii i?iaeae aa caeiiiui iooai, iieo/ee aeaiue-
ae, a oaeaea ia?aaia n iieoiaoaeai – iaeei yecaiiey? aeiaiai?a.
Iieoiaoaeueieoea eaa?oe?u ii nianoaaiiie aacaeaaa?iinoe i?ioy-
ioea n ?aaeno?aoeeae i?aaa nianoaaiiinoe e ae?oaeie oi?iaeueiin-
oyie. Iaaeaeo oai yen-i?iaeaaaoe iiaeaeaeae aeiaa?aiiinoue io iaa ea
naia eiy e caiiai i?iaeae eaa?oe?o, iinea /aai aanneaaeii en/ac.
Noae i?eciae caeiiiinoue oieueei ia?aie naeaeee, a aoi?ie iieoia-
oaeue inoaeny e aac aeaiaa, e aac eaa?oe?u. Iniaaiii aaeee ?ene ii-
ianoueny ia e?th/ie oaeiio i?iaeaaoeo-iioaiieeo i?e iieoiea
eiiiaou. Eae ecaanoii, i?yiay i?iaeaaea eiiiao cai?auaia, ii
cai?ao iiaeii iaieoe /a?ac oeeoeaiue iaiai. Aoa?eno iiaeaao
aeieoiaiou n?aco a ianeieueeeo ?aeaeeeiaiaiao, ni anao iieoia-
oaeae iieo/aao aeaiueae eee oioy au aaain, ioi?ieyao ianeieueei
naeaeie ia iaeio e oo aea eiiiaoo e niuaaaony. Iiyoue-oaee auea-
?uaaao oio ec iieoiaoaeae, eoi ia?aui iieo/eo i?aea? ia i?iaee-
aaiea.

Anee au iieoiaaoa eaa?oe?o, aai ioaeii auynieoue oioy au,
eoi i?iienai a iae, yaeyaony ee i?iaeaaaoe aa aeaaeaeueoeai. naeaeee.

N?iee auiieiaiey ?aaio oe?iie e n?iee auieao ni noi?iiu
iieoiaoaey no?iai iaiaa?eaathony, e iaycaoaeueii iaiaa?eaathony
oo?aoiua naieoeee.

Anee oe?ia niciaoaeueii ecaaaaao ethauo oo?aoiuo naieoeee,
aeaaea oiiieiaiey i ieo a aeiaiai?a, oiaaea yoi aucuaaao iaeioi?ia
iaaeioiaiea, e iainiiaaiii.

I?iaeaaaoe eaa?oe?u i?e i?iaeaaea aa /a?ac aaaionoai cano?aoi-
aai io neo/aaa iaiieo/aiey aeaiaa, iioiio /oi oe?ia ianao iie-
ioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca ia?aaea/o anae iaiai?aiiie noiiu eee a
?oee, eee ia ?an/aoiue n/ao, eee eae aua oeaaeao i?iaeaaaoe.

Ana yoe aii?inu aeieaeiu oeacuaaoueny a aeiaiai?a, caeeth/ai-
iii iaaeaeo oe?iie e i?iaeaaoeii, eioi?ue oaeaea iaycaoaeueii i?a-
aeoniao?eaaao aeaonoi?iiiea iaonoieee e oo?aoiua naieoeee.

Nouanoaoao aua aeae eeeaioia: ia i?iaeaaaoe e ia iieoiaoaeue, a
. Yoi iacaaiea i?enoua oieueei no?aiai NIA. Oaeei
ethaeyi oai aieaa ioaeii eiaoue aeaei oieueei n nieeaeiie oe?-
iie, a i?ioeaiii neo/aa i/aiue eaaei ieacaoueny ia oeeoea.

Nianoaaiii oe?iu, eioi?ua aeaenoaeoaeueii ?aaioatho ia ?ui-
ea iaaeaeaeeiinoe, ca iaaeieaee n?ie naiae ?aaiou, ii n?aaiaieth n
70 aiaeaie niaaoneie aeanoe, eeeaeaee?iaaee eiiioiaeie a Naieo-
Iaoa?ao?aa aieueoa, /ai yoi auei naeaeaii ca ana i?aaeuaeouea aiaeu.

Aeey ?annaeaioeaa aa?aioeae yaeyaony oi, /oi, eae i?aaeei, ?an-
naeyaiay eaa?oe?a i?eaaoece?oaony ca n/ao oe?iu, o. a. oe?ia
oaea aeeaaeuaaao aeaiueae a yoo eaa?oe?o. Iau/ii nieeaeiay oe?ia
aeaao ?aeeaio ia i?iaeaaeo yoie eaa?oe?u, /oi yaeyaony aua iaeiei
aeiaeaieai aeaiaa a eaa?oe?o/?annaeyaiua eeeaiou niieieii
aeaeoo. Eo iaycaiiinoueth yaeyaony oieueei iieac eaa?oe?u oai eth-
aeyi, eioi?ua oioyo aa iiniio?aoue, io oe?iu, caieiathuaeny aa
?annaeaieai. Oe?ia aa?aioe?oao, /oi e iei a aeii ia i?eaeao . \

Iineaaeiei aeaenoaeai, aeathieii iieioth aa?aioeth, yaeyaony
iaeiia?aiaiiia iioa?eaeueiia ioi?ieaiea ia?aaea/e ?annaeyaiui
a?aaeaeaiai a nianoaaiiinoue eaa?oe?, eioi?ua iiaeia?aiu aaaio-
noaii e ia eioi?ua iie aeaee i?aaeaa?eoaeueiia niaeanea, e ia?aaea-
. /a eo eaa?oe?u oeaeeeii a nianoaaiiinoue iieoiaoaeth. Ana yoi i?i-
enoiaeeo iaycaoaeueii o iaeiiai iioa?eona a iaeii e oi aea a?aiy.

Any ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca auieneo e inaiaiaeaeaiea eaa?oe?u a
n?ie, iaiai?aiiue n eeeaioii, eiaeeony niaeanii aeiaiai?ai ia
aaaionoai, oae eae a neo/aa n?uaa n?ieia inaiaiaeaeaiey eaa?oe?u
iii ieaoeo iaonoieeo eeeaioo, eoieaoaio eaa?oe?o oeaeeeii.

A anee au ?aoeee naeaoue eaa?oe?o? A yoii aeaea nouanoaoao ia-
neieueei iaoeo?uo i?aaee, niaethaeaiea eioi?uo ecaaaeo aan io aic-
iiaeiuo iai?eyoiinoae.

Aeey ia/aea auynieoa, ca eaeoth noiio au iiaeaoa naeaoue eaa?-
oe?o. Niaaooai ia?aoeoueny a ianeieueei oe?i, caieiathueony iia-
?aoeeyie n iaaeaeaeeiinoueth, n?aaeiyy oeaia iaaeaeo naiie aunieie e
naiie ieceie ec iacia/aiiuo aai noii e aoaeao ?aaeueiie noieii-
noueth a?aiaeiie ieaou ca aaoo eaa?oe?o. Eiia/ii, eo/oa, anee iiae-
ai?ii eaiaeeaeaoa e ioi?ieaieai aeiaiai?a a?aiaeu caeiaony iaiin-
?aaenoaaiii niaoeeaeece?iaaiiay oe?ia. Aiieia aiciiaeii, iia e
noaiao aa?aioii nio?aiiinoe eaa?oe?u. Ii aeaenoaothuaio caei-
iiaeaoaeuenoao aeiaiai? a?aiaeu ia i?ioiaeeo iaycaoaeueiie ainoaea?-
noaaiiie eee iioa?eaeueiie ?aaeno?aoeee. Oi?ia oaeiai aeiaiai-
?a, a iauai-oi, i?iecaieueia. A oe?iao, caieiathueony iaaeaeaee-
iinoueth, ia aeaiiue iiiaio oaea au?aaioaiu oeiiaua aeiaiai?u, a
aieueoae eee iaiueoae noaiaie io?aaeathuea eioa?anu noi?ii e
iieiaeaiey AEeeeuiiai eiaeaena.

O /aeiaaea, n eioi?ui au ?aoeee caeeth/eoue aeiaiai?, iaia-
oiaeeii eco/eoue aeieoiaiou. Caieoeoa aeaiiua ianii?oa: iiia?,
na?eth, eiaaea e eai auaeai, ianoi i?iienee. Iaeeoiei aoaeao e
ia?aoeoue aieiaiea ia oi, niioaaonoaoao ee oioia?aoey ia ian-
ii?oa ee/iinoe i?aaeuyaeoaey. Auynieoa ii aiciiaeiinoe, aaea ii
?aaioaao. Yoi iiiiaeao aai a neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe ?acuneaoue /a-
eiaaea.

A aeiaiai?a a?aiaeu i?aaeoniao?eaaaony ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca eth-
aie aiciiaeiue oua?a, i?e/eiaiiue aaoae eaa?oe?a, iaaaee eee
ae?oaiio iaoiaeyuaiony a iae eiouanoao, aeeth/ay e iai?oaeiaa-
.,–^s iea eaa?oe?u. Anee anoue iaiaoiaeeiinoue, ninoaaeyaony
[372 jj iienue anaai eiouanoaa n ioeaii/iie noieiinoueth eaaeaeiai

i?aaeiaoa a eaa?oe?a. Yoa iienue yaeyaony iaiouaieaiie /anoueth aei-
aiai?a ia a?aiaea aeeeuey. I?aaeoniio?eoa a aeiaiai?a aa?aioee ia
neo/ae oi?n-iaaei?iuo ianoiyoaeuenoa: iioii, iiaea? e o. i. Oae-
aea iaiai?eoa aiciiaeiinoue e ii?yaeie i?aaeaeaa?aiaiiiai ?anoi?-
aeaiey aeiaiai?a a?aiaeu.

Ia?aae naea/ae eaa?oe?u aiaai niaaooai cano?aoiaaoue ana, /oi
au inoaaeyaoa a eaa?oe?a.

Iaycaoaeueii iio?aaoeoa i?aaeiieaoo, a oaeaea iaeioi?oth ca-
?aiaa iaiai?aiioth noiio, eioi?ay ia aoaeao aoiaeeoue a iauoth noi-
eiinoue a?aiaeiie ieaou, ii aoaeao naiaia?aciui ia neo/ae iai?aaeaeaeaiiuo ?anoiaeia. Yoi ia?aaeeo aan io oa–
eeo iaiaeeaeaiiinoae, eae iaiaoiaeeiinoue aeaeaoue ?aiiio a eaa?oe?a
iinea iouacaea aeeeueoeia, eiiiaine?oy aiciiaeiua oo?aou.

Iinea oiai eae au naeaee eaa?oe?o, ia ?aaea ?aca a ianyoe iaaa-
uaeoa aa. Auaaee neooaoeee, eiaaea a eaa?oe?a, iaiyoie aeey i?i-
aeeaaiey, ono?aeaaeenue oi?aiaua neeaaeu, /oi ia niinianoaiaaei
ie oeo/oaieth aioo?aiiae ianoaiiaee eaa?oe?u, ie e?eieiaeue-
iie n?aaeu aie?oa iaa.

I?iaa?yeoa naiaa?aiaiiinoue iieaou iaaeaeoai?iaeieo ia?aai-
ai?ia. Neo/aeinue, /oi a eaa?oe?a, niyoie iaeiei /aeiaaeii, aee-
aoo aaeanyoa?ii, iai?a?uaii aanaaeoy n ?iaenoaaiieeaie ca a?aie-
oeae, i?e yoii iiea/eaaoue n/aoa. A yoii neo/aa noiia,
eioi?oth au caieaoeoa ca oaeaoii, iaiiiai i?aauneo iieo/aiioth
aaie a?aiaeioth ieaoo.

N naiiai iiiaioa i?iaeeaaiey aeiaiai?eoanue, eoi iiea/eaaao
eiiioiaeueiua oneoae. I?e neiaeeaoaeny i?aeoeea yoe ?anoiaeu
aa?ao ia naay a?aiaeiaeaoaeue. Iiaeoiaeoa, anoue ee aai niune iea-
oeoue ca iaeniieuecoaioth aaie yeaeo?iyia?aeth, eioi?ay i?e iu-
iaoieo oeaiao oiaea iiaeao ninoaaeoue e?oaeaiueeoth noiio.

I oii, /oi au naeaee eaa?oe?o, iinoaaueoa a ecaanoiinoue nina-
aeae, inoaaueoa ei eii?aeeiaou, aaea aan iiaeii iaeoe a neo/aa /aai.
E aua: o iaaeo noi?ii aeieaeiu inoaoueny oaeaoiiiua iiia?a eee
ae?oaay eioi?iaoeey aeey iaaeaaeiie nayce ae?oa n ae?oaii.

I?e iaiaia eaa?oe?u iu, eae i?aaeei, ia iaaeaynue ia naie
neeu, aioiau ainiieueciaaoueny oneoaaie iaeea?ia. Caeanue ioaeii.
iiiieoue, /oi eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia iaeea?noai, eae e ethaie ae?oaie
iaeaaaeueiue aeae nii?oa, i?eaeaeaao e naaa aaaioth?enoia e aeeea-
oaioia anao ianoae. Niaethaeaiea ianeieueeeo i?inouo i?aaee ii-
aeao caei?iai iiii/ue ecaaaeaoue iai?eyoiinoae.

Iaeea?a iaoiaeyo eneeth/eoaeueii ii ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ciaeiiuo:

iauyaeaiey oeia aeatho a aacaoo eeai ieiia?noaothuea eaeaaeenou, eeai ?an-
/aoeeaua iaaiaeye. Eaeaaeueiue neo/ae, eiaaea ae?ocuey, ?annaeaiiua
iaeea?ii-iaeeii/eie, ?aeiiaiaeotho naiaai aeaaiaeaoaey aai, a
ian – aio.

Ia aeiaa?yeoa ?aeiiaiaeaoeeyi oeia . Iaiai – aeaei aei?iainoiyuaa. Ia en-
eeth/aii, /oi ca noi eee aeaanoe aeieea?ia iiiiuue aoaeao ninoiyoue
Eneeth/eoaeueii a au/eoea iauyaeaiee, oaeaoiiiuo caiieao. In-
iiaioth oyaeanoue iaiaia aai a yoii neo/aa i?eaeaony auiineoue ia
Nianoaaiiuo iea/ao, aicy ia oaene eiiioiaeueiuo noa?o- ^–^

“(ene e iiea/eaay eiinoeueoaoeee th?enoa. l^]3J

.

Ieeiaaea e ie i?e eaeeo ianoiyoaeuenoaao iaeea? he aa?ao aea-
iaa aia?aae! Oo?ii – i?aea?a, aeiai – aeaiueae, e ieeae oea iaiai?io.
I?e/ai oai, eoi i?ineo ca iaiai aeiieaoo, aeaiueae, eae i?aaeei,

au ion/eouaaaoa naie. \

Oi?ioee iaeea? ia ni?aoeaaao, iao ee o aan ciaeiiuo a ai?-/
aeeeiaiaia: iioa?eao, aaeieieno?aoeey, o?ainii?o – o iaa&^ana
. Aai inoaaony oieueei ia iiacaeuaaoue ia iacia/aiiua
ano?a/e. E oiaaea /a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy inoaaony caeacaoue iaoe-
io aeey ia?aaicee aauae… Ai?i/ai, aao iaeea? iaaa?iyea iiae-
neaaeao, /a?ac eaeoth oe?io yoi naeaeaoue eo/oa e aeaoaaea.

A oaia?ue ianeieueei neia i i?iaeaiao, eioi?ua iiaoo aiciee-
iooue i?e oee/iuo naeaeeao.

I?e ?aciaia aeaiaa ia oeeoea aan iiaoo eee , oi anoue iaiaiooue e en/aciooue aianoa n aaoeie aeaiueaaie.

Neiai ii nooe icia/aao oi aea naiia, /oi e neiai
. A ia?aii ec i?eaaaeaiiuo neo/aaa oiio?aaeaiea eeoue
n oie ?acieoeae, /oi – cia/eo i?iaanoe
iia?aoeeth, eiaaea /aeiaae nai aeia?iaieueii ioaeaao naie aeaiueae.

Aeaenoaey iioaiieeia ?ann/eoaiu ia auaoaai niaaoneiai /a-
eiaaea, eioi?ue aua ia ieii/aoaeueii ioiaiae io naay iuneue, /oi
eiino?aiiua aeaiueae eiaoue ia ?oeao iaoi?ioi, iianii e nouaeii.
Oaeie /aeiaae a ioieoa iaiaia aaethou aeieai eco/aao iauyaeai-
iue eo?n, /oi-oi aun/eouaaao a oia e iaaeiaa?/eai iiniao?eaaao
ia ?aaiiaeooiiai /aeiaaea a ieioea. Eiaiii a yoio io/eoaeueiue
iiiaio ?anoi?iiiue iioaiiee iueei iauyniyao aio, /oi eo?n,
ii eioi?iio iieoiaao aeieea?u ioieo iaiaia, inei?aeoaeueii ie-
cie, e ianoiyuoth oeaio iiaeao aeaoue oieueei /anoiia eeoei, eaeia ii

niaie e yaeyao.

A ioaao ia yoi i?aaeeiaeaiea auaoee niaaoneee /aeiaae, eae

i?aaeei, auieiaao aeieea?u, ioaeaao eo iioaiieeo, e ooo eaeie-
oi aeyaey eeaaeao aio ia iea/i oaanenooth eaio e a?iiei i?ao: Ii aiao naia:
Caaeaey ieeeoeeiia?a, ii ?aaeinoii ?aii?ooao: . – – oaeeaeyaony i?aae-
noaaeoaeue aeanoe, eiaaea iieiaiiue aaiaeeo aai a eo?n aeaea.

E, naeaeaa ?o/eie, ?aaiinoiue ii/eoaoaeue niaaoneiai Oaieia-
iiai eiaeaena ooiaeeo.

Noieo ee aiai?eoue i oii, /oi iioaiiee, a ?oeao eioi?iai in-
oaeenue aeieea?u, oaea aeaaii en/ac n ianoa i?ienoanoaey.

Aua iaeii oeie/iia iaaeoaaoaeuenoai i?e iaiaia eee i?iaeaaea
aeieea?ia n ?oe – yoi cao?yaeiia iioaiie/anoai, naycaiiia n eniieue-
ciaaieai . Aaeaaeiaaii aeanyoee e nioie a?aaeaeai aianoi
e?oiiie noiiu ?oaeae eee aaethou i?e naeaeeao eoiee-i?iaeaaee
ec ?oe a ?oee iieo/atho ia/ee ia?acaiiie aoiaae, ia?aeiaeaiiie
I.–>\ ianeieueeeie iiaeeeiiuie eoith?aie. Ii?aaeaeeoue ia oae oae neiaeii. I?aaeaea anaai i?aaenoaaeoaee yoie

i?anooiiie eaaeeoeeaoeee aiaoia i/aiue iaoiaeeoaeueiua e aeaaea
iaayoaeueiua ethaee. Eae i?aaeei, iie iieiaeu, a ia?o y?oaee?iaa-
iu, oneoaeeeau; ioioii iaciaoo aai, a eaeeo i?eaiiuo ioieoao e
ii eaeie oeaia i?iaeaaony e iieoiaaony aaethoa, i?aaeeiaeao noiio
ianeieueei ieaea eee auoa, ?acuyniyo, ii eaeei i?eciaeai iiaeii
ii?aaeaeeoue iiaeeeiiinoue aaethou, iiaoo aeaaea i?iaeaiiino?e?iaaoue
niaoeeaeueiue i?eai?. Yoi eae au i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea: i?eaioiaeoueny,
oneeeoue aieiaiea. Iniiaiie neaiae iianiinoe – anee aao eiio?a-
aaio ai a?aiy ?an/aoia ia auioneaao ec ?oe ia/eo aeaiaa eee i?ineo
o aan aa , /oiau caaa?iooue. A neaaeothuaa iaiiaaiea
aeaeeoa iniiaiiai aeaenoaey ia aan. Ii
iiaeao inouanoaeyoueny a ethaie oi?ia, aeaaiia – ia ianeieueei
iaiiaaiee ioaea/ue aaoa aieiaiea. E ana. Aeaei naeaeaii.

Ia iaaeaeoanue ia naith auaea?aeeo, oeaaeiie?iaea e aieiaoaeue-
iinoue, ana ?aaii iieo/ao naia. Aue neo/ae, /oi a
iineaaeiee iiiaio iieoiaoaeue, ia?aaeaaay aaethoo, i?aaeeiaeee ia-
?aoaaoeoue ia/eo ?aceieie, a ?yaeii ?acaeaeny enoioiue aeaineee
aeca. Iaeyioaoenue, i?iaeaaaoe aaethou oaeaeae, /oi e?e/aea iiei-
aeay aeaaooea, eioi?oth iiaeoaaoee ia ?oee ia?iiiue ?uaeaai?i-
aeue aeaoeia. *a?ac iaiiaaiea ia?i/ea ooea, iaiyaoenue eae ie a
/ai ia auaaei, a a ?oeao iacaaea/eeaiai iaiyeu ieacaeanue ia/ea,
ia?aoaa/aiiay ?aceieie. Oieueei oaea ia aeieea?ia, a ionouo ao-
iaaeae.

E iineaaeiaa: aeey oiai /oiau ia noaoue aea?oaie iioaiie/anoaa
e iaiaia a noa?a oi?aiaee, iaiaoiaeeii ciaoue iniiaiua iieiaea-
iey caeiia i caueoa i?aa iio?aaeoaeae.

Noaouey 5. I?aai iio?aaeoaey ia aaciianiinoue oiaa?ia (?aaio,
oneoa).

Iio?aaeoaeue eiaao i?aai ia oi, /oiau oiaa?u (?aaiou, oneo-
ae) i?e iau/iuo oneiaeyo, i?e o?aiaiee e o?ainii?oe?iaea auee
aaciianiu aeey aai aeecie, caei?iauey, ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, a oaeaea
ia i?e/eiyee a?aae aai eiouanoao.

…Iio?aaeoaeue aeieaeai auoue i?aaeoi?aaeaeai i n?iea neoaeau
(aiaeiinoe) oiaa?a, iaiaoiaeeiuo aeaenoaeyo ii aai enoa/aiee e aic-
” iiaeiuo iineaaenoaeyo i?e auiieiaiee oeacaiiuo aeaenoaee.

Noaouey 11. Ioaaonoaaiiinoue i?iaeaaoeia (ecaioiaeoaeae, eniie-
ieoaeae).

, Ca ia?ooaiea i?aa iio?aaeoaeae i?iaeaaaoe ianao ioaaonoaai-
iinoue, i?aaeoniio?aiioth ianoiyuei Caeiiii.

Oauoee, i?e/eiyaiua iio?aaeoaeth aneaaenoaea iaaeinoaoea oi-
aa?a, iiaeeaaeao aiciauaieth naa?o iaonoieee, onoaiiaeaiiie ia-
noiyuei Caeiiii.

Noaouey 12. Eiouanoaaiiay ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca a?aae, i?e/eiai-
iue aneaaenoaea iaaeinoaoeia oiaa?a.

A?aae, i?e/eiaiiue aeecie, caei?iaueth eee eiouanoao iio?a-
aeoaey aneaaenoaea eiino?oeoeaiuo, i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo, ?aoeaioo?-
iuo eee eiuo iaaeinoaoeia oiaa?a… iiaeeaaeeo aiciauaieth a iie-
iii iauaia, anee caeiiiaeaoaeueiuie aeoaie ?O… ia i?aaeoniio-
?ai aieaa aunieee ?acia? ioaaonoaaiiinoe.

Noaouey 13. Aiciauaiea ii?aeueiiai a?aaea.

Ii?aeueiue a?aae, i?e/eiaiiue iio?aaeoaeth aneaaenoaea ^.–^
| Ia?ooaiey ecaioiaeoaeai aai i?aa… iiaeeaaeeo aiciauaieth H.3’5JJ

i?e/eieoaeai a?aaea i?e iaee/ee aai aeiu. ?acia? aiciauaiey
ii?aaeaeyaony noaeii, anee eiia ia i?aaeoniio?aii caeiiiaeaoaeueiu- \

ie aeoaie. /

Noaouey 17. Iineaaenoaey i?iaeaaee oiaa?a n iaaeinoaoeaie.

Iio?aaeoaeue, eioi?iio auee i?iaeaiu oiaa?u n iaaeinoaoeaie,
anee iie ia auee iaiai?aiu i?iaeaaoeii, ai?aaa ii naiaio auai?o

iio?aaiaaoue: \v-,

a) aacaiciacaeiiai ono?aiaiey iaaeinoaoeia oiaa?a eee aicia-
uaiey ?anoiaeia ia eni?aaeaiea iaaeinoaoeia iio?aaeoaeai eee

o?aoueei eeoeii;

a) ni?acia?iiai oiaiueoaiey iieoiiie oeaiu;

a) caiaiu ia oiaa? aiaeiae/iie ia?ee (iiaeaee, a?oeeoea);

a) caiaiu ia oaeie aea oiaa? ae?oaie ia?ee (iiaeaee, a?oeeoea)
n niioaaonoaothuei ia?an/aoii iieoiiie oeaiu;

ae) ?anoi?aeaiey aeiaiai?a e aiciauaiey oauoeia. A ioiioa-
iee oiaa?ia, ?aaeecoaiuo /a?ac ?icie/iua eiienneiiiua oi?-
aiaua i?aaei?eyoey, o?aaiaaiey, oeacaiiua a iiaeioieoao a) e a)
ioieoa 1 ianoiyuae noaouee, iiaeeaaeao oaeiaeaoai?aieth n niaea-
ney i?iaeaaoea.

Iio?aaeoaeue ai?aaa i?aaeuyaeoue o?aaiaaiey i aacaiciacaeiii

ono?aiaiee iaaeinoaoeia eee aiciauaiee ?anoiaeia ii eo ono?aia-
ieth…

O?aaiaaiey iio?aaeoaey ?anniao?eaathony ii i?aaeuyaeaiee

iio?aaeoaeai oiaa?iiai (eanniaiai) /aea, a ii oiaa?ai, ia eioi-
?ua onoaiiaeaiu aa?aioeeiua n?iee, – oaoie/aneiai ianii?oa

eee caiaiythuaai aai aeieoiaioa.

Ii o?aaiaaieth iio?aaeoaey i?iaeaaaoe iaycai auaeaoue aio
oiaa?iue /ae eee eiie aeieoiaio, oaeinoiaa?ythuee oaeo ii-
eoiee.

Aeinoaaea e?oiiiaaaa?eoiuo oiaa?ia e oiaa?ia aanii aieaa

iyoe eeeia?aiiia aeey ?aiiioa, ooeaiee, caiaiu e aica?aoa e ii-
o?aaeoaeth inouanoaeyaony aacaiciacaeii neeaie i?iaeaaoea, ecai-
oiaeoaey…

Noaouey 18. N?iee i?aaeuyaeaiey o?aaiaaiee ii iiaiaeo iaaei-

. noaoeia oiaa?a:

Ii oiaa?ai, ii eioi?ui aa?aioeeiua n?iee ia onoaiiaeaiu,

iio?aaeoaeue ai?aaa i?aaeuyaeoue ecaioiaeoaeth oeacaiiua o?aai-
aaiey, anee iaaeinoaoee auee iaia?oaeaiu a oa/aiea oanoe iany-
oeaa, a a ioiioaiee iaaeaeaeeiiai eiouanoaa – ia iicaeiaa aeaoo

eao ni aeiy ia?aaea/e aai iio?aaeoaeth…

N?iee, oeacaiiua a ioieoa 1 ianoiyuae noaouee, a oaeaea n?ie

neoaeau oiaa?a en/eneythony ni aeiy aai i?iaeaaee iio?aaeoaeth…
Anee aeaiue i?iaeaaee onoaiiaeoue iaaiciiaeii, oi n?iee en/eneytho-
ny ni aeiy ecaioiaeaiey.

Noaouey 19. Ono?aiaiea iaaeinoaoeia oiaa?a.

Iaaeinoaoee, iaia?oaeaiiua a oiaa?a, aeieaeiu auoue ono?aia-
iu ecaioiaeoaeai (i?aaei?eyoeai, auiieiythuei aai ooieoeee) a s
oa/aiea 10 aeiae, a i?iaeaaoeii (i?aaei?eyoeai, auiieiythuei aai
ooieoeee) – a oa/aiea 20 aeiae n iiiaioa i?aaeuyaeaiey niioaao- ‘

noaothuaai o?aaiaaiey iio?aaeoaey.
,1,–e, Noaouey 20. Ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca i?in?i/eo auiieiaiey o?a-

[.376 JJ aiaaiee iio?aaeoaey.

Ca eaaeaeue aeaiue i?in?i/ee, a oaeaea ca eaaeaeue aeaiue caaea?ae-
ee auiieiaiey o?aaiaaiey iio?aaeoaey i i?aaeinoaaeaiee ia a?a-
iy ?aiiioa (caiaiu) aiaeiae/iiai oiaa?a i?iaeaaaoe, ecaioiaeoaeue
(i?aaei?eyoea, auiieiythuaa eo ooieoeee), aeiionoeaoea oaeea ia-
?ooaiey, auiea/eaatho iio?aaeoaeth iaonoieeo a ?acia?a iaeiiai
i?ioeaioa noieiinoe oiaa?a…

A oaia?ue ianeieueei niaaoia ii caueoa io i?anooiieeia ecaan-
oiiai niaoeeaeenoa ii ?acaaaeea e niaoeneoaeaai ?. ?iieia (1998):

Oeie/iu neaaeothuea aeaeu aaciianiinoe:

– aiaoiyy (a oiaea iauaiey n iinoi?iieie);

– aioo?aiiyy (i?e eiioaeoe?iaaiee a naiae n?aaea e a?oiia);

— eieaeueiay (a ?acee/iuo neooaoeeyo e aeaenoaeyo). \
?anniio?ei ana yoi iaiiiai iiae?iaiaa.

A. Aiaoiyy aaciianiinoue

?acee/iua iai?eyoiinoe iiaoo aicieeiooue i?e iauaiee n
iau/iuie ethaeueie e ainno?oeoo?aie, ii iiiaia caeanue iiaeii i?aae-
aeaeaoue e ecaaaeaoue, eniieuecoy aaiaeueiue i?eioeei o?ao : ia
?acae?aaeaoue, ia naycuaaoueny, ia auaeaeyoueny.

Iaiaoiaeeii:

1. Ia i?eaeaeaoue e naaa eceeoiaai aieiaiey (oaeoeea ):

– ia auaeaeyoueny aiaoiei aeaeii (iauaeaiiay no?eaeea, i?e-
ee/iay iaeaaeaea, ionoonoaea /aai-eeai ; anee, iaeia-
ei, aaoa ie?oaeaiea yeno?aaaaaioii, oi aoaeueoa eae iie);

– ia aaycuaaoueny a nni?u e neaiaeaeu (yoi, ai-ia?auo, i?e-
aeaeaao e aai iaioaeiia aieiaiea, a ai-aoi?uo, iiaeao auoue i?i-
noi i?iaieaoeeae, iaoeaeaiiie ia caaea?aeaiea eee );

– aeeo?aoii aiineoue ana eiiioiaeueiua ieaoaaee e i?i/ea ain-
iioeeiu; anaaaea iiea/eaaoue i?iacae a o?ainii?oa;

– noa?aoueny oi/ii neaaeiaaoue ?enoieo eca?aiiie nioeeaeueiie
?iee e ia eiaoue i?aoaicee ii ?aaioa (e ia auaeaeyoueny oai ia ia-
uai eieeaeoeaiii oiia);

– ia ?aniaeyoue iaayc/eaiai ethaiiuonoaa ninaaeae iaiau/ii-
noueth ia?aca aeecie eee aeceoaie ?aciuo ethaeae;

– ia i?iyaeyoue ecauoi/iie inaaaeiieaiiinoe a /aaae-eeai,
anee, eiia/ii, yoiai ia o?aaoao aaoa ?ieue (ia caauaaeoa ae?aaieo:

: , , ).

2. Ia ii?iaeaeaoue eaeie-eeai iai?eycie a ninaaeyo, nineoaeea-
oeao e ciaeiiuo, a aucuaaoue o ieo neiiaoeth:

– ia auoue (ethaeae anaaaea ?aniieaaaao e naaa
oio, eoi ?ane?uaaaony n iiiyoiie ei noi?iiu);

– aueoaaioaoue iaia?o iiaaaeaiey, ia aucuaathuoth o ie?oaea’
thueo aiciiaeiie ianoi?iaeaiiinoe (eceeoiei ethaiiuonoaii,
eee iaayc/eainoueth) eeai iai?eycie (aanoaeoiinoueth, ca’

ioaenoaii, ai?aeuiae, a?oainoueth);

– auoue ?iaiui e ethaaciui ni anaie ie?oaeathueie e, ii-aic’
iiaeiinoe, ieacuaaoue ei iaeeea (ii ia eaeaeneea!) oneoaa;

– ia aeaeaoue ie/aai, /oi iiaeao aucaaoue iaaeiaieuenoai e ethai’
iuonoai ninaaeae (oeiiaiuea aeaa?ueth ii/ueth, ecauoie iinaoeoaeae
aica?auaiea aeiiie ia oaene, aeceou aeaiuei, iicaeiea J _
auciau ii oaeaoiio a iauae eaa?oe?a). 1N377]|

3. Ouaoaeueii eiio?iee?iaaoue ana naie nayce e eiioaeou (wr
iieoue, /oi )^

– o?aieoue oaeiu io naieo aeeaeieo (aeaiu, ae?ocae, ?iaenoaai-
ieeia, ethaiaieoeu); \

– n i?eau/iie ianoi?iaeaiiinoueth () ana-
aaea aini?eieiaoue iiiuoee naeeceoueny n aaie (neo/aeiia ciaeii^-

noai, /uee-oi ?aeiiaiaeaoeee);

-aieiaoaeueii ioiineoueny ei anai ?aaioieeai ?aiiioiuo
neoaea, ?aeeaiu e na?aena, i?iniao?eaaoue eo aeieoiaiou e aaae-
eeai, ii iainiiaaiii naa?youe eaeaioe/iinoue ii oaeaoiio, a caoai ^-

o ;

– auoue inoi?iaeiui ni anaie, eoi i?aaeeaaaao eae au oneoae (aeaao aeaiueae acaeiu, aeoeaii a /ai-oi iiiiaa-
ao, i?aaeinoaaeyao ii aeaoaaea /oi-eeai ioaeiia).

4. Auynieoue nianoaaiiua oycaeiinoe e ciaoue, eae iiaeii caeanue

iiaeno?aoiaaoueny:

– i?iaiaeece?iaaoue anth naith aeeciue e auaeaeeoue oa niiieoaeue-
iua iiiaiou, eioi?ua iiaoo eniieueciaaoueny aeey oaioaaea eee

aeene?aaeeoaoeee;

– ?aaeueii ioeaieoue aiciiaeiua iineaaenoaey io iaeaoaiey neo

oaeoia anai oai, eiio iie iiaoo auoue niiauaiu;

– i?eeeiooue, eoi e ii eaeie i?e/eia niiniaai ciaoue nae eii-
i?iiao e eae aiciiaeii iaeo?aeeciaaoue iiaeiaioth inaaaeiieai-
iinoue;

– ii?aaeaeeoue iauaeou naiae oycaeiinoe (aeaiueia, aeaoe, ii-
?aeueiua onoie), iineieueeo /a?ac ieo ia aan iiaoo inouanoaeyoue

aeaaeaiea; .

– auyaeoue naie neaainoe (oiaae, aeii, naen, aeaiueae, /a?ou
oa?aeoa?a) e iiiieoue, /oi eo anaaaea iiaoo eniieueciaaoue i?ioea
aan. ;,

5. Ia aaycuaaoueny a niiieoaeueiua aoa?u, ia naycaiiua n ia-
uei aeaeii. A ?eneiaaiiua aaaioth?u, eiathuea ioiioaiea e
aeaeo, ano?aaaoue oieueei i?e ?ac?aoaiee nauoa.

A. Aioo?aiiyy aaciianiinoue

Eiioaeou a nianoaaiiie n?aaea iaeuecy ?anniao?eaaoue eae aa-
?aioe?iaaiii aaciianiua. Iiiieoa, /oi .

1. Nio?aiaiea oaeiu, ee/iinoe:

– acaiai iiaeeeiiuo eiai anaaaea eniieuecothony inaaaeiieiu
(iau/ii eiaiiua, ii oaeaea oeeo?iaua, aoeaaiiua eee ); ia eaaeaeii iai?aaeaiee i?ioiaeyo iiae ioaeaeueiui
inaaaeiieiii, oioy aiciiaeia ?aaioa e iiae ianeieueeeie aa?eai-
oaie, a oaeaea aeaenoaea iiae iauei inaaaeiieiii ianeieueeeo ?ac-
iuo eeoe;

– /eaiu eiiaiaeu ii aiciiaeiinoe ciatho ae?oa ae?oaa oieueei
iiae inaaaeiieiaie; i iiaeeeiiuo oaieeeyo, aeiiaoieo aae?anao e
oaeaoiiao aeieaeiu auoue inaaaeiieaiu eeoue aeiaa?aiiua eeoea;

– i?e iaaenathuae aiciiaeiinoe i?iaaea e ?anoeo?iaee ana
i?eiaiyaoeany inaaaeiieiu, eae i?aaeei, iaiythony;

i,–>s – ia neaaeoao aeaaaoue eiio au oi ie auei eaeeo-eeai ei-
[378 J| oeiiuo e i?i/eo naaaeaiee i nianoaaiiie ia?niia;

– iuoaoueny nicaeaaaoue (eniieuecoy &ai
eaiioth, ii aiaoia i?aaaeiiiaeiaioth ia?nioo
i?yiuo eiioaeoia, eniieuecoy, anee oeaeae^aie aicaea?aeeaaouenyio
iuo eeoe eee ae?oaea n?aaenoaa nayce; aeiaeony, iiai/- r^-?i

– anaaaea o/eouaaoue e iiiieoue, /oi anoue aiciiaeiinoue ooa/ee
eioi?iaoeee eee i?aaeaoaeuenoaa e auoue aioiaui e niioaaonoaoth-
uei eiio?aeaenoaeyi.

A. Eieaeueiay aaciianiinoue

Eo/oae aa?aioeae oniaoa yaeyaony iau/ii iiaeno?aoiaea, e
iioiio ethaua aeaenoaey aeaeaoaeueii inouanoaeyoue n o/aoii anao
aiciiaeiuo iai?eyoiinoae ni noi?iiu i?ioeaieea eee neo/aeii
iiaeaa?ioaoeony naeaeaoaeae.

Ioaeaeueiua i?eaiu iaania/aiey aaciianiinoe (ooiae io neaae-
ee, auyaeaiea i?ineooeaaiey) oiiieiaeenue iaie ?aiaa, a caeanue
iu ?acaa?ai aua ianeieueei ano?a/athueony a i?aeoeea noaiaea?o-
iuo neooaoeee e iaeioi?ua ia?u, i?eaioe?iaaiiua ia! eo i?ee?u-
oea. Aoaeoo ?anniio?aiu:

1. Iauea i?aaeea i?yiiai iauaiey.

2. Eniieueciaaiea oaeaoiia.

3. I?aaiecaoeey ano?a/.

4. .

1) Iauea i?aaeea i?yiiai iauaiey

– noa?aoueny ia aanoe eioi?iaoeaiua aanaaeu ioe?uoui oae-
noii ia ethaeiie oeeoea eee a iauanoaaiiii o?ainii?oa;

– ia neaaeoao oiiieiaoue a ioe?uoii ?acaiai?a iiaeeeiiuo oa-
ieeee, eiai, iauaecaanoiuo i?icaeu e aae?ania, a oaeaea ia oiio-
?aaeyoue oa?ieiieiaeth;

– eniieueciaaoue aeey iaicia/aiey ioaeaeueiuo aeaenoaee eiaeiaua
iaeiaiiaaiey;

– naiua oaeiua aniaeou ?acaiai?a (iiaeeeiiua aae?ana, ia?i-
ee, aeaou) ieooony ia aoiaaa, eioi?ay caoai oie/oiaeaaony;

– iaiaoiaeeii i?eaioe?iaaoueny a oaoie/aneeo aiciiaeiinoyo
nenoai iiaeneooeaaiey e ciaoue yeaiaioa?iua ia?u i?ioeaiaeae-
noaey ei (ni. ?acaeae i iieo/aiee eioi?iaoeee);

– i?e iiaeia/aiee iaeiei ec niaanaaeieeia ai a?aiy ?acaiai?a
/aai-oi ianoi?aaeeaathuaai, ia?oia? i?aaeoi?aaeaeaaony iniaui nei-
aii () eee aea aeanoii (iaeaoe e aoaai) e any aanaaea ia?aai-
aeeony a iaeo?aeueiia ?onei;

– anee au ciaaoa, /oi aan iiaeneooeaatho, eioi?iaoeaiua ia-
?aaiai?u eo/oa ia aanoe eee eniieueciaaoue eo aeey aeaceioi?ia-
oeee;

– eiaaea aan, ii anae aeaeeiinoe, , a iiiauaoueny
ana aea iaaei, oi iieuecothony oneiaiui ycueii, aaea aaciaeaeiua
i?aaeeiaeaiey eiatho niaa?oaiii ae?oaie niune; eniieuecothony
oaeaea o?acu, eioi?ua ia neaaeoao o/eouaaoue (i ieo iau/ii ni-
iauaaony eaeei-eeai iaaiai?aiiui aeanoii, e i?eia?o ne?a-
ueaaieai iaeueoeaa), a ca/anooth e noaiaea?oiua i?eaiu (iieao-
eeaaiea, aeeaaeuoe ai ?oo) cao?oaeiythuea iiiciaiea aiai?y-
uaai;

– eiaaea iaiaoiaeeii iaania/eoue iieioth oaeio iauaiey a ethae-
iii ianoa, eniieuecotho iaoiaeu oneiaiie (iaaa?aaeueiie) nayce, oa-
eea eae ycue aeanoeeoeyoeee, oaeiaeaeaeaiee e aeanoia iaeueoeaie,
a oaeaea eiaeu, iie?athueany ia ao?eaooeeo iaeaaeaeu (?aciua ii-
eiaeaiey aieiaiiai oai?a, aaenoo/iiai caaeeia, iiniaiai ieaoea)

,–>\ eee ia iaieioee?iaaiea iiae?o/iuie i?aaeiaoaie (/ana-

[380 JJ ie, neaa?aoaie, eeth/aie).

2) Eniieueciaaiea oaeaoiia

a) iaania/aiea ee/iie aaciianiinoe:

– noa?aoueny iaaiaa?eaaoue a?aiy /oaeeo e nianoaaiiuo caii-
eia e ia?aie/eaaoue /anoioo eiioaeoia;

– ia ceioiio?aaeyoue aanaaeaie ii nianoaaiiiio oaeaoiio (o/e-
ouaay, /oi aai iiaoo i?ineooeaaoue) e ia aeaaaoue ae?oaei aac yaiie
iaiaoiaeeiinoe naie iiia?, ciay, /oi ii iaio ianeiaeii aueoe ia
aao aae?an);

– o/eouaaoue, /oi neooaoue iiaoo eae aanue oaeaoiiiue ?acai-
ai? (i?e iiaeeeth/aiee ia eeiee), oae e eeoue oi, i /ai aiai?eoa
au (caeiaeaiiue eee ninaae ca aeaa?ueth);

– iieacii ano?ieoue a aiia?ao i?inoaeooth
(oeene?othuoth iaaeaiea iai?yaeaiey) ia iiaeeeth/aiea e eeiee
/oaeie aiia?aoo?u;

– eniieueciaaoue AII (aaoiiaoe/aneee ii?aaeaeenue iiia?a), a
eo/oa au , /oiau ia aoeoe?iaaoue naie iiia? i?e
auciaao ae?oaeo;

– ia iieaaaoueny ia iaaeaaeiinoue ethauo ?aaeeioaeaoiiia;

– iaaeaeoai?iaeiea e i?i/ea oeene?oaiua eiioaeou eo/oa
inouanoaeyoue n /oaeiai ii nioiaiio aeaieieeo eee ?a-
aeeioaeeeieoaeth (ni. ?acaeae i oaioaaea), a oaeaea /a?ac iaiin?aae-
noaaiiia iiaeeeth/aiea e ethaie ia?a eiioaeoia a ?ani?aaeaeeoaeue-
iii ueoa;

– aeey aieueoae oaeiu ia?aaiai?ia iiaeii caaeaenoaiaaoue oeo-
?aoi?u (oioy au i?inoaiueeea eii?iaece?iaaiiua eiaa?ni?u e
ne?aiaea?u), oioy i?eiaiaiea eo niiniaii ?acei noeioee?iaaoue
aieiaiea ae?oaeo;

– ia neaaeoao iniai aeiaa?youe caueoa iin?aaenoaii eee ;

-anee au ia oioeoa niaanaaeieeo, oi
iiaeii iiiuoaoueny eciaieoue naie aiein (iin?aaenoaii iaoaie/an-
eeo e yeaeo?iiiuo ooo/ae eeai i?inoui iieaoeeaaieai, auoy-
aeaaieai e ?acaaaeaieai aoa, ia?aaeeiaieai iina) e noeeenoe/a-
neee ?enoiie ?acaiai?a (eniieueciaaieai aea?aiia);

– ia caauaaoue, /oi eiie ?ac i?ineooeaathony e oaeaoiiu-aa-
oiiaou, ?aniieiaeaiea eioi?uo eaaei au/eneyaony, eae e anao
i?i/eo oaeaoiiia;

– anee /oaeie caiiie aai ioaeai, ii iao aeaeaiey aeaaaoue naie
eii?aeeiaou, eniieuecoaony i?iiaaeooi/iue – n aaoiioaao/eeii
eee aeeaui , eioi?ue iiaeao eeai ciaoue, eeai ia
ciaoue (iaeiinoi?iiiee aa?eaio) aao /anoiue iiia? oaeaoiia;

– a ioaeaeueiuo neo/ayo aiciiaeii aanneiaaniia eniieueciaaiea
oaeaoiia, eiaaea iaeei, a /aua ianeieueei caiieia a ia-
eiai ?eoia yaeytho iaeioi?ue eiae;

– eiie?aoiui neaiaeii eiie ?ac iiaeao neoaeeoue i?inoi oaeo
caiiea ii?aaeaeaiiiai eeoea i?e naiii ionoyeiaii ?acaiai?a, a oae-
aea eiaeiaia oiiieiaiea iaeeo eiai i?e .

a) iaania/aiea neiaaniie aaciianiinoe:

– ia i?iaiaeeoue aeaeiaua ?acaiai?u ioe?uoui oaenoii;

– ia iacuaaoue iiaeeeiiuo aeao, oaieeee, aae?ania;

– eniieueciaaoue eiaeiaua iaeiaiiaaiey ioaeaeueiuo aeae- / -.
noaee; [1381

– iieueciaaoueny oneiaiui ycueii, a eioi?ii aaciaeaeiua o?a-
cu eiatho niaa?oaiii ae?oaie niune;

– caiieoue oieueei ii iaiaoiaeeiinoe, oioy aiciiaeai oaeaea aa-
?eaio /anouo ?acaiai?ia n iaeiei e oai aea /aeiaaeii
(oaeoeea ).

a) aanaaea i?e iinoi?iiieo:

– aanue aeeaeia aaaeao ia?oia?, a au eeoue aiai?eoa eee
, /oiau ?yaeii noiyuea ie eaiaeueee ia iiiyee e ia ociaee;

– i oii, /oi ?yaeii iinoi?iiiea, niiauaaony ioe?uoui oae-
noii eee neiaaniui eiaeii; aanaaeo iinea yoiai aeieaeai aanoe ia?o-
ia?, eioi?ue ia aeieaeai caaeaaaoue eaeeo-eeai aii?inia, o?aaoth-
ueo ?acaa?ioouo ioaaoia;

– eiaaea eiaaony i?yiie eiio?ieue ia i/aiue ae?oaeanoaaiiiai
eeoea, ia?oia? i?aaeoi?aaeaeaaony ia yoii iaaiai?aiiie o?acie-ei-
aeii (eo/oa a i?eaaonoaee), iinea /aai aanue ?acaiai? aaaeaony a io-
noiii?iaeiai eeai a aeaceioi?iaoeeiiiii noeea;

– anee iaeei ec niaanaaeieeia n/eoaao, /oi oaeaoii aai i?ineo-
oeaatho, ii n?aco aea noa?aaony i?aaeoi?aaeeoue ia yoii caiiyueo
aio iin?aaenoaii oi?ioi ecaanoiie anai ei o?acu ()
e ?acaiai? caoai nai?a/eaaaony a iaeo?aeueiia ?onei.

a) iieueciaaiea iauei oaeaoiiii (a eaa?oe?a, ia ?aaioa)

– eae iiaeii iaiaa eniieueciaaoue iiaeiaiue oaeaoii (a iniaai-
iinoe ), anee nea ia naycaii n ?acua?uaaaiie ?ieueth
(aeeniao/a?, aaaio ii ?aeeaia);

– caiieoue ia aeaiiue oaeaoii aeieaeai iaeei e oio aea /aeiaae;

– noa?aoueny ia caiieoue eceeoia iicaeii e neeoeii ?aii;

– i?e iiiuoea iinoi?iiieo eaeaioeoeoee?iaaoue aiein caiiy-
uaai (), ioaaoeoue aaaeeeai-iaeo?aeueii ( i Nineo-
aeeaaoe >) e anee aucuaaaiiai iao, oio/an i?ae?aoeoue aeaeueiaeooth
aanaaeo;

– a nouiinoe, ianeiaeii naeaeaoue e ioaeaeueiue oaeaoii, en-
iieuecoy, e i?eia?o, eiaeiaue ?acaaoaeoaeue, oae /oi i?e yoii
niaoeeoe/aneee iaai? iauaai iiia?a iaaeaaeii iaania/eo aucia
oieueei eeoue aaoaai aiia?aoa, ieneieueei ia cao?aaeaay ninaae-
iee.

A. I?aaiecaoeey ano?a/

O?iaaiue o?aaoaiuo a eiie?aoiuo neo/ayo ia? aaciianiinoe
caaeneo io aeaeaaiie noaiaie eiinie?aoeaiinoe eiioaeoa, io noa-
iaie eaaaeueiinoe aai o/anoieeia e i?aaeiieaaaaiie ?aaeueiinoe
eiio?iey aai /oaeaeaie.

a) auai? ianoa ano?a/e:

– i?eniao?eaay iiaeoiaeyuea ianoa aeey eiioaeoe?iaaiey,
iau/ii iie?athony ia i?eioeeiu anoanoaaiiinoe, iainiiaaiiinoe
e neo/aeiinoe;

– /anoua ano?a/e i?iua anaai inouanoaeyoue ia ianoa oaii-
aie ooniaee (aienuaaynue a aa ?enoiie), a caea nii?oeaiie naeoeee,
a ?aai/ai iiiauaiee;

– iniaaiii na?ueaciua nia?aiey iiaeii ?aaeeciaaoue a ioioie-
/ueeo oaiaeueyo, niaoeeaeueii niyouo aea/ao, a aaiyo, eo?i?oiuo naia-
oi?eyo, ia any/aneeo nii?oeaiuo aacao, ia ieyaeao caa?aieoeu;

. s – ia?iua ano?a/e iacia/athony a iao?i e neaa?ao, a ooa-
[382JJ eaoao e a aaoiiiaeeyo, ia iaeiiaeeaeaiiuo oeeoeao, a cii-

ia?eao, iocayo e ia aunoaaeao; ia?ana/aiey a neo ianoao ia i/aiue
iaeeaeaaiu, a iioiio iie iaiaa iianiua;

– neaaeoao aicaea?aeeaaoueny io eiinie?aoeaiuo ano?a/ a ecaa-
noiii ?anoi?aia, iiaeiii eaoa e ia aiecaea, o/eouaay, /oi oaeea
oi/ee iau/ii eiio?iee?othony;

– aiciiaeii i?iaaaeaiea ano?a/ a /anoiuo eaa?-
oe?ao o?aoueeo eeoe ii iainiiaaiiiio iiaiaeo (iioi?iiu, thaeeae,
iaeiai niauoey);

– ia neaaeoao inouanoaeyoue eaeeo-oi ano?a/ (e?iia iauaeaiii
I?eau/iuo) a noa?aioeiiuo eiiioiaeueiuo eaa?oe?ao;

– i?aaeaeueii ia?aie/aiii eniieueciaaoue aeey eiioaeoe?iaaiey
nianoaaiiua eaa?oe?u;

. – a iaeioi?uo neo/ayo eiaao niune niyoue niaoeeaeueioth eii-
nIe?aoeaioth eaa?oe?o, ii aiciiaeiinoe a oii aeiia, aaea anoue aeoa-
ee?othuee auoiae;

-1- iniao?eaay ianoi ano?a/e, anaaaea eiaoue a aeaeo, iiaeii ee
ooaea (iaeiio?iee?oaii i?iieeiooue e eaeei ia?acii ioooaea iiae-
ii iacaiaoii oneieueciooue; iiiieoa noa?oth enoeio:
,/ a) eioi?ie?iaaiea i ano?a/a:

– ianoa aiciiaeiie ano?a/e iau/ii iaaiaa?eaatho ca?aiaa, e
anai ei i?eaeaaony eiaeiaia – aoeaaiiia, oeeo?iaia eee aea – iaeiaiiaaiea, i?e/ai ianeieueei ia eaaeaeia;

– i iaia/aaiii eiioaeoa ae?oaei niiauaaony ii oaeaoiio,
iaeaeaea?o, ienueiii, a oaeaea /a?ac naycieea;

– naiaa?eaaynue i ano?a/a ii eeieyi nayce, en-
iieuecotho eiaeiaia iaeiaiiaaiea ianoa, oeo?iaaiioth aeaoo (e i?e-
ia?o, aeaiue ia?aae oeacaiiui) e naeaeiooia a?aiy (ia iinoiyiiia
eeai neieuecyuaa /enei);

– aei ianooieaiey iaia/aiiiai n?iea iaiaoiaeeii auaeaoue iiae-
oaa?aeaeaiea eiioaeoa eeai ioe?uoui oaenoii, eeai neaiaeueiie
naycueth;

– a neo/aa, anee i?e ano?a/a aeiionoeii iaeeaeaiea (ia inoa-
iiaea ai?iaeneiai o?ainii?oa, a i/a?aaee ia aaoicai?aaea), aeaea-
oaeueii oeacaoue eiie?aoiue i?iiaaeooie a?aiaie, iinea eioi?iai
aeaeaoue oaea ia iaaei.

a) i?iaaaeaiea ano?a/e:

– ia iiiaiethaeiua nia?aiey neaaeoao i?eauaaoue ia neiiii, a
?ann?aaeioi/eaoenue e ia inoaaeyy a iaeiii ianoa ana ee/iua aaoi-
iiaeee;

– noa?aoueny ecaaaaoue i?enoonoaey ia nai?ao eaeeo-eeai ii-
noi?iiieo e eeoieo eeoe;

– iiieiay, /oi i iiiaiethaeiuo oaeiuo ano?a/ao nei?aa ana-
ai aoaeoo ciaoue e oa, eiio ia iaaei, iaiaoiaeeii ieeiaaea ia a?aoue n
niaie eaeeo-eeai yaii eiii?iiaoe?othueo aauae (i?oaeey, iiae-
aeaeueiuo aeieoiaioia), e iiiieoue, /oi eo iiaoo eiie ?ac iiaeno-
iooue;

– i/aiue aeaeaoaeai eiio?ieue ianoa iauaiey niaoeeaeueiuie
ethaeueie aei, ai a?aiy e iinea ano?a/e, n oai /oiau i?e iaiaoiaee-
iinoe iie iiaee i?aaeoi?aaeeoue i aicieeathuae iianiinoe ii nia-
noaaiiui eee eniieuecoy eaeea-eeai iaaiai- /
?aiiua (o/eouaay naie caoaao) neaiaeu; IJ383]

– i?e any/aneii eiioaeoa iaaei i?eeeaeuaaoue, eaeei aea ia-
?acii aan iiaoo iiaeaeyaeaoue eee iiaeneooaoue; oi?yii caaeaaaeoa
naaa e?aoeea aii?inu: *Aaea? Eae? Eoi?>;

– iniai oaeiua aanaaeu iaaei inouanoaeyoue a eieaeueiuo eci-
ee?iaaiiuo oi/eao, i?iaa?aiiuo e iiaeno?aoiaaiiuo ia ana aic-
iiaeiinoe iiaeneooeaaiey, iiaeaeyaeuaaiey e iiae?uaa;

‘ – aeaeaoaeueii eiaoue oioy au i?inoaiueeea eiaeeeaoi?u, niia-
uathuea ia eceo/aiee ?aaeeiiee?ioiiia eee aea i iaee/ee o ni-
aanaaeieea ieoouaai aeeeoioiia; -\

– iieacii i?eiaiaiea aeaaea ene?iauo aeooeoa-\
eae, a oaeaea aaia?aoi?ia noe?aiey iaaieoiie caiene;

– eeanne/aneea iaeaaaeueiua ia?iua ano?a/e anaaaea ?ann/e-
ouaathony aei ieioou e i?iaiaeyony eae ;

– /oiau ai?eoe?eo i?eeoe ia oi/eo ano?a/e, iaiaoiaeeii ca-
?aiaa i?iaanoe o?iiiiao?aae aeaeaeaiey e aeaoue iaeioi?ue caian/
a?aiaie ia any/aneea iaiaeeaeaiiinoe (ia?ae?uaaiea ia?o?ooiie
o?annu, i?eaycuaaiea iinoi?iiiaai, o?ainii?oiay aaa?ey);

– eiaaea ia?ana/aiea caieaie?iaaii ia oeeoea, oi ia iaoaao
i?iaoeyoueny oai aaea-ieaoaeue ca /an aei ano?a/e, aieiaoaeueii i?e-
aeyaeuaaynue e eaaeaeiio i?ioiaeaio e anai ia?eothueiny aaoiii-
aeeyi; anee aan /oi-oi ianoi?aaeeaaao, oi eiioaeo iaiaoiaeeii io-
eiaeeoue, niiauea ia yoii naiaio ia?oia?o i?eaiaie caeaiooee-
?iaaiiie neaiaeueiie nayce;

– i?e ano?a/ao n iaciaeiiuie ia?niiaie iineaaeieo ociatho
ii iienaieth eo aiaoiaai aeaea, eiie?aoiie iica eee aeanoo, oii-
ieiaieth i aauao, oaea?aeeaaaiuo a ?oeao, a eo/oa anaai – ii oi-
oia?aoee, n aeaeueiaeoei iiaeoaa?aeaeaieai eaeaioe/iinoe neiaan-
iui (e ae?oaei) ia?ieai;

– ?aniieaaaoueny a noaoeeiia?a iaiaoiaeeii oae, /oiau ana a?a-
iy eiio?iee?iaaoue yaiua ianoa aicieeiiaaiey oa?icu (neaaeai, a
eaoa – eeoeii ei aoiaeo, aeaey i?e yoii oi, /oi i?ienoiaeeo ca ie-
iii, e ?aciauaynue iaaeaeaei io ioe?uoiai neoaeaaiiai oiaea);

– iiiieoue e auiieiyoue ana ?aiaa oeacaiiua i?aaeea neiaan-
iiai iauaiey.

Ae.

Auaatho neooaoeee, aue?ooeoueny ec eioi?uo aiciiaeii oieueei
a oii neo/aa, anee a?aiaiii (a oi e iaanaaaea) en/aciooue ec iiey
c?aiey ioaeaeueiuo eeoe, no?oeoo? eee i?aaiecaoeee. Yoio aniaeo iu
caeanue e ?anniio?ei:

iiae?acoiaaaao eeai iieiia i?ae?auaiea ea-
eeo-ieaoaeue iaiiieiaiee i naaa, eeai yeaiaioa?iia ne?uaaiea ni
nai?ii nee aeey iaianaiey iiaaaeiiai oaea?a;

– ?aoea oeoe, iaaei i?eeeiooue: eoi, eae, e n eaeie aeoeaiin-
oueth aoaeao eneaoue aan, a iioii, iniiauaaynue ia oaeeo i?aaeiieiaea-
ieyo, au?aaioaoue niinia oneieuecaiey e noaio iiaaaeaiey a aeaeue-
iaeoae aeecie;

– oeoe iiaeii iooai i?inoiai en/aciiaaiey eeai iin?aaenoaii
eieoaoeee nia?oe (ian/anoiue neo/ae, naiioaeenoai), a eiie ?ac
e iioeuaiey;

– i?e eieoaoeee nia?oe aiciiaeiu aa?eaiou iaiaeia (iaeaae-
aea ia aa?aao ?aee) e naeaeaoaeae (?acua?uaaiea o?thea), iiae-
iaiu oaea (n o/aoii aa?iyoiinoe iiiuoee eaeaioeoeea-

. ‘ \

oeee), a a ecyuiie eiiaeiaoeee aeaaea einoeaie?iaea eii/eiu n
iaee/eai aaoaai e /aoeie caaeieoiaioe?iaaiiinoueth yoi-
ai oaeoa;

– a i?inoaeoai neo/aa iau/ii ia?aie/eaathony ia?aaace?i-
aaieai a ae?oaia ianoi aeeoaeuenoaa, ieeae ia naycaiiia n ethauie
i?ioeuie eiioaeoaie e aeia?aoeae; aeiaieueii ia?niaeoeaii on-
eieuecaiea ca a?aieoeo eeai ooaea, eoaea aaoe i?ioeaieee ia i/aiue-
oi oioaee au niaaoueny;

– ia iaeee n?ie ia?a?oaathony ana ee/iua e ?acei ia?aie/e-
aathony aeaeiaua eiioaeou;

– aaeeaaiea a iiaii ianoa aiciiaeii /a?ac aeaiueio (aeaieoue-
aa), ?aaioo (eioe?oaiay niaoeeaeueiinoue) eee niaoeeaeueii iiaeaioia-
eaiiue o?the (aiacaiii iaia?oaeeaoeeny ?iaenoaaiiee);

– iieacii eciaieoue ana ianii?oiua aeaiiua (acyoue, iai?eia?,
oaieeeth aeaiu eee ainiieueciaaoueny iiaeaeaeueiuie aoiaaaie) e
oioy au ianeieueei – naie iaeee (i?e/aneie, ai?iaeie, onaie, ia-
ee/eai e oeiii i/eia);

– a na?ueaciuo neo/ayo aiciiaeiu ieanoe/aneay (eeoei) iethn
oe?o?ae/aneay (iioiaeea) iia?aoeee, a oaeaea aeiiioe/aneea aic-
aeaenoaey aeey ono?aiaiey noa?uo e ia?aoaiey iiauo i?eau/ae);

– ia iaaei caauaaoue, /oi nia?aiaiiua iaoiaeeee (e i?eia?o,
aaiaoe/aneay) eaeaioeoeeaoeee niiniaiu a ethaii neo/aa onoaii-
aeoue enoeio; aii?in eeoue a oii, ni/ooo ee ioaeiui nei caieiaoue-
ny eee i?eau/ii ia?aie/aony noaiaea?oiuie ?anni?inaie aeoia n
enneaaeiaaieai aeieoiaioia e oioia?aoee.

A aio /oi niaaooao ciaoue ?. ?iiei (1998) i ac?uaiuo ono?ie-
noaao:

(INO-731) iicaieyao iaia?oaeeoue i?aeoe/anee ana aeaeu AA
(o?ioee, oao?ee, aeeiaieo, ieo?iaeeoea?ei, ieo?ioeaeetheico, ie-
neae iee?eia). Iaee/ea oiai eee eiiai oeaaoa, eioi?ue i?iyaeyao-
ny ia oanoiaie aoiaaa, iicaieyao aeieacaoue, /oi a i?iaa?yaiii
iauaeoa (eaena, ei?iaea, ienueia) iaoiaeeony AA. I?iaaaeaiea iie-
iiai oanoa caieiaao ia aieaa ieioou.

Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi a ianoiyuaa a?aiy eo/oei aeaoaeoi-
?ii AA yaeyaony niaa/ee iin. Niaoeeaeueii iao/aiiua niaaee
ieiii-?acuneiie neoaeau niiniaiu ecae?aoaeueii iaia?oaeeaaoue
aanueia iaeua eiee/anoaa AA. I?e yoii ca?yae AA iiaeao auoue a
a?oioa, aaaaaea iannaaee?ia, eaena, aaoiiiaeea e o. ae. E niaeaea-
ieth, yooaeoeaiinoue iienea caaeneo io ineoioeceieiae/aneiai
ninoiyiey niaaee. Niaaee aeieaeiu iinoiyiii o?aie?iaaoueny.
I?iionee a ?aaioa eee o?aie?iaea aieaa 1-2 ianyoeaa iaaeiion-
oeiu. I?e aunieie oaiia?aoo?a (nauoa +25-30?N) niaaee nii-
niaiu ?aaioaoue ia aieaa 30-40 ieioo, a caoai o?aaoaony ioaeuo a
oaie eae ieieioi a oa/aiea 1-2 /ania. AEaeaoaeueii, /oiau i?e
iienea AA niaaeo ia ioaeaeaee iinoi?iiiea ethaee, ooi oaoieee
e o. ae.

Iaia?oaeaiea ?aaeeioi?aaeyaiuo AO iiaeao inouanoaeyoueny
iooai eniieueciaaiey iaoiaea iaeeiaeiie ?aaeeieieaoeee. Noua-
noaothuea ioa/anoaaiiua ia?aiiniua i?eai?u iaeeiaeiie eiea-
oeee “Ieoaaa”, “Iaue”, “Iiaaa”, a oaeaea ca?oaaaeiua i?eai?u i?aae-
iacia/aiu aeey iaia?oaeaiey ono?ienoa, niaea?aeaueo iieoi?iaiae-
ieeiaua yeaiaiou (o?aicenoi?u, aeeiaeu, iee?inoaiu e o. i.) a
naiae eiino?oeoeee. Yeaeo?iiiay noaia iauaeoa iienea (AO) ii-
aeao iaoiaeeoueny eae ai aeeth/aiiii, oae e a aueeth/aiiii ninoiy-
iee. N iiiiuueth yoeo i?eai?ia aiciiaeii oaeaea iaia?oaeaiea AO,
niaea?aeaueo yeaeo?iiiua oaeia?u (a?aiaiiua ac?uaaoaee).

Iauaeou iienea iiaoo ?aniieaaaoueny a iieoi?iaiaeyuae n?a-
aea (a?oioa, aiaea, ?anoeoaeueiinoe), a oaeaea a noaiao caeaiee, noi-
eao, aioo?e aaoiiiaeeae e ae?oaeo ianoao. Iiene cao?oaeiai oieue-
ei a iaiin?aaenoaaiiie aeecinoe io YAI, oaenia, iaeioi?uo
nia?aiaiiuo oaeaoiiia e ae?oaeo ono?ienoa, niaea?aeaueo iieo-
i?iaiaeieeiaua ?aaeeiaeaoaee a naiae eiino?oeoeee. I?eai?u ia-
,–e, eeiaeiie eieaoeee ninoiyo ec aioaiiiai ono?ienoaa (ia oa-
[388 JJ eaneiie/aneie ooaiaa) e i?eaii-ia?aaeathuaai aeiea. Aeey

?anoe?aiey oaeoe/aneeo aiciiaeiinoae i?eai?a a i?eaiiii e
ia?aaeathuai ono?ienoaao i?aaeoniio?aia ?aaoee?iaea eae /oa-
noaeoaeueiinoe, oae e iiuiinoe. Eiio?ieue ?aaioiniiniaiinoe
i?eai?a inouanoaeyaony n iiiiuueth iaeeiaeiiai eieoaoi?a,

I?eai?u iaeeiaeiie eieaoeee ?aaioatho, eae i?aaeei, a aea-
oeeiao?iaii aeeaiaciia ?aaeeiaiei. Eo oa?aeoa?iua ?acia?u ni-
noaaeytho 0,2-0,4 i, ianna – aei 4-8 ea. Aeaeueiinoue iaia?oaeaiey
AO n ?aaeeiyeaeo?iiiuie ono?ienoaaie – aei 1,5-2 i. A?aiy ?a-
aiou io aaoiiiiiuo enoi/ieeia ieoaiey – aei 4-6 /ania.

Ai?i/ai, iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue, /oi a ioaeaeueiuo neo/ayo aic-
iiaeai iiae?ua i?inoaeoeo iaye?aie?iaaiiuo naiiaeaeueiuo ?a-
aeeioi?aaeyaiuo AO i?e iiaeianaiee e iei aieioioth aioaiiiai
ono?ienoaa i?eai?a iaeeiaeiie eieaoeee. Ca ?oaaaeii auionea-
thony niaoeeaeueiua ia?aiiniua “oie/oiaeeoaee aiia” (Bomb
Ranger), iiae?uaathuea ?aaeeioi?aaeyaiua AO iooai auno?iai ia-
?aai?a aiciiaeiuo eiiaiae oi?aaeaiey ia ?annoiyiee aei 1 ei. On-
oaiiaeaiiue ca?aiaa a io?aiyaiue aaoiiiaeeue, ii auciaao iiae-
?ua AO e nianao aeeciue aeaaeaeueoea aaoiiiaeey.

Ac?uaiua ono?ienoaa n /aniaui caiueaoaeai (ac?uaaoaeai)
iiaoo iaia?oaeeaaoueny iooai eniieueciaaiey ii?oaoeaiuo eiioae-
oiuo iee?ioiiia (oiiaiaeineiiia). Yoe i?eai?u iicaieytho nie-
iaoue aeonoe/aneoth eioi?iaoeeth /a?ac noaiu, iioieee e ae?oaea
ia?aaeaeathuea eiino?oeoeee aie?oa AO. Aeey nieaeaiey o?iaiy aia-
oieo ooiia aeao/ee iaiaoiaeeii cae?aieyoue ia aa?iaoeea a oao
ianoao ia?aaeaeathueo eiino?oeoeee, aaea iie oiiueoa anaai e ia
i/aiue ieioiu.

I?iaiaeiua eeiee oi?aaeaiey AO iiaeii iaia?oaeeaaoue a ii-
eaauo oneiaeyo iooai i?eiaiaiey ia?aiiniuo yeaeo?iiaaieo-
iuo eaaaeaeneaoaeae (R-210, ?-480 – NOA e o. i.). Iie aeeth-
/atho a naay ia?aaeathuee e i?eaiiue aeiee, cae?aieyaiua ia
eiioeao ianouae ooaiae aeeeiie 1-1,4 i. ?aai/ea /anoiou 40-
100 eAoe. Aeoaeia iaia?oaeaiey iaoiaeyueony a a?oioa eaaaeueiuo
eeiee oi?aaeaiey – aei 1 i. ?an/ao – 1 /aeiaae, nei?inoue aaaea-
iey iienea – aei 2-3 ei//. Ianna i?eai?ia – aei 4-6 ea.

Iaoaeee/aneea yeaiaiou eiino?oeoeee AO iiaoo iaia?oaee-
aaoueny n i?eiaiaieai ia?aiiniuo e noaoeeiia?iuo (“ai?ioa”) ia-
oaeeieneaoaeae. A ieo eniieuecothony aeaa iaoiaea iaia?oaeaiey –
eiaeoeoeeiiiue eee iaaieoiiao?e/aneee. Ia?aue iaania/eaaao
iaia?oaeaiea eae oeaaoiuo, oae e /a?iuo iaoaeeia. Aoi?ie – oieue-
ei /a?iuo (noaeue e aa nieaau), ii ii aieaa /oanoaeoaeai, /ai ia?-
aue iaoiae.

Iai?eia?, ioa/anoaaiiua eiaeoeoeeiiiua ii?oaoeaiua aeaoae-
oi?u iaoaeeia AEA-7202 (ianna 0,4 ea) e “NOA?O-92A?” (ianna
1,5 ea) iaania/eaatho iaia?oaeaiea ienoieaoa ia ?annoiyiee aei
0,4-0,6 i, aaoiiaoa – aei 1-1,2 i. Aieaa /oanoaeoaeueiue i?eai?
“NOA?O-92A?” iaania/eaaao, e?iia oiai, naeaeoeeth i?aaeiaoia ia
/a?iua e oeaaoiua iaoaeeu. Aeaeueiinoue iaia?oaeaiey iaoaeee/a-
neeo i?aaeiaoia a a?oioa e i?aniie aiaea i?aeoe/anee oaeay aea, eae
e a aicaeooa. Ioa/anoaaiiue iaoaeeieneaoaeue a?i/iiai oeia (“ai-
?ioa”), ia?ea INO-751, neoaeeo aeey iaia?oaeaiey iaoaeee/aneeo
i?aaeiaoia i?e i?ioiaea /a?ac aeaa?iie i?iai, a?i/ioth ia- ^.–^
?aai?iaeeo e o. ae. Aiciiaeia iano?ieea /oanoaeoaeueiinoe IJL389J

IWHI-rt A-

iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia eiie?aoiue i?aaeiao (a?aiaoo, ienoieao, oi-
eiaeiia i?oaeea e ae?.). Oe?eia a?i/iiai i?iaia 90-120 ni. I?e-
ai? i?aaeiacia/ai aeey eniieueciaaiey a aaieao, ioenao, oaiiaeai-
iuo neoaeaao e ae?oaeo i?aaiecaoeeyo aeey i?ana/aiey ianaieoeei-
ie?iaaiiiai i?iiina i?oaeey, aiia?aoo?u, ac?uaiuo ono?ienoa,
ae?aaioeaiiuo iaoaeeia. \^ /

Aanueia oaeiaiu e iaaeaaeiu a yenieoaoaoeee oa??iciiaeiaua ia-
oaeeieneaoaee oe?iu OA?NOA? (Aa?iaiey), eniieuecothuea iaa-
ieoiiao?e/aneee iaoiae iaia?oaeaiey. Ec iaeaieaa ieieaoth?iuo
ca?oaaaeiuo eiaeoeoeeiiiuo iaoaeeieneaoaeae neaaeoao ioiaoeoue
i?eai? LBD-105 (NOA), i?aaeiacia/aiiue aeey auno?iai iniio?a
ethaeae, aaaaaea, ioeniie iaaaee e o. i. a oeaeyo iaia?oaeaiey AO,

no?aeeiaiai e oieiaeiiai i?oaeey.

Iaiaeii?iaeiinoe aiauathuae n?aaeu a ianoa onoaiiaee AO iiae-
ii ?aaeno?e?iaaoue n iiiiuueth niaeo?iciiaeueiuo e iiey?ecaoee-
iiiuo ii?oaoeaiuo iioe/aneeo i?eai?ia. Iiaeiaiua ia?aiiniua
i?eai?u eniieuecothony a no?ieoaeuenoaa aeey aeenoaioeeiiiiai eii-
o?iey ea/anoaa ?acee/iuo eiino?oeoeee (aeaeaciaaoiiiuo e ia-
oaeee/aneeo aaeie. Iii? e o. ae.).

A ii/iia a?aiy yooaeoeaii i?eiaiaiea iaeiaaaa?eoiie oai-
eiaeceiiiie aiia?aoo?u, iaeaaeathuae ?ac?aoathuae niiniaiin-
oueth a aeanyoua aeiee a?aaeona Oeaeueney.

Ac?uaiua ono?ienoaa, onoaiiaeaiiua a a?oioa, iiaoo auoue ia-
ia?oaeaiu oaeaea n eniieueciaaieai uoiia. Iaeiia/ieee uoiia
iaiaoiaeeii ecaioaaeeaaoue ec oaa?aeuo iaiaoaeee/aneeo iaoa?e-
aeia (neoaeea e o. i.), /oi eneeth/eo iiae?ua i?e eniieueciaaiee
i?ioeaiuoiiuo yeaeo?e/aneeo caiueaoaeae.

Oa?aeoa?iua i?eciaee oi?iu ac?uaiuo ono?ienoa e i?oaeey,
iaoiaeyueony a aaaaaea, iiaeii auyaeyoue, eniieuecoy noaoeeiia?-
ioth ?aioaaiianeoth aiia?aoo?o, ?aaioathuoth ia . Iia en- j
iieuecoaony a aaieao, ioenao e ae?oaeo ianoao, j

Iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue, /oi ie iaeei ec ?anniio?aiiuo iaoiaeia
iaia?oaeaiey ia iiaeao a iieiie ia?a iaania/eoue iaaeaaeiinoue ia- j
ia?oaeaiey AO. Oeaeaniia?acii eiiieaenii eniieueciaaoue iaoiaeu ;

e iieneiaoth aiia?aoo?o. Iaeaieueoay aaciianiinoue iaania/eaa-
aony i?e yoii ca n/ao i?eiaiaiey oaeaoi?aaeyaiie ?iaioece?i-
aaiiie oaoieee>.

A aio /oi niaaooao ?. ?iiei (1998) aeey aaciianiinoe aecian-
iaia: 1

iiiaiooieoeeiiaeueii: e oioa?u iie o|
^–e ieo, e iinueueiua, e eaia?aeeia?u, e aia ciaao eoi aua. |
1^392 JJ N?aco neaaeo, /oi oaeie iiaeoiae /aua anaai iaaa?ai. I?i-;

noie i?eia?: o aan aeaia io?aiieeia a aaoiiiaeea aianoa n aaie.
Au auoiaeeoa, iaeei ec ieo ioe?uaaao aai aeaa?oeo, aoi?ie aueeth-
/aao caaeeaaiea e i?y/ao eeth/e a ea?iai. Naeoiaeiia aeaei, ii ?oee
e aeaca o iaieo caiyou. Yoeo aeaoo-o?ao naeoiae aiieia aeinoaoi/ii
aeey oiai, /oiau aac anyeeo iiiao cano?aeeoue e aan, e eo. Ee/ii
iia oaaoeei au ia aeaiiia ia?ii?eyoea iieoi?u naeoiaeu.

Yenia?ou aaeeiu ai iiaiee, /oi aeaaea iaeei-aaeeinoaaiiue oa-
eio?aieoaeue niiniaai oaa?a/ue eeeaioa io iiiaeanoaa iai?eyoiin-
oae, anee ii – i?ioanneiiae. I?aaaea, a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea ca aec-
ianiaiii ia/eiatho ieaiiia?ii ioioeoueny ae?oaea i?ioanneiia-
eu, aai oainu inoaoueny a aeeauo ?acei nieaeathony. Oai ia iaiaa
iaaeaaeii “cae?uoue” io eeeea?ia iiaeii a i?eioeeia ethaiai eee-
aioa. Iaeiaei yoi o?aaoao oeaeie eiiaiaeu oi?ioi iiaeaioiaeaiiuo
niaoeeaeenoia, nenoaiaoe/aneie iia?aoeaiie ?aaiou, ia?aieeann-
iuo oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa, oi anoue noieo aieueoeo aeaiaa. Iaei eiio
ii ea?iaio niaea?aeaoue “ee/ioth aaa?aeeth” a 10-20 /aeiaae. Iiaeaa-
eythuaa aieueoeinoai aecianiaiia a no?aiao NIA e Ainoi/iie Aa-
?iiu noa?aaony iaoiaeeoueny ia aieaa /ai aeaoiy-o?aiy “o?aieoa-
eyie” naiaai oaea.

Anee o aan iaeei oaeio?aieoaeue, oi eo/oa ana a?aiy oiaeeoue n iei
aianoa. Anee aea eo o aan aeaa, oi ia?aae oai, eae aoiaeeoue a iiaeuacae,
iaiaoiaeeii iaeiiai ioi?aaeoue i?iaa?eoue ana eanoie/iua eeaoee. Ia-
ieioi ca?aiaa iiaaniieieoueny e i a?iiaaeeeaoao aeey anao.

Ioe?ua iaaieueooth oaeio, neaaeo, /oi iiaeaaeythuaa aieueoei-
noai caeaciuo oaeenoa ia Caiaaea niaa?oaaony niaeia?aie n aieue-
oiai ?annoiyiey. Yoi a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue iauyniyaony oai, /oi ca
a?aieoeae i/aiue oi?ioi ?acaeoa oeiea oaeio?aieoaeae. E anee o
ian oaeeoeu i?aaeii/eoatho iiaeuacaeu, oi ia Caiaaea oaeio?aieoaee
a oaeie neooaoeee iaiiaaiii i?aa?aoyo eeeea?a a ?aoaoi.

Iau/ii aecianiaiu naie ?aoatho, eiio aeiaa?eoue naith aeeciue,
caei?iauea e iaoa?eaeueiia aeaaiiieo/ea. Iiyoiio iaaei, /oiau iie
i?eaioe?iaaeenue a i?iaeaiao, naycaiiuo n “aiaeeaa?aen” – “io?a-
iie oaea”. Ia/iai n ?anniio?aiey iaeioi?uo ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo
ieoia.

Ieo ? 1: Oaeio?aieoaeue – yoi oe?ieiiea/ee aoeao auni-
eiai ?inoa e n ioaeiauie eoeaeaie.

Aea, a iaeioi?uo aeaeao io?aiiie aeayoaeueiinoe (i?e iaania/a-
iee ii?yaeea ia ianniauo ia?ii?eyoeyo, io?aia aaieia, ioenia,
aa?ia, iaaaceiia) o?aaothony ethaee, aiooathuea oaean naiae ian-
nie. Ii anee aiai?eoue i ee/iie io?aia, oi caeanue aieueoa oeaiyony
oa, eoi ia auaeaeyaony ie aiaoiinoueth, ie iaeaaeaeie, ie iiaaaeaie-
ai. Ai?acaei aaaeiaa, /oiau aaoe caueoieee eiaee aieiao ia iea-
/ao e oiaee ath iieueciaaoueny. Aaaeue aeaaiay eo caaea/a ia a oii,
/oiau cae?uaaoue aan io ioeue naieie oaeaie (enoaoe, ieeoi yoiai
e ia noaiao aeaeaoue, ?acaa /oi neo/aeii), a a i?aaeioa?auaiee yeno-
?aiaeueiuo neooaoeee e a iieieaiiniuo, ii oeaeaniia?aciuo e a?a-
iioiuo aeaenoaeyo, anee oaeea neooaoeee ana aea aicieeatho..

Aaconeiaii, iao i?aaee aac eneeth/aiee. Nouanoaotho ?acee/-
iua iioeau iiaeai?a oaeio?aieoaeae. Anee iie ioaeiu aai ec ni-
ia?aaeaiee i?anoeaea eee ?aaee ono?aoaiey ie?oaeathueo, oi au-
nieee ?ino e aan ca 100 ea i?inoi iaiaoiaeeiu. Ana aea ia e,–E
caauaaeoa, /oi /ai aieueoa ieoaiue, oai eaa/a a iaa iiianoue. [[393 JJ

Ieo ? 2: Oaeio?aieoaeue aeieaeai eiaoue “/a?iue iiyn” a ea-
?aoy eee auoue /aiieiiii ii eee-aieno.

Eiaoue aiaaoia nii?oeaiia i?ioeia, iiaeao auoue, e i?eyoii
aeey naiiai iaeaaeaoaey ii/aoiuo caaiee. Aiieia aa?iyoii oaeaea,
/oi yoei iiaeao oaanoaoue ia?aae ae?ocueyie e i?annie aai ?aaioiaea-
oaeue. Ii nouanoaotho eae/ieieioi o?e aeiaiaea, iicaieythuea onii-
ieoueny a iaiaoiaeeiinoe eiiieaeoiaaiey naiae “aaa?aeee” ec aua-
oeo ianoa?ia eoeaea e iiae. Ai-ia?auo, iaiano?aeueiia i?oaeea
iicaieyao iaiaaeathuei ia anooiaoue a oece/aneee eiioaeo n io?a-
iie aea?oau. Ai-aoi?uo, nii?oeaiay oaoieea iai?eaiaeia aeey ?a-
aeueiuo “?acai?ie”. A-o?aoueeo, a?io oeaia i?ioanneiiaeo, anee ii
nai no?aieony aeiaanoe aeaei aei ?oeiiaoiie. Ii aeieaeai oae no?i-
eoue naia iiaaaeaiea, /oiau o iioaioeeaeueiiai aa?anni?a ia/enoi
i?iiaaeaei anyeia aeaeaiea iaiaaeaoue.

Neacaiiia ia io?eoeaao iieueco ?aaoey?iuo caiyoee ?oeiiao-
iui aiai, iniaaiii anee a i?ioeanna eo aeaeaaony aeoeaio ia nia?-
?eiae a aeanoeee eiioaeo. Oaeie o?aieia oe?aieyao o oaeio?aie-

oaey /oanoai oaa?aiiinoe a naaa, iaania/eaaao aai iaoycaeiinoue a
iioaniaeao n iau/iuie ooeeaaiaie, iiaeaea?aeeaaao aunieee o?i-
aaiue oece/aneie ?aaioiniiniaiinoe.

Ieo ? 3: Ca iea/aie oaeio?aieoaey iaycaoaeueii aeieaeai
auoue Aoaai, Ainiey eee *a/iy, ia ooaeie eiiaoe – neoaeaa a niaoe-
iaca eeai aeanaioa.

Oa, eioi?ua oae aeoiatho, ia iiieiatho, /oi anyeee iiuo nia-
oeeoe/ai. Oiaiea ono?aeaaoue canaaeu a ai?ao eee i?uaaoue ii/ueth
ia ia?aothoa a i?eioeeia ia o?aaoaony oaeio?aieoaeth. Iiiaea,
i?aaaea, n/eoatho, /oi ethaee, i?ioaaeoea /a?ac “iyni?oaeo” ianoi-
yuae aieiu, iieo/eee eieinnaeueioth ineoieiae/aneoth caeaeeo.

Io/anoe yoi aa?ii, ii oieueei ii ioiioaieth e oai, eoi ioi?a-
aeeny ia aieio, eiay niioaaonoaothuoth iiaeaioiaeo e n oaaaeaeaie-
ai a iaiaoiaeeiinoe ee/iiai o/anoey a iae. Oaeeo, eae ecaanoii,
auei iaiiiai, e iie, eae i?aaeei, ia iaieiathony a oaeio?aieoa-
ee. Nei?aa iiaoo noaoue iaaiiuie oaeeoeaie.

O inoaeueiuo aiaiiue iiuo i?eaiaeeo e aeeiaieecio, ia?ei-
iaiee, iaa?icai, aeai?annee. Iaiaei e oao, o eiai i?inoi “aaeao
e?uoa”. Ioiaoei, /oi ee/iay io?aia aia?eeaineeo aecianiaiia
ieeiaaea ia ?ae?ooe?iaaeanue ec auaoeo ii?neeo iaoioeioeaa, i?i-
oaaeoeo /a?ac Aueaoiai, oioy eeiiaiaaeee oii?ii iaua?uaaee
oaeie aa?eaio.

Ieo ? 4: Naiua eo/oea oaeio?aieoaee – auaoea nio?oae-

ieee iia?aoeaiuo iiae?acaeaeaiee ainaaciianiinoe eee ieeeoeee.

Aeaenoaeoaeueii, eo i?ioanneiiaeueiue iiuo e iiaeaioiaea aeec-
ee e oiio, /oi o?aaoaony oaeio?aieoaeth (iaauee neaaeee, ioe?u-
oiai iaaethaeaiey, caoaaoa i?anooiieeia, no?aeueau, aiaeaeaiey aa-
oiiiaeey e o. ae.). E oiio aea o ieo nio?aiythony nayce n auaoeie
nineoaeeaoeaie.

Iaeiaei eia-eaeea i?ioeua iaauee iiaoo ieacaoueny a /ano-
iie io?aia a?aaeiuie, iai?eia? i?eau/ea aeaeaoue i?aaeoi?aaee-
oaeueiue auno?ae a aicaeoo. Aua oyaeaeaa i?eaueiooue e ?aaioa a
. oneiaeyo i?aaiaiai aani?aaeaea. Oae, i?oaeea oaeio?aieoaeue (anee
E,–^ o iaai anoue ?ac?aoaiea ia aai iioaiea) iiaeao i?eiaiyoue,
[[394JJ eae e ana a?aaeaeaia, oieueei a neo/ayo iaiaoiaeeiie iai?i-

iu. Aeii?aoeaaoue caaea?aeaiiuo aiiaua ia eiaao ieeaeiai i?aaa,
aaaeue n oi/ee c?aiey caeiia ii – /anoiia eeoei. Ia?u oece/anei-
ai aicaeaenoaey n oeaeueth caueou eeeaioa eaaei eaaeeoeoee?iaaoue
eae ceinoiia ooeeaainoai, a i?aneaaeiaaiea i?anooiieea – eae ia-
?ooaiea iai?eeiniiaaiiinoe aeeeeua, aoi?aeaiea a /anoioth
aeeciue a?aaeaeai e oiio iiaeiaiia. Aaaeue iiiaea th?enou neoaeao ia
aiaeia ni?aaaaeeeainoe Oaieaea, a oai, eoi aieueoa ieaoeo.

Iiaiai?ei oaia?ue ia ioai?a, iiaeaioiaea e eniieueciaaiee oa-
eio?aieoaeae. Ia/iai n ioai?a. Aeaei a oii, /oi iaeiie oieueei iiae-
aioiaee, aeaaea ii iaoe?iie i?ia?aiia e o oi?ioeo niaoeeaeen-
oia, iaaeinoaoi/ii, /oiau i?aa?aoeoue a i?ioanneiiaea /aeiaaea,
ia iaeaaeathuaai iaiaoiaeeiuie ineoioeceieiae/aneeie, ineoi-
eiae/aneeie e ii?aeueiuie ea/anoaaie. Eiia/ii, aeeciue naia ana
?annoaaeyao ii naiei ianoai, ii anee aeaenoaiaaoue ii iaoea, oi
i/aiue iiiaia i /aeiaaea iiaeii ociaoue ca?aiaa, iiaeaa?aay aai nia-
oeeaeueiui eniuoaieyi – oanoai.

N?aaee ineoioeceieiae/aneeo ea/anoa neaaeoao iacaaoue oaeea,
eae auno?ioo ?aaeoeee, oi?iooth i?eaioaoeeth a i?ino?ainoaa, ei-
i?aeeie?iaaiiinoue aeaeaeaiee, niiniaiinoue eiioeaio?e?iaaoue aie-
iaiea ia eca?aiiii iauaeoa iaace?ay ia iiiaoe, /oanoai a?aia-
ie, yiioeeiiaeueioth onoie/eainoue, niiniaiinoue i?iaeoeoeaii ?aai-
oaoue a no?anniaie ianoaiiaea, oiaiea auno?i ia?aeeth/aoueny n
iaeiiai aeaea aeayoaeueiinoe ia ae?oaie.

N?aaee o?aaothueony ineoieiae/aneeo ea/anoa ee/iinoe iae-
aieaa aaaeiuie yaeythony neaaeothuea: eioaeeaeooaeueiia ?acae-
oea ia ieaea noaoenoe/aneie ii?iu; niiniaiinoue auno?i ?aoaoue
anaaiciiaeiua aieiaieiiee; oiaiea ecaeaeaoue o?iee ec i?ioei-
ai (o/eoueny ia ioeaeao) e i?aaeaeaeaoue iineaaenoaey ?acee/iuo ni-
auoee; oiaiea iiyoaiii aiaeece?iaaoue e ieaie?iaaoue eiie?ao*
iua iia?aoeee; no?aieaiea aeiaiaeeoue aei eiioea ia/aoua aeaea; iaca-
aeneiinoue io aeaaeaiey ecaia.

Eco/ay eaiaeeaeaoia a oaeio?aieoaee, iaiaoiaeeii n?aco io-
nayoue ineoe/anee aieueiuo ethaeae, a oaeaea ineoiiaoia, iaa?ioe-
eia, aeoeaiooe?iaaiiuo eeoe, i?inoi ia?aiuo. E aua ia?eiiaiia
e aeeiaieeeia. Ia iiaeoiaeyo ethaee n oae iacuaaaiui “oyaeaeui”
oa?aeoa?ii, iaeae/eaua, ceiiaiyoiua, neeoeii iiiai i naaa ai-
ia?aaeathuea, aieoeeaua…

I ii?aeueiie noi?iia /aeiaa/aneie i?e?iaeu iaienaii iiiaea-
noai oiiia. Iiyoiio ia?aie/onue iaeiie o?acie: eaeaaeueiue oaeio-
?aieoaeue oio, eoi ii?yaei/ai, /anoai, aa?ai aeieao ia?aae naiae na-
iueae e ia?aae oaoii, eiaao ii?iaeueioth oeaeue a aeecie. Ei?i/a,
aeinoaoi/ii na?ueaciue /aeiaae, ianiiniaiue ?aaee nethieiooiuo
auaiae eee niiieoaeueiuo i?aaeeiaeaiee i?aaeaoue aeiaa?eaoeony aio
ethaeae, a?inaoueny a aaaioth?u, aea?oaiaaoue oai, /oi o iaai anoue. Oae
/oi eco/aiea ee/iinoe eaiaeeaeaoia a oaeio?aieoaee – yoi ia i?e-
oioue. Anee io?aia i?ecaaia ea?aoue aieaa na?ueacioth ?ieue, /ai neo-
aeeoue aeaei?aoeeae, e aa iiaeai?o iaaei ioiineoueny ioaaonoaaiii, ia
aeaeay a?aiaie e n?aaenoa, eniieuecoy aeey yoiai iiuoiuo niaoeea-
eenoia-i?aeoeeia.

Iaiiiai i aic?anoa, ia?aciaaiee, i?ioannee. Neeoeii iiei-
aeua ethaee ieioe ionoonoaeai aeeoaeneiai iiuoa, /anoi A, ,\
ano?a/athuaeny ii?aeueii-ineoieiae/aneie iac?aeinoueth, [[395 JJ

ti

iaaeinoaoi/iui ia?aciaaoaeueiui o?iaiai. Neeoeii noa?uo o?oae-
ii ia?ao/eaaoue, aeaeaei ia anaaaea ei oaeaaony iaeoe ioaeiue oii ai
\acaeiiioiioaieyo n aecianiaiii, ia eioi?iai iie ?aaioatho. Iae-
aieaa i?eaieaiue aic?ano aeey ia/eiathuaai oaeio?aieoaey ei-
eaaeaony a eioa?aaea io 25 aei 30 eao. Ia?aciaaiea aeaeaoaeueii
aunoaa eee n?aaeiaa niaoeeaeueiia. Iaaeio/ee iianiu ai anao ioii-
oaieyo. *oi eanaaony i?aaeieo caiyoee, oi iaeeo/oea oaeio?a-
//ieoaee aa?aothony n?aaee auaoeo ieaaeoeo ioeoea?ia e i?aii?ue-
eia a?iee, a oaeaea n?aaee a?aaeaeaineeo eeoe, eiathueo aunoaa eee
n?aaeiaa niaoeeaeueiia ia?aciaaiea e oi?iooth oece/aneoth iiaeai-
oiaeo.

Iiaeia?aa eiiaiaeo (ionoue a ninoaaa anaai o?ao /aeiaae), iaia-
oiaeeii aa ouaoaeueii iiaeaioiaeoue. N?aaee iaycaoaeueiuo i?aaeia-
oia /eneyony neaaeothuea: io?aaioea ooaoiuo neooaoeee; e?eie-
iaeueiay e yeno?aiaeueiay ineoieiaey; aeaaeaiea i?oaeeai e iiae-
?o/iuie n?aaenoaaie; aiaeaeaiea aaoiiiaeey; ?oeiiaoiue aie,
iaaeeoeeineay iiaeaioiaea, iauaoece/aneay iiaeaioiaea.

neooaoeee – yoi oeiiaua noaiu aeaenoaee a ?ac-
ee/iuo aa?eaioao iaiaaeaiey ia aecianiaia, ecaanoiua ii i?ae-
oeea io?aiiie aeayoaeueiinoe, a oaeaea ii iaoa?eaeai i?annu. Eaae-
aeay ec ieo iaycaoaeueii aeieaeia auoue i?iea?aia a , ia ?a-
aeueiuo iauaeoao. Iaiaaeaiea ia oeeoea, aicea aoiaea a iiaeuacae, a
iiaeuacaea, ia eanoie/iie ieiuaaeea, a ei?eaei?a, a eeooa, ia aea/a,
ia ieyaea, ai a?aiy ianniaiai ia?ii?eyoey. N i?eiaiaieai iaia-
no?aeueiiai i?oaeey, yeaeo?ioieiaiai, aaciaiai, oieiaeiiai. N ii-
iiuueth aaoiiiaeey e aac iaai. N oeaeueth caoaaoa, iaianaiey oaea-
niuo iia?aaeaeaiee, oaeenoaa. Niaeia?neay canaaea a oaeiaiii ian-
oa, iaeao ai a?aiy iiacaeee a aaoiiiaeea ca ai?iaeii, ac?ua eee
iiaeaeia…

Iaaei io?aaioaoue aeaenoaey oaeio?aieoaey a eaaeaeii oaeii neo-
/aa: aaea noiyoue, neaeaoue, eaeoe, eoaea niio?aoue, eoaea aaaeaoue, i?u-
aaoue eee iiecoe, ca /oi i?yoaoueny naiiio e aaea oe?uaaoue eeeai-
oa, /ai ioaeaaoueny, /oi aeaeaoue a ia?aua naeoiaeu iaiaaeaiey, /oi
iioii – aii?inia aeey i?aeoe/aneiai eco/aiey caeanue i/aiue iii-
ai. Eiaiii oaeie iiaeaioiaee eaoano?ioe/anee ia oaaoaao ii/oe
anai oai niioa/anoaaiieeai, eioi?ua ai?aei eiaiotho naay “oaeio-
?aieoaeyie”. Aeaaea a?aiioii ?ac?aaioaoue ia?o?oo aeaeaeaiey ii
ai?iaeo e oi ia iiaoo. Iaaeathony ia naia oiaiea iaoaoue iiaaie e
no?aeyoue, ia iiieiay, /oi a oaeio?aieoaey no?aeytho ia?aiai, oieue-
ei iioii – a io?aiyaiia ei eeoei.

E?eieiaeueiay ineoieiaey – yoi i?aaeaea anaai oiaiea auya-
eyoue n?aaee ie?oaeathueo oao ethaeae, eioi?ua i?aaenoaaeytho iioai-
oeeaeueioth iianiinoue, /oiau “/eoaoue” ne?uaaaiua eie iaia?aiey
ii ieieea eeoea, au?aaeaieth aeac, iee?iaeaeaeaieyi e iicai oaea.
Ia ycuea i?ioanneiiaeia oaeia oiaiea iacuaaaony “iieo/aiea
e?eieiaeueii-cia/eiie eioi?iaoeee iin?aaenoaii aecoaeueiie ine-
oiaeeaaiinoeee”. E aeaiiiio ?acaeaeo oanii i?eiueatho aeaa ae?o-
aeo – iioeaaoeey iiaaaeaiey i?anooiieeia e ineoieiaey iiaaaea-
iey aea?oau.

Yeno?aiaeueiay ineoieiaey – yoi oai?ey iiaaaeaiey a neiae-
. ,’s iuo ianoiyoaeuenoaao, naycaiiuo n iiauoaiiui ?eneii, n
[396 JJ oa?icie aeey aeecie. Iaeiei ec aa ?acaeaeia yaeyaony eiio-

eeeoieiaey – iaoiaeu aiaeeca e iioeiaeueiiai ?aoaiey anaaic-
iiaeiuo eiioeeeoia. A a niaieoiiinoe e?eieiaeueiay e yeno?a-
iaeueiay ineoieiaey yaeyaony oeaeie iaoeie, ni naieie aaoi?eoa-
oaie, oaa?aei onoaiiaeaiiuie caeiiiia?iinoyie, n iaoe?iie ee-
oa?aoo?ie. E niaeaeaieth, o iaoeo oaeio?aieoaeae, e ia oieueei o
ieo, a yoie iaeanoe iiaeaioiaea i?aeoe/anee ioeaaay.

No?aeeiaay iiaeaioiaea iaiaoiaeeia oioy au oaea iioiio, /oi
ethaia na?ueaciia iaiaaeaiea inouanoaeyaony n iiiiuueth iaiano?aeue-
iiai i?oaeey, io ienoieaoia aei aaoiiaoe/aneeo aeioiaie e a?aia-
oiiaoia. Iaei eoi ec oaeio?aieoaeae a ?innee eiaao ?ac?aoaiea
ia iaeaaeaiea ienoieaoii. Iaeiaei oaeou naeaeaoaeuenoaotho, /oi, ia-
niio?y ia yoi, a aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa ei anoue ec /aai no?aeyoue. Aea
e niaoii auei au i?ioeainoiyoue aii?oaeaiiui aei coaia i?anooi-
ieeai n aeoaeieie eee aaciaui aaeeii/eeii a ?oeao. Iaeaiinoue
iiaeiaiiai niioiioaiey aii?oaeaiey ia iiieiatho ?acaa /oi iaei-
oi?ua caeiiiaeaoaee.

Ii, eiay i?oaeea, iaei eoi ec io?aiu oiaao i?ioanneiiaeueii
aeaaeaoue ei: no?aeyoue ia oiaeo, a iaaeaiee, a oaiiioa , ii
aeaeaeoueiny a ?aciuo iai?aaeaieyo ianeieueeei ieoaiyi, ec
aaeouaai aaoiiiaeey; ia oeaeynue. O?theai oaeiai ?iaea (eioi?ua aia-
na e ia o?thee, a iaauee niaeia?neie no?aeueau) iiaeii e ioaeii
o/eoueny. A iioii nenoaiaoe/anee iiaeaea?aeeaaoue yoe iaauee. Ii-
eacii oaeaea iao/eoueny ?aaioaoue n iiaeii (a oii /enea iaoaoue aai a
oeaeue), n aeoaeieie, n aeeeiiie iaeeie, oiaoue i?aa?auaoue a i?oaeea
ethaua ieacaaoeany iiae ?oeie i?aaeiaou.

Aiaeaeaiea aaoiiiaeey – aauue aaniethoii iaiaoiaeeiay aeey
oaeio?aieoaey. O?oaeii iaeoe neieueei-ieaoaeue nieeaeiiai aecian-
iaia, ia eiathuaai aaoiiiaeey, ionoue ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiiai ia
oe?io, a ia ia iaai ee/ii. Eo/oa, anee aiaeeoaeue iaeiia?aiaiii
yaeyaony e nio?oaeieeii ee/iie io?aiu. Iaeiei ec nio?oaeieeia,
iineieueeo ioaeiu eae ieieioi aua aeaa oaeeo aea nio?oaeieea. Ana
iie aeieaeiu auoue iao/aiu eneonnoao aiaeaeaiey aaoiiiaeey a ye-
no?aiaeueiuo oneiaeyo: acaea ii aacaei?iaeueth, ii eanoieoeai, i?uae-
ee ia aaoiiiaeea /a?ac i?aiyonoaey, oaoieea noieeiiaaiee n ae?o-
aeie iaoeiaie, oaoieea ia?aai?a/eaaiey…

Iauaoece/aneay iiaeaioiaea oaeio?aieoaey oiaea aaaeia –
eae aeey ?acaeoey ooieoeeiiaeueiuo ea/anoa, oae e aeey iiaeaea?aea-
iey . Ioiineoaeueii ia?aiai ynii aac aeieacaoaeuenoa, /oi
oi?ioee io?aiiee aeieaeai iaeaaeaoue auiineeainoueth, auno?ioie ?a-
aeoeee, eiaeinoueth, aeieaeai ioee/ii i?eaioe?iaaoueny a i?ino?ai-
noaa, oiaoue iaaeaoue e i?uaaoue, ?acei n?uaaoueny n ianoa, oi/ii iiia-
aeaoue a oeaeue, iaoay, neaaeai, eaiaiue eee aooueeo. Aiieia iiaoo ii-
o?aaiaaoueny e aieaa niaoeeoe/aneea niiniaiinoe: i?ieoe ii oceie
aea?aei/ea, caeacoue ia aieueooth aunioo eee i?uaiooue ioooaea, nion-
oeoueny n e?uoe iiiaiyoaaeee ii eaiaoo, ia?aeacoue n aaeeiia ia
aaeeii, i?iieuoue ianeieueei aeanyoeia iao?ia a iaeaaeaea, iu?iooue
ia aeoaeio e iiaeiyoue ioooaea a?oc eee aua /oi-ieaoaeue a oii aea aeooa.

A “oi?ia”… Neaaeo oieueei iaeii: i?iieoue e i?ieo?aiiue
“aiaae” n ae?yaeuie iuooeaie – neeoeii neaaay aa?aioey aaci-
ianiinoe aeey i?aaei?eieiaoaey. I?e i?i/eo ?aaiuo oneiaeyo ana-
aaea iaaeaaeiaa oio, eoi aaaeao o?acaoth aeeciue e aaeaaeiaaii o?a- ^. e,
ie?oaony. ([397JJ

E aua:”aiaoiee aeae e iaia?u. Ia iiiai noieo oio io?aiiee,
o eioi?iai aoeaaeueii ia eao iaienaii, eoi ii oaeie, eioi?ue ia
oiaao naay aanoe ie ai a?aiy i?ioieieueiiai ia?ii?eyoey, ie a
?anoi?aia, ie ia oeeoea. A eiioea eiioeia, ii oai ethaeyi, eioi?ua
ia aan ?aaioatho, noaeyo i oicyeia. A a ie?a aeciana ?aiooaoeey
eiaao ia?ainoaiaiiia cia/aiea.

?oeiiaoiiio aith ca ei?ioeee i?iiaaeooie a?aiaie iao/eoue
iaeuecy. I?e aaeaaeiaaiii eioaineaiii o?aieiaa iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii
oieeiaiai eino?oeoi?a iio?aaoaony ia iaiaa o?ao ianyoeaa, /oiau
aieaa eee iaiaa iaaeaaeii inaieoue acu. A iau/iuo oneiaeyo (2-3
o?aie?iaee a iaaeaeth) iaaei ia iaiaa aiaea. I?e/ai eco/aoue iaaei
eiaiii ?oeiiaoiue aie, a ia eaeia-eeai nii?oeaiia aaeeiiai?-
noai a?iaea aiena, aieueiie ai?ueau eee oayeaiiaei.

Cia/aiea iaaeeoeeineie iiaeaioiaee caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi
oaeio?aieoaeue, oiathuee ieacaoue aeia?a/aaioth iiiiuue a neo/a-
yo ioeaauo e iiaeaauo ?aiaiee, iaoaie/aneeo o?aai, ii?aaeaiee
iaiai e yeaeo?e/aneei oieii, ieuaauo io?aaeaiee e i?i/eo ia-
ianoae, ai iiiai ?ac iiauoaao oainu eeeaioa (e naie nianoaai-
iua) ia auaeeaaiea. Neeoeii iiiai aua auaaao neo/aaa, eiaaea
/aeiaae iiaeaaao eeoue iioiio, /oi iaeiio auei naeaeaoue iannaae
na?aeoea, oeie ninoaei?anoe?ythuaai i?aia?aoa, iaeiaeeoue aeaoo ia
e?iaioi/auoth eiia/iinoue. Enoaoe, o aan a aaoiiiaeea, a oaeaea
ia ?aai/ai ianoa aeieaeia auoue oi?ioi oeiiieaeoiaaiiay aioa/-
ea, iaiaoiaeeii eiaoue iiioey?iue iaaeeoeeineee ni?aai/iee ii
ieacaieth ia?aie iiiiue, oaeio?aieoaee aeieaeiu ciaoue aaoo
a?oiio e?iae, iieacaiey e i?ioeaiiieacaiey e ?acee/iui eaea?-
noaai.

?acoiaaony, ee/ioth io?aio iiaeii o/eoue e iiiaiio ae?oaiio,
iai?eia? ?aaioa ia eiiiuethoa?ao, oaieiaiiio i?aao, eneonnoao
ioi?ieaiey eioa?uea?ia, ii ana yoi ia eiaao i?yiiai ioiioaiey e
eo iaiin?aaenoaaiiui iaycaiiinoyi “o?aieoaeae oaea”.

A yoie nayce aicieeatho aeaa aii?ina: aaea iiaeii iiauoaoue
eaaeeoeeaoeeth ee/iie io?aiu e neieueei yoi oaeiaieuenoaea noi-
eo? Neiaeeaoaeny nenoaiu iiaeaioiaee e ia?aiiaeaioiaee io?ai-
ieeia e oaeio?aieoaeae a NIA iiea ia nouanoaoao. Ioaeaeueiua
io?aiiua oe?iu iuoathony yoei caieiaoueny ia?yaeo ni naiae in-
iiaiie ?aaioie, iaeiaei ea/anoai iao/aiey, ianiio?y ia eio?e-
aothuoth ?aeeaio, yaeyaony ieceei. A Iineaa, Naieo-Iaoa?ao?-
aa, ?eaa iiaeaioiaea oaeio?aieoaeae oaea iinoaaeaia “ia iioie”,
ii ia ana iiaoo “ioi?aaoue io naay” ia iieoi?a-aeaa-o?e ianyoea nai-
eo caueoieeia, /oiau iineaoue eo ia o/aao. E oiio aea “na?eeiia
i?iecaiaenoai” oai e ieioi, /oi eneeth/aao “ooo/iue” (eiaeeae-
aeoaeueiue) iiaeoiae a iao/aiee.

Oaia?ue i oeaiao. Noaiaea?oiue o?aoiaaeaeueiue eo?n iao/aiey
a Eaoaeeneii oeeeaea Iaaeaeoia?iaeiie Aeaaeaiee aaciianiin-
oe (a. ?eaa) noieo 2,5 ouny/e aeieea?ia, n i?iaeeaaieai e ieoa-
ieai. Noieiinoue iyoeaeiaaiuo eino?oeoeaii-iaoiaee/aneeo na-
ieia?ia ii ?oeiiaoiiio aith, iaiaaie iiaeaioiaea, oaeoeea aeae-
noaee oaeio?aieoaeae, i?iaiaeeiuo a Iineaa Iaaeaeoia?iaeiie
eiio?oa??i?enoe/aneie o?aieiaiaie annioeeaoeeae, – ii 500
.,–e, aeieea?ia ca eaaeaeue naieia?, ia n/eoay ieoaiey e i?i-
1398] | aeeaaiey.

Aii?inu eniieueciaaiey oaeio?aieoaeae – aeaei oiieia. Ia-
noiyuee i?ioanneiiae nai ana ciaao, ii oaeea i?ioanneiiaeu –
aieueoay ?aaeeinoue. Aeaaeei iaeei i?eia?, i?aaaea, ia ec iaeanoe
ee/iie io?aiu, iaeiaei iicaieythuee i?iaanoe eia-eaeea ia?ae-
eaee.

I?aaeiieiaeei, aai iaaei i?aaieciaaoue ia?aaiceo aaoiiiaeeai
aieueoie noiiu aeaiaa a NEA. E o aan anoue iianaiey, /oi ii aei?iaa
ia iaoeio iiaoo iaianoue. Eae eo/oa iinooieoue? Iaeei aa?eaio
oaeia: iinaaeeoue a naeii aaoiiiaeey /aou?ao ioneoeenouo ia?iae,
e oiio aea aei coaia aii?oaeaiiuo, a a nii?iaiaeaeaiea ei aeaoue aoi-
?oth iaoeio n oaeie aea eiiaiaeie. Eiia/ii, yoi aeano ii?aaeaeai-
ioth aa?aioeth aaciianiinoe. Ii noaiaiue aa aoaeao caaenaoue ia io
eiee/anoaa nii?iaiaeaeathueo, a io ?acia?ia ia?aaiceiie noiiu.
Anee iia a naiii aeaea i/aiue aaeeea, oi i?anooiieee aac eieaaa-
iee ia?ano?aeytho anao iannaaee?ia, neieueei au eo ie auei. Ia-

o?oaeii aeaeaoue, /oi aeey yoiai ei iaaei ciaoue, neieueei aeieea?ia ea-
aeeo a eaena, eiaaea e ii eaeie aei?iaa eo iiaacoo.

Neaaeiaaoaeueii, a?aiioiay caueoa ia?aaiceiuo oeaiiinoae
aeieaeia iaania/eaaoueny ia acaiaeii “ea/eia n iooeaie”, a oiaeie
aeaceioi?iaoeeae. Aa iaiaoiaeeii aeeo?aoii “aeiaeeoue a ooe” oai,
eiio iaaei. Aeeo?aoii – yoi cia/eo eae au ia/ayiii, a aiana ia
niiauaieai “ii nae?aoo”. Aeey yoiai iaaei ciaoue oao, eiio aa . A iaoeia n aeaiueaaie iiaaeao a ae?oaia a?aiy ii ae?oaiio ia?-
o?ooo e, aiieia aa?iyoii, aeaaea ii ae?oaiio aae?ano. E aac anyeeo
io?aiieeia, i?eaeaeathueo iiauoaiiia aieiaiea. Yoi iacuaa-
aony iia?aoeaiui iaania/aieai ia?ii?eyoey.

Ia/oi iiaeiaiia aeieaeii eiaoue ianoi e a ee/iie io?aia: oe?i-
eia eniieueciaaiea aeaceioi?iaoeee; iinoiyiiia eciaiaiea ia?-
o?ooia aeaeaeaiee; ciaiea anao nio?oaeieeia oe?iu, ae?ocae, cia-
eiiuo e ?iaenoaaiieeia (eiaiii ionthaea enoiaeyo naaaeaiey aeey
i?aaiecaoeee “iaacaeia”); oai?/aneia eniieueciaaiea oaoie/aneeo
n?aaenoa iaaethaeaiey, i?ineooeaaiey e neaiaeecaoeee; i?iaa?ea
ia?oia?ia e eeeaioia, eo naycae n “ie?ii oaiae” (eiia/ii aea, ia-
aeaniay), eco/aiea iauae e?eieiiaaiiie ianoaiiaee ii ianoo ?an-
iieiaeaiey oe?iu, ianoo i?iaeeaaiey aecianiaia e a oie noa?a
aeciana, a eioi?ie ii ca?aaaouaaao aeaiueae, – ana yoi e aua iii-
aia ae?oaia aeieaeiu aeaeaoue aaoe oaeio?aieoaee.

E niaeaeaieth, a 95% neo/aaa aeaei auaeyaeeo niaa?oaiii ii-
ae?oaiio. Aeaaeei neiai iaeiiio auaoaio oaeio?aieoaeth: “Iiia/a-
eo ana oaou ethayo iiiai iaauaoue: iu eoiei oaaa eaa?oe?o, i?i-
aeoeou e aaue aoaeaoue iieoiaoue o ian ai?acaei aeaoaaea, /ai a iaaa-
ceiao, aeaaeei a?iiaaeeeao, aaoiiao “Oce”, cano?aooai, iieaiaea
aoaeaoue i?iaiaeeoue ca a?aieoeae… Oieueei ana yoi ooooa. Oao aeoia-
ao oieueei i naaa, e anee oaay ia aeae aia iiaeno?aeyo, oaay ia neaaeo-
thuee aeaiue ana caaoaeoo – eiaaeeaeu a io?aia ieeiio ia ioaeiu, e
ieeaeie no?aoiaee eiia/ii aea ia auei. E a?iiaaeeeao iieo”
/eoue – i?iaeaia, e i?oaeea, e ieie-?aaeeinoaioeeth. Ei?i/a, io-
iioaiea eae e ooiiio aueo, eioi?ue iaiiiyoii ?aaee /aai aeie-
aeai ?eneiaaoue naiae oeo?ie, caneiiyy oicyaa.

90% a?aiaie i?eoiaeeony eniieiyoue iaycaiiinoe neoae: ii-
aeaoue iaieo, ioe?uoue aeaa?ue, caa?oceoue eiiiuethoa?u a nai- / ”
aaaeiia io ?aaiou a?aiy, iiaeaaeo?eoue a eaa?oe?a ethaiaieoeu |[399J

oaoa, iiea iia a ionoonoaee, – a oi aae?oa eoi-ieaoaeue oe?aaeao ana
oi, /oi ii ae iaaea?ee. Aua oaeio?aieoaeue iiaeao iiiaaeiaeoueny,
/oiau aeaoue a ii?aeo eiio-ieaoaeue ia oeeoea, anee oaoo /oi-oi ia
oae neacaee. Oienoui e eunui, iecei?ineui e iiaeeeui oaoai,
e?iia oiai, i/aiue i?aaeony eiiaiaeiaaoue caei?iaaiiuie ia?iyie,
ei i?eyoai no?ao, eioi?ue iie aucuaatho o i?inouo ethaeae”…>

Ii iiaieth iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo yenia?oia, ana aeieaeii auoue ni-
aa?oaiii eia/a. E?aeia aaaeii, /oiau oaeio?aieoaeue e aai oao
iaoiaeeeenue aianoa eae iiaeii aieueoa a?aiaie. A iioiio naiue
eo/oee oaeio?aieoaeue – yoi nae?aoa?ue, ?aoa?aio, ia?aaiae/ee,
i?aaiecaoi? eee eniieieoaeue iniai aaaeiuo aeae, oi anoue aeiaa?ai-
iia eeoei a aeciana e i?inoi ae?oa io?aiyaiiai. E aeaiueae aio iaaei
ieaoeoue ia ca oi, /oi aeae eiio-oi ii coaai, a ca iaaeiiouaiea nou-
/ae, ca i?aaeioa?auaiea eiioeeeoia, ca ?ac?aoaiea eo oeeaeee-
ciaaiiuie iaoiaeaie.

E?iia oiai, aaaeii, /oiau oaeio?aieoaeue aue ee/ii caeioa-
?aniaai a i?ioeaaoaiee oie oe?iu, a eioi?ie ii ?aaioaao. Aeey yoi-
ai iaaei aeaoue aio aiciiaeiinoue aeiaeeoue a iaa naie n?aaenoaa (iiaeao

auoue, aaainii), iieo/aoue i?ioeaio i?eauee io oao eee eiuo naea-
eie, neiaii, caeioa?aniaaoue yeiiiie/anee. E iiiieoue, /oi oi-
iue, niiniaiue, /anoiethaeaue /aeiaae (a aeo?aee, eae ecaanoii,
ooaea a?aaia) ia iiaeao aeiaieuenoaiaaoueny ia?niaeoeaie anth aeeciue
inoaaaoueny oaeio?aieoaeai. Caeioa?aniaaoue aai a aa?iinoe aai e
aaoaio aeciano iiaeii oieueei /a?ac auaeaeaeaiea i?eaeaeaoaeue-
iie oeaee. Ei?i/a aiai?y, iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau io?aiyy aan, ii iae-
iia?aiaiii io?aiye e naia aoaeouaa!

Enoi?ey eniieueciaaiey aeey io?aiu /aeiaaea ?acee/iuo aee-
aioiuo noieue aea ae?aaiyy, eae e enoi?ey /aeiaa/aneiai iauanoaa.
Eae ecaanoii, e auei yoi ca 390 eao aei ia/aea
o?enoeaineie y?u! A ea/anoaa noi?iaeae aunooiaee ciae e e?iei-
aeeeu, yaeiaeoua iaoee e nei?ieiiu, aa?nu e ?une, aeeeea eaaaiu
e eaiuoiaua eiou… Ca i?ioaaeoea aaea noaei ynii, /oi iao eo/-
oa ae?oaa e caueoieea aeey /aeiaaea, /ai niaaea.

Eiia/ii, ?a/ue eaeao ia i ieeuo ianeeao oeia aieiiee eee oae-
nu, ?aaeinoii eeaeathueony ia oath ethaiio, eoi aioae a eaa?oe?o,
oieeueii aeeythueo oainoii i?e aeaea einoi/ee a /oaeeo ?oeao.
Iao, niaaee aeieaeiu auoue oi?ioi ae?anne?iaaiu niaoeeaeueii aeey
noi?iaeaaie neoaeau. A yoii neo/aa niaaeai iao ?aaiuo ii iaaeaae-
iinoe e yooaeoeaiinoe: eo ia iiaeeoieoue e ia caioaaaoue, ia can-
oaiaoue a?anieio. Iie iaiaa oycaeiu, /ai ethaee, aieaa aeeao/e,
aieaa aa?anneaiu. Niaaea any, io ii?aeu aei oainoa, i?aaenoaaeyao
niaie aeeaia i?oaeea.

Ii/aio aea a oaeii neo/aa iie aeiaieueii ?aaeei eniieuecothony
aecianiaiaie aeey io?aiu? Ioaao i?ino: n ieie iiiai aicie. Ni-
aae iaaei niaoeeaeueii o?aie?iaaoue, ei?ieoue, auaoeeaaoue, ea/eoue.
Ana yoi o?aaoao a?aiaie, aeaiaa, oa?iaiey. E niioaaonoaothueo cia-
iee, eai a eniieueciaaiee niaae anoue ?yae oiieinoae, eioi?ua iay-
caoaeueii iaaei o/eouaaoue:

1. Niaaea – aeeaia nouanoai, i/aiue oiiia e yiioeeiiaeueiia.
Iacaaiaeynue niaaeie, au aa?aoa ia naay ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca iaa. Oieue-
.,–>\ ei caeii/aiiua iiaeiiee niiniaiu auaiaoue ca aeaa?ue naiaai
[400 JJ ae?oaa, /uey i?aaeaiiinoue iaoneiaeaia naiie i?e?iaeie. A oi

aea a?aiy aea?aeaoue na?ueacioth niaaeo aeey na?ueaciuo oeaeae, ia eiay
aeey yoiai ie ciaiee, ie aeaiaa, ie a?aiaie iiaoo oieueei iana?ueac-
iua ethaee.

2. Iiyoiio oio /aeiaae, eioi?ue aoaeao ea?aoue ?ieue i?iaiaeie-
ea neoaeaaiie niaaee (au, eoi-oi ec /eaiia naiuee, aao nio?oaeiee)
iaycaoaeueii aeieaeai i?ieoe eo?n iiaeaioiaee e i?iaanoe ae?anne-
?iaeo niaaee. Eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiui yaeyaony eeoue oaeia aeeaio-
iia, eioi?ia iao/eeinue i?aaeeueii aeaenoaiaaoue a yeno?aiaeueiuo
neooaoeeyo iaiaaeaiey. Yoi cia/eo: iii oiaao ?aniiciaaaoue iian-
iinoue, oiaao aoaeiaaoue aii?oaeaiiuo i?anooiieeia, oiaao caue-
uaoueny io ieo, iiaeioaony eiiaiaeai naiaai i?iaiaeieea.

3. Niaaea aeieaeia niaea?aeaoueny a iaaeeaaeaueo oneiaeyo. ?aa-
ii iaaeiionoeiu aa eciaaeeaaiea e /?acia?iay no?iainoue. Oae,
niaaeo iaaei ei?ieoue 2 ?aca a aeaiue, iniiaiay ieua – ianyiea,
naa?aiiay aac niee, ianeieueei iicaiauo einoi/ae e a?aiy io a?a-
iaie – eiina?ae?iaaiiue niaa/ee ei?i n aeoaieiaie e iee-
?iyeaiaioaie. Niaaeo eiaao i?aai ei?ieoue oieueei iaeei /aei-
aae, aa i?iaiaeiee. Ec /oaeeo ?oe ae?anne?iaaiiay niaaea ieuo
a?aoue ia aeieaeia.

Ac?ua a ioena, a iiaeuacaea, a aaoiiiaeea, a iaaaceia noae /an-
oueth iianaaeiaaiie aeecie iaoeo ai?iaeia. Iai?eia?, a Iineaa a
1993 a. i?iecioei aieaa 300 ac?uaia a?aiao, iei, ac?uaiuo ono-
?ienoa. A Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aa – aua aieueoa. ?acoeueoao – aeanyoee
oaeouo e ?aiaiuo ethaeae, cia/eoaeueiue iaoa?eaeueiue oua?a.

A?naiae i?anooiieeia aeinoaoi/ii ?aciiia?acai: io naiiaeaeue-
iuo ac?uaiuo ono?ienoa aei a?aiao O-1, ?AAe-5, i?ioeaiiaoioiuo
e i?ioeaioaieiauo iei. Anaai aeaa i?eia?a i?inoaeoeo i?eaiia
ieie?iaaiey: a?aiaoo O-1 (eee nayceo a?aiao ?AAe-5) i?ee?aiey-
tho e aaoiiiaeeth, noiyuaio a aa?aaea eeai ia ioe?uoie noiyiea.
A eieueoei /aee a?aiaou i?iaeaaatho eaneo, eiiaoe eioi?ie i?ee?ai-
eai e iaiiaeaeaeiiio i?aaeiaoo ca aaoiiiaeeai. Iaoeia ia/eia-
ao aeaeaeaiea, /aea auaea?aeaaaony, a?aiaoa ac?uaaaony. Ae?oaie
i?eai: aeiioth aooueeo caiieiytho aunieiieoaiiaui aaiceiii
e caeoii?eaatho i?iaeie, iie?uoie ninoaaii, /oanoaeoaeueiui e
o?aieth. I?e auoyaeaaiee i?iaee i?ienoiaeeo ainieaiaiaiea, nea-
aeoao ac?ua, e oio, eoi yoi aeaeae, iiaeaaao io no?aoiiai iaeiaa. Io-
ia/aiu oaeaea neo/ae, eiaaea i?anooiieee ac?uaaee ?aaeeioi?aa-
eyaiua ieiu, iaeiaei /ai neiaeiaa niinia ac?uaa, oai aieueoa ii
o?aaoao a?aiaie ia iiaeaioiaeo, aei?iaea iaoiaeeony e auoa aa?iyo-
iinoue iaoaea/e ec-ca oaoie/aneeo iaiieaaeie.

*aua anaai iauaeoii iiae?uaa yaeyaony ee/iue eee neoaeaa-
iue aaoiiiaeeue aecianiaia. Iniiaiua ianoa aeey ieie?iaaiey a
iaoeia – yoi neaeaiuea aiaeeoaey, aeieua iiae ia?aaeieie neaeaiuey-
ie, aaiciaae, eaiio. Cia/eoaeueii ?aaea ca?yae ac?ua/aoee iiia-
uatho a aaaaaeiee, a eieaniua ieoe, iiae caaeiea neaeaiuey, a e ae?oaea ianoa. E?iia oiai, ieia aieueoie iiuiinoe ii-
aeao onoaiaaeeaaoueny iaiiaeaeaeo io aaoiiiaeey eeai a ninaaeiae
iaoeia. Ii a yoii neo/aa o?aaoaony oi?aaeaiea ath ecaia ii ?a-
aeei eee iiae?ua n iiiiuueth yeaeo?e/aneiai i?iaiaea. Eiuie nei-
aaie, i?anooiiee aeieaeai iaoiaeeoueny iaiiaeaeaeo io ianoa i?a-
nooieaiey e aanoe iaaethaeaiea, /oi anaaaea n/eoaaony iaaea- ^–.s
aeaoaeueiui. | [401 Jj

Ianoi?aaeeaathueie aan i?eciaeaie aeieaeiu neoaeeoue neaaeo-
thuea:

– iiyaeaiea eaeie-oi iiaie aeaoaee aioo?e eee nia?oaee aa-
oiiiaeey;

– inoaoee oiaeiai/iuo iaoa?eaeia, ecieyoeeiiiie Eaiou, ia-
?aceia i?iaiaeia iaiiaeaeaeo io aaoiiiaeey eee aioo?e naeiia;

-iaoyiooay eanea, i?iaieiea, i?iaiae, oio?, aa?aaea, oae
eee eia/a i?ee?aieaiiay e ethaie /anoe aaoiiiaeey;

– /oaeay noiea, ei?iaea, /aiiaeai, iaeao, naa?oie aioo?e na-
eiia eee a aaaaaeieea;

– iiyaeaoeany oaea iinea ia?eiaee iaoeiu iaeaou ec-iiae
nieia, iieiea, eiina?aiua aaiee, naa?oee, ei?iaee e o. i. iaaea-
eaei io aaoiiiaeey.

Inoaaeyy iaoeio ia aeeeoaeueiue n?ie aac i?eniio?a (ia ii/ue,
ia a?aiy ?aaiou, ia aea/a e o. ae.), oioy au aeaaea e a
aa?aaea eee ia io?aiyaiie aaoinoiyiea, eniieuecoeoa oae iacuaa-
aiua . Yoi cia/eo, /oi iaaeaeo e?ueueyie e eaiioii,
ia aeaa?yo naeiia, ia e?uoea ai?eiaeiu aaiciaaea, iaaeaeo neaea-
iueai e ?aiie iaaei i?eeeaeaaoue oceea iieinee eeieie eaiou (eci-
eyoeeiiiie, eaeeiieanou?y, aoiaaeiie e o. ae.) iiae oeaao aeaiiiai
o/anoea. Aianoi eaioi/ae iiaeii i?eeeaeaaoue aieinee, iaeiiee
nie/ae-.Aneeyoa ieaaeaony ia?ooaiiie, ia caai-
aeeoa iaoeio, ie/aai ia ioe?uaaeoa a iae (iai?eia?, ia iuoae-
oanue iiaeiyoue iiaeooeo neaeaiuey) aei oao ii?, iiea ia i?iaaaeaoa oua-
oaeueiue aecoaeueiue iniio?. A neo/aa aicieeiiaaiey iiaeic?aiee
ia?auaeoanue e niaoeeaeenoai-naia?ai.

Iaiaoiaeeii oaeaea onoaiiaeoue ca i?aaeei, /oiau iaoeio ia-
neaaeiaae, ioe?uaae, caaiaeee, ?acia?aaae e o?iaae n ianoa eoi-oi
ae?oaie, a ia au. Yoei iiaeao auoue aao ee/iue oioa?,
oaeio?aieoaeue, neoaeauee aaoinoiyiee eeai eiiia?aoeaiiai aa-
?aaea, ninaae ii aeiio.

Nia?aiaiiua ac?ua/aoua aauanoaa (oeia niaaoneiai ieanoe-
oa, /aoineiaaoeeiai naioaena) e n?aaenoaa ac?uaaiey iicaieytho nia-
oeeaeenoai, eiathuei a?iaeneoth iiaeaioiaeo, eiino?oe?iaaoue na-
iua ?aciiia?aciua ieieaoth?iua ieiu-eiaooee. E n/anoueth, n?a-
aee i?anooiieeia oaeiauo iaei. Iiyoiio iie i?eiaiytho a
aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa eonoa?iua ac?uaiua ono?ienoaa.

Aeey iieooaiey ia aecianiaia iiaeao eniieueciaaoueny e ii/oi-
aue eaiae. Ac?uaiua ono?ienoaa, iai?aaeyaiua a ienueiao, en-
iieuecothony ia aeey oaeenoaa, a aeey ono?aoaiey iieo/aoaey. Aaaeue
20-40-a?aiiiaue ca?yae ac?ua/aoee iiaeao iaianoe, eae i?aae-
ei, oieueei ?aiaiea e aucaaoue neeueiue oie. Aeey oie/oiaeaiey i?e-
iaiytho ia ienueia, a aaiaea?iee e iinueee.

Ac?uaiua ono?ienoaa, eioi?ua caeeaaeuaatho a eiiaa?ou, aai-
aea?iee e iinueee, iiaoo auoue eae iaiiaaiiiai, oae e caiaaeeai-
iiai aeaenoaey. Ac?uaaoaee iaiiaaiiiai aeaenoaey aucuaatho n?a-
aaouaaiea ac?uaiiai ono?ienoaa i?e iaaeaoee, oaea?a, i?ieaeu-
aaiee, niyoee iaa?ocee, ?ac?ooaiee yeaiaioia eiino?oeoeee,
i?inaa/eaaiee y?eei naaoii e o. ae. Iai?eia?, ac?uaiua ono?ie-
noaa, aeaenoaothuea ii i?eioeeio iocueaeueiie ioe?uoee, ac?uaa-
‘.–^s thony i?e eo ?ane?uoee. Ac?uaiua ono?ienoaa a aaiaea?i-
[402 JJ aeyo n?aaaouaatho eeai i?e ioe?uaaiee, eeai i?e iiiuoea

ecaea/ue eieao eee ei?iaeo ec oiaeiaee. Ac?uaiua ono?ienoaa a
iinueeao iau/ii n?aaaouaatho i?e ane?uoee e?uoee iinuei/-
iiai yueea.

Ac?uaaoaee caiaaeeaiiiai aeaenoaey ii enoa/aiee ca?aiaa on-
oaiiaeaiiiai n?iea (io ianeieueeeo /ania aei ianeieueeeo nooie)
eeai aucuaatho ac?ua, eeai i?eaiaeyo ac?uaiia ono?ienoai a aia-
aia iieiaeaiea, iinea /aai n?aaaouaaiea ac?uaiiai ono?ienoaa
i?ienoiaeeo iaiiaaiii a neo/aa aiaoiaai aicaeaenoaey ia iaai.

Iaeiaei, iacaaeneii io oeia ac?uaaoaey e ac?uaiiai ono?ie-
noaa, ienueia, aaiaea?iee e iinueee n iiaeiaiie ia/eieie iaecaaae-
ii iaeaaeatho ?yaeii i?eciaeia, ii eioi?ui iiaeii eo ioee/eoue io
iau/iuo ii/oiauo ioi?aaeaiee. Yoe i?eciaee aeaeyony ia iniia-
iua e aniiiiaaoaeueiua. E /eneo iniiaiuo i?eciaeia ioiinyo nea-
aeothuea:

– oieueia ienueia io 3-o ii e auoa, i?e yoii a iai anoue io-
aeaeueiua ooieuaiey;

– niauaiea oeaio?a oyaeanoe ienueia (iaeaoa) e iaeiie ec aai
noi?ii;

– iaee/ea a eiiaa?oa ia?aiauathueony i?aaeiaoia eee ii-
?ioeiia?aciuo iaoa?eaeia;

– iaee/ea ai aeiaeaiee iaoaeee/aneeo eai ieanoianniauo
i?aaeiaoia;

– iaee/ea ia eiiaa?oa ianeyiuo iyoai, i?ieieia; iaoaeee-
/aneeo eiiiie, iieinie e o. ae.;

– iaee/ea iaiau/iiai caiaoa (ieiaeaey, ia?oeeiaia, aeaeaiie
ieanoiannu e ae?oaeo);

a aaiaea?ieyo e iinueeao /aniaiai iaoaiecia
(iaeei ec naiuo i?inouo e ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo ac?uaaoaeae aeaeatho
n iiiiuueth iau/iiai aoaeeeueieea);

– a eiiaa?oao e iaeaoao, a iinuei/iuo yueeao i?e eo ia?a-
ai?a/eaaiee neuoai oi?io ia?anuiathuaainy ii?ioea.

Iaee/ea oioy au iaeiiai ec ia?a/eneaiiuo i?eciaeia (a oai
aieaa n?aco ianeieueeeo) iicaieyao i?aaeiieaaaoue i?enoonoaea a ii-
/oiaii ioi?aaeaiee ac?uaiie .

E /eneo aniiiiaaoaeueiuo i?eciaeia ioiinyony:

– iniai ouaoaeueiay caaeaeea ienueia, aaiaea?iee, iinueee,.a
oii /enea eeieie eaioie, aoiaaeiuie iieinaie e o. ae.;

– iaee/ea iaaeienae oeia , , , , e o. ae.;

– ionoonoaea ia?aoiiai aae?ana eee oaieeee ioi?aaeoaey, ia-
?acai?/eaia eo iaienaiea, yaii auiuoeaiiue aae?an;

– naiiaeaeueiay ianoaiaea?oiay oiaeiaea. N o/aoii neacaiii-
ai neaaeoeoa o?ai iaycaoaeueiui i?aaeeai: anth ii/oo aeieaeai
ane?uaaoue oieueei nae?aoa?ue, ii ia au; aeaeaoue yoi iaaei a niaoee-
aeueii ioaaaeaiiii iiiauaiee iiaeaeueoa io aaoaai eaaeiaoa; a neo-
/aa iieo/aiey iiaeic?eoaeueiie ei??aniiiaeaioeee nae?aoa?ue aeie-
aeai aan eioi?ie?iaaoue, a aai iaaei ?aoeoue, noieo ee aucuaaoue
niaoeeaeenoia.

Neacaiiia caeanue i iinoi?iiieo i?aaeiaoao, inoaoeao ecieyoeee,
i i?iaiaeao e i?i/ai eiaao cia/aiea e a ioiioaiee ioena, _
eaa?oe?u, aea/e, iiaeuacaea, aeaaea iau/iie aoiaeiie aeaa?e, IJ403J

anee oieueei au yoie aeaa?ueth iieuecoaoanue nenoaiaoe/anee. E?iia
oiai, ia?auaeoa aieiaiea ia neaaeu ?aiiioiuo ?aaio, naaaeoth
ie?aneo (iniaaiii ioaeaeueiuo o/anoeia) noai e iieia, ia ia?anoa-
iiaeo iaaaee, ia iiyaeaiea ethauo iiauo i?aaeiaoia. Iai?eia?,
200 a?aii ieanoeoa iao?oaeii ni?yoaoue a ei?ion oaena, a oeaaoi/-
iue ai?oie, a ?aaeeioaeaoiiioth o?oaeo. Ii yoeo aeaoonio a?ai-
iia aieaa /ai aeinoaoi/ii, /oiau aaoiiiaeeue oeia * Aieueai> aian-
oa ni anaie iannaaee?aie i?aa?aoeeny a iueathuee eaoaoaee, a a
eiiiaoa ieiuaaeueth 24 eaaae?aoiuo iao?a ia inoaeinue ie iaeiiai
aeeaiai /aeiaaea!

Iaeioi?ua ia?u iauae aaciianiinoe:

– ecaaaaeoa auoiaeeoue ec aeiia e ioena a iaeeii/eo. Ia?aaeae-
aaoueny a a?oiia anaaaea aaciianiaa;

– noa?aeoanue ii aiciiaeiinoe ecaaaaoue iinoiyiiuo ia?o?o-
oia i?e iiacaeeao ia ?aaioo e n iaa. Iiuo iieacuaaao, /oi i?anooi-
ieee iau/ii aea?aeao naith aea?oao iiae iaaethaeaieai, /oiau aua-
?aoue iaeaieaa iiaeoiaeyuaa ianoi e a?aiy aeey iaiaaeaiey. Auaa?e-
oa oioy au 4 ?aciuo ia?o?ooa e iieuecoeoanue eie ii i?eioeeio
neo/aeiiai auai?a. Iai?aaeneacoaiinoue – aaoa eo/oay caueoa;

– noa?aeoanue acaeeoue ii iaeeaeaiiui aei?iaai, ecaaaaoue ion-
ouiiuo oei/ae e i?inaei/iuo aei?ia. I?iaa?yeoa, ia i?aneaaeoao
ee aan eaeie-oi aaoiiiaeeue. I?e aeaeaeaiee ii iiiai?yaeiiio oin-
na caieiaeoa ianoi a n?aaeiai ?yaeo, /oiau ia aeaoue aiciiaeiinoe
i?eaeaoue aao aaoiiiaeeue e iai/eia;

– eiaaea aaeaoa a iaoeia, cae?uaaeoa ana aeaa?e ia eiiiee, in-
oaaeyeoa ioe?uoui eeoue aao?iaee. Anee aan inoaiiaeee (iai?e-
ia?, AAE) ia auoiaeeoa ec iaoeiu, ai anyeii neo/aa anee ianoi
ionouiiia, a a?aiy nooie oaiiia. Iaoeio aea?aeeoa ia ia?aaea/a,
/oiau eiaoue aiciiaeiinoue a ethaie iiiaio aeaoue aac;

– anee aai eaaeaony, /oi ca aaie neaaeyo ec ae?oaie iaoeiu,
i?iaa?ueoa yoi, aiacaiii iaiyy iai?aaeaiea aeaeaeaiey eee nei-
?inoue, ?acei ia?ano?aeaaynue ec ?yaea a ?yae e iaiaeeaeaiiuie inoa-
iiaeaie. Anee a iiaeic?eoaeueiie iaoeia i?anooiieee, ei i?e-
aeaony ?aaae?iaaoue niioaaonoaothuei ia?acii;

– anee aaoe iiaeic?aiey ii?aaaeuaathony, iaiaaeeaiii nayaee-
oanue n ieeeoeeae eee ni naiae nianoaaiiie . Ia yoio neo/ae o aan iaycaoaeueii aeieaeai eiaoueny
?aaeeioaeaoii. Yoio i?eai? ia ?ineioue, a aeeciaiii aaaeiia n?aae-
noai aaciianiinoe e aeciana. Iaoee aeaiueae ia aaoiiiaeeue, iae-
aeeoa e ia ?aaeeioaeaoii;

– anee iaoeia n i?anooiieeaie ia?aai?iaeeea aai iooue (/aua

anaai a oaeeo neo/ayo eniieuecotho – iaeia iaoeia ia-
?ae?uaaao aei?iao nia?aaee, ae?oaay – ncaaee), ia aieueoie nei?inoe
aaeoa a ianoi, niioaaonoaothuaa iaeiie o?aoe iaoeiu (n?aco ca ia-
?aaeiei eieanii eee ia?aae caaeiei). Ie a eiai neo/aa ia inoaiaa-
eeaaeoanue. Anee ianoiinoue iicaieyao, ooiaeeoa ia nei?inoe ii iai-
/eia, ii aacaei?iaeueth;

– anee i?anooiiee aioiaeony ia/aoue no?aeueao ii aaoae ia-
oeia, oaaee/eaaeoa nei?inoue e iai?aaueoa aaoiiiaeeue i?yii ia
iaai. Io ioeue oe?ieoanue i?eaioaoenue ieaea eiaiaiai noaeea, ii

e–>s i?iaeieaeay aea?aeaoue ?oeue ?oeaie a eca?aiiii iai?aaea-
[1404JJ iee. Naea i?anooiieea iaoeiie, ia o?aoueoa a?aiaie ia au-

yniaiea oiai, a eaeii ii ninoiyiee. Iaiaaeeaiii oacaeaeoa ia iae-
neiaeueiie nei?inoe;

– iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau ana ianoa a aaoiiiaeea (a ia oieueei ia-
?aaeiea) auee niaaaeaiu iiynaie aaciianiinoe. AEaeaoaeueii oae-
aea oe?aieoue naeii ecioo?e aeiiieieoaeueiui ?aa?ii aeanoeinoe,
eneeth/athuei niethueaaiea a neo/ayo iaaeaiey iiae ioein eee
oa?aia. Aiiaua aiai?y, i?e aeaeaiee aaoiiiaeeue ethaie ia?ee
iiaeii n iiiiuueth oiaeueoeaa oae iai?oaeiaaoue aeey , /oi ii noaiao naiaai ?iaea .
E oiaaea au niaoaoa n iooe ethaie aaoiiiaeeue, eoi au ei ie oi-
?aaeye;

– anee a naeii aaoiiiaeey caa?ineee aooueeo n caaeeaaoaeue-
iie nianueth, ia inoaiaaeeaaeoanue. Oaiia?aoo?a aioo?e naeiia ia
iiaeieiaony auoa 55-60 a?aaeonia, a oaeay oaiia?aoo?a ia iiania
aeey aeecie. Ia i?aaeaeueiie nei?inoe ooiaeeoa io ianoa i?ienoa-
noaey – aaaeue aooueeo a?ineee eiaiii aeey oiai, /oiau
aan ec iaoeiu. Anee oioyo oie/oiaeeoue, oi a?inatho a?aiaoo oeia
O-1, a nai i?anooiiee iaiaaeeaiii ne?uaaaony;

– i?eacaeaeoa ia ?aaioo e oacaeaeoa n iaa a ?aciia a?aiy. Anee
aiciiaeii, iieuecoeoanue ?aciuie aoiaeaie a caeaiea. Anee aoiae a
aao ioen oieueei iaeei, iaania/ueoa iinoiyiiue eiio?ieue ca iei;

-ecaaaaeoa i?eacaeaoue a ioen a /anu, eiaaea oai ieeiai iao.
Inoa?aaaeoanue ethaiai iinoi?iiiaai /aeiaaea, aac aeaea neiiythua-
ainy aicea caeaiey eee ii ei?eaei?o. O?aaoeoa io naiae io?aiu au-
yniaiey aai ee/iinoe;

– ia noieoa aanoeaeueii aicea ieii. Ia ?aniieaaaeoa ?yaeii n
ieiii naia ?aai/aa ianoi, anee aai iiaeii i?iniao?eaaoue n oee-
oeu, ec ieii (a oii /enea /a?aea/iuo) aeeaeaeoeo caeaiee;

– ioiineoanue inoi?iaeii e i?inueaai i oioia?aoe?iaaiee eee
eioa?aueth o naay aeiia. I?aaeaa?eoaeueii ii?aaeaeeoa a?aiy aeceoa,
aai i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue, /oi au iicaieeoa noioia?aoe?iaaoue eee
/oi neaaeaoa. Ia a?aiy aeceoa iaania/ueoa naay io?aiie. Ia aion-
eaeoa aieueoaa /enei ethaeae, /ai yoi auei iaiai?aii ca?aiaa. A –
ethaii neo/aa eo ia aeieaeii auoue aieaa aeaoo;

– naeaeaeoa oae, /oiau aaoe aeaoe oiaeeee a oeieo e ec oeieu
a nii?iaiaeaeaiee ac?ineuo. I?aaeoi?aaeeoa o/eoaeae, /oi aaoeo
aeaoae ie i?e eaeeo ianoiyoaeuenoaao ia iiaoo ano?a/aoue e ioai-
ceoue aeiiie iinoi?iiiea ethaee, a oii /enea aeaiueiu;

– enoiaeeoa anaaaea ec oiai i?aaeiieiaeaiey, /oi aao oaeaoii
i?ineooeaaaony. Aoaeueoa i/aiue inoi?iaeiu a oaeaoiiiuo ?acaiai-
?ao. Yoi eanaaony eae neoaeaaiuo oaeaoiiia, oae e aeiiaoiaai, a
oai aieaa – ?aaeeioaeaoiia;

– i?aaeoi?aaeeoa ?iaeiuo e aeeceeo aai ethaeae, /oiau iie ia
aioneaee a aeii iaciaeiiuo, ieeiio ia niiauaee naaaeaiee i aa-
oae aeayoaeueiinoe, i ianoiiaoiaeaeaiee (iiieii ioena, ?acoiaao-
ny), ia i?eieiaee ieeaeeo iaeaoia eee I?aaeiaoia, anee ia cia-
tho, io eiai iie i?eneaiu;

– ioiineoanue ianoi?iaeaiii e eeoeai, auaeathuei naay ca ?a-
aioieeia ai?iaeneeo eiiioiaeueiuo neoaea, ca ?aiiioiuo ?aai-
/eo, ca ?icie/iuo oi?aiaoeaa, aae?oa iiyaeaoeony a ?aeiia aa-
oaai aeiia eee ioena (aue neo/ae, eiaaea oaeeoea caianee- ,e–.
?iaaeny iiae oee/iiai i?iaeaaoea o?oeoia e onoaiiaee naith IL405]

oaeaaeeo ?yaeii n aeiiii aea?oau. Aecianiai auoae ec iiaeuacaea e
iieo/ee ianeieueei ioeue);

– ia ianoaeaeaeoa ieaiu aeaeiauo iiacaeie e ano?a/ i?e iinoi-
?iiieo ethaeyo. Ia aaaeeoa aeaeiauo ia?aaiai?ia ii oaeaoiio a i?e-
noonoaee iinaoeoaeae. Anee aai a yoi a?aiy caiiyo, i?aaeeaaaeoa.
ia?acaiieoue iicaea;

– iiaeaea?aeeaaeoa ae?oaeaneea ioiioaiey n ninaaeyie, iniaaiiia
iiaeeeuie. Eiaiii iaineiia?u (iniaaiii aeaiueiu), i?iaiaeyuea
oeaeua aeie ia eaai/eao aicea aeiia, iiaoo ia?auie aan i?aaeoi?a-
aeeoue i iiaeic?eoaeueiuo oeiao, i oii, /oi eoi-oi eioa?anoaony aaie
eee aaoae iaoeiie, aaoeie aeaoueie, iuoaeny i?iieeiooue a eaa?-
oe?o e o. ae.;

– ianoaeeoa n ?iaeiuie, /oi iie aeieaeiu aeaeaoue a oii neo/aa,
anee aan eee eiai-oi ec ieo iioeoyo. Naeaeaeoa iaiaoiaeeiua oe-
iainiaua e eiua ?anii?yaeaiey ia yoio neo/ae, oeaaeeoa iiia?a
oaeaoiiia, ii eioi?ui iaaei caiieoue, aiiaua ?ac?aaioaeoa naie
. Anee aaaeo aeaeaoue, io iaa iaiueoa a?aaea, eiaaea
iia i?eoiaeeo.

?yeao eee auiiaaoaeuenoai – naiue ?ani?ino?aiaiiue aeae
i?anooieaiee, niaa?oaaiuo a ioiioaiee aecianiaiia. Eo/oay
caueoa io auiiaaoaeuenoaa – aeoaieay ieuaoa. Ii iineieueeo
aecianiai – ii ii?aaeaeaieth – e ieuei ia ioiineony, ?anniio-
?ei aeaa iaeaieaa /anoi ano?a/athueony aeaea ?yeaoa.

1. I?aaei?eieiaoaey oaioaaee?otho oai, /oi oa?iaeatho i?aaeaoue
iaeanea eeai iai?aaeoue a eaeea-oi iian-
iua aeey iaai naaaeaiey. Iai?eia?, niiaueoue a iaeiaiaoth iiee-
oeeth i oii, /oi ii ne?ue io iaa aanueia cia/eoaeueioth noiio. Eee
eoiee ai?iaaiiue oiaa? (aa?eaiou: a?aeiaaiiue, n auoaaeoei
n?ieii aiaeiinoe, iaeiiaeeoeeiiiue e o. ae.).

A yoii neo/aa i?aaeaea anaai iaaei oyiooue a?aiy, /oiau auyn-
ieoue, ianeieueei inaaaeiieai oaioaaeeno ia enoeiiii ninoiyiee
aaoeo aeae, e /oiau iiiuoaoueny iaia?oaeeoue aai (n iiiiuueth nia-
oeeaeenoia, eiia/ii). Iai?eia?, au iiaeaoa no?anoii e a?aoiai-
oe?iaaiea aeieacuaaoue, /oi o?aaoaiay io aan noiia iaiuneeii
aaeeea, o aan oaeeo aeaiaa i?inoi iao, ii e?aeiae ia?a a aeaiiue
iiiaio. Au iiaeaoa oaeaea iooyaeaaoue auieaoo iiae aiieia ?acoi-
iui e oaaaeeoaeueiui i?aaeeiaii i?iaa?ee na?ueaciinoe oao aeieo-
iaioia, eioi?ua anoue o oaioaaeenoa.

Aiieia aa?iyoii, /oi naaaeaiey yoe ia oae oae e no?aoiu, a oi
e aiana ioeai/iu. Ie a eiai neo/aa ia niaoeoa ?aaeinoii niia-
uaoue aiiieiiiio a?aao i oii, /oi aai oa?icu aai ia no?aoiu. En-
iieuecoeoa eioi?iaoeeiiiia i?aeiouanoai a naieo eioa?anao. Eae
ieieioi, caienuaaeoa naie oaeaoiiiua ia?aaiai?u ia iaaieoi-
oii. Nia?aiaiiay oaoieea iicaieyao ni 100% oi/iinoueth ioiaeaea-
noaeyoue aieina ethaeae, e eaeei au ooeu?aieyi iie ie i?eaaaaee
aeey ianee?iaee.

Aua iaeii oi?ioaa n?aaenoai caueou – aeaceioi?iaoeey. Anee
o aan anoue oioy au oaiue iiaeic?aiey, /oi eoi-oi ioioeony ca eiii-
?iiaoe?othueie iaoa?eaeaie – iieaeeoa ioioieeo iaano?a/o.
I?aaiecoeoa ?ani?ino?aiaiea niioaaonoaothueo neooia, caaioiaue-
f>.–.s oa oaeueoeaua aeieoiaiou e naeaeaeoa ana iaiaoiaeeiia aeey
|[406]| oiai, /oiau niiaee iciaeiieoueny n ieie.

Ionoea a ia?auaiea , au nei?aa anaai ni?iaioee?oaoa auii-
aaoaey naeaeaoue ia?aue oaa. Oai naiui au niiaeaoa onoaiiaeoue aai
ee/iinoue e iieo/eoa i?oaeea i?ioea iaai, ie/ai ia ?eneoy naie.
Iauaa i?aaeei aeaneo, /oi oaioaaeenou /aua anaai iaoiaeyony
n?aaee aeeaeaeoaai ie?oaeaiey aecianiaia. Yoi iiaoo auoue aua-
oea nio?oaeieee, ia?oia?u ii aeaeai, ninaaee, aeaaea ?iaenoaaiieee,
iaaeiaieueiua aaie e naieie ca?aaioeaie neoaeauea, aniiiiaa-
oaeueiue ia?niiae.

2. Aoi?ie aa?eaio – yoi eiaaea i?anooiieee o?aaotho ei cai-
eaoeoue ca oi, /oiau iie ia naeaeaee /aai-ieaoaeue ieioiai aecian-
iaio, aai aeeceei, aai oe?ia. Iiioey?iua aa?eaiou a aeaiiii
neo/aa – iaaycuaaiea , eee i?aaeeiaeaiea n onoaiiaeaieai ia?iiiiai ieeaaea. A oii, /oi aicieeaao
iiaeiaiay neooaoeey, ia?aaeei auaaao aeiiaao nai aecianiai. Ia-
i?eia?, a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea ii ia?auaaony e
aeey aueiea/eaaiey aeieaia o ceinoiuo iaieaoaeueueeia. E oia-
aea, eiaaea ii i?ineo i?anooiiiai ie?a oeaaeeoue
eaeia-oi uaeioeeaia aeaei, ia aiieia ii?iaeueiia n oi/ee c?aiey
caeiia.

Anee ia aan e?oiiay i?anooiiay a?oiie?iaea, oi
iia, nei?aa anaai, ia?aie/eony iaeiaeaieai , ia i?aauoa-
thuae 10-15-20% io aeioiaea i?aaei?eyoey. A aio iaaieueoea aai-
aeu () no?aiyony e iaeneiaeueiiio auaeaaieth
n?aaenoa, aieioue aei iieiiai ?aci?aiey i?aaei?eieiaoaey. Ii e a
oii e a ae?oaii neo/aa neaaeoao eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi auiieiaiea ia?-
aiia/aeueiuo o?aaiaaiee (/anoi aeiaieueii oia?aiiuo) – yoi eeoue
niinia iiianoue ia e?th/ie. Aoaeoo iioii ana iiaua noiiu e ana ii-
aua oneiaey.

Eae i?ioeainoiyoue? Io i?aaeaea anaai oiaea iaaei iaeneiaeueii
oyiooue a?aiy, /oiau auynieoue, eoi ia aan e eaeiaa
noaiaiue ?aaeueiie oa?icu. Iaycaoaeueii iaaei ia?aoeoueny e niaoeea-
eenoai ec io?aiiie oe?iu eeai a ieeeoeeth – yoi aai eo/oa ?a-
oaoue naiiio, eiio aeiaa?eoueny. Naiue yooaeoeaiue niinia i?i-
oeaiaeaenoaey ?yeaoe?ai – yoi ano?a/iue ?yeao. Ii ii aea naiue
neiaeiue e aei?iainoiyuee. Ai?acaei i?iua ia?aie/eoueny ?aoe-
oaeueiui ioeacii, iiaee?aieaiiui aeaiiino?aoeeae eieeaeoeaiie
neeu: iiyaeaieai ia ai?eciioa ieeeoeee, io?aiieeia, oaeio?a-
ieoaeae, inouanoaeaieai eiiieaena ia? aaciianiinoe, auyaea-
iea enoi/ieeia eioi?iaoeee (eoi ia aan ), iieneii iiae-
neooae, ?ac?aaioeie ieaia aeaenoaee aaoeo ?iaeiuo e nio?oaeie-
eia a e?eceniie neooaoeee (caoaao caeiaeieeia, iioeuaiea aeaoae,
aeoeee ono?aoaiey). E?eceniue ieai iiiiaeao iaeneiaeueii niya-
/eoue oaea?, anee ii ana aea aoaeao iaianai, ecaaaeaoue iaieee, iai?i-
aeoiaiiuo ?aoaiee.

N?aaee anao aeaeia i?anooieaiee a NIA ii/oe 70% ninoaaeytho
e?aaee e a?aaaaee eiouanoaa a?aaeaeai (aeeth/ay, anoanoaaiii, aec-
ianiaiia), nianoaaiiinoe i?aaei?eyoee e oe?i. E eaaeaeia o?aouea
n?aaee yoeo eiouanoaaiiuo i?anooieaiee auei aoeaaeueii ni?i-
aioee?iaaii aania/iinoueth aeaaeaeueoeaa eeai iaaeinoaoi/iie caue-
uaiiinoueth iano o?aiaiey iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae. N o/aoii nea-
caiiiai y oi/o ?anneacaoue i ia?ao i?aaaioeaiie caueou

aaoiiiaeey, eaa?oe?u, eiooaaeaea. |[407]

Aaoiiaoeia.

Naiay iaaeaaeiay ia?a i?aaeinoi?iaeiinoe – ia inoaaeyoue aa aac
i?eniio?a ie ia ieiooo. Iai?eia?, anee o aan anoue ee/iay io?a-
ia, ionoue eoi-oi ec oaeio?aieoaeae anaaaea iaoiaeeony a aaoiiiae-
ea eee ?yaeii n iei. Anai inoaeueiui aecianiaiai neaaeoao ai anao
neo/ayo inoaaeyoue iaoeio a oaeii ianoa, /oiau iia auea iiae i?e-
niio?ii: ia io?aiyaiie noiyiea, a iiea c?aiey ec ieia ioena
(eaa?oe?u), a aa?aaea.

Iaiiiith i oaeeo i?icae/aneeo aauao (oau, ii/aio-oi i ieo
neeoeii /anoi caauaatho), eae cae?uoua ieia e caia?oua aeaa?e,
eae ionoonoaea a naeiia oeaiiuo aauae, ii?ooaeae e aa?oiae iaeaae-
aeu (ai?u iau/ii aeoiatho, /oi oai eaaeao aeaiueae), eae eeth/ caaee-
aaiey, ni?yoaiiue a aao ea?iai. Aa?ioaoenue e iaoeia iinea
ioeo/ee, caaeyieoa aioo?ue, oaaaeeoanue, /oi a iae ieeiai iao, iee-
oi ia ni?yoaeny ia iieo iaaeaeo neaeaiueyie. Iniio?eoanue aie?oa,
iao ee iaiiaeaeaeo iiaeic?eoaeueiie eiiiaiee. Eiiaaea i?anooiie-
ee aeaaeaeueoeaa aaoiiiaeeae eiaiii a oio iiiaio, eiaaea
iie ioe?uaatho aeaa?e, /oiau nanoue ca ?oeue. Iniaaiii anee ianoi
aacethaeiia eee oaiiia.

Neaioeee aiai?yo, /oi iiuoiiai oaiiueea ia inoaiiaeo io-
?aiiia ono?ienoai, iaeiaei ia oi iie e neaioeee. Noaoenoeea oo-
aa?aeaeaao ia?aoiia. Iiiuoea oaiia a ainueie neo/ayo ec aeanyoe i?i-
aaeeony, anee iaoeia iai?oaeiaaia oae iacuaaaiuie , ioeeth/athueie aeeoioeyoi?, noiii?yueie ?oeaaoth
eieiieo e iaaeaeue noeaieaiey e niaaeeiaiiuie e oiio aea n neaiaeue-
iie ne?aiie. Eiia/ii, noii?ioeaioiie aa?aioee ia aeano ieeoi (oai
aieaa /oi oaoie/aneay iaea?aiiinoue iaeioi?uo i?anooiieeia au-
cuaaao ainoeuaiea), ii ana aea niaoeeaeueiua cauaeee ia aao?iae-
ee, ia ia?aaeiea e caaeiea noaeea, oeo?ioiiua noiii?u, i?ioeai-
oaiiiua ono?ienoaa canoaaeytho ia?aie/aoue aeaaea naiuo iiuoiuo
i?ioanneiiaeia. Iie oiaea ethaee, ?aaioaoue a oneiaeyo no?anna ia
ethayo, iiyoiio auaa?oo naaa aieaa aeinooiiue iauaeo, /ai aaoa
. /

Ia iieaieoanue iaianoe niaoeeaeueioth ia?ee?iaeo ia oa?u,
noaeea, eieana, ?aaeeii?eaiiee e iaaieoioii. Yoa ia?ee?iaea
aeieaeia auoue aeinoaoi/ii ecyuiie n oi/ee c?aiey ynoaoeee e a oi
aea a?aiy caiaoiie: ia oae oae iiiai iaeaeaony i?anooiieeia, nii-
niaiuo iica?eoueny ia aauue n eeaeiii aeaaeaeueoea. I/aiue oi?ioaa
n?aaenoai caueou – niaoeeaeueiay ieaiea A?I 360, onoaiaaeeaaa-
iay ia aaoiiiaeeueiua noaeea, cia/eoaeueii oaaee/eaathuay a?a-
iy e ?acei noaeathuay aiciiaeiinoe i?iieeiiaaiey aioo?ue naei-
ia n iiiiuueth eiieea eee iieioea.

Aua iaeii aaaeiia ianoiyoaeuenoai – aaoiiiaeeue iaiaoiaeeii ca-
no?aoiaaoue. Aeaaii aaaeue neacaii, /oi .
Anee aai noaeaeaii iioa?youe naiaai , au niiaeaoa
oioy au eiiiaine?iaaoue noieiinoue oo?aou.

Iiiauaiea.

Aeey oiai, /oiau ia?aaeoue eaa?oe?o eee eiooaaeae, i?anooiie-
eo iaaei iiianoue aioo?ue iiiauaiey. Iooae i?iieeiiaaiey anaai
o?e: aeaa?e, ieia, aaeeiiu (aieaa yecioe/aneea niiniau, a?iaea
.–e, i?iaeaaiey noai iai?aaeaiiui ac?uaii, inoaaei eeii-
C^OSJJ oieeai).

Eoae, aeaa?ue:

– aeaa?ue neaaeoao aeaeaoue ec i?i/iiai iaoa?eaea, oieueiie ia
iaiaa 7 ni. Iaieioi iie?uoue aa iaoaeee/aneei eenoii. Iaoaee
iaaei caianee?iaaoue e?aneie, neioaoeeie, ?aeeaie, eiaecaiaie-
oaeai, /oiau ia i?eaeaeaoue eeoiaai aieiaiey. Aua eo/oa noa-
aeoue aeaieioth aeaa?ue – ia?aoth ec ae?aaaneiu, aoi?oth – iaoaeee-
/aneoth;

– a nia?aiaiiuo eaa?oe?ao i?i/iay aeaa?ue eaaei auaeaaaony
aianoa n aeaa?iie ei?iaeie. Iiyoiio aaaeii iniiaaoaeueii oe?aieoue
yoo ei?iaeo iaoaeee/aneeie oou?yie, caaaoiie?iaaiiuie a noa-
iao, iioieea e iieo;

– iaycaoaeueiia o?aaiaaiea – aeaa?ue aeieaeia ioe?uaaoueny ia-
?oaeo, oaeoth oaea ia auaueaoue. Anee ia iaa iinoaaeoue e oiio aea
iaeeaaeiie caiie, oi aai o?oaeiaa aoaeao aceiiaoue, ioaeaoue ?eaaeue
caiea;

– oneeueoa noai? aeaa?e e aeaa?iie ei?iaee oaieueieeaie ec noa-
ee, /oiau i?anooiiee ia iia anoaaeoue a uaeue eiiee eee oiii?;

– noaaueoa ia aeaa?ue ia iaiaa aeaoo iaaeaaeiuo caieia ?acee/-
iie eiino?oeoeee (iai?eia?, iaeei oeeeeiae?iaue, a ae?oaie noaaeue-
aeiue). Iie aeieaeiu auoue oaeaeaiu ae?oa io ae?oaa ia iaiaa, /ai ia
35-40 ni;

– caiee iaaei noaaeoue n iaoaieciaie aunieie nae?aoiinoe e
i?i/iinoe, iai?eia?, n e?anoiia?aciuie eeth/aie eee n oeeo?i-
aui iaai?ii. I?aaeaea /ai onoaiaaeeaaoue caiee ia aeaa?ue, aeaeoa
eo neana?th (ia ciathuaio aan e aaoae eaa?oe?u) e iii?ineoa ia-
iiiai oneiaeieoue eiioeao?aoeeth eeth/a, a oaeaea aei?aaioaoue cai-
ee. Yoi aeaeaaony i?inoi: a oeeeeiae?iaue caiie aaiaeeony oii?, a
noaaeueaeiue aai?a/eaaaony aeiiieieoaeueiue aeio;

– ia?oaeioth aeaa?ue iaycaoaeueii inianoeoa i?i/iie iaoaeee-
/aneie oeaii/eie e oioy au iaeiei iaaeaaeiui caniaii. Niio?iaie
aeacie a aeaa?e oiaea ia iiiaoaao, iaeiaei eo/oa auei au caeacaoue
eaeiio-ieaoaeue oiaeueoeo i?inoaeoee ia?eneii. Oiaaea iiaeii ao-
aeao iaic?aaaoue naa?oo ana i?ino?ainoai ia?aae aeaa?ueth, ia ?eneoy
iieo/eoue ioeth a aeac /a?ac niio?iaia ioaa?noea;

– aeaeaoaeueii, /oiau caie?athuaa ono?ienoai ia?oaeiie aeaa-
?e ia eiaei ioaa?noey aeey eeth/a (iai?eia?, yeaeo?iiiue caiie
n aeenoaioeeiiiui eiaeiaui oi?aaeaieai e aaoiiiiiie nenoaiie
ieoaiey). Aeaei a oii, /oi iaeioi?ua i?anooiieee ai?uneeaatho
/a?ac neaaaeeio eeneioo, ?acuaaeathuoth ono?ienoai iaoaie/anei-
ai caiea;

– eniieuecoeoa iaoiae aeaceioi?iaoeee. *oiau aaanoe i?anooi-
ieea a caaeoaeaeaiea, oe?aieoa aaea-ieaoaeue a aa?oiae iieiaeia noai-
?a aeaa?e ethaie aeao/ee io noa?ie neaiaeecaoeee. E?iia oiai, oeaao-
iui i?iaiaeii i?iaaaeeoa eeieth ec eaa?oe?u a ?ani?aaeaeeoaeue-
ioth ei?iaeo ia eanoie/iie ieiuaaeea, ie/aai e yoiio i?iaiaeo ia
i?eniaaeeiyy. Iaee/ea aeao/eea e i?iaiaea canoaaeo eaa?oe?iiai
ai?a caaeoiaoueny. Ii aaaeue ciaao, /oi a iiiaio ?ac?ooaiey i?iaiaea
eee aeao/eea neaiaeecaoeey ana ?aaii n?aaioaao.

Ieia yaeythony iaeaieaa oycaeiui ianoii ethaiai iiiaua-
iey. Aaaeue noaeei eaaei ?acaeoue, auaeaaeoue, au?acaoue noaeei?acii.
*oi iiaeii iiniaaoiaaoue aeey caueou ieii? Ai-ia?auo, ia (.–^
ieia a aeeeuo iiiauaieyo noaaueoa oieueei aeaieiua ?aiu Oe.^09]

iiauoaiiie i?i/iinoe. Anee ieia ioe?uaathony, iicaaioueoanue i
oii, /oiau o ieo auee e?aieea e iaaeaaeiua oieiaaeaou.

Ai-aoi?uo, ieia ia?auo yoaaeae, inoaeeaiiua aeaa?e aaeeiiia
e eiaeaeee, ieia, ?aniieiaeaiiua ?yaeii n iiaea?iie eanoieoeae, n
aea?aaueyie, n e?uoae i?eiueathueo caeaiee, iaiaoiaeeii i?ee?u-
aaoue ?aoaoeaie. *oiau aaoa aeeeeua ia iioiaeeei ia oth?ueio, i?e-
ia?aoaeoa ?aoaoee iaiau/iie eiioeao?aoeee, auiieiaiiua n o/a-
oii ynoaoe/aneeo o?aaiaaiee.

A-o?aoueeo, eniieuecoeoa caueoiua ieaiee, iaeeaeaaaiua ia
noaeea (oeia A?thenaoieue, A?I 360 e ae?.). Oaeea ieaiee oaea?aee-
aatho ?acaeoia eee o?anioaoaa noaeei a ?aia, ia aeaaay aio ?acea-
oaoueny ia ineieee. Aeaaiaea?y yoiio iii i?iaeieaeaao auiieiyoue
naie caueoiua ooieoeee, i?aiyonoaoy i?iieeiiaaieth nia?oaee.
Enoaoe, noaeei n iaianaiiie caueoiie ieaieie oniaoii i?ioe-
ainoieo ac?uaiie aieia e aooueeai n caaeeaaoaeueiie nianueth
().

A-/aoaa?ouo, eaaeaeia ieii i?iniao?eaaaiia ecaia (n oeeoeu,
ec ieii caeaiee, ?aniieiaeaiiuo iai?ioea), cae?uaaeoa ecioo?e
ieioiuie ooi?aie. Ionoonoaea eioi?iaoeee i oii, /oi i?ienoi-
aeeo a iiiauaiee, oiaea a eaeie-oi ia?a caueuaao aeeeeua io ia-
aeaeaoaeueiuo aeceoia.

Aaeeiiu, iacaaeneii io yoaaea, iaiaoiaeeii ia?aaeaeaoue aeaei-
?aoeaiuie ?aoaoeaie aeinoaoi/iie i?i/iinoe. Eo/oa anaai i?a-
a?auaoue eo a inoaeeaiiua eiaeaeee, a noaeea ieeaeaaoue caueoiie
ieaieie (n?ie aa yenieoaoaoeee a iaoeo iiaiaeiuo oneiaeyo ia ia-
iaa 10 eao).

Neaiaeecaoeey.

Oeaeaniia?acii caeeth/eoue aeiaiai? n ianoiui ioaeaeii ie-
eeoeee i oaoie/aneie io?aia eaa?oe?u. Anee yoi ii eaeei-oi
i?e/eiai iaaiciiaeii (eee iaaeaeaoaeueii), inianoeoa naia aee-
eeua nenoaiie neaiaeecaoeee. Eiaiii nenoaiie, oi anoue oeaeui
eiiieaenii i?eai?ia, a ia iaeiei-aaeeinoaaiiui ono?ienoaii
ia aeaa?e.

Neaiaeueiua ono?ienoaa aeey io?aiu eiathony ia ?uiea a aieue-
oii auai?a. N?aaee ieo aeaoaeoi?u ?acaeoey noaeie, aceiia aeaa-
?ae e caieia, ia?aaeaeaeaiey ethaeae aioo?e iiiauaiee, ia?aia-
uaiee ?acee/iuo i?aaeiaoia. Aeao/eee neaiaeueiuo i?eai?ia iiae-
ii ?aciauaoue ia aeaa?yo, ieiao, ?aoaoeao, noaiao, iioieea,
iaaaee, onoaiaaeeaaoue eo a inaaoeoaeueiie a?iaoo?a, auoiauo
yeaeo?ii?eai?ao. A caaeneiinoe io i?eioeeia aeaenoaey iie auaa-
tho eio?ae?aniuie, naenie/aneeie, iee?iaieiiauie, aeonoe-
/aneeie, oaeaaeceiiiuie, eiiieaeniuie (iai?eia?, eio?ae?an-
ii-iee?iaieiiauie). Iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiu eiiieaeniua ono-
?ienoaa, ii iie e aei?iaea ae?oaeo.

?aoay aii?in ia onoaiiaea io?aiiie neaiaeecaoeee, iaia-
oiaeeii i?aaeaea caaeoiaoueny i oii, eiio yoa nenoaia aoaeao nea-
iaeece?iaaoue? Aaoae io?aia, ieeeoeee, ninaaeyi, neo/aeiui
i?ioiaeei? Eee iaiin?aaenoaaiii aeaaeaeueoeo n iiiiuueth ?aaeei-
ia?aaeao/eea? Aoi?ie aii?in oiai aea ?iaea: eae nei?i ia ianoi
i?ienoanoaey niiaeao yaeoueny aaoa ? E anoue ee aiiaua o aan niaoeeaeenou aeey ano?a-
(410JJ /e iai?ioaiuo ainoae?

Naeou.

Ia oio neo/ae, anee ie/oi ia oaa?aaei aaoo eaa?oe?o eee ioen
io aoi?aeaiey i?anooiieeia, iaiaoiaeeii eiaoue iineaaeithth – iaaeaaeiua naeou. A noaoeeiia?iuo e noaiiuo nae-
oao neaaeoao o?aieoue aeaiueae, oeaiiua aoiaae, aeieoiaiou, ae?aai-
oeaiiinoe, i?oaeea, ae?oaea i?aaeiaou, eioi?ua au oioeoa nio?aieoue
iai?eeiniiaaiiuie.

Ia ?uiea iiaeii nae/an iaeoe naeou ?aciuo ?acia?ia e eii-
‘ no?oeoeee: io naiuo iaeaiueeeo (16,5o37, 5o35 ni), i?aaeiacia/ai-
iuo aeey aaoiie?iaaiey a noaia, aei a?iie?iaaiiuo oeaoia
(140o65o60 ni). Iaeaieaa i?aaeii/oeoaeueiu oa iiaeaee, eioi?ua
eiaao caie?athuea iaoaieciu n iee?ii?ioeanni?iui oi?aaeaie-
ai e aaoiiiiiie nenoaiie ieoaiey (aa?aioeeiue n?ie neoaeau aac
ia?aca?yaeee aaoa?ae – 2 aiaea) e iaania/eaatho caueoo ia oieueei
io aceiia, ii e io iiaea?a.

A oaia?ue i oii, eae aanoe naay i?e iioeuaiee.

Iioeuaiea aecianiaia eee /eaiia aai naiuee n oeaeueth aueoia
yaeyaony iaeiei ec ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo aeaeia oaieiaiuo i?anooi-
eaiee. E?iia oiai, noaoue caeiaeieeii iiaeii neo/aeii, iai?eia?
i?e ia?aaeaiee aaiea, iaaaceia, eaa?oe?u, caai?iaeiiai eiooaae-
aea eeai i?e caoaaoa ethaeae oa??i?enoaie.

Caeiaeiee – yoi /aeiaae, eioi?ue iaoiaeeony ai aeanoe i?a-
nooiieeia. Neacaiiia ia cia/eo, /oi ii aiiaua eeoai aiciiaeii-
noe ai?ioueny ca aeaaiiieo/iia ?ac?aoaiea oie neooaoeee, a eioi-
?ie ieacaeny. Iai?ioea, io aai iiaaaeaiey caaeneo iiiaia. Auai?
i?aaeeueiie eeiee iiaaaeaiey o?aaoao iaee/ey niioaaonoaothueo
ciaiee. Oaeiauie aeieaeiu iaeaaeaoue eae nai aecianiai, oae e ana
/eaiu aai naiuee.

Eeanne/aneay noaia iioeuaiey auaeyaeeo neaaeothuei ia?a-
cii: ieaie?iaaiea, iiaeaioiaea, caoaao, oe?uoea caeiaeieea, ia-
uaiea e aeii?inu, aaaeaiea ia?aaiai?ia, iieo/aiea aueoia, inai-
aiaeaeaiea eee oaeenoai aea?oau.

Ia yoaia ieaie?iaaiey i?anooiieee iaia/atho iauaeo aeey
iioeuaiey, noiio i?aaeiieaaaaiiai aueoia, o/anoieeia iia?a-
oeee, iaeaieaa iiaeoiaeyuea ianoa aeey iioeuaiey, aaaeaiey ia?a-
aiai?ia, iieo/aiey aueoia. Iaeaieaa aaaeiuie iiiaioaie yoa-
ia ieaie?iaaiey yaeythony aeaa acaeiinaycaiiuo: auai? iiaeoi-
aeyuae aea?oau e ii?aaeaeaiea noiiu aueoia. Naiue aieueoie
aueoi iaoaai a?aiaie ninoaaee 60 ieeeeiiia aeieea?ia. Ii aue
oiea/ai i?anooiieeai a 1975 aiaeo a A?aaioeia ca inaiaiaeaeaiea
aeaoo a?aoueaa Ai?i. Naiue aieueoie ec ecaanoiuo aueoiia a ia-
oae no?aia aue oiea/ai aaiaea sseoeyioea (5 /aeiaae), caoaaoea-
oae a aeaeaa?a 1989 aiaea 30 oeieueieeia aianoa n o/eoaeueieoeae, –
3 ieeeeiia aeieea?ia.

Ia anaaaea a aeciana iioeuaiea naycaii n aueoiii. Ia?aaeei
oaeei niiniaii iuoathony iieo/eoue eaeoth-oi aaaeioth eioi?-
iaoeeth, canoaaeoue aecianiaia iieoe ia iaaeaeaoaeueiia aeey iaai
nio?oaeie/anoai, ioeacaoueny io ?aaeecaoeee iaia/aiiuo ieaiia
e o. ae.

I?aaaioeaiua ia?u caueou aecianiaia ia yoii yoaia naiaeyo-
ny e inouanoaeaieth eiiieaena iaueo ia? aaciianiinoe. ^–>s
Iniaia cia/aiea n?aaee ieo eiatho nie?uoea eioi?iaoeee I [411 ]j

i naiai aeaaininoiyiee, ianee?iaea e aeaceioi?iaoeey, iaee/ea
ee/iie io?aiu, i?iaaaeaiea iia?aoeaiie ?aaiou ii auyaeaieth ii-
oaioeeaeueiuo iaeao/eeia.

Ia yoaia iiaeaioiaee i?anooiieee oaeaeytho aieueoia aieia-
iea aeaoaeueiiio eco/aieth ia?aca aeecie iaia/aiiie eie aea?oau
(e anao /eaiia aai naiuee), oao ianoao, aaea ii /aua anaai auaaao,
i?aaei?eieiaaiuo ei ia? aaciianiinoe. Iie i?iaiaeyo ouaoaeue-
iia eco/aiea ianoiinoe, ooi/iytho ia?o?oou aeaeaeaiey iaaeaeo aei-
iii, ?aaioie, ae?oaeie iinauaaiuie ianoaie, auyniytho ?anii-
eiaeaiea iiiauaiee a eaa?oe?a eee ioena, naeoi? iaci?a ec ieii
e o. ae. Oae, iaeaioia naiaai iioeuaiey iaeei iineianeee aecian-
iai caiaoee, /oi a oa/aiea ianeieueeeo aeiae ii aei?iaa ia ?aaioo
aai iaaiiyea iaeia e oa aea eiiia?ea, eioi?ay iioii aeieaia a?aiy
iaoiaeeeanue ia noiyiea aicea aai ioena. Ethaee ioooaea ia auoiaee-
ee, i?iaeieaeay inoaaaoueny ia naieo ianoao. Caiaoee, ii ia i?eaeae
cia/aiey oaeaeaiiiio, a neoaeau aaciianiinoe o iaai ia auei.

Eco/atho i?anooiieee e aeeceeo ae?ocae, aeaeiauo ia?oia?ia,
i?eaeeaeaiiuo nio?oaeieeia aecianiaia. Yoi aeaeaaony aeey ii?a-
aeaeaiey oao eeoe, eioi?ua iiaoo ieacaoueny iieaciuie i?e aaaea-
iee ia?aaiai?ia. Ooi/iytho eo eiaia e oaieeee, aae?ana i?iaee-
aaiey, eaa?oe?iua oaeaoiiu, ia?ee e ?aaeno?aoeeiiiua iiia?a
ee/iuo aaoiiiaeeae, i?eiaou aiaoiinoe aeey auno?iai e oi/ii-
ai iiiciaiey.

Ia?u caueou ia yoii yoaia aiaeiae/iu i?aaeuaeouei, n oie
iaiai?eie, /oi aua aieueoaa cia/aiea eiaao iia?aoeaiay ?aaioa
neoaeau aaciianiinoe. I?e iaee/ee eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo nio?oae-
ieeia a aa ooaoa iie iaycaoaeueii ii?aaeaeyo aaaeaiea neaaeee, ii-
auoaiiia aieiaiea e aecianiaio, aai naiuea e oe?ia. Ia oi iie e
i?ioanneiiaeu.

Caoaao yaeyaony oeaio?aeueiie /anoueth iia?aoeee. Aiaeec ii-
aeiaiuo aeoeee, eiaaoeo ianoi ia Caiaaea, iieacae, /oi 90% anao
iioeuaiee aecianiaiia i?ienoiaeeo a oio iiiaio, eiaaea aea?oaa
iaoiaeeony a iooe ia ?aaioo eee n ?aaiou, iaaeaeaei io eaa?oe?u
eeai ioena. Eiuie neiaaie, aeey caoaaoa ecae?atho iau/ii oaeia
ianoi, aaea iaaiciiaeii eciaieoue ia?o?oo aeaeaeaiey, aeaaea anee
oaeaaony iaiyoue a?aiy i?eacaea e iouacaea.

Noaey ii ?anneacai auaoeo aea?oa e o/anoieeia, oeiiaay ae-
oeey ii caoaaoo inouanoaeyaony neaaeothuei ia?acii. Iaeei ec i?a-
nooiieeia aeieeaaeuaaao ii ?aaeei eee oaeaoiio i oii, /oi iauaeo
iieeioe ianoi ?aaiou (eee eaa?oe?o), ae?oaie i?anooiiee niia-
uaao, /oi aaoiiaoeia iauaeoa i?eaeeaeaaony e iaia/aiiiio ioi-
eoo. Caeanue oeeoeo aeiee?otho niaoeeaeueii iiaeno?iaiiui aaoiii-
aeeueiui eioeeaeaioii eee ia?ae?uaatho
aaoioo?aiiii (a?ociaeeii).

Nai caoaao i?iecaiaeeony a oio iiiaio, eiaaea aaoiiaoeia
iauaeoa inoaiaaeeaaaony o eneonnoaaiii nicaeaiiiai i?aiyonoaey.
Caeanue anooiaao a aeaei a?oiia caoaaoa, eioi?ay iiaeao ne?uaaoueny
a aaoiiiaeea, aaeouai ca iaoeiie iauaeoa, ianee?iaaoueny n?aaee
iaoaoiaeia eee aea iaoiaeeoueny a aaoioo?aiia, aeiee?iaaaoai oee-
oeo. Ia ioe?uouo aei?iaao ca ai?iaeii i?anooiieee aunooiatho a
.,–e, ?iee nio?oaeieeia AAE, aei?iaeiuo ?aai/eo e o. ae. Anee eia-
1412JJ aony io?aia, aa ?anno?aeeaatho, iaeo?aeecotho yeaeo?ioi-

ea?aie, auaiaeyo ec no?iy aaciaui i?oaeeai, aeoaeieaie. Iacaae-
neii io oiai, ia eaeii aaoiiiaeea oaicyo aea?oao n ianoa niauoey
(aa nianoaaiiii eee ia iaoeia i?anooiieeia), /a?ac ianeieueei
eeeiiao?ia o?ainii?oiia n?aaenoai iaiytho ia ae?oaia.

Iioeuaiea ec aeiia – aieaa neiaeiay iia?aoeey, oae eae nay-
caia n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth i?iieeiiaaiey a eaa?oe?o. Aeey yoiai i?a-
nooiieee iau/ii ianee?othony iiae ?aaioieeia eiiioiaeueiuo,
auoiauo, ?aiiioiuo neoaea, nio?oaeieeia oaeaa?aoa, ieeeoeeiia-
?ia. Aua aieaa o?oaeiui n/eoaaony iioeuaiea ec aioo?aiieo ii-
iauaiee ioena, iniaaiii anee oai eiaaony io?aia, i?aaeoniio?a-
ia aeiee?iaea aeaa?ae, anoue neaiaeecaoeey.

Eae iieacuaaao i?aeoeea, caoaao /anoi i?iecaiaeeony oiaaea,
eiaaea iauaeo auoiaeeo ec iiaeuacaea aeiia (ioena), iai?aaeyynue e
naiaio aaoiiiaeeth, eeai iaiai?io, auoiaeeo ec aaoiiiaeey e ia-
i?aaeyaony e naaa aeiiie (a ioen).

I?e i?aaiecaoeee iia?aoeee ii caoaaoo, i?anooiieee noa?atho-
ny eniieueciaaoue a naieo eioa?anao onoie/eaua i?eau/ee iiaaaea-
iey iauaeoa iioeuaiey. Iai?eia?, iaeei ec iaoa?ao?aneeo aec-
ianiaiia, iioeuaiiue n oeaeueth aueoia, a iaaaeaiiia a?aiy aian-
oa ni naiae nae?aoa?oae (auaoae, enoaoe neacaoue, aai ethaiaieoeae)
iinauae iaeei e oio aea ?anoi?ai, ?aniieiaeaiiue iaiiaeaeaeo io
ioena. Aaeaiai eo e iioeoeee. Ae?oaie iauaeo eiae i?eau/eo ii-
aeieao caaea?aeeaaoueny ia ?aaioa aa/a?ii, a iioii iieeaeaoue caeaiea
/a?ac caianiie auoiae, aaaeouee a oeoee ia?aoeie. Yoei ainiieue-
ciaaeenue i?anooiieee, noiaaoea noaaoeoue aai e oaacoe oae, /oi
aaniethoii ieeoi ie/aai ia caiaoee. Anoue neo/ae caoaaoa aecian-
iaiia, eiaaoeo i?eau/eo aaeaaeiaaii ?aii oo?ii aeaeaoue oecca-
?yaeeo ia nii?oeaiie ieiuaaeea ninaaeiae oeieu. Oai eo e a?aee,
i?yii a nii?oeaiii einothia e e?inniaeao.

Iiieii i?eau/ae naieo aea?oa, i?anooiieee noa?athony oae-
aea eniieueciaaoue ethaua ianoiyoaeuenoaa, iiiiaathuea ei auea?aoue
a?aiy e iooyiooue iiiaio iaia?oaeaiey oaeoa iioeuaiey. Iai?e-
ia?, a Iineaa aue neo/ae, eiaaea aeaia aecianiaia ooea ec aeiia
aianoa n aei/eie ii iaaaceiai, a nai ii i?aaeoi?aaeee aa, /oi iinea
?aaiou iaia?ai iinaoeoue nii?oeaiue cae. Iaaeaeo oai eo oaeaoii
i?ineooeaaeny. A eoiaa a nii?oeaiii eeoaa ieeoi ia ia?aoee aie-
iaiea ia aai ionoonoaea, a aeiia oaaoeeenue oieueei /a?ac o?e /ana.
Yoiai a?aiaie i?anooiieeai auei aeinoaoi/ii, /oiau iaaeaaeii
ni?yoaoue naith aea?oao.

A aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa ouaoaeueii nieaie?iaaiiua, oi?ioi
iiaeaioiaeaiiua iia?aoeee ii iioeuaieth ethaeae iinyo auno?ioa/-
iue oa?aeoa?. Oae, eoaeueyineea oa??i?enou ec
ianeieueei ianyoeaa aioiaeee iioeuaiea i?aiuea?-ieieno?a Aeue-
aei Ii?i, a ia naio iia?aoeeth ei iiiaaeiaeeanue anaai eeoue iaeia
ieiooa.

Aeaaioth ?ieue a iaeo?aeecaoeee iiiuoie caoaaoa aecianiaia
i?ecaaia ea?aoue ee/iay io?aia. Eiaaony a aeaeo aa ?aaioa ii ca?a-
iaa io?aaioaiiui oeiiaui noaiai, aeeth/athuei a?aiioiia i?e-
e?uoea eeeaioa, iinoiyiioth aioiaiinoue e iaiaeeaeaiiiio iaiaaea-
ieth (a oii /enea n i?eiaiaieai iaiano?aeueiiai i?oaeey), eniieue-
ciaaiea aeiiieieoaeueiuo n?aaenoa caueou (naaoicaoeiauo ^–^s
a?aiao, niaae, neaiaeecaoeee e ae?.). N[413])

A iiiaio caoaaoa i?anooiieee aeaenoaotho aanoea?aiiiii, aeaaea
aeanoiei. Ia?aaeei aea?oao eeoatho niciaiey oaea?ii ii aieiaa eeai
aaiaeyo iauaeoo neeueiiaeaenoaothuea iaaeeoeeineea i?aia?aou. Aea-
eaaony yoi aeey oiai, /oiau iauaeo ia nii?ioeaeyeny, ia iuoaeny
oaaaeaoue, ia i?eaeaeae aieiaiea iinoi?iiieo ethaeae e ia iia ii-
iyoue, eoaea aai aacoo. Aeey oao ethaeae, eioi?ua ieioi aeaaeatho naie-
ie yiioeeyie, ia?eioeee a aeaiiii neo/aa iiaoo ieacaoueny iieac-
iuie, oae eae iie nieaeatho noaiaiue ineoe/aneiai iio?ynaiey, on-
iieaeaatho ia?aioth nenoaio, iia?oaeatho a nii.

Iaeiaei ai?acaei /aua aea?oao i?inoi eeoatho aiciiaeiinoe aeae-
aaoueny, eniieuecoy aeey yoiai aa?aaeo eee ia?o/ieee. E?iia oiai>
aeaca nei?aa anaai caeaiyo eaeeiieanou?ai, ?io oiaea. Naia o?ain-
ii?oe?iaea n ianoa caoaaoa a?yae ee aoaeao eiioi?oiie: iau/ii
iauaeo eaaeeo ia iieo naeiia aaoiiiaeey iiae iiaaie iioeoeoa-
eae eeai iaoiaeeony a aaaaaeieea. Iiaeao ii i/ooeoueny a iaoea,
yueea, ai/ea, aeaaea a aieueoii /aiiaeaia. Iaeioi?uo ethaeae a ii-
aeiaiii iieiaeaiee ioaaouaaao i?enooi eeaono?ioiaee (aiyciue
caieiooiai i?ino?ainoaa), nii?iaiaeaeathueeny iai?eyoiuie oe-
ceieiae/aneeie iuouaieyie. Iaiaoiaeeii noieei ia?aianoe ana
iaoaeianoaa, iaiyooy, /oi neooaoeey yoa a?aiaiiay, iaeneioi ia
ianeieueei /ania.

?aaeueiay, a iiaeaaeythuai aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa aaeeinoaaiiay
aiciiaeiinoue au?aaoueny ec ?oe i?anooiieeia auaaao a ia/aeueiie
noaaeee caoaaoa, a iiiaio iaiaaeaiey. Iaiaeeaeaiiua aeey i?anooi-
ieeia e ?aoeoaeueiua aeaenoaey iauaeoa iaiaaeaiey (iniaaiii a ni-
/aoaiee n aiaeiae/iuie aeaenoaeyie io?aiu) niiniaiu i?eaanoe
e nianaieth. A ?innee e ca ?oaaaeii ioia/ai ?yae neo/aaa, eiaaea
iauaeou iaiaaeaiey naeaaee iaoeiie ianeieueeeo i?anooiieeia,
ioe?uaaee iaiiue ec ee/iiai i?oaeey, i?i?uaaeenue neaicue ioe?u-
oue ii iei iaiiue e inoaaaeenue a aeeauo. Ii anee aaconiaoiinoue
iiiuoie inaiaiaeeoueny i/aaeaeia, eo/oa ia i?eaaaaoue e e?aeiei
ia?ai, a aeaenoaiaaoue niia?acii neeaaeuaathueiny ianoiyoaeue-
noaai.

N iiiaioa caoaaoa iaiaoiaeeii eiio?iee?iaaoue naie aeaenoaey
e oeene?iaaoue ana, /oi iiaeao niinianoaiaaoue inaiaiaeaeaieth.
Iaaei iinoa?aoueny caiiiieoue ana aeaoaee o?ainii?oe?iaee n ian-
oa caoaaoa: a?aiy e nei?inoue aeaeaeaiey, iiaeuaiu e nionee, e?o-
oua iiai?iou, inoaiiaee o naaoioi?ia, aeaeaciiaei?iaeiua ia?a-
acaeu, oa?aeoa?iua caoee. Ii aiciiaeiinoe ana yoe naaaeaiey iaaei
iinoa?aoueny ia?aaeaoue oai, eoi aaaeao ia?aaiai?u n i?anooiieea-
ie – iaiaeii eee caieneie. Iiiyoii, /oi oaeiai neo/ay iiaeao
ia i?aaenoaaeoueny, ii a ethaii neo/aa iiiieoa, /oi aeaaea naiay
iacia/eoaeueiay eioi?iaoeey i iiaeao
ieacaoueny iieaciie aeey aai inaiaiaeaeaiey, iieiee e eciaee/a-
iey i?anooiieeia. Iaaei caiiieiaoue ana oaeaeaiiia e oneuoai-
iia ca a?aiy i?aauaaiey a caeeth/aiee – ?aniieiaeaiea ieii,
aeaa?ae, eanoieoe, oeaao iaiaa, niaoeeoe/aneea caiaoe, ia aiai?y
oaea i aieinao, aiaoiinoe e iaia?ao naieo i?anooiieeia. Iaia-
oiaeeii oaeaea iaaethaeaoue ca eo iiaaaeaieai, aieiaoaeueii neooaoue
eo ?acaiai?u iaaeaeo niaie, caiiieiaoue ?ani?aaeaeaiea ?ieae. Ei-

‘,–>\ ?i/a, ninoaaeyoue a oia /aoeee ineoieiae/aneee ii?o?ao

[414JJ eaaeaeiai ec ieo.

Ecaanoiu neo/ae, eiaaea iioeuaiiui ethaeyi oaeaaaeinue inoaa-
eyoue a ianoao inoaiiaie oneiaiua ciaee, aua?anuaaoue ia?oaeo ca-
ienee, oai eee eiui niiniaii ioia/aoue ianoi naiaai caoi/aiey.
Iaeiaei aeaeaoue iiaeiaiua aaue neaaeoao i/aiue inoi?iaeii, oae eae a
neo/aa eo iaia?oaeaiey i?anooiieeaie iaecaaaeii iineaaeoao no-
?iaia iaeacaiea.

*aeiaae noaiiaeony aea?oaie n iiiaioa caoaaoa, e oioy yoi i?i-
enoiaeeo a ?aciuo oneiaeyo, aea?oaa anaaaea eniuouaaao neeueiia
ineoe/aneia iio?ynaiea (oie). Iii iaoneiaeaii aiacaiiui ?ac-
eei ia?aoiaeii io oacu niieienoaey e oaca no?anna. Ethaee ?aaae-
?otho ia oaeie ia?aoiae ii-?aciiio: iaeie ieacuaathony aoeaaeueii
ia?aeeciaaiiuie no?aoii, ae?oaea iuoathony aeaoue ioii?. Iiyoi-
io aeeciaiii aaaeii auno?i ni?aaeoueny ni naieie yiioeeyie, /oi-
au aanoe naay ?aoeeiiaeueii, oaaee/eaay oain naiaai nianaiey.

I?anooiieee n caeiaeieeii oae, /oiau iaene-
iaeueii iieii eniieueciaaoue aai a naieo eioa?anao. Eoae, iie any-
/anee aeaiiino?e?otho naia i?aainoiaenoai eee aeanoue iaae aea?oaie,
aeaaea anee oa ia nii?ioeaeyaony. Iie no?aiyony iiaeaaeoue aieth
naiaai ieaiieea e caioaaoue aai. Iiyoiio caeiaeiee aeieaeai ii?a-
aeaeeoue aeey naay iiceoeeth ai acaeiiioiioaieyo n i?anooiieeaie.
Eae naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i?aeoeea, aacaieueiia iiaaaeaiea, iieueau i
iiuaaea, naa?oonooi/eainoue ?aaeueiie iieuecu i?eianoe ia iiaoo.
I?anooiieee a ethaii neo/aa aeaenoaotho enoiaey ec naieo ieaiia e
neeaaeuaathueony ianoiyoaeuenoa.

Iiyoiio aiaoiyy aioiaiinoue e eiioaeoo n i?anooiieeaie a
ianoaeaeaieth eioa?anothueo eo aii?inia aeieaeia ni/aoaoueny n aeaa-
iui i?aaeeii: iiiiaaoue ia i?anooiieeai, a naaa. Aaaeue iieo/ai-
iay io caeiaeieea eioi?iaoeey a eiia/iii n/aoa eniieuecoaony ai
a?aae aio naiiio, aai aeeceei, nineoaeeaoeai, nio?oaeieeai i?aai-
io?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia. I?iaeoiaiii neaaeoao iiaeoiaeeoue e aii?i-
nai aaiaeeoia i aiciiaeiie ?aaeoeee naiaai ie?oaeaiey ia iioeua-
iea, i noiia aueoia, i aiciiaeiinoe oaeiaeaoai?aiey ae?oaeo o?a-
aiaaiee.

Naa?ocaaea/a caeanue a oii, /oiau naieie ioaaoaie iiii/ue eth-
aeyi, no?aiyueiny iaeoe e inaiaiaeeoue caeiaeieea, a ia iinoaaeoue
eo a cao?oaeieoaeueiia iieiaeaiea. A /anoiinoe, a?aoiaioe?iaai-
iia oaaaeaeaiea i?anooiieeia a ia?aaeueiinoe oao eee eiuo o?aai-
aaiee iiaeao niinianoaiaaoue ?ac?aoaieth eioeeaeaioa . A oi aea a?aiy i/aaeaeii, /oi iaeuecy aeaenoaiaaoue ii i?eioee-
io . ?aaeoeey aaiaeeoia ia i/aaeaeiinoue oaeoa
iainouanoaeiinoe eo caiunea, a ni/aoaiee n aicaoaeaeaiiui ine-
oe/aneei ninoiyieai, a eioi?ii iie, eae i?aaeei, iaoiaeyony,
iiaeao ieacaoueny ?ieiaie aeey caeiaeieea. E oiio aea i?anooiie-
ee ia?aaeei iaoiaeyony iiae aicaeaenoaeai ia?eioeeia, a ninoiyiee
aeeiaieueiiai iiueyiaiey.

Iaaei iuoaoueny niya/eoue a?aaeaeaaiinoue aaiaeeoia ii ioiioa-
ieth e naaa, eneaoue aiciiaeiinoe onoaiiaeaiey eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo
eiioaeoia n iaeioi?uie ec ieo. Yoi iaiaoiaeeii oioy au aeey oiai,
/oiau ecaaaeaoue oece/aneeo no?aaeaiee eee oeo/oeoue oneiaey ni-
aea?aeaiey. Ii aiaoiyy aioiaiinoue iaeoe iauee ycue n i?anooi-
ieeaie, o/anoea a ianoaeaeaiee aieiothueo eo i?iaeai ia ^–e
aeieaeiu i?ioeai?a/eoue oiiiyiooiio aeaaiiio i?eioeeio: IJ415JJ

iiiiaaoue naaa, a ia aaiaeeoai. E aua iaeia ae?aaiyy enoeia iiaeao a
?yaea neo/aaa i?eianoe iieueco caeiaeieeo: ?acaeaeyy – aeanoaoe!
Iiiuoaeoanue aianoe ?aneie a a?oiio i?anooiieeia, neeiieoa eiai-
eeai ec ieo ia naith noi?iio, iaauay aio ca yoi ana, /oi au iiaeaoa
?aaeueii iiiaauaoue!

Aeii?in. I?aeoe/anee anaaaea iioeuaiiuo ethaeae aeii?aoeaa-
tho. Aeii?in iiaeao eiaoue oa?aeoa? ii/oe ae?oaeaneie aanaaeu, a ii-
aeao nii?iaiaeaeaoueny caa?neeie iuoeaie.

Iiuoiua i?anooiieee iuoathony i?iecaanoe aia/aoeaiea ae?o-
aeaneiai ?aniieiaeaiey, /oi i?ieeaaao aaeuecai ia niyoaiioth aeooo
ieaiieea, aeaaeaeouaai ineoieiae/aneie iiaeaea?aeee oioy au ia
o?iaia yiioeee. E?iia oiai, aaaeouee aeii?in oa?iaeaao i?e yoii,
/oi a neo/aa iaonooi/eainoe aea?oau ii aoaeao auioaeaeai ia?aaeaoue
aeaei a ?oee naiaio iiiiuieeo, /aeiaaeo aeanoieiio e ooiiio.
Iiyoiio, aeaneaoue, eo/oa ia oie?aoueny c?y, a iieoe ia nio?oaeie-
/anoai. Noa?ue o?the, ii aeaenoaaiiue!

*oiau neiiaoue caeiaeieea ineoieiae/anee, eniieuecotho nea-
aeothuea ia?u aeaaeaiey:

– ia?aie/eaatho iiaeaeaeiinoue, c?aiea, neoo (aea?aeao naycai-
iui eeai a ia?o/ieeao, ia oeaie, n caaycaiiuie aeacaie, n caei-
iiia/aiiuie ooaie e o. ae.);

– ieioi ei?iyo, io/atho aieiaeii e aeaaeaeie; eeoatho neaa?ao;

– nicaeatho ieioea oneiaey i?aauaaiey (oaniioa, a?ycue, aiiue,
ooi, ianaeiiua, nu?inoue, oieiae, e?unu e o. ae.);

Aeey neaauo iaoo? oaea anaai ia?a/eneaiiiai aieaa /ai aeinoa-
oi/ii, /oiau auiieieoue ethaua o?aaiaaiey iioeoeoaeae. Iaeiaei
a caiana o i?anooiieeia eiaaony aua oaeia n?aaenoai, eae iuoee.
Ca naith enoi?eth /aeiaa/anoai ?ac?aaioaei ia?iiiia eiee/anoai
iuoie. Iiiaea ec ieo yaeythony aanueia aeaenoaaiiuie. A oeaeii
iuoee iiaeii ?acaeaeeoue ia aeaa iniiaiua a?oiiu: oa, eioi?ua i?e-
/eiytho neeueioth aieue, e oa, aaea aeaaiui n?aaenoaii aicaeaenoaey
yaeyaony no?ao.

Ia?aoth a?oiio ninoaaeytho oaeea ia?u, eae ecaeaiea, ii?ea,
naeaaeeaaiea iieiauo i?aaiia e iaaeaoea ia aieaaua oi/ee, aue-
?o/eaaiea nonoaaia, naa?eaiea e au?uaaiea coaia, ii?acu e ?ac-
?uau eiaeiuo iie?iaia, aoueaiea eaieie, aicaeaenoaea eeiyoeii
e ?aneaeaiiuie i?aaeiaoaie, eniieueciaaiea ?ac?yaeia yeaeo?e/a-
neiai oiea e iiaeiaiua ei.

Aoi?ay a?oiia – yoi a iniiaiii o a?icu oaeooaiey, ooiieaiey,
na?ina n aieueoie auniou, iaianaiey iaacia?aaeeaathueo iia?aae-
aeaiee eeoea, oa?ica ecianeeiaaiey e oae aeaeaa. Eae yoi ie no?ai-
ii ia ia?aue acaeyae, iuoee ia?aie a?oiiu auaea?aeaoue eaa/a, /ai
aoi?ie. Aeaei a oii, /oi nouanoaoao oae iacuaaaiue . Noieo aai i?aacieoe, e i?aaieci ioeacu-
aaaony aini?eieiaoue aieue. E?iia oiai, ecaanoai ineoieiae/aneee
i?eai: anee /aeiaae oi/ao auoa?iaoue oece/aneia no?aaeaiea, ii
?anneaaeyaony e oaaaeaeaao naay , oi anoue eae au
i?aa?auaaony a iacioenoa, eca?auaioea, eniuouaathuaai ianeaae-
aeaiea io iuouaiey aiee.

*oi eanaaony ia? ineoieiae/aneiai ono?aoaiey, oi ia?aiana-
^–>\ iea eo o?aaoao ionoonoaey aioo?aiiaai a aeaiiii ianoa
[[416 E a aeaiiue iiiaio a?aiaie. A aeiaeaaoueny oaeiai ninoiyiey

iaei eoi oiaao – ioaeia niaoeeoe/aneay o?aie?iaea. Iiyoiio,
eiaaea /aeiaaeo iaaeaaatho ia aieiao ieanoeeiaue iaeao eee ieo-

iatho n aieiaie a aaiio, ii ia/eiaao caaeuoaoueny e aiaaeaao a ninoi-
yiea oaeana. AEaiueio eaaei caioaaoue oa?icie a?oiiiaiai ecia-
neeiaaiey eeai aeaiiino?aoeeae iiiuoie eco?iaeiaaoue aa eeoei.
Aanueia yooaeoeaiue niinia oio, eia-
aea i?e iaeiii /aeiaaea iiaeaa?aatho iuoeai ae?oaiai. Iniaaiii anee
yoi aeeceea ethaee.

Ei?i/a aiai?y, oae eee eia/a, ii iioeoeoaee canoaayo aan ai-
ai?eoue. Iiyoiio aai iaaei ii?aaeaeeoue: a) ianeieueei aaaeia aeey aan
ne?uaaaiay eioi?iaoeey; a) ianeieueei aeaeaei iiaoo caeoe i?a-
nooiieee a naieo caa?noaao (/ai auoa oa?ica e /ai ieaea aaae-
iinoue
, oai iaiueoa niunea oa?iaoue no?aaeaiey); a) /oi aai iaaei
ne?uoue io aaiaeeoia a ethaii neo/aa. Iiiieoa: ycue aeai /aeiaaeo
aeey oiai, /oiau ne?uaaoue naie iunee. Iiyoiio ?oeiaiaenoaoeoanue
neaaeothueie i?aaeeaie.

– Ia?aae eaaeaeui ioaaoii ia i/a?aaeiie aii?in aeaeaeoa iaoco
iiaeeeiiaa, /oiau iiiyoue, eoaea eeiieo i?anooiiee, a oaeaea aeey
oiai, /oiau ii ia iia oynieoue aaoe neaaua ianoa. Iaocu iauyn-
iyeoa oai, /oi au aniiieiaaoa iiae?iaiinoe, aeoiaaoa, eae eo/oa
neacaoue.

– Aiai?eoa, iaeneiaeueii eniieuecoy i?ioanneiiaeueiua oa?-
ieiu e ethaie ecaanoiue aai niaoeeoe/aneee aea?aii, /oiau aan
iaiueoa iiieiaee.

– Noa?aeoanue au?aaeaoueny iaynii, aeaoniuneaiii, iiiaicia/ii.

– Iiaieueoa inoaiaaeeaaeoanue ia ianouanoaaiiuo aeaoaeyo,
ia ?aciuo iaei/ao, ia eiathueo i?yiiai ioiioaiey e nooe ca-
aeaiiiai aii?ina.

– I?e eaaeaeii iaei-iaeuenee oaeiaiii neo/aa iiaoi?yeoa, /oi
au ia ?aniieaaaaoa ioaeiie eioi?iaoeeae, oae eae yoi ia aoiaeeei
a noa?o aaoeo iaycaiiinoae, eioa?ania, eiiiaoaioeee.

– I?eoai?yeoanue, /oi ec-ca aiee, no?aoa, aieiaiey au ia nii-
niaiu nia?aoueny n iuneyie, eiae/ii ?annoaeaeaoue, iineaaeiaaoaeue-
ii eceaaaoue.

– A iaeioi?uo neo/ayo iiaeii aeaeaoue aeae, aoaeoi ia iiieiaa-
oa ia?auaiiuo e aai aii?inia ec-ca aeoeaioa i?anooiieea, eniieue-
ciaaiey ei aeaoiiai aea?aiia, iayniiai i?ieciioaiey e o. ae.

– Aiai?eoa iiiioiiii, aac yiioeee, aac aeanoeeoeyoeee, /oi-
au o?oaeiaa auei iiiyoue, aaea i?aaaea, a aaea eiaeue. Ecaaaaeoa niio-
?aoue a aeaca i?anooiieeai.

– Aoaeueoa aaaeeeau a naiae ?a/e, ia inei?aeyeoa aaiaeeoia, ia
aiai?eoa n ieie i oii, i /ai iie ia oioyo neuoaoue, ia nii?ueoa, ia
e?eoeeoeoa. I?iaiaeeoa naith eeieth ia aic?aaeaieyie, a eaaeo-
ueiny niaeaneai.

Nio?aiaiea ineoieiae/aneie onoie/eainoe i?e aeeeoaeueiii
i?aauaaiee a caoi/aiee – iaeii ec aaaeiaeoeo oneiaee nianaiey
caeiaeieea. Caeanue oi?ioe ethaua i?eaiu e iaoiaeu, ioaeaeathuea
io iai?eyoiuo iuouaiee e ia?aaeeaaiee, iicaieythuea nio?a-
ieoue yniinoue iuneae, aaeaeaaoioth ioeaieo neooaoeee. Iieacii on-
aieoue neaaeothuea i?aaeea.

– Noa?aeoanue, ianeieueei yoi aiciiaeii, niaethaeaoue o?n- o.–e
aiaaiey ee/iie aeaeaiu. ([417JJ

14 Cae. ? 821

– Aeaeaeoa aeinooiiua a aeaiiuo oneiaeyo oece/aneea oi?aae-
iaiey. Eae ieieioi, iai?yaaeoa e ?anneaaeyeoa iii/a?aaeii ana
iuooeu oaea, anee iaeuecy auiieiyoue iau/iue aeiianoe/aneee
eiiieaen. Iiaeiaiua oi?aaeiaiey aeaeaoaeueii iiaoi?youe ia iaiaa
o?ao ?ac a aeaiue.

– I/aiue iieacii ai anao ioiioaieyo i?aeoeeiaaoue aooio?a-
ieia e iaaeeoaoeeth. Iiaeiaiua iaoiaeu iiiiaatho aea?aeaoue naith ine-
oeeo iiae eiio?ieai.

– Aniiieiaeoa i?i naay i?i/eoaiiua eieae, noeoe, ianie,
iineaaeiaaoaeueii iaaeoiuaaeoa ?acee/iua ioaea/aiiua i?iaeaiu
(?aoaeoa iaoaiaoe/aneea caaea/e, aniiieiaeoa eiino?aiiua nei-
aa e o. ae.). Aao oi aeieaeai ?aaioaoue. Aa?othuea iiaoo eneaoue ooa-
oaiea a iieeoaao.

– Anee anoue oaeay aiciiaeiinoue, /eoaeoa ana, /oi ieaaeaony iiae
?oeie, aeaaea anee oaeno niaa?oaiii aai iaeioa?anai. Iiaeii oae-
aea ienaoue, ianiio?y ia oi /oi iaienaiiia aoaeao ioae?aoueny. Aa-
aeai nai i?ioeann, iiiiaathuee nio?aieoue ?annoaeie.

– Aaaeii neaaeeoue ca a?aiaiai, oai aieaa /oi iioeoeoaee iau/-
ii ioae?atho /anu, ioeacuaathony aiai?eoue, eaeie nae/an aeaiue e
/an, eciee?otho io aiaoiaai ie?a. Ieoeoa eaeaiaea?ue, ioia/aeoa
niaio aeiy e ii/e (ii aeoeaiinoe i?anooiieeia, ii caoeai, ii ?a-
aeeio ieoaiey e o. ae.).

– Noa?aeoanue ioiineoueny e i?ienoiaeyuaio n aaie eae au ni
noi?iiu, ia i?eieiay neo/eaoaany aeecei e na?aeoeo, aei eiioea ia-
aeaeoanue ia aeaaiiieo/iue enoiae. No?ao, aeai?anney e aiaoey – o?e
aaoeo aeaaiuo a?aaa, ana iie – aioo?e aan.

– Ia aua?anuaaeoa aaue, eioi?ua iiaoo aai i?eaiaeeoueny (ea-
ea?noaa, i/ee, ea?aiaeaoe, ieaoee e i?.), noa?aeoanue nicaeaoue oioy
au ieieiaeueiue caian ieoueaaie aiaeu e i?iaeiaieuenoaey ia oio
neo/ae, anee aan iaaeieai a?inyo iaeiiai eee ia?anoaioo ei?ieoue.

Aueoi. I?anooiieee io/aoeeai iiieiatho, /oi iaeaieueoae
iianiinoe iie iiaeaa?aathony a iiiaio iieo/aiey aeaiaaeiiai au-
eoia. Iiyoiio iie ?ac?aaaouaatho neiaeiua, iiiainooiai/aoua ne-
noaiu ia?aaea/e aeaiaa. Oeaeue i?eieiaaiuo ia? – eneeth/aiea ia-
iaaeaiey ec canaaeu, oeenaoeee oaeoa ia?aaea/e aeaiaa, onoaiiaea-
iey ee/iinoe i?anooiieeia. Aeey yoiai aaiaeeou iacia/atho a?aiy
e ianoi i?eauoey /aeiaaea n aeaiueaaie, oeacuaatho ia?o?oo. I?a-
nooiieee aaaeoo ne?uoia iaaethaeaiea ca yoei ianoii e eo?uea?ii n
aeaiueaaie.

Eo?uea?o iiaoo i?aaeeiaeeoue nanoue a ca?aiaa iiaeaioiaeaiiue aa-
oiiiaeeue e i?iaoaoue a iai n niiauieeaie aaiaeeoia, caoai aai au-
naaeeaatho a oaeiaiii aeey ieo ianoa. Iiaoo ioaanoe a iiiaieaa?-
oe?iue aeii e iieo/eoue aeaiueae aaea-ieaoaeue a iiaeuacaea, eiathuai
aoi?ie auoiae. Ana a?aiy eiioaeoa aaaeaony iaaethaeaiea ca ie?o-
aeathueie ianoaie n oeaeueth auyaeaiey neaaeee. Iineieueeo eie-
oeeaoeaa ca i?anooiieeaie, iie no?aiyony nicaeaoue oaeea oneiaey,
eioi?ua ia iicaieeee au nio?oaeieeai ieeeoeee (anee iie caaeae-
noaiaaiu) i?eaeeceoueny ia ?annoiyiea, n eioi?iai iiaeii onoaii-
aeoue ee/iinoue i?anooiieeia eeai caoaaoeoue eo. Ii oai aea i?e/e-
iai iie auae?atho a ea/anoaa eo?uea?ia ethaeae ec aeeaeaeoaai ie-
e, e, ?oaeaiey caeiaeieea, /ae iaeee ei oi?ioi ecaanoai ii
[UIBJj yoaio iiaeaioiaee iia?aoeee.

Iieo/aiea aueoia ia iaycaoaeueii aea/ao ca niaie inaiaiaeaea-
iea caeiaeieea. N iei iiaoo ?ani?aaeoueny aeey oiai, /oiau ecaa-
aeoueny io aiciiaeiiai naeaeaoaey. E?iia oiai, ii iiaeao inoaaaoue-
ny a ?oeao aaiaeeoia aei oao ii?, iiea iie ia ?aaeecotho iieo/aiiua
aeaiueae. Iau/ii aeaiueae ?aaeecotho iooai neoiee ae?aaioeaiiinoae,
?aciuo oiaa?ia, iaaeaeaeeiiai e aeaeaeeiiai eiouanoaa a ?aaei-
iao, oaeaeaiiuo io ianoa niaa?oaiey i?anooieaiey. Eiiaaea aeaiue-
ae no?aiyony auaacoe ca a?aieoeo (anee iie a NEA) eeai iieiaeeoue
a aaie ia eiy eeoe, nayce eioi?uo n i?anooiieeaie nio?aiythony
a oaeia.

Inaiaiaeaeaiea. A oii neo/aa, eiaaea i?anooiieee naie ioion-
eatho ia naiaiaeo caeiaeieea, iie ioaicyo aai a eaeia-oi aacethaeiia
ianoi e oai inoaaeytho iaeiiai. Ae?oaie aa?eaio – aai a?inatho a
caia?oii iiiauaiee, auoiae ec eioi?iai o?aaoao iaiaei a?aiaie
e nee. O?aoee aa?eaio – aunaaeeoue /aeiaaea ia iaeeaeaiiie oee-
oea (aaeaee io iinoia AAE, io nio?oaeieeia ieeeoeee) e oaoaoue. Iin-
ea yoiai iaoeio anei?a a?inatho eeai iaiytho ia iae iiia?.

Iiaeao neo/eoueny e oae, /oi inaiaiaeaeaoue aan aoaeao ieeeoeey.
A yoii neo/aa iaaei iuoaoueny oaaaeeoue i?anooiieeia, /oi eo/oa ana-
ai ei naeaoueny. Oiaaea iie iiaoo ?ann/eouaaoue ia aieaa iyaeee i?e-
aiai?. Anee iiaeiaiay iiiuoea ia oaeaeanue, iinoa?aeoanue ei aio-
oeoue, /oi eo noaeueaa iaoiaeeony a i?yiie caaeneiinoe io aaoae.
Anee iie iieaeoo ia oaeenoai, oi anyeea ia?aaiai?u aeanoae n ieie
oa?ytho niune. E oiaaea inoaaony oieueei ooo?i n i?eiaiaieai i?o-
aeey.

Eiaaea i?anooiieee e caeiaeieee auoiaeyo ia?oaeo ec oaaaee-
ua, ei anai i?eeacuaatho aea?aeaoue ?oee ca aieiaie. Ia neaaeoao
yoei aiciouaoueny, aeaeaoue ?aceea aeaeaeaiey. Iiea ia i?ieaeao i?i-
oeaaeo?a iiiciaiey, ia?u i?aaeinoi?iaeiinoe iaiaoiaeeiu.

Anee ia/aeny ooo?i eee aio-aio ia/iaony, iiiuoaeoanue i?e-
e?uoue naia oaei io ioeue. Eo/oa anaai ea/ue ia iie iiaeaeueoa io ieii
e aeaa?ae, eeoeii aiec, ia ia i?yiie eeiee io ieiiiuo e aeaa?iuo
i?iaiia. A iiiaio ooo?ia ia aa?eoa a ?oee i?oaeea i?anooiie-
eia. Eia/a aieoeu ooo?iiaie a?oiiu iiaoo i?eiyoue aan ca i?a-
nooiieea e auno?aeeoue ia ii?aaeaiea. Ei iaeiaaea ?acae?aoueny a
yoi a?aiy. I?anooiieee ai a?aiy ooo?ia ia?aaeei no?aiyony ni?y-
oaoueny n?aaee caeiaeieeia. Noa?aeoanue a ia?o naieo aiciiaeiinoae
ia iicaieyoue ei yoiai aeaeaoue, iaiaaeeaiii niiauaeoa i ieo ai?-
aaaoeiny aieoeai.

E iineaaeiaa. A oao neo/ayo, eiaaea ianoi niaea?aeaiey caeiae-
ieea e iaoiaeaeaiea i?anooiieeia onoaiiaeaii, niaoeneoaeau no?a-
iyony eniieueciaaoue eiathueany o ieo oaoie/aneea n?aaenoaa aeey
iiaeneooeaaiey ?acaiai?ia, aaaeoueony a iiiauaiee. Iiiieoa ia
yoii e a ?acaiai?a n aaiaeeoaie niiauaeoa eioi?iaoeeth, eioi?ay,
aoaeo/e ia?aoaa/aia, iiaeao auoue eniieueciaaia aeey iiaeaioiaee
ooo?ia. Iniaaiii aaaeiu naaaeaiey i y?eeo e a?ineeo i?eiaoao,
ii eioi?ui iiaeii ioee/eoue caeiaeieea io i?anooiieea, i aii?o-

aeaiee aaiaeeoia, ia eo eiee/anoaa, ?aniieiaeaiee aioo?e iiia-
uaiey, eo ii?aeueiii ninoiyiee e iaia?aieyo.

A oaia?ue i caueoa io oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa neaaeee.

Ethaay oe?ia, ethaia i?aaei?eyoea eiaao ?aciiia?ac- ^–.s
iua oaoie/aneea n?aaenoaa, i?aaeiacia/aiiua aeey i?eaia, [C^19Jj

ia?aaea/e, ia?aaioee e o?aiaiey eioi?iaoeee. Oece/aneea i?i-
oeannu, i?ienoiaeyuea a oaeeo ono?ienoaao i?e eo 41oieoeeiie?i-
aaiee, nicaeatho a ie?oaeathuai i?ino?ainoaa iiai/iua eceo/aiey,
eioi?ua iiaeii iaia?oaeeaaoue ia aeiaieueii cia/eoaeueiuo ?annoi-
yieyo (aei ianeieueeeo nioai iao?ia) e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, ia?aoaa-
ouaaoue.

Oece/aneea yaeaiey, eaaeauea a iniiaa eceo/aiee, eiatho
?acee/iue oa?aeoa?, oai ia iaiaa ooa/ea eioi?iaoeee ca n/ao ii-
ai/iuo eco/aiee i?ienoiaeeo ii naiaai ?iaea , ni-
noiyuae ec ia?aaeao/eea (enoi/ieea eceo/aiee), n?aaeu, a eioi-
?ie yoe eceo/aiey ?ani?ino?aiythony, e i?eaiieea. Oaeoth i?eiyoi iacuaaoue oaoie/aneei eaiaeii ooa/ee
eioi?iaoeee.

Oaoie/aneea eaiaeu ooa/ee eioi?iaoeee aeaeyony ia:

– ?aaeeieaiaeu (yeaeo?iiaaieoiua eceo/aiey ?aaeeiaeeaia-
ciia);

– yeaeo?e/aneea (iai?yaeaiey e oiee a ?acee/iuo oieii?i-
aiaeyueo eiiioieeaoeeyo);

– aeonoe/aneea (?ani?ino?aiaiea caoeiauo eieaaaiee a eth-
aii caoeii?iaiaeyuai iaoa?eaea);

– iioe/aneea (yeaeo?iiaaieoiua eceo/aiey a aeaeeiie, ei-
o?ae?aniie e oeueo?aoeieaoiaie /anoyo niaeo?a).

Enoi/ieeaie eceo/aiee a oaoie/aneeo eaiaeao yaeythony
?aciiia?aciua oaoie/aneea n?aaenoaa, iniaaiii oa, a eioi?uo oee?-
eoee?oao eiioeaeaioeeaeueiay eioi?iaoeey. E eo /eneo ioiinyony:

– naoe yeaeo?iieoaiey e eeiee cacaieaiey;

– aaoiiaoe/aneea naoe oaeaoiiiie nayce;

– nenoaiu oaeneieeueiie, oaeaeiaeiaie e oaeaa?aoiie nayce;

– n?aaenoaa a?iieiaiai?yuae nayce;

– n?aaenoaa caoei- e aeaeaicaiene;

– nenoaiu caoeioneeaiey ?a/e;

– yeaeo?iiii-au/eneeoaeueiay oaoieea;

– yeaeo?iiiua n?aaenoaa i?aoaoieee.
E?iia oiai, enoi/ieeii eceo/aiee a oaoie/aneeo eaiaeao
ooa/ee eioi?iaoeee iiaeao auoue aiein /aeiaaea. N?aaeie ?ani?in-
o?aiaiey aeonoe/aneeo eceo/aiee a yoii neo/aa yaeyaony aicaeoo,
a i?e cae?uouo ieiao e aeaa?yo – aicaeoo e ?acee/iua caoeii?i-
aiaeyuea eiiioieeaoeee. Anee aeey ia?aoaaoa eniieuecothony nia-
oeeaeueiua iee?ioiiu, oi ia?acoaony aeonoe/aneee eaiae ooa/ee
eioi?iaoeee.

Aaaeii ioiaoeoue, /oi oaoie/aneea n?aaenoaa ia oieueei naie ec-
eo/atho a i?ino?ainoai neaiaeu, niaea?aeauea ia?aaaouaaaioth eie
eioi?iaoeeth, ii e oeaaeeaatho ca n/ao iee?ioiiia eeai aioai-
iuo naienoa ae?oaea eceo/aiey (aeonoe/aneea, yeaeo?iiaaieoiua),
nouanoaothuea a iaiin?aaenoaaiiie aeecinoe io ieo. Oeiaea, iie
i?aia?aciauaatho i?eiyoua eceo/aiey a yeaeo?e/aneea neaiaeu
e aaneiio?ieueii ia?aaeatho eo ii naiei eeieyi nayce Ia cia/e-
oaeueiua ?annoiyiey. Yoi aua aieueoa iiauoaao iianiinoue ooa/ee
eioi?iaoeee. E /eneo oaoie/aneeo ono?ienoa, niiniaiuo ia?aci-
auaaoue yeaeo?e/aneea eaiaeu ooa/ee, ioiinyony oaeaoiiu (ini-
‘,–>\ aaiii eiiii/iua), aeao/eee io?aiiie e iiaea?iie neaia-
[420]| eecaoeee, eo eeiee, a oaeaea naoue yeaeo?ii?iaiaeee.

Aeey nicaeaiey nenoaiu caueou iauaeoa io ooa/ee eioi?ia-
oeee ii oaoie/aneei eaiaeai iaiaoiaeeii inouanoaeoue ?yae ia?ii-
?eyoee. I?aaeaea anaai iaaei i?iaiaeece?iaaoue niaoeeoe/aneea ini-
aaiiinoe ?aniieiaeaiey caeaiee, iiiauaiee a caeaieyo, oa??eoi-
?eth aie?oa ieo e iiaeaaaeaiiua eiiioieeaoeee. Caoai iaiaoiaeeii
auaeaeeoue oa iiiauaiey, aioo?e eioi?uo oee?eoee?oao eiioeaeai-
oeeaeueiay eioi?iaoeey, e o/anoue eniieuecoaiua a ieo oaoie/aneea
n?aaenoaa. Aeaeaa neaaeoao inouanoaeoue oaeea oaoie/aneea ia?ii?e-
yoey:

– i?iaa?eoue eniieuecoaioth oaoieeo ia niioaaonoaea aaee/e-
iu iiai/iuo eceo/aiee aeiionoeiui o?iaiyi;

– ye?aie?iaaoue iiiauaiey n oaoieeie eee yoo oaoieeo a ii-
iauaieyo ;

– ia?aiiioe?iaaoue ioaeaeueiua oeaie, eeiee, eaaaee;

– eniieueciaaoue niaoeeaeueiua ono?ienoaa e n?aaenoaa ianneaiie
e aeoeaiie caueou.

Aaaeii iiae/a?eiooue, /oi ia eaaeaeue iaoiae iieo/aiey eioi?-
iaoeee ii oaoie/aneei eaiaeai aa ooa/ee nouanoaoao iaoiae i?ioe-
aiaeaenoaey, /anoi ia iaeei, eioi?ue iiaeao naanoe oa?ico e ieie-
ioio. I?e yoii oniao caaeneo io aeaoo oaeoi?ia – io aaoae eiiia-
oaioiinoe a aii?inao caueou eioi?iaoeee (eeai io eiiiaoaioiinoe
oao eeoe, eioi?ui yoi aeaei ii?o/aii) e io iaee/ey iai?oaeiaaiey,
iaiaoiaeeiiai aeey caueoiuo ia?ii?eyoee. Ia?aue oaeoi? aaaeiaa
aoi?iai, oae eae naiay niaa?oaiiay aiia?aoo?a inoaiaony ia?oaui
a?ocii a ?oeao aeeeaoaioa.

A eaeeo neo/ayo oeaeaniia?acii i?iaiaeeoue ia?u caueou io oao-
ie/aneiai i?iieeiiaaiey? I?aaeaea anaai oaeoth ?aaioo iaiaoiaee-
ii inouanoaeyoue i?aaaioeaii, ia iaeeaeay, iiea . ?ieue
iiaoaeeoaeueiiai iioeaa iiaoo nua?aoue naaaeaiey ia ooa/ea eioi?-
iaoeee, ianoaeaeaaoaeny a eiie?aoiii iiiauaiee oceie a?oiiie
eeoe eee ia?aaaouaaaoaeny ia eiie?aoiuo oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoaao.
Oie/eii e aeaenoaeth iiaoo noaoue neaaeu, naeaeaoaeuenoaothuea i i?i-
ieeiiaaiee a iiiauaiey aaoae oe?iu iinoi?iiieo eeoe, eeai ea-
eea-oi no?aiiua yaeaiey, naycaiiua n eniieuecoaiie oaoieeie (ia-
i?eia?, iiaeic?eoaeueiue ooi a oaeaoiia).

Inouanoaeyy eiiieaen caueoiuo ia?, ia no?aieoanue iaan-
ia/eoue caueoo anaai caeaiey. Aeaaiia – ia?aie/eoue aeinooi a oa
ianoa e e oie oaoieea, aaea nin?aaeioi/aia eiioeaeaioeeaeueiay ei-
oi?iaoeey (ia caauaay, eiia/ii, i aiciiaeiinoyo e iaoiaeao aeen-
oaioeeiiiiai iieo/aiey aa). A /anoiinoe, eniieueciaaiea ea/a-
noaaiiuo caieia, n?aaenoa neaiaeecaoeee, oi?ioay caoeiecieyoeey
noai, aeaa?ae, iioieeia e iiea, caoeiaay caueoa aaioeeyoeeiiiuo
eaiaeia, ioaa?noee e o?oa, i?ioiaeyueo /a?ac yoe iiiauaiey,
aeaiiioaae eceeoiae i?iaiaeee, a oaeaea i?eiaiaiea niaoeeaeue-
iuo ono?ienoa (aaia?aoi?ia ooia, aiia?aoo?u CAN e ae?.) na?ue-
acii cao?oaeiyo eee naeaeatho aanniuneaiiuie iiiuoee aiaae?a-
iey niaoeoaoieee.

Eiaiii iiyoiio aeey ?ac?aaioee e ?aaeecaoeee ia?ii?eyoee
ii caueoa eioi?iaoeee io ooa/ee ii oaoie/aneei eaiaeai iaaei
i?eaeaoaoue eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo niaoeeaeenoia eeai aioiaeoue nia-
noaaiiua eaae?u ii niioaaonoaothuei i?ia?aiiai a niio- /,–e
aaonoaothueo o/aaiuo oeaio?ao. | [421 JJ

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s- ‘-‘ses” Ii4 iaa*EAEieIni tha5e?E*yA-1iEA g ^S

Aeey e?aoeinoe oneiaeiny, /oi aaa?aaeaoo?a ONIE iaicia/a-
ao Oaoie/aneee N?aaenoaa Ia?aaea/e Eioi?iaoeee.

Cacaieaiea ONIE. Iaeiei ec aaaeiaeoeo oneiaee caueou
ONIE yaeyaony i?aaeeueiia cacaieaiea yoeo ono?ienoa. Ia i?ae-
oeea /aua anaai i?eoiaeeony eiaoue aeaei n ?aaeeaeueiie nenoaiie ca-
caieaiey, eioi?ay eiaao iaiueoa iaueo o/anoeia aeey i?ioaeaiey
neaiaeueiuo e ieoathueo oieia a ia?aoiii iai?aaeaiee (io ONIE
e iinoi?iiiei iaaethaeaoaeyi).

Neaaeoao eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi oeia cacaieaiey e cacaieythuaai
eiioo?a ia aeieaeia eiaoue iaoaeue, a auiieiyoueny a aeaea aaoayua-
ainy aea?aaa, aaea nii?ioeaeaiea eiioo?a ia i?aauoaao iaeei Ii.
Aeaiiia o?aaiaaiea oaeiaeaoai?yaony i?eiaiaieai a ea/anoaa ca-
caieeoaeae noa?aeiae ec iaoaeea, iaeaaeathueo aunieie yeaeo?i-
i?iaiaeiinoueth, iia?oaeaiiuo a caieth e niaaeeiaiiuo n iaoaeee-
/aneeie eiino?oeoeeyie ONIE. *aua anaai yoi aa?oeeaeueii aae-
oua a caieth noaeueiua o?oau aeeeiie a 2-3 iao?a e aeeaiao?ii

35-50 ii. O?oau oi?ioe oai, /oi iicaieytho aeinoeaaoue aeaaeiuo
neiaa caiee, iaeaaeathueo iaeaieueoae i?iaiaeeiinoueth e ia iiae-
aa?aeaiiuo aunuoaieth eeai i?iia?caieth. E?iia oiai, eniieue-
ciaaiea o?oa ia naycaii ni neieueei-ieaoaeue cia/eoaeueiuie cai-
eyiuie ?aaioaie.

Nii?ioeaeaiea cacaieaiey ii?aaeaeyaony aeaaiui ia?acii
nii?ioeaeaieai ?anoaeaiey oiea a caiea. Aai aaee/eio iiaeii
cia/eoaeueii nieceoue ca n/ao oiaiueoaiey ia?aoiaeiiai nii?ioea-
eaiey (iaaeaeo cacaieeoaeai e ii/aie) iooai ouaoaeueiie i/eno-
ee iiaa?oiinoe o?oau io a?yce e ?aeaa/eiu, iiaenuieie a eoieo
ii anae aa aunioa iiaa?aiiie niee e oo?aiaiaeie ii/au aie?oa
eaaeaeie o?oau. Cacaieeoaee (o?oau) neaaeoao niaaeeiyoue iaaeaeo
niaie oeiaie n iiiiuue naa?ee. Na/aiea oei e iaaeno?aeae ca-
caieaiey ?aaee aeinoeaeaiey iaoaie/aneie i?i/iinoe e iieo/a-
iey aeinoaoi/iie i?iaiaeeiinoe ?aeiiaiaeoaony a?aoue ia iaiaa
24o4 ii.

Iaaeno?aee cacaieaiey aia caeaiey iaaei i?ieeaaeuaaoue ia aeo-
aeia ieiei 1,5 iao?a, a aioo?e caeaiey – ii noaiai eee niaoeeaeue-
iui eaiaeai, /oiau iiaeii auei eo ?aaoey?ii iniao?eaaoue. Ni-
aaeeiytho iaaeno?aee n cacaieeoaeai oieueei n iiiiuueth naa?ee, a
e ONIE iaaeno?aeue iiaeeeth/atho aieoiaui niaaeeiaieai a iaeiie
oi/ea. A neo/aa iiaeeeth/aiey e iaaeno?aee cacaieaiey ianeieue-
eeo ONIE niaaeeiyoue eo n iaaeno?aeueth iaaei ia?aeeaeueii (i?e iin-
eaaeiaaoaeueiii niaaeeiaiee ioeeth/aiea iaeiiai ONIE iiaeao i?e-
aanoe e ioeeth/aieth anao inoaeueiuo). I?e ono?ienoaa cacaieaiey
ONIE iaeuecy i?eiaiyoue anoanoaaiiua cacaieeoaee: iaoaeee/a-
neea eiino?oeoeee caeaiee, eiathuea niaaeeiaiea n caieae, i?iei-
aeaiiua a caiea iaoaeee/aneea o?oau, iaoaeee/aneea iaiei/ee
iiaecaiiuo eaaaeae.

I?e ?an/aoa eiie?aoiuo cacaieythueo ono?ienoa iaiaoiaee-
ii eniieueciaaoue niaoeeaeueiua oi?ioeu e oaaeeoeu.

Naoaaua oeeueo?u. Aicieeiiaaiea iaaiaeie a naoyo ieoaiey
ONIE /aua anaai naycaii n oai, /oi iie iiaeeeth/aiu e iauei ee-
ieyi ieoaiey. Iiyoiio naoaaua oeeueo?u auiieiytho aeaa ooie-
oeee a oeaiyo ieoaiey ONIE: caueou aiia?aoo?u io aia-
oieo eiioeueniuo iiiao e caueou io iaaiaeie, nicaeaaaa-

iuo naiie aiia?aoo?ie. I?e yoii iaeiioaciay nenoaia ?ani?aaea-
eaiey yeaeo?iyia?aee aeieaeia inouanoaeyoueny o?ainoi?iaoi?ii
n cacaieaiiie n?aaeiae oi/eie, o?aooaciay – aunieiaieueoiui ii-
ieaeathuei o?ainoi?iaoi?ii.

I?e auai?a oeeueo?ia ioaeii o/eouaaoue: iiieiaeueiua cia/a-
iey oieia e iai?yaeaiee a oeaiyo ieoaiey, a oaeaea aeiionoeiua
cia/aiey iaaeaiey iai?yaeaiey ia oeeueo?a i?e iaeneiaeueiie ia-
a?ocea; aeiionoeiua cia/aiey ?aaeoeaiie ninoaaeythuae oiea ia
iniiaiie /anoioa iai?yaeaiey ieoaiey; iaiaoiaeeiia caoooaiea
oeeueo?a; iaoaie/aneea oa?aeoa?enoeee oeeueo?a (?acia?, ianna,
oei ei?iona, niinia onoaiiaee); noaiaiue ye?aie?iaaiey oeeueo?a
io iinoi?iiieo iieae,

Oeeueo?u a oeaiyo ieoaiey iiaoo eiaoue aanueia ?acee/iua eii-
no?oeoeee, eo ianna eieaaeaony a i?aaeaeao io 0,5 ea aei 90 ea, a
iauai-io 0,8 ni3 aei 1,6 i3.

Eiino?oeoeey oeeueo?a aeieaeia iaania/eaaoue nouanoaaiiia nie-
aeaiea aa?iyoiinoe aicieeiiaaiey aioo?e ei?iona iiai/iie nay-
ce iaaeaeo aoiaeii e auoiaeii ec-ca iaaieoiuo, yeaeo?e/aneeo eeai
yeaeo?iiaaieoiuo iieae.

Ye?aie?iaaiea iiiauaiee. Aeey iieiiai ono?aiaiey iaaiaeie
io ONIE a iiiauaieyo, eeiee eioi?uo auoiaeyo ca i?aaeaeu eii-
o?iee?oaiie ciiu, iaaei ia oieueei iiaeaaeoue eo a iooiaeyueo io
enoi/ieea i?iaiaeao, ii e ia?aie/eoue noa?o aeaenoaey yeaeo?iiaa-
ieoiiai iiey, nicaeaaaaiiai nenoaiie aai aioo?aiieo yeaeo?ii?i-
aiaeie. Yoa caaea/a ?aoaaony iooai ye?aie?iaaiey.

Oai?aoe/anee, n oi/ee c?aiey noieiinoe iaoa?eaea e i?inoi-
ou ecaioiaeaiey, i?aeiouanoaa ia noi?iia ye?aiia ec eenoiaie
noaee. Iaeiaei i?eiaiaiea naoee cia/eoaeueii oi?iuaao aii?i-
nu aaioeeyoeee e inaauaiey. *oiau ?aoeoue aii?in i iaoa?eaea
ye?aia, iaiaoiaeeii ciaoue, ai neieueei ?ac o?aaoaony ineaaeoue
o?iaie eceo/aiey ONIE. *aua anaai yoi io 10 aei 30 ?ac. Oaeoth
yooaeoeaiinoue iaania/eaaao ye?ai, ecaioiaeaiiue ec iaeeia?iie
iaaeiie naoee n y/aeeie 2,5 ii eeai ec oiieieenoiaie ioeeiei-
aaiiie noaee oieueiie 0,51 ii e aieaa.

Iaoaeee/aneea eenou (eee iieioieua naoee) aeieaeiu auoue
iaaeaeo niaie yeaeo?e/anee i?i/ii niaaeeiaiu ii anaio ia?eiao-
?o, /oi iaania/eaaaony yeaeo?inaa?eie eee iaeeie. Aeaa?e ii-
iauaiee oaeaea iaiaoiaeeii ye?aie?iaaoue, n iaania/aieai ia-
aeaaeiiai yeaeo?ieiioaeoa n aeaa?iie ?aiie ii anaio ia?eiao?o
ia ?aaea /ai /a?ac 10-15 ii. Aeey yoiai i?eiaiytho i?oaeeiioth
a?aaaieo ec oinoi?enoie a?iicu, oe?aieyy aa ii anaio aioo-
?aiiaio ia?eiao?o aeaa?iie ?aiu. I?e iaee/ee a iiiauaiee
ieii eo caoyaeaatho iaeiei eee aeaoiy neiyie iaaeiie naoee n
y/aeeie ia aieaa /ai 2o2 ii, i?e/ai ?annoiyiea iaaeaeo neiyie
naoee aeieaeii auoue ia iaiaa 50 ii. Iaa neiy aeieaeiu eiaoue oi-
?ioee yeaeo?ieiioaeo ni noaieaie iiiauaiey iin?aaenoaii ana
oie aea a?aaaiee ec oinoi?enoie a?iicu eeai iaeee (anee naoea
ianuaiiay).

?acia?u ye?aie?oaiiai iiiauaiey auae?atho, enoiaey ec aai
iacia/aiey, iaee/ey naiaiaeiie ieiuaaee e noieiinoe ?aaio. Iau/-
ii aeinoaoi/ii eiaoue iiiauaiea ieiuaaeueth 6-8 ea. iao?ia ^–,.
i?e aunioa 2,5-3 iao?a. |[423]

Caueoa oaeaoiiia e oaenia. Eae anyeia yeaeo?iiiia ono?ie-
noai, oaeaoii e oaen, a oaeaea eo eeiee nayce eceo/atho a ioe?u-
oia i?ino?ainoai aunieea o?iaie iiey a aeeaiaciia /anoio aieioue
aei 150 iAoe. *oiau iieiinoueth iiaeaaeoue ana aeaeu eceo/aiee io yoeo
ONIE, iaiaoiaeeii iooeeueo?iaaoue eceo/aiey a i?iaiaeao iee?i-
oaeaoiia, a i?iaiaeao, iooiaeyueo io aiia?aoa, a oaeaea iaania/eoue
aeinoaoi/ioth ye?aie?iaeo aioo?aiiae noaiu aiia?aoa. Oi e ae?o-
aia aiciiaeii eeoue iooai cia/eoaeueiie ia?a?aaioee eiino?oe-
oeee aiia?aoia e eciaiaiey eo yeaeo?e/aneeo ia?aiao?ia. Eiu-
ie neiaaie, o?aaoaony caueoeoue oeaiue iee?ioiia, oeaiue caiiea e
aeaooi?iaiaeioth eeieth oaeaoiiiie nayce. Iiiyoii, /oi inoua-
noaeoue oeacaiiua ia?ii?eyoey niiniaiu oieueei niaoeeaeenou n
eniieueciaaieai niioaaonoaothuaai iai?oaeiaaiey e noaiaea?oiuo
noai. Oi aea naiia ioiineony e e i?iaeaia caueou eeiee nayce,
auoiaeyueo ca i?aaeaeu iiiauaiee n aiia?aoaie.

Aiiaua aiai?y, yoi i/aiue na?ueaciay i?iaeaia, oae eae iiaeia-
iua eeiee i?aeoe/anee anaaaea aaneiio?ieueiu e e iei iiaeii iiae-
eeth/aoue naiua ?aciiia?aciua n?aaenoaa nuaia eioi?iaoeee. Ooo
aeaa iooe: ai-ia?auo, i?eiaiytho niaoeeaeueiua i?iaiaea (ye?aie-
?iaaiiue aeoeey?, o?eoeey?, eiaeneeueiue eaaaeue, ye?aie?iaai-
iue ieineee eaaaeue). Ai-aoi?uo, nenoaiaoe/anee i?iaa?ytho nia-
oeeaeueiie aiia?aoo?ie, anoue ee oaeo iiaeeeth/aiey n?aaenoa nuaia
eioi?iaoeee. Auyaeaiea iaaaaeaiiuo neaiaeia iau/ii i?iecai-
aeeony ia a?aieoea eiio?iee?oaiie ciiu eee ia eiiiooaoeeiiiuo
ono?ienoaao a e?innao eee ?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiuo oeaoao. Caoai
eeai ii?aaeaeytho eiie?aoiia ianoi iiaeeeth/aiey, eeai (anee oa-
eia ii?aaeaeaiea iaaiciiaeii) ono?aeaatho ooiiaoth caueoo.

Ii iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiue niinia caueou eioi?iaoeee, ia?a-
aeaaaaiie ii oaeaoiio eee oaeno, – yoi eniieueciaaiea CAN (ca-
nae?a/eaathuae aiia?aoo?u nayce). Ca ?oaaaeii aeaiiua ono?ie-
noaa iacuaatho ne?aiaea?u. Iaeei ec eo/oeo aiia?aoia oaeiai ?iaea
eiaao neaaeothuea aaaa?eou: 26,5 ni o 16 ni o 5 ni, ianna 1,3 ea.
Iio?aaeyaiay iiuiinoue ia aieaa 5 aaoo. A no?aiao NIA (?inney,
Oe?aeia) i?iecaiaeyo CAN ia o?iaia naiuo aunieeo iaaeaeoia?iae-
iuo o?aaiaaiee.

Caueoa io ano?iaiiuo e oceiiai?aaeaiiuo iee?ioiiia.
Iee?ioiiu, eae ecaanoii, i?aia?acotho caoe a yeaeo?e/aneee nea-
iae. A niaieoiiinoe ni niaoeeaeueiuie oneeeoaeyie e oeeueo?aie
iie iiaoo eniieueciaaoueny a ea/anoaa iiaeneooeaathueo ono?ienoa.
Aeey yoiai nicaeaaony ne?uoay i?iaiaeiay eeiey nayce, iaia?oaeeoue
eioi?oth iiaeii eeoue oece/aneei iieneii eeai (/oi neiaeiaa) io-
oai eiio?ieueiuo ecia?aiee neaiaeia ai anao i?iaiaeao, eiathueo-
ny a iiiauaiee. Iaoiaeu ?aaeeieiio?iey, yooaeoeaiua aeey iien-
ea ?aaeeicaeeaaeie, a yoii neo/aa aanniuneaiiu.

E?iia ia?aoaaoa caoeiauo eieaaaiee, niaoeeaeueiua iee?i-
oiiu-noaoineiiu i/aiue oi?ioi aini?eieiatho caoee, ?ani?ino?a-
iythueany ii no?ieoaeueiui eiino?oeoeeyi caeaiee. N eo iiiiuueth
inouanoaeytho iiaeneooeaaiea /a?ac noaiu, aeaa?e e ieia. Iaeiiaoe,
nouanoaoao ?yae iiaeeoeeaoeee oceiiai?aaeaiiuo iee?ioiiia,
aini?eieiathueo e oneeeaathueo caoee, eaeouea oieueei ec iaeii-
.,–>\ ai iai?aaeaiey, e ineaaeythueo i?e yoii ana inoaeueiua
[424 JJ caoee. Oaeea iee?ioiiu eiatho aeae aeeeiiie o?oaee, aa-

oa?ae o?oaie eee ia?aaiee/aneie oa?aeee n eiionii eiioeaio?a-
oi?a. Iie oeaaeeaatho caoee /aeiaa/aneiai aieina ia ?annoiyie-
yo aei iaeiiai eeeiiao?a!

Aeey caueou io oceiiai?aaeaiiuo iee?ioiiia iiaeii ?aei-
iaiaeiaaoue neaaeothuea ia?u:

-ana ia?aaiai?u i?iaiaeeoue a eiiiaoao, eciee?iaaiiuo io
ninaaeieo iiiauaiee, i?e cae?uouo aeaa?yo, ieiao e oi?oi/eao,
caaea?ioouo ieioiuo ooi?ao. Noaiu oaeaea aeieaeiu auoue eciee-
?iaaiiu io ninaaeieo caeaiee;

– iieu e iioieee aeieaeiu auoue eciee?iaaiu io iaaeaeaoaeue-
iiai ninaaenoaa a aeaea aaaioia n iee?ioiiaie e ae?oaie aiia?aoo-
?ie i?ineooeaaiey;

– ia aaaeeoa aaaeiuo ?acaiai?ia ia oeeoea, a neaa?ao e ae?oaeo
ioe?uouo i?ino?ainoaao, iacaaeneii io oiai, neaeeoa au eee i?i-
aoeeaaaoanue;

– a ?anoi?aia, ae?oaii cae?uoii iiiauaiee aia ioena a neo-
/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe iaiaia eiioeaeaioeeaeueiie eioi?iaoeeae ?ac-
ei (o. a. iaiaeeaeaiii aeey neaaeyueo ca aaie) niaieoa iiiauaiea
ia oi, eioi?ia iaoiaeeony iiae iaaeaaeiui eiio?ieai aaoae neoae-
au aaciianiinoe (iai?eia?, ioaeaeueiue eaaeiao, caeacaiiue ?a-
iaa /a?ac iaaeaaeiiai ia?oia?a eeai iiiiuieea);

– iiiieoa, /oi iiiuoee caaeooaoue ?acaiai? caoeaie aiaeu,
euethuaeny ec e?aia (eee ec oiioaia), iaeiyooaeoeaiu;

– anee aai iaycaoaeueii o?aaoaony /oi-oi niiaueoue eee oneu-
oaoue, a.aa?aioee io iiaeneooeaaiey iao, aiai?eoa ae?oa ae?oao oa-
iioii i?yii a ooi eee ieoeoa niiauaiey ia eenoeao, iaiaaeeai-
ii iinea i?i/oaiey naeeaaaiuo.

Caueoa io eaca?iuo iiaeneooeaathueo ono?ienoa. Eaca-
?u – yoi oaeea ono?ienoaa, a eioi?uo ia?aaea/a e iieo/aiea ei-
oi?iaoeee inouanoaeyaony a iioe/aneii aeeaiaciia. Oaeea ono-
?ienoaa iaeiaaaa?eoiu e yeiiiie/iu, oai aieaa /oi a ea/anoaa
i?eaiieea ia?aaeei eniieuecothony oioiiauaeoeau n aieueoei oi-
eoniui ?annoiyieai, iicaieythuei aanoe ia?aoaao neaiaeia n
aeaeueieo ?annoiyiee.

I?eioeei aeaenoaey eaca?iiai ono?ienoaa caeeth/aaony a iinue-
ea ciiaee?othuaai eo/a a iai?aaeaiee enoi/ieea caoea e i?eaia
yoiai eo/a iinea aai io?aaeaiey io eaeeo-eeai i?aaeiaoia. Yoeie
i?aaeiaoaie, aea?e?othueie iiae aeaenoaeai ie?oaeathueo caoeia
eae naiaia?aciua iaia?aiu, iiaoo auoue noaeea ieii, oeaoia, ca?-
eaea, iinoaea e o. i. Naieie eieaaaieyie iie iiaeoee?otho eaca?-
iue eo/, i?eiya eioi?ue /a?ac i?eaiiee iiaeii ainnoaiiaeoue
caoee ?a/e. ?ani?ino?aiaiiua iuia eaca?iua ono?ienoaa iicai-
eytho naiaiaeii iiaeneooeaaoue /aeiaa/aneoth ?a/ue neaicue cae?uoua
ieia n aeaieiuie ?aiaie ia ?annoiyieyo aei 250 iao?ia.

Iaeaieaa i?inoui e a oi aea a?aiy aanueia iaaeaaeiui niini-
aii caueou io eaca?iuo ono?ienoa yaeyaony nicaeaiea iiiao aeey
iiaeoee?iaaiey n iiiiuueth iueaciyeaiaioa. Iueaciyeaiaio eieaa-
eao noaeei n aieueoae aiieeooaeie, /ai aiein /aeiaaea, iiyoiio
aiieeooaea aea?aoeee noaeie eneeth/aao aaaeaiea i?ineooeaaiey.

Iiene ?aaeeicaeeaaeie. ?aaeeicaeeaaeee caieiatho aaaeouaa ia-
noi n?aaee n?aaenoa oaoie/aneiai oieiiaaea. Iie auaatho ,’,–e
?aciuo eiino?oeoeee, io naiuo i?inouo aei i/aiue neiaeiuo |[425J)

(eiathueo aeenoaioeeiiiia oi?aaeaiea, nenoaio iaeiieaiey nea-
iaeia, nenoaio ia?aaea/e neaiaeia a naeaoii aeaea ei?ioeeie na-
?eyie).

Aeey iiauoaiey ne?uoiinoe ?aaiou iiuiinoue ia?aaeao/eea ?a-
aeeicaeeaaeee aeaeaaony iaaieueoie, iaaeinoaoi/iie aeey ia?aoaaoa
auniei/oanoaeoaeueiui i?eaiieeii n iaaieueoiai ?annoiyiey. ?a-
ai/oth /anoioo aeey iiauoaiey ne?uoiinoe ia?aaeei auae?atho
aaeece ianouae /anoiou iiuiie ?aaeeinoaioeee. Iee?ioiiu aea-
eatho eae ano?iaiiuie, oae e auiiniuie. Iie auaatho aeaoo oe-
iia: aeonoe/aneeie (o. a. /oanoaeoaeueiuie e aieinai ethaeae) eee
aea?aoeeiiiuie (i?aia?acothueie a yeaeo?e/aneea neaiaeu ei-
eaaaiey, aicieeathuea io /aeiaa/aneie ?a/e a ?aciiia?aciuo
aeanoeeo eiino?oeoeeyo). ?aaeeicaeeaaeee /aua anaai ?aaioatho ia
aunieeo /anoioao (auoa 300 eAoe).

Iaeiaei anoue e oaeea ono?ienoaa, eioi?ua ?aaioatho a iecei/a-
. noioiii aeeaiaciia (50-300 eAoe). A ea/anoaa eaiaea nayce iie
iau/ii eniieuecotho naoe yeaeo?ii?iaiaeee eee oaeaoiiiua eeiee.
Oaeea ?aaeeicaeeaaeee i?aeoe/anee ia eceo/atho neaiaeu a ie?o-
aeathuaa i?ino?ainoai, o. a. iaeaaeatho iiauoaiiie ne?uoiinoueth.
Anee eo aiiioe?iaaoue a ianoieueioth eaiio, ?icaoeo, o?ieiee, eth-
aie yeaeo?ii?eai?, ?aaioathuee io naoe ia?aiaiiiai oiea, oi iie,
ieoaynue io naoe, aoaeoo aeieaia a?aiy ia?aaeaaaoue ii iae eioi?ia-
oeeth a ethaoth oi/eo caeaiey e aeaaea ca aai i?aaeaeu.

Aeey iaia?oaeaiey ?aaeeicaeeaaeie i?eiaiytho niaoeeaeueiua ec-
ia?eoaeueiua i?eaiieee, aaoiiaoe/anee neaie?othuea ii aeeaia-
ciio. N eo iiiiuueth inouanoaeyaony iiene e oeenaoeey ?aai/eo
/anoio ?aaeeicaeeaaeie, a oaeaea ii?aaeaeyaony eo ianoiiaoiaeaeaiea.
Aeaiiay i?ioeaaeo?a aeinoaoi/ii neiaeia, iia o?aaoao niioaaonoaoth-
ueo oai?aoe/aneeo ciaiee, i?aeoe/aneeo iaaueia ?aaiou n ?ac-
iiia?aciie, aanueia neiaeiie ecia?eoaeueiie aiia?aoo?ie.

Anee ?aaeeicaeeaaeee aueeth/aiu a iiiaio iienea e ia eceo-
/atho neaiaeu, ii eioi?ui eo iiaeii iaia?oaeeoue ?aaeeii?eaiiie
aiia?aoo?ie, oi aeey eo iienea (a oaeaea aeey iienea iee?ioiiia
iiaeneooeaathueo ono?ienoa e ieieiaaieoioiiia) i?eiaiytho
niaoeeaeueioth ?aioaaiianeoth aiia?aoo?o e iaeeiaeiua aeaoaeoi-
?u ni ano?iaiiuie aaia?aoi?aie iee?iaieiiauo eieaaaiee iec-
eiai o?iaiy. Oaeea eieaaaiey i?iieeatho neaicue noaiu, iioieee,
iie, iaaaeue, ii?ooaee, ooaa?ue a ethaia ianoi, aaea iiaeao auoue ni?y-
oaia ?aaeeicaeeaaeea, iee?ioii, iaaieoioii. Eiaaea iee?iaieii-
aue eo/ nii?eeanaaony n o?aicenoi?ii, aeeiaeii eee iee?inoaiie,
eo/ io?aaeaaony iacaae e ono?ienoao. Oaeei ia?acii, i?eioeei aeae-
noaey a aeaiiii neo/aa iioiae ia ieiieneaoaeue, ?aaae?othuee ia
i?enoonoaea iaoaeea.

A oao neo/ayo, eiaaea iao i?eai?ia aeey iienea ?aaeeicaeeaaeie
eeai iao a?aiaie ia iiene, iiaeii iieueciaaoueny aaia?aoi?aie ii-
iao aeey iiaeaaeaiey i?eaiieeia. Iie aeinoaoi/ii i?inou, i/aiue
iaaeaaeiu e iieiinoueth nieiatho eioi?iaoeeth n ?aaeeicaeeaaeie a
oe?ieii aeeaiaciia /anoio.

Caueoa ia?niiaeueiuo YAI. Anee ia?niiaeueiay YAI eniieue-
coaony oieueei iaeiei iieueciaaoaeai, oi aaaeii, ai-ia?auo, i?aaeoi-
/,–E ?aaeeoue ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiue aeinooi e eiiiuethoa?o ae?oaeo
[JL426JJ eeoe a oi a?aiy, eiaaea a iai iaoiaeeony caueuaaiay eioi?-

iaoeey, e, ai-aoi?uo, iaania/eoue caueoo aeaiiuo ia aiaoieo ii-
neoaeyo io oeuaiey. Anee aea ia?niiaeueiay YAI eniieuecoaony
a?oiiie eeoe, oi iiieii oeacaiiuo iiiaioia caueou iiaeao aic-
ieeiooue iaiaoiaeeiinoue i?aaeioa?aoeoue ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiue aei-
nooi yoeo iieueciaaoaeae e eioi?iaoeee ae?oa ae?oaa.

E?iia oiai, ai anao neo/ayo iaiaoiaeeii caueuaoue eioi?ia-
oeeth io ?ac?ooaiey a ?acoeueoaoa ioeaie i?ia?aii e iai?oaeiaa-
iey, ca?aaeaiey eiiiuethoa?iuie ae?onaie. Iaeiaei i?iaaaeaiea
no?aoiai/iuo ia?ii?eyoee iaycaoaeueii aeey anao aac eneeth/aiey
iieueciaaoaeae YAI e ia ioiineony iaiin?aaenoaaiii e i?iaeaia
caueou eioi?iaoeee io eiieo?aioia.

Aeey iaania/aiey aaciianiinoe eioi?iaoeee eniieuecothony nea-
aeothuea iaoiaeu:

– n?aaenoaa caueou au/eneeoaeueiuo ?ano?nia, eniieuecothuea
ia?ieueioth eaeaioeoeeaoeeth e ia?aie/eaathuea aeinooi ianaieoee-
iie?iaaiiiai iieueciaaoaey;

– i?eiaiaiea ?acee/iuo oeo?ia, ia caaenyueo io eiioae-
noa eioi?iaoeee.

Iaiiiiei, /oi a ia?niiaeueiie YAI a ea/anoaa au/eneeoaeue-
iuo ?ano?nia aunooiatho iia?aoeaiay iaiyoue, i?ioeanni?, ano?i-
aiiua iaeiieoaee ia aeanoeeo eee aeaeeo iaaieoiuo aeeneao, eea-
aeaoo?a, aeenieae, i?eioa?, ia?eoa?eeiua ono?ienoaa. Caueoa
iia?aoeaiie iaiyoe e i?ioeanni?a i?aaeoniao?eaaao eiio?ieue ca
iiyaeaieai a iia?aoeaiie iaiyoe oae iacuaaaiuo ?aceaeaioiuo
i?ia?aii, caueoo nenoaiiuo aeaiiuo, i/enoeo inoaoeia nae?ao-
iie eioi?iaoeee a iaeniieuecoaiuo iaeanoyo iaiyoe. Aeey yoiai
aeinoaoi/ii eiaoue a naiai ?anii?yaeaiee i?ia?aiio i?iniio?a iia-
?aoeaiie iaiyoe aeey eiio?iey ca ninoaaii ?aceaeaioiuo i?ia?aii
e eo ?aniieiaeaieai.

Ai?acaei aaaeiaa caueoa ano?iaiiuo iaeiieoaeae. Nouanoao-
tho ianeieueei oeiia i?ia?aiiiuo n?aaenoa, niiniaiuo ?aoaoue yoo
caaea/o:

– caueoa aeenea io caiene e /oaiey;

– eiio?ieue ca ia?auaieyie e aeeneo;

– n?aaenoaa oaeaeaiey inoaoeia nae?aoiie eioi?iaoeee.
Ii naiue iaaeaaeiue iaoiae caueou, aaconeiaii, oeo?iaaiea,
o. e. a yoii neo/aa io?aiyaony iaiin?aaenoaaiii naia eioi?iaoeey,
a ia aeinooi e iae (iai?eia?, caoeo?iaaiiue oaee iaeuecy i?i-
/anoue aeaaea a neo/aa e?aaee aeeneaou). Iaeiaei a ?yaea neo/aaa en-
iieueciaaiea oeo?iaaiey cao?oaeieoaeueii eeai iaaiciiaeii, ii-
yoiio iaiaoiaeeii eniieueciaaoue iaa iaoiaea a niaieoiiinoe. Aieue-
oeinoai n?aaenoa caueou ?aaeecothony a aeaea i?ia?aii eee
iaeaoia i?ia?aii, ?anoe?ythueo aiciiaeiinoe noaiaea?oiuo iia-
?aoeeiiiuo nenoai, a oaeaea nenoai oi?aaeaiey aacaie aeaiiuo.
A oaia?ue i nicaeaiee nianoaaiiie neoaeau aaciianiinoe.
?aeoeia ia?auaiee ioa/anoaaiiuo aecianiaiia ca iiiiuueth
a io?aiiua oe?iu auaeyaeeo neaaeothuei ia?acii (ii oauaathuae):

1. I?iaeaia aica?aoa n?aaenoa (ia iinooiaao ieaoa ca ioa?oaeai-
iue oiaa?, ia iinooiaao iiea/aiiue oiaa?, ia aica?auaaony a oea-
caiiue n?ie e?aaeeo).

2. I?iaeaia ee/iie aaciianiinoe aecianiaiia e /ea- ^–.
iia eo naiae a nayce n oa?icaie e auiiaaoaeuenoaii. |l^-J

3. Oeuaiea a?ocia ia o?ainii?oa.

4. E?aaee ee/iiai eiouanoaa a eaa?oe?ao, ioenao, eiooaaeaeao,
caai?iaeiuo no?iaieyo; ia?aaeaiey; oaiiu aaoiiiaeeae.

5. Iioeuaiea eiiia?/aneie eioi?iaoeee (e?aaea aeieoiaioia,
eo eiie?iaaiea, nuai eioi?iaoeee n eiiiuethoa?ia e oaenia, i?i-
neooeaaiea e caienue oaeaoiiiuo niiauaiee, ?acaiai?ia a iiia-
uaieyo, iiaeeoi nio?oaeieeia).

6. E?aaee e ia?aaeaiey a iaaaceiao, neeaaeneeo e i?iecaiae-
noaaiiuo iiiauaieyo.

7. Ii?/a eiouanoaa e oiaa?ia. Iiaeaeiae.

Iiiaea ec ia?a/eneaiiuo i?anooieaiee iiaeii auei au i?a-
aeioa?aoeoue, anee au naiaa?aiaiii auee i?eiyou ia?u i?aaaioea-
iiai oa?aeoa?a. Ii/aio aea iie ia auee inouanoaeaiu?

1. Nea?aaeiinoue, Neeoeii /anoi aecianiaiu (e oe?iu a oea-
eii) yeaiaioa?ii aeaeatho auaeaeeoue n?aaenoaa ia io?aio e io?ai-
iua ia?ii?eyoey. Iie iaaeathony ia , ia /oaei, ia neo/ae,
ia /oi oaiaeii, oieueei ia ia oi, /oi iaaei. Iioii, eiaaea i?eoiaeeony
o?aoeoueny ia ?aiiio, ia iiene i?iiaaoaai, ia auieaoo aeaie ?y-
eaoe?ai, ia a?a/ae, ia aiciauaiea oauoeia, ianooiaao i?ic?a-
iea. Ii yoi iioii, eiaaea i?iaoaeaeaaony . Io-
nthaea ni?aaaaeeeainoue auneacuaaiey, niaeanii eioi?iio .

2. Iaaaaeanoai. Aecianiaiu ia iiieiatho nooe eiiieaeniuo
io?aiiuo ia?ii?eyoee e oiai oaeoa, /oi iaania/eoue ?ac?aaioeo
e inouanoaeaiea oaeiai eiiieaena niiniaiu eeoue i?ioanneiia-
eu. Eo oua?aiay eiaeea oaeiaa: . Eiuie neiaaie, aoi?ay i?e/eia – iin-
ea aeaaeiinoe-yoi iaaaaeanoai;

3. Iaoeeaeeeciaaiiia ou, o. a. ionoonoaea iiuoa eiiia?/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe ii i?aaeeai ?uiea, a ia eieoiciiai aaca?a. Ionthaea
auoaeaao iianaiea ia?auaoueny e niaoeeaeenoai ca eiinoeueoaoeey-
ie ii oai aii?inai, a eioi?uo aecianiai iaeiiiaoaioai, iaoia-
iea , ionoonoaea oaeie iaycaoaeueiie e aaae-
iie i?ioeaaeo?u, eae nai? eiioeaeaioeeaeueiie eioi?iaoeee i ia?o-
ia?ao, eiio?aaaioao e e?aaeeoi?ao. Nieioue e ?yaeii i?eoiaeeony
aeaeaoue, eae i?aaei?eieiaoaeue ec-ca oiai, /oi iiaa?ee
ia neiai, iai?aaeeueii ninoaaee aaaeiaeoee aeiaiai?, ia?aioeaiee
naie aiaeeoe/aneea aiciiaeiinoe, ia eco/ee ?uii/ioth eiiuthi-
eoo?o, aeaaea ia aeiaaaeuaaeny i oii, /oi ana aai i?ae?anii ecaanoiu eiieo?aioai, e o. ae.

4. ?ioicaenoai. Oaoie/aneia iaania/aiea aaciianiinoe i?i-
ecaiaenoaaiiuo, neeaaeneeo, eiioi?neeo e aeeeuo iiiauaiee
i/aiue /anoi inoaaeyao aeaeaoue iiiai eo/oaai eeai aiiaua ionoo-
noaoao. Aeaei aeioiaeeo aei niaoiiai: oiaa? ia ieeeeiiu ?oaeae eiie
?ac o?aieony ca iau/iie aeaa?ueth, n iau/iui aeaa?iui caieii, a
ia ieiao iao ?aoaoie!

?anniao?eaay i?iaeaio ee/iie aaciianiinoe a oe?ieii iea-
ia, iaaei i?eciaoue, /oi a naiai aieueoeinoaa aecianiaiu eaaei oyc-
aeiu. Ai iiiaeanoaa oe?i ethaiio iinoi?iiiaio /aeiaaeo ia ni-

^–s noaaeo o?oaea i?iieeiooue aioo?ue ioena iiae eaeei-oi i?aae-
1__J eiaii, aieoe a ethaie eaaeiao, aanooiii ca?acaoue naith

aea?oao (aeaaea ianeieueei /aeiaae) e oaeaeeoueny, ia i?eaeaeay aie-
iaiey. Ia iaycaoaeueii ?acaoue, aeooeoaeue ia noaiea
(oi?ioee ienoieao aanii ia aieaa 600 a?aii) eee ioa/anoaaiiue
*INN> (aan n iao?iiaie 830 a?aii), aeaao aiciiaeiinoue cano?aeeoue
noieueei ethaeae, neieueei iao?iiia a iaaaceia, o. a. ia iaiueoa 6, ca
2 naeoiaeu. Aua i?iua: a oie/aa aan iiaoo oeieioue eaiei/eie, eii-
/ee eioi?ie iaiaeioee a i?aia?ao iiae iacaaieai no?ioaioei. Yoi
yae ia?aii-ia?aeeoe/aneiai aeaenoaey, io eioi?iai au oi?aoa ca 30
naeoiae a ?acoeueoaoa inoaiiaee aeuoaiey.

Iiyoiio ii?iaeueiue, ?acoiiue, i?aaeoniio?eoaeueiue i?aae-
i?eieiaoaeue aeieaeai caaioeoueny i naiae aaciianiinoe, iaiyooy,
eae ii oycaei e ianeieueei o?oiea /aeiaa/aneay aeeciue aiiaua.
?acoiaaony, ana oi?ioi a ia?o. Iaeuecy aiaaeaoue ie a iaeio, ie a
ae?oaoth e?aeiinoue: iaeeiaeiai ieioi iieiia ionoonoaea io?aiu e
i?aaeaeueiia nin?aaeioi/aiea iuneae e aeaenoaee ia nianoaaiiie aa-
ciianiinoe.

?oeiaiaenoaoeoanue neaaeothueie i?eioeeiaie, ?ac?aaioaiiu-
ie niaoeeaeenoaie , neoaeau ainoaea?noaaiiie aaciian-
iinoe Ec?aeey.

1. Ni/aoaeoa a naiae nenoaia aaciianiinoe ia?u o?ao aeaeia:

ee/ioth io?aio (oaeio?aieoaee e neoaeaaiua niaaee), oaoie/an-
eea n?aaenoaa io?aiu (neaiaeecaoeeth, a?iiaaeeeaou, caiee, nae-
ou e i?.), i?aaeea iiaaaeaiey aeey anao /eaiia naiuee e iaaiiiai
ia?niiaea.

2. Iaee/ea iaeiie eeoue ee/iie io?aiu yaeyaony iaaeinoaoi/-
iui aeey aa?aioe?iaaiey 95% aaciianiinoe (100% aeaao oieueei
. Ainiiaeue Aia). Anaaaea o?aaoaony eiaiii eiiieaen ia? iacaaiiuo
auoa o?ao aeaeia.

3. I iaiaaeaaeiinoe ethaie ia?u aaciianiinoe neaaeoao noaeeoue
ii naiiio neaaiio ianoo a iae (eae i i?i/iinoe oeaie noaeyo ii aa
neaaiio caaio).

4. Ana eniieuecoaiua ia?u aaciianiinoe aeieaeiu iaoiaeeoueny
iiae iinoiyiiui eiio?ieai aeaau oe?iu eee aa niaoeeaeenoa a ia-
eanoe aaciianiinoe.

5. I?eiyoua ia?u aaciianiinoe aeieaeiu niaiauaoueny n onei-
aeyie iianaaeiaaiie aeecie i?aaei?eieiaoaey, aai naiuee, ia i?a-
iyonoaiaaoue ?aaioa oe?iu.

6. Yooaeoeaiinoue ia? aaciianiinoe aoaeao auoa, anee iie niea-
ie?iaaiu niaoeeaeenoaie a yoie iaeanoe n o/aoii niaoeeoeee aa-
oaai aeciana e ianoiuo oneiaee.

7. A oao neo/ayo, eiaaea aa?iyoiinoue niaa?oaiey iieooaiey
ia aan ?acei aic?anoaao, iaiaoiaeeii ia i?inoi auiieiyoue ana ia?u
i?aaeinoi?iaeiinoe, a aaiaeeoue ea/anoaaiii iiaue o?iaaiue aaciian-
iinoe (ia/eiay n eioi?iaoeeiiiie caueou e eii/ay niaiie ian-
oa aeeoaeuenoaa).

No?oeoo?a NA. Iiiaia?aiiinoue noa?u iaania/aiey aaciian-
iinoe oe?iu caueou aa eiiia?/aneeo nae?aoia o?aaoao nicaea-
iey niaoeeaeueiie neoaeau aeey ?aaeecaoeee anao caueoiuo ia?i-
i?eyoee.

No?oeoo?a, /eneaiiinoue e ninoaa neoaeau aaciianiinoe oe?-
iu ii?aaeaeythony ?aaeueiuie oeiainiauie aiciiaeiinoy- /”–>.s
ie, ianooaaii eiiia?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, noaiaiueth Ij^^JJ

eiioeaeaioeeaeueiinoe eioi?iaoeee. A caaeneiinoe io yoeo oaeoi-
?ia neoaeaa aaciianiinoe iiaeao aa?uee?iaaoueny io aeaoo-o?ao /aei-
aae, ?aaioathueo ii niaianoeoaeuenoao, aei iieiiianooaaiie neoae-
au n ?acaeoie no?oeoo?ie.

N o/aoii iaeiieaiiiai ca?oaaaeiiai e ioa/anoaaiiiai iiuoa
i?aaeeaaath i?eia?iue aa?eaio neoaeau aaciianiinoe oe?iu
n?aaeiaai ianooaaa. Iia ninoieo ec /aou?ao naeoi?ia (eee ioaea-
eia).

A naith i/a?aaeue, eaaeaeue oaeie naeoi? eiaao a naiai ninoaaa io
aeaoo aei aeanyoe-iyoiaaeoeaoe /aeiaae. Yoi naeoi? io?aiu, naeoi?
?aaeeia, naeoi? oaoie/aneie caueou e iia?aoeaiue naeoi?. Eo
aeaaiua caaea/e neaaeothuea.

Naeoi? io?aiu:

– io?aia iiiauaiee e caeaiee;

– io?aia iai?oaeiaaiey e eiouanoaa;

– io?aia nio?oaeieeia e ia?ii?eyoee;

– io?aia ia?aaicie.
Naeoi? ?aaeeia:

– iaania/aiea nae?aoiinoe aeieoiaioia;

– iaania/aiea ?aaeeia aeiionea;

– eiio?ieue iinaoeoaeae e o?ainii?oa;

– ?anneaaeiaaiea neo/aaa ia?ooaiee ?aaeeia.
Naeoi? oaoie/aneie caueou:

– auyaeaiea oaoie/aneeo eaiaeia ooa/ee eioi?iaoeee;

– eiio?ieue ca iiiuoeaie ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiiai aeinooia e
eioi?iaoeee n iiiiuueth oaoieee;

– iai?oaeiaaiea oe?iu n?aaenoaaie neaiaeecaoeee e nayce;

– iai?oaeiaaiea oe?iu i?ioeaiiiaea?iuie n?aaenoaaie.
– Naeoi? iia?aoeaiie ?aaiou:

– auyaeaiea e eco/aiea oe?i e i?anooiiuo niiauanoa, ya-
eythueony iioaioeeaeueiuie eiieo?aioaie eee a?aaaie oe?iu;

– o/ao e aiaeec iiiuoie i?iieeiiaaiey a nae?aou oe?iu,
inouanoaeaiey eaeeo-eeai a?aaeaeaaiuo aeoeee;

– auyaeaiea aiciiaeiuo iano a aeayoaeueiinoe oe?-
iu;

-?ac?aaioea e inouanoaeaiea ia? i?ioeaiaeaenoaey .

*oiau ia?aaeeoue naay io ooa/ee eiioeaeaioeeaeueiie eioi?ia-
oeee, neaaeoao:

– eiio?iee?iaaoue aeinooi nio?oaeieeia oe?iu e cae?uoie aei-
eoiaioaoeee e e aacai aeaiiuo;

– ia?eiaee/anee i?iniao?eaaoue aeaiiua e ii?aaeaeyoue noa-
iaiue eo nae?aoiinoe, iiiiy, /oi ethaay eioi?iaoeey auno?i
;

– ia ceioiio?aaeyoue iaeiii a?aiaiiuo nio?oaeieeia, anee
iie ii ?iaeo naiae ?aaiou aaoiiaoe/anee iieo/atho aeinooi e eii-
oeaeaioeeaeueiie eioi?iaoeee;

– iai?oaeiaaoue caoeiiai?iieoeaaiua (ye?aie?iaaiiua) iiia-
uaiey aeey ianoaeaeaiey aaaeiuo aii?inia;

– ?aaoey?ii ianeaaeiaaoue oaeea iiiauaiey, i?iaa?yy i?e ii-
‘-I–^ iiue niaoeeaeueiie aiia?aoo?u iaee/ea a ieo iiaeneooe-
[430 JJ aathueo (neaie?othueo) ono?ienoa;

– caaanoe niaoeeaeueiua eiiaa?ou (iaiee), a eioi?uo eiioe-
aeaioeeaeueiay eioi?iaoeey aoaeao oee?eoee?iaaoue aioo?e oe?iu;

– onoaiiaeoue ianoa i?eaia iinaoeoaeae, ieeiaaea ia inoaaeyoue
|ix iaeieo a ioena e ae?oaeo iiiauaieyo oe?iu; ,

– ia ?aaea iaeiiai ?aca a iaaeaeth ianeaaeiaaoue ana^ neoaeaaiua e
iiaeniaiua iiiauaiey oe?iu (aeeth/ay ei?eaei?u e ooaeaou) aeey
auyaeaiey iiaeneooeaathueo e caoeicaienuaathueo ono?ienoa;

– oii?yaei/eoue eniieueciaaiea nio?oaeieeaie iiiaeeoaeueiie
A eiie?iaaeueiie oaoieee;

– onoaiiaeoue aiia?ao aeey oie/oiaeaiey iaioaeiuo aeieoiai-
oia (aeeth/ay eniieueciaaiioth eiie?iaaeueioth aoiaao io ieooueo
iaoeiie);

– iaoeinieoaeueii i?eaea?aeeaaoueny i?aaeea: nae?aoiua aeieo-
iaiou oie/oiaeathony ee/ii nio?oaeieeii, ioaa/athuei ca aaci-
ianiinoue oe?iu;

– eniieueciaaoue aeey aaaeaiey neoaeaaiuo caienae oieueei nia-
oeeaeueiua oao?aaee e aeieiiou, i?aaeaa?eoaeueii i?iioia?iaaa eo;

– a eiioea ?aai/aai aeiy i?yoaoue yoe oao?aaee e aeieiiou a naeo
eee, ia ooaeie eiiaoe, a yuee noiea, niaaaeaiiue iaaeaaeiui cai-
eii;

– onoaiiaeoue ia?niiaeueioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue nio?oaeieeia ca
nio?aiiinoue eiioeaeaioeeaeueiie eioi?iaoeee n /aoeie a?aaeaoeeae
ia? aeenoeeieeia?iiai e iaoa?eaeueiiai aicaeaenoaey ca aa ooa/eo.

Eaaeaeue nio?oaeiee iacaaeneii io naiaai neoaeaaiiai iieiaea-
iey eee noaiaie ?iaenoaa n ?oeiaiaeeoaeai oe?iu aeieaeai aeaaeaoue
oieueei oie eioi?iaoeeae, eioi?ay aio iaiaoiaeeia aeey ?aaiou. ^

Caueuay nianoaaiioth eioi?iaoeeth, ia caauaaeoa iaeaiee-
aaoue naaaeaiey i naieo eiieo?aioao. Aeinuea ia eaaeaeiai ec ieo ii-
aeao aeeth/aoue neaaeothuea ?acaeaeu:

– i?aaiecaoeey e oeiainu;

– eiiia?/aneea aiciiaeiinoe;

– ieaiu e oeaee;

– nauo;

– neeueiua e neaaua noi?iiu.

Iiiieoa: neooaoeeae aeaaeaao oio, eoi aeaaeaao eioi?iaoeeae.

A aio /oi niaaooao aeey caueou io iaiaia e i?anooiieeia
TH. A. Ua?aaouo (1998):

e
?onneoth – . Iaeia ec ieo ?iaeaeaia n?a-
aee oieiaeiuo niaaia ?innee, a ae?oaay – iiae aea?eei nieioeai Ao-
?eee. Iaaeaeo oai iie aiai?yo ia iaeiii e oii aea: yooaeoeaii i?i-
oeainoiyoue iaiaio, eae e ae?oaiio ceo, iiaeii, eeoue i?ioeaiiinoa-
aea yeaeaaeaioioth oeo?inoue. I?inoiaeooiia aeia?i e e?enoaeueiay
/anoiinoue eiatho neeoeii iaei oainia iiaaaeeoue eciu?aiiia ei-
aa?noai e iioaiie/anoai. *oiau caueoeoue naay io i?ioiaeeioeaa e
iaiaiueeia, iaaei ciaoue ana eo oeiaee e i?eaiu e auoue ai- ^–>
oiaui, i?eiaiea eo aea oeo?inoe, iaaanoe eo naieo aie?oa |JL^.

iaeueoea. N /anoiui /aeiaaeii noieo iinooiaoue /anoii, a iaiaiue-
ea ia a?ao e iaiaiooue!

Aeaaii ecaanoii, /oi eaa/a ecaaaeaoue ethaie iaianoe, /ai ai-
?ioueny n aa iineaaenoaeyie. Yoi eanaaony anao noi?ii /aeiaa/aneie
aeecie, ii iniaaiii i?eiaieii e iaiaio. Iaeiei ec ia?auo – a na-
?aaeeia XVII aaea – yoio aii?in iiaeiye eniaineee ienaoaeue Aaeue-
oana? A?aneai, aio iu e i?aaeinoaaei neiai. Ioaeii eeoue iinoa-
?aoueny ca oyaeaei iino?iaiiuie o?acaie, ianoueie ia naaa a?oc
o?ao n iieiaeiie noieaoee, ?acaeyaeaoue oi/ioth e ino?ioiioth
iuneue, eioi?ie ioee/athony aoi?eciu A?aneaia. Eoae, ea/anoai
ia?aia: i?iieoeaoaeueiinoue.

.

Niune auoaneacaiiiai aeinoaoi/ii i?ic?a/ai. Aaeueoana?
A?aneai iiieiaao, /oi iaeuecy auoue iiaeic?eoaeueiui iinoiyiii
e a ae?oaeaneie n?aaea iiaeii ?anneaaeoueny, iicaieea naiae aa?a a
ethaeae ia?aneeeoue iaaeiaa?/eainoue. Ii i?e iaeaeoeo i?eciaeao
iianiinoe noieo iai?i/ue ioeacaoueny io eaaeiaa?iinoe, ia n/eoay
i?e yoii iiaeic?eoaeueiinoue a?aoii. A?aneai noaaeo ii/oe ciae
oiaeaeanoaa iaaeaeo ?acoiiinoueth e i?iieoeaoaeueiinoueth, aea e a na-
iii aeaea – iaa yoe ea/anoaa iicaieytho /aeiaaeo aeaeaoue ca ia-
iai/eaui aeaneii aiaoiinoe aeoaeiiua i?e/eiu iiaaaeaiey
ethaeae. Aeey eni?aaii ooieoeeiie?othuaai iiuiiai ?acoia ia au-
aaao nae?aoia – .

Ii iaaeiaa?ea naii ii naaa aua ia aa?aioey oiai, /oi oaay ia
iaiaioo. E Aaeueoana? A?aneai yoi oi?ioi iiieiaao. Eae oieueei
iioaiiee caia/aao a aeacao naiae iioaioeeaeueiie aea?oau oioy
au oaiue iaaeiaa?ey, ii ooo aea iaiyao naie oeo?ioiiua i?eaiu ia
iiaua, aieaa eciu?aiiua. Iiyoiio, caiiaeic?ea iaiai, noa?aeny,
/oiau yoe iiaeic?aiey ia noaee ecaanoiu oaiaio i?ioeaieeo.

.

Aoi?ia ea/anoai, iaiaoiaeeiia a iaoae aeecie, ii iiaieth A?a-
neaia, – ne?uoiinoue. Aac iaai /aeiaae noaiiaeony aaccaueoiui,
eai ae/iua e aan/anoiua ethaee anaaaea niiaoo ecaea/ue iieueco ec
ioe?uoiai /aeiaaea.

.

Iaaei ioiaoeoue, /oi i?eioeeiu aeeciaiiuo eio?ea, iiaeaeoe,
aia?aua a aa?iiaeneie eeoa?aoo?a n oaeie /aoeinoueth noi?ioee-
?iaaiiua A?aneaiii, auee oi?ioi ecaanoiu ia Ainoiea. Eae ie-
oao A. Eaiaoaiei, iie aoiaeeee a eieae ianoaaeaiee aeanoeoaeyi
a?aaneeo no?ai.

Iai?eia?, Eai-aeue-Ac?ae a naiai ni/eiaiee i?eaiaeeo ?an-
neac i oii, eae oaeeo Aaae-aeue-Iaeee Eai-Ia?aai iaoae eaiaiue
n auaeoie ia iai ae?aaiaaa?aeneie iaaeienueth. Ii aai iiaaeaieth
ioae?aoeu ?anoieeiaaee aio iineaiea ec aeoaeiu aaeia. , – auei iaienaii ia iai.

Ae?oaie a?aaneee ienaoaeue, Eai-aae-Aeay, ienae a naieo : .

I?i?ie Iooaiiaae ienae: .

A noa?eiiie a?aaneie ?oeiiene, eioi?ay o?aieony a Ia?eae-
neie aeaeeioaea e aaoi?noai eioi?ie aac aeinoaoi/iuo iniiaaiee
i?eienuaatho ecaanoiiio ioae?aoeo Ainoiea Aeue-Iaaa?aee, aiai?eo-
ny: .

Aa?iainy, iaeiaei, e Aaeueoana?a A?a-
neaia. O?aouea ea/anoai – oiaiea ?acae?aoueny a ethaeyo, eioi?ia
yaeyaony iieoeneonnoaii-iieoiaoeie, eioi?oth neaaeoao inaaeaaoue
anth aeeciue, anee ia oi/aoue ieacaoueny a aeo?aeao. E ianoiyuaio
a?aiaie iaienaiu nioie eiea ii i?aeoe/aneie ineoieiaee, ni-
caeaiu ouny/e oanoia, iicaieythueo ii?aaeaeeoue iniaaiiinoe ee/-
iinoe /aeiaaea, ii aeey aieueoeinoaa ethaeae /oaeay ineoeea inoa-
aony oaeiie ca naiueth ia/aoyie. A oeieao iai i?aiiaeatho iiiaea-
noai iaioaeiuo iaoe, canoaaeytho coa?eoue aaiiao?eth, oeieth,
aaia?aoeth e ano?iiiieth, aianoa n oai auioneay a aeeciue aacca-
ueoiuie i?ioea eneoniiai iaiaia.

Ai a?aiaia Aaeueoana?a A?aneaia ineoieiaey aua ia noua-.
noaiaaea eae iaoea, ii ioae?ue eacoeo oaea oiaaea niaaoiaae nai-
ei /eoaoaeyi aieueoa a?aiaie oaeaeyoue eco/aieth ethaeae, a ia
aauae.

.

Io e, iaeiiaoe, /aoaa?oia ea/anoai, ii ioithaeue ia iineaaeiaa a
ieaia i?ioeeaeoeee iaiaia, eae neacaee au naaiaeiy ine-
oieiae, – niioaaonoaothuaa ?ieaaia iiaaaeaiea.

.

Ieioi auoue iaiaiooui, ii ia iaiaa oyaeaei anthaeo aeaeaoue ia-
iai, iaeeaeaoue aai, auoue iinoiyiii ianoi?iaea. Oaeia ninoiyiea,
anee iii aeeeony iinoiyiii, niiniaii ia?ooeoue ia?aioth nenoaio
ethaiai /aeiaaea. I?eia?ii oaeiai nouanoaiaaiey, i?ioiaeeaoa-
ai a aa/iii iaeeaeaiee i?aaeaoaeuenoaa e eciaiu, iiaeao neoaeeoue
aeeciue ?onneiai oea?y Eaaia Aaneeueaae/a, ca naith iaoieiae/aneoth
aeanoieinoue iacaaiiiai nia?aiaiieeaie .

Enoi?ee A. Eeth/aaneee – iaeei ec ciaoieia e iienaoaeae oa-
?aeoa?ia ?onneeo oea?ae, ii i?aao i?icaaaiiue , aeae aeanoyuee ineoieiae/aneee aiaeec aeooiaiie yai-
ethoeee Eaaia Aaneeueaae/a n aeaonoaa aei eiioea aai aeooeiai i?aaea-
iey. Ii ieoao:

.

Eae ioia/aao Eeth/aaneee, yoiio ai iiiaii niinianoaiaaea
aoiinoa?a eeoeaia?ey e aeaoee/ey, eioi?ie auea i?iieoaia aeeciue
E?aiey. Aiineaaenoaee a ienueiao e eiycth Eo?aneiio nai Eaai
Aaneeueaae/ ienae, /oi aai ieioi ei?ieee e iaeaaaee, a aiy?a noan-
iyee ai anai, ia aeaaay aiee, aniiieiay i aai oea?neii i?ienoiae-
aeaiee oieueei a aeie oi?aeanoaaiiuo i?acaeieeia. A oaeea iiiaiou
ioiioaiea e iieiaeiio oea?th ?acei iaiyeinue: aai i?eaeeaeaiiua,
aua a/a?a i?aiaa?aaaaoea thiui ainoaea?ai, ia ethaeyo ecuyaeyee
aio i?eoai?ioth ii/oeoaeueiinoue e iiei?iinoue. Eiia/ii aea, oaeia
aeaoee/ea inoaaeyei neeueiue neaae a aeooa aoaeouaai i?aaeoaey ?in-
nee, canoaaeyy aai niiiaaaoueny a ene?aiiinoe ethaeae.

Eeth/aaneee ieoao, /oi .

Iaeiaei ia?aaeien caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi /aeiaae ia iiaeao
aeeoue, ie?oaeaiiue oieueei a?aaaie, e aeey ioaeioiiaaiey naiae ec-
io/aiiie aa/iui iaeeaeaieai cea aeooe ii aeieaeai i?eaeoiuaaoue
naaa , ia eioi?uo iiaeao iieiaeeoueny. Eiia/ii aea, aicea
ethaiai, oioue e o?eaeaeu iiaeic?eoaeueiiai aeeeoaoi?a anaaaea iaoi-
aeeeenue ethaee, aioiaua i?aaenoaaeoue aeanoeoaeth aeieacaoaeuenoaa
naiae aacia?iie i?aaeaiiinoe. E oaeea i?eaeai?iua noaiiaeeenue
ethaei/eeaie, aeey eioi?uo e?aeiyy oea?neay iiaeic?eoaeueiinoue
e inoaeueiui ethaeyi iai?a/eaaeanue oaeie aea aeoaieie aeiaa?/eai-
noueth e aeaai?aniieiaeaieai. Oaeeie i?eaeeaeaiiuie aeey Eaaia
A?iciiai auee Neeueaano?, Aaeaoaa, a iioii e Iaethoa Neo?aoia.

Aaneeee Eeth/aaneee ieoao: .

Auaiae ec yoiai enoi?e/aneiai i?eia?a a iauai-oi aeinoaoi/ii
aaiaeai: iaiaiooue iiaeii ethaiai, aeaaea naiiai iaaeiaa?/eaiai e
iiaeic?eoaeueiiai /aeiaaea, anee aeaoue aio oi, /aai aio io/ayiii ia
oaaoaao. A ia oaaoaao iiaeic?eoaeueiui ethaeyi /oanoaa aeiaa?ey e
iuouaiey aaciianiinoe. Oaeei ia?acii, i?aaeinoaaeyy aeeeoaoi-
?ai aeieacaoaeuenoaa naiae eneeth/eoaeueiie i?aaeaiiinoe, eae
?uau-i?eeeiaeu aicea aaniiuaaeiuo aeoe, i?ae?anii nouanoai-
aaee i?e Noaeeia – Aa?ey, i?e A?iciii – Neo?aoia, i?e aaoueea
Iaoii – iaea/ Eeeei.

Ineoieiae/aneee iaoaieci oaeiai oaeeaeoaeueiiai ni/aoa-
iey e?aeiae iiaeic?eoaeueiinoe n ii?aceoaeueiie aeiaa?/eainoueth
iniiaai ia , eioi?ue yaeyaony oieaa?naeue-
iui i?eioeeiii ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oeceieiae/aneeo nenoai /a-
eiaaea.

Anee iu ?anniio?ei no?iaiea iicaa /aeiaaea, oi iaia?oaeei
oai ia?iua yae?a, oi?aaeythuea acaeiii i?ioeaiiieiaeiuie i?i-
oeannaie. Iai?eia?, a i?iaeieaiaaoii iicao anoue oeaio? aaeioa e
oeaio? auaeioa, a i?iiaaeooi/iii – oeaio?u aieiaea e ianuuaiey,
iiauoaiey e iiieaeaiey oaiia?aoo?u. Anoue oai oeaio?u e
, aicaoaeaeaiea eioi?uo i?eaiaeeo e iuouaieth aiacaiiiai
aeaaeainoaa eee aea aucuaaao noieue neeueioth aeai?anneth, i?e ei-
oi?ie … Aeeeoaeueiia ?acae?aaeaiea iaeiiai oa-
eiai oeaio?a aaoiiaoe/anee aucuaaao iiauoaiea oiiona aai aioa-
aiienoa. Iiyoiio iinea aaeioa iaecaaaeii neaaeoao auaeio, ioeaae-
aeaiea oaea caeiiiia?ii aeeth/aao iaoaieciu , a
yenoac iaauaaeiai n/anouey aiineaaenoaee iai?a/eaaaony i?enooia-
ie ioa?aoeoaeueiiai iano?iaiey. Iniaaiii yaii yoi i?iyaeyaony
i?e iaiin?aaenoaaiiii ?acae?aaeaiee oaeeo oeaio?ia (o ia?eiiaiia,
iai?eia?), oioy a aieaa ineaaeaiiii aeaea n oaeei yaeaieai noae-
eeaaeny ethaie ?yaeiaie iio?aaeoaeue nie?oiuo iaieoeia, iaaeth-
aeaaoee iaecaaaeioth niaio yeoi?ee i?e aeeiaieueiii iiueyiaiee
iai?eyoiuie iuouaieyie, iau/ii nii?iaiaeaeathueie iioiaeue-
iue neiae?ii. I?e yoii eaaeaeue iiaeao iiaeoaa?aeeoue, /oi /ai eo/-
oa auei iano?iaiea iaeaioia, oai ooaea iii aoaeao ia nea-
aeothuaa oo?i.

Ii-aeaeeiiio, ia/oi iioiaeaa i?ienoiaeeo e n /oanoaii aeiaa-
?ey. *ai aieueoa ia aeiaa?yao /aeiaae ie?oaeathuei, oai aieueoa
eniuouaaao ii iio?aaiinoue aeiaa?youe oioue eiio-ieaoaeue. E eae
i?aaeei, oaeie iaycaoaeueii iaoiaeeony.

Ia?aue oaa i?ioea iaiaia ninoieo a ?aniiciaiee iaia?a-
iee i?ioeaieea. Iiaiaeii aeey iiaeic?aiey iiaeao auoue eceeo-
iyy iacieeeainoue /aeiaaea, aai no?aieaiea auaaaeaoue eaeoth-oi
eioi?iaoeeth, eioi?oth iiaeii aiineaaenoaee ia?aoeoue i?ioea aan.
Eiaiii iiyoiio ia ?aeiiaiaeoaony ioe?iaaiie/aoue n iaciaeii-
oeaie ia aiecaeao, a eoia iiacaea eee ia eo?i?oa. *ai aieueoa au
i naaa ?anneacuaaaoa, oai aieueoa aeaaoa aoa?enoo eicu?ae aeey aai
ieooianeie ea?u. Ia yoii ienaee aua ainoi/iua ioae?aoeu. Oae,
Aeue-Iaaa?aee ioia/ae a naieo eieaao, /oi iaeuecy aeiaa?youe /aei-
aaeo, eioi?ue yaii no?aieony aoa?aoueny e aai a aeiaa?ea e neeo-
eii yaii auaaaeuaaao aaoe oaeiu. Ii i?eaiaeeo ae?aaiaa aunea-
cuaaiea ii yoiio iiaiaeo: . Ae?oaie ioae?aoe Ainoiea, Eai-aeue-Ac?ae,
ienae:

Eoi eiieony a aeaa?e aeiaa?ey,
Oiio ia ioe?ith oa aeaa?e y.

Eoae, ia?aia i?aaeei i?ioea iaiaia: oiaiueoeoue aei ieieio-
ia ooa/eo eioi?iaoeee. AEeoaeneie eeethno?aoeeae yoiai i?aaeea
iiaoo auoue niaaou, iioaeeeiaaiiua a aacaoa , a noaouea .

Ia aoeoe?oeoa naie iouacae. Iii?ineoa ?iaeiuo eee ninaaeae
?aaoey?ii caae?aoue aaoo ei??aniiiaeaioeeth, a n/ao/ee canoaaueoa
e?ooeoueny, inoaaea aeeth/aiiui eaeie-eeai iaeiiiuiue aaci-
ianiue yeaeo?ii?eai?. Ia aueeth/aeoa ?aaeeioi/eo – ionoue a aa-
oae eaa?oe?a aeaaea ii/ueth eoi-oi ?acaiaa?eaaao e iiao.

Anee neo/eony iieueciaaoueny aaoiiaoe/aneie eaia?ie o?aia-
iey, a iioneay iiiaoo a ioaa?noea y/aeee, au iaia?oaeeoa, /oi
iii caaeoi e iiiaoa ia i?ioiaeeo, na?inueoa iiia? eiaea, eioi?ue
au iaae?aee. Iioaiieee niaoeeaeueii caaeee ioaa?noea y/aeee e
iaaethaeatho ca aaie. E anee au iaaa?aoa oio aea iiia?, eae iau/ii
i?eiyoi, iioaiieee ioe?itho y/aeeo /a?ac iyoue ieioo iinea aa-
oaai ooiaea, e aaoe aaue .

I?aaeei aoi?ia: ia aoaeueoa i?aaeneacoaiu. Oo?e?oy aei aaiaeue-
iiai, neaaeai oae: ia eeaaeeoa eeth/ io eaa?oe?u iiae eia?ee. Ai?i-
/ai, ana oiiua iunee oaea aeaaii auneacaiu aei ian. Aiiaue ia?a-
oeiny e eniaineiio ioae?aoeo Aaeueoana?o A?aneaio:

.

E niiaa ia?aianainy ia o?enoa eao aia?aae – a iaoa aaniieie-
‘,–>\ iia a?aiy. Eaeia ioiioaiea yoi i?aaeei eiaao e aaoaio
[436 JJ aaoiiiaeeth? Naiia iaiin?aaenoaaiiia. Aaaeue ianiio?y ia

neiaeiua i?ioeaioaiiiua n?aaenoaa, iinoaaeaiiua ia aaoiiiaeeyo,
eo oaiiytho eee n?aaee ii/e ?acaeaaony aie ne?aiu, iiaeoaa?aeaeath-
uee, /oi eiio-oi ia oa?ieony yoi naeaeaoue. Iiyoiio niaoeeaeenou
?aeiiaiaeotho ioaa?iooue ia ia?o iai?ioia aaeeo, eioi?ay e?aieo
eeaiio i?iaiaea, niaaeeiythuaai aeeoioeyoi? n aaoiii-
aeey, iaanoi/ea aai yeaeo?inenoaio. Eee naeaeaoue ii-ae?oaiio: ii-
iaiyoue ianoaie aeaa aunieiaieueoiuo i?iaiaea ia e?uoea ?ani?a-
aeaeeoaey caaeeaaiey. Aeaeaaoaeue ia caionoeony-
I?aaeei o?aouea: ia aueacuaaoue n?aco naieo iiaeic?aiee, anee
au caia/aaoa, /oi aan iuoathony iaiaiooue. Ii yoiio iiaiaeo Ea-
?ioooei ienae: .

A eiioea i?ioeiai aaea naie noaea ssiiiey caeacuaaea a Aa?i-
ia. Iaeiaei ia ana caeeth/aaiua yiiioeaie aeiaiai?a caeai/eaaeenue
ioi?ieaieai caeaca. Aeiaieueii /anoi iie ouaoaeueii eco/aee anth
oaoie/aneoth aeieoiaioaoeeth, a iioii iiae eaeei-ieaoaeue i?aaeei-
aii ioeacuaaeenue io ei?aaey.

Iaeiaaeaeu aaaeouee eiaeaia? aiaeeeneie noaeiaa?oe, aoaeo/e a
e?oainaaoiii iooaoanoaee, oaeaeae a aano?aeeeneii ii?oo yiii-
neee ei?aaeue, eioi?ue ii ee/ii i?iaeoe?iaae e io i?eia?aoaiey
eioi?iai yiiioeu iaiaeeaeaiii ioeacaeenue. Eiaeaia? aeiaaaeaeny, /oi
i?eaeeienoua aceaou i?inoi eiie?iaaee /a?oaaee e ii iei aeaea-
ee noaea naie.

Eiaaea ia yoo noaeiaa?oue aiiaue i?eaue yiiineee i?aaenoaae-
oaeue, aio ia noaee au?aaeaoue i?aoaicee, a i?aaeeiaeeee iiae?ia-
ioth oaoie/aneoth aeieoiaioaoeeth. Noeaia?ee iineaaeothueo ni-
auoee iiaoi?eeny: /a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy, ouaoaeueii eco/ea
/a?oaaee, yiiioeu aiioee?iaaee caeac. A /a?ac aiae a Eieiaaia
ninoiyeny oi?aeanoaaiiue nione ia aiaeo iiaiai noaeia – oi/iie
eiiee aiaeeeneiai ei?aaey. Iaeiaei oi?aeanoaa auee iaaeieaeie.
Ii-aeaeeiiio, oe?aaeaiiua /a?oaaee ieacaeenue n ecuyiii, eai
/a?ac ianeieueei naeoiae iinea nionea noaeii ia?aaa?ioeinue e ca-
oiioei. Oae aiaeeeneea noaeino?ieoaee ioiinoeee yiiineei iea-
aeaoi?ai.

Aeey ethaeoaeae eeanne/aneie eeoa?aoo?u iiaeii i?aaeeiaeeoue
Ae?oaoth eeethno?aoeeth e i?eioeeio – iiaaeeo Aeaeiaaiie Aieea//i ec .

.

A yoie enoi?ee iaa aa?iy – e iieiaeie eiitho, e noa?ue ei-
?ieue – i?iyaeee auaea?aeeo e niaeaeeo, oieueei iineaaeiaa neiai
inoaeinue ca eiithoii. Ii iauee i?eioeei iiaaaeaiey i?e iaiaia
aue e inoaaony oieaa?naeueiui: . Anee oaay iu-
oathony iaoeo?eoue, ia noa?aeny iieacaoueny oiiaa naiaai i?ioea-
ieea. Iaiai?io, iiaeaeaeny aio e onuie aai aaeeoaeueiinoue. Oieueei
oae ou niiaeaoue auea?aoue. Yoa no?aoaaey ?aaioaao a ethauo neooa-
oeeyo, a oii /enea e a ?acaaaeea. Anee oieii caiaoee neaaeeo, ii
ia aeieaeai yoiai iieacuaaoue.

, –
ieoao Aeeoi? Noai?ia a ?iiaia . – Ea ae?oaii ianoa
ii i?iaeieaeaao:

Oaeei ia?acii, eiaaea /aeiaae ociaao i aioiayuainy i?ioea
iaai iaiaia, o iaai anoue ii e?aeiae ia?a aeaa aa?eaioa ioaaoa. Ia?-
aue – ?aciaea/eoue aioiayueeny caaiai?, /oiau oie/oiaeeoue aai
a ca?iaeuoa, a aoi?ie – nicaeaoue eeethceth iaaaaeaiey e, i?iaeie-
aeay aiaoia inoaaaoueny aania/iui, iiaeaioiaeoue naiaio i?ioea-
ieeo ano?a/iue iaiai. Ii ni?aaoue iaiai iiaeii oiaea ii-?acii-
io. I?inoi iaaeieoue naiaai iiiiiaioa ai eaee – ia naiue ioae-
?ue aa?eaio ioaaoa ia iiiuoeo iaiaia. Oioy Eicueia I?ooeia e
niaaoiaae: .

Oai ia iaiaa eo/oa iinooieoue oiiueoa: iaiaayc/eai aeaoue ii-
iyoue iaiaiueeo, /oi iai?eyoiinoe io aai eaee a ia?aoth i/a- ,-
,–^
?aaeue einioony aai naiiai, oae, eae naeaeae yoi aa?ie aanie [L4^]

E. E?ueiaa . Ii?aeue nae aanie i?inoa – ii?ith iaeia oieue-
ei aiciiaeiinoue iaeacaiey ca aoaeouee iaiai iiaeao inoaiiaeoue
iaiaiueea.

Ec aeaeueieo no?ainoaee aica?aoynue,
Eaeie-oi aeai?yiei (a iiaeao auoue, e eiycue),
N i?eyoaeai naiei iaoeii aoeyy a iiea,
?anoaanoaeny i oii, aaea ii auaae,
E e aueyi iaaueeoe aac n/aoo i?eeaaae.
. –

.

Iinea oaeiai i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey ?acia?u ?eineiai iao?oea ia/a-
ee oiaiueoaoueny – nia/aea aei aaee/eiu aeiia, a iioii e aei ?acia-
?ia /aeiaa/aneiai ?inoa. Ii a eiioea eiioeia ia?au iaoaai iooaoa-
noaaiieea ia auaea?aeaee i?aaenoiyuaai eniuoaiey aieoaaiui ii-
noii, a oiaiueoaoue aeaeaa ?acia?u /oaeaniiai iao?oea ia iicaieyea
aai ai?aeinoue, e a ?acoeueoaoa aio i?eoeinue iieoe ia iiiyoioth:

Iineooae-ea, – ooo ia?a?aae iie Eaeaoe, –
*ai ia iino iai eaeoe, iieuai eo/oa a?iaeo.

Eeanne/aneei i?eia?ii aoi?ie no?aoaaee iiaaaeaiey – – yaeyaony oaenie?ianeee Aaieao. Ociaa io
I?ec?aea oaeio aeaaee naiaai iooea, ii ie/ai ia auaeaao naay, onui-
eyy iiaeic?eoaeueiinoue naieo a?aaia. E aeaeaa, ociaa, /oi io/ei ai-
oiaeo aio iiaeaaeue, iinueay a Aiaeeth n ienueiii, a eioi?ii i?aae-
ienuaaaony aai iaiaaeey eacieoue, ii inoaaony aiaoia aaco/anoiui.
Aeaoneee i?eioe i?eieiaao aaeeinoaaiii aa?iia ?aoaiea – aac ec-
eeoiaai ooia ii iiaeiaiyao ?ieiaia iineaiea.

Aaieao:

Aioiayo ienueia aeaa iieo nia?aoa,
Eioi?ui y, eae aeaoi aaaetheai, aa?th,
Aacoo i?eeac, iie aeieaeiu ?an/enoeoue
Aei?iao e caiaaeia. Io /oi ae, ioneae,
A oii e caaaaa, /oiau caieaeiia
Aci?aaoue aai aea ieiie, ieioi aoaeao,
Eieue y ia a?ithnue aeoaaea eo a?oeiii,
*oia eo ionoeoue e eoia; anoue i?aeanoue a oii,
Eiaaea aeaa oeo?inoe noieeioony eaii!

‘,–>s Aio eae ii ?anneacuaaao Ai?aoeei i auiieiaiee naiaai ca-
[440]| iunea:

Aaieao:

Iaeeioa iie aooeao,

ss auoae ec eathou e a iioaieao

Noae i?iae?aoueny e iei; y ?acuneae eo,

Noauee o ieo ienueii e ai?ioeeny

E naaa iiyoue, e aue ianoieueei aea?cie –

I?eee/ee no?ao ia aaaeaao, – /oi ane?ue

Aunieia iineaiuea; a iai, Ai?aoeei, –

I oea?noaaiiay iiaeeinoue! – aue i?eeac,

Aanue oniauaiiue aeiaiaeaie iieuecu

Eae aeaoneie, oae e aiaeeoeeie aea?aeaau>

A eioi?ii oae iiae no?auaee aeeciueth,

*oi oio/an ii i?i/oaiuee, aac caaea?aeee,

Ia iiniio?aa, iaoi/ai ee oiii?,

Iia i?i/ue nianee au aieiao…

Eoae, e?oaii iiooai iaaiaeyenoaii, –

Iie oi ia ni/eiee aua i?ieiaa,

Eae i?enooiee e ea?a, – y nae, ninoaaee

Ae?oaie i?eeac:

Io ei?iey oi?aeanoaaiiue i?ecua, –
Oaeaeaa e i?i/oy nea iineaiuea,
Ia ?aciuoeyy iiiai eee iaei,
Iiaeaoaeae iaiaaeey oia?oaeoue,
Ia aeaa e iiiieeoueny.

Ioiaoei, /oi nthaeao n ia?aoaaoii e iiaeiaiie ienueia /anoi
eniieuecoaony eae a aeecie, oae e a eeoa?aoo?a. Aniiiiei oioy au
^Neaceo i oea?a Naeoaia> A. N. Iooeeia, aaea ceia?aaeiua e caaen-
oeeaua nano?u aeaaaeaeu iiaeiaiyee ienueia, a ?acoeueoaoa /aai ano?a-
/a iooea n nuiii ieacaeinue ioeiaeaiiie ia ianeieueei eao, a any en-
oi?ey iiaea caeii/eoueny aanueia o?aae/anee:

A oea/eoa n iiaa?eoie,
N naaoueae aaaie Aaaa?eoie
Ecaanoe aa oioyo,
Ia?aiyoue aiioea aaeyo,
Naie oetho aiioea ae?oaiai
Aio n /ai io neiaa aei neiaa:

.

Ii a neaceao aeia?i anaaaea iiaaaeaeaao cei, a iinaio eio?eaai-
ee auee a eiioea eiioeia iaeacaiu.

Aiaeec eioi?iaoeee n oeaeueth auyaeaiey iaiaia iiaeao i?iai-
aeeoueny aeaoiy niiniaaie: aa?oeeaeueiui, eiaaea niiinoaaeythony
naaaeaiey, iinooieaoea a ?aciia a?aiy io iaeiiai e oiai aea enoi/-
ieea, e ai?eciioaeueiui, eiaaea n?aaieoaeueiie i?iaa?ea iiaeaa?-
aaaony eioi?iaoeey, iieo/aiiay io ?acee/iuo enoi/ieeia.

Ia?aue niinia i?eiaiytho, iai?eia?, a ieeeoeee eee eiio?-
?acaaaeea , eiaaea canoaaeytho iiaeic?aaaaiiai ianeieueei ?ac iienu-
aaoue naie aeaenoaey a ii?aaeaeaiiue iiiaio a?aiaie. Anee ii eaeao,
oi ?aii eee iicaeii iiaeao aaea-oi ioeaeoueny, e oiaaea neaaeiaaoaeue
iieiaao aai ia yoii i?ioeai?a/ee.

Aoi?ie niinia iau/ai aeey ?acaaaeee – eae aiaiiie, oae e i?i-
iuoeaiiie. Oai ouaoaeueii niae?aaony e niiinoaaeyaony ^–e
eioi?iaoeey, i?ina/eaathuayny ec ?acee/iuo enoi/ieeia: |J441 Jj

aacao, oaeaaeaeaiey, iao/iuo aeo?iaeia, aeieeaaeia ia eiioa?aioee-
yo e o. i. Anee io oaeiiai aaaioa iieo/atho eioa?anioth eioi?ia-
oeeth, aa anaaaea noa?athony i?iaa?eoue aeaiiuie ec. iacaaeneiuo en-
oi/ieeia ia i?aaeiao aeaceioi?iaoeee. Aio eae iienuaaao iiaeiaiua
neooaoeee A. Noai?ia a naiai ?iiaia :

*-Aeaca!

Iaaeaaoi? no?ia. ss iie/o. *oi ia oaeia cayaeaiea neaaeaoue?
A aai ?oea oeo?iaea. Naiuenio Oanoie aae?oa ia/ae i?iecaiaeeoue
aeaco. Anee aiaeece?iaaoue iieo/aiiua io iaai aeieoiaiou, oi
ne?uoue iiiuoeo iaiaiooue A?O iaaiciiaeii. Ii ethaie aeieoiaio,
ethaie aiia?ao, ethaie ia?acaoe aii?oaeaiey A?O iieoiaao a ia-
neieueeeo yecaiiey?ao a ?aciuo /anoyo ie?a… Iaeeiaeiaua eo-
ni/ee eioi?iaoeee n?aaieaathony. Yoi aeaeaaony anaaaea, n ethaui
aeieoiaioii. Iii?iaoe aeiaaaeoue io naay, iiiuoaeny ooaeoue –
neoaeaa eioi?iaoeee yoi ane?iao. Eiaiii yoi neo/eeinue nae/an n
iiei aunoaai/iui ae?oaii iiia? 173-A-41-706.

Ana auei oi?ioi. Ii a iineaaeiai iieo/aiiii io iaai aeieo-
iaioa ia oaaoaao o?ao no?aieoe. No?aieoeu aaaeiua e oa?aiu oae,
/oi iaaiciiaeii iaia?oaeeoue, /oi iie eiaaea-oi ooo auee. Oieueei
n?aaiaiea n oaeei aea aeieoiaioii, iieo/aiiui, iiaeao auoue, /a-
?ac Aeaee? eee E?eaiaeeth, iicaieyao ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi ian iuoa-
thony iaiaiooue. Iiaeaeaeea auiieiaia ianoa?nee. Auiieiaia yen-
ia?oaie. Cia/eo, Naiuenio Oanoie iiae iieiui eiio?ieai. Nai ii
i?eoae a iieeoeeth n iiaeiiie eee iiiaeny – ?iee ia ea?aao.
Aeaaiia – ii iiae eiio?ieai>.

Eiiaaea a aieaa eciu?aiiii
aeaea i?eiaiyaony eiio??acaaaeeie. Ai a?aiy Ia?aie ie?iaie aie-
iu a Aaia?aeueiii ooaaa ?innee iaia?oaeeeanue ooa/ea eioi?ia-
oeee. Iiae iiaeic?aieai ieacaeenue /aou?a eo?uea?a. Oiaaea eaaeaeiio
ec ieo auea iiaea?ioaia ?acee/iay eioi?iaoeey, e ii ?aaeoeee
iaiaoeeie noi?iiu oieii aue au/eneai. Aiaeiae/iay neooaoeey
eiaea ianoi a eiioea aeaaaeoeaouo aiaeia a Eeaaa. A iaeiie ec aeaenoao-
thueo oai aaiae caaaeny ieeeoeaeneee inaaaeiieoaeue – .
Aeaaa?ue, aoaeo/e aeinoaoi/ii niia?aceoaeueiui /aeiaaeii, iiae aieue-
oei nae?aoii niiauee eaaeaeiio /eaio aaiaeu i i?aaeiieaaaaiii
yeiau ia?aaeaiee iaaaceia, oeacaa aeaoo e ianoi. Oieueei aio aae-
?ana iaaaceiia auee ?aciua. A iineaaeiee iiiaio ii, nineaaoenue
ia aaneoth i?e/eio, ia?aaeaiea, i?aaeaa?eoaeueii ia-
i?aaea ii eaaeaeiio aae?ano ii iaeue/eoea-aani?eci?ieeo. Iaeei ec
ieo niiauee i canaaea. Yoi noieei aeecie ieeeoeaeneiio inaaaei-
ieoaeth.

E?iia aeaoo auoaiienaiiuo, aiciiaeai e ae?oaie niinia i?i-
aa?ee ia i?aaaeeainoue, eiaaea neiaa iiaeic?aaaaiiai ai eaee n?aa-
ieaatho n iauaeoeaiuie oaeoaie, eioi?ua o?oaeii iiaeaeaeaoue.
Ieaea i?eaiaeeony io?uaie ec ?iiaia Y?ea Noaiee Aa?aeia?a . Aeaoaeoea Aeiiaeueae Eai aaaeao naith ea?o, ia i?eieiay
a ?an/ao oi, /oi e oi?ioaiueeea aeaaooee iiaoo eiae/anee iuneeoue.

.

I?e eiae/aneii aiaeeca eioi?iaoeee i?eiaiythony ?acee/-
iua i?eaiu. Iaeei ec ieo – , eiaaea ec iaei/ae
neeaaeuaaaony oeaeinoiue ia?ac /aeiaaea eee yaeaiey. Iio?ynath-
uaa aeaaeaiea yoei iaoiaeii aeaiiino?e?iaae eaaaiaea?iue Oa?-
eie Oiein. I?aaeinoaaei neiai A?oo?o Eiiai Aeieeo:


/oi ii iiauaae a Eeoaa e /oi ca iineaaeiea ianyoeu aio i?eoiaee-
einue iiiai ienaoue. E?iia yoeo i/aaeaeiuo oaeoia, y ia iiao ioaa-
aeaoue ie/aai.

Ienoa? Aeaeaaac Oeenii aui?yieeny a e?anea e, ia io?uaay
oeacaoaeueiiai iaeueoea io aacaou, onoaaeeny ia iiaai i?eyoaey.

– Eaeei ia?acii, ienoa? Oiein, iiaee au ana yoi ociaoue? –
ni?inee ii. – Ioeoaea au ciaaoa, iai?eia?, /oi y caieiathnue oe-
ce/aneei o?oaeii? Aea, aeaenoaeoaeueii, y ia/eiae ei?aaaeueiui
ieioieeii.

– Aaoe ?oee ?anneacaee iia ia yoii, iie aei?iaie ny?. Aaoa
i?aaay ?oea e?oiiaa eaaie. Au ?aaioaee ath, e ioneoeu ia iae
noaee e?oiiaa.

– A ithoaiuea oaaaea, a o?aieianiinoai?

– I o?aieianiinoaa aeiaaaeaoueny iao?oaeii, oae eae au, aii?a-
ee no?iaiio onoaao aaoaai iauanoaa, iineoa aaenoo/ioth aoeaaeo
n ecia?aaeaieai aeoae e ie?oaeiinoe.

– Ao, aea! ss e caaue i?i iaa… Ii eae au ioaaaeaee, /oi iia i?e-
oiaeeeinue iiiai ienaoue?

– I /ai eiii iiaeao naeaeaoaeuenoaiaaoue aao einiyueeny i?a-
aue ?oeaa e i?ioa?oia aei aeaaeeinoe noeii ia eaaii ?oeaaa aicea
eieoy?

– A Eeoae?

– Oieueei a Eeoaa iiaea auoue auoaooe?iaaia oa ?uaea, /oi
e?anoaony ia aaoai i?aaii caiynouea. Iau/ae ie?aoeaaoue ?uaueth
/aooth iaaeii-?iciaui oeaaoii ?ani?ino?aiai oieueei a Eeoaa. Oae-
aeaa eeoaeneoth iiiaoo ia oeaii/ea aaoeo /ania, y ieii/aoaeueii
oaaaeeeny, /oi au auee a Eeoaa.

Ienoa? Aeaeaaac Oeenii a?iiei ?anoioioaeny.

– Aio iii /oi! – neacae ii. – ss nia/aea iiaeoiae, /oi au aia
ciaao eaeeie ioae?aiuie niiniaaie ioaaaeuaaaoa, a ieacuaaaony,
yoi oae i?inoi>.

Iniaaiii /anoi i?eiaiyaony i?e aeii?inao.
Aeaei a oii, /oi anee cayaeaiey iiaeic?aaaaiiai enoeiiu, oi ia in-
iiaaiee aai ?annoaeaeaiee aeieaeia neeaaeuaaoueny aaeeiay /,–.s
e oeaeueiay ea?oeia aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Anee aea a ?anneaca ||443]|

auea eiaeue, oi ?aii eee iicaeii iia i?iyaeo naay – aaea-oi ia aoaeao neeaaeuaaoueny, e oaeueoeaea naia cayaeo i
naaa. Ciaiaieoue I. Ieioi n/eoae aie-
iaiea e aeaoaeyi iaeiei ec aaaeiaeoeo ea/anoa eiio??acaaae/eea.
Ii ienae:

.

Eoae, caeai/eaay ?anneac i i?anooiieeao e caueoa io ieo, y
oi/o caiaoeoue, /oi i?e oaeii iieiaeaiee, eae nae/an, i?anooi-
iinoue aoaeao ?anoe e iaoa no?aia nei?i i?aa?aoeony a iaeia iiaei-
..aea NOA. Oi anoue iu noaiai no?aiie-aaiaeie, eioi?ay aoaeao ia
iaaeaeoia?iaeiie a?aia caieiaoueny, eae iuiaoiea NOA, iaiaiii,
a?aaaaeii, ?yeaoii, iaai?iauaaoue ana aieaa neaaua no?aiu ii ana-
io ie?o. A aioo?e no?aiu iaanaaaea aioea?yony aeeeea caeiiu neeu,
aeanoe aeaiaa e aeanoe i?anooiiuo /eiiaieeia – .

Eae niaoeeaeeno a iaeanoe NE-iaoee, y niath ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi
‘iiiaiouny/aeaoiee iiuo nouanoaiaaiey /aeiaa/aneeo niiauanoa
aiai?eo iai i oii, /oi a iniiaa /aeiaa/aneie aeecie aeieaeai auoue
i?aanoaaiiue Caeii. Iiae/a?eeaath, no?iaee Caeii. Yoi cia/eo,
/oi iaaiciiaeii nio?aieoue iai iuiaoithth oeeaeeecaoeeth , oeeaeeecaoeeth (eae iie
naay iacuaatho), aeeaouoth ia ia?aaeaiee anaai inoaeueiiai /aei-
aa/anoaa. Eaeaieiaey nicaeaia oaeeoeae o/aieeia
O?enoa – iaeei Iaaeii. Yoa eaeaieiaey i?ecaaia caueuaoue aeee-
oao Caiaaea anaio inoaeueiiio ie?o, eioi?iio ioaiaeeony ?ieue ia-
nii?ioeaeythuaainy oa?iaeeaiai ?aaa, iiaenoaaeythuaai aoi?oth
uaeo, eiaaea aai auetho e oieaeatho. Caiaaeiay eaeaieiaey caaeoiaia e i?aoai?aia a aeeciue a oi?ia ie?iaie ?aeeaee.
Yoe ?aeeaeiciua oeaie aeieaeiu ii caiuneo caiaaeiuo eaeaieiaia
neeueiaa ethauo ioo oaea?aeeaaoue iiae/eiaiiua ia?iaeu a ?aaneii
iiaeiiaaiee.

Eenon O?enoin anth aeeciue ai?ieny n caiaaeiie ?aeeaeicii-eaea-
ieiae/aneie eiioeaioeeae niunea e oeaeae /aeiaa/aneie aeecie, ii-
yoiio aue ?aniyo caiaaeiuie eaeaieiaaie, a aai o/aiea iiaeeaeoei
ia?acii eneaaeaii e acyoi ia aii?oaeaiea i?anooiieeaie e oaee-
oeaie. Iiyoiio eiy e ii?aeueiue aaoi?eoao Eenona O?enoa ieea-
eiai ioiioaiey e iuiaoiaio ia eiatho, oae eae
iuiaoiaa – yoi ia ?aeeaey, iino?iaiiay ia o/a-
iee Eenona O?enoa, a eaeaieiaey ?aaiaeaaeaeue/aneiai Caiaaea ii io-
iioaieth e ae?oaei ia?iaeai-, eioi?ui oaioiaaia noaeueaa
aa/ii ieueo, aieueiuo e auie?athueo aac anyeiai nii?ioeaea-
iey…

Eoae, y ooaa?aeaeath, /oi aac nianoaaiiie i?aanoaaiiie iaoeei-
iaeueiie eaeaieiaee, /ai au iu ie caieiaeenue, iu ie/aai, e?iia
i?anooieaiee, ieeiaaea ia niaa?oei. Ian aeaeao Aiieaeeinen, au-
^–>\ ?iaeaeaiea e io/eoaeueiay nia?oue io i?anooiiuo e /oaeaeuo
H444JJ ?onneiio ia?iaeo iieoethaeae-iieoaeeaioiuo – anao yoeo

, , , , , , .

O ?onneiai ia?iaea anoue oieueei iaeei auoiae – nianoe naay e aanue
ie?, i?aaeioa?aoeoue Aiieaeeinen, ainnicaeaa nianoaaiioth ie?iaoth
eaeaieiaeth e ?aeeaeth – ?onneoth ?aeeaeth e ?onneoth Eaeath.

Eoae, auoiae y aeaeo aaeeinoaaiii neaaeothuee.

Iaiaaeeaiii ?onneoth ?aeeaeth naeaeaoue ainoaea?noaaiiie a ea-
/anoaa aaeeinoaaiiie eaeaieiaee ia oa??eoi?ee iaoae no?aiu.

Iaiaaeeaiii ia?aciaaoue iiaia aaeeiia nithciia ?onnei-eneai-
neia ainoaea?noai n aeia?iaieueiui aica?aoii a ninoaa ?onneie Ei-
ia?ee anao enoi?e/aneeo oa??eoi?ee.

Iaiaaeeaiii ?aoeoue i?iaeaio ?oeiaiaenoaa iaoae no?aiie a
niioaaonoaee n i?aanoaaiiuie e th?eaee/aneeie o?aaiaaieyie ii-
?aeueiuo ii?i ?onneie aeecie.

Iaiaaeeaiii aa?iooue Eeaao noaoon iaua?onneie noieeoeu.

Iaiaaeeaiii ?aci?aaoue ethaua ioiioaiey n i?anooiiui Caia-
aeii, iio?aaiaaa eiiiainaoeeth ca ?aciauaiiua oai cieioi, iaaeae-
aeeiinoue e iaianaiiue oua?a.

Aeaaeaiee A. I. EAIAeUAA
Eeaa, 1999 a.

CAEETH*AIEA

| I 1 i?iaea ae?ocuey! Iao o/aaiue oeaio? i?iaiaeeo ?aaoey?-
| I | | iua o?aoaeiaaiua eo?nu ii iao/aieth i?ioannee aeiii-
Irij oeca?a e i?ioanneyi ineoieiaa e iannaaeenoa.
u-rJ Iao/aiea aaaeoo e?oiiua o/aiua ie?a. ss i?aiiaeath

—‘ i?aeoeeo e ?acaeoea niiniaiinoae.

A iaoai oeaio?a iiaeii caeacaoue, e iu auoeai ii ii/oa a eth-
aie ai?iae ie?a eo/oea a ie?a eieae ii aeiiico, NE, ineoieiaee,
enoi?ee ?onneiai ia?iaea aei iiaie y?u, iaaeeoeeia, aooio?aieiao,
?acaeoeth naa?oniiniaiinoae e ae?.

Anee au iaiy i?eaeaneoa, oi y auaaeo aeey iao/aiey a aao ai-
?iae, a ethaoth no?aio.

Ia iao/aiea i?eieiathony ana aac eneeth/aiey, iacaaeneii io
aic?anoa, ia?aciaaiey e ee/iuo niiniaiinoae. Ea/anoaaiiia on-
aiaiea iaoa?eaea aa?aioe?oaony.

Ii aii?inai iao/aiey, nio?oaeie/anoaa, i?eaeaoaiey iaiy a
aao ai?iae, aunueee aai iaoeo eiea e o/aaieeia ii cai/iiio iao-
/aieth eee i?inoi aunueea aai iaoeo eiea aeey /oaiey, aai nea-
aeoao ia?auaoueny ii aae?ano:

191186, Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a,
oe. Iaeay Ii?neay, ae. 9, ea. 34.

Aeaae. Eaiaeuaa A. I.
Iao eiioaeoiue, oaeaoii aeey ni?aaie:

(812)219-11-98

Iniaoth aeaaiaea?iinoue y au?aaeath auaeathueiny ?onneei o/a-
iui e ienaoaeyi: TH. A. Ua?aaouo, A. I. Eiiiaaeiao, ?. I. ?i-
ieio e iiiaei nioiyi ae?oaeo caia/aoaeueiuo aaoi?ia, /ueeie ioa-
eeeaoeeyie e eieaaie y ainiieueciaaeny aeey iaienaiey aeaiiie
eieae.

AEaeath iiei /eoaoaeyi e o/aieeai
anaai naiiai aeia?iai!

I?aceaeaio Anaie?iie annioeeaoeee
I?ioanneiiaeueiuo aeiiioeca?ia
i?e THIANEI
Aeaaeaiee A. I. EAIAeUAA
Eeaa, 1999 a.

‘” ! –

.’,
-, –.^

NIAeA?AEAIEA

AAAAeAIEA ………………………………….. 3

*OI OAEIA E?EIEIAEUeIUE AEIIIC……………. 4

INIIAU E?EIEIAEUeIIE INEOIEIAEE …………. 10

INIIAIUA OAIIIAIU
E?EIEIAEUeIIAI AEIIICA……………………. 117

OeUAAINEEE AEIIIC IAssAO …………….. ”……. 120

OAOIEEA E?EIEIAEUeIIAI
INEOIAICAeAENOAEss …………………………. 191

CAUEOA IO IAIAIA E I?ANOOIEAIEE ………….. 330

CAEETH*AIEA ……………………………….. 446

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