Бедняков Д.И. 1991 - Непроцессуальная информация и расследование преступлений (книга)

Aaaeiyeia Ae.E. 1991 – Iai?ioeannoaeueiay eioi?iaoeey e ?anneaaeiaaiea i?anooieaiee

Aaaaeaiea

I?ioeann ia?ano?ieee, i?ienoiaeyuee a iaoai iauanoaa,
iicaieee ii-iiiiio acaeyiooue ia oaeia neiaeiia, i?ioeai-
?a/eaia yaeaiea, eae i?anooiiinoue.

Aeiaiaoe/aneea i?aaenoaaeaiey i oii, /oi i?anooiiinoue
ia i?enoua nioeeaeenoe/aneiio ia?aco aeecie, /oi iia anoue
ianeaaeea ‘noa?iai naa?aiooiai no?iy, naiaia?aciia “?iaee-
iia iyoii i?ioeiai” iinoaiaiii caiauathony ?aaeenoe/a-
neeie acaeyaeaie ia i?anooiiinoue, aa i?e/eiu, no?oeoo?o,
aeeiaieeo e ia?niaeoeau ?acaeoey.

I?iecioei ioeoeeaeueiia i?eciaiea iaee/ey a iaoae
no?aia ‘i?ioanneiiaeueiuo i?anooiieeia, i?aaieciaaiiie
i?anooiiinoe, iaeiiaoe, iaoee.

t Oa?aeoa?enoeea aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaieciaaiiuo i?anooi-
iuo a?oii, i?eaaaeaiiay a ioe?uoie ia/aoe, iieacaea eeoue
|*anoue oie aieueoie iianiinoe, eioi?oth oaeo a naaa i?a-
nooiiinoue, eiay a aeaeo o?iaaiue aa onoie/eainoe e aini?i-
OIcaiaenoaa, iniauaiiinoe, ?acia?ia i?anooiiuo naeaeie, aei-
(oiaeia e a oeaeii oaiaaiai aeaiaaeiiai iai?ioa.

I: Yoiio ai iiiaii niinianoaiaaea aoiinoa?a aeaniinoe,
|eioi?ay caoaaoeea oaeea ?aiaa cae?uoua oaiu, eae noa-
oenoeea i?anooiiinoe, i?aaiecaoeey, oi?iu, iaoiaeu ai?ue-
|au n iae e ?yae ae?oaeo i?iaeai.

A Ia/aei ia?ano?ieee ieacaeinue iauaeoeaii naycaiiui
n ?aceeie eieaaaieyie o?iaiy i?anooiiinoe a no?aia.
Anee a 1985-1986 aiaeao i?iecioei nie?auaiea i?anooi-
iinoe, oi ia/eiay n 1987 aiaea o?iaaiue ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiie
i?anooiiinoe iaoeeiiii ?anoao.

1 Ecaanoii, /oi .a 1988 aiaeo (a n?aaiaiee n 1987) eiee/a-
noai oiuoeaiiuo oaeenoa aic?inei aa 14%, oiuoeaiiuo
[oyaeeeo oaeaniuo iia?aaeaeaiee-ia 31%, ?acaieiuo ia-

iaiie, a?aaaaeae, e?aae ainoaea?noaaiiiai e iauanoa?iii-
1|| eiouanoaa-ia 40%^ (eaaeaeue aeae)”.

Oaiaeaioeey ?inoa i?anooiiinoe nio?aieeanue e a 1989

i,*O.

Oa.e, a I iieoaiaeee 1989 aiaea (ii n?aaiaieth n I iieo-
aiaeeai 1988 aiaea) eiee/anoai oiuoeaiiuo oaeenoa oaa-
ee/eeinue ia 26,8%, oyaeeeo oaeaniuo iia?aaeaeaiee-ia
47,3%, ?acaieiuo iaiaaeaiee-ia 73,4%2. Iauee ?ino ca-
?aaeno?e?iaaiiie i?anooiiinoe ninoaaee 32%3. I?e/ai,
i?iaiicu iieacuaatho, /oi e 1990-1991 aiaeai iiaeii eeoue
noaaeeece?iaaoue ?ino i?anooiiinoe4.

Iaeiia?aiaiii n yoei nieceeny o?iaaiue ?ane?uaaaii-
noe iauaoaieiaiuo i?anooieaiee.

Anee ca aanue 1988 aiae /enei ia?ane?uouo i?anooieaiee
ia i?aauneei 400 oun., oi oieueei a I iieoaiaeee 1989 aiaea
eiee/anoai ia?ane?uouo i?anooieaiee ninoaaeei oaea
350 7905. I?e yoii oaiiu i?e?inoa inoaoea ia?ane?uouo
i?anooieaiee a 3,4 ?aca iia?aaeatho oaiiu ?inoa ca?aaeno-
?e?iaaiiuo6.

N ae?oaie noi?iiu, a oio aea ia?eiae nie?aoeeinue eiee-
/anoai inoaeaeaiiuo ca niaa?oaiiua ‘i?anooieaiey.

Oae, ca aeaayoue ianyoeaa 1988 aiaea /enei inoaeaeaiiuo ca
ooeeaainoai oiaiueoeeinue ia o?aoue, ia /aoaa?oue – ca oe-
uaiey ainoaea?noaaiiiai e iauanoaaiiiai eiouanoaa, ia
10%-ca ia?ooaiey aaciianiinoe aeaeaeaiey o?ainii?oa,
iiaeaeoea oyaeeea iineaaenoaey7.

Iineaaeiaaoaeueii nieaeaeinue (ia/eiay n 1985 aiaea)
/enei inoaeaeaiiuo ca e?aaee ee/iiai eiouanoaa (ni
178,2 oun. a 1985 aei 123,4 oun. a 1987), oiuoeaiiua oaee-
noaa (n 12,6 oun. a 1985 aei 9,9 oun. a 1987)8.

A ?acoeueoaoa iannea eeoe, ioaeaeathueony IB nioeeaeueiie
i?ioeeaeoeea, oaaee/eeny a 1988 aiaeo e ninoaaee aieaa
6 iei. /aeiaae9.

Ianeieueei eiay no?oeoo?a e aeeiaieea i?anooiiinoe
e noa?a yeiiiieee.

Eiee/anoai ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiuo a 1988 aiaeo oeuaiee

‘ Yoa noaoenoeea ioe?uoa aia?aua//Ecaanoey. 1987. 15 oaa?.

2 Ieeeoeey e iauanoai//A?aoiaiou e oaeou. 1989. ? 28.

3 I aoeaa caeiia e aeuoaiee aeecie//I?aaaea, 1989. 17 ethey.

4 Ieeeoeey e iauanoai. Oeac. noaouey.

5 Oai aea.

a I aoeaa caeiia e aeuoaiee aeecie. Oeac. noaouey.

7 I?eaaaeoue a ?aaioa//I?aaaea. 1988. 25 ieo. *

‘ Aineiinoao NNN? niiauaai/A?aoiaiou e oaeou. 1988. ? 46.

8 I aoeaa caeiia e aeuoaiee aeecie. Oeac. noaouey,

ainoaea?noaaiiiai e iauanoaaiiiai eiouanoaa n o/anoeai
aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe, iioaiie/anoaa a ioiioaiee ainoaea?-
noaaiiiai, iauanoaaiiiai eee ee/iiai eiouanoaa oiaiue-
oeeinue ii n?aaiaieth n 1987 aiaeii ii/oe ia 10% (eaae-
aeue aeae)’.

Iineaaeiyy oaiaeaioeey nio?aieeanue e ‘a I iieoaiaeee
E989 aiaea, eiaaea /enei ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiuo oeuaiee aiiaue
.nieceeinue ia 2,6% a n?aaiaiee n I iieoaiaeeai 1987 aiaea2.

Iineaaeiaaoaeueii oiaiueoaeinue eiee/anoai auyaeaiiuo
oaeoia acyoi/ie/anoaa.

Anee a 1986 aiaeo eo /enei ninoaaeei 111,4 oun., oi a
1987 aiaeo-7,8 oun., a 1988 aiaeo-4,9 oun., a a 1989 ai-
‘aeo – 4,2 oun.

Aianoa n oai a noa?a yeiiiieee nio?aiyaony aunieee
o?iaaiue oua?aa io iaaeinoa/, ?ano?ao e oeuaiee, oeene-
?oaiue i?aaiaie noaoenoeee.

Oae, a 1986 aiaeo iauay noiia iioa?ue io iaaeinoa/, oe-
uaiee e ii?/e ninoaaeea 2 ie?ae. 915 iei., a 1987 aiaeo-
oaea 4 ie?ae. 145 iei., a a il988 aiaeo-4 ie?ae. 137 iei.
: Aieueoay /anoue iacaaiiuo iioa?ue auea nienaia ia ca-
o?aou (ecaea?aeee) i?iecaiaenoaa (a 1986 aiaeo-88,7%,
a 1987 aiaeo-85,4%, a 1988 aiaeo-89,4%).

Ia aeiiaiuo eeoe auei ioianaii a 1986 aiaeo- 328 iei.
658 oun. ?oa. (11,3%), a 1987 aiaeo-606 iei. 310 oun.
, (14,6%), a 1988 aiaeo-439 iei. 173 oun. (10,6%) ec ia-
uae noiiu iioa?ue.

Ii/oe iieiaeia iioa?ue (a 1986 aiaeo- 46,5%, a 1987 ai-
aeo-45,4%, a 1988 aeaeo-53,9%), ioianaiiuo ia ecaea?ae-
ee (cao?aou) i?iecaiaenoaa, nienaia i?e ionoonoaee eii-
e?aoiuo aeiiaieeia e naa?o ii?iaoeaia anoanoaaiiie
oauee.

Oiaiueoeeny e ?acia? oua?aa i?enoaeaeaiiiai noaeii e
acuneaieth (n 468 iei. 835 oun. ?oa. a 1987 aiaeo aei 215 iei.
763 oun. ?oa. a 1988 aiaeo).

A ?yaea io?aneae ?acei aic?inee ?acia?u “caaaeaini-
auo noii” (auyaeaiiuo, ii ia acuneaiiuo iaaeinoa/).

Oae, iai?eia?, oieueei a o/?aaeaeaieyo Aeaaeo?i?ooi?aa
a. Ni/e iie oaaee/eeenue a 1988 aiaeo a 6 ?ac ii n?aaiaieth
n 1987 aiaeii, a a o/?aaeaeaieyo oi?aiaee Oaoeaioneie ia-
eanoe (ii aeaiiui Ieioi?aa Ocaaeneie NN?) i?aauneee
1 iei. ?oa.3.

‘ Yoa noaoenoeea ioe?uoa aia?aua. Oeac. noaouey.

2 *anoiue ?acaiai?o/I?aaaea. 1989. 12 ethey.

3 Caeanue e aeaeaa, anee ia iaiai?aii eiia, eniieueciaaiu iaoa?eaeu
aaoi?a.

E oeacaiiie noaoenoeea, o/eouaay aa ianiaa?oainoai,
neaaeoao aeiaaaeoue e aeaiiua e?eieiieiaia i eaoaioiinoe
iaeioi?uo aeaeia i?anooieaiee.

Oae, ii aeaiiui A. Eiiaaa e TH. Auoaaneiai, io ioe-
oeeaeueii ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiuo i?anooieaiee (a neeo ?aciuo
i?e/ei) ne?uoi (eaoaioii) 2% oaeenoa, 27% e?aae ee/ii-
ai eiouanoaa, 85% ecianeeiaaiee, 73% ?acee/iuo oi?i
oeuaiee, io 92 aei 95% oaeoia iaiaia iieoiaoaeae, 98%
oaeoia acyoi/ie/anoaa’1.

Aunie o?iaaiue eaoaioiinoe ea?iaiiuo e?aae, niaeoey-
oeee, iiai?ia2 e iaeioi?uo ae?oaeo aeaeia i?anooieaiee.

Nouanoaaiii eciaieeenue ee/iinoe i?anooiieeia e oa-
?aeoa? eo aeaenoaee.

I?ienoiaeeo iinoaiaiiia iiieiaeaiea i?anooiiinoe.
Oae, eiee/anoai i?anooieaiee, niaa?oaiiuo ianiaa?oaiii-
eaoieie, a 1988 aiaeo aic?inei a aeaa ?aca ii n?aaiaieth
n 1987 aiaeii3, ioia/aaony ?ino aea?ceeo i?anooieaiee (cao-
aao e oaeenoai caeiaeieeia, oaeenoaa ec ‘ei?unoiuo ii-
aoaeaeaiee, aaciioeaiia ‘enoycaiea aea?oa e o. i.).

A noa?a yeiiiie/aneie i?anooiiinoe i?aiaeaaeatho iae-
aieaa iianiua i?aaieciaaiiua aeaeu i?anooieaiee.

I?aeoeea iieacuaaao, iai?eia?, /oi cia/eoaeueiia ei-
ee/anoai oeuaiee ainoaea?noaaiiiai e iauanoaaiiiai eio-
uanoaa-yoi, eae i?aaeei, aeoaiei e ouaoaeueii caianee-
?iaaiiua ‘i?anooieaiey, eioi?ua niaa?oathony ia i?ioy-
aeaiee aeeeoaeueiiai a?aiaie, i?aaieciaaiiuie i?anooiiuie
a?oiiaie n ?ani?aaeaeaieai ?iee eaaeaeiai nio/anoieea.

Ii aeaiiui AOAONN IAAe NNN?, aeiey a?oiiiauo oe-
uaiee n o/anoeai aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe aaeaaiaeii ninoaaeyao
35-40%.

Iianiinoue i?anooieaiee a noa?a yeiiiieee ninoieo
a oii, /oi iie niaa?oathony “iiae auaaneie” caeiiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe ?acee/iuo i?aaei?eyoee, o/?aaeaeaiee, i?aa-
iecaoeee, eeoeaie, aeinoaoi/ii oi?ioi ciathueie niaoeeoe-
eo yoie aeayoaeueiinoe, oiaei eniieuecothueie iaaeinoaoee,
i?in/aou a aa i?aaiecaoeee e naia neoaeaaiia iieiaeaiea
aeey aeinoeaeaiey ei?unoiuo eioa?ania.

1 Auoaaneee TH., Eiiaa A. Eaoaioiay i?anooiiinoue e i?iainic-
iaiea. Iine. 1986. N. 11.

2 Ni., iai?.: Eiaai A., E?eaa? A., Iineiaa I. Iiuo eco/aiey
yooaeoeaiinoe oaieiaii-i?aaiaie ai?ueau n iiai? aie//Nia. ainoaea?-
noai e i?aai. 1987. ? 6. N. 86; Ao?ia A., Uaei/eoei TH, Iiae eiio-
?ieai iaoee//Eeo. aac. 1989. ? 29.

3 I aoeaa caeiia e aeuoaiee aeecie. Oeac. noaouey.

Oaeea eeoea iaeaaeatho niiniaiinoueth e “?aoeeiiaeeca-
oi?noao e ecia?aoaoaeueiinoe” a oeaeyo nie?uoey neaaeia
iiaeaioiaee e niaa?oaiey i?anooieaiee.

I?anooiieee, ii ia?a oneeaiey ai?ueau n ieie, i?eie-
iatho aeiiieieoaeueiua ia?u ii nie?uoeth i?anooieaiee e
ieacaieth i?ioeaiaeaenoaey iia?aoeaiui ?aaioieeai e nea-
aeiaaoaeyi.

Ciay (ec naiuo ?aciuo enoi/ieeia) i neeao, n?aaenoaao
e iaoiaeao ai?ueau n i?anooiiinoueth, iie iuoathony iaia-
?oaeeoue eioa?an e ‘iei ni noi?iiu iia?aoeaiuo ?aaioie-
eia e neaaeiaaoaeae, “eaey ia aeaei”, ouaoaeueii aioiayony,
iaiaeiie?aoii ia?ai?iaa?ythony, no?aiyony auyaeoue a?aiy
e ianoi iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia?ii?eyoee. N oeaeueth ii-
neaaeothuaai oaioaaea i?aaieciauaatho iaaethaeaiea ca ?a-
aioieeaie ieeeoeee, niae?atho eiii?iiaoe?othuea eo ia-
oa?eaeu, i?eaaaatho e oa?icai e i?yiiio ‘ianeeeth.

I?e iauneao ?aaioieeai ieeeoeee i?eoiaeeony ecuiaoue
iiaeneooeaathuea aiia?aou, ?aaeeinoaioeee, iiaouea ?aai-
oaoue ia “ieeeoeaeneie aieia”, aanooiiia iaiano?aeueiia
i?oaeea, eino?oiaiou aeey aceiia e -iuoie, ii?oaoeaiua
aacinaa?i/iua aiia?aou e aeiie?aou, eioi?ua oiauathony
a “aeeieiiaoa”, oioia?aoee e aeaeaieannaou, ia eioi?uo
caniyou ?acoeueoaou iaaethaeaiey i?anooiieeia ca aoaeouae
aea?oaie, e o. i.1.

I oa?aeoa?a “iaoae i?anooiiinoe” naeaeaoaeuenoaoao oa-
eay aeaoaeue.

A NOA i?anooiiay n?aaea eiiea?aioia ninoieo ec cia-
/eoaeueiiai eiee/anoaa auoiaeoeaa ec ?innee, iauaaeeiea-
oeony a i?anooiioth naoue. Ii naeaeaoaeuenoao nio?oaeieeia
OA?, iia ?anoao (a nayce n eeaa?aeecaoeeae niaaoneie ei-
iea?aoeeiiiie iieeoeee) e auno?i i?aauoaao aiciiaeii-
noe ianoiuo e oaaea?aeueiuo i?aaiia iieeoeee ia?aie/e-
aaoue eo aeayoaeueiinoue.

Auoiaeoeu ec ?innee, ii iiaieth neaaeiaaoaeae OA?,
eae i?aaeei, oi?ioi ia?aciaaiu, eiatho iaoe?iua oaoie-
/aneea iaauee, a iaeioi?ua ec ieo i?aaenoaaeytho niaie
eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo oaieiaieeia, oaeueoeaiiiiao/eeia e
iioaiieeia. Iie ioee/athony oiaieai eniieueciaaoue nea-
ainoe aia?eeaineiai iauanoaa, i?aiaa?aaeaieai e aia?e-
eaineie nenoaia oaieiaiiai i?aaa e “oioae?ythony aeaeaoue
aeaiueae ec anaai”: io iieo/aiey iiniaee e e?aaeeoia ii iiae-

1 Ni., iai?.: ?icuneieeo/I?aaaea. 1988. 10 iiya.; Iiaia a iaeaca-
iee ca niaeoeyoeeth//A?aoiaiou e oaeou. 1989. ? 29; Iiae eiio?ieai
iaoee. Oeac. noaouey.

aeaeueiui aeieoiaioai e iiaeiieueiie oi?iaeee N1ae^^1)ae1-Aen
oeuaiee cieioa, a?eeeeaioia, ae?aaioeaiiuo eaiiae, F’y

Oa?aeoa?ii, /oi aaoi?u noaouee ?. Aeoiaioae e N. Ai-
eai, caieiaaoeany enneaaeiaaieai oeacaiiie eaoaai?ee
eiiea?aioneie i?anooiiinoe, iacaaee naie iaoa?eae:

“Aeey ‘ieo iaoa iieeoeey – ia i?ioeaiee”‘.

Ii naeaeaoaeuenoao e?eieiieiaia, a 1970-o – ia/aea
80-o aiaeia, iinea iai?iaeieaeeoaeueiiai niia?ie/anoaa e
‘auyniaiey ioiioaiee, iaiaoeeanue oaiaeaioeey n?aueaaiey
iauaoaieiaiie e yeiiiie/aneie i?anooiiinoe, iiyaeeenue
oaeea ?aiaa iaecaanoiua iaoae i?aaiio?aieoaeueiie
i?aeoeea i?anooieaiey, eae ?yeao, iioeuaiea aeaoae n
oeaeueth aueoia e ae?. I?e/ai, iauaoaieiaiay i?anooiiinoue
oaeoe/anee iiae/eieea naaa i?anooiiinoue a noa?a yeiii-
ieee. Auee au?aaioaiu aeaaea i?eioeeiu acaeiiioiioa-
iee iaaeaeo ieie2.

Ii-aeaeeiiio, yoi naycaii n oai, /oi iauaoaieiaiay
i?anooiiinoue eiaao aieaa aeaaiea e onoie/eaua o?aaeeoeee,
aioeiauanoaaiiua onoaiiaee, i?anooiiua ono?aieaiey, ei-
oi?ua any/anee iiaeaea?aeeaathony ai?aie a caeiia e i?a-
nooiiuie aaoi?eoaoaie. .-

A i?aaieciaaiiuo i?anooiiuo a?oiiao nouanoaotho
naie caeiiu, ii?aeue, ycue, ao?eaoou, o. a. naiaia?aciay
noaeoeueoo?a.

Ecaanoiu .e iniiaiua i?eioeeiu acaeiiioiioaiee ai-
?ia a caeiia n i?anooiieeaie, aeaenoaothueie a noa?a
yeiiiieee (aeaeueoeu, oeaoiaeee, acyoi/ieee e i?i/ea “aeo-
eu” oaiaaiai aeciana). 0;ie i?eaaaeaiu A. E. Ao?iaui e
ninoiyo a neaaeothuai: “Aa?e o oiai, o eiai.anoue /oi a?aoue;

aa?e ia ana, eai oa?iaieth /aeiaaea i?eoiaeeo eiiaoe; aa?e
ia eaaeaeia aeaei ?aaioieea i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia,
eai “ioni? ec ecau ia auianao”3.

A iaeiie ec ai?ianeeo iinoaiiaie, “naeaeaiiuo a ai?i-
aea Niaaoneay Aaaaiue Oaaa?ianeiai oi?aaeaiey” a 1981 ai-
aeo, i?iaicaeaoathony neaaeothuea ai?ianeea i?eioeeiu e

onoaiiaee:

1. Ai?ianeay iinoaiiaea-yoi, i?aaeaea anaai, ni?a-
aaaeeeainoue ai anai io e aei.., /aeiaa/aneia ioiioaiea ae?oa
e ae?oao, i?eioeei – iaeei ca anao e ana ca iaeiiai. Ieeoi
ia ai?aaa a?ineoue /aeiaaea, eoi aeeaao yoie aeeciueth, ie

‘ Nia. eoeueoo?a. 1989. 17 ethiy.

2 Ao?ia A., Uaei/eoei TH. Eaa i?uaioe/oEeo. aac. 1988. 20 ethey;

Aeieaiaa A. Eoi inoaiiaeo “e?anoiuo iooeiaa/I?aaaea. 1989. 25 ethey.

3 Eaa i?uaioe. Oeac. noaouey.

a eaeie aaaea. Aeiea e iaycaiiinoue eaaeaeiai eioa?aniaaoueny
aeeciueth aeeaeiaai, eoi au ii ie aue-ai?, ioaeee eee
o?aa?-e iiii/ue aio oioue ii?aeueii, oioue oece/anee,
anee ii oiai caneoaeeaaao.

2. Ananithciua ai?u a caeiia-yoi ethaee, eioi?uo ‘au-
ae?atho naie ai?u a caeiia,

Ai? a caeiia – yoi /aeiaae /enoie e?enoaeueiie aeooe,
aeeaouee ai?ianeeie caeiiaie e iinayoeaoee naay e
naith aeeciue ai?ianeei eaeayi.

Anaaaea, aacaea e ai .anai, /oi eanaaony iaoae aeecie,
iineaaeiaa neiai ca ai?aie.

3. O?aa?-yoi /aeiaae, ionoaeaathuee eaeae ai?ia, aee-
aouee ai?ianeeie caeiiaie, aeaeathuee /oi a aai neeao
aeey aeaaa a?aoau. O?aa? neaaeeo ca ii?yaeeii, /oiau i;a

auei anaaiciiaeiuo aani?aaeaeia, .aaaeao ca ‘niaie iannu
.ethaeae, o/eo, iauyniyao, ainieouaaao a ?aieao ai?ianeeo
eaeae.

4. Ioaeee-yoi /aeiaae /anoiue, o?oaeiethaeaue, iieio,
ooiaeaiaio iaoae aeecie. Aeiea eaaeaeiai o?aa?a iaa?aaaoue
aai aeeciue, iieie, aeaaiiieo/ea, eai aac ioaeeea ia aoaeao
ie/aai. Ia yoii iaaei iiiieoue aacaea.

5. Anoue e iaeaeaiiua a iaoae aeecie, ii yoi ia aiai-
?eo i oii, /oi ia iai iiaeii acaeeoue. ?ac iu ca ni?aaaae-
eeainoue, oi e a aeecie o ian eaaeaeiio aeieaeii auoue ioaa-
aeaii naia ianoi e naie i?aaa.

O 6. Eio?eaaio1 – naiue iianiue /aeiaae a iaoae aeec-
ie. Aeiea eaaeaeiai i?anaeaoue eiaa?eaaioia ai anai, eai io
ieo eaeao ia oieueei a?aae, ii e aaaea. Iiiieoa, eio?eaaio-
yoi iao a?aa, e iu iai?eie?eiu eae e iei, oae e e oai,
eoi eo ii?aaaeuaaao.

7. Aeey oiai, /oiau ana auei ii ai?ianeei caeiiai, iu
iiiai aeaeaee e aoaeai aeaeaoue. ssnii, /oi ia i?aaeony iai^-
oai e iaoaao ei.

Iu nieioeeenue a aaeeiiiauee e?oa e Ciaainy A?aouey-
ie, o. a. A?aoaie. Aianoa ethaoth aaaeo eaa/a ia?aiineoue,
/ai a iaeeii/eo. Neeie e naaa ieeoi ia oyiao e ia i?e-
ioaeaeaao. Aeaei iaoa aeia?iaieueiia e ia naiiniciaiee.

8. Ii ?aoaieth anao ethaeae iaoaai oi?aaeaiey, ?aoe-
ee niae?aoue oiiae iiiiue ioaeaeathueiny. Ai? neaaeeo ca
/anoiui ?ani?aaeaeaieai anaai, /oi eiaaony a oiiaea, a
anee iao ai?a, oi ioaaonoaaiiue /aeiaae, inoaaeaiiue ai-
?ii e aeaenoaothuee io aai eiaie. Aeiea ethaiai e eaaeaeiai,

1 Caeanue e aeaeaa a ?yaea iano noeeenoeea e i?oia?aoey nio?aia-
iu. – Aao.

i” oaeaeeo iani?aaaaeeeainoue, iinoaaeoue a eo?n D’IIH’TCT-
| eiiai e aiai?eoue i?aaaeo a aeaca. Anee /aeiene i?iiie-

‘iiii eee iioii aoaeao aeoaeaeaoue, oi ii ?anoeaieaaaony eae

eio?iaaio.

9. Cai?auaaony iaaiaeeoue ?acai?u a iao?acaii ninoiy-
iee, aoaeue oi oeo?aiaue eee oeieioue.

10. Ai anao aii?inao iineaaeiaa neiai ca Ai?ii eee ca
O?aa?ii, eioi?ue yaeyaony ioaaonoaaiiui e ianao yoio
a?oc.

Yoi aaeeinoaaiiay iinoaiiaea. Eoi ionooieo io iaa^ iea-
aeaony o ian ia aei?iaa, oio iao a?aa. Eneeth/aiea oieueei
oai, eoi ea n iaie, ii ia eacoo e ia iaoatho iai.

Iiiieoa yoo caiiaaaeue, nayooth caiiaaaeue ai?ianeie ii-
noaiiaee”.

?aniieaaay cia/eoaeueiuie aeaiaaeiuie ‘noiiaie, ii-
eo/aiiuie a ?acoeueoaoa ?yeaoa, “iaeiaeaiey aeaiueth” eii-
ia?aoi?ia, oeaoiaeeia, acyoi/ieeia e ae?oaeo “iiaeiieueiuo
ieeeeiia?ia”, i?aaieciaaiiay i?anooiiinoue iieo/eea aic-
iiaeiinoue aeeyoue ia niaaoneea, ia?oeeiua e i?aaiio?aie-
oaeueiua i?aaiu iooai iiaeeoia eeoe, ?aaioathueo a oea-
caiiuo i?aaiecaoeeyo. Ii aeaiiui AIEE i?ieo?aoo?u,
ia yoe oeaee (ioaeiua caiiee e ?aeiiaiaeaoeee, ooiae io io-
aaonoaaiiinoe, ia?aaea/a nae?aoiie eioi?iaoeee e i?.)
o?aoeony aeaa o?aoe iaa?aaeaiiiai’. A eoiaa iu iieo/eee
oae iacuaaaiua i?anooiiua niiauanoaa, eee (eae iie
iacuaathony a ioaeeoeenoeea) iaoeth, iaeiei ec iniiaiuo
i?eciaeia eioi?ie yaeythony ei??oiie?iaaiiua nayce i?-
aaieciaaiiie i?anooiiinoe n i?aaenoaaeoaeyie niaaoneeo,
ia?oeeiuo e i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia.

Ino?ioa neooaoeee a ai?ueaa n i?anooiiinoueth ieacaeanue
iauaeoeaii naycaiiie n aicieeiiaaieai oae iacuaaaiuo
“iaoeeiiaeueiuo eiioeeeoia” a Caeaaeacuea e Ocaaeenoaia.

Ia?oeeii-iieeoe/aneea ioeaiee, iauyniaiey i?ienoi-
aeyuaai i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuie i?aaiaie iaaeaoniuneaiii
oeacuaatho ia i?yioth naycue niauoee a iacaaiiuo ?aaei-
iao n aeaenoaeyie i?anooiiuo niiauanoa (iaoee).

Iineaaeiea, aeaey aeoeaecaoeeth ai?ueau n ieie e eeoa-
iea eo noa? aeeyiee, i?anooiiuo aeioiaeia, any/anee nii-
nianoaiaaee aicieeiiaaieth e ?acaeoeth iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiuo
eiioeeeoia, niaaaeay yeno?aienoia i?oaeeai, ia?aaeao/e-
eaie, ia?eioeeaie, aeaiueaaie, nie?oiui e o. i.2.

‘ Oeeo. ii: Eaa i?uaioe. Oeac. noaouey.

O. 2 Oa?aaineay ae?aia: aa?nee e oaeou//Oa?aaineay i?aaaea. 1989.
9 ethey.

Aiieia iiiyoii, /oi oaeay neooaoeey a ai?ueaa n i?a-
nooiiinoueth ia niiaea inoaoueny iacaia/aiiie.

I?iaeaiai ai?ueau n i?anooiiinoueth noaei oaeaeyoueny
aieueoa aieiaiey ia?oeeiuie, niaaoneeie i?aaiaie, oe-
?ieeie neiy’ie iauanoaaiiinoe.

A Iinoaiiaeaiee I Nuacaea ia?iaeiuo aeaiooaoia NNN?
“Ia iniiaiuo iai?aaeaieyo aioo?aiiae e aiaoiae iiee-
oeee NNN?” ineaaeaiea aeenoeeieeiu e ioaaonoaaiiinoe,
?ino i?aaiia?ooaiee e i?anooiiinoe a no?aia ioia/ai eae
“/?acau/aeii o?aaiaeiue oaeo”. Oeacaii oaeaea ia e?oi-
iua iaaeinoaoee a ?aaioa i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia a
ai?ueaa n i?aaieciaaiiie i?anooiiinoueth e ei??oioeeae’.

Iaaeaaii?eyoiay neooaoeey a ai?ueaa n i?anooiiinoueth
aucaaea i?eiyoea Aa?oiaiui Niaaoii NNN? iinoaiiaea-
iey “I ?aoeoaeueiii oneeaiee ai?ueau n i?anooiiinoueth”,
aaea i?aaeeiaeai eiiieaen /?acau/aeiuo ia? ii oeo/oa-
ieth ?aaiou i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia2. Aii?inu one-
eaiey ai?ueau n i?aaieciaaiiie i?anooiiinoueth auee i?aae-
iaoii niaoeeaeueiiai ianoaeaeaiey ia II Nuacaea ia?iaeiuo
aeaiooaoia NNN?3.

Ia?a/eneaiiua eciaiaiey a aeeiaieea, no?oeoo?a e oa-
?aeoa?a i?anooiiinoe, anoanoaaiii, eiatho naie i?e/eiu.

1. I?ienoiaeyuay a no?aia ia?ano?ieea IB aieueoae ia?a
cao?iioea iieeoe/aneea e iauanioeeaeueiua i?ioeannu. I?i-
aicaeaoaiu iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey, i?eioeeiu eciaiaiey
yeiiiieee. Iaeiaei noa?a i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey i?aai-
io?aieoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe a neeo i?enouaai ae “caei?i-
aiai eiina?aaoecia” nouanoaaiiuo eciaiaiee (ca iaeioi-
?uie eneeth/aieyie) ia i?aoa?iaea. E yoiio neaaeoao aei-
aaaeoue e i?aeoeeo aacoaea?aeiiai ioaeaaiey aaeieieno?a-
oeaii-eiiaiaeiie nenoaiu. Iainiiaaiiay e?eoeea iineaae-
iae i?eaaea e yeaiaioai aeaci?aaiecaoeee, ianoaaeeueiinoe
a iauanoaa e onoaoaeea (a ecaanoiie ia?a) nouanoaiaaa-
oee i?aaiaie ieaeeeci.

Eia/a aiai?y, neiaeeaoayny a no?aia o?aaiaeiay ne-
ooaoeey a ai?ueaa n i?anooiiinoueth – anoue yeaiaio, iauae-
oeaii i?enouee ia?aoiaeiiio ia?eiaeo.

E?iia oiai, aiaeec aeeiaieee e no?oeoo?u i?anooiii-
noe a eaieoaeenoe/aneeo no?aiao aeaao iniiaaiey aeey nea-
aeothueo auaiaeia:

‘ I?aaaea. 1989. 25 ethiy.

2 Ecaanoey. 1989. 6 aaa.

3 I?aaaea. 1989. 23 aeae.

?ino i?anooiiinoe, iaaiiythuee ii oaiiai ?ino ia-
naeaiey, i?eaiaeeo e oiio, /oi eaaeaeua 10-15 eao /enei
niaa?oaaiuo i?anooieaiee oaeaaeaaaony;

oaaee/eaaaony /enei oyaeeeo i?anooieaiee;

oaaee/eaaaony /enei i?anooieaiee i?ioea ee/iinoe;

?ani?ino?aiythony iiaua oi?iu i?anooiiinoe, ioee-
/athueany iniaie aeanoieinoueth e aea?cinoueth;

i?ienoiaeeo iinoaiaiiia “iiieiaeaiea” i?anooiiiai
ie?a;

nieaeaaony ?ane?uaaaiinoue i?anooieaiee’.

I/aaeaeii, iiaeii ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi eciaiaiea i?anooi-
iinoe a NNN? – anoue ?acoeueoao aeaenoaey eaeeo-oi iauae-
oeaiuo caeiiiia?iinoae, i?enoueo /aeiaa/anoao a oeaeii
(enoiuaiea yia?aaoe/aneeo caiania, oooaeoaiea yeieiae-
/aneie ianoaiiaee, iaecea/eiua aieacie, no?ao ia?aae
yaea?iui eiioeeeoii e o. i.).

2. Ae?oaie i?e/eiie, ii-aeaeeiiio, neaaeoao n/eoaoue ?ac-
eea e ia anaaaea iainiiaaiiua eieaaaiey i?aaiio?aie-
oaeueiie iieeoeee.

Caeanue oianoii i?eaanoe aanueia aieia auneacuaaiea
ecaanoiiai eoaeueyineiai o/aiiai-th?enoa *. Aaea?ea: “Ca-
eiiiaeaoaee, iaioaaiiua inoaeaeaieai ianeieueeeo iaaeiia-
iuo, ia?aa?oaeatho caeiiiaaaeaiea /?acia?iuie oi?iaeue-
iinoyie e eneeth/aieyie, oi/iia eniieiaiea eioi?uo aic-
aaei au ia i?anoie i?aainoaeey aia?oe/aneoth aaciaeacai-
iinoue.

Iaioaaiiua ianeieueeeie oaeaniuie e o?oaeiiaeieacoa-
iuie i?anooieaieyie, iie (caeiiiaeaoaee,-Ae. A.) ni/ee
iaiaoiaeeiui i?aiaa?a/ue oi?iaeueiinoyie, eie aea onoa-
iiaeaiiuie, e i?aa?aoeee, aeaenoaoy i?e yoii oi ec aeanii-
oe/aneiai iaoa?iaiey, oi ec aeaineie ?iainoe, aaaeiia aeaei
i?aainoaeey a eaeoth-oi ea?o, ‘a eioi?ie neo/ae e ieooia-
noai eniieiytho aeaaioth ?ieue”2.

‘ A i?ioeanna e?eoeee i?aaiaie nenoaiu eae /anoe aae-
‘ ieieno?aoeaii-eiiaiaeiie nenoaiu i?iecioei niauaiea
aeoeaioia a iiieiaiee caeiiiinoe.

Ecaanoii, /oi iiiyoea “caeiiiinoue” eiaao aeaa aniaeoa:

iaania/aiea iaioa?aoeiinoe ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca ni-
aa?oaiea i?aaiia?ooaiee;

iaania/aiea i?aa e caeiiiuo eioa?ania a?aaeaeai,
aiaeaeaaiuo a i?aeoo i?aaiio?aieoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe.

‘ Aaeuenii ss. Eioa?iie a ai?ueaa n oaieiaiie i?anooiiinoueth. I.,
1989. N. 19.

2 Aaea?ea *. I i?anooieaieyo e iaeacaieyo. I., 1939. N, 246.

Iaa yoe aniaeoa o?aaotho niciaoaeueiiai o?aaiiaaoeaa-
iey. Ie iaeiiio ec ieo iaeuecy ioaeaaaoue i?aaeii/oaiea. Anee
iineaaeiaa i?ienoiaeeo, oi eeai aeia?o?ioe?othony ooie-
oeee i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia, eioi?ua ia/eiatho aeae-
noaiaaoue ‘aii?aee enoeiiui eioa?anai a?aaeaeai, eeai
(eiaaea eioa?anu i?aaiia?ooeoaeae, ioaao/eeia, naeaeaoa-
eae e ae?oaeo a?aaeaeai, aiaeaeaaiuo a i?aaiio?aieoaeueioth
aeayoaeueiinoue, i?aa?auathony a naiioeaeue) ?iaeaeaaony ao-
iinoa?a anaaeicaieaiiinoe, aaciaeacaiiinoe, aaneiio?ieue-
iinoe, aia?oee e o. ae.

Ia iaiaoiaeeiinoue oaeiai naaeaine?iaaiiiai ioiioa-
iey e iiieiaieth caeiiiinoe i?yii oeacuaaeinue a caeeth-
/eoaeueiii neiaa I. N. Ai?aa/aaa ia ai?aeueneii (1989 a.)
Ieaioia OeE EINN: “N naiiai ia/aea (ia?ano?ieee.-
Ae. A.) iai iaaei auei eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi anyeia ?anoe?a-
iea aeaiie?aoee, aoiaiecaoeey aeecie aeieaeiu eaeoe ia?ae-
eaeueii n aaneiii?iienniie ai?ueaie n i?anooiiuie yea-
iaioaie… Eiio-oi, iiaeao, iieacaeinue, /oi ?acaeoea aeaii-
e?aoee aeieaeii nicaeaaaoue aeey i?anooiieeia aieaa aoiai-
iua oneiaey. Ia naiii aea aeaea. a ?aieao ianoiyuae aea-
iie?aoee i?anooiiui yeaiaioai aeieaeii auoue ai?acaei
‘.ooaea, a a?aaeaeaiai ai?acaei eo/oa. Aio oi?ioea”‘.

Aeey ?anniaeaniaaiey oeacaiiuo aniaeoia caeiiiinoe
“i?eeiaeeee iiiai oneeee” i?aaenoaaeoaee i?annu (iniaai-
ii a 1986-1987 aiaeao) e th?eaee/aneie i?aeoeee. Oae, ia-
i?eia?, 7.01.86 aiaea Aaia?aeueiui i?ieo?i?ii NNN? aue
ecaeai i?eeac ? 2 “Ia oneeaiee i?ieo?i?neiai iaaeci?a
ca iaoeinieoaeueiui niaethaeaieai caeiiiinoe i?e i?eaea-
/aiee a?aaeaeai e oaieiaiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe”, aaea ethaie
neo/ae iacaeiiiiai iaunea, caaea?aeaiey, a?anoa, iaiain-
iiaaiiiai i?eaea/aiey a?aaeaeai e oaieiaiie ioaaonoaai-
iinoe ?anniao?eaaaony eae /?acau/aeiia i?ienoanoaea ni
anaie auoaeathueie ionthaea iineaaenoaeyie.

Ia ia?aue acaeyae, oaeia oeacaiea iiaeii auei au
oieueei i?eaaonoaiaaoue. Iaeiaei i?e aai auiieiaiee auee
aeiiouaiu na?ueaciua aeaoi?iaoeee a ii?aaeaeaiee caeiiii-
noe e iacaeiiiinoe oeacaiiuo aeaenoaee.

Ii/oe eaaeaeue neo/ae iaunea, ia aeaaoee iieiaeeoaeue-
iiai ?acoeueoaoa caaea?aeaiey eee a?anoa n iineaaeothuei
inaiaiaeaeaieai, i?ae?auaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea, ii eioi-
?iio i?aaeuyaeyeinue iaaeiaiea, noae ?anniao?eaaoueny eae
ia?ooaiea caeiiiinoe.

‘ I?aaaea. 1989. 26 ai?.
13

OII

e, eee iieacaei niaoeeaeueii i?iaaaeaiiia aaoi?ii
iiinr, nio?oaeieee i?aaiia aeiciaiey e neaaeiaaoa-
ii.i IH7 i?aaenoaaeoaeae 12 IAAe, OAAe no?aiu)
| (eoi/iiaoueny oeenaoeeae ianoiyoaeuenoa e oaeoia,
iiiliix ia iiaa?oiinoe”, i?eieiaoue i?ioeannoaeueiua
uy oieueei a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea aac yoiai iaeuecy
|iaue, ecaaaaoue iainiiaaiiiai e aeiioneaaiiai caeiiii
I | I, /oi n?aco aea i?eaaei e oiaiueoaieth eiee/anoaa
in e/uuo i?anooieaiee a noa?a yeiiiieee e nieaeaieth
A.e/e?uaaaiinoe iauaoaieiaiuo i?anooieaiee.

O ?aaioieeia i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia iiyaeeny
‘I pax i?eiaiaiey caeiia, aiyciue ?aaeecaoeee aeaiiuo ei
iieiiii/ee.

A eoiaa ca iineaaeiea o?e aiaea /enei caaea?aeaiiuo, a?a-
noiaaiiuo nie?aoeeinue a aeaa ?aca1 (a ?yaea ?aaeiiia a
8-10, a a iaeioi?uo-a 22(!) ?aca), i?e/ai eaaeaeue oa-
noie ec iiaeneaaenoaaiiuo, aoaeo/e ia naiaiaea, aiiaue niaa?-
oee iianiia i?anooieaiea2. Eiaaea aea aeaei aeioei aei ?ac-
eiai iiauoaiey o?iaiy i?anooiiinoe, iauanoaaiiinoue,
i?anna, a ca ieie i?aaiio?aieoaeueiua i?aaiu “eeioeenue
A ae?oaoth e?aeiinoue” e noaee o?aaiaaoue caueou iauano-
aa io i?anooiiinoe3, ii “aeaei e yoiio a?aiaie oaea auei
naeaeaii”.

E /anoe iaeioi?uo i?aaenoaaeoaeae th?eaee/aneie iaoee,
iie aia?aiy ?anniio?aee yoo neooaoeeth, oeacaa ia i?ei-
oeeieaeueioth iaaeiionoeiinoue auoiaea ec iaa iooai oaeanoi-
/aiey iaeacaiey, “?ai?annee aac ?acai?a, ioaaonoaaiii-
noe aac aeieacaiiie aeiu”4.

A nayce n yoei i?eaaaeo aua iaeio iuneue; eioi?ay i?aae-
noaaeyao iniaoth aeooaeueiinoue aeey nia?aiaiiie caeiiiaea-
oaeueiie e i?aaii?eiaieoaeueiie i?aeoeee: “Anee Au acaey-
iaoa ia noaeaeneea oi?iaeueiinoe n oi/ee c?aiey oao ca-
o?oaeiaiee, eioi?ua ano?a/aao a ieo a?aaeaeaiei, aeiaeaath-
ueeny aica?auaiey naiaai eiouanoaa eee iieo/aiey oaeia-
eaoai?aiey ca iaianaiioth aio iaeaeo, oi Au oaeaeeoa,
/oi eo neeoeii iiiai.

Anee Au ?anniio?eoa eo n oi/ee c?aiey eo ioiioaiey
e naiaiaea e aaciianiinoe a?aaeaeai, oi Au ia?aaeei iaeaea-
oa, /oi eo neeoeii iaei, e oaeaeeoa, /oi ana yoe cao?oaeia-
iey, i?iaiei/ee e naiua ioeaee i?aainoaeey yaeythony

1 Ieeeoeey e iauanoai. Oeac. noaouey.

8 I aoeaa caeiia e aeuoaiee aeecie. Oeac. noaouey.

3 Ii/aio iaaeeei?//I?aaaea. 1989. 19 ethiy.

‘ sseiaeaa A. I?anooiiinoue e i?aainoaeea//I?aaaea. 1989. 10 iay.

oie oeaiie, e?oi?ith eaaeaeue a?aaeaeaiei iiea/eaaao naith

naiaiaeo”1. ;

3. E, iaeiiaoe, o?aouey i?e/eia: iaaeinoaoi/iue o?i-
aaiue oaoie/aneiai iaania/aiey, iaoa?eaeueiiai, ii?aeueii-
ai noeioee?iaaiey e i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ianoa?noaa ?a-
aioieeia i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia.

Anai ecaanoiu iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneea oneiaey, a ei-
oi?uo ?aaioatho noaeuee (iniaaiii ieciaiai caaia): ionoono-
aea a ieo yeaiaioa?iuo oneiaee aeey inouanoaeaiey i?a-
ainoaeey; caaeneiinoue noaeia io ianoiuo i?aaiia aeanoe a
?aoaiee auoiauo aii?inia e o. ae.

Ia?eiae ianoaaeeueiinoe i?aaiio?aieoaeueiie aeayoaeueii-
noe, ia?aaeei iaiainiiaaiiua i?aoaicee e noaeueyi, i?ieo-
?i?ai, ?aaioieeai ieeeoeee, ieceay ca?aaioiay ieaoa, io-
noonoaea aeeeuey e o. ae. i?eaaee a iineaaeiea aiae-aeaa e ooi-
aeo ec i?aaiio?aieoaeueiie noa?u iaeaieaa iiaeaioiaeai-
iuo nio?oaeieeia.

I?e ooaa?aeaeaiee ia nannee Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa NNN?
a ethia 1989 aiaea Ieieno? aioo?aiieo aeae NNN? A. A. Aa-
eaoei cayaee, /oi e eiioeo I iieoaiaeey 1989 aiaea ec ie-
eeoeee ia/aeny ianniaue ooiae nio?oaeieeia.

A ?acoeueoaoa a neoaeaa oaieiaiiai ?icunea eeoue 46%
nio?oaeieeia eiaao aunoaa ia?aciaaiea, i?e/ai eaaeaeue
aoi?ie nio?oaeiee ?aaioaao iaiaa 3-o eao2.

Aiaeiae/iay neooaoeey a neoaeaa AONN.

?aceee ?ino i?anooiiinoe, eaae?iaue iaeiiieaeo, i?e-
aea/aiea ?aaioieeia ieeeoeee e io?aiiui ia?ii?eyoeyi
a ianoao eiioeeeoia ‘ia iaoeeiiaeueiie ii/aa i?eaaee e
na?ueaciui ia?aa?oceai. Iaa?ocea ia iia?aoeaiuo ?aaio-
ieeia e neaaeiaaoaeae aic?inea ia 36%3.

A ?yaea ?aaeiiia a ethea 1989 aiaea a i?iecaiaenoaa iae-
iiai neaaeiaaoaey iaoiaeeeinue ii 30-35, a a iaeioi?uo ia-
noao aei 50(!) oaieiaiuo aeae.

Onoaoaeyao i?iaeaio iaoaaoea o?ainii?oa, aaiceia,
n?aaenoa i?aoaoieee, nayce e o. i., /oi yaeyaony neaaenoae-
ai inoaoi/iiai i?eioeeia oeiaine?iaaiey i?aaiio?aie-
oaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe.

Aeinoaoi/ii neacaoue, /oi a NOA cao?aou ia iieeoeeth
ninoaaeytho 100 aeieea?ia, ia eaaeaeiai aeeoaey no?aiu, a o
ian – 8 ?oa.4.

‘ Iiioaneuea O. I aeooa caeiiia. I., 1955. N. 224-221).
Caeii iaycai caueuaoue//I?aaaea. 1989. 19 yia.

3 I aoeaa caeiia e aeuoaiee aeecie. Oeac. noaouey.

4 Ieeeoeey e iauanoai. Oeac. noaouey.

Iacaaiiua oneiaey, i/aaeaeii, nouanoaaiii aeeytho ia
ninoiyiea caeiiiinoe a aeayoaeueiinoe noaea, i?ieo?aoo?u,
ieeeoeee (ia?ooaiea i?ioeannoaeueiuo n?ieia, iacaeiiiua
iaunee, caaea?aeaiea, a?anou, ioeaee i?e i?eaea/aiee .e
ioaaonoaaiiinoe e iacia/aiee iaeacaiey).

?aoaiea iacaaiiuo i?iaeai iio?aaoao, ii-aeaeeiiio,
cia/eoaeueiuo eciaiaiee a aeaenoaothuai caeiiiaeaoaeueno-
aa, nouanoaaiiiai oaaee/aiey cao?ao ia i?aaiio?aieoaeue-
ioth aeayoaeueiinoue.

I?ioeann aeoeaiiai caeiiioai?/anoaa iinea I Nuacaea
ia?iaeiuo aeaiooaoia e eca?aiey Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa NNN?
oaea ia/aeny.

Ecaanoii, /oi aioiayony Iniiau oaieiaiiai caeiiiaea-
oaeuenoaa, Caeii i niaaoneie ieeeoeee, EAA e ?yae ae?oaeo.
Ca ieie, i/aaeaeii, iineaaeotho eciaiaiey i?ioeaaeo?iiai ca-
eiiiaeaoaeuenoaa.

Aianoa n oai i/aaeaeii, /oi caeiiioai?/aneee i?ioeann
ianiaianoei n noaoie e caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaiaaoue ioaeii n ia-
eyaeeie ia aiciiaeiinoue ?ano?niiai iaania/aiey i?eieiaa-
iuo caeiiia.

Ia neo/aeii ia naieo canaaeaieyo a ethea ‘1989 aiaea
/eaiu Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa NNN? au?aaeaee icaai/aiiinoue
eceeoia aeoeaiui, a eiiaaea e iiniaoiui i?eiyoeai ca-
eiiia n oeaeueth ?ac?aoaiey anao aicieeathueo i?iaeai.

Aieueoia eiee/anoai caeiiia, ia iiaee?aieaiiuo iaoa-
?eaeueii e iauanoaaiiui niciaieai, i?eaaaeao e oiio, /oi
/anoue ec ieo ia aoaeao niaethaeaoueny.

A yoie nayce O. Iiioaneuea ienae: “Anoue aeaa ?iaea en-
ii?/aiiinoe: iaeei, eiaaea ia?iae ia niaethaeaao caeiiia;

ae?oaie – eiaaea ii ?aca?auaaony caeiiaie. Iineaaeiee ia-
aeoa iaecea/ei, eai i?e/eia e?iaony a naiii eaea?noaa”1.

Iio?aaoaony, ii-aeaeeiiio, eciaiaiea i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo
no?oeoo? (aaaaeaiea noaea i?enyaeiuo, aeaeaiea ieeeoeee ia
oaaea?aeueioth e ioieoeeiaeueioth, nicaeaiea iiauo iiae?ac-
aeaeaiee a IAAe, EAA, i?ieo?aoo?a, ?anoe?aiea o/anoie-
eia i?aaiio?aieoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe e o. ae.), ?aoaiea
aii?inia iiaeaioiaee th?eaee/aneeo eaae?ia e iiauoaiey eo
i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ianoa?noaa, ei?aiiia eciaiaiea iaoa-
?eaeueii-oaoie/aneiai iaania/aiey i?aaiio?aieoaeueiie aeay-
oaeueiinoe.

Iaeiaei ?aaeecaoeey yoeo iai?aaeaiee iio?aaoao aeee-
oaeueiiai a?aiaie e aieueoeo iaoa?eaeueiuo cao?ao, iiyoi-
io iaiaoiaeeiu ia?u ii noaaeeecaoeee ?inoa i?anooiiinoe

‘ Iiioaneuea O. Oeac. ni/. N. 234,
16

e oaea?aeaieth aa ia iaeneiaeueii ieceii o?iaia oaea na-
aiaeiy, caao?a. .

E caeanue aeaaiia – i?aiaeieaoue oa noa?aioeiu e i?aaeo-
aaaeaeaiey, eioi?ua neiaeeeenue a th?eaee/aneie iaoea e
i?aeoeea a oeaeyo iaeneiaeueii aiciiaeiiai eniieueciaaiey
iioaioeeaea aeaenoaothuaai iaoa?eaeueiiai e i?ioeaaeo?iiai
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa.

Iaeiei ec oaeeo noa?aioeiia yaeyaony, eae i?aaeei, io-
?eoeaoaeueiia ioiioaiea e iaoa?eaeai aeii?iuannoaeueiie
aeayoaeueiinoe.

Ioaee/iia enneaaeiaaiea i?ioeannia ia?eiaea ?ai?annee
iieacaei, eaeoth iaaaoeaioth ?ieue ea?aee iai?ioeannoaeue-
iua (i?aaeaea anaai iia?aoeaii-?icuneiua) iaoa?eaeu a
oaieiaiii i?ioeanna, eioi?ua oaeoe/anee caiaieee i?ioean-
noaeueiue ii?yaeie aeieacuaaiey.

?acaeaeyy iaaaoeaiua ioeaiee oaeie aeayoaeueiinoe, iaeue-
cy a oi aea a?aiy auieaniooue n aiaeie e ?aaaiea.

Ouaoaeueii iiaeaioaaeeaaaiie e eiinie?e?oaiie i?a-
nooiiie aeayoaeueiinoe ‘iaiaoiaeeii ‘i?ioeaiiinoaaeoue eiii-
eaen iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo (i?aeiouanoaaiii iaaeaniuo,
?acaaaeuaaoaeueiuo) ia? e neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee, aac i?i-
aaaeaiey eioi?uo iaaiciiaeii iaania/aiea iaioa?aoeiinoe
ioaaonoaaiiinoe i?anooiieeia, aeaenoaothueo ne?uoi, ca-
ianee?iaaiii.

I?aeoeea iieacuaaao, /oi ?ane?uoue oaeea i?anooiea-
iey, eae oeuaiey, acyoi/ie/anoai, ?yeao, iioaiie/anoai,
niaeoeyoeeth, n iiiiuueth iaeieo oieueei i?ioeannoaeueiuo aeae-
noaee cao?oaeieoaeueii, a eiiaaea e aiana iaaiciiaeii.

IAAe NNN? a naieo ?aoaieyo iinoiyiii oeacuaaao,
/oi iaeiie ec aeaaiuo i?e/ei nouanoaothuaai iaaeaaiii-
eo/iiai iieiaeaiey a ai?ueaa n i?anooiiinoueth yaeythony
iaaeinoaoee a i?aaiecaoeee acaeiiaeaenoaey neaaeiaaoaeae e
i?aaiia aeiciaiey, ieioie iaiai iia?aoeaiie e aeieaca-
oaeuenoaaiiie eioi?iaoeeae iaaeaeo ieie, iaaeinoaoi/ii yo-
oaeoeaiia eniieueciaaiea iia?aoeaiuo iaoa?eaeia i?e
?anneaaeiaaiee i?anooieaiee, iaoaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiia iia?a-
/oii-?icuneiia iaania/aiea ?anneaaeiaaiey. I?e yoii
“ain/aaony, /oi eeoue oe?ieia eniieueciaaiea iia?aoeaii-
|o:i>1neiuo aiciiaeiinoae, naiaa?aiaiiia ecaauaiea
1 .’e-aeiaaoaeae i iieo/aiiuo aeaiiuo, niaeaniaaiiia ieaie-
thiaiea e i?iaaaeaiea neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee e iia?aoeaii-
I./uneeuo ia?ii?eyoee iiaeao ?acei iiauneoue yooaeoea-
THnoue aeayoaeueiinoe ii ai?ueaa n i?anooiiinoueth.

1 .’a

|.i

N- ae?oaie noi?iiu, iaiaoiaeeiu e aa?aioee io iaiain-
niutiiinoro aiaoaoaeuenoaa iia?aoeaiuo ?aaioieeia a ee/-

e naiaiaeu a?aaeaeai n oai, /oiau iai?ioean-
oieueiay aeayoaeueiinoue ia i?aa?aoeeanue a no??iaao oi-
| eoiai i?ioeanna.

Iaaei neacaoue, /oi i?iaeaiu caeiiiinoe iai?ioeannoaeue-
eie aeayoaeueiinoe ?aiaa inaauaeenue i?aeiouanoaaiii a
enaeiinoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?a, a iaeioi?ay eo /anoue (niioii-
oaiea iia?aoeaii-?icuneiie aeayoaeueiinoe e i?ioeanna aei-
i|cuaaiey, ianoi i?aaiia aeiciaiey a ?ane?uoee i?anooi-
eni.ee, aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiia cia/aiea iai?ioeannoaeueiuo ia-
oa?eaeia) – a o?oaeao oaeeo o/aiuo-e?eieiaeenoia, eae
I1. N. Aaeeei, A. ss. Aei?ioia, A. I. Ieiueeianeee, A. I. Ea-
?ei, A. E. Aeiaa?a, E. I. Ea?iaaaa e ae?.

I?e/ai niaeo? iiaiee, iai?eia?, ii aii?ino i aeiea-
caoaeuenoaaiiii cia/aiee iai?ioeannoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia,
aanueia oe?ie: io aaciaiai?i/iiai io?eoeaiey aiciiaeii-
noe eo eniieueciaaiey a ea/anoaa aeieacaoaeuenoa aei i?ec-
iaiey ca ieie noaoona enoi/ieeia aeieacaoaeuenoa.

Oeacaiiia iieiaeaiea, neiaeeaoaany a th?eaee/aneie iao-
ea, i?eaaei e ?acii/oaieyi caeiia ia i?aeoeea.

Aaoi?o ecaanoiu aaeeie/iua neo/ae i?eciaiey ca iia-
?aoeaii-?icuneiuie iaoa?eaeaie noaoona enoi/ieeia aei-
eacaoaeuenoa a noaeaaiii ?acae?aoaeuenoaa (i ieo iieaeao
?a/ue a aeaeueiaeoai) ia?yaeo n iieiui io?eoeaieai iai?i-
oeannoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia.

Iaiaoiaeeiinoue ?aoaiey oeacaiiuo aii?inia noaiiaeo-
ny aua aieaa aeooaeueiie a oneiaeyo aicieeiiaaiey th?e-
aee/aneeo eiiia?aoeaia, /anoiuo nuneiuo ath?i’. Iaiaoi-
aeeii, ii-aeaeeiiio, aoaeao ii?aaeaeeoue eo iieiaeaiea a
no?oeoo?a i?aaiia thnoeoeee e, /oi aeaaiia, – i?ioeannoaeue-
iue noaoon iaoa?eaeia, eioi?ua iie ‘aoaeoo niae?aoue i
i?anooieaieyo e i?anooiieeao.

Caeanue aicieeaao i?iaeaia, eioi?ay a naiii iauai ae-
aea iiaeao auoue noi?ioee?iaaia neaaeothuei ia?acii: eae
n oi/ee c?aiey oaieiaai-i?ioeannoaeueiiai caeiia, o?aaiaa-
iee iia?aoeaiie e neaaenoaaiii-noaeaaiie i?aeoeee iaeai-
eaa i?aaeeueii eniieueciaaoue iai?ioeannoaeueioth eioi?ia-
oeeth e eaeea oi?iu e iai?aaeaiey oaeiai eniieueciaaiey
iaa?aaioaea i?aeoeea ?ane?uoey e ?anneaaeiaaiey i?anooi-
eaiee, ianeieueei iie niioaaonoaotho o?aaiaaieyi oaieiaii-
i?ioennnoaeueiiai caeiia, iieiaeaieyi iaoee oaieiaiiai
i?ioeanna, e?eieiaeenoeee, ineoieiaee, oai?ee oi?aaeaiey,
iia?aoeaii-?icuneiie aeayoaeueiinoe.

I/aaeaeii, /oi yoa i?iaeaia eiaao aeaa aniaeoa:

‘ “Aeaen” aa?ao neaae//Eeo. aac. 1989. ? 27.
18

a) oai?aoe/aneee, eioi?ue caeeth/aaony a ii?aaeaeaiee
aiinaieiae/aneeo noiaenoa e i?ioeannoaeueiuo ?acee/ee ia-
i?ioeainoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee e aeieacaoaeuenoa, auyniaiee
niioiioaiey n?aaenoa aeieacuaaiey e enoi/ieeia aeieaca-
oaeuenoa, ii?aaeaeaiee cia/aiey iineaaeieo aeey ?aca?aie/a-
iey i?ioeannoaeueiuo e iai?ioeannoaeueiuo aeaiiuo;

a) i?aeoe/aneee, nooue eioi?iai ninoieo a eeanneoeea-
oeee nouanoaothueo ia i?aeoeea niiniaia i?aia?aciaaiey
iai?ioeannoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia a enoi/ieee, aeieacaoaeuenoa,
ii?aaeaeaiee iai?aaeaiee eniieueciaaiey oaeie eioi?ia-
oeee a oaeoeea neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee e i?eiyoee ?yaea i?i-
oeannoaeueiuo ?aoaiee, auyaeaiee a i?aeoeea iaaeinoaoeia
e ioeaie n oeaeueth oi?ie?iaaiey i?aaeeiaeaiee ii eo ono-
?aiaieth.

A nayce n yoei iauaeoii aiaeeca a ianoiyuae ?aaioa
aoaeao aeayoaeueiinoue ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia (i?aaeaea ana-
ai i?aaiia aeiciaiey e neaaenoaey), iauanoaaiiuo i?aaie-
caoeee e a?aaeaeai, a eioi?ie iaoiaeeo io?aaeaiea:

a) aicieeiiaaiea iai?ioeannoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee;

a) aa cae?aieaiea (aeieoiaioe?iaaiea) iai?ioeannoaeue-
iui iooai;

a) ia?aaea/a iai?ioeannoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia noauaeoai
aeieacuaaiey;

a) i?eiauaiea eo e oaieiaiiio aeaeo;

ae) i?iaaaeaiea noauaeoaie aeieacuaaiey i?ioeannoaeue-
iuo aeaenoaee, iai?aaeaiiuo ia ii?aaeaeaiea ioiineiinoe
e aeinoiaa?iinoe eioi?iaoeee, iieo/aiiie iai?ioeannoaeue-
iui iooai;

a) eniieueciaaiea iai?ioeannoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee.

Niioaaonoaaiii yoiio auaeaeythony e caaea/e enneaaeiaa-
eey:

ii?aaeaeaiea iiiaioa aicieeiiaaiey iai?ioeannoaeue-
iie eioi?iaoeee, oneiaee e ianoiyoaeuenoa aa oi?ie?iaa-
iey, n?aaenoa e iaoiaeia iaia?oaeaiey iauaeoia-iineoaeae
iai?ioeannoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee, niioiioaiea iai?ioeanno-
aeueiie eioi?iaoeee e aeieacaoaeuenoa;

onoaiiaeaiea niiniaia cae?aieaiey (aeieoiaioe?i-
aaiey) iai?ioeannoaeueiuo aeaiiuo eeoeaie, ia ioiinyueie-
ny e /eneo noauaeoia aeieacuaaiey (i?aaei?ioeannoaeueiay
aeayoaeueiinoue), niioiioaiea iia?aoeaii-?icuneiiai aeieo-
iaioe?iaaiey e oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueeiai aeieacuaaiey,
ii?aaeaeaiea ia?a/iy iao/ii-oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa, i?eia-
iyaiuo aeey cae?aieaiey (aeieoiaioe?iaaiey) iai?ioeanno-
aeueiuo aeaiiuo n oi/ee c?aiey eo aeiionoeiinoe e aeinoi-
aa?iinoe iieo/aaiuo ?acoeueoaoia;

A 19

ipi’ni’noniie iauaia iia?aoeaiuo iaoa?eaeia, n ei-
aI?uioe iiaeao auoue iciaeiieai neaaeiaaoaeue, e e?oaa ia-
i^eeeie, eioi?ua iiaoo auoue aio ia?aaeaiu;

.’oaee;) o?aaiaaiee oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiiai caeiia,
i?aaeuyaeyaiuo e neo/ayi aiaea/aiey a oaieiaiue i?i-
oeann oai?ioeannoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia, eco/aiea i?aeoeee
i?eiauaiey enoi/ieeia oaeie eioi?iaoeee e oaieiaiiio
aeaeo;

iainiiaaiea aiciiaeiinoe aeieacuaaiey oiaeaeanoaa,
ieioy iin?aaenoaothuea caaiuey a oi?ie?iaaiee aeieaca-
oaeuenoa;

onoaiiaeaiea iniaaiiinoae ioeaiee iai?iI.annoaeueiie
eioi?iaoeee a caaeneiinoe io a? aeaeia, niiniaia e noauae-
oia iieo/aiey.

?anniio?aieth ia?a/eneaiiuo aii?inia e iinayuaia
ianoiyuay ?aaioa.

Aaoi? au?aaeaao na?aea/ioth i?eciaoaeueiinoue caneoaeai-
iiio aeayoaeth iaoee ?NON?, aeieoi?o th?eaee/aneeo iaoe,
i?ioanni?o E. I. Ea?iaaaie, ?aoeaicaioo – aeieoi?o th?e-
aee/aneeo iaoe, i?ioanni?o A. E. Neieeiao e nio?oaeieeai
ioaeaea i?iaeai i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai neaaenoaey AIEE IAAe
NNN?, /uee iiaeaeaiey e caia/aiey ii no?oeoo?a e niaea?-
aeaieth ?aaiou auee n aeaaiaea?iinoueth i?eiyou.

Aeaaa

EIOI?IAOeEss, IOIINssUAssNss E I?ANOOIEAIETH:

I?AAeIINUEEE IAUIINOE E E?EOA?EE ?ACA?AIE*AIEss

c 1. OAI?Ess IO?AAEAIEss

EAE IAOIAeIEIAE*ANEAss INIIAA AAeEINOAA

I?IOeANNOAEUeIIE E IAI?IOeANNOAEUeIIE

EIOI?IAOeEE

?anniio?aiea aii?inia, iacaaiiuo ai aaaaeaiee, i/aaeaeii,
iaiaoiaeeii ia/aoue n aiaeeca anoanoaaiii-iao/iie i?e?i-
aeu eioi?iaoeee (a o. /. e eioi?iaoeee, ioiinyuaeny e
i?anooieaieth).

Oa?iei “eioi?iaoeey” (io eaoeineiai informatio-
?acuyniaiea, eceiaeaiea) aiciee a nioeeaeueiie n?aaea e
ia?aiia/aeueii i?eiaiyeny aeey iaicia/aiey naaaeaiee, ia-
?aaeaaaaiuo iaeieie ethaeueie ae?oaei onoiui, ienueiaiiui
eee eiui niiniaii.

?acaeoea e oneiaeiaiea eioi?iaoeeiiiuo i?ioeannia
aucaaei aeoeaecaoeeth ‘iao/iiai eioa?ana e eaoaai?ee “ei-
oi?iaoeey” e i?eaaei e iaiaoiaeeiinoe eco/aiey aa niaea?-
aeaiey.

A nayce n yoei iaeei ec iniiaaoaeae nia?aiaiiie eeaa?-
iaoeee I. Aeia? ienae: “Eioi?iaoeey-yoi iaicia/aiea
niaea?aeaiey, iieo/aiiiai ec aiaoiaai ie?a a i?ioeanna ia-
oaai i?eniiniaeaiey e iaio e i?eniiniaeaiey e iaio ia-
oeo /oanoa. I?ioeann iieo/aiey e eniieueciaaiey eioi?ia-
oeee yaeyaony i?ioeannii iaoaai i?eniiniaeaiey e neo/ae-
iinoyi aiaoiae n?aaeu e iaoae aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe a yoie
n?aaea”11.

Aieueoeinoai o/aiuo, enneaaeoy nouiinoue eioi?iaoeee,
enoiaeeee, ai-ia?auo, ec caeiiia iaoa?eaeenoe/aneie aeea-
eaeoeee, a ai-aoi?uo – ec aaaaeaiiie A. E. Eaieiui oe-
einioneie eaoaai?ee io?aaeaiey2.

‘ Aeia? I. Eeaa?iaoeea e iauanoai. I., 1958. N. 31.
2 Aoaianueaa A. A. Nioeeaeueiay eioi?iaoeey e oi?aaeaiea iauano-
aii.. I., 1975; Aa?a A. E. Eioi?iaoeey e oi?aaeaiea. I., 1966; Ca-
iai E. Iiciaiea e eioi?iaoeey. I., 1966; Iiaee E. A. Eeaa?iaoeea.

(o?inai enneaaeiaaiey eioi?iaoeee n iiceoeee oai?ee
“‘A?a/1e’iiy aue iinayuai ??ae nai?ieeia’.

Ii ni?aaaaeeeaiio iiaieth A. Ae. O?noea, eaoaai?ey io’
?aaeaeey ieacaeanue oai eeth/ii, eioi?ue iicaieee ioe?uoue
oaeio i?e?iaeu eioi?iaoeee. Eiaiii yoa oeeinioneay ea-
oaai?ey ieacaeanue iaoiaeieiae/anee ieiaeioai?iie aeey i?i-
ieeiiaaiey a aa nouiinoue2.

I?e ?anniio?aiee iiiyoey eioi?iaoeee neaaeoao o/e-
ouaaoue, /oi i?iaeaia io?aaeaiey oanii naycaia n oaeeie
oeeinioneeie iiiyoeyie, eae aeaeaeaiea, i?ino?ainoai e
a?aiy, a oaeaea n iniiaiui aii?inii oeeinioee i ia?ae/-
iinoe iaoa?ee e noi?e/iinoe niciaiey.

?yae o/aiuo a nayce n yoei n/eoatho eioi?iaoeeth ana-
iauei ao?eaooeaiui naienoaii aeaeaeouaeny iaoa?ee e
ii?aaeaeytho aa eae io?aaeaiiia ?aciiia?acea.

Oae, O. I. Oa?anaiei iieaaae, /oi io?aaeaiea e ei-
oi?iaoeey “yaeythony ?acee/iuie aano?aeoeeyie iaeiiai e
oiai aea naienoaa iaoa?ee”3.

“I?iiaaeooi/iia” iiaiea auneacae A. Ae. O?noe. Ii
ienae, /oi nouanoaoao eioi?iaoeey iaeeaa?iaoe/aneay (a
anoanoaaiiie iai?aaie/aneie i?e?iaea) e eeaa?iaoe/aneay
(a aeeaie i?e?iaea, iauanoaa e eeaa?iaoe/aneeo ono?ieno-
aao), /oi niioaaonoaoao aeaoi oi?iai io?aaeaiey. I?e yoii
iaeeaa?iaoe/aneea aeaeu eioi?iaoeee yaeythony naiaai ?iaea
nu?ueai aeey nouanoaiaaiey yoeo nenoai4.

Ia?yaeo n yoei a oeeinioneie eeoa?aoo?a nouanoaoao
iiaiea, /oi eaoaai?ey “eioi?iaoeey” i?eiaieia oieueei
i?e ?anniio?aiee i?ioeannia oi?aaeaiey. A nayce n yoei
ecaanoiue aieaa?neee o/aiue O. Ae. Iaaeia ienae, /oi
eioi?iaoeey aicieeaao ia ii?aaeaeaiiii o?iaia i?aaieca-
oeee iaoa?ee i?e iaee/ee i?ioeannia oi?aaeaiey. Ec yoiai
ii naeaeae auaiae, /oi eioi?iaoeey nouanoaoao oieueei a
aunieii?aaieciaaiiuo nenoaiao, eaeeie yaeythony /aei-
Oeeinioneea e nioeeieiae/aneea i?iaeaiu. I., 1963; Othooei A. N.
Oai?ey io?aaeaiey a naaoa nia?aiaiiie iaoee. I., 1971; O?noe A. Ae.
I?e?iaea eioi?iaoeee. Oeeinioneee i/a?e. I., 1968.

‘ Ni., iai?., Eaieineay oai?ey io?aaeaiey e nia?aiaiiay iaoea,
Nioey, 1969; Eaieineay oai?ey io?aaeaiey e nia?aiaiiay iaoea. Ni-
oey, 1973; Yenia?eiaio, iiaeaeue, oai?ey. Iineaa-Aa?eei, 1982 e ae?.

2 O?noe A. Ae. Io?aaeaiea e eioi?iaoeey. I., 1973. N. 114.

3 Oa?anaiei O. I. E ii?aaeaeaieth iiiyoey “eioi?iaoeey” a ee-
aa?iaoeea//Aii?inu oeeinioee. 1963. ? 3. N. 80.

4 O?noe A. Ae. Io?aaeaiea, eioi?iaoeey, oi?aaeaiea. A ei. Eaiei-
neay oai?ey io?aaeaiey e nia?aiaiiay iaoea. Nioey, 1973. N. 294.

22 .

aae, aeeaioiua, eeaa?iaoe/aneea ono?ienoaa, iiaeaee?oth-
uea a ii?aaeaeaiiie ia?a aeayoaeueiinoue /aeiaaea’.

Aua aieaa eaoaai?e/ii yoa iuneue auea auneacaia
A. N. Oe?aeioeaaui e A. A. Ieaoiiiaui: “A iaaeeaie i?e-
?iaea eiatho ianoi i?ioeannu yeaiaioa?iiai io?aaeaiey, ii
oai iao i?ioeannia oi?aaeaiey, e neaaeiaaoaeueii, – ei-
oi?iaoeee, eioi?iaoeeiiiuo i?ioeannia”2.

Aianoa n oai, i?aaei?eieiathony iiiuoee ?anniao?e-
aaoue eioi?iaoeeth n aeneieiae/aneeo (oeaiiinoiuo), iaoa-
iaoe/aneeo, aeai?eoie/aneeo e ae?oaeo iiceoeee eae eiee-
/anoaaiioth ia?o ono?aiaiey iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe (yio?iiee).
ia?o i?aaiecaoeee nenoaiu3.

Iniaue eioa?an e i?iaeaiai iieo/aiey, ia?aaea/e, ni-
o?aiaiey e eniieueciaaiey eioi?iaoeee aiciee n ?acaeoe-
ai eiiiuethoa?iie oaoieee, oaeaeiiioieeaoeee, n?aaenoa e
nenoai nayce.

Caiaaeiua o/aiua, i?iaiice?oy ?acaeoea iauanoaa iiae
aicaeaenoaeai eiiiuethoa?iuo oaoiieiaee, n/eoatho, /oi ia-
nooiaao iinoeiaeono?eaeueiia eee eioi?iaoeeiiiia iauano-
ai, aaea eioi?iaoeey e ciaiey noaioo ?aoathueie ia?a-
iaiiuie (a ioee/ea io oaeeo ia?aiaiiuo, eae o?oae e ea-
ieoae a eiaeono?eaeueiii iauanoaa), eioi?ua nouanoaaiii
eciaiyo oaoiieiae/aneea i?ioeannu i?iecaiaenoaa, i?eiyoea
iieeoe/aneeo ?aoaiee, nioeeaeueioth noa?o e /anoioth
aeeciue4.

A i?iiuoeaiii ?acaeouo no?aiao n aiaae?aieai eii-
iuethoa?iie oaoieee iinoiyiii oaaee/eaaaony aeiey eeoe,
eiathueo aeaei n “eioi?iaoeeae, a ia n aauaie”. Oae, a
NOA a 1967 aiaeo /enei eeoe, caiyouo a iaeaieaa aaoiia-

oece?iaaiiii naeoi?a yeiiiieee – aaieianeii aeaea -O
ninoaaeei 63% (ca 100% i?eiyou iieacaoaee 1977 aiaea),
a 1970 aiaeo-oaea 76%, a 1975-84%, a a 1980 aiaeo-
E6%5. Ia io?aaioeo eioi?iaoeee a 1982 aiaeo (ii aeaiiui
I. A. No?anniaia) a NOA auei cao?a/aii aieaa 63%
?aai/eo aeiae, i?e/ai oaaee/aiea /eneaiiinoe ?aaioathueo

‘ Iaaeia O. Ae. Eioi?iaoeey, io?aaeaiea, oai?/anoai. – A ei. Ea-
ieineay oai?ey io?aaeaiey e nia?aiaiiay iaoea. I., 1966. N. 149-197.

2 Oe?aeioeaa A. N., Ieaoiiia A. A. I?iaeaiu io?aaeaiey a naaoa
nia?aiaiiie iaoee. Oai aea. N. 202-211.

3 Neiaa?ue eiino?aiiuo neia. I., 1982. N. 201; Eaieineay oai?ey
io?aaeaiey e nia?aiaiiay iaoea. Iineaa-Nioey, 1973. O. 1. N. 311.

4 Iiaay oaoiie?aoe/aneay aieia ia Caiaaea. I.., 1986. N. 316-355.
6 No?anniai I. A. Eioi?iaoeey a aae yeaeo?iieee. I., 1987. N. 28.

i noa?a eioi?iaoeeiiiuo i?ioeannia eiaao oaiaeaioeeth e
linriyi.

I Io iiaieth TH. I. Aaoo?eia, “io ?acaeaeaiey ooieoeee
/neiiaea e YAI eiiiuethoa?ecaoeey aieioioth iiaeaiaeeo ian
e iiaiio aeaeo-homo informaticus (eioi?iaoeeiiiue /a-
eiiae), a cia/eoaeueii aieueoae noaiaie anooiathuaio a
eioi?iaoeeiiiua ioiioaiey e iaeaaeathuaio naiaia?aciie
eioi?iaoeeiiiie ineoieiaeae”2.

?acaeoea eioi?iaoeeiiiuo nenoai a iaoae no?aia aa-
aeao, i/aaeaeii, e oaeei aea eciaiaieyi a no?oeoo?a caiy-
oinoe e ?ani?aaeaeaieth ?aai/aai a?aiaie.

Iacaaiiua ianoiyoaeuenoaa oeacuaatho ia aaaeiinoue en-
neaaeiaaiey nouiinoe, i?e?iaeu eioi?iaoeee, iaoiaeieiae-
/aneeo iniia aa ‘iieo/aiey e eniieueciaaiey.

Auneacaa i?aaeiieiaeaiea, /oi a ooiaeaiaioa naiiai
caeaiey iaoa?ee nouanoaoao naienoai, aanueia noiaeiia, n
iuouaieai, A. E. Eaiei iinoaaee ia?aae iaoeie caaea/o
?ane?uoue, eae yoa caaaaei/iay niiniaiinoue e io?aaeaieth a
iaaeeaie i?e?iaea o?ainoi?ie?iaaeanue a i?ioeanna aeeeoaeue-
iiai ?acaeoey a aeeaie i?e?iaea a naienoai iuouaiey3.

Aaconeiaii, /oi ‘i?ioeannu io?aaeaiey, eae ?acoeueoao
i?enouaai anae iaoa?ee acaeiiaeaenoaey, nouanoaotho ia
anao nooiaiyo ?acaeoey iaoa?eaeueiiai ie?a.

A iaaeeaie i?e?iaea ?acoeueoaoii acaeiiaeaenoaey yaey-
thony neaaeu (eciaiaiey, ioia/aoee), .iiieiaaiua eae oa-
eoaeaiea, ciae, iaoea io iaaeaaeeaaiey, i?eeiniiaaiey,
oea?aiaiee, nio?aieaoayny, ooeaeaaoay /anoue, inoaoie /a-
ai-ieaoaeue, eciaiaiea oece/aneiai, oeie/aneiai eeai aei-
eiae/aneiai no?iaiey e ninoaaa aauanoaa-(i?aaeiaoa).

Eacaeinue au, ia ia?aue acaeyae oaeie aea oa?aeoa? eia-
ao e io?aaeaiea ia o?iaia niciaiey, o. e. “io anyeiai ?ac-
ae?aaeeoaey a ia?aiie nenoaia inoaaony iaeioi?ia a?aiy
neaae, ai anao ioaeaeao ia?aiie nenoaiu iu noaeeeaaainy
n yaeaieai iineaaenoaey”4.

Iaeiaei anee a iaaeeaie i?e?iaea io?aaeaiea ia?aie/e-
aaaony ia?aciaaieai neaaeia (eciaiaiee, ioia/aoeia), oi
eaeaaeueiia io?aaeaiea (io?aaeaiea ia o?iaia niciaiey)
oa?aeoa?ecoaony aeoeaiinoueth, oeaeaiai?aaeaiiinoueth aeae-

” No?anniai I. A. Oeac. ?aaioa. IAe 1987. N. 27.

2 Aaoo?ei TH. I. Eioi?iaoecaoeey iauanoaa, i?aai e /aeiaae.
A ei O Aeeyiea iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna ia th?eaee/aneoth aeeciue.
IAe 1988. N. 88.

3 Aoaianueaa A. A. Nioeeaeueiay eioi?iaoeey e oi?aaeaiea iaua-
noaii. I., 1975. N. 25-27.

4 Iaaeia E. I. Iiee. nia?. ni/. I., 1959. O. 4. N. 55.

noaee iiciathuaai noauaeoa, aeeth/aieai ?acoeueoaoia io-
?aaeaiey a aeaeueiaeooth aeayoaeueiinoue.

I?e aicaeaenoaee iaoa?eaeueiuo iauaeoia (?acae?aaee-
oaeae) ia i?aaoeu /oanoa a niciaiee /aeiaaea oi?ie?oao-
ny ia?ac yoeo iauaeoia (eaeaaeueiay iiaeaeue), eioi?ue eean-
neoeoee?oaony iiciathuei ,n iiiiuueth oaeeo au?aaioai-
iuo ouny/aeaoiae i?aeoeeie /aeiaa/anoaa eiae/aneeo ea-
oaai?ee, eae ciae e iiiyoea, ii?aaeaeaiiay niaieoiiinoue
eioi?uo aeaao iniiaaiey aeey noaeaeaiee, oiicaeeth/aiee,
aeiioac e i?.

Oi?ie?iaaiea oaeiai ia?aca i?aaeiieaaaao eniieueciaa-
iea eiathuaainy o noauaeoa iiuoa a aeaea neiaeeaoeony
noai, yoaeiiia. Ii iiciaiea ia ia?aie/eaaaony oieueei
aeeth/aieai i?ioeiai, o. e. niciaiea /aeiaaea anaaaea
iiin?aaeoaony oeaeyie, o. a. ia?acii aoaeouaai.

I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi iiae/a?eeaay naiinoiyoaeueiue oa-
?aeoa? ioia?aaeaiey, aiciiaeiinoue auaeaeaiey ?acoeueoaoia
io?aaeaiey e eo naiinoiyoaeueiiai nouanoaiaaiey, A. E. Ea-
iei enoiaeee ec aaeeinoaa ia?aca, ciaea, ‘iiiyoey, au?a-
aeathueo ciaiea ia iauaeoeaiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe’.

Ii iiaieth A. I. Ei?ooiiaa e A. A. Iaioaiiaa, ii-
iyoey ia?aca e ciaea yaeythony noai?aeeie?iaaiiuie ii-
ayoeyie, a ia i?inoi acaeiinaycaiiuie, eai iniiaaieai
caeanue aunooiaao ia?ac, eioi?ue, a naith i/a?aaeue, iaoiaeeo
au?aaeaiea /a?ac ciaeiaua n?aaenoaa2.

Oaeei ia?acii, eioi?iaoeey, iieo/aiiay noauaeoii a
?acoeueoaoa aai acaeiiaeaenoaey n iauaeoeaiui ie?ii, anoue
?acoeueoao io?aaeaiey, anoue naaaeaiey, ciaiey ia iauaeoea-
iie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Ae?oaeie neiaaie, eioi?iaoeey anoue
ia?acii-ciaeiaay iiaeaeue iauaeoeaiiai ie?a. Aeiaaaei e
yoiio-ia oieueei ia?acii-ciaeiaay, ii e ia?acii-iiiy-
oeeiay iiaeaeue, o. e. ciae, aoaeo/e niaoeeoe/aneie ?acii-
aeaeiinoueth neaiaea, eniieuecoaony oieueei a ycueiaii ia-
uaiee iaaeaeo ethaeueie e, a eiia/iii eoiaa, i?eiaiyaony
aeey eeanneoeeaoeee ia?acia e au?aaeaiey eo n iiiiuueth
iiiyoee, noaeaeaiee, oiicaeeth/aiee. Eioi?iaoeey i?e yoii
i?aaenoaaeyaony a aeaea ia?anoi?aeeiiai aaeeinoaa ia?aca,
ciaea, iiiyoey.

Iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue, /oi e iuneeo eaaeaeue /aeiaae
n iiiiuueth oao aea ia?acii-ciaeiauo, ia?acii-iiiyoeeiuo
iiaeaeae, o. a. eioi?iaoeeiiiuo eaoaai?ee, oiaaea eae n?aae-

‘ Eaiei A. E, Iiei. nia?. ni/. O. 18. N. 66.

2 Ei?ooiia A. I., Iaioaiia A. A. Oai?ey Io?aaeaiey e ya?enoe-
/aneay ?ieue ciaeia. I., 1974. N. 46.

Noea au?aaeaiey yoeo iiaeaeae iiaoo auoue naiuie ?ac-
ee/iuie: ia?ac-iuneue; ia?ac, auneacaiiue aneoo n ii-
iiuueth neia; ia?ac, au?aaeathuee aiaia iuneue /aeiaaea n
iiiiuueth neia ia aoiaaa eee a eaeie-eeai ae?oaie oi?ia;

?aaeueiay iaauanoaeaiiay iiaeaeue – eiiey iauaeoa.

Eae oaea ioia/aeinue, a iaaeeaie i?e?iaea iu noaeee-
aaainy n yaeaieai neaaea, eciaiaiey, ioia/aoea. Oieueei
iinea eo aini?eyoey, ia?a?aaioee a niciaiee iiciathuaai
n ‘iiiiuueth ia?acia iie iieo/atho au?aaeaiea (/a?ac cia-
eiaua n?aaenoaa) a oi?ia caaiee /aeiaaea, .naaaeaiee, ei-
oi?iaoeee. I?e yoii i?ienoiaeeo i?ioeann ia?aiina cia-
iee i ‘i?eciaeao iauaeoa a i?ino?ainoaa e nio?aiaiea eo
(i?eciaeia) ai a?aiaie.

I?ioeann iiciaiey iauaeoeaiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe i?aae-
noaaeyaony a aeaea aaeeinoaa aeaoo noi?ii: /oanoaaiiie, eee
naini?iie (iuouaiea, aini?eyoea, i?aaenoaaeaiea), e ?a-
oeeiiaeueiie, eee eiae/aneie (iiiyoea, noaeaeaiea, oiica-
eeth/aiea), i?e/ai /eaiaiea iiciaaaoaeueiiai i?ioeanna ia
aini?eyoea, i?aaenoaaeaiea e iiiyoea ia icia/aao naii-
noiyoaeueiiai nouanoaiaaiey eaaeaeie ec iacaaiiuo oi?i.
Ana iie aioo?aiia acaeiii?iieeatho, ia?acoy neiaeiue
neioaoe/aneee ia?ac”1.

Aianoa n oai, a iiciaaaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe eioi?ia-
oeey ia anaaaea aicieeaao e oi?ie?oaony ii noaia: iauaeo-
aini?eyoea-ia?ac-ciaiea ia iauaeoa (eioi?iaoeey).
*aua anaai e iacaaiiie no?oeoo?a eioi?iaoeeiiiuo i?i-
oeannia aeiaaaeyaony ia?aaea/a ciaiee (eioi?iaoeee) io
noauaeoa, iaiin?aaenoaaiii ‘aini?eieiaaoaai iauaeo, e
ae?oaiio noauaeoo. Iineaaeiee, a yoii neo/aa, io?aaeaao
io?aaeaiea (ia?ac, au?aaeaiiue n iiiiuueth ciaeia e ii-
iyoee), aini?eiyoia ia?aui noauaeoii. I?ienoiaeeo eae
au “io?aaeaiea io?aaeaiey”.

Oaeei ia?acii, i?ioeann iiciaiey i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
io?aaeaiea iauaeoeaiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe a niciaiee iic-
iathuaai noauaeoa n iiiiuueth i?aaiia /oanoa, iuouaiee,
a eioi?iaoeey anoue ?acoeueoao (neaaenoaea) io?aaeaiey, i?e-
/ai io?aaeaiey oieueei ia o?iaia ‘niciaiey, naycaiiiai n
oi?ie?iaaieai naaaeaiee ia io?aaeaaiii iauaeoeaiii ie-
?a2. Au?aaeaynue neiaaie A. E. Eaieia, “iuouaiea anoue

‘ Ei?ooiia A. I., Iaioaiia A. A. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 24.
2 O. I. Aieueoa? ioia/ae, /oi “iaoa?ey iuneeo a niioaaonoaee n
oiieinoueth aa iuouaiee e /oi eiaiii iuouaiey – yoi ai?ioa e ia-
?eei iaoeo eaeae” (Aieueoa? O. I. Oeeinioneea ni/eiaiey. I., 1989.
N. 119).

noauaeoeaiue ia?ac iauaeoeaiiai ie?a”1.

A oeeinioneie eeoa?aoo?a i?aaeeueii ioia/aaony, /oi
noauaeoeaiinoue ia?aca, “ia i?aa?auaynue a noauaeoeaeci,
aeaao iai aiciiaeiinoue iia?e?iaaoue io?aaeaiiuie a iaoai
Oniciaiee aauaie oaeei niiniaii, eaeei iu ia iiaeai
iia?e?iaaoue naieie iauaeoeaii-?aaeueiuie aauaie”2.

Iiaiea i oii, /oi eioi?iaoeey oanii naycaia n i?i-
oeannii io?aaeaiey, ii ia yaeyaony anaiauei naienoaii
anae iaoa?ee, a aicieeaao oieueei ia ii?aaeaeaiiii o?ia-
ia aa i?aaiecaoeee (/aeiaae e eeaa?iaoe/aneea ono?ienoaa,
iiaeaee?othuea a ii?aaeaeaiiie ia?a aeayoaeueiinoue /aei-
aaea) i?e iaee/ee i?ioeannia oi?aaeaiey, i?aiaeaaeaao a
oeeinioneie eeoa?aoo?a3.

A?aoe/anee i?ioeann iiciaiey eciaiaiee a iaaeeaie
i?e?iaea, ia o?iaia niciaiey e oi?ie?iaaiea ciaiee (ei-
oi?iaoeee) ecia?aaeai ia noaia 1.

I?eaaaeaiiay noaia ecia?aaeaao eeoue /anoue, o?aaiaio
iiciaaaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea.

Aiieia i/aaeaeii, /oi iia (noaia) iiaeao auoue i?i-
aeieaeaia aua aieueoei eiee/anoaii acaeiiaeaenoaee e, eae

neaaenoaea yoiai, aaneiia/iui /eneii ia?acia (eioi?ia-
oeee), ie?oaeathueo /aeiaaea, a ?aaeecaoeey oi?aaeai/aneeo
?aoaiee auciaao iiaua eciaiaiey, iiciaiea eioi?uo i?e-
aaaeao e ia?aciaaieth iiaie eioi?iaoeee, e o. ae.

Iiciaiea iiaeao eiaoue e ia?aoioth iai?aaeaiiinoue:

io oi?aaeai/aneiai ?aoaiey (oeaeue, caaeaiea) e aiciiae-
iui neaaenoaeyi (aeiioaca) e eciaiaieyi (neaae, ia?ac),
iniaaiii a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea iiciaiea eiaao ?ao?iniae-
oeaioth iai?aaeaiiinoue.

I?ioeann iieo/aiey, nio?aiaiey, ia?aaea/e e eniieueci-

aaiey eioi?iaoeee iiaeao auoue iacaai eioi?ie?iaaieai.

A eioi?ie?iaaiee, eae aeaeii ec i?eaaaeaiiie noaiu,
naiay aaaeiay ?ieue i?eiaaeeaaeeo noauaeoo eioi?ie?iaa-
iey. Iioeau aai aeayoaeueiinoe, i?ioanneiiaeueiay iiaeai-
oiaea, ciaiea ycuea, iaeiiaoe, ineoe/aneia ninoiyiea iea-

! Eaiei A. E. Iiei. nia?. ni/. O. 18. N. 120.

2 Iaaeia O Ae. Eioi?iaoeey, io?aaeaiea, oai?/anoai. A oeac. ei.

N. 185.

3 Ni., iai?.: Iaaeia O. Ae. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 170; Oe?aeioeaa A. N.,
Ieaoiiia A. A. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 202; Aoaianueaa A. A. Oeac. ?aaioa.
N. 26-33; Ei?ooiia A. I., Iaioaiia A. A. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 32;

ssieia I., Aieoaeeei A. E. Eioi?iaoeey e iiciaiea.-A ei. Eaiei-
neay oai?ey io?aaeaiey e nia?aiaiiay iaoea. Iineaa-Nioey, 1973.
O. 1. N. 302-327; AEaeaiia TH. Oeeinioneea i?iaeaiu anoanoaicia-
iey//I?aaaea. 1984. 31 aaa.

cuaatho nouanoaaiiia aeeyiea ia aeinoiaa?iinoue iieo/aa-
iie eioi?iaoeee.

I?e ioeaiea nia?aiiuo noauaeoaie ciaiee (eioi?ia-
oeee), oi?ie?iaaiee oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee iaiaoiaeeii
iniai ouaoaeueii aiaeece?iaaoue oneiaey eioi?ie?iaaiey.
O I?eaaaeaiiua caeiiiia?iinoe iiciaaaoaeueiie aeayoaeue-
iinoe a iieiie ia?a ?ani?ino?aiythony ia iiciaiea ia-
noiyoaeuenoa niaa?oaiiiai i?anooieaiey. Iaeiaei a iineaae-
iai ‘nouanoaoao ?yae iniaaiiinoae.

1. Iiciaiea ianoiyoaeuenoa niaa?oaiiiai i?anooieaiey,
eae i?aaeei, anaaaea ?ao?iniaeoeaii.

Neaaeiaaoaeue, noae, i?ieo?i?, i?aaiu aeiciaiey eiatho a
ea/anoaa iauaeoa iiciaiey niauoea, eiaaoaa ianoi a
i?ioeii. Eiia a oeaeyo aeinoeaeaiey iauaeoeaiinoe ?an-
neaaeiaaiey eneeth/aaony. Anee eoi-eeai ec ia?a/eneaiiuo
noauaeoia aue i/aaeaeoeai ianoiyoaeuenoa i?anooieaiey, ii
iiaeeaaeeo ioaiaeo e aeii?ino a ea/anoaa naeaeaoaey.

2. Oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiui caeiiii ii?aaeaeaiu i?aae-
O iao e i?aaeaeu enneaaeiaaiey ianoiyoaeuenoa niaa?oaiiiai
i?anooieaiey i?eiaieoaeueii e ?anneaaeiaaieth eaaeaeiai
i?anooiiiai aeayiey. I?e aeinoeaeaiee iieiuo, aeinoiaa?-
iuo ciaiee ia ianoiyoaeuenoaao, aoiaeyueo a yoio ia?a-
/aiue (i?aaeiao aeieacuaaiey), aeinoeaaaony enoeia1.

Iaeiaei ianoiyoaeuenoaa, ninoaaeythuea i?aaeiao aeiea-
cuaaiey, au?aaeaiu a caeiia a eiioeaio?e?iaaiiii, iaia-
uaiiii aeaea. I?e aeeaeaeoai ?anniio?aiee aeaeii, /oi
iie ninoiyo ec ?yaea ae?oaeo oaeoia. Iineaaeiea oaeaea ia-
?acothony ec iaeioi?ie niaieoiiinoe ianoiyoaeuenoa.

Anoanoaaiii, /oi onoaiiaeoue ana yoe ianoiyoaeuenoaa
iaaiciiaeii, aea a yoii e iao iaiaoiaeeiinoe, o. e. iicia-
iea ianoiyoaeuenoa i?anooieaiey ia?aie/aii i?aaeaeaie.
Iieii e en/a?iuaathua onoaiaaeeaathony oieueei ianoiy-
oaeuenoaa, eioi?ua eiatho nouanoaaiiia cia/aiea aeey eaa-
eeoeeaoeee i?anooieaiey e ?anneaaeiaaiey aeaea, a i?aaea-
eao, eneeth/athueo aiciiaeiinoue nouanoaiaaiey i?ioeai-
iieiaeiiai i ieo noaeaeaiey.

3. A niaea?aeaiea enoeiu, onoaiaaeeaaaiie a oaieiaiii
i?ioeanna, aeeth/aaony ia oieueei oi?ie?iaaiea ciaiey i
i?anooieaiee, ii e th?eaee/aneay ioeaiea aeaenoaee eeoea, ni-
aa?oeaoaai i?anooieaiea, o. a. eaaeeoeeaoeey aeayiey. Aac
yoiai iiciaaaoaeueiay aeayoaeueiinoue a oaieiaiii i?ioeanna

‘ Eo?n niaaoneiai oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna. Iauay /anoue. I., 1989.
N. 539.

ia auiieiyea au caaea/e, noi?ioee?iaaiiua aeey iaa A
caeiia.

Oeaeue iiciaiey caeanue caeeth/aaony ia oieueei a iicia-
iee aeayiey, ii e a ii?aaeaeaiee oao aai i?eciaeia, eioi-
?ua niioaaonoaotho i?eciaeai i?anooieaiey, oeacaiiui a
oaieiaiii caeiia.

Ii iiaieth E. I. Ea?iaaaie, “caaiii, naycuaathuei

eaaeeoeeaoeeth i?anooieaiey n niioaaonoaothueie oaeoe-
/aneeie ianoiyoaeuenoaaie, yaeyaony iiciaaaoaeueiue i?i-.
oeann. Onaiea ioee/eoaeueiua i?eciaee, oi?ie?othuea ia-
?ac (iiaeaeue) eiie?aoiiai i?anooieaiey, noauaeo aeieacu-
aaiey, n?aaee onoaiaaeeaaaiuo ei oaeoe/aneeo ianoiy-
oaeuenoa, ociaao, auaeaeyao ianoiyoaeuenoaa, niioaaonoaoth-
uea i?eciaeai, niaea?aeaueiny a oie ii?ia oaieiaiiai
caeiia, n eioi?ie ii i?iecaiaeeo iuneaiiia niiinoaaea-
iea”4.

4. Aeey iiciaiey ianoiyoaeuenoa i?anooieaiey oa?aeoa?-
ia iiaoi?yaiinoue, oeeeee/iinoue aini?eyoey, /oi aa?aioe-
?oao aeinoeaeaiea i?aaeeueiiai ?acoeueoaoa.

Aeey oiai /oiau ecaaaeaoue ioeaee, ia aeiionoeoue i?e-
aea/aiey e oaieiaiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe iaaeiiaiiai, oai-
eiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiue caeii i?aaeoniao?eaaao noaaeeeiinoue
oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna. I?e/ai, eaaeaeay iineaaeothuay noaaeey
i?aaeoniao?eaaao niiniau e oi?iu i?iaa?ee i?aaeeueii-
noe ciaiey, aeinoeaiooiai ia i?aaeoanoaothuae noaaeee.

Oaeei ia?acii nieaeaaony aa?iyoiinoue ioeaee. A na-
iie eaeaa noaaeeeiinoe caeiaeaia aa?aioey iaaeaaeiinoe oai-
eiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiiai iiciaiey, nicaeathony oneiaey aeey
aeinoeaeaiey enoeiu. I?e/ai, ii ia?a i?eaeeaeaiey e ii-
iaioo auianaiey ieii/aoaeueiiai ?aoaiey ii aeaeo noaiaiue
iaaeaaeiinoe i?ioeannoaeueiiai aeieacuaaiey aic?anoaao.

E?iia oiai, anee i?aaeaa?eoaeueiia ?anneaaeiaaiea aa-
aeaony aaeeiiee/ii neaaeiaaoaeai (eee a?oiiie neaaeiaaoa-
eae), oi noaeaaiia neaaenoaea oa?aeoa?ecoaony oai, /oi, ii-
ieii noaea, e enneaaeiaaieth ianoiyoaeuenoa i?anooieaiey
i?eaeaeathony ae?oaea o/anoieee i?ioeanna (i?ieo?i?, ca-
ueoiee e ae?oaea noauaeou oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiie aeay-
oaeueiinoe) .

Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi i?ioeann, naycaiiue n iiciaieai
ianoiyoaeuenoa i?anooieaiey iooai iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai ain-
i?eyoey niioaaonoaothueo naaaeaiee i ieo, inouanoaeyaony
a ia?auo o?ao noaaeeyo: aicaoaeaeaiea oaieiaiiai aeaea,
i?aaeaa?eoaeueiia ?anneaaeiaaiea e noaeaaiia neaaenoaea.

‘ Ea?iaaaa E. I. Niaaoneee oaieiaiue i?ioeann. I., 1982. N. 117.
30

Iiciaiea ianoiyoaeuenoa, aoiaeyueo a i?aaeiao aeieacuaa-
iey, a neaaeothueo ca yoei noaaeeyo i?ienoiaeeo ia iniiaa-
iee e a i?aaeaeao iaoa?eaeia, niaea?aeaueony a oaieiaiii
aeaea.

5. Iiciaiea ianoiyoaeuenoa i?anooieaiee, a ioee/ea io
iiciaiey a ae?oaeo noa?ao /aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, i?i-
. enoiaeeo a niaoeeoe/aneie oi?ia aeieacuaaiey.

Aeieacuaaiea a iaoea niaaoneiai oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna
ii?aaeaeyaony eae i?aaeoniio?aiiay caeiiii aeayoaeueiinoue
oiieiiii/aiiuo ia oi eeoe ii onoaiiaeaieth ianoiyoaeuenoa,
eiathueo cia/aiea aeey aeaea. Aeieacuaaiea inouanoaeyao-
ny noauaeoaie (neaaeiaaoaeueAi?aai aeiciaiey, noae), niaoee-
aeueii oiieiiii/aiiuie ia oi caeiiii e iaeaaeathueie
niioaaonoaothueie i?ioeannoaeueiuie i?aaaie e iaycai-
iinoyie.

Aeey oiai /oiau nicaeaoue iioeiaeueiua oneiaey aeinoeaea-
iey i?aaeeueiiai ?acoeueoaoa, oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiue ca-
eii aeaoaeueii ?aaeaiaioe?oao aeieacuaaiea. I?aaeoniio?ai
ia?a/aiue iiciaaaoaeueiuo aeaenoaee, a oaeaea ii?yaeie e
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue eo niaa?oaiey. A caeiia ii?aaeaeai e
ia?a/aiue enoi/ieeia naaaeaiee ia ianoiyoaeuenoaao, iiaeea-
aeaueo aeieacuaaieth.

Ii?iaie oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiiai caeiia o?aaoee?i-
aaia ia oieueei aiaoiyy, iauaeoeaii-oaeinoiaa?eoaeueiay
noi?iia iiciaaaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe, ii e i?aaeea ioeai-
ee iieo/aiiuo ciaiee (eioi?iaoeee), eioi?ua “canoaaey-
tho” eeoe, inouanoaeythueo aeieacuaaiea, aeaenoaiaaoue e iun-
eeoue a niioaaonoaee n aiinaieiae/aneeie e ineoieiae/an-
eeie caeiiiia?iinoyie, iai?aaeyy oai naiui eo i?ae-
oe/aneoth e oinoaaiioth aeayoaeueiinoue ii i?aaeeueiiio
iooe, “i?aaeinoa?aaay eo io aiciiaeiuo ioeaie e nicaeaaay
oai naiui iaiaoiaeeiua i?aaeiinueee aeey onoaiiaeaiey
enoeiu ii eaaeaeiio oaieiaiiio aeaeo”‘.

A nayce n yoei i?aaenoaaeyaony iaiainiiaaiiui noae-
aeaiea i oii, /oi aeieacuaaiea – yoi eeoue i?aeoe/aneay
aeayoaeueiinoue noauaeoia aeieacuaaiey ii niae?aieth e en-
neaaeiaaieth aeieacaoaeuenoa, a iuneeoaeueiay aeayoaeueiinoue
ii ioeaiea aeieacaoaeuenoa iaoiaeeony ca i?aaeaeaie i?ioean-
na aeieacuaaiey2.

N ae?oaie noi?iiu, iaeuecy neacaoue, /oi aeieacuaaiea-

‘ Eociaoeia I. I. Aeieacuaaiea a noaaeee aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai
aeaea. Ai?iiaae. 1983. N. 9-10. i

2 Eo?ueaa N. A. Iniiau oai?ee aeieayuaaiey a niaaoneii i?aai- (
noaeee. Ieine. 1969. N. 26-27. /

yoi oieueei iuneeoaeueiue, eiae/aneee i?ioeann, a aeaenoaey
neaaeiaaoaey n oeaeueth iieo/aiey e i?iaa?ee aeieaca-
oaeuenoa – eeoue i?aaeiinueea aeieacuaaiey’1. Ioeaiea aeiea-
caoaeuenoa iaioaeaeeia io eo niae?aiey e i?iaa?ee oae aea,
eae iaaiciiaeii ?acaeaeeoue /oanoaaiioth e ?aoeeiiaeueioth

noi?iio i?ioeanna iiciaiey.

Iiyoiio iaeuecy niaeaneoueny n oai, /oi niae?aiea, i?i-
aa?ea e ioeaiea aeieacaoaeuenoa anoue yoaiu (noaaeee) i?i-
oeanna aeieacuaaiey2. Yoi ia yoaiu e ia noaaeee, a yeaiai-
ou aaeeiiai i?ioeanna aeieacuaaiey, auaeaeaiea eioi?uo aei-
ionoeii eeoue oneiaii, aeey oeaeae iao/iiai enneaaeiaaiey3.

Aianoa n oai, caaea/a noauaeoa aeieacuaaiey caeeth/a-
aony ia oieueei a iiciaiee ianoiyoaeuenoa, iaiaoiaeeiuo
aeey i?eiyoey i?aaeeueiiai ?aoaiey. Oaieiaii-i?ioeanno-
aeueiue caeii o?aaoao, /oiau ciaiey, iieo/aiiua noauae-
oii aeieacuaaiey, &u.ou_ oaeinoiaa?aiu, /ye??o^?iii onoa-
iiaeaiiii caeiiii ii?yaeea.

Iiciaaaoaeueiay e oaeinoiaa?eoaeueiay noi?iiu i?ioean-
na aeieacuaaiey i?aaenoaaeaiu a oaeie i?ioeannoaeueiie ea-
oaai?ee, eae aeieacaoaeuenoai. N iiiiuueth aeieacaoaeuenoa-
a oaieiaiii i?ioeanna aeinoeaaaony enoeia, aeieacaoaeuenoaa-
ie iainiiauaaaony aieueoeinoai i?ioeannoaeueiuo ?aoaiee,
caaa?oathueo eae ioaeaeueiua yoaiu, oae e ?anneaaeiaaiea
a oeaeii. Ciaiey, iieo/aiiua a iaeiie noaaeee oaieiaiiai
i?ioeanna n iiiiuueth aeieacaoaeuenoa, ia?aiinyony ai a?a-
iaie e a i?ino?ainoaa e yaeythony iauaeoii ioeaiee n oi/-
ee c?aiey eo enoeiiinoe a ae?oaeo noaaeeyo.

A th?eaee/aneie eeoa?aoo?a ioia/aaony, /oi aeieacuaa-
iea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie eioi?iaoeeiiiue i?ioeann, o. a,
i?ioeann iieo/aiey eioi?iaoeee, cia/eiie aeey ?anneaaei-
aaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea4.

* Noa?/aiei A A. Eiaeea a noaeaaiii enneaaeiaaiee. I., 1958.

N. 19-20.

2 No?iaiae/ I. N. Eo?n niaaoneiai oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna. I., 1958.

O. 1. N. 302; Aeaenaaa I. N. Aeieacuaaiea e aai i?aaeiao a niaaoneii
oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. A ei.: Aeooaeueiua i?iaeaiu niaaoneiai ainoaea?-
noaa e i?aaa a ia?eiae no?ieoaeuenoaa eiiioiecia. E., 1967.

N. 433-434.

3 Oaeia iiaiea auneacaii aaoi?aie neaaeothueo ?aaio: Oeueyii-
aa E. O. Ioeaiea aeieacaoaeuenoa noaeii ia?aie einoaioeee. I. 1959.
N. 47-49; Aaeeei ?. N. Niae?aiea, enneaaeiaaiea e ioeaiea aeieaca-
oaeuenoa. I., 1966. N. 9; Eoieineay I. A. ?aoaiey a oaieiaiii noaei-
i?iecaiaenoaa. I., 1976. N. 85.

O 4 Ni., iai?.: ?aoeiia A. ?. Aii?inu neaaenoaaiiiai iuoeaiey a
naaoa oai?ee eioi?iaoeee/Aii?inu eeaa?iaoeee e i?aai. I., 1967.
N. 180-200; O?onia A. E. Noaeaaiia aeieacuaaiea a naaoa eaeae eeaa?-

A iiiyoee “cia/eiinoue” ?aaeecoaony oeaiiinoiue, ae-
neieiae/aneee aniaeo eioi?iaoeee, ioiinyuaeny e i?anooi-
eaieth.

Enneaaeiaaiea nouiinoe iineaaeiae iieacuaaao, /oi iia
?aciiia?acia ii naiae i?e?iaea, iineoaeyi, enoi/ieeai,
iacia/aieth e o. ae.

A nayce n oai, /oi a oiaea ?anneaaeiaaiey i?anooiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe noauaeo aeieacuaaiey iieo/aao ?acee/ioth
eioi?iaoeeth ec ?aciuo enoi/ieeia e n iiiiuueth ?acee/-
iuo n?aaenoa, a i?eieiaao aieueoeinoai th?eaee/anee cia-
/eiuo ?aoaiee eeoue ia iniiaa aeieacaoaeuenoa, aicieeaao
iaiaoiaeeiinoue ?aca?aie/aiey i?ioeannoaeueiie (aeieaca-
oaeuenoaaiiie) e iai?ioeannoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee.

c 2. E?EOA?EE ?ACA?AIE*AIEss I?IOeANNOAEUeIIE
E IAI?IOeANNOAEUeIIE EIOI?IAOeEE.
IIIssOEA IAI?IOeANNO AEUeIIss EIOI?IAOeEE
E AA AEAeU

Ioa?aie/aiea aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiie (i?ioeannoaeueiie) ei-
oi?iaoeee e eioi?iaoeee, iieo/aiiie ec iai?ioeannoaeueiuo
enoi/ieeia, aiciiaeii oieueei a ?acoeueoaoa ?anniio?aiey
oaeeo iniiaiuo eaoaai?ee oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna, eae aeiea-
caoaeuenoaa, enoi/ieee aeieacaoaeuenoa e n?aaenoaa aeieacu-
aaiey.

Oaeie niinia ii?aaeaeaiey iiiyoey n iiiiuueth io?eoea-
iey (iai?ioeannoaeueiay eioi?iaoeey ia anoue i?ioeannoaeue-
iay (aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiay) eioi?iaoeey) aeiioneaaony a oi?-
iaeueiie eiaeea a ea/anoaa aniiiiaaoaeueiiai ia?yaeo n ae?o-
aeie i?aaeeaie ii?aaeaeaiey iiiyoey, iai?eia?, /a?ac
aeeaeaeoee ?iae e aeaeiaia ioee/ea’.

A yoii neo/aa aeey ii?aaeaeyaiiai aeaeiaiai iiiyoey

iaoeee/oAii?inu eeaa?iaoeee e i?aai. I., 1967. N. 20-35; Aae-
eei ?. N., Aeiaa?a A. E. E?eieiaeenoeea e aeieacuaaiea. I., 1969.
N. 167-215; Oai?ey aeieacaoaeuenoa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna.
I., 1973. N. 197-228; I?eia TH. E. No?oeoo?a noaeaaiiai aeieacuaa-
iey e iiiyoea noaeaaiiai aeieacaoaeuenoaa//Aii?inu ai?ueau n i?anooi-
iinoueth. Aui. 28. I., 1978. N. 86-101; Niaaoneee oaieiaiue i?ioeann.
I., 1982. N. 135-145; Oeuioeia I. I. E?eieiaeenoe/aneay eioi?ia-
oeey e iiaeaee?iaaiea i?e ?anneaaeiaaiee i?anooieaiee. Na?aoia, 1982;

Eieaeei A. ss., Iieaaie I. N. Eioi?iaoeeiiiua i?ioeannu e no?oeoo?u
a e?eieiaeenoeea. I., 1985; Aeeyiea iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna
ia th?eaee/aneoth aeeciue. I., 1988. N. 65-70. \

‘ Eiiaeaeia I. E. Eiae/aneee neiaa?ue-ni?aai/iee \I., 1975.
N. 409-412, 467-468. I oii aea ni.: A?ooeeineee A. A. Aeayoaeue-
iinoue, aeaenoaea e ineoe/aneia eae i?ioeanno/Aii?inu ineoieiaee.
1984. ? 6. N. 23.

A Caeac 6297 33

(iai?ioeannoaeueiay eioi?iaoeey) iouneeaaaony aeeaeae-
oee ?iae (eioi?iaoeey i i?anooieaiee iacaaeneii io nii-
niaia e enoi/ieeia aa iieo/aiey), iinea /aai auyaeytho-
ny i?eciaee, oa?aeoa?ecothuea aeieacaoaeuenoaaiioth ei-
oi?iaoeeth (aeieacaoaeuenoaa), ionoonoaea eioi?uo iicai^-
eyao ii?aaeaeeoue (ioa?aie/eoue io aeieacaoaeuenoa) eneiiue

aeae.

Oaeay oi?iaeueii-eiae/aneay iia?aoeey iacuaaaony

aeecuthieoeeae (io eaoeineiai disjunctio-?aciauaiea, ?ac-
aeaeaiea) ‘.

I?e yoii aeaa auneacuaaiey (a aeaiiii neo/aa ii?aaea-
eaiey) iauaaeeiythony n iiiiuueth eiae/aneiai nithca “eee”,

A ea/anoaa i?eia?a iiaeii i?eaanoe neaaeothuaa noae-
aeaiea: “Eioi?iaoeey i i?anooieaiee iiaeao auoue eee i?i-
oeannoaeueiie (aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiie), eee iai?ioeannoaeueiie”.

A?aoe/anee niaea?aeaiea eioi?iaoeee, ioiinyuaeny e
i?anooieaieth, ecia?aaeaii ia noaia 2, aaea aanue iauai
“e?eieiaeueiuo” naaaeaiee iaicia/ai a aeaea e?oaa.

Noaia 2

I?eieiay ai aieiaiea, /oi “a?aieoea” iaaeaeo oeacai-
iuie aeaeaie eioi?iaoeee aeinoaoi/ii nii?ia, iaiaoiaeeii
?anniio?aoue iniiaiua eaoaai?ee oai?ee aeieacaoaeuenoa.

Aii?inu i iiiyoee aeieacaoaeuenoa, enoi/ieeia aeieaca-
oaeuenoa e n?aaenoa aeieacuaaiey yaeythony iaeieie ec naiuo
aeeneonneiiiuo a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. O?oaeii

* Oeeinioneee neiaa?ue. I., 1980. N. 98.
34

iaeoe ?aaioo, naycaiioth n enneaaeiaaieai i?ioeanna aeiea-
cuaaiey, a eioi?ie au ia i?aaei?eieiaeenue iiiuoee ii?a-
aeaeeoue eee ooi/ieoue yoe iiiyoey.

Eioa?an e yoiio iauyniyaony oai, /oi iiiyoea aeieaca-
oaeuenoa, eo enoi/ieeia e n?aaenoa aeieacuaaiey – iniiaiua,
na?aeoeaaeiiua aii?inu oai?ee aeieacaoaeuenoa, eioi?ay, a
naith i/a?aaeue, naycaia n ethaui einoeoooii oaieiaiiai
i?ioeanna.

Enneaaeiaaieth iiiyoey aeieacaoaeuenoa e iao/iuo i?ia-
eai, naycaiiuo n i?ioeannii aeieacuaaiey, iinayoeee naie
o?oaeu oaeea aeaeiua o/aiua-i?ioeannoaeenou, eae A?naiue-
aa A. Ae., Aaeeei ?. N., Aeiaa?a A. E., Aei?ioia A. ss.,
Eac Oe. I., Ea?iaaaa E. I., Eo?ueaa N. A., Eoiei-
neay I. A., Ieoaaiei I. I., Iioiaeeiaea? ss. I., No?iai-
ae/ I. N., O?onia A. E., Oaoeoeeei O. I., Oaeoa? N. A,,
Yeniai A. A. e ae?oaea.

Eioa?an e enneaaeoaiie i?iaeaia ii?aaeaeyaony ia oieue-
ei oai?aoe/aneeie, ii e i?aeoe/aneeie iio?aaiinoyie,
iineieueeo aeieacuaaiea ianoiyoaeuenoa niaa?oaiiiai i?a-
nooieaiey – aaeeinoaaiii aeiionoeiue niinia iiciaiey en-
oeiu a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna.

Ii i?iaeaiai oai?ee aeieacaoaeuenoa aue iioaeeeiaai
?yae ooiaeaiaioaeueiuo o?oaeia’. .

Ieiaeioai?ii enneaaeotho iacaaiiua i?iaeaiu e o/aiua
nioeeaeenoe/aneeo no?ai’2.

Ia?a/aiue aaoi?ia e eo iao/iuo o?oaeia ii yoie i?iaea-
ia iiaeii auei au i?iaeieaeeoue, iaeiaei iiiaeanoaaiiinoue
ioaeeeaoeee ia i?eaaea e aaeeinoao acaeyaeia ii aaaeiui
aii?inai, a, iai?ioea, oiiiaeeea /enei ?aciiaeanee.

Iiyoiio enneaaeiaaiea aii?inia, naycaiiuo n iiiyoeai
aeieacaoaeuenoa, eo enoi/ieeia e n?aaenoa aeieacuaaiey, iaeue-

‘ Ni.: No?iaiae/’ I. N. Iaoa?eaeueiay enoeia e noaeaaiua aeiea-
caoaeuenoaa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. I., 1955; O?onia A. E.
Iniiau oai?ee noaeaaiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa. I., 1960; A?naiueaa A. Ae. Ai-
i?inu iauae oai?ee noaeaaiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii”
i?ioeanna. I., 1964; Aaeeei ?. N. Niae?aiea, enneaaeiaaiea e ioeaiea
aeieacaoaeuenoa. I., 1966; Eo?ueaa N. A. Iniiau oai?ee aeieacuaaiey
a niaaoneii i?aainoaeee. Ieine, 1969; Oai?ey aeieacaoaeuenoa a niaao-
neii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. Eiee. aaoi?ia. I., 1973; Ai?neee A. O.,
Eiei?aa E, Ae., Yeueeeiae I. N. I?iaeaiu aeieacaoaeuenoa a niaaoneii
oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. Ai?iiaae, 1978; Ieoaaiei I. I. Aeieacuaaiea a O
niaaoneii oaieiaiii noaeii?iecaiaenoaa. Eeaa, 1984.

2 Ni., iai?.: Ea?oyn E. Iniiau oai?ee aauanoaaiiuo aeieaca-
oaeuenoa. I., 1973; Ea?iaaaa E. I., Ea?oyn E. Enoi/ieee aeieaca-
oaeuenoa ii niaaoneiio e aaiaa?neiio caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao. Iineaa_Bv*
aeaiaoo, 1985. ^ ae

cy i?eciaoue caaa?oaiiui. Anoue aua iaiaei i?iaeai,
aeaeoueo naiaai ?ac?aoaiey. Ia?niaeoeaai i?e yoii eiii-
eaeniue, iiiaianiaeoiue iiaeoiae e oeacaiiui i?iaeaiai,
a oii /enea e n iiceoeee oai?ee eioi?iaoeee eae ninoaaiie

/anoe iaoee eeaa?iaoeee1.

A aeaenoaothuai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa (no. 16 Iniia oai-
eiaiiai noaeii?iecaiaenoaa Nithca NN? e nithciuo ?anioa-
eee e no. 69 OIE ?NON?2) aeieacaoaeuenoaa ii?aaeaeythony
eae ethaua oaeoe/aneea aeaiiua, ia iniiaa eioi?uo a ii?a-
aeaeaiiii caeiiii ii?yaeea i?aaiu aeiciaiey, neaaeiaaoaeue
e noae onoaiaaeeaatho iaee/ea eee ionoonoaea iauanoaaiii
iianiiai aeayiey, aeiiaiinoue eeoea, niaa?oeaoaai yoi aeay-
iea, e eiua ianoiyoaeuenoaa, eiathuea cia/aiea aeey i?a-
aeeueiiai ?ac?aoaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea.

Oaeei ia?acii, aianoi niaea?aeauaeny a no. 58 OIE
?NON? 1923 aiaea ii?iu i oii, /oi aeieacaoaeuenoaaie
yaeythony iieacaiey naeaeaoaeae, caeeth/aiey yenia?oia,
aauanoaaiiua aeieacaoaeuenoaa, i?ioieieu iniio?ia e eiua
aeieoiaiou e ee/iua iauyniaiey iaaeiyaiiai, aeey iaicia-
/aiey aeieacaoaeuenoa caeiiiaeaoaeue ainiieueciaaeny oa?ie-
iii “oaeoe/aneea aeaiiua”.

Aicieeei ianeieueei i?iaeai: /oi iiieiaoue iiae oae-
oe/aneeie aeaiiuie, enoi/ieeaie aeieacaoaeuenoa e ninoaa-
eytho ee oaeoe/aneea aeaiiua iaeii oeaeia n enoi/ieeaie,
ia?a/aiue eioi?uo aue ii?aaeaeai a /. 2 no. 16 Iniia e /. 2

no. 69 OIE.

Iiaiey, eioi?ua auee auneacaiu o/aiuie-i?ioeannoa-
eenoaie ii ia?a/eneaiiui aii?inai, iiaeii oneiaii

iauaaeeieoue a ianeieueei a?oii.

E ia?aie a?oiia iiaeii ioianoe oao o/aiuo, eioi?ua

n/eoatho, /oi oaeoe/aneea aeaiiua e oaeou iauaeoeaiie
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe – iaeii e oi aea, a enoi/ieee aeieaca-
oaeuenoa i?aaenoaaeytho ec naay naiinoiyoaeueioth a?oiio

n?aaenoa aeieacuaaiey3.

A nayce n yoei I. A. *aeueoeia ienae: “E aeieacaoaeueno-
aai ioiinyony oa oaeou, eioi?ua i?yii oeacuaatho ia

‘ Ni., iai?.: Aii?inu eeaa?iaoeee e i?aai. I., 1967; I?aaiaay
eeaa?iaoeea nioeeaeenoe/aneeo no?ai. I., 1987; Aeeyiea iao/ii-oao-
ie/aneiai i?ia?anna ia th?eaee/aneoth aeeciue. I., 1988.

2 A aeaeueiaeoai – Iniiau e, anee ia iaiai?aii eiia, OIE.
8 Aonaa E. I. Ia iniiaao oaieiaiiai noaeii?iecaiaenoaa Nithca
NN? e nithciuo ?anioaeee. I., 1959. N. 15; Eac Oe. I. Aeieacaoaeueno-
aa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. Na?aoia, 1960. N. 24-25; Aae-
-eei ?. N. Oeac. ni/. N. 10-12; Oaieiaiue i?ioeann ?NON?. Ai?iiaae,

1968. N. 85-87. …
36

iaee/ea eee ionoonoaea oiai eee eiiai ec i?eciaeia ni-
noaaa i?anooieaiey. Aoi?ay /anoue no. 16 Iniia ia?a/en-
eyao oa n?aaenoaa aeieacuaaiey (eee eia/a – enoi/ieee
aeieacaoaeuenoa), eioi?uie onoaiaaeeaathony oaeoe/aneea
aeaiiua, yaeythueany aeieacaoaeuenoaaie”‘.

Aiaeiae/iia iiaiea auei auneacaii N. A. Aieoineei:

“*oi aea aoaeao aeieacaoaeuenoaii, anee yenia?o aeaao caeeth-
/aiea, /oi ioia/aoie iaeueoea ia ianoa i?anooieaiey inoaa-
eai iaaeiyaiui? Aeieacaoaeuenoaii aoaeao oio oaeo, /oi
ia ianoa i?anooieaiey iaia?oaeai ioia/aoie iaeueoea ia-
aeiyaiiai e /oi, neaaeiaaoaeueii, iaaeiyaiue aue a yoii
ianoa e i?eeanaeny e aeaiiiio i?aaeiaoo. Yoio oaeo onoa-
iiaeai n iiiiuueth caeeth/aiey yenia?oa, ii aeieacaoaeue-
noaii ii aeaeo yaeyaony eiaiii naiue oaeo iacaaeneii
io oiai, eae ii onoaiiaeai”2.

?yae o/aiuo iiieiatho iiae aeieacaoaeuenoaaie e oaeoe-
/aneea aeaiiua, eioi?uie onoaiaaeeaathony eee ii?iaa?-
aathony ianoiyoaeuenoaa, iiaeeaaeauea aeieacuaaieth, e en-
oi/ieee, ec eioi?uo noauaeou aeieacuaaiey oaeea aeaiiua
iieo/atho3. Oae, O?onia A. E. iieaaaao, /oi “noaeaaiua
aeieacaoaeuenoaa eae oaeoe/aneea aeaiiua aeeth/atho a naay:

1) aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiua oaeou e 2) enoi/ieee aeieaca-
oaeuenoa, i?e ecaanoiuo oneiaeyo naie noaiiayueany aei-
eacaoaeuenoaaiiuie oaeoaie”4. Aua aieaa io/aoeeai yoa
iuneue auea auneacaia I. N. No?iaiae/ai: “Niaeanii
no. 16 Iniia aeieacaoaeuenoaa-yoi oaeoe/aneea aeaiiua,
o. a. oaeou. Ii oaeou, eioi?uie aeieacuaaaony aeiiaiinoue
eeoea a niaa?oaiee i?anooieaiey, eae e oaeou, eioi?uie
iia ii?iaa?aaaony, ia aeathony neaaenoaeth a aioiaii aeaea,
yoe oaeou aeieaeiu auoue aeieacaiu, a aeieacaiu iie iiaoo
auoue, ?acoiaaony, oieueei aeieacaoaeuenoaaie e ie/ai eiui,
iiyoiio iieacaiey naeaeaoaeae, caeeth/aiey yenia?oa, i?i-

‘ *aeueoeia I A. Niaaoneee oaieiaiue i?ioeann. I., 1962.

N. 132-133.

2 Aieoineee N. A. Aii?inu aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiiai i?aaa a Inii-
aao oaieiaiiai noaeii?iecaiaenoaa Nithca NN? e nithciuo ?anioaeee.
A na.: Aii?inu noaeii?iecaiaenoaa e noaeiono?ienoaa a iiaii caeiii-
aeaoaeuenoaa NNN?. I., 1959. N. 146.

3 ?aooiia ?. Ae. Iaeioi?ua aii?inu aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiiai i?aca
a naaoa Iniia oaieiaiiai noaeii?iecaiaenoaa.-A na: Aaaeiue yoai a
?acaeoee niaaoneiai i?aaa. O?oaeu AETHI. I., 1960. N. 83; A?naiue-
aa A. Ae. Aii?inu iauae oai?ee noaeaaiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa. I., 1964.
N. 78 e ae.; Iooei E. E. Iauaeoeaiay enoeia e iaeioi?ua aii?inu
ioeaiee noaeaaiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa i?e inouanoaeaiee i?aainoaeey. E.,
1971. N. 55 e ae. ^,

4 O?onia A. E. Oeac. ni/. N. 51.

oieieu iniio?a ianoa i?ienoanoaey – yoi aeieacaoaeueno-
aa”1.

Iaeaieaa i?aaeeueiui e, ii-aeaeeiiio, iiyoiio iaeai-
eaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiui yaeyaony ii?aaeaeaiea oaeoe/aneeo
aeaiiuo eae naaaeaiee (eioi?iaoeee) i oaeoao.

?ac?aaioea yoie oi/ee c?aiey naycaia, i?aaeaea anaai,

a eiaiai i?io. A. ss. Aei?ioiaa2.

, Aace?oynue ia aaeoi/eaii e ianoiyoaeueiii aiaeeca in-
iiaiuo iieiaeaiee ia?enenonei-eaieineie oai?ee io?aaea-
iey, i?io. A. ss. Aei?ioia ienae: “Aeieacaoaeuenoaaie a oai-
eiaiii i?ioeanna iaeuecy iacuaaoue oaeou, aoiaeyuea a i?aae-
iao aeieacuaaiey. A iuoeaiee /aeiaaea nouanoaotho, aca-
eiiaeaenoaotho, aeaeaeoony ia aaue, ia i?aaeiaou, a eo ia-
?acu, iiiyoey, naaaeaiey i ieo…

Oaeoe/aneea aeaiiua-yoi iieo/aiiua ec caeiiiuo en-
oi/ieeia naaaeaiey i oaeoao”3.

Iacaaiiay oi/ea c?aiey aini?eiyoa aieueoeinoaii o/a-
iuo-e?eieiaeenoia4.

1 No?iaiae/ I. N. Eo?n niaaoneiai oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna.’ O. 1.
M.i 1968. N. 291-292; aai aea. Iaoa?eaeueiay enoeia e noaeaaiua aei-
eacaoaeuenoaa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. I., 1955. N. 236-243.

| oaai” (Aeaaeeie?ia E. O/aiea ia oaieiaiuo aeieacaoaeuenoaao. Iauay
/anoue. Oa?ueeia, A882. N. 141), aianoa n oai ioia/aee, /oi yoi oaaae-

O aeaiea aeieaeii auoue iniiaaii eneeth/eoaeueii ia aeieacaoaeuenoaao, ii-
eo/aiiuo ec noaeaaiuo enoi/ieeia, e “anyeia naaaeaiea, aeinoeaathuaa
aei i?enyaeiuo ia a aeaea aeiiouaiiiai ia noaea aeieacaoaeuenoaa, ia
anoue aeieacaoaeuenoai” (Aeaaeeie?ia E. Iaca. O?oae. N. 147), a iniiaiay
caaea/a i?e onoaiiaeaiee ianoiyoaeuenoa niaa?oaiiiai i?anooieaiey –

‘ “nia?aoue naaaeaiey i oaeoao, ninoiyueo n iei a eaeii-eeai ioiioa-
O iee e onoaiiaeoue n oi/iinoueth eo aeinoiaa?iinoue” (Oieieoeeee E,
Eo?n oaieiaiiai noaeii?iecaiaenoaa. O. II. N.-Iaoa?ao?a, 1910. N. 174).

3 Oai?ey aeieacaoaeuenoa. N. 207, 224.

4 Ni., iai?.: Ea?iaaaa E. I. ?acaeoea iniiaiuo iiiyoee oai?ee
aeieacaoaeuenoa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna//Nioe. caeiiiinoue,
1978. ? 2. N. 28-31; aa aea. Aeieacaoaeuenoaa e aeieacuaaiea i?e i?i-
ecaiaenoaa ?anneaaeiaaiey. Ai?ueeee, 1977. N. 8; Oiu?ia A. A. Einaai-
iua aeieacaoaeuenoaa. I., 1979. N. 6-7; Oaeoa? N. A. Nouiinoue e
niiniau niae?aiey aeieacaoaeuenoa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna.
I., 1972. N. 4; Eoaaei E. I. Iaoiaeieiae/aneea i?iaeaiu ?anneaaeiaa-
iey. I., 1973. N. 69; Aeaenaaa I. N., Aeaaa A, A., Eiei?aa E. Ae.
I/a?e ?acaeoey iaoee niaaoneiai oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna. Ai?iiaae,
1980. N. 147; Eociaoeia I. I. Aeieacuaaiea a noaaeee aicaoaeaeaiey
oaieiaiiai aeaea. Ai?iiaae, 1983. N. 59-61; Ieoaaiei I. I. Oai?aoe-

Ia io?eoeay, /oi aeieacaoaeuenoaaie yaeythony- naaaeaiey
i oaeoao, iaeioi?ua i?ioeannoaeenou ioiinyo e aeieaca-
oaeuenoaai e naie oaeou. Oae, I. N. Yeueeeiae ienaea: “Ii-
neieueeo eiaeea aeieacuaaiey iaiaoiaeeii i?aaeiieaaaao
onoaiiaeaiea e iainiiaaiea aeieacuaaaiuo noaeaeaiee i?e
iiiiue ae?oaeo, oaea aeieacaiiuo, iinoieueeo ia oieueei
naaaeaiey i oaeoao, ii e onoaiiaeaiiua oaeou neoaeao
n?aaenoaii iiciaiey eneiiuo, aua ia onoaiiaeaiiuo”‘.

Aeecei e yoiio oaeoe/aneea aeaiiua ii?aaeaeyao
A. A. Yeniai: “Oaeou, i?aaeuyaeyaiua a iaoo?a, e niia-
uaiey i oaeoao-oaeiau ia?ae/iua enoiaeiua aeieaca-
oaeuenoaa e oaeiai, ii-aeaeeiiio, niaea?aeaiea iiiyoey “oae-
oe/aneeo aeaiiuo”, eioi?ui ainiieueciaaeny caeiiiaea-
oaeue”2.

Noiaeioth iiceoeeth caieiaao O. I. Oaoeoeeei, eioi?ue,
iaeiaei, e niaea?aeaieth iiiyoey “oaeoe/aneea aeaiiua” io-
iineo e naaaeaiey i oaeoao, e onoaiiaeaiiua (aeieacaoaeue-
noaaiiua) oaeou, oeao?e?othuea a eiae/aneii aeieacuaa-
iee, e iauaeoeaioth ?aaeueiinoue (iaiin?aaenoaaiii aini?e-
ieiaaioth ianoaiiaeo e iaoa?eaeueiua neaaeu niaeayiiiai
i?anooieaiey)3.

Iao aaeeinoaa acaeyaeia n?aaee o/aiuo e ii aii?inai
niioiioaiey oaeoe/aneeo aeaiiuo e enoi/ieeia, ia?a/aiue
eioi?uo ii?aaeaeai a /. II no. 16 Iniia e /. II no. 69 OIE.

Oi/eo c?aiey i oii, /oi enoi/ieee aeieacaoaeuenoa nay-
caiu n oaeoe/aneeie aeaiiuie, ii ia ia?acotho aaeeinoaa,
ionoaeaatho I. I. Ieoaaiei4 e E. I. Ea?iaaaa. Iineaaeiyy
n/eoaao, /oi “anee a OIE ?NON? 1923 aiaea aeieacaoaeue-
noaa (no. 58) ii?aaeaeyeenue /a?ac eo enoi/ieee (“aeieaca-
oaeuenoaaie yaeythony iieacaiey naeaeaoaeae…”), oi a OIE

/aneea i?iaeaiu aeieacuaaiey a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. Aeieo.
aeenn. Eeaa, 1984. N. 287.

‘ Yeueeeiae I. N. I?iaeaiu aeieacaoaeuenoa a niaaoneii oai-
eiaiii i?ioeanna. Ai?iiaae, 1978. N. 101. Aiaeiae/iie iiceoeee i?e-
aea?aeeaaaony A. A. Iaoaeaiei. Ni.: Eiiiaioa?ee e ae. 6 OIE Aaei-
?onneie NN?. Ieine, 1973. N. 72.

2 Yeniai A. A. I iiiyoee aauanoaaiiiai aeieacaoaeuenoaa e aai
niioiioaiee n aeieacaoaeuenoaaie ae?oaeo aeaeia.-A na.: Aii?inu i?a-
aeoi?aaeaeaiey i?anooiiinoe. Aui. 1. I., 1965. N. 83.

3 Oaoeoeeei O. I. Iauea i?iaeaiu i?ioeannoaeueiiai aeieacuaa-
iey. Eacaiue, 1976. N. 94, 116.

4 Ieoaaiei I. I. E aii?ino i i?aaiaie ?aaeaiaioaoeee ioeaiee
aeieacaoaeuenoa e eo enoi/ieeia a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. –
A na.: Aeooaeueiua i?iaeaiu aeieacuaaiey a niaaoneii oaieiaiii
i?ioeanna. I., 1981. N. 18-21; aai aea. Oai?aoe/aneea i?iaeaiu aeiea-
cuaaiey a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna, Aeieo. aeenn. Eeaa, 1984.
N. 377-378,

oieieu iniio?a ianoa i?ienoanoaey – yoi aeieacaoaeueno-
aa”‘.

Iaeaieaa i?aaeeueiui e, ii-aeaeeiiio, iiyoiio iaeai-
eaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiui yaeyaony ii?aaeaeaiea oaeoe/aneeo
aeaiiuo eae naaaeaiee (eioi?iaoeee) i oaeoao.

?ac?aaioea yoie oi/ee c?aiey naycaia, i?aaeaea anaai,

a eiaiai i?io. A. ss. Aei?ioiaa2.

Oaeoe/aneea aeaiiua – yoi iieo/aiiua ec caeiiiuo en-
oi/ieeia naaaeaiey i oaeoao”3.

Iacaaiiay oi/ea c?aiey aini?eiyoa aieueoeinoaii o/a-
iuo-e?eieiaeenoia4.

‘ No?iaiae/ I. N. Eo?n niaaoneiai oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna. O. 1.

I., 1968. N. 291-292; aai aea. Iaoa?eaeueiay enoeia e noaeaaiua aei-
eacaoaeuenoaa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. I,, 1955. N. 236-243.

2 Ni.: I iiiyoee aeieacaoaeuenoaa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioean-
‘na//Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai. 1964. ? 9. N. 108-117; Oai?ey aeieaca-
oaeuenoa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. I., 1973. N. 197-228. Caneo-
aeeaaao a.uoue ioia/aiiui, /oi ecaanoiua ?onneea o/aiua-i?ioeannoaee-
aou E. Oieieoeeee, E. Aeaaeeie?ia, ii?aaeaeyy aeieacaoaeuenoai eae
“aayeee oaeo, ia iniiaaiee eioi?iai noaeuey iiaeao ia?aciaaoue a naaa
oaaaeaeaiea i niauoee i?anooieaiey e aeiiaiinoe eeoea, aai niaa?oea-
oaai” (Aeaaeeie?ia E. O/aiea ia oaieiaiuo aeieacaoaeuenoaao. Iauay
/anoue. Oa?ueeia, 1’882\ N. 141), aianoa n oai ioia/aee, /oi yoi oaaae-
aeaiea aeieaeii auoue iniiaaii eneeth/eoaeueii ia aeieacaoaeuenoaao, ii-
eo/aiiuo ec noaeaaiuo enoi/ieeia, e “anyeia naaaeaiea, aeinoeaathuaa
aei i?enyaeiuo ia a aeaea aeiiouaiiiai ia noaea aeieacaoaeuenoaa, ia
anoue aeieacaoaeuenoai” (Aeaaeeie?ia E. Iaca. o?oae. N. 147), a iniiaiay
caaea/a i?e onoaiiaeaiee ianoiyoaeuenoa niaa?oaiiiai i?anooieaiey –
“nia?aoue naaaeaiey i oaeoao, ninoiyueo n iei a eaeii-eeai ioiioa-

O i.ee e onoaiiaeoue n oi/iinoueth eo aeinoiaa?iinoue” (Oieieoeeee E.
Eo?n oaieiaiiai noaeii?iecaiaenoaa. O. II. N.-Iaoa?ao?a, 1910. N. 174).

3 Oai?ey aeieacaoaeuenoa. N. 207, 224.

-niiniau niae?aiey aeieacaoaeuenoa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna.
I., 1972. N. 4; Eocaei E. I. Iaoiaeieiae/aneea i?iaeaiu ?anneaaeiaa-
iey. I., 1973. N. 69; Aeaenaaa I. N., Aeaaa A. A., Eiei?aa E. Ae.

, I/a?e ?acaeoey iaoee niaaoneiai oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna. Ai?iiaae,
1980. N. 147; Eociaoeia I. I. Aeieacuaaiea a noaaeee aicaoaeaeaiey
oaieiaiiai aeaea. Ai?iiaae, 1983. N:59-61;Ieoaai1(i I. I. Oai?aoe-

Ia io?eoeay, /oi aeieacaoaeuenoaaie yaeythony naaaeaiey
Oi oaeoao, iaeioi?ua i?ioeannoaeenou ioiinyo e aeieaca-
oaeuenoaai e naie oaeou. Oae, I. N. Yeueeeiae ienaea: “Ii-
neieueeo eiaeea aeieacuaaiey iaiaoiaeeii i?aaeiieaaaao
onoaiiaeaiea e iainiiaaiea aeieacuaaaiuo noaeaeaiee i?e
iiiiue ae?oaeo, oaea aeieacaiiuo, iinoieueeo ia oieueei
naaaeaiey i oaeoao, ii e onoaiiaeaiiua oaeou neoaeao
n?aaenoaii iiciaiey eneiiuo, aua ia onoaiiaeaiiuo”‘.

Aeecei e yoiio oaeoe/aneea aeaiiua ii?aaeaeyao
A. A. Yeniai: “Oaeou, i?aaeuyaeyaiua a iaoo?a, e niia-
uaiey i oaeoao – oaeiau ia?ae/iua enoiaeiua aeieaca-
oaeuenoaa e oaeiai, ii-aeaeeiiio, niaea?aeaiea iiiyoey “oae-
oe/aneeo aeaiiuo”, eioi?ui ainiieueciaaeny caeiiiaea-
oaeue”2.

Noiaeioth iiceoeeth caieiaao O. I. Oaoeoeeei, eioi?ue,
iaeiaei, e niaea?aeaieth iiiyoey “oaeoe/aneea aeaiiua” io- ,
iineo e naaaeaiey i oaeoao, e onoaiiaeaiiua (aeieacaoaeue-
noaaiiua) oaeou, oeao?e?othuea a eiae/aneii aeieacuaa-‘
iie, e iauaeoeaioth ?aaeueiinoue (iaiin?aaenoaaiii aini?e-.
ieiaaioth ianoaiiaeo e iaoa?eaeueiua neaaeu niaeayiiiai
i?anooieaiey)3.

Iao aaeeinoaa acaeyaeia n?aaee o/aiuo e ii aii?inai
niioiioaiey oaeoe/aneeo aeaiiuo e enoi/ieeia, ia?a/aiue
eioi?uo ii?aaeaeai a /. II no. 16 Iniia e /. II no. 69 OIE.

Oi/eo c?aiey i oii, /oi enoi/ieee aeieacaoaeuenoa nay-
caiu n oaeoe/aneeie aeaiiuie, ii ia ia?acotho aaeeinoaa,
ionoaeaatho I. I. Ieoaaiei4 e E.I. Ea?iaaaa. Iineaaeiyy
n/eoaao, /oi “anee a OIE ?NON? 1923 aiaea aeieacaoaeue-
noaa (no. 58) ii?aaeaeyeenue /a?ac eo enoi/ieee (“aeieaca-
oaeuenoaaie yaeythony iieacaiey naeaeaoaeae…”), oi a OIE

/aneea i?iaeaiu aeieacuaaiey a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. Aeieo.
aeenn. Eeaa, 1984. N. 287.

2 Yeniai A. A. I iiiyoee aauanoaaiiiai aeieacaoaeuenoaa e aai
niioiioaiee n aeieacaoaeuenoaaie ae?oaeo aeaeia.-A na.: Aii?inu i?a-
aeoi?aaeaeaiey i?anooiiinoe. Aui. 1. I., 1965. N. 83.

3 Oaoeoeeei O. I. Iauea i?iaeaiu i?ioeannoaeueiiai aeieacuaa-
iey. Eacaiue, 1976. N. 94, 116.

?NON? 1960 aiaea aeaeaaony iiiuoea ooi/ieoue yoi iiiy-
oea: aeieacaoaeuenoaa ioa?aie/eaathony io eo enoi/ieeia
e ii?aaeaeythony eae oaeoe/aneea aeaiiua”‘.

Aieueoeinoai e?eieiaeenoia i?aaeeueii, ii iiaieth aa-
oi?a, n/eoatho, /oi iiae aeieacaoaeuenoaaie a oaieiaiii i?i-
oeanna neaaeoao iiieiaoue aaeeinoai oaeoe/aneeo aeaiiuo
. (naaaeaiee i oaeoao) e i?ioeannoaeueiuo enoi/ieeia, ec
eioi?uo yoe naaaeaiey iieo/aiu e niaea?aeaony2.

Iaeuecy niaeaneoueny n oai, /oi iaaeaeo eiioeaioeeyie ii-
iyoey aeieacaoaeuenoaa eae naaaeaiee i oaeoao e eae aaeeii-
ai oeaeiai, ia?aciaaiiiai naaaeaieai i oaeoao e enoi/ie-
eii yoeo naaaeaiee, “iao neieueei-ieaoaeue cia/eoaeueiuo ?ac-
ee/ee”3. ?acee/ey anoue e aanueia nouanoaaiiua: ii?aaeaea-
iea aeieacaoaeuenoa eae aaeeiiai iiiyoey ia aeiioneaao no-
uanoaiaaiey ioaeaeueii oaeoe/aneeo aeaiiuo e ioaeaeueii eo
enoi/ieeia, a oi a?aiy eae ii?aaeaeaiea aeieacaoaeuenoa
oieueei naaaeaieyie i oaeoa i?aaeiieaaaao eo naiinoiyoaeue-
iia aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiia cia/aiea.

‘ Ea?iaaaa E. I. I?aaeeueiia ii?aaeaeaiea iniiaiuo iiiyoee oai-
?ee aeieacaoaeuenoa – aaaeiaeoay aa?aioey aeinoeaeaiey enoeiu i?e
i?iecaiaenoaa ii oaieiaiiio aeaeo. – A na.: Aa?aioee i?aa ee/iinoe a
nioeeaeenoe/aneii oaieiaiii i?aaa e i?ioeanna. ss?ineaaeue, 1981.
N. 15; aa aea. Niaaoneee oaieiaiue i?ioeann. I., 1982. N. 121-122.

2 Ni., iai?.: I?eoociaa A. A. Caeeth/aiea yenia?oa eae aeieaca-
oaeuenoai a oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. I., 1959; Oeueyiiaa E. O. Ioeaiea
aeieacaoaeuenoa noaeii ia?aie einoaioeee. I., 1959. N. 6-22; Aei-
aa?a A. E., Ei/a?ia A. E., Ieiueeianeee A. I. Aeooaeueiua aii?inu
oai?ee aeieacaoaeuenoa a oaieiaiii i?ioeanna//Nioe. caeiiiinoue. 1963,
? 3. N. 19-27; ?eaeei A. A., Aeueia?o N. A., Aaaeaiia I. E. I aeiea-
caoaeuenoaao a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna//Nioe. caeiiiinoue. 1963,
? 9. N. 40-41; Oaeoa? N. A. Nouiinoue e niiniau niae?aiey aeieaca-
oaeuenoa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. I., 1972; Eocaei E. I. Ia-
oiaeieiae/aneea i?iaeaiu ?anneaaeiaaiey. I., 1973. N. 69; Ea?oyn E.
Oeac. ?aa. N. 16, 19-20; I?ieioueaa TH. I. Iiiyoea e nouiinoue aei-
eoiaioia eae aeieacaoaeuenoa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. E?eoone,
1978. N. 8; Eociaoeia I. I., Iaithoeei A. A. I iaeioi?uo iiiyoeyo
oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiiai aeieacuaaiey e ?acaeoee aai i?ioeannoaeue-
iie oi?iu. – A na.: ?acaeoea e niaa?oainoaiaaiea oaieiaii-i?ioeanno-
aeueiie oi?iu. Ai?iiaae, 1979. N. 107; Oiu?ia A. A. Einaaiiua aei-
eacaoaeuenoaa. I., 1979. N. 6-7; Aeaenaaa I. N., Aeaaa A. A., Eiei-
?aa E. Ae. I/a?e ?acaeoey iaoee niaaoneiai oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna.
Ai?iiaae, 1980. N. 147; Na?aetheia I. I. Aeieacaoaeuenoaa a noaaeee
aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea. E?eoone, 1981. N. 3-4; Eaceiyi A. N.
I?ioeannoaeueiua e oaeoe/aneea iniiau i?iaa?ee, ioeaiee e eniieueci-
aaiey aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiie eioi?iaoeee, iieo/aiiie i?e aeii?ina.
Eaiae. aeenn. A?aaai, 1982. N. 4; Eociaoeia I. I. Aeieacuaaiea a noaaeee
aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea. Ai?iiaae, 1983. N. 59-61.

3 Oaoeoeeei O. I. Oeac, ni/. N. 95. I oii aea ni.; Yeueeeiae I. N.
Oeac. ei. N, 97.

A i?ioeannoaeueiie eeoa?aoo?a iineaaeieo eao oi?ie-
?oaony aua iaeei acaeyae ia aeieacaoaeuenoai. Nouiinoue aai
a oii, /oi naaaeaiey i oaeoao (eioi?iaoeee), iieo/aiiua
ec i?aaeoniio?aiiuo a caeiia enoi/ieeia, yoi aua ia anoue
aeieacaoaeuenoai, a “aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiay eioi?iaoeey”‘,
“enoiaeiua aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiua aeaiiua”2. I?e yoii aeiea-
caoaeuenoai iiieiaaony a ea/anoaa aeinoiaa?ii aeieacaiiiai
ciaiey3.

Yoi i?ienoiaeeo oieueei a oio iiiaio, eiaaea eioi?ia-
oeey, niaea?aeauayny a i?aaeoniio?aiiuo caeiiii enoi/ie-
eao, eniieuecoaony i?e i?eiyoee iniiaiuo i?ioeannoaeueiuo
?aoaiee – i?eaea/aiea a ea/anoaa iaaeiyaiiai, i?ae?a-
uaiea oaieiaiiai aeaea, ninoaaeaiea iaaeieoaeueiiai ca-
eeth/aiey, iinoaiiaeaiea i?eaiai?a4.

Oaeiau, ia iao acaeyae, iniiaiua iiceoeee ii aii?inai
ii?aaeaeaiey oaeoe/aneeo aeaiiuo e eo niioiioaiey n en-
oi/ieeaie aeieacaoaeuenoa.

I?aaeaea /ai i?enooieoue e eo aiaeeco, neaaeoao oynieoue
niaea?aeaiea ecia/aeueiuo oa?ieiia “oaeo”, “oaeoe/aneee”,
“aeaiiua”, eioi?uie iia?e?oao caeiiiaeaoaeue, eai “nei-
aai e au?aaeaieyi caeiia neaaeoao i?eaeaaaoue oi cia/aiea,
eioi?ia iie eiatho a niioaaonoaothuai eeoa?aoo?iii ycu-
ea”5.

Oa?iei “oaeo” oiio?aaeyaony a aeaoo cia/aieyo:

1. Aeaenoaeoaeueiia, ia auiuoeaiiia yaeaiea, niauoea,
i?ienoanoaea; oi, /oi i?iecioei ia naiii aeaea.

2. Aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue, ?aaeueiinoue; oi, /oi iauaeoeaii
O nouanoaoao”6.

“Oaeoe/aneee”-ioiinyueeny e oaeoo (a 1-i e 2-i
cia/aiee), aeaenoaeoaeueiue, niioaaonoaothuee oaeoai7.

‘ Aaneeaiei A. I., O?ioeiia A. O. I iiiyoee enneaaeiaaiey aei-
eacaoaeuenoaaiiie eioi?iaoeee. O?oaeu ANO IAAe NNN?. Aui. 12.
Aieaia?aae, 1976. N. 29. I oii aea ni.: Oeuioeia I. E. I e?eieiaee-
noe/aneie oa?ieiieiaee. – A na.: Aeooaeueiua i?iaeaiu io?aneaauo
th?eaee/aneeo iaoe, Na?aoia, 1982. N. 147.

2 Oaoaiueeei A. A. I?iaa?ea aeieacaoaeuenoa a no?oeoo?a oaieiaii-
i?ioeannoaeueiiai aeieacuaaiey. Aaoi?ao. eaiae. aeenn. I., 1983. N. 16.

3 Aeinioeia A. A. Iioeiecaoeey i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai neaaenoaey
Aeia-Aoa, 1984. N. 73.

4 Aeinioeia A. A. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 71-72, 73-74. I oii aea ni.:

Oaoaiueeei A. A. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 16.

5 *a?aeaioeaa A. O. Oieeiaaiea niaaoneiai i?aaa. I., 1979. N. 39.

6 Neiaa?ue nia?aiaiiiai ?onneiai eeoa?aoo?iiai ycuea. I.-E.,
1964. O. 16. N. 1211.

7 Ni.: oai aea. N. 1214-1215. O

Oa?iei “aeaiiua” yaeyaony neiiieiii neia “naaaeaiey”,
“eioi?iaoeey”‘ e icia/aao ecaanoea, ecaauaiea, niiaua-
iea i eii eee i /ai-eeai, oa?aeoa?ecothuaa eiai eee
/oi-eeai, a oaeaea inaaaeiieaiiinoue eee ciaeiinoai n /ai-
eeai2.

Oaeei ia?acii, iiaeii n/eoaoue, /oi, iia?e?oy oa?ie-
iii “oaeoe/aneea aeaiiua”, caeiiiaeaoaeue eiaao a aeaeo
aeaiiua i oaeoao, naaaeaiey i oaeoao, eioi?iaoeeth, ii-
neieueeo i?eeaaaoaeueiia “oaeoe/aneea” a aeaiiii” neo/aa,
a oaenoa no. 16 Iniia e no. 69 O IE ioiineony ia e naiei
oaeoai, a e naaaeaieyi ia yoeo oaeoao3.

Iniiaioth niuneiaoth iaa?oceo caeanue ianao neiai “aeai-
iua”, eaeiauie yaeythony naaaeaiey, eioi?iaoeey. Iiyoiio
iaeuecy niaeaneoueny n A. Ae. A?naiueaaui, eioi?ue n/eoae,
/oi oa?iei “oaeo” iiaeii iiieiaoue eae aeaiiia, ia eiai
iiaeii iniiauaaoueny, eee aeaiiia, yaeythuaany iaoa?eaeii
aeey eaeiai-ieaoaeue auaiaea eee caeeth/aiey4. Auaiae
A. Ae. A?naiueaaa i oii, /oi iiiyoey “oaeo” e “aeaiiua”
iiaoo niaiaaeaoue, i?aaenoaaeyaony ioeai/iui, iineieueeo
aeaiiua (naaaeaiey) i oaeoao e naie oaeou – nooue ?acii-
ii?yaeeiaua yaeaiey. Anee oaeo-yoi oneiaii auaeaeai-
iia ec oeaie anaiaueo acaeiinaycae e acaeiicaaeneiinoae
yaeaiea iauaeoeaiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, oi oaeoe/aneea
aeaiiua (naaaeaiey) i iai-yoi ?acoeueoao io?aaeaiey aai
a niciaiee iiciathuaai e eiaee?iaee a eaeie-eeai oi?ia
(aa?aaeueiie, a?aoe/aneie, iooai eniieueciaaiey eiaee?oth-
ueo ono?ienoa e i?.) n iiiiuueth iiiyoee, noaeaeaiee, oii-
caeeth/aiee.

Oaeei ia?acii, n yoeiieiae/aneeo, aiinaieiae/aneeo,
a neaaeiaaoaeueii, e n oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiuo iiceoeee en-
eeth/aaony aiciiaeiinoue ii?aaeaeaiey oaeoe/aneeo aeaiiuo
eae oaeoia iauaeoeaiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe.

A niciaiee iiciathuaai io?aaeathony ia naie oaeou,
oe-^eo ia?acu, ioia/aoee a aeaea iiiyoee, i?aaenoaaeaiee.
A oiaea iia?e?iaaiey eie (eae aioo?e niciaiey iiciath-

‘ Ni.: Neiaa?ue neiiieiia ?onneiai ycuea. I., 1975. N. 478.

2 Ni O Neiaa?ue nia?aiaiiiai .?onneiai eeoa?aoo?iiai ycuea.

I.-EAe i”962. O. 13. N. 275.

3 Oaeiai aea acaeyaea ia iiiyoea oaeoe/aneeo aeaiiuo i?eaea?aee-
aaaony I. Ooouc, eioi?ue ieoao, /oi yoi iiiyoea eiae/anee e yoeii-
eiae/anee oi/iaa iaicia/aoue eae “aeaiiua i oaeoao” (Ooouc I. Ii-
iyoea noaeaaiiai aeieacaoaeuenoaa//Nia. thnoeoeey. 1978. ? 15. N. 13.).

4 A?naiueaa A. Ae. I iiiyoee caeeth/aiey yenia?oa a naaoa iauae
Ooai?ee noaeaaiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa.: Na. iao/iuo o?oaeia AIEENY.
Aui. 21. I., 1976. N. 22.

uaai, oae e i?e au?aaeaiee aiaia) iie i?eia?aoatho oa-
?aeoa? ciaiee, naaaeaiee, aeaiiuo, eioi?iaoeee.

Eiaiii yoe naaaeaiey, aeaiiua, eioi?iaoeey, ciaiey i
oaeoao, a ia naie oaeou, iiaoo auoue enoeiiuie eee eiae*
iuie e n yoeo iiceoeee iiaeeaaeao ioeaiea. OOOO”

Oaeo aea eae iauaeoeaiay ?aaeueiinoue ia iiaeao auoue
enoeiiui eee eiaeiui e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, n yoeo iiceoeee
ioeaiea ia iiaeeaaeeo.

Niiniaiinoue naaaeaiee (ciaiee) i oaeoao niioaaonoai-
aaoue (auoue aaeaeaaoiuie) aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe au?aaeaia a
oaeii e?eoa?ee ioeaiee aeieacaoaeuenoa eae aeinoiaa?iinoue.

I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi e aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiua oaeou ia
yaeythony aeieacaoaeuenoaaie a i?ioeannoaeueiii eo cia/a-
iee, o. e., ai-ia?auo, aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiua oaeou naie iiae-
eaaeao e iiaoo auoue onoaiiaeaiu oieueei n iiiiuueth niio-
aaonoaothueo i?ioeannoaeueiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa, o. a. naaaeaiee
i ieo (oaeoao), iieo/aiiuo ec i?ioeannoaeueiuo enoi/ie-
eia; ai-aoi?uo, “oaeo, i?eciaiiue aeieacaiiui e, aiciiae-
ii, “a naith i/a?aaeue eniieuecoaiue a eiae/aneii aeieacuaa-
iee a ea/anoaa aeieacuaathuaai, aeieacaoaeuenoaii ia yaey-
aony, a ninoaaeyao /anoue io?aaeaiey i?aaeiaoa aeieacuaa-
iey””.

Iiciaiiue n iiiiuueth naaaeaiee (aeieacaoaeuenoa) e i?ec-
iaiiue aeinoaoi/ii onoaiiaeaiiui oaeo iauaeoeaiie aeae-
noaeoaeueiinoe ea?aao aaaeioth ?ieue a eiae/aneii aeieacu-
aaiee, eiaaea ec iaeieo oaea ecaanoiuo oaeoia auaiaeeony
ciaiea i ae?oaeo, aua iaecaanoiuo. “Niioiioaiea caeanue
iiaeiaii niioiioaieth oacena e a?aoiaioa, oeaee e n?aaeno-
aa”2. Oeaeue oaeeo caaeneiinoae oa?aeoa?ecoao aanue i?ioeann
aeieacuaaiey.

Iiyoiio oaeo, eniieuecoaiue a eiae/aneii aeieacuaa-
iee, ia iauaeoeaiay ?aaeueiinoue e aeaaea ia ?acoeueoao aa
io?aaeaiey a niciaiee /aeiaaea, a “ciaiea i aeaenoaeoaeue-
iinoe, auaaaeaiiia a ?acoeueoaoa aiaeeca e ioeaiee naaaea-
iee i ieo”3.

Yoi aiinaieiae/aneee aniaeo iiiyoey aeieacaoaeuenoa.
I?ioeannoaeueiue aniaeo ii?aaeaeaiey aeieacaoaeuenoaa, ni-
aea?aeauaainy a no. 16 Iniia e no. 69 O IE, au?aaeai nei-
aaie “a ii?aaeaeaiiii caeiiii ii?yaeea” e i?aaeeiaeaieai
“yoe aeaiiua onoaiaaeeaathony: iieacaieyie naeaeaoaey…”.

‘ Ea?iaaaa E. I. Oeac. noaouey. – A na.: Aa?aioee i?aa ee/iinoe a
niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?aaa e i?ioeanna. N. 18.

2 Ea?iaaaa E. I., Ea?oyn E. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 7. –

3 Oai aea. ‘

/ Aeaaie “onoaiaaeeaaoue” iau/ii oiio?aaeyaony a cia-
/aiee iaia?oaeeaaoue, auyniyoue, auyaeyoue, aeieacuaaoue, io-
e?uaaoue /oi-eeai’ e i?eaaaeai a oaenoa no. 69 OIE aeey
?aauyniaiey, eaeea ianoiyoaeuenoaa iiaeeaaeao onoaiiaea-
ieth e n iiiiuueth /aai (ec eaeeo enoi/ieeia). Oai naiui
au?aaeaaony acaeiicaaeneiinoue iaaeaeo oaeoe/aneeie aeai-
iuie e enoi/ieeaie, /oi eneeth/aao ?acaeaeueiia eo noua-
noaiaaiea. Oieeiaaiea oaenoa no. 16 Iniia e no. 69 OIE
aeaao i?aai ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi ia?aay e aoi?ay /anoe iacaai-
iuo noaoae ia oieueei acaeiinaycaiu, ii e iaioaeaeeiu
ae?oa io ae?oaa. Ionthaea neaaeoao, /oi aeieacaoaeuenoai anoue
ia?ac?uaiia aaeeinoai naaaeaiee i oaeoao e enoi/ieeia, ec
eioi?uo yoe naaaeaiey iieo/aiu.

Anee aea ?anniao?eaaoue aeieacaoaeuenoai ia eae nin?aaei-
oi/ea oaeoe/aneeo aeaiiuo e enoi/ieeia, iiaeii i?eeoe
e ioeai/iiio auaiaeo i oii, /oi aeieacaoaeuenoaa nouano-
aotho aia oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna, aua aei iiciaiey eo noau-
aeoii aeieacuaaiey (neaaeiaaoaeai, noaeii, i?aaiaie aeicia-
iey) e oaeinoiaa?aiey yoiai iiciaiey a i?ioeannoaeueiie

oi?ia.

I?e oaeii iiieiaiee aeieacaoaeuenoa o?oaeii ?aca?aie-
/eoue naaaeaiey i oaeoao, iieo/aiiuo aia oaieiaii-i?ioean-
noaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe (a oii /enea e a oiaea i?eiyoey
iia?aoeaiuo ia?), io aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiie eioi?iaoeee.

N iiceoeee aeaienoaaiiiai iiieiaiey aeieacaoaeuenoa eae
ioaeaeueii oaeoe/aneeo aeaiiuo e ioaeaeueii enoi/ieeia eaae-
aeia ec ieo aeieaeii ioaa/aoue o?aaiaaieyi ioiineiinoe e
aeiionoeiinoe, /aio iie (aeieacaoaeuenoai-oaeo eee naa-
aeaiey i oaeoao e aeieacaoaeuenoai – enoi/iee) niioaaono-
aiaaoue ia iiaoo. Ia yoi i?aaeeueii ia?auae aieiaiea
A. ss. Aei?ioia: “Acyoua ioaeaeueii “enoi/iee” e “aeieaca-
oaeuenoaaiiue oaeo” oaeie niaieoiiinoe naienoa ia eiatho.
Enoi/iee iiaeao auoue aeiionoeiui (a neeo caeiiiie oi?-
iu), ii ia ioiineiui (ionoonoaea niaea?aeaiey), a
oaeo-ioiineiui, ii ia aeiionoeiui (ionoonoaea caeii-
iie oi?iu)”2. “Enoi/iee” e “oaeoe/aneea aeaiiua”, acy-
oua naie ii naaa, a io?uaa ae?oa io ae?oaa, ia ia?acotho
aeieacaoaeuenoaa”3.

Ia neo/aeii caeii (no.no. 18 Iniia e 71 OIE), ?aao-
ee?oy ioeaieo aeieacaoaeuenoa, ia aiai?eo ioaeaeueii ia ioeai-

‘ Neiaa?ue nia?aiaiiiai ?onneiai eeoa?aoo?iiai ycuea. O. 16.
N. 968.

2 Aei?ioia A. ss. Oai?ey aeieacaoaeuenoa. N. 219.

3 Oai aea. N. 218.

ea oaeoe/aneeo aeaiiuo e ioaeaeueii ia ioeaiea enoi/ieeia^

Iiyoiio i?aaeeiaeaiea I. I. Ieoaaiei i iaiaoiaeeiinoe
aaaaeaiey a no. 17 Iniia e no. 70 OIE iieiaeaiee ia ioeai-
ea ia oieueei aeieacaoaeuenoa, ii e eo enoi/ieeia’ i?aaenoaa-
eyaony iaaeinoaoi/ii iainiiaaiiui e yaeyaony neaaenoaeai
ii?aaeaeaiey aeieacaoaeuenoa oieueei eae oaeoe/aneeo aeai–
iuo a io?uaa io eo enoi/ieeia.

Iniiaiie a?aoiaio noi?iiieeia ?anniio?aiey aeieaca-
oaeuenoa oieueei eae oaeoe/aneeo aeaiiuo ninoieo a oii,
/oi naaaeaiey ia iaeiii oaeoa (o. a. aeieacaoaeuenoaa) iiaoo
auoue iieo/aiu ec ianeieueeeo enoi/ieeia e, iaiai?io, ec
iaeiiai enoi/ieea iiaoo auoue iieo/aiu naaaeaiey i ian-
eieueeeo oaeoao2.

I?aeoeea ?anneaaeiaaiey oaieiaiuo aeae naeaeaoaeuenoao-
ao, /oi a iaeiii enoi/ieea aeaenoaeoaeueii iiaoo niaea?aeaoue-
ny naaaeaiey i ianeieueeeo oaeoao. Icia/aao ee yoi, /oi
oaeoe/aneea aeaiiua eae au. auoiaeyo ca ?aiee iaeiiai en-
oi/ieea e ia?acotho oaeei ia?acii naiinoiyoaeueiia (io
enoi/ieea) aeieacaoaeuenoai?

I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi yoi ia oae. Aeaaea anee ?anniao?e-

aaoue iaeii ianoiyoaeuenoai, iiaeeaaeauaa aeieacuaaieth, ia-
i?eia? niinia niaa?oaiey oeuaiey, oi noaiiaeony i/a-
aeaeiui, /oi iii ninoieo ec niaieoiiinoe oaeoia: niiniaa
nicaeaiey eceeoeia iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae, oneiaee eo
auaica n io?aiyaiie oa??eoi?ee, niiniaa i?enaiaiey,
nie?uoey (aoaee?iaaiey) a aeieoiaioao aooaaeoa?neie
io/aoiinoe e ae?. Yoe oaeou, a naith i/a?aaeue, iiaoo ?an-
iaaeaoueny ia ?yae ae?oaeo.

Iacaaeneii io oiai, naaaeaiey i neieueeeo oaeoao, ni-
noaaeythueo- niinia oeuaiey, i?aaenoaaeaiu a iaeiii en-
oi/ieea (iai?eia?, iieacaieyo eiie?aoiiai eeoea), aeiea-
caoaeuenoaii aoaeao aaeeinoai naaaeaiee ia ioaeaeueiii oaeoa,
niaea?aeauainy a enoi/ieea, iauai aeey ianeieueeeo a?oii
naaaeaiee.

Oae aea aeieaeai ?aoaoueny aii?in a oii neo/aa, eiaaea
ec ianeieueeeo enoi/ieeia iieo/aiu naaaeaiey ia iaeiii
oaeoa. Naaaeaiey ia yoii ioaeaeueiii oaeoa, niaea?aeauainy
a ianeieueeeo enoi/ieeao, aoaeoo ninoaaeyoue naiinoiyoaeue-

‘ Ieoaaiei I. I. E aii?ino i i?aaiaie ?aaeaiaioaoeee ioeaiee
aeieacaoaeuenoa e eo enoi/ieeia a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna.
N. 18. Aai aea. Aeieo. aeenn. N. 386-387.

2 Ea?iaaaa E. I. Aeieacaoaeuenoaa e aeieacuaaiea i?e i?iecaiae-
noaa ?anneaaeiaaiey. Ai?ueeee, 1977. N. 8; Ea?oyn E. Oeac. ?aaioa.
N. 9-11.

oa (ii eiee/anoao enoi/ieeia) aeieacaoaeuenoaa. Niaieoi-
iinoue oaeeo aeieacaoaeuenoa, i?e oneiaee eo aeia?iea/ano-
aaiiinoe, ii?aaeaeyao noaiaiue aa?iyoiinoe nouanoaiaaiey

yoiai ioaeaeueiiai oaeoa.

Neaaeoao niaeaneoueny n E. O. Oeueyiiaie, eioi?ay ie-
oao, /oi anee enoiaeeoue ec i?ioeaiiieiaeiie iiceoeee, oi
iiaeii i?eeoe e iai?eaieaiiio auaiaeo i niaieoiiinoe
aeieacaoaeuenoa i?e iaee/ee iaeiiai iieacaiey naeaeaoaey,
niaea?aeauaai ?acee/iua oaeoe/aneea aeaiiua, e ia ionoo-
noaee niaieoiiinoe aeieacaoaeuenoa i?e iaee/ee ianeieueeeo
enoi/ieeia ia iaeiii e oii aea oaeoa’.

Ii yoiio aea iooe eaeao e neaaenoaaiii-noaeaaiay i?ae-
oeea, iineieueeo a iaaeieoaeueiuo caeeth/aieyo e i?eai-
ai?ao oeacuaaaony, /oi, iai?eia?, oaeo i?enaiaiey ia-
aeiyaiui aeaiaaeiuo noii iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony aai iieacaiey-
ie (i oii-oi) e aiaeiae/iuie (i oii aea) iieacaieyie
Onaeaeaoaeae (oaeeo-oi). A aeaiiii neo/aa eaaeaeia ec naa-
aeaiee i oaeoa i?enaiaiey niaea?aeaeinue a ?aciuo enoi/-
ieeao, ii ioeaieaathony iie n iiceoeee ioiineiinoe, aeiio-
noeiinoe e aeinoiaa?iinoe eae naiinoiyoaeueiua aeieaca-
oaeuenoaa. Anee eaeia-oi ec yoeo naaaeaiee ia ioaa/aao ea-
eiio-eeai ec e?eoa?eaa ioeaiee, iii ec niaieoiiinoe aei-
eacaoaeuenoa eneeth/aaony.

Oa?aeoa?ii, /oi, iaicia/ay niioiioaiea oaeoe/aneeo
aeaiiuo e enoi/ieeia, aaoi?u ?anniao?eaaaiie oi/ee c?a-
iey ieooo, /oi iie “oanii naycaiu, ii ia ia?acotho aaeei-
noaa”, iaeiaei, ?ane?uaay oa?aeoa? yoie nayce, ii?aaeaeytho
aeieacaoaeuenoaa eae “naaaeaiey (eioi?iaoeeth) i oaeoao,
iieo/aiiua ec iaaeeaaeaueo enoi/ieeia”2.

O?oaeii niaeaneoueny n ?acaeaeaieai iiiyoee “aeieaca-
oaeuenoaaiiay eioi?iaoeey” e “aeieacaoaeuenoai”3, oai aieaa
i?eciaoue oeaeaniia?aciui ioeacaoueny aiana io oa?ieia
“aeieacaoaeuenoai”4.

Anee iiieiaoue iiae aeieacaoaeuenoaaie naaaeaiey i oae-
oao (eioi?iaoeeth), niaea?aeaueany a i?aaeoniio?aiiuo ca-
eiiii enoi/ieeao, oi iieueciaaiea oa?ieiaie “aeieaca-

‘ Oeueyiiaa E. O. I?iaa?ea aeieacaoaeuenoa a nenoaia i?ioeanno-
aeueiiai aeieacuaaiey.- A na.: Aeooaeueiua i?iaeaiu aeieacuaaiey a
niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. I., 1981. N. 37-38.

2 Ea?iaaaa E. I. Iiiyoea aeieacaoaeuenoa e eo enoi/ieee. – A o/aa-
ieea: Niaaoneee oaieiaiue i?ioeann. I., 1982. N. 122; Ea?iaaaa E. I.
Ea?oyn E. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 10.

3 Eieaeei A. ss., Iieaaie I. N. Eioi?iaoeeiiiua i??oeannu e
no?oeoo?u a e?eieiaeenoeea. I., 1985. N. 35-40.

4 Oeuioeia I. I. Oeac. noaouey. N. 147.

oaeuenoaaiiay eioi?iaoeey” e “aeieacaoaeuenoai” aiciiaeia
oieueei a ea/anoaa neiiieiia, eia/a iu iieo/ei “eioi?ia^
aeeiiioth eioi?iaoeeth”.

Anee aea iaiaoiaeeiinoue aaaaeaiey iiiyoey “aeieaca-
oaeuenoaaiiay eioi?iaoeey” naycaia n iaicia/aieai naaaea-
iee, iieo/aiiuo ec oeacaiiuo caeiiii enoi/ieeia aei
i?eciaiey oaeeo naaaeaiee aeinoiaa?iuie, oi niaeaneoueny
n yoei, ii iiaieth aaoi?a, iaeuecy.

A .niioaaonoaee n o?aaiaaieyie no. 71 OIE, n oi/ee
c?aiey aeinoiaa?iinoe ioeaieaathony eiaiii aeieacaoaeuenoaa,
e ie/oi eiia.

I?e oaeii iieiaeaiee iieo/aaony, /oi i?iiaaeooi/iua
i?ioeannoaeueiua ?aoaiey, i?eieiaaiua aei i?aaeuyaeaiey
iaaeiaiey, i?ae?auaiey aeaea, iinoaiiaeaiey i?eaiai?a,
iniiauaathony ia ia aeieacaoaeuenoaao, a yoi ia oae.

Enoiee iacaaiiie oi/ee c?aiey, ii-aeaeeiiio, a i?aoaa-
ee/aiee ?iee eioi?iaoeeiiiie nouiinoe aeieacaoaeuenoa
-a oua?a i?ioeannoaeueiie oi?ia.

Eae ni?aaaaeeeai ioia/aao I. I. Ieoaaiei, eniieueciaa-
iea oai?ee eioi?iaoeee aeey ?ane?uoey nouiinoe oaieia-
ii-i?ioeannoaeueiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa iiaeao auoue ieiaeioai?-
iui oieueei a oii neo/aa, anee ia caauaaoue i th?eaee/an-
eie i?e?iaea oeacaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa’.

E?iia yoiai, ioeai/iinoue iiceoeee A. A. Oaoaiueeeia,
I. I. Oeuioeiaa, A. A. Aeinioeiaa e ae?oaeo ninoieo a i?i-
oeaiiinoaaeaiee eiae/aneiai aeieacuaaiey i?ioeannoaeueiie
aeayoaeueiinoe ii niae?aieth aeieacaoaeuenoa.

Ecaanoii, /oi eiae/aneia aeieacuaaiea aano?aae?oaony
io niiniaia iieo/aiey naaaeaiee i oaeoao, a i?e oi?ie-
?iaaiee auaiaeiiai ciaiey iia?e?oao oaea ecaanoiuie, aei-
eacaiiuie noaeaeaieyie2.

Iaeiaei yoi ia icia/aao, /oi aeieacaoaeuenoaaie a i?i-
oeannoaeueiii niunea yaeythony oieueei aeinoiaa?iua naaaea-
iey, eniieuecoaiua a eiae/aneii aeieacuaaiee.

Cia/aiea i?ioeannoaeueiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa aoaeoo eiaoue e
ia .aeeth/aiiua a i?aeoo eiae/aneiai aeieacuaaiey naaaea-
iey i oaeoao, niaea?aeaueany a i?aaeoniio?aiiuo caeiiii
enoi/ieeao. Eae ieieioi, ia iiiaio eo ioeaiee iie aei-
eacuaatho naith iaioiineiinoue e aeaeo.

E?iia oiai, ia?a/aiue naaaeaiee, aeieacuaathueo nouano-

‘ Ieoaaiei I. I. Aeieo. aeenn. N. 299.

2 Ia yoii ni.: Noa?/aiei A. A. Eiaeea a noaeaaiii enneaaeiaaiee
I., 1958. N. 19-29; Yeniai A. A. Eiaeea aeieacuaaiey. I., 1971
N, 8-21.

(iaaiea (eee ionoonoaea) ianoiyoaeuenoa, aoiaeyueo a i?aae-
iao aeieacuaaiey e ia aoiaeyueo a iaai, iiaeao eciaiyoue-
ny, a nayce n /ai neaaeiaaoaeue a iaaeieoaeueiii caeeth/a-
iee (no. 205 OIE.) e noae a i?eaiai?a (no. 314 OIE) aeieae-
iu oeacaoue aeieacaoaeuenoaa, ia eioi?uo iie iniiauaatho
naie auaiaeu, e iioeau, ii eioi?ui iie ioaa?aatho ae?oaea
aeieacaoaeuenoaa. Oa?aeoa?ii, /oi e caeanue caeii aiai?eo
eiaiii i aeieacaoaeuenoaao, .a oii /enea e oao, eioi?ua ia
ii?aaeaeaiiii yoaia ia auee eniieueciaaiu a eiae/aneii
aeieacuaaiee aeey oi?ie?iaaiey auaiaeiiai ciaiey.

Ii aii?ino i iiiyoee n?aaenoa aeieacuaaiey e eo niio-
iioaiee n enoi/ieeaie aeieacaoaeuenoa a iaoea niaaoneiai
oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna oaeaea iao aaeeinoaa acaeyaeia.

Ii iiaieth ?yaea aaoi?ia, n?aaenoaa aeieacuaaiey e en-
oi/ieee aeieacaoaeuenoa – iaeii e oi aea1. A nayce n yoei
I. N. No?iaiae/ ienae: “N?aaenoaa aeieacuaaiey-yoi ii-
?aaeaeaiiue, oeacaiiue a caeiia enoi/iee naaaeaiee i oae-
oao, i?e iiiiue eioi?uo yoe oaeou onoaiaaeeaathony”2.

Iaii?aaaeaiii oe?ieia ii niaea?aeaieth ii?aaeaeaiea
n?aaenoa aeieacuaaiey aeaao O. I. Oaoeoeeei, ioiiny e iei
niiniau iieo/aiey aeieacaoaeuenoa, enoi/ieee aeieaca-
oaeuenoa e nianoaaiii aeieacaoaeuenoaa3.

A. Ae. A?naiueaa iieaaaao, /oi n?aaenoaa aeieacuaaiey ia
yaeythony enoi/ieeaie naaaeaiee i oaeoao, oioy iineaaeiea
e niaea?aeaony a yoeo n?aaenoaao, ia?acoy eo niaea?aeaiea4,
iniiaiie, aeaaiue yeaiaio iiiyoey n?aaenoa aeieacuaaiey

ninoaaeytho naaaeaiey i oaeoao5.

A. ss. Aei?ioia noaaee ciae ?aaainoaa iaaeaeo n?aaenoaii
aeieacuaaiey e aeieacaoaeuenoaii eae aaeeinoaii oaeoe/an-
eeo aeaiiuo e eo i?ioeannoaeueiie oi?iu. “Noaeaaiia aeiea-
caoaeuenoai, – ienae ii, – anaaaea eiaao iauaeoeaiia ni-

‘ Aeiaa?a A. E., Ieiueeianeee A. I., ?aooiia ?. Ae. Einaaiiua
aeieacaoaeuenoaa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. I., 1956. N. 5;

Ia?eia E. Ae. Ia iniiaao oaieiaiiai noaeii?iecaiaenoaa Nithca NN? e
nithciuo ?anioaeee. – A na.: Aaaeiue yoai a ?acaeoee niaaoneiai i?aaa.
I., 1960. N. 57; Aaeeei A. I. N?aaenoaa aeieacuaaiey a oaieiaiii

i?ioeanna. *. 1. I., 1967. N. 6.

2 No?iaiae/ I. N. Eo?n niaaoneiai oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna. I., 1958.
N. 161. Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi ?aiaa I. N. No?iaiae/ n/eoae aeieaca-
oaeuenoaa n?aaenoaaie onoaiiaeaiey oaeoe/aneeo ianoiyoaeuenoa aeaea a
niioaaonoaee n aeaenoaeoaeueiinoueth (No?iaiae/ I. N. Iaoa?eaeueiay
enoeia e noaeaaiua aeieacaoaeuenoaa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna.
I., 1955. N. 236).

3 Oaoeoeeei O. I. Oeac. ni/. N. 101.

4 A?naiueaa A. Ae. Oeac. ni/. N, 99.
6 Oai aea. N. 85.

aea?aeaiea (io?aaeaiiue oaeo iauaeoeaiie ?aaeueiinoe) e _
noauaeoeaioth oi?io (io?aaeaiea a niciaiee eiie?aoiiai
noauaeoa) – yeaiaiou, oa?aeoa?iua aeey ethaiai i?ioeanna
iiciaiey, a oii /enea e aeey i?ioeanna iiciaiey, eioi?ue
i?ienoiaeeo i?e oi?ie?iaaiee noaeaaiiai aeieacaoaeuenoaa.
Ia?ae/iuie a yoii aaeeinoaa yaeythony oaeoe/aneea aeai-
iua (niaea?aeaiea), aoi?e/iuie-enoi/iee (oi?ia). Aei-
eacaoaeuenoai a oeaeii yaeyaony n?aaenoaii aeieacuaaiey”1.

I.I. Na?aetheia i?aaeeueii ioia/aao, /oi i?e anai ?ac-
ee/ee a enoieeiaaiee n?aaenoa aeieacuaaiey iiiaea aaoi-
?u oae eee eia/a noiaeyony a iaeiii – oa?iei yoio eeoai
aeey ieo eaeiai-eeai naiinoiyoaeueiiai niaea?aeaiey, ii-
neieueeo o iaeieo ii ?aaiicia/ai “enoi/ieeo aeieacaoaeuenoa”,
o ae?oaeo icia/aao “aeieacaoaeuenoai a oeaeii”, o o?aoueeo
yaeyaony neiiieiii “aeieacaoaeuenoaa n oi/ee c?aiey ni-
aea?aeaueony a iai naaaeaiee”2.

I?aaenoaaeyaony, iaeiaei, /oi ii?aaeaeeoue n?aaenoaa aeiea-
cuaaiey aiciiaeii eeoue /a?ac aiaeec eo yoeiieiae/anei-
ai cia/aiey.

Oa?iei “n?aaenoai” iau/ii oiio?aaeyaony. a aeaoo cia-
/aieyo:

oi, /oi neoaeeo eaeie-eeai oeaee, iaiaoiaeeii aeey aei-
noeaeaiey, inouanoaeaiey /aai-eeai;

i?eai, niinia aeaenoaey aeey inouanoaeaiey, aeinoeaea-
iey /aai-eeai3.

I/aaeaeii, /oi anee ?anniao?eaaoue oa?iei “n?aaenoai” a

ia?aii aai cia/aiee, oi anoue ana iniiaaiey ooaa?aeaeaoue,
/oi n?aaenoaaie aeieacuaaiey yaeythony aeieacaoaeuenoaa.
Eiaiii n eo iiiiuueth, ia iniiaaiee aeieacaoaeuenoa, ia-
?acothueo ii?aaeaeaiioth niaieoiiinoue, i?eciaaaaioth nea-
aeiaaoaeai, i?ieo?i?ii, noaeii e eeoeii, i?iecaiaeyuei aei-
caaiea, aeinoaoi/iie, onoaiaaeeaathony ianoiyoaeuenoaa, ni-
noaaeythuea i?aaeiao aeieacuaaiey, e i?eieiathony ana
i?ioeannoaeueiua ?aoaiey. Eiaiii aeieacaoaeuenoaa neoaeao
oeaee i?aainoaeey-aeinoeaeaieth iauaeoeaiie enoeiu, e

eiaiii n iiiiuueth eo yoa enoeia iiaeao auoue onoaiiaeaia

e onoaiaaeeaaaony.

Yoi, iaeiaei, ia eneeth/aao ioianaiey e n?aaenoaai aei-
eacuaaiey eiie?aoiuo i?eaiia, niiniaia niae?aiey aeiea-

eacaoaeuenoa.

‘ Aei?ioia A. ss. Iiiyoea aeieacaoaeuenoa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii
i?ioeanna//Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai. 1964. ? 9. N. 113.

2 Na?aetheia I. I. Oeac. ni/. N. 58.

3 Neiaa?ue nia?aiaiiiai ?onneiai eeoa?aoo?iiai ycuea I.-E.,

1963. O. 14. N. 645.

4 Caeac 6297 49

Oaeou, eae oaea ?aiaa ioia/aeinue, nouanoaotho iacaae-
neii io i?ioeannoaeueiiai aeieacuaaiey, e aeieacaoaeuenoaaie
noaiiayony oieueei eeoue naaaeaiey i ieo iinea eo ecaea-
/aiey a oeacaiiii caeiiii ii?yaeea ec ii?aaeaeaiiuo ii-
neoaeae. I?ioeann iieo/aiey oaeie eioi?iaoeee i?aaenoaa-
eyao niaie niaieoiiinoue i?eaiia, niiniaia, o. a. n?aaenoa.
A yoii niunea n?aaenoaaie aeieacuaaiey yaeythony i?ioean-
noaeueiua aeaenoaey, i?iecaiaenoai eioi?uo i?eaiaeeo e ii-
eo/aieth aeieacaoaeuenoa!’.

Iaeaieaa oi/iia ii?aaeaeaiea n?aaenoa aeieacuaaiey
iiaeii aeaoue, i?eiaiea iaeioi?ua ec iieiaeaiee oai?ee
eioi?iaoeee i eaiaea nayce (eioi?iaoeeiiiii eaiaea),
iiae eioi?ui iiieiaaony niaieoiiinoue n?aaenoa, iaania/e-
aathueo ia?aaea/o eioi?iaoeee io aa “ioi?aaeoaey” aei
“aae?anaoa” (iieo/aoaey)2.

N yoeo iiceoeee n?aaenoaa aeieacuaaiey (i?ioeannoaeue-
iua aeaenoaey) i?aaenoaaeytho niaie iooue (eaiae) aeaeaea-
iey eioi?iaoeee io ii?aaeaeaiiiai iineoaey (/aeiaae, aa-
ue, iaoa?eaeueiay ianoaiiaea) e noauaeoo aeieacuaaiey
(neaaeiaaoaeue, noae, i?aaiu aeiciaiey)3. Yoio iooue, a naith
i/a?aaeue, ninoieo ec iaeioi?ie niaieoiiinoe i?eaiia e
niiniaia ecaea/aiey aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiie eioi?iaoeee,
i?aaeaea anaai n iiiiuueth neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee.

?anniio?aiea n?aaenoa aeieacuaaiey eae eaiaeia ia?a-

* Aiaeiae/ii n?aaenoaa aeieacuaaiey ii?aaeaeythony I. I. Na?aeth-
eiaui (Na?aetheia I. I. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 59), a oaeaea A. Ae. Niei-
aueaaui e A. I. Na?aoeiaui (Nieiaueaa A. Ae., Na?aoeia A. I. En^
iieueciaaiea a neaaenoaaiiie ?aaioa iaoa?eaeia, iieo/aiiuo a ?acoeue-
oaoa i?eiyoey iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia?. – A na.: E?eieiaeenoeea e
noaeaaiay yenia?oeca. Eeaa, 1967. N. 124). Iiaeii n/eoaoue, /oi oaeiai
aea iiaiey i?eaea?aeeaaaony N. A. Oaeoa?, eiaaea ieoao i neaaenoaai-
iuo aeaenoaeyo eae niiniaao oi?ie?iaaiey aeieacaoaeuenoa (A na.: Ae-
ooaeueiua i?iaeaiu aeieacuaaiey a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. I.,
1981. N. 43-46), a oaeaea E. E. Iao?ooei, n/eoathuee yenia?oeco
n?aaenoaii aeieacuaaiey (Iao?ooei E. E. Yenia?oeca eae n?aaenoai aei-
eacuaaiey a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. I., 1964).

2 Iiae?iaiaa ia eioi?iaoeeiiiuo eaiaeao ni.: Oaiiia E. ?aaiau
ii oai?ee eioi?iaoeee e eeaa?iaoeea. I., 1963. N. 245-246; Iie-
naaa A. Ae. Oeaio?aeueiua eaeae e oeeinioneea iniiau eeaa?iaoeee. I.,
1965. N. 166-181; O?noe A. Ae. [I?e?iaea eioi?iaoeee. I., 1968.
N. 11-94.

3 O?onia A. E. ieoao ia yoii a noaouea “Noaeaaiia aeieacuaaiea a
naaoa eaeae eeaa?iaoeee” (Na.: Aii?inu eeaa?iaoeee e i?aai. I.,
1967. N. 28). I?io. E. Aeaaeeie?ia aua a i?ioeii aaea ioia/ae, /oi
“aeieacaoaeuenoaa aeieaeiu aeinoeaaoue noaeae oieueei ii ecaanoiui eaia-
eai, caeiiii onoaiiaeaiiui e, i?e ecaanoiuo oneiaeyo, ninoaaeyth-
uei i?eaiu oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna” (Aeaaeeie?ia E. Oeac. o?oae.
N. 147).

aea/e aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiie eioi?iaoeee naeeaeaao yoi iiiy-
oea n iiiyoeai “enoi/iee aeieacaoaeuenoaa”, /oi, iaeiaei,
ia iaeii e oi aea.

A eeoa?aoo?iii ycuea enoi/iee iiieiaaony eae oi, /oi
aeaao ia/aei /aio-ieaoaeue, eae eeoei, aeathuaa eaeea-eeai
naaaeaiey, inaaaeiieythuaa i /ai-eeai, e eae ienueiaiiue
.iaiyoiee, aeieoiaio, eniieuecoaiue i?e iao/iii enneaaei-
aaiee’.

Aeecei e yoiio ii?aaeaeythony enoi/ieee aeieacaoaeuenoa
a /. II no. ’17 Iniia e /. II no. 69 OIE, aaea auaeaeythony,
iaeiaei, ia eeoea, a eo iieacaiey ia?yaeo n caeeth/aieai ye-
nia?oia, aauanoaaiiuie aeieacaoaeuenoaaie, aeieoiaioaie,
Oi?ioieieaie neaaenoaaiiuo e noaeaaiuo aeaenoaee.

Iineoaeyie eioi?iaoeee (naaaeaiee i oaeoao) iiaoo
auoue eae noauaeou (eeoea, caieiathuea niioaaonoaothuaa
i?ioeannoaeueiia iieiaeaiea), oae e iauaeou iaoa?eaeueii-
ai ie?a2 (i?aaeiaou, iiaouea auoue aauanoaaiiuie aeiea-
caoaeuenoaaie e aeieoiaioaie, iaiin?aaenoaaiiua neaaeu
i?anooieaiey e iaoa?eaeueiay ianoaiiaea iinea aai niaa?-
oaiey).

Enoi/ieeaie aeieacaoaeuenoa niioaaonoaaiii yaeythony:

ai-ia?auo, iieacaiey oeacaiiuo a caeiia noauaeoia;

ai-aoi?uo, aauanoaaiiua aeieacaoaeuenoaa, aeieoiaiou,
i?ioieieu neaaenoaaiiuo e noaeaaiuo aeaenoaee, caeeth/aiey
, yenia?oia.

Aaconeiaii, /oi oaeea enoi/ieee aeieacaoaeuenoa, eae
iieacaiey ii?aaeaeaiiuo eeoe, ia iiaoo noi?ie?iaaoueny aia
i?aaeoniio?aiiuo a caeiia i?ioeannoaeueiuo oi?i, e eioi-
?ui iaiaoiaeeii ioianoe ii?yaeie, oneiaey, iineaaeiaaoaeue-
iinoue niaa?oaiey oaeeo neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee, eae, ia-
i?eia?, aeii?in, i/iay noaaea, i?iaa?ea iieacaiee ia ia-
noa niaa?oaiey i?anooieaiey e o. ae.

Neiaeiaa ianoieo aii?in n ii?aaeaeaieai enoi/ieeia aei-
eacaoaeuenoa aauanoaaiiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey.

?anniao?eaay aii?in ia enoi/ieeao aauanoaaiiuo aei-
eacaoaeuenoa, I. N. Yeueeeiae ienaea, /oi a neeo iauaeoea-
iuo naienoa aeieacaoaeuenoa ii oaieiaiiio aeaeo iaaiciiae-
ii ioaeaeeoue enoi/ieee io oaeoe/aneeo aeaiiuo, o. e. a /en-
ea aeieacaoaeuenoa caeiiiaeaoaeue iacuaaao aauanoaaiiua

‘ Neiaa?ue nia?aiaiiiai ?onneiai eeoa?aoo?iiai ycuea. O. 5. AI
NNN?. I., 1956. N. 555.

2 I aaue eae iineoaea eioi?iaoeee caeanue e aeaeaa iu aiai?ei
oneiaii, oae eae iia yaeyaony, no?iai aiai?y, iineoaeai naienoa,
ninoiyiee, i?eciaeia, a ia eioi?iaoeee.

aeieacaoaeuenoaa; Iieo/aaony, /oi enoi/ieeaie aauanoaai-
iuo aeieacaoaeuenoa yaeythony naie aauanoaaiiua aeieaca-
oaeuenoaa”.

?. N. Aaeeei n/eoaao, /oi a aeaiiii neo/aa iaeeoei oaa-
oieiaey – enoi/ieeaie aeieacaoaeuenoa neoaeao aauanoaai-
iua aeieacaoaeuenoaa, aeieacaoaeuenoaa yaeythony enoi/ieea-
ie naieo naay. Ii aai iiaieth, i?aaeeueiaa auei au aiai-
?eoue i oaeii enoi/ieea aeieacaoaeuenoa, “eae aaue, i?aae-
iaou, aauanoaaiiua ia?aciaaiey”2.

A nayce n yoei A. A. Yeniai iieaaaao, /oi iiiyoey
aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiiai oaeoa, enoi/ieea aeieacaoaeuenoa e
n?aaenoaa aeieacuaaiey i?eeiaeeiu oieueei e ee/iui aeiea-
caoaeuenoaai, a a aauanoaaiiuo ana yoe iiiyoey niaiaaeatho,
neeaathony3. No?aieaiea ii?iaa?aiooue iiaeiaiia iiaiea
i?eaaei A. ss. Aei?ioiaa e ioeai/iiio, ii iiaieth aaoi-
?a, ooaa?aeaeaieth i oii, /oi enoi/ieeaie aauanoaaiiuo
aeieacaoaeuenoa e aeieoiaioia yaeythony eeoea, eo iaia?oaeea-
oea eee i?aaenoaaeaoea, a enoi/ieeaie i?ioieieia neaae-
noaaiiuo e noaeaaiuo aeaenoaee-eeoea, eo ninoaaeaoea4.

I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi oaeia iiaiea a iaeioi?ie ia?a
iiae?uaaao iauaeoeaioth iniiao oi?ie?iaaiey aeieaca-
oaeuenoa a i?ioeanna aeieacuaaiey.

Ioeaea caeanue caeeth/aaony a i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiee aeaoo
oi?i (/oanoaaiiie e ?aoeeiiaeueiie) aaeeiiai i?ioeanna ii-
ciaiey. Aua i?io. Aeaaeeie?ia E. ioia/ae, /oi “ioeaea
a aeaea iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai iiciaiey caeeth/aaony a niaoa-
iee iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai aini?eyoey n caeeth/aieai, eioi-
?ia iu aeaeaai ia aai iniiaa. Iu /anoi aiai?ei, /oi ia-
iin?aaenoaaiii aini?eieiaai oi, /oi a .nouiinoe oieueei
caeeth/aiea ia iniiaaiee iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai iuouaiey”5.

?aiaa oaea ioia/aeanue aaaeiay ?ieue noauaeoa aeieacu-
aaiey a iiciaiee eioi?iaoeee, iineoaeai eioi?ie yaey-

‘ Yeueeeiae I. N. A oeac. ei. N. 100.

2 Aaeeei ? N Oeac. ni/. N. 15. Aiaeiae/iia iiaiea auaeayaii
A. A. Yeniaiii (Yeniai A. A. Oeac. noaouey. N. 93), A?naiueaaui A. Ae.
(A?naiueaa A. Ae. Aauanoaaiiua aeieacaoaeuenoaa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii
i?ioeanna. Aaoi?ao. eaiae. aeenn. I., 1957. N. 3).

3 Yeniai A. A. Oeac. noaouey. N. 92, 94.

4 Aei?ioia A. ss. Iiiyoea enoi/ieea aeieacaoaeuenoa. A na.: Aeoo-
aeueiua i?iaeaiu aeieacuaaiey a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. N. 9.

Iiaiea i oii, /oi caeeth/aiea yenia?oa yaeyaony aeieacaoaeueno-
aii, a yenia?o – aai enoi/ieeii, auneacae A?naiueaa A. Ae. a noaouea
“I iiiyoee caeeth/aiey yenia?oa a naaoa iauae oai?ee noaeaaiuo aei-
eacaoaeuenoa”. Na. iao/iuo o?oaeia AIEENY. Aui. 21. I., 1976.
N. 39-40.

5 Aeaaeeie?ia E. Oeac. ?aa. N. A.

52 .

thony i?aaeiaou iaauanoaeaiiiai oa?aeoa?a. Yoi, iaeiaei,
ia aeaeaao neaaeiaaoaey, noae, i?aai aeiciaiey enoi/ieeaie
oaeeo aeieacaoaeuenoa, eae aeieoiaiou, i?ioieieu, aauano-
aaiiua aeieacaoaeuenoaa.

Anee enoiaeeoue ec ?acee/ey iineoaey eioi?iaoeee e
enoi/ieea aeieacaoaeuenoaa, oi ieeaeie oaaoieiaee a caei-
ia iao.

Iineoaeyie eioi?iaoeee a ?anniao?eaaaiuo neo/ayo
yaeythony i?aaeiaou iaoa?eaeueiiai ie?a, iaiin?aaenoaaiii
aini?eieiaaiua neaaeu i?anooieaiey e iaoa?eaeueiay ia-
noaiiaea, a enoi/ieeaie aeieacaoaeuenoa-?acoeueoaou ec-
aea/aiey eioi?iaoeee ec yoeo iineoaeae a onoaiiaeaiiii
caeiiii ii?yaeea eee i?eaea/aiea eo a i?ioeann aeieacu-
aaiey n niaethaeaieai o?aaiaaiee i?ioeannoaeueiie oi?iu.

Oaeei ia?acii, e a ioiioaiee iaauanoaeaiiuo enoi/-
ieeia aeieacaoaeuenoa n?aaenoaa aeieacuaaiey a aeaea i?ioean-
noaeueiuo aeaenoaee aunooiatho a ea/anoaa naycothuaai caa-
ia iaaeae^_ iineoaeyie eioi?iaoeee e enoi/ieeaie aeieaca-
oaeuenoa. “‘——–

Eioi?iaoeey i i?anooieaiee e eeoea, aai niaa?oeaoai,
iineoaeyie eioi?ie yaeythony eae eeoea, caieiathuea ni-
ioaaonoaothuaa i?ioeannoaeueiia iieiaeaiea, oae e aauano-
aaiiua iauaeou, a i?ioeanna e n iiiiuueth i?ioeannoaeueiuo
aeaenoaee (n?aaenoa aeieacuaaiey) ia?aiineony io yoiai ii-
neoaey e enoi/ieeo aeieacaoaeuenoaa, niaoeeoe/aneiio aeey
oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna iineoaeth eioi?iaoeee.

Iai?eia?, iaoa?eaeueiay ianoaiiaea i?anooieaiey (ii-
neoaeue eioi?iaoeee) iinea aa iniio?a (i?ioeannoaeueiia
aeaenoaea-n?aaenoai aeieacuaaiey) neaaeiaaoaeai io?aaea-
aony a i?ioieiea iniio?a, eioi?ue noaiiaeony enoi/ieeii
aeieacaoaeuenoaa.

Enoi/ieeii aeieacaoaeuenoaa yaeyaony i?ioieie, a ia
neaaeiaaoaeue.

Aiaeiae/ii aeieaeai ?aoaoueny aii?in ia enoi/ieea ia-
ia?oaeaiiiai noauaeoii aeieacuaaiey eee i?aaenoaaeaiiiai
iineaaeiaio aauanoaaiiiai aeieacaoaeuenoaa eee aeieoiai-
oa. Ei (enoi/ieeii) aoaeoo naie yoe i?aaeiaou eae iauae-
ou iaoa?eaeueiiai ie?a, a ia eeoea, eo iaia?oaeeaoea eee
i?aaenoaaeaoea. A ?acoeueoaoa aeii?ina ii iiaiaeo iaia?o-
aeaiiiai eee i?aaenoaaeaiiiai iiaoo noi?ie?iaaoueny ae?o-
aea enoi/ieee aeieacaoaeuenoa – iieacaiey.

A /ai aea oiaaea ?acieoea iaaeaeo aauueth eae iineoaeai
eioi?iaoeee e aauueth eae enoi/ieeii aeieacaoaeuenoaa?

N eioi?iaoeeiiiuo iiceoeee ?acieoeu iao, a n oaieia-
ii-i?ioeannoaeueiuo iiceoeee ?acieoea aanueia nouanoaaiiay.

Nooue aa a niiniaa i?eaea/aiey yoie aaue a oaieiaiue
i?ioeann, a i?eiaiaiee e iae n?aaenoa aeieacuaaiey – i?i-
oeannoaeueiuo aeaenoaee, niaa?oaaiuo n niaethaeaieai o?a-
aiaaiee i?ioeannoaeueiie” oi?iu. O

A eeoa?aoo?a auei ioia/aii, /oi e yeaiaioai yoie oi?-
iu ioiinyony:

i?ioeannoaeueiue aeieoiaio, niaea?aeauee aeaiiua i
i?ienoiaeaeaiee iaoa?eaeueiiai iauaeoa;

i?ioieie aai iniio?a;

iinoaiiaeaiea i i?eiauaiee aeaiiiai iauaeoa e aeaeo;

.iauaeo, i?eiauaiiue a “iaoo?a”‘.

I?e yoii ioia/aaony, /oi “oieueei niaieoiiinoue oeacai-
iuo yeaiaioia iaoneiaeeaaao i?aa?auaiea iauaeoa, ii-
aouaai auoue aauanoaaiiui aeieacaoaeuenoaii, a aauanoaai-
iia aeieacaoaeuenoai”2, a “ionoonoaea ethaiai ec ieo aeaeaao
aauanoaaiiia aeieacaoaeuenoai ii?i/iui n oi/ee c?aiey
aai i?ioeannoaeueiie oi?iu”3.

I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi aeey oaeiai eaoaai?e/iiai auaiaea
a oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiii caeiia ia niaea?aeeony niioaao-
noaothueo iniiaaiee.

Ai-ia?auo, caeii iaaeinoaoi/ii /aoei ii?aaeaeee yoio
iiiaio. I?eia?ii oiio iiaeao auoue oaeno no. 178 OIE,
aaea aiai?eony i oii, /oi iniio? ianoa i?ienoanoaey i?i-
aiaeeony aeey iaia?oaeaiey neaaeia e aauanoaaiiuo aeieaca-
oaeuenoa, /ai i?aaeoniio?aia aiciiaeiinoue iiyaeaiey aa-
uanoaaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa a iiiaio iniio?a. A noaouea 84
OIE aiai?eony ia iniio?a e i?eiauaiee e aeaeo ia i?aae-
iaoia e aeieoiaioia, eioi?ua auee ecuyou a oiaea neaaeno-.
aaiiiai aeaenoaey, a aauanoaaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa.

Ai-aoi?uo, ?yae i?aaeiaoia iaoa?eaeueiiai ie?a, eioi-
?ua a niioaaonoaee ni no. 83 OIE ?NON? iiaoo auoue
e?eciyiu aauanoaaiiuie aeieacaoaeuenoaaie, ia i?aeoeea
ia iniao?eaathony e i i?eiauaiee eo e aeaeo niaoeeaeueii-
ai iinoaiiaeaiey ia auiineony, /oi, iaeiaei, ia eneeth/aao
eo i?eciaiey aauanoaaiiuie aeieacaoaeuenoaaie. E iei,
a aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa, iiaoo auoue ioianaiu aeaiueae, ia-
aeeoua i?anooiiui iooai, e iee?i/anoeoeu, eioi?ua, eae
i?aaeei, iaia?oaeeaathony a oiaea yenia?oiiai enneaaeiaaiey.

A-o?aoueeo, i?e ?ac?aoaiee oaieiaiiai aeaea noaeueaa
ecuyouo eee i?aaenoaaeaiiuo, ii ia iniio?aiiuo e ia

‘ Noaie/aa N. N. A oai?ee aeieacaoaeuenoa… I., 1973. N;. 648.
‘ 2 Oai aea.

3 Eiei?aa E. Ae. A ei.: I?iaeaiu aeieacaoaeuenoa a niaaoneii oai-
eiaiii i?ioeanna. Ai?iiaae, 1978. N. 181.

i?eiauaiiuo e aeaeo aauanoaaiiuo iauaeoia ?aoaaony a
niioaaonoaee ni no. 86 OIE, ii i?aaeeai, i?aaeoniio?ai-
iui ii ioiioaieth e aauanoaaiiui aeieacaoaeuenoaai,
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, iaeeaaeiay, ni neaaeaie ooie/ea/aei-ie-i en-
i?aaeaiey aoaeao aauanoaaiiui’aeieacaoaeuenoaii oaea i?e
iiaeienaiee ‘neaaeiaaoaeai niioaaonoaothuaai i?ioieiea -i
aa ecuyoee.

Aiaeiae/iia Iiaiea auei auneacaii E. Ea?oynii e aa-
oi?aie eiiiaioa?ey e OIE Aaei?onneie NN?1.

Eae i?aaeeueii ioia/aao I. I. Ieoaaiei, “ioeaiea aei-
eacaoaeuenoa ii aioo?aiiaio oaaaeaeaieth ia iiiaio i?eiy-
oey eaaeaeiai ?aoaiey yaeyaony ieii/aoaeueiie, a ia i?aae.
aa?eoaeueiie. Anee aiineaaenoaee aoaeao i?eiyoi iiaia ?a-
oaiea, oi yoi iiaia ?aoaiea aoaeao i?eiyoi ia iniiaa ii-
aie ioeaiee aeieacaoaeuenoa, i?aaeuaeouay aea ioeaiea ia ii-
aeao auoue ioiaiaia eee eciaiaia, iia iaanaaaea inoaiaony
naa?oeaoeiny oaeoii”2.

I?e iaia?oaeaiee i?aaeiaoa a i?ioeanna neaaenoaaiiiai
aeaenoaey neaaeiaaoaeue ioeaieaaao aai n oi/ee c?aiey ni-
aea?aeaueony a iai naaaeaiee e eo ioiineiinoe. Oaeo aai
i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai iniio?a e ecuyoey, aoaeo/e’ io?aaeaiiui
a i?ioieiea, i?aa?auaao i?aaeiao ec i?inoie aaue a aa-
uanoaaiiia aeieacaoaeuenoai. Iinea iniio?a, enneaaeiaaiey
e iaia?oaeaiey (eee iaiaia?oaeaiey) i?eciaeia i?anooi-
iiai aicaeaenoaey yoi aauanoaaiiia aeieacaoaeuenoai ioeaie-
aaaony aiiaue, n o/aoii ae?oaeo nia?aiiuo ii aeaeo aeieaca-
oaeuenoa. A ?acoeueoaoa yoie ioeaiee iiaeao auoue i?eiyoi
eae ?aoaiea i i?eiauaiee aauanoaaiiiai aeieacaoaeuenoaa
(a ia i?aaeiaoa, aaue – no. 84 OIE) e oaieiaiiio aeaeo,
oae e eiia ?aoaiea a niioaaonoaee ni no. 86 OIE.

I/aaeaeii, enoiee oaeie oi/ee c?aiey a niaoaiee ii-
iaioa i?eciaiey aauanoaaiiiai iauaeoa enoi/ieeii aei-
eacaoaeuenoaa n i?eiyoeai ?aoaiey i i?eiauaiee aai e
oaieiaiiio aeaeo, a iie ia anaaaea niaiaaeatho.

A oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiie eeoa?aoo?a auneacuaaeenue
iiaiey i iaiaoiaeeiinoe aiana ioeacaoueny io iiiyoey “en-
oi/iee aeieacaoaeuenoaa”3 eee io iaeiaiiaaiey iieacaiee,
caeeth/aiee yenia?oia, aauanoaaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa enoi/-

4 Ea?oyn E. Iniiau oai?ee aauanoaaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa. N. 16;

Eiiiaioa?ee e OIE Aaei?onneie NN?. Ieine, 1973. N. 95.

2 Ieoaaiei I. I. E aii?ino i i?aaiaie ?aaeaiaioaoeee ioeaiee
aeieacaoaeuenoa e eo enoi/ieeia a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna.-A.
na.: Aeooaeueiua i?iaeaiu aeieacuaaiey a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioean-
na. IAe 1981. N. 19.

3 Na?aetheia I. I. Oeac, ni/. N. 38.

ieeaie, ec eioi?uo neaaeiaaoaeue iieo/aao aeieacaoaeuenoaa,
o. e. “enoi/iee” – yoi oi, /oi aeaao iniiao /aio-ieaoaeue,
oiaaea eae iiyaeaiea iieacaiee, caeeth/aiee, i?ioieieia
e o. i. yoi ia ia/aeueiue, a caaa?oathuee iiiaio niae?a-
iey aeieacaoaeuenoa. Aieaa i?aaeeueii n/eoaoue enoi/ieeaie
aeieacaoaeuenoa (oi/iaa, enoi/ieeaie oaeoe/aneeo aeaiiuo)
iauaeoeaii nouanoaothuea neaaeu niauoey’.

I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi oaeia iiaiea iaaeinoaoi/ii iain-
iiaaiii.

Enoi/iee aeieacaoaeuenoaa anoue niaoeeoe/aneee aeey oai-
” eiaiiai i?ioeanna iineoaeue aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiie eioi?ia-
oeee. Ii nouanoaoao e neoaeeo aeey nio?aiaiey eioi?iaoeee
i i?anooieaiee e eeoea, aai niaa?oeaoai, ai a?aiaie e
ia?aiina aa (eioi?iaoeee) a i?ino?ainoaa.

Aoaeo/e ninoaaiui e iaiouaieaiui yeaiaioii aeieaca-
oaeuenoaa eae i?ioeannoaeueiie eaoaai?ee, ii iieiinoueth ia-
oiaeeony a ?aieao oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna, oiaaea eae iineoaeue
eioi?iaoeee – ca aai i?aaeaeaie.

ssaeyynue ?acoeueoaoii ecaea/aiey eioi?iaoeee ec ii?a-
aeaeaiiiai iineoaey n iiiiuueth i?aaeoniio?aiiuo caeiiii
n?aaenoa, enoi/iee aeieacaoaeuenoaa aeaenoaeoaeueii yaeyaony
caaa?oaieai ii?aaeaeaiiiai yoaia niae?aiey aeieaca-
oaeuenoa. Ii yoio yoai – ia/aei aeieacuaaiey, e i?e aeeth-
/aiee iieo/aiiuo oaeei ia?acii iieacaiee, aauanoaai-
iuo aeieacaoaeuenoa e ae?oaeo enoi/ieeia a i?ioeann aeieacu-
aaiey iie noaiiayony oai, /oi aeaao ia/aei aeaeueiaeoaio
i?ioeanno aeieacuaaiey, ioeoaea /a?iathony naaaeaiey i oae-
oao, iiaeeaaeaueo aeieacuaaieth i?e i?eiyoee anao i?ioean-
noaeueiuo ?aoaiee. Oaeei ia?acii, enoi/ieee – iieaca-
iey, i?ioieieu, aauanoaaiiua aeieacaoaeuenoaa, aeieoiai-
ou-noaiiayony enoi/ieeaie naaaeaiee i i?anooieaiee e
eeoea, aai niaa?oeaoai.

Aianoa n oai, anee ioeacaoueny io iiiyoey “enoi/iee
aeieacaoaeuenoaa”, oi aicieeaao ?yae ia?ac?aoeiuo aii?i-
nia.

Eeoei auei aeii?ioaii a i?ioeanna ?anneaaeiaaiey, ii
e iiiaioo ?anniio?aiey aeaea a noaea, iai?eia?, oia?ei.
Eiaaony ee a aeaiiii neo/aa aeieacaoaeuenoai? Eacaeinue
au, ioaao ia yoio aii?in iiaeao auoue oieueei iieiaeeoaeue-
iui. Aeieacaoaeuenoai anoue, a aai enoi/iee-iieacaiey,
niaea?aeaueany a i?ioieiea. Iaeiaei anee niaeaneoueny n
I. I. Na?aetheiaui, oi iieo/eony, /oi aeieacaoaeuenoaa iao,

1 Oaeoa? N. A. Neaaenoaaiiia aeaenoaea eae niinia oi?ie?iaaiey
aeieacaoaeuenoa.-A na.: Aeooaeueiua i?iaeaiu aeieacuaaiey… N. 43.

oae eae iao eeoea, enoi/ieea oaeoe/aneeo aeaiiuo. Iaiain-
iiaaiiinoue oaeiai noaeaeaiey i/aaeaeia.

N iaceoeee I. I. Na?aethe@aa iaaiciiaeii iauynieoue
nio?aiaiea ai a?aiaie e ia?aianaiea a i?ino?ainoaa ei-
oi?iaoeee, ecaea/aiiie ec ii?aaeaeaiiuo iineoaeae n ii-
iiuueth i?ioeannoaeueiuo n?aaenoa.

Anee i?eiyoue i?aaeeiaeaiea I. I. Na?aetheiaa e
N. A. Oaeoa?a e ioeacaoueny io i?ioeannoaeueiie eaoaai?ee
“enoi/iee aeieacaoaeuenoaa”, caiaiea aai “enoi/ieeii oae-
oe/aneeo aeaiiuo”, oi iieo/eony, /oi iineaaeiee iaoiaeeony
ca i?aaeaeaie oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna. Anee aea aeieacaoaeueno-
ai – i?ioeannoaeueiay eaoaai?ey, oi ana yeaiaiou, aai ni-
noaaeythuea, aeieaeiu eiaoue i?ioeannoaeueiue oa?aeoa?.

Oaeei ia?acii, enoi/iee aeieacaoaeuenoaa ii?aaeaeyaony
aaoi?ii eae ?acoeueoao ecaea/aiey eioi?iaoeee ec i?aaeo-
niio?aiiiai a caeiia iineoaey n iiiiuueth onoaiiaeaiiuo
caeiiii n?aaenoa.

Enoi/iee aeieacaoaeuenoaa ia anoue aeieacaoaeuenoai a oea-
eii. Ii iaeei ec aeaoo ninoaaeythueo aeieacaoaeuenoai yea-
iaioia, aai /anoue. Naaaeaiey, niaea?aeaueany a enoi/ieea,
yaeythony naiaai ?iaea eioi?iaoeeiiiui yae?ii e a niai-
eoiiinoe n enoi/ieeii ia?acotho aeieacaoaeuenoai, a i?i-
oeannoaeueiua aeaenoaey, niaa?oaaiua a oneiaeyo i?ioeanno-
aeueiie oi?iu, yaeythony, ia iao acaeyae, eioi?iaoeeii-
iui eaiaeii, naycuaathuei iineoaeue eioi?iaoeee n oai-
eiaiui i?ioeannii.

I?ioeannoaeueiay oi?ia oanii naycaia n oi?ie?iaaie-
ai enoi/ieea aeieacaoaeuenoaa, ath ii?aaeaeythony oneiaey,
ii?yaeie e iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue niaa?oaiey i?ioeannoaeueiuo
aeaenoaee, iai?aaeaiiuo ia ecaea/aiea eioi?iaoeee ec
i?aaeoniio?aiiuo a caeiia iineoaeae.

Ianiaethaeaiea o?aaiaaiee i?ioeannoaeueiie oi?iu noa-
aeo iiae niiiaiea aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiia cia/aiea (iauae-
oeaiinoue, enoeiiinoue) iieo/aiiie eioi?iaoeee e eeoaao
?acoeueoaou i?ioeannoaeueiiai aeaenoaey noaoona enoi/ieea
aeieacaoaeuenoaa.

Oaeei ia?acii, oeacaiea _B_JQloJioBHQ-npoueccyanbHOM
caeiia ia eiie?aoiua niiniau ecaea/aiey “eioi?iaoeee
ecJCJIpEAeeeaiyaao-4we”oeey e niaethaeaiea ii?yaeea, oneiaee
e iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe i?eiaiaiey yoiai niiniaa “a “?yaea
i^ioeanno1eueiuA’AEenoOee~?noue ia?aue e iniiaiie E?eoa- ‘
?ee aeey ?aca?aie/aiey i?ioeannoaeueiie (aeieacaoaeuenoaai-
iie) e iai?ioeannoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee.

Ii yoiio i?eciaeo io aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiie eioi?iaoeee
ioa?aie/eaaaony i?aaeaea anaai eioi?iaoeey, iieo/aiiay a

oiaea i?eiyoey iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia?’ e ae?oaeo iai?i-
oeannoaeueiuo aeaenoaee.

A ?acoeueoaoa i?eiaiaiey iineaaeieo oi?ie?othony en-
oi/ieee iai?ioeannoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee, oiaaea eae npir
i?iecaiaenoaa i?ioeannoaeueiuo aeaenoaee – enoi/ieee aeiea-
caoaeuenoa.

Ecaanoii, /oi i?ioeannoaeueiua aeaenoaey aeeth/atho a
naay ia oieueei neaaenoaaiiua aeaenoaey eae iniiaiua nii-
niau iieo/aiey aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiie eioi?iaoeee, ii e
aeaenoaey, i?iaiaeeiua aei aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea e
i?aaeoniio?aiiua no. ^U__^I_E. Aii?in i aeieacaoaeuenoaai-
iii cia/aiee eioi?iaoeee, iieo/aiiie a ?acoeueoaoa neaae-
noaaiiuo aeaenoaee, aeinoaoi/ii ?ac?aaioai .a oaieiaii-i?i-
oeannoaeueiie eeoa?aoo?a e nouanoaaiiuo ?aciiaeanee ia
aucuaaao2. Iaiaa enneaaeiaaiiuie ieacaeenue aii?inu,
naycaiiua n aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiui cia/aieai ae?oaeo i?ioean-
noaeueiuo aeaenoaee, a oii /enea i?iaiaeeiuo aei aicaoae-
aeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea.

I?aaeeueiia ?ac?aoaiea yoie i?iaeaiu, a eiia/iii
n/aoa, aeaao ioaao ia aii?in i iaee/ee eee ionoonoaee
aeieacuaaiey a noaaeee aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea.

Ii iiaieth ?yaea o/aiuo, aeayoaeueiinoue ii i?iaa?ea
cayaeaiee e niiauaiee i i?anooieaiee, i?iaiaeeiay aei
aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea, ia anoue aeieacuaaiea3, n /ai
iaeuecy niaeaneoueny.

‘ Oaeo iieo/aiey oaeie eioi?iaoeee aac niaethaeaiey i?ioeanno1
aeueiie oi?iu ia icia/aao iieiiai ioeaca io aa eniieueciaaiey a oiaea
?anneaaeiaaiey, /oi aoaeao i?aaeiaoii enneaaeiaaiey ai aoi?ie aeaaa.

2 Ni., iai?.; AEiaei I. A., Oaoeoeeei O. I. I?aaeaa?eoaeueiia
neaaenoaea a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. I., 1965; Ea?ei A. I.
?anneaaeiaaiea ii oaieiaiiio aeaeo. I., 1970; Aaa?eeia A. E., Aoe-
ie/aa N. I., Ieoaeeia A. A., Ooeaieia I. I. Neaaenoaaiiua aeaenoaey
ii niaaoneiio oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiiio i?aao. Aieaia?aae, 1975.-
E?iia oiai, aieueoia eiee/anoai ?aaio iinayuaii eiie?aoiui neaaeno-
aaiiui aeaenoaeyi; Auoianeee E. A. I?ioeannoaeueiua e oaeoe/aneea
aii?inu nenoaiu neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee. Aaoi?ao. aeieo. aeenn. I.,
1976; aai aea: I?ioeannoaeueiua e oaeoe/aneea aii?inu i?iaaaeaiey
neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee. Aieaia?aae, 1977; Oaeoa? N. A. Iaoiaeieiae-
/aneea e i?aaiaua i?iaeaiu niae?aiey aeieacaoaeuenoa ia i?aaeaa?e-‘.
oaeueiii neaaenoaee. Aaoi?ao. aeieo. aeenn. I., 1981; aai aea: Neaaenoaai-
iua aeaenoaey. Nenoaia e i?ioeannoaeueiay oi?ia. I., 1981. Neaaenoaai-
iua aeaenoaey eae niinia oi?ie?iaaiey aeieacaoaeuenoa.-A na.: Aeoo-‘
aeueiua i?iaeaiu aeieacuaaiey a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. I.,
1981; Na.: Aeooaeueiua i?iaeaiu niaa?oainoaiaaiey i?iecaiaenoaa
neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee. Oaoeaio, 1982.

f 3 AEiaei I. A., Oaoeoeeei O. I. Aicaoaeaeaiea oaieiaiiai aeaea.
| I., 1961. N. 161; iie aea: i?aaeaa?eoaeueiia neaaenoaea a niaaoneii oai-
eiaiii i?ioeanna. I., 1965. N. 20; Oaoa?ei A. N, I niiniaao niae?aaey

58 ;

Iaaeinoaoi/iay iainiiaaiiinoue oaeie iiceoeee a iiie-
iaiee neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee eae aaeeinoaaiii aeiionoe-
iuo niiniaia iieo/aiey aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiie eioi?iaoeee
e cai?auaiey eo i?iecaiaenoaa aei aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai
aeaea.

Cai?aoea i?iecaiaenoai neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee a noa-
aeee aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea, caeiiiaeaoaeue iaaeaeo

oai naeaeae eneeth/aiea aeey iaeiiai ec ieo-iniio?a
(no. 178 OIE) e, e?iia oiai, i?aaeoniio?ae ?yae ae?oaeo
niiniaia iieo/aiey aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiie eioi?iaoeee (ia-
i?eia?, iieo/aiea iauyniaiee, eno?aaiaaiea iaoa?eaeia
e ae?.).

Iiaiea i iaee/ee aeieacuaaiey a noaaeee aicaoaeaeaiey
oaieiaiiai aeaea e aiciiaeiinoe niae?aiey, i?iaa?ee e
ioeaiee aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiie eioi?iaoeee n iiiiuueth eiuo
(iiieii neaaenoaaiiuo) i?ioeannoaeueiuo aeaenoaee aeinoa-
oi/ii ?ani?ino?aiaii a oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiie eeoa?a-
oo?a e yaeyaony, ii iiaieth aaoi?a, i?aaeeueiui”. /

Aeinoaoi/ii neacaoue, /oi aii?inai aeieacuaaiey a aoa-
aeee aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea niaoeeaeueii iinayuai
?yae iiiia?aoee2.

Noi?iiieee yoie iiceoeee ioia/atho, /oi aeieacuaaiea
a yoie noaaeee eiaao ii?aaeaeaiiua iniaaiiinoe, eanathuea-
ny i?aaeiaoa e i?aaeaeia7″n?aaenoa aeieiyuaaiiy e i?ioenn~
noaeueiie oi?iu, a ?aieao eioi?ie i?ienoiaeeo onoaiia-
eaiea i?eciaeia i?anooieaiey, iaiaoiaeeiuo e aeinoaoi/-

aeieacaoaeuenoa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna//I?aaiaaaeaiea. 1964.
? 2 N. 69; Eoieineay I. A. Aeieacuaaiea a niaaoneii oaieiaiii
i?ioeanna. I., 1966. N. 30, 50, 53.

‘ Ni., iai?.: A?naiueaa A. Ae. Aeieacuaaiea oaeoe/aneeo ianoiy-
oaeuenoa aeaea a ioaeaeueiuo noaaeeyo niaaoneiai oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna. ^~\
O?oaeu E?eooneiai ainoieaa?neoaoa, 1969. O. 45. Aui. 8. *. 4. N. 7-8; /
I?ieioueaa TH. I. Iiiyoea e nouiinoue aeieoiaioia eae aeieacaoaeuenoa /
a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. E?eoone, 1978. N. 29-52; Oeueyii- ‘
aa E. O. I aeieacuaaiee a noaaeee aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea//Aa-
noiee Iineianeiai oieaa?neoaoa. Na?. 12. I?aai. 1971. ? 3. N. 22- ‘
29; Ea?iaaaa E. I. Aeieacuaaiea i?e ioeaca a aicaoaeaeaiee oaieia-
iiai aeaea//Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai. 1975. ? 2. N. 94-96; Ei?thea-
aa A. I. I?aaeaeu aeieacuaaiey i?e ioeaca a aicaoaeaeaiee oaieiaiiai >
; aeaea. Na.: Aeooaeueiua i?iaeaiu aeieacuaaiey a niaaoneii oaieiaiii
i?ioeanna. I., 1981. N. 51-56; Oaeoa? N. A. Aaoi?ao. .aeieo. aeenn.
N. 15; Aaoeuaa A. E. Iniaaiiinoe aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiuo aeae i oe- f
uaieyo, niaa?oaiiuo iaoa?eaeueii ioaaonoaaiiuie e aeieaeiinoiuie /
; eeoeaie. I., 1982. N. 19-31.

O\ 2 Ni., iai?.: Na?aetheia I. I.’Aeieacaoaeuenoaa i a””‘””” ^ia^o^-
^ aeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea. E?eoone. 1981: 1^ciaoeia I. I. Aeieacuaaiea
.:, a noaaeee aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea. Ai?iiaae. 1983.

iuo eae aeey ?aoaiey aii?ina i aicaoaeaeaiee, oae e ia
ioeaca a aicaoaeaeaiee oaieiaiiai aeaea. O

I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi a noaaeee aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai
aeaea anoue ianeieueei niiniaia oi?ie?iaaiey aeieacaoaeueno-
aaiiie eioi?iaoeee: iieo/aiea iauyniaiee (/. II no. 109
OIE), eno?aaiaaiea iaoa?eaeia (/. II no. 109 OIE), i?e-
iyoea onoiuo cayaeaiee e niiauaiee i i?anooieaiee
(no. 110 OIE), i?eiyoea yaee n iiaeiiie (no. 1O OIE),
iniio? ianoa i?ienoanoaey (/. II no. 178 OIE).

“a Aaoi? i?eniaaeeiyaony e auneacaiiiio a eeoa?aoo?a
iiaieth i iaiaoiaeeiinoe ?anoe?aiey ia?a/iy neaaenoaai-
iuo aeaenoaee, i?iaiaeeiuo aei aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aea-
ea’. Iniaaiii iainiiaaiiu i?aaeeiaeaiey i ?ac?aoaiee
i?iecaiaenoaa yenia?oecu2.

A nayce n oai, /oi iaeaieaa iioeiaeueiui niiniaii
i?eaea/aiey a i?ioeanna aeieacuaaiey i?aaeiaoia e aeieoiai-
oia, iieo/aiiuo aia oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna, yaeyaony eo i?aae-
noaaeaiea a niioaaonoaee n o?aaiaaieyie /. II no. 70 OIE,
aii?inu i?ioeannoaeueiiai ii?yaeea ae?aaenoaaeaiey aeieaca-
oaeuenoa ioaeaeathony a naiinoiyoaeueiii ?anniio?aiee.

Ia i?aeoeea eae a noaaeee ?anneaaeiaaiey, oae e a noa-
aeee aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea i?e yoii aicieeatho cia-
/eoaeueiua o?oaeiinoe.

Eo i?e/eiu a oi’i, /oi caeiiiaeaoaeue, oeacaa ia aic-
iiaeiinoue niae?aiey aeieacaoaeuenoa n iiiiuueth eo i?aae-
noaaeaiey, ia ii?aaeaeee ii?yaeie yoiai i?ioeannoaeueiiai
aeaenoaey, ia /oi oaea iaiaeiie?aoii oeacuaaeinue a th?eaee-
/aneie eeoa?aoo?a3.

I?iaeaia nio?aiyao naith aeooaeueiinoue v a ianoiyuaa

‘ Ni., iai?.: Ioaeuethaei A., Iioen I. Noaeaaii-iaaeeoeeineoth
yenia?oeco – a noaaeeth aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai Aeaea//Nioe. caeii-
iinoue. 1971. ? 8. N. 56-59; Aaaeaiia I. A., Oaeoa? N. A. Ii?yaeie
i?iaaaeaiey noaeaaii-iaaeeoeeineie yenia?oecu o?aaoao oniaa?oainoai-
aaiey//Aii?inu ai?ueau n i?anooiiinoueth. I., 1975. Aui. 23. N. 153-
156; Ea?iaaaa E. I. Aeieacuaaiea i?e ioeaca a aicaoaeaeaiee oaieia-
iiai aeaea//Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai. 1975. ? 2. N. 96.

2 Iaai? eeoa?aoo?u ii yoiio aii?ino ni.: Iiaeieueneee A. A.
Iaeioi?ua aii?inu i?iaaaeaiey yenia?oecu a noaaeee aicaoaeaeaiey
oaieiaiiai aeaea.-A na.: Aii?inu inouanoaeaiey i?aainoaeey ii oai-
eiaiui aeaeai. Eaeeieia?aae, 1982. N. 88.

3 Ni., iai?.: A?naiueaa A. Ae., Ia?oaaoeia A. N. O/anoea ia?iaeiuo
ae?oaeei a ?ane?uoee i?anooieaiee. A ei.: Iauanoaaiiinoue e ai?ueaa
n i?aaiia?ooaieyie. E?eoone, 1963. N. 96-97; Oiiei A. O. O/anoea
o?oaeyueony a ?anneaaeiaaiee i?anooieaiee i?aaiaie IIII. Eaiae..
aeenn. I., 1964. N. 245-252; Iaaeia I. A. Aii?inu oai?ee e i?aeoeee
o/anoey iauanoaaiiinoe a ?anneaaeiaaiee i?anooieaiee. Aaoi?ao.
eaiae. aeenn. I., 1965. N. 19.

a?aiy. I?iaaaeaiiue a Einoeoooa oniaa?oainoaiaaiey neaae-
noaaiiuo ?aaioieeia ii?in iieacae, /oi neaaeiaaoaee, i?e-
ieiay i?aaenoaaeaiiua ei aeieacaoaeuenoaa, ninoaaeytho na-
iua ?aciiia?aciua aeieoiaiou (aei 30 iaeiaiiaaiee)’.

Yoi aea iiaeoaa?aeaeatho e ?acoeueoaou i?iaaaeaiiiai aa-
oi?ii enneaaeiaaiey. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi i?eiyoea i?aaenoaa-
eaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa neaaeiaaoaee oeene?iaaee a i?ioiei-
eao (aeoao) aeia?iaieueiie auaea/e – 56% io /enea auya-
eaiiuo a oiaea enneaaeiaaiey neo/aaa, a aeoao ecuyoey-
35%, a aeieoiaioao eiuo iacaaiee-9%. E oioy a iacaai-
iuo aeieoiaioao, eae i?aaeei, niaea?aeaeenue aaaeiua naaaea-
iey ia ianoiyoaeuenoaao i?ienoiaeaeaiey e i?eiyoey i?aae-
noaaeaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa, oaeea i?ioieieu ia?aaeei ia
?anoeaieaaeenue ?oeyie eye enoi/ieee aeieacaoaeuenoa, i?aae-
aea anaai ec-ca iayniinoe eo i?ioeannoaeueiie i?e?iaeu.

Iao?aaoee?iaaiiinoue yoiai aii?ina ii?iaeeea e oai?a-
oe/aneea ?aciiaeaney. Ooaa?aeaeaaony, iai?eia?, /oi i?aae-
noaaeaiea aeieacaoaeuenoa a ii?yaeea no. 70 /. II OIE iaeuecy
?anniao?eaaoue eae naiinoiyoaeueiue niinia iieo/aiey aei-
eacaoaeuenoa, o. e. iii ioaaouaaaony ?aieaie oaeeo neaae-
noaaiiuo aeaenoaee, eae aeii?in2 eee auaiea3

Aeey oiai, /oiau ?acia?aoueny a iainiiaaiiinoe oeacai-
iie iiceoeee, neaaeoao ?anniio?aoue, /ai oa?aeoa?ecoaony
niae?aiea aeieacaoaeuenoa eae yeaiaio aeieacuaaiey.

A oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiie eeoa?aoo?a ioia/aaony, /oi
niae?aiea aeieacaoaeuenoa aeeth/aao a naay neaaeothuea yea-
iaiou:

iiene e iaia?oaeaiea aeieacaoaeuenoa;

oeenaoeeth iaia?oaeaiiiai a i?ioeannoaeueiuo aeieo-
iaioao;

ecuyoea aeieacaoaeuenoa4.

‘ Auoianeee E. A. Ia aeooaeueiuo aii?inao niaa?oainoaiaaiey
i?ioeannoaeueiie ?aaeaiaioaoeee neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee. – A na.: Aeoo-
aeueiua i?iaeaiu niaa?oainoaiaaiey i?iecaiaenoaa neaaenoaaiiuo aeae-
noaee. Oaoeaio, 1982. N. 5.

2 Ni.: ?aoeiia A. ?. Iaune e auaiea. I., 1961. N. 10.

3 Ni-.: I?eia TH. E. I i?ioeannoaeueiie i?e?iaea i?aaenoaaeaiey
aauanoaaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa a?aaeaeaiaie e o/anoieeaie i?ioeanna a
i?aaiu ?anneaaeiaaiey. O?oaeu E?eooneiai AO. O. 39. Aui. 7. *. 2.
E?eoone, 1965. N. 75-83.

4 Ni., iai?.: Aaeeei ?. N. Niae?aiea, enneaaeiaaiea e ioeaiea aeiea-
caoaeuenoa. I., 1966. N. 28-30; Ai?neee A. O., Eiei?aa E. Ae., Yeue-
eeiae I. N. I?iaeaiu aeieacaoaeuenoa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna.
Ai?iiaae, 1978. N. 211-, Niaaoneee oaieiaiue i?ioeann. I., 1982. N. 136;

Iiaee A. A. Aaoi?ao. eaiae. aeenn. I., 1982. N. 9; Eaceiyi A. N. Eaiae.
aeenn. A?aaai, 1982. N. 39.

Oaeei ia?acii, niae?aiea aeieacaoaeuenoa neaaeiaaoaeai
naycaii n eo iieneii, iouneaieai, /oi ia oa?aeoa?ii aeey
iieo/aiey aeieacaoaeuenoa io ae?oaeo eeoe, eioi?ia, eae i?a-
aeeueii ioia/ae A. Ae. A?naiueaa, eiaao a iaeioi?ie ia?a
noeoeeiue oa?aeoa? e ianeieueei aeaeieciaiyao iau/iue
i?ioeann oi?ie?iaaiey aeieacaoaeuenoa’.

E oiio aea, niaeanii no. 167 OIE, auaiea, a ?aieao
eioi?ie, eae ooaa?aeaeaao TH. E. I?eia, /aua anaai iaoi-
aeeony i?aaenoaaeaiea aeieacaoaeuenoa, i?iaiaeeony oiaaea, eia-
aea neaaeiaaoaeth oi/ii ecaanoii, aaea e o eiai iaoiaeyony ia-
iaoiaeeiua i?aaeiaou e aeieoiaiou. I/aaeaeii, /oi i?e i?aae-
noaaeaiee aeieacaoaeuenoa yoiai ia iaaethaeaaony.

Iiciaiea ianoiyoaeuenoa niaa?oaiiiai i?anooieaiey, ei-
oi?ia inouanoaeyaony n iiiiuueth aeaenoaee, iacaaiiuo a /. I
no. 70 OIE, eiaao neaaeothuoth iai?aaeaiiinoue: io neaaei-
aaoaey e iauaeoo (noauaeoo) – iineoaeth naaaeaiee ia ia-
noiyoaeuenoaao, iiaeeaaeaueo aeieacuaaieth. Caeanue au?aaeaii
i?aai neaaeiaaoaey ia aeoeaiue oeaeaiai?aaeaiiue iicia-
aaoaeueiue i?ioeann, eioi?iio niioaaonoaoao iaycaiiinoue o/-
?aaeaeaiee, i?aaei?eyoee, i?aaiecaoeee, eeoe ia?aaeaoue, i?aae-
noaaeoue neaaeiaaoaeth naaaeaiey, i?aaeiaou e aeieoiaiou, ei-
oi?uie iie ?aniieaaatho.

Eiia i?ienoiaeeo i?e i?aaenoaaeaiee aeieacaoaeuenoa a
ii?yaeea /. II no. 70 OIE. I?ioeann iiciaiey iiaeao auoue
iaicia/ai oaeie noaiie: io noauaeoa, eioi?ue iaeaaeaao
aeieacaoaeuenoaii, e neaaeiaaoaeth. I?e/ai, i?aao eeoe, ia-
caaiiuo a /. II no. 70 OIE, niioaaonoaoao iaycaiiinoue nea-
aeiaaoaey ?ac?aoeoue aii?in i i?eiyoee eee iai?eiyoee
i?aaenoaaeaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa.

Iiyoiio i?aaenoaaeyaony aieaa i?aaeeueiie iiceoeey
N. A. Oaeoa?a e A. I. Ea?eia, eioi?ua ?anniao?eaatho
i?aaenoaaeaiea aeieacaoaeuenoa eae naiinoiyoaeueiue, ii oieue-
ei aua oi?ie?othueeny niinia niae?aiey aeieacaoaeuenoa,
.eioi?ue ioaeaeaaony a /aoeie oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiie ?aa-
eaiaioaoeee2.

‘ A?naiueaa A. Ae. Aauanoaaiiua aeieacaoaeuenoaa a niaaoneii oai-
eiaiii i?ioeanna. I., 1956. Eaiae. aeenn. N. 133-134.

2 Ni.: Oaeoa? N. A. Aaoi?ao. aeieo. aeenn. N. 18; Ea?ei A. I.
Eno?aaiaaiea e i?aaenoaaeaiea i?aaeiaoia e aeieoiaioia a noaaeee ?an-
neaaeiaaiey. Na.: Aeooaeueiua i?iaeaiu niaa?oainoaiaaiey i?iecaiae-
noaa neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee. Oaoeaio, 1982. N. 63.

Ia neo/aeii, ii-aeaeeiiio, no. 66 OIE Oe?aeineie NN? iacuaa-
aony “niae?aiea e i?aaenoaaeaiea” aeieacaoaeuenoa. Caeiiiaeaoaeue ONN?
?anniao?eaaao niae?aiea e i?aaenoaaeaiea aeieacaoaeuenoa a ea/anoaa
naiinoiyoaeueiuo e ?aaiii?aaiuo niiniaia iieo/aiey aeieacaoaeuenoa.

Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi i i?aaenoaaeaiee aeieacaoaeuenoa
iiaeii aiai?eoue oieueei oneiaii, oae eae i?ioeannoaeueiue
noaoon aeieacaoaeuenoa i?aaenoaaeyaiua i?aaeiaou e aeieo-
iaiou i?eia?aoatho iinea eo i?eiyoey neaaeiaaoaeai e
ioi?ieaiey i?eiyoey a niioaaonoaee n o?aaiaaieyie oai-
eiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiiai caeiia.

I/aaeaeii, /oi i?aaenoaaeyoue a ii?yaeea /. II no. 70 OIE
oaeea enoi/ieee aeieacaoaeuenoa, eae iieacaiey, i?ioieieu
neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee, caeeth/aiey yenia?oia noauaeou,
ia?a/eneaiiua a /. II no. 70 OIE, aiiaua ia iiaoo, oae
eae eo oi?ie?iaaiea anoue eneeth/eoaeueiay eiiiaoaioeey
neaaeiaaoaey.

Iiyoiio a /. II no. 70 OIE auei au oeaeaniia?acii oea-
caoue ia aiciiaeiinoue i?aaenoaaeaiey neaaeiaaoaeth ia aeiea-
caoaeuenoa, a i?aaeiaoia e aeieoiaioia e i?aaeoniio?aoue ia-
iaoiaeeiinoue ninoaaeaiey i?ioieiea i i?eiyoee (iai?e-
iyoee) i?aaenoaaeaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa.

Iainiiaaii iiaiea A. I. Ea?eia i oii, /oi i?ioean-
noaeueiue ii?yaeie i?eiyoey i?aaenoaaeaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa
aeieaeai caaenaoue io oiai, /oi i?aaenoaaeyaony:, aauanoaaiiia
aeieacaoaeuenoai (no. 83 OIE) eee aeieoiaio (no. 88 OIE)’.

A neo/aa i?aaenoaaeaiey iauaeoa, i?aaeiieiaeeoaeueii
ioeaieaaaiiai neaaeiaaoaeai eae aauanoaaiiia aeieacaoaeue-
noai (no. 83 OIE), aeinoiaa?iinoue oeenaoeee aai i?eciaeia,
naienoa, ninoiyiee aeieaeia iiaeoaa?aeaeaoueny iiiyouie (ia
eneeth/aaony, anoanoaaiii, e iiiiuue niaoeeaeenoia), a a neo-
/aa i?aaenoaaeaiey aeieoiaioa (no. 88 OIE) aeinoaoi/ii io-
iaoee a iaoa?eaeao aeaeaa aeaea ni?aaee eee iaaeiene2.

Yoo ?aeiiaiaeaoeeth, iaei^OI7Neaaeo?o”ooi/ieoue: a oao neo-
/ayo, eiaaea i?eiyoea i?aaenoaaeaiiiai nii?iaiaeaeaaony aai
iniio^ii^o/anoee-aeiiyo-uo iaycaoaeueii (no. 135, 179 OIE).
Anee aea iniio? i?aaenoaaeaiiiai ioeeaaeuaaaony ii oie
eee eiie i?e/eia, oi i?enoonoaea iiiyouo ia o?aaoaony.
A iineaaeiai neo/aa i?eaeaoaiea iiiyouo ia nicaeaao aei-
iieieoaeueiuo aa?aioee i?ioea oaeueneoeeaoeee i?aaenoaa-
eaiiiai, ii caoi iiaeao io?eoeaoaeueii neacaoueny ia aeoea-
iinoe eeoe, i?aaenoaaeythueo aeieacaoaeuenoaa3. Ioiaoei, /oi
no. 113 OIE AAe? ia i?aaeoniao?eaaea iaycaoaeueiiai o/a-
noey iiiyouo a neo/ayo, eiaaea iiaeeaaeauee ecuyoeth i?aae-
iao aeia?iaieueii ia?aaeaaony aeaaeaeueoeai neaaenoaaiiiio i?-
aaio.

Ea?ei A. I. Oeac, noaoauy. N. 67.
Oai aey

2 Oai aea. ‘

3 Oiiei A. O. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 254-256.

I?iecaiaenoai ia?a/eneaiiuo a no. 70 /. I OIE aeaeno-
aee caeiiiaeaoaeue naycuaaao n aeayoaeueiinoueth, inouanoaeya-
iie neaaeiaaoaeai ii iaoiaeyuaiony a aai i?iecaiaenoaa
oaieiaiiio aeaeo, a i?aaenoaaeaiea aeieacaoaeuenoa a niio-
aaonoaee n /. II oie aea noaouee aiiaua ia naycaii n eaeie-
eeai noaaeeae oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna. Ii yoie i?e/eia aii?in
j i aiciiaeiinoe i?aaenoaaeyoue aeieacaoaeuenoaa a noaaeee aic-
aoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea e aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiii cia/aiee
i?aaenoaaeaiiuo iaoa?eaeia eae a oai?ee, oae e ia i?aeoe-
ea ?aoaaony aua neiaeiaa.

Anee i?aaenoaaeaiea aeieacaoaeuenoa n/eoaoue ?aciiaeae-
iinoueth auaiee eee aeii?ina, oi a noaaeee aicaoaeaeaiey oai-
eiaiiai aeaea aiiaua ionoonoaoao aiciiaeiinoue i?eiyoue
i?aaenoaaeaiiia, iineieueeo e auaiea, e aeii?in aeiionoeiu

oieueei iinea aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea.

Ii iiaieth A. I. Ea?eia, naycuaathuaai i?aaenoaaeaiea
aeieacaoaeuenoa oieueei n aeayoaeueiinoueth iaaeiyaiiai, ca-
ueoieea, iiaeic?aaaaiiai, iioa?iaaoaai, a?aaeaeaineiai eno-
oea e a?aaeaeaineiai ioaao/eea, i?aaenoaaeaiea aeieacaoaeuenoa
a noaaeee aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea eiae/anee eneeth-
/aii, oae eae iacaaiiua noauaeou iiyaeythony ia ?aiaa

noaaeee ?anneaaeiaaiey’. ~
A oi aea a?aiy ia noaaeee aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea

no. 109 OIE aeiioneaao i?iecaiaenoai aeaenoaee (iieo/aiea
iauyniaiee, eno?aaiaaiea iaoa?eaeia), ai iiiaii aiaei-
ae/iuo ia?a/eneaiiui a no. 70 /. I OIE, iaeiaei ionoono-
aoao oeacaiea i aiciiaeiinoe i?eiyoue i?aaeiaou e aeieo-
iaiou, i?aaenoaaeaiiua a?aaeaeaiaie, i?aaei?eyoeyie, i?aa-
iecaoeeyie ii naiae nianoaaiiie eieoeeaoeaa.

Aeaiiia ianoiyoaeuenoai aeaao iniiaaiea aiai?eoue i i?i-
aaea a oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiii caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa. Ii yoie
i?e/eia no. 70 /. II OIE (eee no. 109, /oi i?aaenoaaeyaony

aieaa eiae/iui) neaaeiaaei au aeiiieieoue oeacaieai ia
aiciiaeiinoue i?aaenoaaeaiey aeieacaoaeuenoa a noaaeee aic-
aoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea. Aea e i?aeoeea i?iaa?ee caya-
eaiee eee niiauaiee i i?anooieaieyo naeaeaoaeuenoaoao: a
55% eco/aiiuo aaoi?ii neo/aaa iiiaioii i?aaenoaaeaiey
i?aaeiaoia e aeieoiaioia auea noaaeey aicaoaeaeaiey oai-
eiaiiai aeaea.

E?iia oiai, e?oa ia?a/eneaiiuo A. I. Ea?eiui noau-
aeoia ia yaeyaony en/a?iuaathuei. Aaaeue iiieii oeacai-
iuo ei noauaeoia, aeieacaoaeuenoaa iiaoo i?aaenoaaeyoue oae-
aea i?aaei?eyoey, o/?aaeaeaiey, i?aaiecaoeee. Aeiaieueii ?an-

1 Ea?ei A, I. Oeac. ni/. N. 63.
64

i?ino?aiaiiui, e i?eia?o, yaeyaony i?aaenoaaeaiea a neaae-
noaaiiua i?aaiu iaoa?eaeia aaaeiinoaaiiie aeieoiaioaeue-
iie ?aaecee eee eiaaioa?ecaoeee, naeaeaoaeuenoaothueo i ia-
” aeinoa/a. E yoei iaoa?eaeai iiaoo i?eeaaaoueny aooaae-
oa?neea aeieoiaiou, ia iniiaaiee eioi?uo ?aaeci? i?e-
oae e auaiaeo i iaee/ee iaaeinoa/e. Aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiia
cia/aiea i?aaenoaaeaiiuo a yoii neo/aa iaoa?eaeia iaee-
iaeiai eae aeey noaaeee aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea, oae
e aeey iineaaeothueo noaaeee.

Ia noaaeee aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea aeieacaoaeueno-
aa iiaoo i?aaenoaaeyoue e a?aaeaeaia. Oae, iaaenano?a, niia-
uay a naiai cayaeaiee i oeuaiee iaaeeeaiaioia caaaaeoth-
uae cae?aaioieoii, i?eeiaeeea e cayaeaieth ?aoeaiou ia
eaea?noaa, yeiau iieo/aiiua ?aai/eie caaiaea, e /a?iiaoth
oao?aaeue n caienyie i eiee/anoaa i?eiyouo e oaeoe/anee
auaeaiiuo a?a/ii cae?aaioieoa eaea?noa. I i?eiyoee i?aae-
noaaeaiiuo iaoa?eaeia aue ninoaaeai i?ioieie n oeaca-
ieai eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo i?eciaeia i?aaenoaaeaiiuo iauaeoia,
; .iicaieeaoeo a iineaaeothuai ioianoe eo e aauanoaaiiui
A aeieacaoaeuenoaai e eniieueciaaoue a aeieacuaaiee..

Oeacaiiue iiaeoiae i?aeoeee e ?aaeecaoeee i?aaeoniio-
?aiiiai oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiui caeiiii i?aaa i?eie-
iaoue i?aaenoaaeaiiua aeieacaoaeuenoaa neaaeoao i?eciaoue i?a-
aeeueiui, oioy iao?aaoee?iaaiiinoue ii?yaeea ?aaeecaoeee
yoiai i?aaa e i?eaiaeeo e oiio, /oi a iaeieo neo/ayo i?e-
iyoea ioi?ieyaony aeoaie (i?ioieieaie) aeia?iaieueiie
auaea/e (ecuyoey), a ae?oaeo-i?ioieieaie i?eiyoey i?aae-
noaaeaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa (/oi aieaa i?aaeeueii) eeai
ae?oaeie iiaeiaiuie aeieoiaioaie.

O Oaeei ia?acii, e /eneo i?ioeannoaeueiuo niiniaia
.(n?aaenoa) iieo/aiey aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiie eioi?iaoeee (aei-
eacaoaeuenoa) neaaeoao ioianoe:

neaaenoaaiiua aeaenoaey;

i?ioeannoaeueiua aeaenoaey, i?iaiaeeiua a noaaeee aic-
aoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea;

i?aaenoaaeaiea aeieacaoaeuenoa.

Ianiaethaeaiea ii?yaeea, oneiaee, iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe a
auiieiaiey ia?a/eneaiiuo aeaenoaee eeai i?iecaiaenoai
aeaenoaee, auoiaeyueo ca ?aiee aeaiiiai ia?a/iy, i?eaaaeao
ethaiai noauaeoa (a o. /. e noauaeoa aeieacuaaiey) e iieo-
/aieth iai?ioeannoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee. E iae neaaeoao io-
.ianoe:

naaaeaiey, iieo/aiiua noauaeoaie aeieacuaaiey n ia-
?ooaieai o?aaiaaiee caeiia (iai?eia?, iaune eee auai-
ea aac iiiyouo; aeii?in eeoea, ia aeinoeaoaai 14-eaoiaai

5 Caeac 6297

aic?anoa, aac o/anoey iaaeaaiaa; i?aaeuyaeaiea aeey iiicia-
iey i?e /enea iiiciaaaaiuo iaiaa o?ao; aeii?in naeaeaoaey
aac i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey ia oaieiaiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe ii
no. 180-181 OE ?NON? e o. ae.);

eioi?iaoeey, iieo/aiiay noauaeoaie aeieacuaaiey n ii-
iiuueth aeaenoaee, ia i?aaeoniio?aiiuo caeiiii (i?aaeaa?e-
oaeueiua aanaaeu n aeii?aoeaaaiui, iaioeoeeaeueiia iciaeii-
eaiea n ianoii i?iaaaeaiey neaaenoaaiiiai aeaenoaey e o. ae.);

aeaiiua, iieo/aiiua i?aaiaie aeiciaiey a oiaea i?e-
iyoey iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia? (no. 118 OIE);

eioi?iaoeey i i?anooieaiee, iieo/aiiay a?aaeaeaia-
ie, i?aaei?eyoeyie, o/?aaeaeaieyie, i?aaiecaoeeyie (?a-
coeueoaou i?eiaiaiey oioinuaiee, aeaeai- e caoeicaiene,
niaoeeaeueiuo eiaooae e ae?oaeo n?aaenoa caueou iauaeoia,
iaoa?eaeu, niae?aaiua a?aaeaeaiaie a oeaeyo caueou io
i?anooiiuo iinyaaoaeuenoa eeai aeey iiaeoaa?aeaeaiey aeae
/anoiiai iaaeiaiey, e o. i.);

naaaeaiey, niae?aaiua th?eaee/aneeie eiiia?aoeaaie,
/anoiuie nuneiuie aaaionoaaie’;

– aeaiiua, iieo/aiiua i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuie e i?aai-
i?eiaieoaeueiuie i?aaiaie a oiaea ?aaeecaoeee eo aaeie-
ieno?aoeaiuo e aaeieieno?aoeaii-i?ioeannoaeueiuo iieii-
ii/ee (aeey oao aeaeia i?anooieaiee, aaea eo ninoaa ia?a-
coaony a ?acoeueoaoa iaiaeiie?aoiiai ia?ooaiey aaeieieno-
?aoeaiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa).

Aoi?ui e?eoa?eai aeey ?aca?aie/aiey aeieacaoaeuenoaai-
iie e iai?ioeannoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee neaaeoao n/eoaoue oa-
?aeoa?enoeeo aa iineoaey.

Oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiue caeii iacuaaao ianeieueei
neo/aaa, eiaaea eioi?iaoeey, oioy e iieo/aia i?aaeoniio?ai-
iuie a caeiia niiniaaie e n niaethaeaieai i?ioeannoaeueiie
oi?iu, ia eiaao aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiiai cia/aiey.

Ia?aue neo/ae iaicia/ai a no.no. 74, 75 OIE, eiaaea
naeaeaoaeue, niiauay eioi?iaoeeth, ia iiaeao oeacaoue enoi/-
iee naiae inaaaeiieaiiinoe. I/aaeaeii, /oi iiae enoi/ieeii
inaaaeiieaiiinoe naeaeaoaey (iioa?iaaoaai) neaaeoao iiie-
iaoue iaiin?aaenoaaiiia aini?eyoea ianoiyoaeuenoa, naycaiiuo
n i?anooieaieai, eee iieo/aiea eioi?iaoeee io eaeiai-eeai
eiie?aoiiai eeoea. Oai naiui a oaieiaiii i?ioeanna eneeth-
/aaony aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiia cia/aiea oae iacuaaaiiai “nae-
aeaoaeuenoaa ii neooo”2.

‘ “Aeaen” aa?ao neaae//Eeo. aac. 1989. ? 27.

2 I iiiyoee enoi/ieea inaaaeiieaiiinoe e aai cia/aiee a oai-
eiaiii i?ioeanna ni.: Caaeeoeeee A. Enoi/ieee inaaaeiieaiiinoe a oai-
eiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiii aei”acuaaiee//Nia. thnoeoeey. 1983. ? 8. N. 6-8.

Aoi?ie-noi?ioee?iaai a //. 1 e 3 no. 72 OIE e ca-
i?auaao aeii?aoeaaoue caueoieea iaaeiyaiiai (aaeaieaoa,
i?aaenoaaeoaey i?ioanneiiaeueiiai nithca e ae?oaie iauano-
aaiiie i?aaiecaoeee) ia ianoiyoaeuenoaao aeaea, eioi?ua noa-
ee aio ecaanoiu a nayce n auiieiaieai iaycaiiinoae ca-
ueoieea (eniieiaieai iaycaiiinoae i?aaenoaaeoaey).

O?aoee – i?aaeoniio?ai a /. 2 no. 72 OIE e ioiineony e
iieacaieyi eeoea, eioi?ia a neeo naieo oece/aneeo eee ine-
oe/aneeo iaaeinoaoeia ia niiniaii i?aaeeueii aini?eieiaoue
ianoiyoaeuenoaa, eiathuea cia/aiea aeey aeaea, e aeaaaoue i
ieo i?aaeeueiua iieacaiey.

*aoaa?oue-oeacai a no.no. 67, 184 OIE Aeey oao neo-
/aaa, eiaaea yenia?oiia caeeth/aiea ii ?acoeueoaoai ennea-
aeiaaiey i?aaeiaoia, aeieoiaioia, iaoa?eaeia oaieiaiiai aea-
ea i?iecaaaeaii iaeiiiaoaioiui yenia?oii.

Iyoue – ioiineony e iieo/aieth i?ioeannoaeueiie eioi?-
iaoeee (aeieacaoaeuenoa) o/anoieeaie oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna,
iiaeeaaeaueie ioaiaeo (no.no. 59, 63, 64-67 OIE).

Oanoie-noi?ioee?iaai a no. 88 OIE i?eiaieoaeueii
e aeieoiaioai, eioi?ua, oioy e eiatho cia/aiea aeey aeaea,
‘oai ia iaiaa ia oaeinoiaa?aiu i?aaei?eyoeyie, o/?aaeaeaiey-
ie, i?aaiecaoeeyie, aeieaeiinoiuie eeoeaie e a?aaeaeaiaie.

Yoi oae iacuaaaiua aiiieiiua cayaeaiey e ienueia (a
o. /. ia?aienea eeoe, i?ioiaeyueo ii oaieiaiiio aeaeo), /a?-
iiaua caiene, aeiaaieee iaoa?eaeueii ioaaonoaaiiuo aeieae-
iinoiuo eeoe, iaioeoeeaeueiua aooaaeoa?neea aeieoiaiou

-e o. ae.

Ianiio?y ia oi, /oi eioi?iaoeey, iieo/aiiay iacaai-
iuie niiniaaie e ec ia?a/eneaiiuo enoi/ieeia, ia eiaao
aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiiai cia/aiey, iieiinoueth ioeacaoueny io aa
eniieueciaaiey iaoeaeaniia?acii.

I?aeoeea iieacuaaao, /oi eioi?iaoeey, iieo/aiiay aac
niaethaeaiey o?aaiaaiee oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiie oi?iu
(aeaaiui ia?acii iia?aoeaii-?icuneiua aeaiiua), e naa-
aeaiey, niaea?aeaueany a iineoaeyo, eioi?ua ia iiaoo noaoue
(aei ii?aaeaeaiiiai iiiaioa) enoi/ieeaie aeieacaoaeuenoa,
oniaoii eniieuecothony a ?anneaaeiaaiee i?anooieaiee e aei-
eacuaaiee aeiu eeoe, eo niaa?oeaoeo.

Aieaa oiai, iaaeaeo aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiie e iai?ioeanno-

Oaeueiie eioi?iaoeeae iao iai?aiaeieeiie a?aieoeu, o. e. iia
(iai?ioeannoaeueiay eioi?iaoeey) i?e ii?aaeaeaiiuo a ca-
eiia oneiaeyo iiaeao noaoue i?ioeannoaeueiie (aeieacaoaeue-
noaaiiie) eeai eniieueciaaoueny i?e i?eiyoee iaeioi?uo
i?ioeannoaeueiuo ?aoaiee e a oaeoeea neaaenoaaiiuo aeaeno-
aee (/oi aoaeao i?aaeiaoii aeaeueiaeoaai enneaaeiaaiey).

5* ‘

Aeaaa II

INIIAIUA IAI?AAEAIEss ENIIEUeCIAAIEss
IIA?AOEAII-?ICUNEIIE EIOI?IAOeEE
I?E AICAOAEAeAIEE E A I?IOeANNA ?ANNEAAeIAAIEss
OAIEIAIUO AeAE

c 1. NIIOIIOAIEA IIA?AOEAII-?ICUNEIIAI
AeIEOIAIOE?IAAIEss E OAIEIAII-
I?IOeANNOAEUeIIAI AeIEACUAAIEss

Iaiaoiaeeiinoue eniieueciaaiey a ai?ueaa n i?anooiiinoueth,
ia?yaeo n aeaniuie, ioeoeeaeueiuie iaoiaeaie, ne?uouo
?acaaaeuaaoaeueiuo ia? aiieia i/aaeaeia.

Aua A. E. Eaiei a ienueia Y. I. Neeyineiio ienae:’
“I?ai?iaiaeaeay i?e nai ienueii oiaa?eua Ai?ianeiai n
i?eeiaeaiiuie e iaio aeieoiaioaie, i?ioo Aan ia?aoeoue
naiia na?ueaciia aieiaiea ia ane?uaaaiia caeanue ceioiio-
?aaeaiea e i?anooieaiea.

Iaiaoiaeeii iacia/eoue naiia ia?aie/aiiia /enei naiuo
iaaeaaeiuo e iiuoiuo oiaa?euae (ii aiciiaeiinoe, ia ai-
eaa 2-3), i?eaea/ue iaeiiai io *?acau/aeiie eiiennee, i?i-
ecaanoe /a?ac oaeioth neaaenoaaiioth eiienneth no?iaeaeoaa
?anneaaeiaaiea, nia/aea aaconeiaii nae?aoiia, n oeaeueth (1)
ane?uoue iau/iue ii?yaeie aaaeaiey aeaea a niioaaonoaoth-
uai o/?aaeaeaiee, (2) auneaaeeoue nayce i?anooiieeia eiio?-
?aaiethoeeiia?ia e (3) a?anoiaaoue eo anao, ia aeaa ieeiio
oaaaeaoue”‘.

O?oaeii i?aaenoaaeoue naaa i?ioeaiaeaenoaea i?anooiiinoe,
oai aieaa ?aoeoaeueiia ianooieaiea ia yoi aioenioeeaeue-
iia yaeaiea n iiceoeee aano?aeoiiai aoiaiecia e caeii-
iinoe, anee o/eouaaoue, n iaeiie noi?iiu, ?acia?u i?anooi-
iinoe, aa no?oeoo?o, aeeiaieeo, oa?aeoa?enoeeo i?anooiiuo
aeayiee e eeoe, eo niaa?oathueo, a n ae?oaie noi?iiu – ni-
a?aiaiiua aiciiaeiinoe i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia.

“Aeaai iauanoaa,-eae ioia/ae O. I. Aieueoa?,-
noieue ianiiiaiii yaeyaony aaeeinoaaiiie ia?ie i?aanoaai-
iiai aeia?a e cea, /oi iu auioaeaeaiu auaaai a neo/aa

* Eaiei A. E. Iiei. nia?. ni/. O. 50. N. 151-152.
68

ioaeaeu eciaiyoue ana iaoe eaeae, nicaeaiiua iaie naaa ioii-
neoaeueii ni?aaaaeeeaiai e iani?aaaaeeeaiai”‘.

Anee iauanoai i?eiyei ?aoaiea ia iauyaeaiee “aieiu
ia?iaea n i?anooiiinoueth”2, oi e aanoenue oaeay “aieia” aeie-
aeia n i?eiaiaieai iniiaiuo i?aaee aiaiiiai eneonnoaa:

iaee/ea niioaaonoaothueo nee, iiaeaioiaeaiiuo e iniauai-
iuo aeieaeiui ia?acii, eniieueciaaiea ?acaaaeee, eiio??ac-
aaaeee, oaeoe/aneeo i?eaiia, iia?aoeee e i?.

?acoiaaony, iaaiciiaeii a oaiaeo eciaieaoaeny neooa-
oeee “aianoue a ninoiyiea ianniaiai ineoica”, neaoeoueny e
aaciaeyaeiiio oa??i?o, ?ai?anneyi e ioeacaoueny io i?ei-.
oeeieaeueiuo iieiaeaiee, ii ia ia?aniio?aoue neiaeeaoeany
noa?aioeiu e aeiaiu iiae aeeyieai ii?aaeaeaiiie niaieoi-
. iinoe oneiaee auei au iaaeiionoeii.

Yoi, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue, ioiineony e eniieueciaaieth a
?anneaaeiaaiee aeaiiuo, iieo/aiiuo a oiaea i?eiyoey iia-
?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia? (I?I)3.

A noaouea 29 Iniia e no. 118 OIE i?eiyoea iia?aoeaii–
?icuneiuo e eiuo i?aaeoniio?aiiuo caeiiii ia? a oeaeyo
iaia?oaeaiey i?anooieaiee e eeoe, eo niaa?oeaoeo, aicei-
aeaii ia i?aaiu aeiciaiey, iaeiaei eiie?aoiue oa?aeoa? oa-
eeo ia? a caeiia ia aue ii?aaeaeai.

A nayce n yoei aiciee ?yae aii?inia: /oi i?aaenoaaeytho
niaie naaaeaiey, iieo/aiiua a ?acoeueoaoa i?eiyoey iia?a-
oeaii-?icuneiuo ia?, eae iie niioiinyony n aeieacaoaeue-
noaaie, eae oeacaiiay eioi?iaoeey iiaeao auoue eniieueci-
aaia i?e ?anneaaeiaaiee i?anooieaiee.’

A e?eieiaeenoeea ioia/aaony, /oi iia?aoeaii-?icune-
iay eioi?iaoeey yaeyaony ?aciiaeaeiinoueth nioeeaeueiie ei-
oi?iaoeee e i?aaenoaaeyao niaie naaaeaiey ia ianoiyoaeueno-
aao, iiaeeaaeaueo aeieacuaaieth, iieo/aiiua i?aaiaie aei-
ciaiey n iiiiuueth iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo, i?aeiouanoaai-
ii iaaeaniuo nee, n?aaenoa e iaoiaeia4.

‘ Aieueoa? O. I. Oeac. ni/. N. 271.

2 Aiai?ooei N. Aieia n i?anooiiinoui//Nia. eoeueoo?a. 1989.
29 ethey.

3 Caeanue e aeaeaa a oeaeyo ianoiyuaai enneaaeiaaiey iiiyoey “iia-
?aoeaii-?icuneiua aeaiiua, naaaeaiey, iieo/aiiua a oiaea i?eiyoey
iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia?, eioi?iaoeey (iaoa?eaeu), iieo/aiiua a
i?ioeanna iia?aoeaii-?icuneiie aeayoaeueiinoe (I?Ae)” eniieuecothony,
anee ia iaiai?aii eiia, eae neiiieiu, ianiio?y ia oi, /oi I?Ae ii
naiaio niaea?aeaieth e iai?aaeaieyi oe?a I?I (I?I eeoue /anoue
I?Ae).-Eaa.

4 Ni., iai?.: ?aoeiia A. ?. Acaeiiaeaenoaea neaaeiaaoaeae i?ieo-
?aoo?u e ieeeoeee i?e ?anneaaeiaaiee i?anooieaiee. – A na.: I?aeoeea
i?eiaiaiey iiaiai oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa,

Eae ioia/aaony a eeoa?aoo?a, iaaeaniue oa?aeoa? iia-
?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia? naycai n eniieueciaaieai iniauo
iiciaiee e iiaeaioiaee, niaoeeaeueiuo oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa,
enoi/ieeia eioi?iaoeee’, oaeoe/aneeo i?eaiia e nio?aia-
ieai eo a oaeia io anao e?iia eeoe, o/anoaothueo a yoie
aeayoaeueiinoe2. I?e/ai, eiinie?aoeaiue oa?aeoa? aeayoaeue-
iinoe i?aaiia aeiciaiey icia/aao nio?aiaiea a oaeia eeoue
eo ieaiia, iai?aaeaiee ?icuneiie ?aaiou io i?anooiie-
eia, eo ?iaenoaaiieeia e ae?oaeo eeoe3, a ia nee, n?aaenoa e
iaoiaeia aiiaua.

A oiaea I?Ae i?aaiu aeiciaiey iiaoo i?iaanoe ?acaaaeeo,
nia?aoue eioi?iaoeeth i i?ioiaeyueo ii aeaeo eeoeao, iaia-
?oaeeoue e caaea?aeaoue i?anooiieea, iaania/eoue iaaethaeaiea
ca ii?aaeaeaiiuie eeoeaie e iauaeoaie4.

Ia iaaeaniue oa?aeoa? iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia? i?y-
ii oeacuaaaony a iaeiii ec i?iaeoia Caeiia i niaaoneie
ieeeoeee. Oae, a ?acaeaea III “I?aaiii/ey ieeeoeee” (no. 16
i. 10) i?iaeoa Caeiia i niaaoneie ieeeoeee, iai?aaeaiiiai
28.03.89 a. /eaiai Niaaoa IAAe NNN?, oeacuaaaony, /oi
ieeeoeey eiaao i?aai “i?iaiaeeoue, a oii /enea n eniieueciaa-
ieai iia?aoeaii-oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa, iaaeaniua ia?i-
i?eyoey a oeaeyo iaia?oaeaiey, i?ana/aiey, ?ane?uoey i?a-
nooieaiee, auyaeaiey i?e/anoiuo e iei eeoe; eniieueci-
aaoue iieo/aiiua aeaiiua a ea/anoaa aeieacaoaeuenoa ii oai-
eiaiui aeaeai a ii?yaeea, i?aaeoniio?aiiii oaieiaii-i?i-
oeannoaeueiui caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii”.

N. 86-89; Aaeeei ?. N. Niae?aiea, enneaaeiaaiea e ioeaiea aeieaca-
oaeuenoa. N. 38-39.

Aaoi? niciaoaeueii, a oeaeyo enneaaeiaaiey, noaeaao oa?aeoa?enoeeo
iia?aoeaii-?icuneiie eioi?iaoeee, ia?aie/eaaynue oeacaieai ia aa
naycue n i?aaeiaoii aeieacuaaiey. Yoi, i/aaeaeii, ia eneeth/aao eniieue-
ciaaiey oeacaiiuo aeaiiuo aeey oeaeae i?ioeeaeoeee, oi?aaeaiey, ?i-
cunea i?anooiieeia, ieaie?iaaiey iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia? e o. i.

‘ Ea?ei A. I. ?anneaaeiaaiea ii oaieiaiiio aeaeo: i?ioeannoaeue-
iua ooieoeee. I., 1986. N. 123.

2 ?aoeiia A. I. Acaeiiaeaenoaea neaaeiaaoaeae i?ieo?aoo?u e
ieeeoeee i?e ?anneaaeiaaiee i?anooieaiee// I?aeoeea i?eiaiaiey ii-
aiai oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa. I., 1962. N. 86-89.

3 Ieoaeeaiei A. ?. Iaeioi?ua aii?inu aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiia
aeiciaiey e niaa?oainoaiaaiea aa caeiiiaeaoaeueiie ?aaeaiaioaoeee//
Aeooaeueiua i?iaeaiu io?aneaauo th?eaee/aneeo iaoe. Na?aoia, 1982.
N. 95.

4 Aiae?aaa I. A. Acaeiiaeaenoaea neaaeiaaoaeae i?ieo?aoo?u e i?-
aaiia ieeeoeee//I?aeoeea i?eiaiaiey iiaiai oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueii-
ai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa. I., 1962. N. 83-85.

Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi i?eiyoea iaaeaniuo (eiioeaeai-
oeeaeueiuo, iaioeoeeaeueiuo) ia? a ii?aaeaeaiiuo oeaeyo ia
yaeyaony iiiiiieeae i?aaiia ieeeoeee.

Oae, i?aeoe/anee ethaie ?oeiaiaeeoaeue, ia?aae oai eae
i?eiyoue ia ?aaioo eaeiai-eeai nio?oaeieea, eae i?aaeei,
niae?aao i aai aeaeiauo e ii?aeueiuo ea/anoaao niioaaono-
aothuea naaaeaiey (a oii /enea e eiioeaeaioeeaeueiiai oa-
?aeoa?a). I?e/ai, /ai auoa i?aaeiieaaaaiay e caiyoeth
aeieaeiinoue, oai aieueoee iauai naaaeaiee i eaiaeeaeaoa ia-
iaoiaeei.

I?eiaiythony iaioeoeeaeueiua iaoiaeu nai?a eioi?ia-
oeee a ?aaioa aeo?iaeenoia, eiiia?aoi?ia, caieiathueony
io?aiie a?aaeaeai, nio?oaeieeia /anoiuo nuneiuo aaaionoa
e o. i.

Oe?iei eniieuecothony iaaeaniua ?acaaaeuaaoaeueiua ia-
oiaeu (ia ne?uaay yoe iaoiaeu eae oaeiaua) a aiaiiii aea-
ea. Iai?eia?, a Aiaiiii yioeeeeiiaaee/aneii neiaa?a paj-
^aaaeea ii?aaeaeyaony eae niaieoiiinoue ia?ii?eyoee, i?iai-
aeeiuo n oeaeueth nai?a aeaiiuo i aeaenoaeoaeueiii eee aa?iyo-
iii i?ioeaieea, ianoiinoe e ae?oaeo ianoiyoaeuenoaao, ia-
iaoiaeeiuo aeey i?eiyoey ?aoaiey e ioeaiee ianoaiiaee’.

Ii iaoiaeai aaaeaiey ?acee/atho aieneiaoth e aaaioo?-
ioth ?acaaaeeo2.

Iineaaeiyy i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aeiauaaiea n iiiiuueth
oaeiuo aaaioia naaaeaiee i aii?oaeaiiuo neeao, aiaiii-
iiaeeecaoeeiiiuo aiciiaeiinoyo ainoaea?noaa, oaao?a aiai-
iuo aeaenoaee e ae?.3. Niaieoiiinoue oaeiuo aaaioia i?aae-
noaaeyao niaie aaaioo?ioth naoue eee nuneioth neoaeao’,
aeaenoaey eioi?ie iai?aaeythony iaeaaaeueiuie i?aaenoaae-
oaeyie ?acaaaeee iaeiie no?aiu a ae?oaii ainoaea?noaa. Oa-
eea eeoea eiaiothony ?aceaeaioaie5.

I?eiaiythony iaaeaniua iaoiaeu nai?a eioi?iaoeee ii-
eeoeeae eaieoaeenoe/aneeo ainoaea?noa.

Oae, A. I. Ieeieae/ee, aiaeece?oy ?aaioo iieeoeee
NOA, iacuaaao oaeea iaoiaeu ai?ueau n i?anooiiinoueth, eae
i?ineooeaaiea oaeaoiiiuo ia?aaiai?ia, yeaeo?iiiia ia-

‘ Aiaiiue yioeeeeiiaaee/aneee neiaa?ue. I., 1984. N. 616. Aiaei-
ae/iia ii?aaeaeaiea niaea?aeeony a Niaaoneii yioeeeeiiaaee/aneii nei-
aa?a. I., 1980. N. 1108.

2 Aiaiiue yioeeeeiiaaee/aneee neiaa?ue. N. 617.
. 3 Oai aea. N. 20.

4 Iaeaaia N. E. Neiaa?ue ?onneiai ycuea. I., 1986. N. 19.

5 Aiaiiue yioeeeeiiaaee/aneee neiaa?ue. N. 630.

aethaeaiea, ineoieiae/aneea eniuoaiey, eniieueciaaiea oae-
iuo aaaioia e inaaaeiieoaeae’.

Yoe iaoiaeu ?ani?ino?aiaiu a i?aeoeea iieeoeee Aia-
eee, O?A, ssiiiee, Eoaeee, Aeaiee e ae?oaeo no?ai2.

I?e/ai, i?eiaiaiea oaeeo iaoiaeia ioeoeeaeueii i?ecia-
ii, iinoaaeaii caeiiii a niioaaonoaothuea ?aiee e yaeyao-
ny i?aaeiaoii aiaeeca ni noi?iiu o/aiuo e iauanoaaiii-
noe.

Niaaoneea o/aiua-e?eieiaeenou a naieo ?aaioao 20-
40-o aiaeia aiaeece?iaaee oaeea i?eaiu “oaoieee ?annea-
aeiaaiey”, eae iaaeaniue nune, neaaeea, iaaethaeaiea, aeaoae-
oeaiia oioia?aoe?iaaiea3, i?eaea/aiea e ?aoaieth caaea/
oaieiaiiai nunea ?aciiai ?iaea oaeiuo iiiiuieeia (inaa-
aeiieoaeae, eioi?iaoi?ia, niaeyaeaoaaa e o. i.)4.

A aeaeueiaeoai n ?anoe?aieai a iaoae no?aia ?ai?an-
nee, iniiaaiiuo ia?aaeei ia iaioeoeeaeueiuo iaoa?eaeao,
i?eiaiaiea iai?ioeannoaeueiuo iaoiaeia noaei ouaoaeueii
ne?uaaoueny, a a iineaaeiea aiaeu ioeoeeaeueiuie i?aaiaie
(a o. /. e IAAe NNN?) ii ioiioaieth e iei eca?aia “oe-
ao?a oiie/aiey”.

Iaaeaeo oai aiaeec ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u e oeeue-
iia, ioaeeeaoeee a ioe?uouo ia?eiaee/aneeo ecaeaieyo ii-
neaaeieo eao iicaieyao naeaeaoue auaiae i oii, /oi aeey oe-
?ieiai e?oaa eeoe neeu, n?aaenoaa e iaoiaeu ?aaiou ieee-
oeee ia yaeythony oaeiie5. Ciaeiinoai aeaaea ia iinayuai-
iuo a oiieinoe aeaoaeoeaiiai aeai?a (a oai aieaa eeoe n io-
?eoeaoaeueiui nioeeaeueiui iiuoii), n i?iaeoeoeeae n?aaenoa

‘ Ieeieae/ee A I NOA: iieeoeaeneee eiio?ieue iaae iauanoaii.
I., 1987.

2 Eiaaeaa A. A. Ao?aeoaciay caeiiiinoue: oai?aoe/aneea eeethcee
e noaeaaii-iieeoeaeneay ?aaeueiinoue. I., 1986. N. 128-135.

3 Ni., iai?.: ^A?iiia A. I?aaeaa?eoaeueiia ?anneaaeiaaiea a niaao-
neii oaieiaiii I?ioeannaO” I., 1935; sseeiia E. I. E?eieiaeenoeea.
Oaieiaiay oaeoeea. I., 1929; Iioaiia N. I. Noaeaaiay oioia?aoey.
I., 1948.

4 Ni.: Ooeaa? A., Oiaeea?o A. I?aeoe/aneia ?oeiaiaenoai aeey
?aaioieeia oaieiaiiai ?icunea. I., 1929. N. 17-18; ?ioai ?. I/a?-
ee nae?aoiie neoaeau. Ec enoi?ee ?acaaaeee. I., 1946. N. 3-4.

5 Ni., iai?.: Iiiecianeee A. I. Ii/ue ia ianooieo. I., 1972; Au-
nioeeee N. A. Aiiieiiue caeac/ee. Iiaanoe, ?anneacu. I., 1986; Ai-
eiaeia A. A?aiy ia ?aciuoeaiea//0aiiae. 1989. ? 4; ?ycaioeaa A.
Aii?oaeai e i/aiue iianai//Nia. ?inney. 1989. ? 40; ?yaia A. O.
Neieueei eeoe o ieeeoeee//THiinoue. 1988. ? 3; Eeiioeeueiu “*a?iue
i?eioe”, “Nooea/”, “Iaeeii/ea”, “Iethiaoi” e ae?.; TH. Oaioaiia. Aea-
eeeaoiue aii?in (aaaiou, nooea/e, oaeiua aeinuea e i?aai ia eioi?-
iaoeeth)//Iiaia a?aiy. 1989. ? 38. N. 30; Iaoai a e?anea ieieno-
?a//Eeo. aac. 1990. ? 4; Aeieaeiinoue: aaaio ieeeoeee//Ecaanoey. 1990.
15 ai?.; Noaeueaa ?aceaeaioa//Nia. iieiaeaaeue. 1990. 27 oaa?.

ianniaie eioi?iaoeee ioe?uaaao aiciiaeiinoe ia oieueei
noi?ie?iaaoue i?aaenoaaeaiea i n?aaenoaao e iaoiaeao ?i-
cuneiie ?aaiou, ii e iieo/eoue ii?aaeaeaiiia i?aaenoaaeaiea
i oaeoeea eo i?iaaaeaiey e iai?aaeaiey eniieueciaaiey
aeaiiuo, iieo/aiiuo a ?acoeueoaoa eo i?eiaiaiey.

I?ioeai?a/ea iaaeaeo aeinooiiinoueth eioi?iaoeee i oi?-
iao e iaoiaeao ?aaiou i?aaiia ieeeoeee e aaaeiinoaaiiuie
?aaeeiiuie ia?aie/aieyie i?eaaei aaoi?a e iaiaoiaeeii-
noe enneaaeiaaiey iaeioi?uo aniaeoia i?iaeai eiinie?a-
oeee a aeayoaeueiinoe iia?aoeaiuo ?aaioieeia.

Ii niaoeeaeueii ?ac?aaioaiiie aieaoa auei ii?ioaii
aieaa 100 iia?aoeaiuo ?aaioieeia AONN. N?aaee ieo: ?o-
eiaiaeeoaee iia?aoeaiuo aiia?aoia-25%, iia?aoeaiua
oiieiiii/aiiua AONN-65%, ii noaaeo ?aaiou 5 eao e

aieaa-66%, io 3 aei 5 eao- 15%, aei 3 eao- 19%.

A ?acoeueoaoa enneaaeiaaiey onoaiiaeaii, /oi aieueoei-
noai ii?ioaiiuo a i?ioeanna I?Ae noaeeeaaeenue n oaeie
neooaoeeae, eiaaea i?anooiieeai’ auei ecaanoii i neeao,
n?aaenoaao e iaoiaeao iia?aoeaii-?icuneiie, ?aaiou. Ia yoi
oeacaee 82% ii?ioaiiuo. I?e/ai oaeay neooaoeey aeey ieo
aicieeaea ii eaaeaeiio 10-io aeaeo a 28% neo/aaa; ii eaae-
aeiio 5-io-15%; ii eaaeaeiio 2-3-io-14%; ii eaaeaei-
io-2%.

Enoi/ieee iieo/aiey oaeie eioi?iaoeee i?anooiieea-
ie ?ani?aaeaeeeenue neaaeothuei ia?acii: auaoea iia?a-
oeaiua ?aaioieee-53%; n?aaenoaa ianniaie eioi?ia-
oeee-43%; ?aiaa noaeeiua eeoea-35%; iia?aoeaiua ?a-
aioieee – 15%; neaaeiaaoaee – 14%; aaeaieaou – 30%;

auaoea neaaeiaaoaee-22%; ae?oaea ?aaioieee i?aaiio?a-
ieoaeueiuo i?aaiia-38%; i?anooiieee, naiinoiyoaeueii
?ane?uaoea iaoiaeu I?Ae,-11%; nineoaeeaoeu,, ciaeiiua,
?iaenoaaiieee-6%; iaoiaeia i?iaaaeaiea iia?aoeaiuo ia-
?ii?eyoee-12%.

Aieueoeinoao ii?ioaiiuo noaiiaeeinue ecaanoii ia inaa-
aeiieaiiinoe i?anooiieeia i neeao, n?aaenoaao e iaoiaeao
I?Ae ec eo aea auneacuaaiee (53%), 48%-ociaaaee ia
yoii ii ?aaeoeee e iiaaaeaieth i?anooiieeia, 32% -ec iia-
?aoeaiuo enoi/ieeia, a 21% neo/aaa yoi auoaeaei ec iau-
yniaiee e iieacaiee. .

Ec yoiai neaaeoao, /oi oaeo i?eiaiaiey iia?aoeaii-?i-
cuneiuo nee, n?aaenoa e iaoiaeia aeey auyaeaiey e ?ane?u-

‘ I i?anooiieeao caeanue e aeaeaa aiai?eony oneiaii. Eiathony a
aeaeo eeoea, iiaeaioaaeeaathuea, niaa?oathuea eee niaa?oeaoea i?a-
nooieaiey, a oaeaea eeoea, eiathuea i?anooiiue iiuo.

oey i?anooieaiee ia yaeyaony oaeiie aeey aieueoeinoaa i?a-
nooiieeia. Ia yoii iineaaeiea ociatho ec naiuo ?aciuo
enoi/ieeia (eiiaaea neo/aeii eeai, /aua anaai, i?aaeiaia-
?aiii) , a ia?aaeei e ia ne?uaatho naiae inaaaeiieaiiinoe
ia?aae iia?aoeaiui ?aaioieeii. I?e/ai enneaaeiaaiea ii-
eacaei, /oi iiaeiaiay neooaoeey ano?a/aaony aeinoaoi/ii /a-
noi.

Ianiio?y ia yoi, aieueoeinoai ?aniiiaeaioia (75%) io-
iinyony e yoiio io?eoeaoaeueii e n/eoatho, /oi a i?anna, en-
eonnoaa, ioaeeoeenoeea aeieaeiu nouanoaiaaoue cai?aou io-
iineoaeueii naaaeaiee ia iia?aoeaiuo neeao, n?aaenoaao e
iaoiaeao.

Oaeei ia?acii, a ioiioaiee iia?aoeaii-?icuneiie ?a-
aiou neiaeeeny iaaeinoaoi/ii ii?aaaeaiiue “eoeueo nae?ao-
iinoe”.

Oeacaiiia iieiaeaiea enoi?e/anee iauynieii, oae eae
“aeaenoaothuay a no?aia nenoaia caueou nae?aoia neeaaeu-
aaeanue a neiaeiuo enoi?e/aneeo oneiaeyo. Iia ca?iaeeeanue
a ia?eiae, “iaino?aiey eeanniaie ai?ueau”, aue?enoaeeeci-
auaaeanue a aiaeu Aaeeeie Ioa/anoaaiiie aieiu e oe?aie-
eanue ai a?aiaia aieiu “oieiaeiie”. A iineaaeothuai, ia
?oaaaea 50-60-o aiaeia yoa nenoaia oioy ii-naiaio e niaa?-
oainoaiaaeanue, iaeiaei ana aieaa ionoaaaea io iio?aaii-
noae iauanoaaiiiai i?ia?anna. A eoiaa naaiaeiy ai iiiaii
ae i?enoue yeaiaiou einiinoe e ia?aoeeiiaeueiinoe”‘.

E?eoeea iaii?aaaeaiiuo ?aaeeiiuo ia?aie/aiee a ii-
neaaeiaa a?aiy ana /aua e ino?aa cao/eo ni noi?iiu aaaeo-
ueo niaaoneeo o/aiuo. Oae, ii iiaieth aeaaeaieea AI
ONN? TH. Aeaau, “/aua anaai canae?a/eaaiea-eo/oee
niinia ni?yoaoue iaea/anoaaiioth ?aaioo io ioeaiee”2, a “ca-
e?uoinoue iauanoaa oyiao ian iacaae, iaoaao naiaiaeiiio
?acaa?ouaaieth oai?/aneeo iioaioeee /aeiaaea”3 e nayca-
ia, eae i?aaeei, n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth nio?aiaiey e aini?iec-
aiaenoaa ath?ie?aoee4.

I/aaeaeii, yoi ia icia/aao, /oi neaaeoao ?ane?uoue ana e
any. E a aiaiiii aeaea, e a i?iiuoeaiiii i?iecaiaenoaa, e
a ?icuneiie ?aaioa aeieaeia inoaaaoueny a?oiia naaaeaiee,
eioi?ua neaaeoao ioiineoue e eaoaai?ee ainoaea?noaaiiie ee-
ai neoaeaaiie oaeiu.

‘ ?oaaiia A. E. Io “eoeueoa nae?aoiinoe”-e eioi?iaoeeiiiie
eoeueoo?a/OEiiioieno. 1988. ? 13. N. 25.
. 2 Oai aea. N. 35.

3 Eiiei E., Oea?ioai I. Ia?eeinii e ath?ie?aou. Caeiiu Ia?-
eeiniia. I., 1989. N. 446.

4 Oai aea.

Oa?aeoa?ii, /oi ia aii?in i oii, iiaeii ee ?ane?uoue
neeu, n?aaenoaa e iaoiaeu I?Ae eae oaeiaua1, a eiinie?e-
?iaaoue eeoue eo i?eiaiaiea a eiie?aoiuo oneiaeyo, a eii-
e?aoiii ianoa e a ioiioaiee eiie?aoiiai eeoea, oieueei 52%
ii?ioaiiuo ioaaoeee io?eoeaoaeueii, a 35% ?oeiaiaeeoaeae
iia?aoeaiuo aiia?aoia aiiaua n/eoatho, /oi /anoue nee,
n?aaenoa e iaoiaeia iiaeii ?ane?uoue, oae eae iie oaea ie aeey
eiai ia i?aaenoaaeytho nae?aoa.

Yoi, ii-aeaeeiiio, naycaii n oai, /oi inaaaeiieaiiinoue
i?anooiieeia anoue oaeoi?, iiaeeecothuee iia?aoeaiiai
?aaioieea. Ia yoi oeacaee 25% ii?ioaiiuo.

A oaeeo neo/ayo 64% ec ieo “?aaioatho n i?anooiie-
eii” aieaa inoi?iaeii, ouaoaeueii i?iaeoiuaay iia?aoeee,
45%-eciaiytho oaeoeeo e no?aiyony i?aiaeieaoue eo i?i-
oeaiaeaenoaea, 35%-eino?oeoe?otho niioaaonoaothuei ia-
?acii o/anoieeia iia?aoeaiuo ia?ii?eyoee. ?aniiiaeaiou
ioiaoeee, /oi iniciaiea iia?aoeaiui ?aaioieeii inaa-
aeiieaiiinoe i?anooiieeia i neeao, n?aaenoaao e iaoiaeao
I?Ae canoaaeyao ?aaioieea ieeeoeee cao?a/eaaoue aieueoa
nee e oiaiee a oiaea iia?aoeaiie ?aaiou e, .oai naiui, ii-
noiyiii ?aaioaoue iaae iiauoaieai naiaai i?ioanneiiaeue-
iiai ianoa?noaa.

A oaeii neo/aa aeaenoaoao aeeaeaeoe/aneee i?eioeei, ni-
noiyuee a oii, /oi aeaeaeaiea anoue ?acoeueoao aaeeinoaa e
ai?ueau i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoae.

Eae ioia/aao A. I. sseiaeaa, anoue aeaa iniiaiuo iooe
ai?ueau n i?aaieciaaiiie i?anooiiinoueth: “Ia?aue-noaa-
oeoue oao, eiai iu iiaeic?aaaai a nio/anoee a i?aaieciaai-
iie i?anooiiinoe, canoiooue eo a eaia?o e aea?aeaoue aei oao
ii?, iiea ai anai ia niciathony.

A anoue ae?oaie iooue, ai?acaei aieaa o?oaeiue, aieaa neiae-
iue. Ii o?aaoao oneeee, e aeaiaa, e iiaeeaie iioiiaoue, e
yenia?oeco i?iaanoe, a eiaiii: neaaeeoue ca i?anooiieea-
ie-eeai canoe/ue eo ia ianoa i?anooieaiey, eeai aeiauoue
aeieacaoaeuenoaa iauaeoeaiiai oa?aeoa?a”2.

I?e/ai iineaaeiea, ii iiaieth A. I. sseiaeaaa, iiaoo
auoue iieo/aiu a ?acoeueoaoa i?ineooeaaiey oaeaoiiiuo
ia?aaiai?ia, i?e nuaieao ne?uoie eaia?ie, io eioi?ia-
oi?ia – aaaioia oaieiaiiai ?icunea i?e oneiaee, anee iie
aoaeoo i?aaeoniio?aiu a caeiia3. :

‘ Eiaaony a aeaeo caeiiiaeaoaeueiia cae?aieaiea aiciiaeiinoe i?e-
iaiaiey ieeeoeeae niioaaonoaothueo nee, n?aaenoa e iaoiaeia.

2 Eioa?aueth aeo?iaeo “Yoi ieaiaou”//Eaieineay niaia. 1989.
7 naio.

3 Oeac. eioa?aueth aeo?iaeo “Yoi ieaiaou”.

E /eneo I?I, eioi?ua iiaeeaaeao cae?aieaieth a caei-
ia, neaaeoao, ii-aeaeeiiio, ioianoe:

a) iieo/aiea eioi?iaoeee io eeoe, n eioi?uie onoaiia-
eaiu aeiaa?eoaeueiua ioiioaiey;

a) iaaethaeaiea ca aeaenoaeyie i?anooiieeia e oeenaoeey
eo aeayoaeueiinoe n iiiiuueth niioaaonoaothueo oaoie/aneeo
n?aaenoa;

a) iniio? ianoiinoe, neoaeaaiuo iiiauaiee, i?aaeiaoia
e aeieoiaioia;

a) i?aaeaa?eoaeueiue ii?in i/aaeaeoeaa i?anooieaiey e
i?aaeiieaaaaiuo naeaeaoaeae;

ae) aaaeaiea e?eieiaeenoe/aneeo e ae?oaeo niaoeeaeueiuo
o/aoia;

a) eniieueciaaiea iiciaiee niaoeeaeenoia.

I/aaeaeii, a caeiia aeinoaoi/ii auei au eeoue ia?a/en-
eeoue oeacaiiua ia?u aac ?ane?uoey oaeoeee eo i?iaaaea-
iey (/oi neaaeoao aea?aeaoue a oaeia) e iiae?iaiie ?aaeaiai-
oaoeee.

Aiciiaeiinoue eniieueciaaiey ieeeoeeae ia?a/eneaiiuo
iaoiaeia iaiin?aaenoaaiii naycaia n iieiaeaieyie oaieiaii-
i?ioeannoaeueiiai caeiia.

Oae, e?iia no. no. 29, 30 Iniia e no. 118 OIE, a
no. no. 119, 127, 196 OIE oeacuaaaony ia aiciiaeiinoue i?i-
aaaeaiey i?aaiaie aeiciaiey ?icuneiuo aeaenoaee.

I?e/ai anee iia?aoeaii-?icuneiua ia?u caeii (no. 119
OIE) i?yii naycuaaao n iaia?oaeaieai i?eciaeia i?a-
nooieaiey e onoaiiaeaieai eeoea, aai niaa?oeaoaai, oi ?i-
cuneiua aeaenoaey – n ianoiiaoiaeaeaieai oaea onoaiiaeai-
iiai, ecaanoiiai iaaeiyaiiai’ (no. 196 OIE).

I?e/ai eieoeeaoi?ii ?icunea e iniiaiui aai eniieie-
oaeai yaeyaony neaaeiaaoaeue. Iineaaeiee ai?aaa i?eiyoue
ia?u i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai oa?aeoa?a (eioi?ie?iaaiea iaua-
noaaiiinoe, iai?aaeaiea cai?inia, iieo/aiea aeaiiuo, ni-
aea?aeaueony a e?eieiaeenoe/aneeo o/aoao, e i?.), i?iaanoe
neaaenoaaiiua aeaenoaey (iniio?, iaune, aeii?in, caaea?aea-
iea e o. ae.) eeai ii?o/eoue aaaeaiea ?icunea i?aaiai aeicia-
iey.

Aeey auiieiaiey ii?o/aiey neaaeiaaoaey i?aaiu aeicia-
iey i?iaiaeyo neaaenoaaiiua aeaenoaey (anee eo i?eiyoea
i?yii oeacaii a ii?o/aiee), i?aaiecaoeeiiii-iieneiaua
ia?ii?eyoey e nianoaaiii iia?aoeaii-?icuneiua ia?u.

‘ Ia eneeth/aaony oae aea ?icune eeoea aac aanoe i?iiaaoaai, ia-
noiiaoiaeaeaiea ecaanoiuo neaaenoaeth i?aaeiaoia, aeieoiaioia, naeaea-
oaeae e o. i.

Oaeei ia?acii, a iineaaeiai neo/aa ?icuneiua aeaeno-
aey aeeth/atho a naay i?eiyoea iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia?.

Anee aea i?aaeiieiaeeoue eiia, oi neaaeoao i?eciaoue, /oi
oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiue caeii ia i?aaeinoaaeyao neaaeiaa-
oaeth i?aai aeaaaoue i?aaiai aeiciaiey ii?o/aiey i i?eiy-
oee iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia?’. Oaeie aea auaiae auoaeaao,
ia ia?aue acaeyae, ec no. 119 OIE, aaea i?aaiai aeiciaiey
i?aaeienaii (iinea ia?aaea/e neaaeiaaoaeth aeaea, ii eioi?i-
io onoaiiaeaii eeoei, niaa?oeaoaa i?anooieaiea) i?iai-
aeeoue ?icuneiua aeaenoaey oieueei ii ii?o/aieth neaaeiaaoaey,
oiaaea eae a neo/aa iaonoaiiaeaiey eeoea ii aeaeo, ia?aaeai-
iiio neaaeiaaoaeth, i?aaiu aeiciaiey naiinoiyoaeueii i?e-
ieiatho iia?aoeaii-?icuneiua ia?u, eeoue oaaaeiieyy nea-
aeiaaoaey ia eo ?acoeueoaoao.

Yoa noaia acaeiiioiioaiee neaaeiaaoaey e i?aaiia aei-
ciaiey a aieueoae ia?a i?eiaieia aeey ?ane?uoey e ?an-
neaaeiaaiey iai/aaeaeiuo i?anooieaiee iauaoaieiaiiai oa-
?aeoa?a, eiaaea ?anneaaeiaaiea aaaeaony ii oi?ioea “io oae-
oa e eeoeo”.

*oi aea eanaaony i?anooieaiee a noa?-a yeiiiieee (oe-
uaiey, acyoi/ie/anoai, iiai?u, niaeoeyoeey e i?.), oi ee-
oei, aiineaaenoaee i?eaeaeaaiia a ea/anoaa iaaeiyaiiai, a
aaniethoiii aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa ecaanoii oaea a iiiaio
aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea, a ia?aaeei e aei aicaoaeaeaiey
aeaea.

Neaaeiaaoaeueii, ii?o/aiey e oeacaiey neaaeiaaoaey ii
iineaaeiae a?oiia i?anooieaiee ia iiaoo niaea?aeaoue a naaa
o?aaiaaiea ia onoaiiaeaiee eeoea, niaa?oeaoaai i?anooi-
eaiea, oae eae yoi eeoei e aai ianoiiaoiaeaeaiea, eae i?a-
aeei, oaea ecaanoiu.

Icia/aao ee yoi, /oi i?e ?anneaaeiaaiee oaieiaiuo aeae
a noa?a yeiiiieee neaaeiaaoaeue ia ai?aaa aeaaaoue ii?o/a-
iey i?aaiai aeiciaiey i i?eiyoee iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo
ia? a oeaeyo ?ane?uoey i?anooieaiey?

I/aaeaeii, iao. Ii?o/aiey e oeacaiey neaaeiaaoaey a
yoii neo/aa i?aneaaeotho oeaeue onoaiiaeaiey eaeeo-eeai ia-
ecaanoiuo ianoiyoaeuenoa eae n iiiiuueth neaaenoaaiiuo aeae-
noaee, oae e iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia?. Oeacuaaoue a ii-
?o/aiee eiie?aoiua iia?aoeaii-?icuneiua ia?u neaaei-
aaoaeue ia ai?aaa, /oi ia eneeth/aao o?aaiaaiey i auyaea-
iee naeaeaoaeae, iaia?oaeaiee aeieoiaioia, i?iaa?ea oae-
oia e o. i.

‘ Aeoaeineee A. ss- Eniieiaiea i?ioeannoaeueiuo ?aoaiee neaaeiaa-
oaey. Eeaa, 1984. N. 110. ,

Oa?aeoa?ii, /oi iiiyoea “?icune”, niaea?aeauaany a
“TH?eaee/aneii yioeeeeiiaaee/aneii neiaa?a”, aeeth/aao a
naay nianoaaiii ?icune, eiaaea ?acuneeaaaony ecaanoiia
eeoei, niaa?oeaoaa i?anooieaiea, e ?icune eae iaeio ec ia?,
i?aaei?eieiaaiuo a oeaeyo ?ane?uoey i?anooieaiee’.

Oaeei ia?acii, ?icuneiua aeaenoaey (?icune) iiae?acaea-
eythony:

a) ii iai?aaeaieyi (oeaeyi) aeayoaeueiinoe ia ‘?icune
eae niaieoiiinoue ia? ii ?ane?uoeth i?anooieaiey e ?icune
n oeaeueth onoaiiaeaiey ianoiiaoiaeaeaiey eeoe, i?aaeiaoia,
aeieoiaioia;

Oa) ii noauaeoai ia ?icune, inouanoaeyaiue neaaeiaaoa-
eai, e ?icune, i?iaiaeeiue i?aaiaie aeiciaiey;

a) ii iaoiaeai aaaeaiey ia ?icune iooai i?iaaaeaiey
neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee, i?eiyoey i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo, iienei-
auo, “noi?iaeaauo” e iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia?2.

E /eneo i?aaiauo iniiaaiee aeey i?eiyoey iia?aoeaii-
?icuneiuo ia? neaaeoao ioianoe oaeaea iieiaeaiea caeiia
i aiciiaeiinoe iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai iaia?oaeaiey i?eciaeia
i?anooieaiey i?aaiaie aeiciaiey (no. 108 i. 6 OIE). Aic-
eiaeea ia i?aaiu aeiciaiey i?eiyoea iia?aoeaii-?icune-
iuo ia? (no. 118 OIE), caeiiiaeaoaeue i?aaeoniio?ae aic-
iiaeiinoue eniieueciaaoue ?acoeueoaou eo i?eiyoey a ea/ano-
aa iiaiaea e aicaoaeaeaieth oaieiaiiai aeaea (aieaa iiae?ia-
ii yoio aii?in aoaeao ?anniio?ai a neaaeothuai ia?aa?aoa).

?ac?aoaiea aii?ina i niioiioaiee iia?aoeaii-?icune-
iie eioi?iaoeee e aeieacaoaeuenoa iaiin?aaenoaaiii naycaii
n niioiioaieai iia?aoeaii-?icuneiie aeayoaeueiinoe e oai-
eiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiiai aeieacuaaiey.

A Ii yoiio aii?ino a eeoa?aoo?a auneacaiu aeaa iniia-
iua iiceoeee.

Oae, iai?eia?, N. A. Oaeoa? n/eoaao, /oi iai?ioeanno-
aeueiua ia?ii?eyoey ii iaia?oaeaieth iineoaeae eioi?ia-
oeee ieacuaatho nouanoaaiioth iiiiuue a niae?aiee aeiea-
caoaeuenoa, iaeiaei eaaeao ca i?aaeaeaie aeieacuaaiey eae
aeayoaeueiinoe i?ioeannoaeueiie3.

Ec yoiai aeaeaaony auaiae, /oi iia?aoeaii-?icuneiay ei-
oi?iaoeey aeey neaaeiaaoaey iiaeao eiaoue cia/aiea i?eaioe-

‘ TH?eaee/aneee yioeeeeiiaaee/aneee neiaa?ue. I., 1984. N. 321.

2 E?iia yoiai ?icune iiaeao auoue ianoiui, ananithciui, eieoeea-
oeaii-iieneiaui, ?icuneii ii ii?o/aieth e o. ae.

3 Oaeoa? N. A. Aaoi?ao. aeieo. aeenn. N. 13; aai aea: No?oeoo?a
niae?aiey aeieacaoaeuenoa O/’/ Aii?inu inouanoaeaiey i?aainoaeey ii
oaieiaiui aeaeai. Eaeeieia?aae, 1982. N. 44-45.

pa (e ia aieaa) a ?anneaaeiaaiee e eniieuecoaony eeoue a ii-
?aaeaeaiee oaeoeee neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee, aeey iaia?oaea-
iey enoi/ieeia-iineoaeae aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiie eioi?iaoeee,
i?e auaeaeaeaiee aa?nee’.

I?eciaaay aniiiiaaoaeueiue oa?aeoa? I?Ae ii ioiioa-
ieth e aeieacuaaieth, ae?oaay a?oiia aaoi?ia iieaaaao, /oi
oaeia eo niioiioaiea ia eneeth/aao ?anniio?aiey I?Ae a
ea/anoaa ninoaaiie /anoe iaeioi?uo yeaiaioia aeieacuaa-
iey, naycaiiiai n iaia?oaeaieai aeieacaoaeuenoa iaoa?eaeue-
iiai, aauanoaaiiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey2.

Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi e noi?iiieee ia?aie oi/ee c?a-
iey ia niioiioaiea I?I e aeieacuaaiey oeacuaatho ia oi,
/oi niae?aiea aeieacaoaeuenoa iaaiciiaeii aac i?aaeaa?e-
oaeueiiai iaia?oaeaiey iineoaeae aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiie ei-
oi?iaoeee (eeoe, iiaeeaaeaueo aeii?ino, iano iaoiaeaeaiey
eneiiuo i?aaeiaoia e aeieoiaioia), /oi neoaeeo i?aaeiinue-
eie aeieacuaaiey3.

Ii-aeaeeiiio, eniieueciaaiea iai?ioeannoaeueiuo e i?i-
oeannoaeueiuo iaoiaeia ia yoaia iaia?oaeaiey aeieacaoaeuenoa
o?oaeii ?acaeaeeoue e ?aca?aie/eoue, oae eae iie acaeiinay-
caiu e oanii ia?aieaoaiu.

Oae, neaaeiaaoaeue i?e i?iecaiaenoaa aeii?ina aia/aea,
eae i?aaeei, aanaaeoao n aeii?aoeaaaiui, auyniyao aai io-
iioaiea e i?ienoaaeoaio, iiaeao iieo/eoue naaaeaiey i e?o-
aa aiciiaeiuo naeaeaoaeae eee i?anooiieeia, i?e iniio?a
ianoa i?ienoanoaey i?aaeaa?eoaeueii ii?aaeaeyao aai a?a-
ieoeu, ianoa aiciiaeiiai iaoiaeaeaiey eneiiuo i?aaeiaoia e
aeieoiaioia, iieo/aao iauyniaiey i?ienoaaeoaai o i/a-
aeaeoeaa, iioa?iaaoeo niaoeeaeenoia e o. ae.

Oieueei iinea aini?eyoey oaeeo naaaeaiee (n oi/ee c?a-

‘ Ni., iai?.: ?eaeei A., Aeueia?o N., Aaaeaiia I. I aeieacaoaeue-
noaao a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna // Nioe. caeiiiinoue. 1963. ? 9.
N. 42; Aaeeei ?. N. Niae?aiea, enneaaeiaaiea e ioeaiea aeieacaoaeuenoa.
N. 38-39; Ai?neee A. O., Eiei?aa E. Ae., Yeueeeiae I. N. I?iaeaiu
aeieacaoaeuenoa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. N. 207; Aaneeueaa A. I.,
ssaeieia I. I. I?aaeiao, nenoaia e oai?aoe/aneea iniiau e?eieiaeen-
oeee. I., 1984. N. 48-55.

2 Ni., iai?.: ?aoeiia A. ?. Acaeiiaeaenoaea neaaeiaaoaeae i?ieo-
?aoo?u e ieeeoeee i?e .?anneaaeiaaiey i?anooieaiee. Oeac. noaouey. N.
86-89; Aeiaa?a A. E., Ei/a?ia A. E., Ieiueeianeee A. I. Aeooaeue-
iua aii?inu oai?ee noaeaaiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa a oaieiaiii i?ioeanna.
Oeac. noaouey. N. 19-27; Oai?ey aeieacaoaeuenoa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii
i?ioeanna. N. 527-529; ?iaica?ia A. O. Iia?aoeaii-?icuneiua ia?u
a nenoaia noaeaaiiai aeieacuaaiey//I?aaiaaaeaiea. 1978. ? 6 N 106-
108.

3 Oaeoa? N. A. No?oeoo?a niae?aiey aeieacaoaeuenoa. Oeac. noaouey.
N. 44. .

iey oeaeae ?anneaaeiaaiey), eo oeenaoeee a niioaaonoaee n
o?aaiaaieyie OIE e ecuyoey (a neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe)
?acoeueoaou aeayoaeueiinoe neaaeiaaoaey i?eia?aoatho i?i-
oeannoaeueiue oa?aeoa?. Eia/a aiai?y, i?ioeannoaeueiue oa-
?aeoa? caeanue eiaao eeoue aanue eiiieaen aeaenoaee neaaeiaa-
oaey ii iaia?oaeaieth, oeenaoeee e ecuyoeth aeieacaoaeuenoa.

Anee aea aeaenoaey neaaeiaaoaey ia niaea?aeao a naaa oee-
naoeee iieo/aiiie eioi?iaoeee, iie aoaeoo eiaoue iai?ioean-
noaeueiue oa?aeoa?.

Oaeei ia?acii, a oiaea i?eiyoey ethauo iai?ioeannoaeue-
iuo (a o. /. e iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo) ia? aiciiaeii iaia-
?oaeaiea aeieacaoaeuenoa’, oiaaea eae eeoue niae?aiea aeiea-
caoaeuenoa i?eaiaeeo e iiyaeaieth aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiie ei-
oi?iaoeee.

Ia neo/aeii, ii-aeaeeiiio, caeiiiaeaoaeue a no. 70 OIE
Oia auaeaeyao a niae?aiee aeieacaoaeuenoa eo iaia?oaeaiea,
ecuyoea e oeenaoeeth, a oa?ieiii “iaia?oaeaiea aeieaca-
oaeuenoa” ainiieueciaaeny eeoue i?eiaieoaeueii e iniio?o
ianoa i?ienoanoaey (no. 178 OIE).

Oaeei ia?acii, i?ioeannoaeueiay aeayoaeueiinoue aac i?e-
iaiaiey iai?ioeannoaeueiuo iaoiaeia auea au iaaiciiaeiie,
a iai?ioeannoaeueiay aeayoaeueiinoue aac iineaaeothuaai en-
iieueciaaiey aa ?acoeueoaoia a oaieiaiii i?ioeanna-aan-
oeaeueiie. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, ethaie aeae iai?ioeannoaeueiie aeay-
oaeueiinoe ii iaia?oaeaieth aeieacaoaeuenoa (aac oeenaoeee
?acoeueoaoia iaia?oaeaiey n iiiiuueth i?ioeannoaeueiie oi?-
iu) iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue a ea/anoaa ninoaaiiai yeaiaioa
iaia?oaeaiey (ii ia niae?aiey) aeieacaoaeuenoa.

A niaieoiiinoe n aiciiaeiinoueth i?aaenoaaeaiey aeiea-
caoaeuenoa a ii?yaeea /. II no. 70 OIE iai?ioeannoaeueiua (a
o. /. e iaaeaniua) iaoiaeu ia?acotho iaeei ec niiniaia ni-
ae?aiey aeieacaoaeuenoa.

Ia i?aoaiaeoy ia aiaeec anao aniaeoia niioiioaiey oai-
eiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiiai aeieacuaaiey e I?Ae, ia?aie/einy
eeoue naycueth aeieacuaaiey e oie /anoe I?Ae, eioi?ay eiaao
naiae, oeaeueth nai? naaaeaiee ia ianoiyoaeuenoaao, iiaeeaaea-
ueo aeieacuaaieth, a aeey ii?aaeaeaiey iineaaeiae ainiieue-
coainy oa?ieiii “aeieoiaioe?iaaiea”2.

1 Eiathony a aeaeo ia aeieacaoaeuenoaa a eo oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeue-
iii cia/aiee, a ianoiyoaeuenoaa, oaeou, eeoea, i?aaeiaou, aeieoiaiou e
o. i.

2 Aeieoiaio-iaoa?eaeueiue iineoaeue eioi?iaoeee (aoiaaa, ia?-
oiea?oa, iaaieoioiiiay caienue e o. i.), niaoeeaeueii i?eniiniaeaiiue
aeey aa ia?aaea/e ai a?aiaie e a i?ino?ainoaa (ANY. O. 8. I., 1972.
N. 403). Aeieoiaioe?iaaoue-iainiiauaaoue aeieoiaioaie (Iaeaaia N. E.
Neiaa?ue ?onneiai ycuea. I., 1975. N. 158).

Ii?aaeaeaiea aeieoiaioe?iaaiey eae niaieoiiinoe iia-
?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia? a oeaeyo nai?a naaaeaiee ia ianoiy-
oaeuenoaao i?anooieaiey, eeoeao, eo niaa?oeaoeo, a neo/aa,
anee yoe naaaeaiey caoeene?iaaiu ia niioaaonoaothueo ii-.
neoaeyo, aeaao aiciiaeiinoue auyaeoue a aeieoiaioe?iaaiee e
aeieacuaaiee iaeioi?ua yeaiaiou noiaenoaa.

Eae a aeieoiaioe?iaaiee, oae e a aeieacuaaiee eniieue-
cothony oaeea iauaiao/iua iiciaaaoaeueiua iaoiaeu, eae aa-
naaea, iniio?, iaaethaeaiea, n?aaiaiea, ecia?aiea, yenia?e-
iaio, enneaaeiaaiea eaeeo-eeai iauaeoia n iiiiuueth nia-
oeeaeenoia e o. i. .

I?eiaiaiea iineaaeieo iia?aoeaiui ?aaioieeii, nea-
aeiaaoaeai, i?ieo?i?ii, noaeii iiaeao auoue i?aaenoaaeaii a
aeaea eioi?iaoeeiiiiai i?ioeanna (eioi?ie?iaaiey), ni-
noiyuaai ec iaai?a neaaeothueo yeaiaioia: niae?aiea (ia-
ia?oaeaiea, oeenaoeey, ecuyoea), enneaaeiaaiea e ioeaiea ei-
oi?iaoeee. Iaeiaei iaoiaeu nai?a eioi?iaoeee ?acee/iu’.
Anee ii?yaeie, oneiaey e iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue i?eiaiaiey
n?aaenoa e iaoiaeia nai?a aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiie eioi?iaoeee
aeinoaoi/ii iiae?iaii o?aaoee?iaaiu a oaieiaii-i?ioeanno-
aeueiii caeiia, oi n?aaenoaa e iaoiaeu, i?eiaiyaiua aeey
nai?a iaoa?eaeia aeieoiaioe?iaaiey, iaoiaeyony ca ?ai-
eaie oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna.

Iaaeaeo oai, yoi ia icia/aao, /oi a oiaea aeieoiaioe?iaa-
iey iia?aoeaiiio ?aaioieeo ?ac?aoaaony aeaeaoue ana /oi
oaiaeii. Aeayoaeueiinoue iineaaeiaai ?aaoee?oaony aaaeiinoaai-
iuie ii?iaoeaiuie aeoaie IAAe NNN?, eioi?ua (a ec-
aanoiuo i?aaeaeao) oae aea, eae e oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiue
caeii, ii?aaeaeytho ii?yaeie, oneiaey e iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue
i?eiyoey iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia?, i?aaeoniao?eaatho ii-
?aaeaeaiioth oi?io e ?aeaeceou aeieoiaioia, a eioi?uo
aeieaeia io?aaeaoueny eioi?iaoeey, iieo/aiiay iia?aoeaiui
?aaioieeii, /oi, ianiiiaiii, iiauoaao aa?aioee aa aei-
noiaa?iinoe.

Yoi aeaao iniiaaiey aiai?eoue i aeieoiaioe?iaaiee eae
ia iaeiii ec o?iaiae oaeinoiaa?eoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe (iec-
oai ii n?aaiaieth n aeieacuaaieai) e nouanoaiaaiee iia-
?aoeaii-?icuneiie oi?iu.

A yoie nayce i?aaenoaaeyaony aiieia iainiiaaiiui i?aae-

‘ Iieuecoynue oa?ieiieiaeae ?. N. Aaeeeia, a oiaea aeieoiaioe?iaa-
iey i?ienoiaeeo onoaiiaeaiea e iaia?oaeaiea, a a i?ioeanna ?anneaaei-
aaiey-aeieacuaaiea (Aaeeei ?. N. E?eieiaeenoeea: I?iaeaiu, oai-
aeaioeee, ia?niaeoeau. I., 1987. N. 177).

6 Caeac 5297

eiaeaiea i iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?eiyoey iauanithciiai caeiia
i ii?yaeea i?iaaaeaiey iia?aoeaii-?icuneiie aeayoaeueiinoe,
a eioi?ii neaaeoao i?aaeoniio?aoue oeaee e caaea/e I?Ae, iie-
iiii/ey iia?aoeaiuo ?aaioieeia, iniiaiua i?eioeeiu
acaeiiioiioaiey i?aaiia aeiciaiey ni neaaeiaaoaeyie, ia-
i?aaeaiey eniieueciaaiey iia?aoeaiuo iaoa?eaeia a oiaea
?anneaaeiaaiey’. I?eiyoea oaeiai caeiia, ii-aeaeeiiio, ?ac-
?aoeei au iiiaea nii?iua aii?inu niioiioaiey aeieo-
iaioe?iaaiey e aeieacuaaiey.

Anee ?anniao?eaaoue ae?oaie aniaeo oaieiaii-i?ioeanno-
aeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe – eiae/aneia aeieacuaaiea (aeieaca-
oaeuenoai) – eae iuneeoaeueioth aeayoaeueiinoue ii oi?ie?i-
aaieth auaiaeiiai ciaiey ia iniiaa aeinoiaa?iuo (aeiea-
caiiuo) noaeaeaiee, oi e aeieoiaioe?iaaiea, e aeieacuaaiea
inouanoaeythony ii iaeiei e oai aea caeiiai oi?iaeueiie
eiaeee e caeanue iaaeaeo ieie iao neieueei-ieaoaeue nouanoaai-
iuo ioee/ee.

Iai?aaeaiey aeieoiaioe?iaaiey oae aea, eae e iai?aa-
eaiey aeieacuaaiey, iiaoo auoue i?aaenoaaeaiu a ea/anoaa
iooae, eioi?ua aaaeoo e aeinoeaeaieth eaeie-eeai oeaee.

Ecaanoii, /oi oeaeueth aeieacuaaiey yaeyaony onoaiiaea-
iea iauaeoeaiie enoeiu, eioi?ay neeaaeuaaaony a ?acoeue-
oaoa ioaaoa ia aii?in i iaee/ee eee ionoonoaee ianoiy-
oaeuenoa, iiaeeaaeaueo aeieacuaaieth. Iai?aaeaiey aeieacu-
aaiey eae nenoaia oeaeae aieaa eiie?aoiiai ?aiaa
ii?aaeaeaiu:

a) a oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiii caeiia -a aeaea ianoiy-
oaeuenoa, iiaeeaaeaueo aeieacuaaieth ii ethaiio oaieiaiiio
Aeaeo;

a) a oaieiaiii caeiia-a aeaea ianoiyoaeuenoa, eiath-
ueo cia/aiea aeey eaaeeoeeaoeee;

a) e?eieiaeenoe/aneie iaoeie-a aeaea ianoiyoaeuenoa,
eiathueo cia/aiea aeey aeaea, eee, eae eo eiiaaea iacuaatho,
“aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiuo oaeoia”.

Neaaeoao iiae/a?eiooue, /oi i?aaeiao aeieacuaaiey eiaao
“neaiciie” oa?aeoa?, oae eae iaeie e oa aea ianoiyoaeuenoaa
iiaeeaaeao aeieacuaaieth ai anao noaaeeyo oaieiaiiai i?ioean-
na, /ai i?ioeannoaeueii aa?aioe?oaony aiciiaeiinoue aeinoe-

‘ Ieoaeeaiei A. ?. Iaeioi?ua aii?inu aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiia
aeiciaiey e niaa?oainoaiaaiea aa caeiiiaeaoaeueiie ?aaeaiaioaoeee.
Aeooaeueiua i?iaeaiu io?aneaauo th?eaee/aneeo iaoe. Na?aoia, 1982
N. 93,

aeaiey aeinoiaa?iiai ciaiey e eneeth/aaony aiciiaeiinoue no-
aeaaiie ioeaee.

Aeieoiaioe?iaaiea, eae niaieoiiinoue ia? ii nai?o ?ac-
aaaeuaaoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee, aeieaeii inouanoaeyoueny ii
o?ai iniiaiui iai?aaeaieyi: onoaiiaeaiea eeoe, iiaoueo
auoue naeaeaoaeyie ii oaieiaiiio aeaeo; auyaeaiea i?aaeia-
oia, iiaoueo auoue enoi/ieeaie aeieacaoaeuenoa; oeenaoeey
aeaenoaee i?anooiieeia.

Iiaeii ee aiai?eoue i oii, /oi iaicia/aiiua iai?aa-
eaiey ioaa/atho ia aii?in i oeaee aeieoiaioe?iaaiey? Anee
?anniao?eaaoue eo a ea/anoaa i?iiaaeooi/iie oeaee, oi-
aea, anee aea eiaoue a aeaeo eiia/ioth oeaeue, oi – iao, eai oa-
eia ii?aaeaeaiea iai?aaeaiee aeieoiaioe?iaaiey ia ioaa-
/aao ia ae?oaea, aieaa aaaeiua aii?inu: aeey /aai? eaeeo
naeaeaoaeae iaaei onoaiaaeeaaoue? eaeea i?aaeiaou e aeieo-
iaiou auyaeyoue? eaeea aeaenoaey i?anooiieeia oeene?i-
aaoue?

Ioaaoeoue ia yoe aii?inu iiaeii, oieueei i?eiaiea e
‘ii?aaeaeaieth iai?aaeaiee aeieoiaioe?iaaiey iieiaeaiey
iaoee oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna aa ianoiyoaeuenoaao, iiaeeaaeaueo
aeieacuaaieth. Ae?oaeie neiaaie-iai?aaeaieyie aeieoiai-
oe?iaaiey yaeythony ianoiyoaeuenoaa, iiaeeaaeauea aeieacu-
aaieth, e i “neaiciii” oa?aeoa?a i?aaeiaoa aeieacuaaiey
neaaeoao aiai?eoue ia oieueei ii ioiioaieth e noaaeeyi oai-
eiaiiai i?ioeanna, ii e a /anoe, eanathuaeny aeieoiaioe?i-
aaiey.

I?e oaeii iiaeoiaea e ii?aaeaeaieth iai?aaeaiee aeieo-
iaioe?iaaiey ioe?uaathony aiciiaeiinoe aeey nenoaiiiai
(a ia ia?aeeaeueiiai) eco/aiey aii?inia ?ane?uoey i?a-
nooieaiee a ?aiEao aaeeiie oai?ee. Oaeia eco/aiea aeieae-
ii i?aneaaeiaaoue neaaeothuea oeaee:

1) auyaeaiea e eeanneoeeaoeey cia/eiuo aeey ?anneaaei-
aaiey i?eciaeia i?anooieaiee, eioi?ua, ii-aeaeeiiio,
aeieaeiu ?ac?aaaouaaoueny e?eieiaeenoe/aneie iaoeie e aa
io?aneyie (noaeaaiie aooaaeoa?eae, noaeaaiie yeiiiieeie,
noaeaaiie oaoiieiaeae e o. ae.);

2) onoaiiaeaiea iniaaiiinoae iaia?oaeaiey e oeena-
oeee yoeo i?eciaeia a oiaea I?Ae;

3) ?ac?aaioea i?eaiia eniieueciaaiey iieo/aiiuo iia-
?aoeaiuo aeaiiuo aeey aeinoeaeaiey oeaeae aeieacuaaiey, /oi,
i/aaeaeii, aeieaeia aeaeaoue i?ioeannoaeueiay iaoea.

Iieo/aiiua ?acoeueoaou iiaeii auei au eniieueciaaoue
i?e nicaeaiee aaeeiuo, eiiieaeniuo, a ia naiinoiyoaeueiuo

iaoiaeee aeieacuaaiey, n o/aoii niaoeeoeee iaoiaeia, i?e-
iaiyaiuo ia eaaeaeii ec aai yoaiia’.

Aiaeec iaoa?eaeia aeieoiaioe?iaaiey n oi/ee c?aiey
oa?aeoa?a eo iineoaey, niiniaia iieo/aiey e niaea?aeaiey
eioi?iaoeee iicaieyao auaeaeeoue a ieo aeaa iniiaiua a?oi-
iu:

a) naaaeaiey, oeacuaathuea ia eeoe, iiaoueo auoue nae-
aeaoaeyie ii oaieiaiiio aeaeo, ianoiiaoiaeaeaiea i?aaeia-
oia e aeieoiaioia, iiaaaeaiea e acaeiiioiioaiey i?anooi-
ieeia, aicaeaenoaea i?anooiieeia ia iioa?iaaoeo, naeaea-
oaeae e o. ae.;

a) i?aaeiaou e aeieoiaiou, iiaouea auoue aeieacaoaeueno-
aaie i?e niioaaonoaothueo oneiaeyo.

Oaeiio aeaeaieth iaoa?eaeia aeieoiaioe?iaaiey niio-
aaonoaotho e aeaa iniiaiuo iai?aaeaiey eo eniieueciaaiey
i?e ?anneaaeiaaiee i?anooieaiee:

a) aeey i?eiyoey iaeioi?uo i?ioeannoaeueiuo ?aoaiee, ia
iiaeeaaeaueo iainiiaaieth aeieacaoaeuenoaaie, a oaeaea i?e
auai?a oaeoeee i?iaaaeaiey neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee;

a) a ea/anoaa aauanoaaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa (no. 83 OIE)
e aeieoiaioia (no. 88 OIE).

c 2. ENIIEUeCIAAIEA IIA?AOEAII-?ICUNEIIE
EIOI?IAOeEE I?E I?EIssOEE IAEIOI?UO
I?IOeANNOAEUeIUO ?AOAIEE E A OAEOEEA
NEAAeNOAAIIUO AeAENOAEE

A i?ioeanna ?anneaaeiaaiey i?aaiaie aeiciaiey, neaaeiaaoa-
eai e i?ieo?i?ii i?eieiathony ?acee/iua ii naiae i?e-
?iaea, iniiaaieyi e th?eaee/aneei iineaaenoaeyi i?ioean-
noaeueiua ?aoaiey. A th?eaee/aneie eeoa?aoo?a.iie eeanne-
oeoee?othony ii niaea?aeaieth e iacia/aieth, noauaeoai, a?a-
iaie, oi?ia i?eiyoey e aeeeoaeueiinoe aeaenoaey, th?eaee/a-
neie neea e o. ae.2. Niioaaonoaaiii yoiio auaeaeythony iniia-
iua e aniiiiaaoaeueiua (i?iiaaeooi/iua)3 ?aoaiey, aioo-
?aiiea e aiaoiea, eieeaaeaeueiua e aaeeiiee/iua, anoo-

O1 Iiiuoea nicaeaiey oaeie iaoiaeeee i?aaei?eiyoa aaoi?ii i?e-
iaieoaeueii e auyaeaieth, ?ane?uoeth e aeieacuaaeoa oeuaiee a no?i-
eoaeuenoaa (ni. i?eeiaeaiea ? 2).

2 Eoieineay I. A. ?aoaiey a oaieiaiii noaeii?iecaiaenoaa I
1976. N. 26.

3 Ea?iaaaa E. I., Aai?eoia A. I. Iniaaiiinoe ioeaiee aeieaca-
oaeuenoa ia ?aciuo yoaiao i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai neaaenoaey // Nia. ainoaea?-
noai e i?aai. 1966. ? 8. N. 74-75.

ieaoea oaia anooieaoea a caeiiioth neeo’, o?aaothuea au-
ianaiey iinoaiiaeaiey e ia o?aaothuea yoiai, ia/eiathuea
e caaa?oathuea i?aaeaa?eoaeueiia ?anneaaeiaaiea e o. i.

Eeanneoeeaoeeth i?eieiaaiuo neaaeiaaoaeai ?aoaiee’
iiaeii i?iaeieaeeoue. Iaeiaei i?e anai eo ?aciiia?acee a
ia?a/eneaiiuo aeaeao ionoonoaoao oeacaiea ia aeaaiue, ni-
aea?aeaueeny a caeiia eeanneoeeaoeeiiiue i?eciae-iay-
caoaeueiinoue eee iaiaycaoaeueiinoue niaieoiiinoe aeieaca-
oaeuenoa aeey i?eiyoey eaeiai-eeai ?aoaiey.

Aeaei a oii, /oi caeiiiaeaoaeue aanueia ecae?aoaeueii iieue-
coaony oa?ieiieiaeae a ii?aaeaeaiee iniiaaiee aeey i?e-
iyoey i?ioeannoaeueiuo ?aoaiee.

A iaeieo neo/ayo yoi “aeinoaoi/iua aeaiiua” (no. 108.
OIE) eeai “aeinoaoi/iua iniiaaiey” (no. 108 OIE), a ae?o-
aeo neo/ayo-“aeinoaoi/iua aeieacaoaeuenoaa” (no.no. 143,

200 OIE).

Iiieii yoiai, a oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiii caeiia ni-
aea?aeeony oeaeay a?oiia ?aoaiee, eioi?ua i?iaiaeyony “a
neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe” (no.no. 159, 164, 167, 180, 183 OIE
Oe ae?.), “ii ?aoaieth neaaeiaaoaey” (no. 1411 OIE) eeai ai-
ana ia naycaiu n eaeeie-eeai iniiaaieyie e au?aaeathony
neiaaie “neaaeiaaoaeue ai?aaa” (no.no. 127, E57, 162, 170, 179,
183, 186 OIE e ae?.), “neaaeiaaoaeue iaycai” (no.no. 132, 1411,
149, 154 OIE e Ae?.), “neaaeiaaoaeue i?iecaiaeeo” (no.no. 178,
180 OIE e ae?.), “neaaeiaaoaeue iai?aaeyao, ?acuyniyao,
iauyaeyao” e o. ae.

Enoiaey ec yoiai, ana i?eieiaaiua neaaeiaaoaeai ?aoa-
iey iiaeii ?acaeaeeoue ia aeaa aieueoea a?oiiu:

a) ?aoaiey, aeey i?eiyoey eioi?uo caeii o?aaoao ‘iaia-
oiaeeioth niaieoiiinoue aeieacaoaeuenoa;

a) ?aoaiey, aaea caeii oaeie niaieoiiinoe ia o?aaoao.
I?eaaaeaiiay eeanneoeeaoeey iieacuaaao iaaeinoaoi/ioth
iainiiaaiiinoue ooaa?aeaeaiey, /oi eniieueciaaiea iia?aoea-
ii-?icuneiie eioi?iaoeee aeey iainiiaaiey i?ioeannoaeue-
iuo ?aoaiee iaaiciiaeii, oae eae aaaeao e ioeaeai, /aua
anaai naycaiiui n iaaeieoaeueiui oeeiiii2.

Aiieia i/aaeaeii, /oi ?aoaiey ia?aie a?oiiu iiaoo
auoue i?eiyou eeoue ia iniiaa aeieacaoaeuenoa e ieeaeea ia-
i?ioeannoaeueiua (a o. /. iia?aoeaii-?icuneiua) aeaiiua a
eo iniiao iieiaeaiu auoue ia iiaoo. Ia yoi i?yii oeacu-
aaaony a oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiii caeiia.

‘ Eoieineay I. A. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 26-39.

2 Inei A. A. Ioeaee i?e ioeaiea aeieacaoaeuenoa. – A na.: I?iaea-
iu iaaeaaeiinoe aeieacuaaiey a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. I., 1984.
N. 62-64.

Oae, iai?eia?, i?eiyoea i?ioeannoaeueiiai ?aoaiey i
i?eaea/aiee eeoea a ea/anoaa iaaeiyaiiai naycaii a no. 143
OIE n iaee/eai “aeinoaoi/iuo aeieacaoaeuenoa”. Iiyoiio
oaeia ?aoaiea ie i?e eaeeo ianoiyoaeuenoaao ia iiaeao
auoue i?eiyoi ia iniiaaiee iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo iaoa-
?eaeia.

Oaeie aea iiaeoiae aeieaeai auoue i?e i?eiyoee ?aoaiee i
iacia/aiee yenia?oecu, i?ae?auaiee oaieiaiiai aeaea, nia-
aeeiaiee e auaeaeaiee oaieiaiuo aeae, i?iecaiaenoaa i/iie
noaaee, i?einoaiiaeaiee neaaenoaey, ieii/aiee ?anneaaeiaa-
iey e ae?.

Eia/a aeieaeai ?aoaoueny aii?in ia eniieueciaaiee iia-
?aoeaiie eioi?iaoeee i?e i?eiyoee oaeeo ?aoaiee, inii-
aaiey aeey eioi?uo caeii ia naycuaaao n iaee/eai aeiea-
caoaeuenoa.

?ac?aoaiea yoiai aii?ina iaiin?aaenoaaiii naycaii n
i?iaeaiie ?enea i?e i?eiyoee i?ioeannoaeueiuo ?aoaiee.

Oa?iei “?ene” iau/ii eniieuecoaony aeey iaicia/aiey
aiciiaeiie iianiinoe, aeaenoaee iaoaea/o, a iaaeaaeaea ia
n/anoeeaue enoiae’, a i?iaeaia ?enea aicieeea i?e ?anniio-
?aiee e aiaeeca oaeeo oeeinioneeo eaoaai?ee, eae “nai-
aiaea e iaiaoiaeeiinoue”, “aeayoaeueiinoue”, “ii?aaeaeaiiinoue e
iaii?aaeaeaiiinoue”, “aeinoiaa?iinoue” e o. i.

A oeeinioneie eeoa?aoo?a ioia/aaony, /oi aa?iyoiino-
iue oa?aeoa? yeiiiie/aneeo e nioeeaeueiuo i?ioeannia, o?oae-
iinoue i?iaiice?iaaiey eo ?acoeueoaoia iaoneiaeeaatho ia-
ee/ea a ieo iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe e oai naiui aaaeoo e ?an”
oe?aieth iauaeoeaiie iniiau ?enea2.

Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi iiiyoea ?enea e naycaiiua n iei’
i?iaeaiu aeoeaii enneaaeothony niaoeeaeenoaie a iaeanoe
yeiiiieee, ineoieiaee, oi?aaeaiey, oai?ee aeayoaeueiinoe,
nii?oa, iaaeeoeeiu e o. ae., aaea ?ene naycuaaaony n ninoiy-
ieai iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe i?e i?eiyoee ?aoaiey e aiciiae-
iinoueth aai io?eoeaoaeueiuo iineanoaee3.

Yoa iaii?aaeaeaiiinoue ?ani?ino?aiyaony ia oieueei ia
yoai iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai i?eiyoey ?aoaiey (i?e iaiaoiaee-
iinoe aai auai?a a oneiaeyo ieieioia eioi?iaoeee), a

* Iaeaaia N. E. Neiaa?ue ?onneiai ycuea. I., 1986. N. 591.

2 Aeueaei A. ?ene e aai ?ieue a iauanoaaiiie aeecie // Oeeinio-
neea iaoee. 1986. ? 1. N. 16; aai aea. ?ene e aai ?ieue a iauanoaaiiie
aeecie. I., 1989. N. 16-31.

3 Ni., iai?.: Eicaeaoeeee TH. Ineoieiae/aneay oai?ey ?aoaiee. I.,
1979. N. 50; Aa/oe A. A. Oai?ey ?enea a ii?neie i?aeoeea. E., 1983;

Oicyenoaaiiue ?ene e iaoiaeu aai ecia?aiey. I., 1979; *a?ieeiaa
N. A. Niia?ie/anoai, ?ene, naiiiaeaaeaiea a nii?oa. I., 1980.

ioaaouaaao oaeaea e ?aaeecaoeeth (eniieiaiea) i?eiyoiai
?aoaiey, e iineaaenoaey ?aoaiey (a o. /. e io?eoeaoaeueiua),
aua?aiiiai e inouanoaeaiiiai a oneiaeyo ?enea.

Iaeuecy neacaoue, /oi i?iaeaia ?enea iaecaanoia th?eaee-
/aneie iaoea e i?aeoeea. Iaeiaei a aieueoeinoaa iao/iuo
?aaio e ?aoaiee i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia ?ene ?an-
niao?eaaaony eeoue a ea/anoaa iniiaaiey inaiaiaeaeaiey io
oaieiaiie1 eee eiouanoaaiiie2 ioaaonoaaiiinoe.

I?e yoii ia ia?aia ianoi a enneaaeiaaiee e ?ac?aoa-
iee aii?inia ?enea noaayony eioa?anu noauaeoa ioaaonoaai-
iinoe /a?ac i?ecio niaethaeaiey aai i?aa e caeiiiuo eioa-
?ania. Ia aoi?ie ieai ioiaeaeaathony i?iaeaiu iaania/a-
iey i?aa e caeiiiuo eioa?ania naiiai i?aaii?eiaieoaey,
i?aaeaeia i?aaiia?iinoe aai aeayoaeueiinoe (n oi/ee c?a-
iey niaethaeaiey eioa?ania ainoaea?noaa), caueou i?aai-
i?eiaieoaey io iaiainiiaaiiuo i?aoaicee e o. ae., o. a. nia-
noaaiii ?ene a aai aeayoaeueiinoe.

Iaaeaeo oai i?aeoe/anee ethaia i?ioeannoaeueiia ?aoa-
iea, eioi?ia a niioaaonoaee n caeiiii ia o?aaoao aeinoi-
aa?iiai ciaiey, i?eieiaaony a oneiaeyo iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe,
neaaeiaaoaeueii, oaeoi? ?enea (aiciiaeiinoue io?eoeaoaeueii-
ai ?acoeueoaoa) a ieo ecia/aeueii i?enoonoaoao.

Yoi iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony ?acoeueoaoaie enneaaeiaaiey, i?i-
aaaeaiiiai aaoi?ii. Oae, aieaa 80 % ii?ioaiiuo neaaeiaa-
oaeae e ?aaioieeia i?aaiia aeiciaiey a naiae i?aeoe/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe i?eieiatho iaeioi?ua ?aoaiey, eiaaea ia en-
eeth/aaony aiciiaeiinoue eae iieiaeeoaeueiiai, oae e io?e-
oeaoaeueiiai ?acoeueoaoa, o. a. aeaenoaotho a oneiaeyo ?enea.

Ae?oaei iiaeoaa?aeaeaieai aiciiaeiinoe ?enea i?e i?e-
iyoee i?ioeannoaeueiuo ?aoaiee aoi?ie a?oiiu yaeyaony
iaee/ea a i?ioeannoaeueiii caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa yeaiaioia
oniio?aiey, nouanoaiaaiea eioi?uo iauaeoeaii naycaii
n iiciaaaoaeueiie e ioeaii/iie aeayoaeueiinoueth neaaeiaaoaey.
Ia?yaeo n eniieueciaaieai no?iai oi?iaeeciaaiiuo e eii-

‘ Ni., iai?.: A?eiaa?a I. I?iaeaia i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai ?enea a
oaieiaiii i?aaa. I., 1963; Seidel D. Risiko in Produktion und For-
schung als gesellschaftliches und strafrechtlihes Problem. Beprlin, 1968;

Atheeaoaiue Aa?oiaiiai noaea NNN?. 1987. ? 1. N. 46; Ea?iaoe E. Ia-
?ano?ieea y caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai//I?aaaea. 1987. 9 ieo. No. 26 i?iaeoa
Iniia oaieiaiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa Nithca NN? e nithciuo ?anioa-
eee//Nioe. caeiiiinoue. 1988. ? 12. N. 7.

3 Ni., iai?.: Ieaaiceoo A. A. I?iaeaia ?enea a a?aaeaeaineii
i?aaa. Aeooaiaa, 1972; Iaoaaaa A. Ia iniiaaieyo aeiaiai?iie ioaao-
noaaiiinoe oici?aaiia//Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai. 1988. ? 8. N. 43;

Aeueaei A. I., I?ceo I. O. Ia?ano?ieea e oicyenoaaiiue ?ene: nioee-
aeueii-i?aaiaua aniaeou//I?aaiaaaeaiea. 1989. ? 5. N. 20-27,

e?aoii ?aaeaiaioe?iaaiiuo iieiaeaiee, noi?ioee?iaai-
iuo n iiiiuueth ii?iaoeaiiai iaoiaea i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?i-
aaiey’, oniio?aiea (a ?aieao caeiia) ninoaaeyao iniiao
aeayoaeueiinoe ii ?anneaaeiaaieth i?anooieaiee.

Caaioynue i?aaeaea anaai ia io?aia i?aa e caeiiiuo ei-
oa?ania noauaeoia ioaaonoaaiiinoe, a eeoa?aoo?a i?aaeea-
aaaony noceoue e?oa ?aoaiee aoi?ie a?oiiu2 e oai naiui
naanoe e ieieioio yeaiaiou oniio?aiey a i?aaii?eiaia-
iee, /oi nouanoaaiii ia?aie/eei au iieneiaoth aeayoaeue-
iinoue ii nai?o aeieacaoaeuenoa e (aoaeo/e aeiaaaeaiiui aei
e?aeiinoe) eneeth/eei au aiciiaeiinoue i?eiyoey ?aoaiee
ia?aie a?oiiu. A yoii aea iai?aaeaiee no?ieony e oai-
?aoe/aneay iiaeaeue oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiiai eiaeaena3, n
/ai o?oaeii niaeaneoueny.

I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi caeiiiaeaoaeueiay i?aeoeea ia aeieae-
ia ?acaeaaoueny iaeiinoi?iiia: ie a noi?iio /?acia?iiai
ia?aie/aiey oniio?aiey iooai iiae?iaiie ?aaeaiaioaoeee
anao aac eneeth/aiey i?ioeaaeo?, ie a noi?iio i?aaeinoaaea-
iey iaii?aaaeaiii oe?ieiai i?aaa ia oniio?aiea iooai
eiino?oe?iaaiey iaii?aaeaeaiiuo ii?i aac /aoeeo iauae-
oeaiuo e?eoa?eaa.

Eae i?aaeeueii ioia/ae I. O. Iaoeaae/, “caeii e
oniio?aiea-aeaa aeeaeaeoe/anee acaeiinaycaiiua i?ioe-
aiiieiaeiinoe a i?aaiaii ?aaoee?iaaiee iauanoaaiiie
aeecie, ioaeaeathueany a ii?aaeaeaiiii, niciaoaeueiii o?aa-
iiaaoeaaiee”4.

Oaeei ia?acii, oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiia caeiiiaeaoaeue-
noai i?aaeoniao?eaaao iauaeoeaioth iniiao ?enea a i?aai-
i?eiaiaiee a ioiioaiee oao ?aoaiee, aaea ia o?aaoaony
oeacaiiie a caeiia niaieoiiinoe aeieacaoaeuenoa.

Caeanue aicieeaao ae?oaie aaaeiue aii?in: ?aca?aie/aiea
?enea e ioeaee.

A th?eaee/aneie eeoa?aoo?a i?aaeeueii ioia/aaony, /oi
ioeaea a i?aaii?eiaiaiee iaoneiaeaia aeia?iniaanoiui
caaeoaeaeaieai i?aaii?eiaieoaey ioiineoaeueii iaee/ey o
iaai iniiaaiee aeey i?eiyoey ?aoaiey5.

‘ I cia/aiee ii?iaoeaiiai iaoiaea i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey e
aai nayce n aeicaieaieyie, i?aaeienaieyie e cai?aoaie ni.: Aeaena-
aa N. N. Iauea aeicaieaiey e cai?aou a niaaoneii i?aaa. I., 1989.

2 Ia?oui/ee A. ?acaeoea oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiiai caeiiiaeaoaeue-
noaa. Eeoeiaa, 1977. N. 43-44.

3 Nia. ainoaea?noai e i?aai. 1987. ? 2. N. 77.

4 Iaoeaae/ I. Caeii e noaeaeneia oniio?aiea//Nia. ainoaea?noai
e i?aai. 1982. ? 1. N. 60.

5 Aiieaiei I. Ioeaee a i?aaiia?ooaiee: iiiyoea e aeaeu//Nia.
ainoaea?noai e i?aai. 1981. ? 4. N. 38. O

I/aaeaeii, /oi i?e i?eiyoee ?eneiaaiiiai ?aoaiey nea-
aeiaaoaeue ia caaeoaeaeaaony ioiineoaeueii iaee/ey iniiaa-
iey. Ii niciaoaeueii (ioeaieaay ii?io i?ioeannoaeueiiai i?a-
aa, aeiioneathuoth iaii?aaeaeaiiinoue iniiaaiee e iineaaeno-
aee) i?eieiaao ?aoaiea a oneiaeyo ieieioia naaaeaiee.
Neaaeiaaoaeue aeiioneaao, /oi ?aaeecaoeey ?aoaiey, aiciiae-
ii, aoaeao eiaoue io?eoeaoaeueiue ?acoeueoao, ii ianiio?y ia
yoi, ?aoaiea i?eieiaao e aeaenoaea i?iaiaeeo, oae eae iii
?ac?aoaii caeiiii i?e oaeeo oneiaeyo.

A yoie nayce iaeuecy n/eoaoue a?aaeiuie n oi/ee c?aiey
i?aaa e ii?aee io?eoeaoaeueiua iineaaenoaey ?eneiaaiiuo
?aoaiee, oae eae oaeea iineaaenoaey aeiioneathony caeiiii.
Aieaa oiai, ii?aaaeaiiue ?ene a i?aaii?eiaiaiee iiaeea-
aeeo any/aneie iiaeaea?aeea e iiiu?aieth.

Iaeiaei ia i?aeoeea ?eneiaaiiua e ioeai/iua ?aoa-
iey niaoeaathony e io?eoeaoaeueiua iineaaenoaey ?eneiaai-
iuo ?aoaiee i?e?aaieaathony e ?acoeueoaoai ioeai/iuo
?aoaiee ni anaie auoaeathueie ionthaea iineaaenoaeyie
(aeeth/ay e i?aauaiaeu). I?e yoii ia?aaeei i?eiaiyaony
iaiauathuee iiaeoiae. Ia aii?in “eae a ianoiyuaa a?aiy
ioeaieaathony neo/ae, eiaaea aicaoaeaeaiiia Aaie oaieiaiia
aeaei i?ae?auaii ii ?aaaeeeoe?othuei iniiaaieyi, eeoei,,
caaea?aeaiiia ii iiaeic?aieth a niaa?oaiee i?anooieaiey,
inaiaiaeaeaii, a iaune ia aeae iieiaeeoaeueiuo ?acoeueoaoia?”
52% ii?ioaiiuo a 1987-1988 aiaeao neaaeiaaoaeae (anaai
ii?ioaii 187 /aeiaae) ioaaoeee, /oi eaaeaeia oaeia ?aoa-
iea auei ?anoeaiaii eae iacaeiiiia eee iaiainiiaaiiia, a
17% neo/aaa a ioeaiea i?eiaiyeny no?iai eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue
iiaeoiae, a 31% ioiaoeee, /oi a caaeneiinoe io eiie?aoiuo
?acoeueoaoia ioeaiea auaaao ?aciie. Aieueoeinoai ?aniii-
aeaioia (91%) oaeea eciaiaiey a ioiioaiee e ?eneiaai-
iui aeaenoaeyi iauynieee aeaenoaeyie i?ieo?aoo?u ii ?aa-
eecaoeee iiya?ueneiai 1986 aiaea Iinoaiiaeaiey OeE EINN
ii aii?inai nioeeaeenoe/aneie caeiiiinoe e i?aaiii?yaeea
e I?eeaca Aaia?aeueiiai i?ieo?i?a NNN? ? 2-87 a.

I?e/ai auyaeeanue eioa?aniay caeiiiia?iinoue-ecia-
iaiey a ioeaiea ?eneiaaiiuo aeaenoaee i?iecioee ia ia
o?iaia iaiin?aaenoaaiiuo “?ane?uaaoaeae” i?anooieaiee,
a ia o?iaia n?aaeiaai caaia (iaaece?athuee i?ieo?i?, ia-
eanoiay i?ieo?aoo?a, IAAe, OAAe).

Yoe ianoiyoaeuenoaa aucaaee ?aceia nie?auaiea eiee-
/anoaa caaea?aeaiee ii iiaeic?aieth a niaa?oaiee i?anooi-
eaiee, iauneia e caeeth/aiee iiae no?aaeo a ea/anoaa ia?u
i?ana/aiey.

Oaeay ei??aeoeey i?aaii?eiaieoaeueiie i?aeoeee a noi-
?iio oaeoe/aneiai oiaiueoaiey i?ioeannoaeueiuo aa?aioee
iaioa?aoeiinoe ioaaonoaaiiinoe (a ?aieao aeaenoaothuaai
.caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa) i?eaaea e nieaeaieth aeoeaiinoe neaaei-
aaoaeae e ?aaioieeia i?aaiia aeiciaiey a auyaeaiee i?a-
nooieaiee. Aieaa 85% ii?ioaiiuo ioiaoeee a 1987-1988
aiaeao, /oi iie ia?aie/eaathony oeenaoeeae ianoiyoaeuenoa,
eaaeaueo ia iiaa?oiinoe, “aaeoaue ia eiiatho”, i?eieiatho
i?ioeannoaeueiua ?aoaiey, iai?aaeaiiua ia iiene aeieaca-
oaeuenoa, oieueei a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea eiia ?aoaiea i?e-
iyoue iaaiciiaeii, oae eae n/eoatho ioiioaiea auoanoiyueo
einoaioeee e ?eneiaaiiui aeaenoaeyi iai?aaeeueiui e ia-
ni?aaaaeeeaui.

Aiieia i/aaeaeii, /oi oaeia iieiaeaiea i?eaaei e yea-
iaioai ia?ano?aoiaee, no?aoo ?aaeecaoeee iieiiii/ee, ia-
?aoiaeyuaio ai o?ono?aoeeth1, iauaio nieaeaieth aeoeaii-
noe nio?oaeieeia i?aaiia aeiciaiey e neaaeiaaoaeae, oooae-
oaieth iieacaoaeae aeayoaeueiinoe anao i?aaiio?aieoaeue-
iuo i?aaiia (oiaiueoaiea eiee/anoaa auyaeaiiuo i?anooi-
eaiee, oiaiueoaiea eiee/anoaa eeoe, i?eaea/aiiuo e oai-
eiaiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe, oaaee/aiea eiee/anoaa ia?ane?u-
ouo i?anooieaiee), /oi aucaaei niioaaonoaothuea ioeaiee
ia ?aciuo o?iaiyo.

E /eneo aii?inia, aicieeathueo i?e aiaeeca i?iaeai
?enea, ioiineony aii?in ia eiouanoaaiiuo e ae?oaeo iaaa-
oeaiuo iineaaenoaeyo ?eneiaaiiuo ?aoaiee.

I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi eiouanoaaiiue, a aiciiaeii, e
ii?aeueiue a?aae, i?e/eiaiiue aeaenoaeyie neaaeiaaoaey a
oiaea ?aaeecaoeee ?eneiaaiiuo ?aoaiee, aeieaeai aicia-
uaoueny ec niaoeeaeueii nicaeaiiiai aeey yoeo oeaeae oiiaea.

Oaeie oiiae aeieaeai nicaeaaaoueny ca n/ao io/eneaiee io
noiiu ecuyoiai o i?aaiia?ooeoaeae eiouanoaa, iiaeeaaea-
uaai ia?auaieth (ii ?aoaieth noaea) a aeioiae ainoaea?noaa.
A ?anniao?eaaaiii ieaia i?aaenoaaeyao i?aeoe/aneee ei-
oa?an nicaeaiea a oic?an/aoiuo i?aaiecaoeeyo e eiiia?a-
oeaao no?aoiauo oiiaeia. A I?A, iai?eia?, nouanoaotho
niaoeeaeueiua oiiaeu: “Oicyenoaaiiue ?ene”, “Inaiaiea ii-
aiai i?iecaiaenoaa”, “Iao?iaeae e aaaenoaea” e ae?., ec eioi-

1 O?ono?aoeey-aiaoo?aa iai?yaeaiea, o?aaiaeiinoue, aacunoiae-
iinoue, io/ayiea. Aicieeaao a neooaoeee iaioa?aoeiie oa?icu a aeinoe-
aeaiee oeaee. ?aaeoeey ia ninoiyiea o?ono?aoeee – aa?anneaiinoue, aiaa,
iauee ?aa?ann iiaaaeaiey (ia?aoiae e aieaa eaaeei e i?eieoeaiui
aeaenoaeyi). Iineaaenoaey o?ono?aoeee – iaoaa?aiiinoue a naaa. (Oe-
einioneee yioeeeeiiaaee/aneee neiaa?ue. I., 1983. N. 750).

?uo aiciauathony io?eoeaoaeueiua iineaaenoaey ?eneiaaiiuo
?aoaiee oicyenoaaiiuo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae’.

Iaiaoiaeeiinoue nicaeaiey oaeiai oiiaea a aeayoaeueiinoe
neaaeiaaoaey iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony e i?aeoeeie auieaou eioua-
noaaiiie eiiiainaoeee ca iacaeiiiua aeaenoaey i?aaiia aei-
ciaiey, neaaeiaaoaey, i?ieo?i?a, noaea ii i?eaea/aieth ea-
eiai-eeai eeoea e oaieiaiie ioaaonoaaiiinoe, iono?aiaieth
aai io aeieaeiinoe, caeeth/aieth iiae no?aaeo e o. ae. Oaeoe-
/anee ?a/ue eaeao i iiiu?aiee ainoaea?noaii ioeai/iuo ?a-
oaiee. Oai aieaa oaeay i?aeoeea aeieaeia nouanoaiaaoue
i?eiaieoaeueii” e ?eneiaaiiui ?aoaieyi.

I?eciaiea nouanoaiaaiey ?enea i?e ?anneaaeiaaiee
i?anooieaiee iio?aaoao aiaeeca iiiaeo ae?oaeo aii?inia:

i?aaeaeu ii?iaoeaiiai e oniio?ai/aneiai a caeiiiaeaoaeue-
noaa; iainiiaaiiinoue (aeiionoeiinoue) ?enea i?e i?eiyoee/
eiie?aoiuo i?ioeannoaeueiuo ?aoaiee; aiciiaeiinoue eiee-
/anoaaiiiai ecia?aiey ?enea e ?yae ae?oaeo, /oi, i/aaeaeii,
iio?aaoao naiinoiyoaeueiiai enneaaeiaaiey.

A ianoiyuae ?aaioa inoaiiaeiny ia aiaeeca oao i?i-
oeannoaeueiuo ?aoaiee, i?eiyoea eioi?uo ia i?aeoeea au-
cuaaao cia/eoaeueiua o?oaeiinoe n oi/ee c?aiey eniieueci-
aaiey iia?aoeaii-?icuneiie eioi?iaoeee.

Aicaoaeaeaiea oaieiaiiai aeaea

Aeey ?aoaiey aii?ina i aicaoaeaeaiee oaieiaiiai aeaea i?-
aai aeiciaiey iiaeao iai?aaeyoue a neaaenoaaiiua aiia?aou
i?ioieieu iniio?a ianoa i?ienoanoaey, cayaeaiey e ni-
iauaiey a?aaeaeai, ni?aaee noaeiaaeinaeaeaoaeuenoaiaaiey, ca-
eeth/aiey ainoaea?noaaiiuo e aaaeiinoaaiiuo einiaeoeee,;

aooaaeoa?neea aeieoiaiou e ae?oaea iaoa?eaeu, a eioi?uo/
niaea?aeaony oaeoe/aneea aeaiiua i niauoee i?anooieaiey v
e eeoeao, aai niaa?oeaoeo. ?aoaiea aicaoaeeoue oaieiaiia
aeaei, eae yoi neaaeoao ec o?aaiaaiee no. 108 OIE, iiaeao
auoue i?eiyoi eeoue i?e iaee/ee aeaiiuo, oeacuaathueo ia
i?eciaee i?anooieaiey.

Onoaiiaeaiea oaeeo aeaiiuo caeii (no.no. 109, 110, lilt

OIE) naycuaaao n eno?aaiaaieai iaoa?eaeia, i?eiyoeai (
onoiuo cayaeaiee, yaie n iiaeiiie, iieo/aieai iauynia- \
iee, i?e/ai yoe aeaiiua iiaoo auoue aeiauou oieueei i?i- i
oeannoaeueiui iooai. Iineaaeiaa iniaaiii aaaeii aeey neo-

‘ Aeaaeaeia Ae. Nioeeaeenoe/aneay i?aaei?eei/eainoue e ?ene//I?ia-
eaiu oai?ee e i?aeoeee oi?aaeaiey. 1986. ? 2. N. 59.

/aaa ioeaca a aicaoaeaeaiee oaieiaiiai aeaea, /oiau ni anae
aeinoiaa?iinoueth onoaiiaeoue ianoiyoaeuenoaa, eneeth/athuea
i?iecaiaenoai ii oaieiaiiio aeaeo, /oi o?aaoao iaee/ey ni-
ioaaonoaothueo i?ioeannoaeueiuo enoi/ieeia (iauyniaiee e
ae?oaeo iaoa?eaeia i?iaa?ee, i?iaiaeeiie a niioaaonoaee
ni no. 109 OIE). Neaaeiaaoaeueii, ?aoaiea ia ioeaca a aic-
aoaeaeaiee oaieiaiiai aeaea aeieaeii auoue iaycaoaeueii iain-
iiaaii aeaiiuie, caoeene?iaaiiuie a i?ioeannoaeueiuo en-
oi/ieeao.

?aoaiea ia ioeaca aicaoaeeoue oaieiaiia aeaei iineo ieii-
/aoaeueiue oa?aeoa?, e iieiaeaiiua a aai iniiao aeaiiua
aeieaeiu auoue onoaiiaeaiu aeinoiaa?ii. *oi aea eanaaony
aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea, oi iii eeoue nicaeaao i?aai-
aua i?aaeiinueee aeey aeaeueiaeoaai i?iecaiaenoaa ii aeaeo,
e iiyoiio i?aaeiieiaeaiea i iaee/ee i?eciaeia i?anooiea-
iey iiaeao eiaoue aa?iyoiinoiue oa?aeoa?.

A neo/aa, eiaaea iiaiaeii e aicaoaeaeaieth oaieiaiiai aea-
ea aunooiatho cayaeaiey eee niiauaiey a?aaeaeai, o/?aae-
aeaiee, i?aaiecaoeee, i?aaei?eyoee, iaoa?eaeu ia/aoe, iia-
?aoeaiua iaoa?eaeu eniieuecothony a ea/anoaa aeiiieie-
oaeueiie i?eaioe?othuae eioi?iaoeee i i?aaeiieaaaaiii
i?anooieaiee.

Eia/a neaaeoao ?ac?aoaoue aii?in i?e aicaoaeaeaiee oai-
eiaiiai aeaea a nayce n iaiin?aaenoaaiiui iaia?oaeaieai
i?aaiaie aeiciaiey e neaaeiaaoaeai i?eciaeia i?anooieaiey
(i. 6 no. 108 OIE). Iai?eia?, ii aeaeai i oeuaieyo oaeie
iiaiae aeinoaoi/ii ?ani?ino?aiai ia i?aeoeea. Ii aeaiiui
A. E. Aaoeuaaa, a Ai?iiaaeneie iaeanoe aaeaaiaeii ii ?a-
coeueoaoai iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai iaia?oaeaiey i?eciaeia i?a-
nooieaiey aicaoaeaeaaony aei 70% oaieiaiuo aeae i oeua-
ieyo, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo no.no. 92, 93′ OE ?NON?. Ec yoiai
/enea iia?aoeaiui iooai i?eciaee i?anooieaiey auee ia-
ia?oaeaiu a 61% neo/aaa’.

Aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaiia aeiciaiey e neaaeiaaoaey i?e ia-
iin?aaenoaaiiii iaia?oaeaiee i?eciaeia i?anooieaiey, a
ioee/ea io aeieoiaioa, io?aaeathuaai aai ?acoeueoaou, ia
naycaia a caeiia n i?ioeannoaeueiie oi?iie. Neaaeiaaoaeue-
ii, iia iiaeao eiaoue eae i?ioeannoaeueiue, oae e iai?ioean-
noaeueiue oa?aeoa?. A yoie nayce i?aaenoaaeyaony iaoaaaee-
oaeueiui iiaiea i oii, /oi iaaethaeaiea iauanoaaiii iian-
iiai aeayiey eeoeii, i?aaiii/iui aicaoaeaeaoue oaieiaiua

‘ Aaoeuaa A. E. Iniaaiiinoe aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiuo aeae i oeua-
ieyo, niaa?oaiiuo iaoa?eaeueii ioaaonoaaiiuie e aeieaeiinoiuie ee-
oeaie. I., 1982. N. 7.

aeaea, eeoaao aai oaeiai i?aaa’. Iaycuaay i?aai aeiciaiey
i?eieiaoue iia?aoeaii-?icuneiua ia?u a oeaeyo iaia?oaea-
iey i?anooieaiee (no. 118 OIE) e i?aaeinoaaeyy i?aaio
aeiciaiey i?aai aicaoaeaeaoue oaieiaiia aeaei i?e iaiin?aae-
noaaiiii iaia?oaeaiee i?eciaeia i?anooieaiey (i. 6 no. 108
OIE), caeii, oaeei ia?acii, iicaieyao iia?aoeaiiio ?a-
aioieeo noi?ioee?iaaoue auaiae i iaiin?aaenoaaiiii iaia-
?oaeaiee a oiaea iia?aoeaiuo ia?ii?eyoee i?eciaeia i?a-
nooieaiey a niioaaonoaothuai aeieoiaioa (?aii?oa).

E?eoa?eai oiai, /oi ia iniiaa eiathuaeny a iia?aoea-
iuo iaoa?eaeao eioi?iaoeee iiaeii aicaoaeaeaoue oaieiaiia
aeaei, yaeyaony iaee/ea a ieo aeaiiuo i niaa?oaiiii eee
iiaeaioaaeeaaaiii i?anooieaiee, aeinoaoi/iuo aeey aai eaa-
eeoeeaoeee (a?aiy, ianoi, niinia, oua?a, eiie?aoiua ia-
noiyoaeuenoaa) e ?icunea i?anooiieea, a ii aeaeai “eeiee
AONN” (ca eneeth/aieai aeae i oaeueoeaiiiiaoie/anoaa) –
e i eeoeao, i?e/anoiuo e i?anooieaieth.

I?e eo iaee/ee iia?aoeaiue ?aaioiee, eae eeoei, i?i-
O ecaiaeyuaa aeiciaiea, iiaeao nai aicaoaeeoue oaieiaiia aeaei
e i?iaanoe ii iaio iaioeiaeiua neaaenoaaiiua aeaenoaey eee
aea ia?aaeaoue iaoa?eaeu neaaeiaaoaeth aeey ?aoaiey aii?ina
i aicaoaeaeaiee oaieiaiiai aeaea2.

A iineaaeiai neo/aa aicieeaao aii?in ia iciaeiieaiee
neaaeiaaoaey n iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuie iaoa?eaeaie.

Enneaaeiaaiey, i?iaaaeaiiua n o/anoeai aaoi?a, iieaca-
ee, /oi a iia?aoeaiuo iaoa?eaeao iiaeao niaea?aeaoueny na-
iay ?acee/iay eioi?iaoeey: i niiniaa niaa?oaiey oeua-
eey (ia yoii eiaeenue aeaiiua a 70% eco/aiiuo iaoa?ea-
eia); eeoeao, aai niaa?oeaoeo (74%); ooeu?aieyo, eniieue-
coaiuo i?anooiieeaie aeey nie?uoey i?anooieaiey (61%);

eeiee iiaaaeaiey, eca?aiiie iiaeic?aaaaiuie, iaaeiyaiu-
ie, naeaeaoaeyie a oiaea ?anneaaeiaaiey (40%); naycyo eeoe,
i?ioiaeyueo ii aeaeo (64%); ninoaaa o/anoieeia i?anooiiie
a?oiiu (60%); neeiiaiee i?aaiecaoi?aie naieo niiauie-
eia e aea/a eiaeiuo iieacaiee (36%); aicaeaenoaee i?anooi-
ieeia ia naeaeaoaeae n oeaeueth neeiiaiey eo e aea/a eiaeiuo
iieacaiee (37%); ?acia?a iaoa?eaeueiiai oua?aa (38%);

eeoeao, eioi?ua iiaoo auoue naeaeaoaeyie ii oaieiaiiio aea-
eo (73 %); eiie?aoiuo i?aaeiaoao e aeieoiaioao, iiaoueo
auoue aeieacaoaeuenoaaie, eo ianoiiaoiaeaeaiea (79%).

‘ A?eai?ueaa A. I.
aaiiii iaia?oaeaiee
? 5. N. 98.

2 Naaeoeeee A. I.
N. 86-87.

Aicaoaeaeaiea oaieiaiiai aeaea i?e iaiin?aaeno-
i?eciaeia i?anooieaiey//I?aaiaaaeaiea. 1982.

I/a?e oai?ee i?ieo?i?neiai iaaeci?a. I., 1975.

Anee aea aniiiieoue e?eieiaeenoe/aneoth oa?aeoa?enoe-
eo i?anooieaiee e oa o?oaeiinoe, n eioi?uie naycaii ii-
eo/aiea oaeiai ?iaea naaaeaiee i?ioeannoaeueiui iooai, ae-
oeaiaeoaa i?ioeaiaeaenoaea i?anooiieeia, oi cia/eiinoue
yoeo aeaiiuo aeey neaaeiaaoaey noaiao niaa?oaiii i/aaeae-
iie. Aianoa n oai ec-ca iaaeinoaoi/ii /aoeiai ?aaoee?iaa-
iey aii?inia eniieueciaaiey neaaeiaaoaeai iia?aoeaiuo
iaoa?eaeia iiaeiaiay eioi?iaoeey i?aaenoaaeyaony neaaeiaa-
oaeyi a ?aciuo oi?iao e i?aaeaeao.

Aaaeiinoaaiiua ii?iaoeaiua aeieoiaiou, ?aaoee?othuea
eniieueciaaiea neaaeiaaoaeai iaoa?eaeia I?Ae, ia cai?a-
uatho iia?aoeaiiio ?aaioieeo i?aaenoaaeyoue neaaeiaaoaeth
iia?aoeaiua iaoa?eaeu aeey iciaeiieaiey. Iaeiaei, eae
iieacaei enneaaeiaaiea, n oaeeie iaoa?eaeaie a iieiii
iauaia aue iciaeiieai a neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe eeoue iaeei
ec /aou?ao neaaeiaaoaeae (23%). A ?yaea IAAe, OAAe (IAAe
Aaei?onnee, Eaoaee, OAAe ss?ineaaneiai, Oeueyiianei-
ai, Ai?iiaaeneiai, Ai?ueeianeiai iaeeniieeiiia) iia-
?aoeaiua ?aaioieee iau/ii ia?aie/eaathony onoiui ni-
iauaieai neaaeiaaoaeth iaaieueoie /anoe niaea?aeaueony a
iia?aoeaiuo iaoa?eaeao naaaeaiee eee aea ninoaaeaieai
ni?aaee-iaii?aiaeoia ii onoaiiaeaiiui a oiaea I?Ae ia-
noiyoaeuenoaai e eeoue a ?aaeeeo neo/ayo ciaeiiyo neaaeiaa-
oaey n ioaeaeueiuie iia?aoeaiuie iaoa?eaeaie.

Oaeia iieiaeaiea aeae ia niinianoaoao oe?aieaieth acae-
iiaeaenoaey e, e?iia oiai, ia?aaeei iicaieyao iia?aoeaii-
io ?aaioieeo iiae iie?iaii ?aaeeiiuo niia?aaeaiee ne?uoue
naith aacaeayoaeueiinoue eeai i?ioanneiiaeueioth iaa?aiio-
iinoue, ia aiai?y oaea i iioa?yo cia/eoaeueiiai eiee/anoaa
eioi?iaoeee i?e iiaeiaiie aa ia?aaea/a neaaeiaaoaeth.

A yoie nayce ia?ainoaiaiiia cia/aiea eiaao aii?in i
iaiaoiaeeiinoe e oeaeaniia?aciinoe ciaeiieoue neaaeiaaoaey
ni anaie iaoa?eaeaie I?Ae, iacaaeneii io enoi/ieeia e
niiniaia eo iieo/aiey. Oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiue caeii
(no. 127 OIE), ?ac?aoay neaaeiaaoaeth aeaaaoue oeacaiey
i?aaiai aeiciaiey i i?iecaiaenoaa iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo
aeaenoaee, ia eneeth/aao, a iaiai?io, i?aaeiieaaaao aiciiae-
iinoue eniieueciaaoue iieo/aiiua iia?aoeaiui iooai naaaea-
iey a oiaea ?anneaaeiaaiey i?anooieaiee. I?aaeiieiaeeoue
eiia-cia/eo eeoeoue neaaeiaaoaey aaaeiie aeey ?anneaaei-
aaiey ?acaaaeuaaoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee. I?e oaeii iieiaea-
iee iia?aoeaiay ?aaioa oa?yao anyeee niune, iineieueeo
ia niinianoaoao iiauoaieth yooaeoeaiinoe ?anneaaeiaa-
iey.

Iiaiea- i iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?aaenoaaeyoue neaaeiaaoaeth aeey

iciaeiieaiey ana iaoa?eaeu I?Ae, eae iieacaei eco/aiea,
?acaeaeytho 81% ii?ioaiiuo neaaeiaaoaeae e 64% iia?a-
oeaiuo ?aaioieeia. Noiaeiua aeaiiua iieo/aiu e ae?oaeie
aaoi?aie. A i?iaaaeaiiii A. ss. Aeoaeineei ii?ina ca iie-
iia iciaeiieaiea neaaeiaaoaey n iaoa?eaeaie I?Ae aunea-
caeinue 98,7% neaaeiaaoaeae e 71,4% iia?aoeaiuo ?aaioie-
eia’, a a inouanoaeaiiii a 1977-1979 aiaeao nio?oaeieeaie
AIEE IAAe NNN?-nauoa 75% ioaa/aiiuo aieaoe?iaa-
ieai iia?aoeaiuo ?aaioieeia e neaaeiaaoaeae2.

Oaeie iiaeoiae a ?yaea IAAe, OAAe, a /anoiinoe, a IAAe
ONN?, ?aaeecoaony ia i?aeoeea. Eco/aiea niioaaonoaoth-
ueo a?oeaiuo aeae, iai?eia?, a EOe OAAe Eeaaneiai ai?en-
iieeiia, EOe OAAe Iaeanneiai iaeeniieeiia iieacaei, /oi
n?aaee eeoe, ciaeiieaoeony n iia?aoeaiuie iaoa?eaeaie,
a nieneao cia/aony e ?oeiaiaeeoaee neaaenoaaiiuo iiae?ac-
aeaeaiee, a oaeaea neaaeiaaoaee.

Noaey ii eco/aiiui ieaiai ?aaeecaoeee iia?aoeaiuo
aeaiiuo, yoeie aeieoiaioaie i?aaeoniao?eaaeinue nicaeaiea
‘neaaenoaaiii-iia?aoeaiuo a?oii, iaia/aeenue eiiieaenu i?-
aaiecaoeeiiiuo ia?, ieaie?iaaeenue nianoaaiii iia?aoea-
iua ia?ii?eyoey e eiie?aoiua neaaenoaaiiua aeaenoaey.
Ninoaaeaiiua iia?aoeaiui ?aaioieeii e neaaeiaaoaeai,
niaeaniaaiiua n ia/aeueieeii neaaenoaaiiiai iiae?acaeaeaiey
e ?oeiaiaeeoaeai iia?aoeaiiai aiia?aoa oaeea ieaiu (iin-
ea ooaa?aeaeaiey ia/aeueieeii i?aaiia aioo?aiieo aeae) ia-
?aoaee neeo i?eeaca, iiaeeaaeauaai aaconeiaiiio eniieia-
ieth iaaeie acaeiiaeaenoaothueie noi?iiaie.

I?aeoeea ia eneeth/aao o/anoey neaaeiaaoaeae, a oaeaea
?oeiaiaeeoaeae neaaenoaaiiuo iiae?acaeaeaiee a ianoaeaeaiee
oiaea e i?iiaaeooi/iuo ?acoeueoaoia iia?aoeaii-?icuneiie
aeayoaeueiinoe. I?e yoii neaaeiaaoaeue, iciaeiieaoenue n iia-
?aoeaiuie iaoa?eaeaie, auneacuaaao naie niia?aaeaiey
i ia?a/ia iiaeeaaeaueo onoaiiaeaieth ianoiyoaeuenoa, aioia-
iinoe iaoa?eaeia e ?aaeecaoeee, oeaeaniia?aciii aa iiiai-
oa, oaeoe/aneeo i?eaiao e o. i.

Iciaeiieaiea neaaeiaaoaey ni anaie iaoa?eaeaie I?Ae,
iacaaeneii io enoi/ieeia e niiniaia eo iieo/aiey, iniaai-
ii aeooaeueii aeey i?aeoeee ?ane?uoey e ?anneaaeiaaiey
e?oiiuo caianee?iaaiiuo oeuaiee e ae?oaeo i?anooiea-

‘ Aeoaeineee A. ss. Oeac. ni/. N. 106-107.

2 Aieoeia A. A. Iao/iua enneaaeiaaiey e eo eniieueciaaiea a
neaaenoaaiiie ?aaioa. Caaea/e neaaenoaaiiiai aiia?aoa i?aaiia aioo-
?aiieo aeae a naaoa iiaie Eiinoeoooeee NNN?. Aieaia?aae, 1979. N. 58,

iee, ?aaeno?e?oaiuo ii eeiee AONN. Oaeie ii?yaeie aieaa
i?aaeii/oeoaeai, /ai oio, eiaaea acaeiiaeaenoaothuei nio?oae-
ieeai i?aaeeaaaaony ninoaaeyoue ia iniiaa onoiie eioi?-
iaoeee eee ni?aaee iia?aoeaiiai ?aaioieea niaianoiue
ieai niaeaniaaiiuo neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee e iia?aoeaii-
?icuneiuo ia? e oeacuaaoue a iai oieueei ianoiyoaeuenoaa,
eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeii onoaiiaeoue iai?ioeannoaeueiui iooai.
Ninoaaeyaiua a yoie nayce iniaua ieaiu aei neaaeiaaoaey,
eae i?aaeei, ia aeiaiaeyony, oioy aio i?aaeinoaaeaii i?aai
ciaeiieoueny n oaeiai ?iaea iaoa?eaeaie. Ia?aaeei neaaei-
aaoaee aeaaea ia ciatho i nouanoaiaaiee ieaiia iia?aoea-
ii-?icuneiuo ia? ii iaoiaeyueiny a eo i?iecaiaenoaa oai-
eiaiui aeaeai. A ?acoeueoaoa oaeie ianiaeaniaaiiinoe iia-
?aoeaiue ?aaioiee, ia ciay ieaiia neaaeiaaoaey e auiie-
iyy ia?ii?eyoey aeaniiai e iaaeaniiai oa?aeoa?a, iiaeao
nicaeaoue i?aiyonoaey eee ineiaeieoue ?anneaaeiaaiea, a nea-
aeiaaoaeue, aoaeo/e iainaaaeiieaiiui i ieaie?oaiuo iia-
?aoeaiui ?aaioieeii iaaeaniuo ia?ao, naieie aeaenoaey-
ie iiaeao ?ane?uoue eee ni?aaoue i?iaaaeaiea iaia/aiiuo
iia?aoeaiuo ia?ii?eyoee.

Neiioiiaoe/ai e oio oaeo, /oi iiiaea neaaeiaaoaee ia
a iieiie ia?a i?aaenoaaeytho, eaeea aaaeiua e ioaeiua aeey
?anneaaeiaaiey aeaea naaaeaiey iiaoo niaea?aeaoueny a iia?a-
oeaiuo iaoa?eaeao. Iiaiea, /oi oai iiaoo eiaoueny aeai-
iua i neeiiaiee i?aaiecaoi?aie naieo niiauieeia e aea/a
eiaeiuo iieacaiee, ?acaeaeeee oieueei 38% neaaeiaaoaeae,
i aicaeaenoaee iaaeiyaiuo ia naeaeaoaeae-24%, ia ec-
a?aiiie iiaeic?aaaaiuie (iaaeiyaiuie) eeiee iiaaaea-
iey-31%, i naycyo eeoe, i?ioiaeyueo ii aeaeo,-64%, i
ninoaaa a?oiiu-58%. Iieo/aaony eiiaaea, /oi iia?aoea-
ii-?icuneiay aeayoaeueiinoue e i?aaeaa?eoaeueiia neaaenoaea
nouanoaotho eae au naie ii naaa, aacioiineoaeueii e eo ia-
uae oeaee.

A ianoiyuaa a?aiy o?aaoaony iiauneoue ?ieue neaaeiaaoa-
eae a ?ane?uoee i?anooieaiee. I?e yoii iiae/a?eeaaaony,
/oi eiaiii neaaeiaaoaeue aeieaeai auoue i?aaiecaoi?ii oaei-
ai ?ane?uoey, iai?aaeyoue ?aaioo i?aaiia aeiciaiey ii onoa-
iiaeaieth e eciaee/aieth aeiiaiuo, eae yoi e i?aaeoniio?a-
ii oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiui caeiiii. A oneiaeyo, eiaaea
neaaeiaaoaeue ia ciaeiieony n iia?aoeaiuie iaoa?eaeaie
e ia o/anoaoao a ii?aaeaeaiee iai?aaeaiee I?Ae, o?aaiaa-
iea iiauneoue aai ?ieue a ?ane?uoee i?anooieaiee ?aaii-
cia/ii aiceiaeaieth ia iaai iaycaiiinoae aac iaaeaeaiey
niioaaonoaothueie i?aaaie (n?aaenoaaie auiieiaiey aic-
eiaeaiiuo iaycaiiinoae). Oioy ecaanoii, /oi aeeni?iii?oeey

i?aa e iaycaiiinoae /?aaaoa aanueia iaaeaeaoaeueiuie ii-
neaaenoaeyie’.

I?ioeaieee ?anniio?aiiie oi/ee c?aiey iieaaatho, /oi
iiae aicaeaenoaeai iia?aoeaiie eioi?iaoeee iino?aaeaao
iauaeoeaiinoue neaaeiaaoaey, iineieueeo a yoii neo/aa aai
aioo?aiiaa oaaaeaeaiea noi?ie?oaony ia ia iniiaa aeiea-
caoaeuenoa, a n iiiiuueth iai?ioeannoaeueiuo aeaiiuo, e oo-
aa?aeaeatho, /oi iciaeiieaiea neaaeiaaoaey n iaoa?eaeaie
I?Ae anoue ia /oi eiia, eae iiiuoea iauaaeeieoue a iaeiii
eeoea iia?aoeaii-?icuneiua e i?ioeannoaeueiua ooieoeee2.

Yoe aeiaiaeu i?aaenoaaeythony iaoaaaeeoaeueiuie ii ia-
neieueeei i?e/eiai. Ai-ia?auo, ieeaeea naaaeaiey ioiine-
oaeueii iiaeeaaeaueo aeieacuaaieth ianoiyoaeuenoa, aeaaea an-
ee iie iieo/aiu i?ioeannoaeueiui iooai, ia iaeaaeatho aeey
neaaeiaaoaey ca?aiaa onoaiiaeaiiie neeie (no. 17 Iniia,
no. 71 OIE). Oai aieaa ia iaeaaeaao oaeie neeie iia?aoea-
iay eioi?iaoeey, iieo/aiiay i?aaiaie aeiciaiey aac ni-
aethaeaiey o?aaiaaiee oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiie oi?iu e
iioiio o?aaothuay ai?acaei aieueoae i?iaa?ee, /ai eioi?-
,” iaoeey, iieo/aiiay i?ioeannoaeueiui iooai, Eiaiii oae e
; ioiinyony e iae iaeaieaa iiuoiua neaaeiaaoaee.

Ai-aoi?uo, neaaeiaaoaeue a oiaea ?anneaaeiaaiey oaieia-
| iiai aeaea i?eieiaao ia oieueei oae iacuaaaiua iniiaiua
j ?aoaiey3, aace?othueany ia niaieoiiinoe aeieacaoaeuenoa
(no. 17 Iniia, no. 71 OIE), ii e ?aoaiey /anoe/iua eee
i?iiaaeooi/iua4, eioi?ua ia niaea?aeao eoiaiaie ioeaiee ia-
noiyoaeuenoa aeaea, a oieueei nicaeatho th?eaee/aneoth aaco aeey
auianaiey iniiaiuo ?aoaiee-i i?iecaiaenoaa neaaenoaai-
iuo aeaenoaee, ia eca?aiee ia?u i?ana/aiey e ae?. E oae-
oe/aneea, e th?eaee/aneea iniiaaiey aeey i?eiyoey iacaai-
iuo a?oii ?aoaiee, eae oaea auei ioia/aii, ?acee/iu.

A-o?aoueeo, oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiue caeii aeiioneaao ^
iauaaeeiaiea iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo e i?ioeannoaeueiuo ooie-
oeee a eeoea iia?aoeaiiai oiieiiii/aiiiai AONN (O?),
eiaaea ii, iaeiia?aiaiii n i?eiyoeai iia?aoeaiuo ia?, au-
nooiaao a ea/anoaa eeoea, i?iecaiaeyuaai aeiciaiea, e nai
?aaeecoao iia?aoeaiua iaoa?eaeu (no.no. 119, 120 OIE).

1 Ni.: Ai?iaeeei O. I., Ei?ye I. I. Aieiaiea: eiioeeeo. Iiai-
neae?ne, 1983. N. 36-45.

2 Ni.: Oai?ey aeieacaoaeuenoa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. I.,
197i. N. 26.

3 Eoieineay I. A. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 26.

4 Ea?iaaaa E. I., Aai?eoia A. I. Iniaaiiinoe ioeaiee aeieaca-
oaeuenoa ia ?aciuo yoaiao i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai neaaenoaey//Nia. ainoaea?-
noai e i?aai. 1966. ? 8. G. 74-75.

7 Caeac 5297

Iaeuecy oaeaea ia o/eouaaoue e oiai, /oi neaaeiaaoaeue
o/anoaoao eeoue a ?anniio?aiee iia?aoeaiuo iaoa?eaeia,
ii iaiin?aaenoaaiii nai ieeaeeo ia?ii?eyoee ia i?iaiaeeo.

Oaeei ia?’acii, i?aai neaaeiaaoaey ciaeiieoueny n ia-
oa?eaeaie, iieo/aiiuie a oiaea I?I, ia i?ioeai?a/eo
o?aaiaaieyi caeiia, a auoaeaao ec iaai e iieiinoueth aio
niioaaonoaoao.

Oai ia iaiaa, e iaeioi?ua iia?aoeaiua ?aaioieee ia
n/eoatho aiciiaeiui ciaeiieoue neaaeiaaoaey n iia?aoea-
iuie iaoa?eaeaie, iieaaay, /oi i?e yoii aic?anoaao iian-
iinoue ?acaeaoaiey nee, n?aaenoa e iaoiaeia, n iiiiuueth ei-
oi?uo iieo/aiu niioaaonoaothuea aeaiiua, /oi “a iiaiia
ca iiaie aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiie eioi?iaoeeae” iiaeao auoue
aeiiouaii niaoaiea iaoa?eaeia, iieo/aiiuo ec i?ioean-
O noaeueiuo e iai?ioeannoaeueiuo enoi/ieeia.

Oaeea iianaiey, eae iieacaei enneaaeiaaiea, ia eiatho
iiae niaie aeinoaoi/iuo iniiaaiee e nei?aa io?aaeatho eeoue
iaeioi?ua i?in/aou ii eiie?aoiui aeaeai, i?e/ai aeiey
yoeo oiouaiee iaaaeeea.

“”- ‘Iaeioi?ua iao/iua e i?aeoe/aneea ?aaioieee n/eoatho,
/oi ?ac?aoaiea aii?ina i aicaoaeaeaiee oaieiaiiai aeaea
ii iia?aoeaiui iaoa?eaeai-eneeth/eoaeueii eiiiaoai-
oeey i?aaiia aeiciaiey e /oi oaeia oaieiaiia aeaei neaaeiaa-
oaeue iiaeao i?eiyoue e naiaio i?iecaiaenoao oieueei iinea
auiieiaiey i?aaiaie aeiciaiey iaioeiaeiuo neaaenoaaiiuo
aeaenoaee’.

Niaeaneoueny n yoei icia/aei au eeoeoue neaaeiaaoaey
i?aaa aicaoaeaeaoue oaeea aeaea e, ii nouanoao, eneeth/aei
au acaeiiaeaenoaea iaaeaeo iei e iia?aoeaiui ?aaioieeii
eae a noaaeee aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea, oae e i?e au-
iieiaiee iaioeiaeiuo neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee, eiaaea o/a-
noea neaaeiaaoaey a ?anniio?aiee iia?aoeaiuo iaoa?eaeia
iniaaiii iaiaoiaeeii aeey ioeaiee eo aioiaiinoe e ?aaee-
caoeee, ii?aaeaeaiey oaeoe/aneiai i?eaia e iiiaioa ?aaee-
caoeee, aeey auai?a e eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiiai i?iaaaeaiey ia?-
aiia/aeueiuo neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee n o/aoii ia oieueei
i?ioeannoaeueiuo, ii e iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo aiciiaeiinoae.

I?aeoeea iieacuaaao-oai, aaea iia?aoeaiue ?aaioiee
e neaaeiaaoaeue ?aaioatho a aoiinoa?a acaeiiiai aeiaa?ey,
oiaa?euaneiai nio?oaeie/anoaa, niaeaniaaiiinoe aeaenoaee,
no?iaiai niaethaeaiey o?aaiaaiee caeiiia e ii?iaoeaiuo
aeoia, ia aicieeaao iaaei?acoiaiee, auno?i e oaea/ii ?aa-

‘ Ni.: Acaeiiaeaenoaea neaaeiaaoaeae e ieeeoeee i?e ?anneaaeiaaiee
e i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiee i?anooieaiee. I., 1964. N. 23.

eecothony iia?aoeaiua iaoa?eaeu, oniaoii eniieuecothony
i?ioeannoaeueiua e .iai?ioeannoaeueiua iaoiaeu i?e nai?a
i?eaioe?othuae eioi?iaoeee e aeieacaoaeuenoa, iaeaieaa
iieii, ea/anoaaiii – e auno?i aaaeaony neaaenoaea. Oieueei
acaeiiue e iieiue iaiai iaiaoiaeeiie aeey ?anneaaeiaaiey
eioi?iaoeeae, iieo/aaiie eae neaaeiaaoaeai, oae e iia?a-
oeaiui ?aaioieeii, aeaao aiciiaeiinoue oniaoii eii?aeeie-
?iaaoue iia?aoeaiua ia?ii?eyoey e neaaenoaaiiua aeaenoaey,
naiaa?aiaiii e oaeoe/anee a?aiioii auiieieoue neaaenoaai-
iua aeaenoaey, oiaei eniieueciaaoue i?e yoii iia?aoeaii-
?icuneiua naaaeaiey e iao/ii-oaoie/aneea n?aaenoaa.

Iaeiia?aiaiii aic?anoao e yooaeoeaiinoue eniieueciaa-
iey eioi?iaoeee, iineieueeo neaaeiaaoaeth iau/ii oaeaaony
iiaeiaoeoue a iaoa?eaeao e oaeea aaaeiua aeey neaaenoaey
aeaoaee, ia eioi?ua iia?aoeaiue ?aaioiee iiaeao ia ia?a-
oeoue aieiaiey, ni/oy eo iacia/eoaeueiuie eee ia ioiiny-
ueieny e aeaeo, eo/oa oaeaeaoue oae iacuaaaioth “noaeaaioth
ia?niaeoeao”. Ii aea (neaaeiaaoaeue) iiaeao ieacaoue iia?a-
oeaiiio ?aaioieeo iiiiuue i?e ?ac?aoaiee aii?inia i
aioiaiinoe iia?aoeaiuo iaoa?eaeia aeey ?aaeecaoeee, i ia-
iaoiaeeiinoe onoaiiaeoue ianoiyoaeuenoaa, aac eioi?uo iaeue-
cy i?eiyoue ?aoaiea i aicaoaeaeaiee oaieiaiiai aeaea, e ae?.

Iai?aaenoaaeaiea neaaeiaaoaeth aeey iciaeiieaiey iia?a-
oeaiuo iaoa?eaeia ia?aaeei yaeyaony iaeiie ec i?e/ei aic-
ieeathueo iaaeaeo iei e iia?aoeaiui ?aaioieeii eiioeee-
oia. Onoaiiaea (a eo/oai neo/aa) iaiaoiaeeiua aeey””)
?aoaiey aii?ina i aicaoaeaeaiee oaieiaiiai aeaea ianoiy-
oaeuenoaa, iia?aoeaiue ?aaioiee ec-ca ia?aie/aiiinoe i?i-
oeannoaeueiuo n?aaenoa, aeiioneaaiuo i?e i?iaaaeaiee i?iaa-
?i/iie aeayoaeueiinoe, ia a ninoiyiee ?aaeeciaaoue anth
iia?aoeaioth eioi?iaoeeth, a nayce n /ai iaoa?eaeu, eioi-
?ua ii i?aaenoaaeyao neaaeiaaoaeth, /anoi aeaenoaeoaeueii
auaatho iaiieiuie. “-

Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi ethaie aeaeiaie eiioeeeo, a oai
aieaa iai?a?uaiay oeaiue oaeeo eiioeeeoia, eiaao oaiaeai-
oeeth ia?aoiaeeoue a eiioeeeo yiioeeiiaeueiue, eiaaea iiaeao
auoue oo?a/ai iauaeo eiioeeeoa e oeaeueth acaeiiioiioaiee
ieacuaaaony ia iieueca aeaeo, a no?aieaiea aeieacaoue i?a-
ainoiaenoai iaeiiai iiiiiaioa iaae ae?oaei. A eoiaa iaaeaeo
iinoiyiiuie iiiiiaioaie aicieeatho e oe?aieythony /oa-
noaa iai?eycie, a?aaeaeu, iie i?aa?auathony a i?ioeaie-
eia e aeaaea anee eiioeeeoiay neooaoeey eciaiyaony, acae-

iiaeaenoaea -nio?oaeieeia nio?aiyao eiioeeeoiue oa?aeoa?.

I?aao neaaeiaaoaey ciaeiieoueny n iia?aoeaiuie iaoa-
?eaeaie niioaaonoaoao e aai iaycaiiinoue i?aaeioa?auaoue

aiciiaeioth ooa/eo eioi?iaoeee i neeao, n?aaenoaao e ia-
oiaeao, n iiiiuueth eioi?uo iieo/aiu yoe iaoa?eaeu. Iaeia-
ei, eae iieacae ii?in, ainaiue ec eaaeaeuo aeanyoe neaaeiaa-
oaeae (81%) ia ciatho i oii, /oi iie ia?yaeo n iia?aoea-
iui ?aaioieeii iaycaiu i?eieiaoue ia?u, eneeth/athuea
iiaeiaioth ooa/eo.

Oaeei ia?acii, i?aaeoniao?eaay iaiin?aaenoaaiiia ia-
ia?oaeaiea i?eciaeia i?anooieaiey a ea/anoaa iiaiaea, ca-
eii ia naycuaaao i?eiyoea ?aoaiey i aicaoaeaeaiee oai-
eiaiiai aeaea n iaycaoaeueiie i?ioeannoaeueiie i?iaa?i/iie
^aeayoaeueiinoueth, eae yoi a aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa eiaao ianoi
|.i?e aicaoaeaeaiee oaieiaiuo aeae ii cayaeaieyi e niiaua-
ieyi a?aaeaeai e aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe, oae eae iiaiae (iaii-
n?aaenoaaiiia iaia?oaeaiea) oi?ie?oaony a oiaea aeaenoaee
; (a oii /enea e iia?aoeaiuo) ii iaia?oaeaieth i?eciaeia
i?anooieaiey. Iiyoiio i?aaeinoaaeaiea neaaeiaaoaeth iia-

?aoeaiuo iaoa?eaeia ia anaaaea o?aaoao i?iaaaeaiey i?i-
oeannoaeueiie i?iaa?i/iie aeayoaeueiinoe eae ni noi?iiu iia-
?aoeaiiai ?aaioieea, oae e ni noi?iiu neaaeiaaoaey. Ii-
neaaeiee iiaeao oniio?aoue i?eciaee i?anooieaiey ec iia-
?aoeaiuo iaoa?eaeia e ?aii?oa iia?aoeaiiai ?aaioieea i
iaiin?aaenoaaiiii iaia?oaeaiee i?eciaeia i?anooieaiey,
?acoiaaony, i?e oneiaee, anee niioaaonoaothuea aeaiiua a
iia?aoeaiuo iaoa?eaeao aeaenoaeoaeueii eiathony.

Oaeie iiaeoiae i?aaenoaaeyaony i?aaiia?iui eae aeey
aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea i?e iaia?oaeaiee i?eciaeia
i?anooieaiey a oiaea ?anneaaeiaaiey ae?oaiai i?anooieaiey,
oae e i?e aicaoaeaeaiee oaieiaiiai aeaea iia?aoeaiui ?a-
aioieeii ia iniiaaiee iia?aoeaiuo iaoa?eaeia. Oa?ae-
oa?ii, /oi nauoa 45% ii?ioaiiuo iia?aoeaiuo ?aaioie-
eia e 49% neaaeiaaoaeae n/eoatho aiciiaeiui aicaoaeaeaoue
oaieiaiia aeaei ii iaeiei eeoue iia?aoeaiui iaoa?eaeai,
aac iieo/aiey iauyniaiey e eno?aaiaaiey iaoa?eaeia
(no. 109 OIE), i?e iaiin?aaenoaaiiii iaia?oaeaiee i?e-
ciaeia i?anooieaiey a oiaea I?I i?aaiia aeiciaiey.

Caaea?aeaiea ii iiaeic?aieth a niaa?oaiee
i?anooieaiey

Iniiaaiey aeey caaea?aeaiey eeoea, iiaeic?aaaaiiai a niaa?-
oaiee i?anooieaiey, iiaoo auoue iiae?acaeaeaiu ia aeaa a?oi-
iu. E ia?aie ec ieo neaaeoao ioianoe iniiaaiey, eceiaeai-
iua a ii. 1-3 /. 1 no. 122 OIE (eiaaea eeoei canoeaiooi
i?e niaa?oaiee i?anooieaiey eee iaiin?aaenoaaiii iinea

100

aai niaa?oaiey, eiaaea i/aaeaeoeu, a oii /enea e iioa?iaa-
oea, i?yii oeaaeoo ia aeaiiia eeoei eae ia niaa?oeaoaa
i?anooieaiea e eiaaea ia iiaeic?aaaaiii, i?e iai eee a
aai aeeeeua aoaeoo iaia?oaeaiu yaiua neaaeu i?anooiea-
iey), a ei aoi?ie-iniiaaiey, niaea?aeaueany a /. 2 no. 122
OIE (i?e iaee/ee eiuo aeaiiuo, aeathueo iniiaaiey iiaei-
c?aaaoue eeoei a niaa?oaiee i?anooieaiey, anee iii iieo-
oaeinue ia iiaaa, ia eiaao iinoiyiiiai ianoa aeeoaeuenoaa
eee ia onoaiiaeaia aai ee/iinoue).

A oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiie eeoa?aoo?a i?aaeeueii ioia-
/aaony, /oi ?acee/ey iaaeaeo iniiaaieyie, iacaaiiuie a
/. 1 no. 122 OIE, e “eiuie aeaiiuie” caeeth/athony a noa-
iaie eaoaai?e/iinoe oeacaiey ia eiie?aoiia eeoei, niaa?-
oeaoaa i?anooieaiea1.

Oa?aeoa? iniiaaiee, niaea?aeaueony a ii. 1-3 /. 1
no. 122 OIE, iicaieyao ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi naaaeaiey ia eo ia-
ee/ee iiaoo auoue iieo/aiu oieueei i?ioeannoaeueiui iooai,
iinea /aai iie i?eia?aoatho cia/aiea, eae i?aaeei, i?y-
iuo aeieacaoaeuenoa.

Ainiieueciaaaoenue oa?ieiii “oieueei”, caeiiiaeaoaeue
iiae/a?eioe, /oi eeoei iiaeao auoue caaea?aeaii i?e iaee/ee
oioy au iaeiiai ec iacaaiiuo iniiaaiee. *oi aea eanaaony
/. 2 no. 122 OIE, oi i?eiyoea ?aoaiey i i?iecaiaenoaa ca-
aea?aeaiey i?e iaee/ee “eiuo aeaiiuo” naycaii n o?aiy on-
eiaeyie caaea?aeaiey: anee yoi eeoei iieooaeinue ia iiaaa,
ia eiaao iinoiyiiiai ianoa aeeoaeuenoaa eee ia onoaiiaea-
ia aai ee/iinoue.

Aicieeaao ?yae aii?inia: /oi iiieiaoue iiae “eiuie aeai-
iuie”, eaeei iooai e ec eaeeo enoi/ieeia iie, a oaeaea
naaaeaiey i iaee/ee oneiaee caaea?aeaiey iiaoo auoue iieo-
/aiu, a eaeii niioiioaiee iaoiaeyony “eiua aeaiiua” e on-
eiaey caaea?aeaiey?

Ii aii?ino i oii, /oi iiieiaoue iiae “eiuie aeaiiuie”,
a eeoa?aoo?a auee auneacaiu ?acee/iua noaeaeaiey. Oae^
E. I. Aooeei iieaaaao, /oi “aeey aiaeai?aiey a EAN eeoea,|
iiaeic?aaaaiiai a i?anooieaiee, iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau iiaeic?a-^
iea i?ioea iaai iniiauaaeinue ia oaeoe/aneeo aeaiiuo, ii-
eo/aiiuo ec enoi/ieeia, eioi?ua iiaoo enneaaeiaaoueny a\
?aieao oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna e iieo/eoue cae?aieaiea a ia-ae
oa?eaeao oaieiaiiai aeaea”2. ‘^

‘ Na?aaaa A. E. Caaea?aeaiea eeoe, iiaeic?aaaaiuo a niaa?oaiee
i?anooieaiee, ii niaaoneiio oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiiio caeiio. Ai?ue-
eee, 1976. N. 10.

2 Aooeei E. I. Aeooaeueiua aii?inu oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiiai
caaea?aeaiey, I., 1980. N. 36. I oii aea ni.: Na?aaaa A. E. Oeac. ?aai-

101

Aianoa n oai aeinoaoi/ii ?ani?ino?aiaii iiaiea, /oi
?anniao?eaaaiay eaoaai?ey aeaiiuo iiaeao auoue iieo/aia
ia oieueei ec i?ioeannoaeueiuo enoi/ieeia (iauyniaiey, ii-
eacaiey naeaeaoaeae, iioa?iaaoeo, ?acoeueoaou neaaenoaai-
iuo aeaenoaee e o. ae.), ii e ec ethauo iai?ioeannoaeueiuo, a
oii /enea e iia?aoeaiuo, enoi/ieeia’.

I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi ?ac?aoaiea aii?ina i oii, /oi ii-
ieiaoue iiae “eiuie aeaiiuie”, aeieaeii auoue ianeieueei
eiui. Aiaeec //. 1, 2 no. 122 OIE aeaao iniiaaiey ooaa?ae-
aeaoue, /oi aeaiiua, ioianaiiua caeiiii e /eneo “eiuo”,
iaycaoaeueii aeieaeiu oeacuaaoue ia eiie?aoiia, niaa?oea-
oaa i?anooieaiea eeoei. Yoi iiaoo auoue aeaiiua iaiaa ea-
oaai?e/iua, ii n?aaiaieth ni naaaeaieyie ia iniiaaieyo,
oeacaiiuo a ii. 1-3 /. 1 no. 122 OIE. I?aaenoaaeyaony,
/oi yoi aeaiiua i?aaeiieiaeeoaeueiiai, i?eaioe?othuaai, aa-
?iyoiiai oa?aeoa?a.

Oae, ii iaeiiio ec oaieiaiuo aeae, eco/aiiuo aaoi?ii,
aooaaeoa? caaiaea Cioiaa2 ia aeii?ina iieacaea, /oi caaa-
aeothuay neeaaeii Aieeiaa i?aaeeaaaea ae o/anoaiaaoue a ni-
aa?oaiee oeuaiey iaeaye, i?inouiae, iaaiei/ae e ae?oaeo
iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae, iaaeinoa/a e ia?ani?oeoea eioi?uo
a iiaeio/aoa Aieeiaie auea onoaiiaeaia aeieoiaioaeueiie
?aaeceae.

I/aaeaeii, /oi Cioiaa ia oeacuaaao ia Aieeiao eae ia
eeoei, niaa?oeaoaa oeuaiea, ii a oi aea a?aiy aa iieaca-
iey, a niaieoiiinoe n ae?oaeie aeieacaoaeuenoaaie (oaeo ia-
aeinoa/e, onoaiiaeaiiue ?aaeceae, aeieoiaiou i iieo/aiee
Aieeiaie a iiaeio/ao iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae e i?.), aeatho
iniiaaiey iainiiaaiii iiaeic?aaaoue Aieeiao a oeuaiee
oeaiiinoae.

Iiaeao ee auoue a aeaiiii neo/aa ?aoaiea i caaea?aea-
iee Aieeiaie i?eiyoi oieueei ia iniiaaiee iieacaiee Ci-
oiaie i?e iaee/ee oaeie niaieoiiinoe aeieacaoaeuenoa? Ii-
aeaeeiiio-iao. Iaeiaei anee au neaaeiaaoaeue ?aniieaaae
aeaiiuie (a oii /enea e iia?aoeaiuie) i oii, /oi Aieei-
aa iaia?aia ne?uoueny io neaaenoaey, o. a. iieooaaony ia

oa. N. 15-16; Iao?ooei E. E. Iai?eeiniiaaiiinoue ee/iinoe e i?e-
ioaeaeaiea a oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. I., 1989. N. 30.

‘ Ni., iai?.: Aaeeei E. N., Ei/aoeia A. A. I?ioeannoaeueiia iiei-
aeaiea iiaeic?aaaaiiai. I., 1968. N. 22; Aaeaoei N. I., Iaoaeai-
ei A. A. Iiaeic?aaaaiue a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. Ieine,
1969. N. 89-90; Eiiiaioa?ee e OIE ANN?. Ieine, 1973. N. 143;

Eiiiaioa?ee e OIE ONN?. Eeaa, 1974. N. 142.

2 oaieeee eciaiaiu.

102

iiaaa, oi yoi aeaei au neaaeiaaoaeth iniiaaiey caaea?aeaoue
Aieeiao a ii?yaeea no. 122 OIE.

Oaeei ia?acii, “eiua aeaiiua” oaeaea aeieaeiu eiaoue
i?ioeannoaeueiue oa?aeoa?, o. a. auoue aeieacaoaeuenoaaie, ii
iaiueoae noaiaie eaoaai?e/iinoe (einaaiiua aeieacaoaeue-
noaa), ii n?aaiaieth n aeaiiuie, oeacaiiuie a ii. 1-3
/. 1 no. 122 OIE.

Oaeie iiaeoiae, ia iao’ acaeyae, i?aaeii/oeoaeueiaa, oae
eae eiie aeaao iniiaaiey aeey caaea?aeaiey ii neooai, a ?a-
coeueoaoa neo/aeiiai noa/aiey ianoiyoaeuenoa e o. ae. Yoi
naycaii n oai, /oi iiaeic?aiea a oaieiaiii i?ioeanna ia ii-
aeao eiaoue ie/aai iauaai n i?inoie aaciniiaaoaeueiie ii-
aeic?eoaeueiinoueth. ‘

I?e iaiin?aaenoaaiiii iaia?oaeaiee i?eciaeia i?a-
nooieaiey a oiaea iia?aoeaii-?icuneiie aeayoaeueiinoe inii-
aaiey aeey caaea?aeaiey iiaoo niaea?aeaoueny a ?aii?oa iia-
?aoeaiiai ?aaioieea, iaiin?aaenoaaiii iaaethaeaaoaai i?a-
nooiiua aeaenoaey. Ae?oaea iia?aoeaiua aeaiiua i niaa?oa-
iee i?anooieaiey aeey oiai, /oiau noaoue iniiaaieyie aeey
caaea?aeaiey e iiiaioo i?eiyoey i?ioeannoaeueiiai ?aoaiey,
aeieaeiu eiaoue i?ioeannoaeueiue oa?aeoa?. E iei iiaoo
auoue ioianaiu naaaeaiey, iieo/aiiua a ?acoeueoaoa oaeoe-
/aneiai caaea?aeaiey i?anooiieea n iiee/iui, aeaiiua ee/-
iiai iaunea, iniio?a ianoa caaea?aeaiey e ?aai/aai ianoa,
?acee/iiai ?iaea aeieoiaiou, iieacaiey eeoe, i?eieiaaoeo
o/anoea a caaea?aeaiee, ae?oaeo naeaeaoaeae e i?.

*oi aea eanaaony naaaeaiee i iaee/ee oneiaee caaea?aea-
iey (iai?eia?, iaia?aiey eeoea niaa?oeoue iiaaa), oi iie
iiaoo auoue iieo/aiu e iai?ioeannoaeueiui, a oii /enea e
iia?aoeaiui iooai.

Iaiaoiaeeiinoue eniieueciaaiey iia?aoeaiuo aeaiiuo i
iaia?aiee caiiaeic?aiiiai eeoea ne?uoueny io neaaenoaey
iauyniyaony iaaiciiaeiinoueth a ?yaea neo/aaa iieo/aiey oa-‘
eeo naaaeaiee i iiaaaa aei i?iecaiaenoaa caaea?aeaiey.

Iia?aoeaiay eioi?iaoeey iiaeao auoue eniieueciaaia e
a oaeoeea caaea?aeaiey aeey ii?aaeaeaiey aai iiiaioa, oae-
oe/aneiai i?eaia, /eneaiiinoe o/anoieeia caaea?aeaiey
e o. ae. (caaea?aeaiea acyoeiiieo/aoaeae n iiee/iui, ?anoe-
oeoaeae i?e auaica e ?aaeecaoeee iioeuaiiiai, auiiaaoa-
eae-?yeaoe?ia i?e iieo/aiee “aueoia” e o. i.). Oaeia ca-
aea?aeaiea, eae i?aaeei, nii?iaiaeaeaaony iaaethaeaieai ca
aeaenoaeyie i?anooiieea n o/anoeai iauanoaaiiinoe, oioi-i-
e eeiinuaieie eee aeaeaicaienueth, /oi aeaao aiciiaeiinoue en-
iieueciaaoue a iineaaeothuai iieo/aiiua iaoa?eaeu a ea/a-
noaa enoi/ieeia aeieacaoaeuenoa.

103

I?iecaiaenoai iaunea, auaiee, iniio?a

A nayce n oai, /oi iaune naycai n aoi?aeaieai a noa?o
ee/iuo eioa?ania e iiaeao inouanoaeyoueny i?eioaeeoaeueii
(no. 170 OIE), ii i?iaiaeeony ii iioeae?iaaiiiio iinoa-
iiaeaieth e n naieoeee i?ieo?i?a.

Iniiaaiey aeey i?iecaiaenoaa iaunea noi?ioee?iaaiu a

caeiia neaaeothuei ia?acii: “Eiay aeinoaoi/iua iniiaa-
iey iieaaaoue…”. I/aaeaeii, /oi caeii i?yii ia naycuaaao
i?eiyoea oaeiai ?aoaiey n iaee/eai iaiaoiaeeiie aeey yoi-
ai niaieoiiinoe aeieacaoaeuenoa. Yoi, iaeiaei, ia icia/aao,
/oi aiciiaeii i?eiyoea ?aoaiey i i?iecaiaenoaa iaunea ia
iniiaaiee iia?aoeaiuo aeaiiuo a ethauo neo/ayo.

I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi i?e i?eiyoee ?aoaiey i i?iecaiae-
noaa iaunea neaaeoao o/eouaaoue i?ioeannoaeueiia iieiaeaiea
eeoea, o eioi?iai i?iaiaeeony iaune. Oae, ?aoaiea i i?iec-
aiaenoaa iaunea o iaaeiyaiiai eee iiaeic?aaaaiiai iiaeao
auoue i?eiyoi i?e iainiiaaiiii i?aaeiieiaeaiee, /oi a aai
aeeeeua e ae?oaeo iiiauaieyo iiaoo iaoiaeeoueny i?aaeiaou
e aeieoiaiou, eiathuea cia/aiea aeey aeaea, oeaiiinoe, ia-
aeeoua i?anooiiui iooai, e i?.

Iioeae?iaaiiinoue iaunea a yoii neo/aa ii?aaeaeyaony
iainiiaaiiinoueth iiaeic?aiee eee iaaeiaiee a ioiioaiee
eiie?aoiiai eeoea. I?aaeiieiaeaiea i aiciiaeiii iaoiaeaea-
iee a aeeeeua eee eiii iiiauaiee iaaeiyaiiai (iiaeic?a-
aaaiiai) i?aaeiaoia e aeieoiaioia, eiathueo cia/aiea aeey
aeaea, iainiiauaaaony naiei oaeoii niaa?oaiey i?anooi-
eaiey iiaeic?aaaaiui (iaaeiyaiui). Yoi aeaao iniiaaiea
ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi ?aoaiea i i?iecaiaenoaa iaunea a iiia-
uaieyo, i?eiaaeeaaeaueo iaaeiyaiui, iiaeic?aaaaiui, ia
o?aaoao aeieacaoaeuenoa iaoiaeaeaiey o iaai eneiiuo i?aae-
iaoia, iiieii aeieacaoaeuenoa, iieiaeaiiuo a iniiao iaae-
iaiey (iiaeic?aiey), e iiaeao auoue iainiiaaii a oii /enea
e iia?aoeaiuie aeaiiuie.

Aaconeiaii, /oi iaune i?iaiaeeony ia ii anai aeaeai e
iaiaoiaeeiinoue aai i?iecaiaenoaa o iaaeiyaiiai naycaia ni.
niaoeeoeeie iiaeaioiaeoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe, niiniaa niaa?-
oaiey i?anooieaiey, aai iineaaenoaee e i?.

Eia/a aeieaeai ?aoaoueny aii?in i i?iecaiaenoaa iaunea
o ae?oaeo eeoe (naeaeaoaeae, iioa?iaaoeo). Iioeae?iaai-
iinoue ?aoaiey i i?iecaiaenoaa iaunea a yoeo neo/ayo, eae
i?aaeei, i?aaeiieaaaao iaee/ea aeieacaoaeuenoa i iaoiaeaea-
iee o naeaeaoaey (iioa?iaaoaai) i?oaeee i?anooieaiey, eia-
thueo cia/aiea aeey aeaea i?aaeiaoia, oeaiiinoae, iaaeeouo
i?anooiiui iooai.

104

Aianoa n oai, a neo/ayo, ia oa?iyueo ioeaaaoaeuenoaa,
neaaeiaaoaeue, ?aniieaaay aeinoiaa?iuie iia?aoeaiuie aeai-
iuie, ia ia?auaynue ca naieoeeae e i?ieo?i?o, iiaeao i?e-
iyoue ?aoaiea i i?iecaiaenoaa iaunea o naeaeaoaey (iioa?-
iaaoaai) ia iniiaaiee iaeieo oieueei iia?aoeaiuo aeaiiuo
iaoa?eaeia*.

Oae, a oiaea iia?aoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoe auea iieo/aia
eioi?iaoeey i oii, /oi oeaiiinoe, iaaeeoua iaaeiyaiui Ii-
aeeiaui i?anooiiui iooai (caaea?aeai a ii?yaeea no. 122
OIE), iaoiaeyony a iia?aaa aai ciaeiiiai Aaneeueaaa. Ii-
neaaeiee ia aeii?ina io?eoeae yoi, a ae?oaeo aeieacaoaeuenoa,
iiaeoaa?aeaeathueo oaeo iaoiaeaeaiey oeaiiinoae o Aaneeuea-
aa, ia auei. Iaeiaei neaaeiaaoaeai auei i?eiyoi ?aoaiea
i i?iecaiaenoaa iaunea o Aaneeueaaa aac naieoeee i?ieo?i-
?a, oae eae aicieeei iiaeic?aiea (i?aaeiieiaeaiea), /oi
oeaiiinoe aoaeoo ia?aianaiu Aaneeueaaui a ae?oaia ianoi.

Oaeei ia?acii, oa?aeoa? iia?aoeaiuo aeaiiuo e neooa-
oeey, neiaeeaoayny iinea aeii?ina Aaneeueaaa, iicaieyea nea-
aeiaaoaeth naeaeaoue auaiae i iaioeiaeiinoe iaunea e aai i?i-
aaaeaiee ia iniiaaiee e n oeaeueth i?iaa?ee iia?aoeaiie ei-
oi?iaoeee.

I?iaaaeaiiia aaoi?ii enneaaeiaaiea iieacaei, /oi i?e
aicaoaeaeaiee oaieiaiuo aeae i oeuaieyo ii iaoa?eaeai
iia?aoeaii-?icuneiie aeayoaeueiinoe iia?aoeaiua ?aaioie-
ee e neaaeiaaoaee no?aiyony i?iaiaeeoue iaunee o caiiaeic-
?aiiuo eeoe ii aiciiaeiinoe aeeaea e iiiaioo aicaoaeaea-
iey oaieiaiiai aeaea, a eiiaaea e a aeaiue aicaoaeaeaiey. A
aieueoeinoaa eco/aiiuo ieaiia niaeaniaaiiuo neaaenoaai-
iuo aeaenoaee e iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia? ii ?aaeecaoeee
iaoa?eaeia iia?aoeaii-?icuneiie aeayoaeueiinoe iaune o
?anoeoeoaeae ioianai e iaioeiaeiui neaaenoaaiiui aeaeno-
aeyi e aai i?iaaaeaiea ieaie?iaaeinue ia aeaiue aicaoaeaea-
iey oaieiaiiai aeaea.

Aiciiaeiinoue i?iecaiaenoaa iaunea a aeaiue aicaoaeaeaiey
oaieiaiiai aeaea i oeuaiee ii?aaeaeyaony oai, /oi eeoei,-o
eioi?iai i?iaiaeeony iaune, a yoio. iiiaio oaeoe/anee ia-
oiaeeony a iieiaeaiee iiaeic?aaaaiiai. A ioee/ea io oaieia-
iuo aeae, ?aaeno?e?oaiuo ii eeiee O?, ii aeaeai i oeua-
ieyo ia iiiaio aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea iaiaoiaeeii
onoaiiaeoue ia oieueei iaee/ea i?eciaeia i?anooieaiey, ii

‘ I oii aea ni., iai?.: Eiiiaioa?ee e OIE ANN?. N. 210; Eii-
iaioa?ee e OIE ONN?. N. 210; Eiiiaioa?ee e OIE ?NON?. IAe
1983. N. 331.

105

e nia?aoue aeinoaoi/iua aeaiiua, oeacuaathuea ia eiie?ao-
iia eeoei, aai niaa?oeaoaa.

Iaiaoiaeeiinoue a yoii iauyniyaony oai, /oi, oieueei
auyaea yoi eeoei, iiaeii ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi iii yaeyaony
aeieaeiinoiui eeoeii, o. a. niaoeeaeueiui noauaeoii. Eia/a
aiai?y, aeinoaoi/iua aeaiiua, oeacuaathuea ia i?eciaee
oeuaiey, iaioaeaeeiu io aeaiiuo, oeacuaathueo ia eii-
e?aoiia eeoei. Aieaa oiai, i?enaiaiea, ?ano?aoa eee cei-
oiio?aaeaiea eeoea naiei aeieaeiinoiui iieiaeaieai oieue-
ei oiaaea aoaeoo niaea?aeaoue i?eciaee oeuaiey, eiaaea eeoei,
aai niaa?oeaoaa, iieo/eei iaoa?eaeueioth auaiaeo, o. a. i?a-
neaaeiaaei naieie aeaenoaeyie aeinoeaeaiea ei?unoiie oeaee.

Yoi aua ?ac oaaaeaeaao a i?aaeeueiinoe auneacaiiiai a
. eeoa?aoo?a iiaiey i iaiaoiaeeiinoe ?anoe?aiey ia?a/iy
i?ioeannoaeueiuo iniiaaiee aeey i?eciaiey eeoea iiaeic?a-
aaaiui’. A eo /enea iinoaiiaeaiea i aicaoaeaeaiee oaieia-
iiai aeaea ii i?anooieaieyi, naycaiiui n aeaenoaeyie oaea
ecaanoiuo neaaeiaaoaeth eeoe, aeii?in eeoea ii iiaiaeo aai
ee/iiai o/anoey a niaa?oaiee i?anooieaiey e ae?.

A nayce n oai, /oi caeii ia o?aaoao iaiaoiaeeiie niai-
eoiiinoe aeieacaoaeuenoa i?e i?eiyoee ?aoaiee i i?iecaiae-
noaa auaiee e iniio?a, iineaaeiea oaeaea iiaoo auoue i?e-
iyou ia iniiaaiee iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo aeaiiuo.

Iie (iia?aoeaiua aeaiiua) iiaoo auoue eniieueciaaiu
oaeaea e i?e ii?aaeaeaiee oaeoeee iniio?a, iaunea, auai-
ee2. E /eneo oaeeo naaaeaiee ioiineony eioi?iaoeey i ia-
noiiaoiaeaeaiee i?aaeiaoia eee aeieoiaioia, eo i?eciaeao,
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo iniaaiiinoyo, ianoa i?iaaaeaiey neaaeno-
aaiiiai aeaenoaey e o. ae.

Iniiaiay caaea/a, eioi?ay aeieaeia auoue aeinoeaiooa a
yoii neo/aa,-nio?aiaiea a oaeia niiniaia iieo/aiey naa-

‘ Ni., iai?.: Aei?ioia A. ss. I?ioeannoaeueiia iieiaeaiea iiaeic?a-
aaaiiai. – A na.: I?aeoeea i?eiaiaiey iiaiai oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueii-
ai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa. I., 1962. N. 30-31; No?aiianeee A. A. O/anoie-
ee i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai neaaenoaey. ?inoia, 1962. N. 103; Ea?iaaaa E.
Iiaeic?aaaaiue a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna//Nioe. caeiiiinoue,
1959. ? 4. N. 35; Aa aea: Eioa?anu ?anneaaeiaaiey e i?aaiaia iiei-‘
aeaiea naeaeaoaey//Nioe. caeiiiinoue. 1974. ? 10. N. 58-59; Ai?ia-
neee Y. Iiiyoea iiaeic?aaaaiiai a niaaoneii oaieiaiii .’i?ioeanna.
Aanoiee IAO, na?ey “I?aai”, 1963. ? 1. n. 33-34; Aaeaoei N. I.,
Iaoaeaiei A. A. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 36; *oaeeaa A. A. Einoeooo iiaei-
c?aaaaiiai a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. Aaoi?ao. eaiae aeenn I
1968. N. 7.

2 Ieiueeianeee A. I. I?aaiaua e oaeoe/aneea aii?inu eniieueci-
aaiey iia?aoeaiuo aeaiiuo neaaeiaaoaeai. A na.: -I?iaeaiu iiauoa-
iey yooaeoeaiinoe i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai neaaenoaey. Aeeueithn 1969
N. 110-116.

106

aeaiee ia eneiiuo i?aaeiaoao, aeey /aai iia?aoeaiui ?aaio-
ieeii e neaaeiaaoaeai aeieaeiu auoue i?aaei?eiyou nia-
oeeaeueiua ia?u a caaeneiinoe io ?yaea ianoiyoaeuenoa (i?i-
oanney iauneeaaaiiai, aai i?anooiiue iiuo, inaaaeiieai-
iinoue ia iia?aoeaiuo aiciiaeiinoyo e o. i.).

Aeii?in naeaeaoaeae, iioa?iaaoeo,
iiaeic?aaaaiuo e iaaeiyaiuo

Ecaanoii, /oi caaea/ae ethaiai aeii?ina yaeyaony iieo/aiea
io aeii?aoeaaaiiai eeoea i?aaaeeauo iieacaiee a iieiii
iauaia aai inaaaeiieaiiinoe ia ianoiyoaeuenoaao, eiathueo
cia/aiea aeey aeaea1.

?ac?aoaiea yoie caaea/e aiciiaeii eeoue n iiiiuueth
oaeoe/aneeo i?eaiia aeii?ina, eioi?ua ecae?athony a oii
/enea e n o/aoii iia?aoeaiie eioi?iaoeee2. Oaeoe/aneea
i?eaiu aeii?ina aa?uee?othony, eae i?aaeei, a caaeneiinoe
io oiai, ieaie?oao ee aeii?aoeaaaiue aiai?eoue i?aaaeo eee
iaia?ai aaanoe neaaeiaaoaey a caaeoaeaeaiea.

A yoie nayce i?aaenoaaeythony eneeth/eoaeueii aaaeiuie
iia?aoeaiua aeaiiua i niiniaa i?anooieaiey, aai o/anoie-
eao, aiciiaeiie eeiee iiaaaeaiey aeii?aoeaaaiiai e o. ae.

I?e iiaeaioiaea aeii?ina oaeay eioi?iaoeey eniieuecoao-
ny i?e ninoaaeaiee ieaia aeii?ina.

Anee aeii?aoeaaaiue iaia?ai aiai?eoue i?aaaeo, oi iia-
?aoeaiay eioi?iaoeey eniieuecoaony aeey eiio?iey ca aeinoi-
aa?iinoueth aai iieacaiee.

. Ae?oaay neooaoeey neeaaeuaaaony a ii?aaeaeaiee oaeoeee
aeii?ina eeoea, eiathuaai iaia?aiea aaanoe neaaeiaaoaey a
caaeoaeaeaiea.

I?e iiaeaioiaea e aai aeii?ino neaaeoao eniieueciaaoue
naaaeaiey (a o. /. e iia?aoeaiua) i ee/iinoe aeii?aoeaaa-
iiai. Aaaeiia cia/aiea eiatho aeaiiua i naiaeiii iieiaea-
iee, iaaiaeiinoe, o?oninoe, ?iainoe, aia/aoeeoaeueiinoe,
aeaaeiinoe, o?iaia ?acaeoey, i?ioannee aeii?aoeaaaiiai
e o. ae.

I?e ieaie?iaaiee aeii?ina iaiaoiaeeii o/anoue oa?aeoa?
enoi/ieea, ec eioi?iai iieo/aiu naaaeaiey i aeii?aoeaaa-
iii. A oiaea aeii?ina iiaoo auoue i?yii eniieueciaaiu iia-
?aoeaiua aeaiiua i oa?aeoa?a i?anooieaiey e aai ?acia-
?ao, iaoa?eaeueiii iieiaeaiee aeii?aoeaaaiiai, aai acae-

‘ Ea?iaaaa E. I. Noaeaaiay yoeea e oaeoeea aeii?ina. – A na.:

Yoeea i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai neaaenoaey. Aieaia?aae, 1976. N. 49. O
2 Ieiueeianeee A. I. Oeac. noaouey. N. 110-116.

107

iiioiioaieyo n nio/anoieeaie, auaica e ?aaeecaoeee ii-
oeuaiiiai, ianoa ano?a/e n niiauieeaie e o. ae.

Inoaeueiua naaaeaiey eniieuecothony neaaeiaaoaeai aeey oi-
ai, /oiau “aeaenoaiaaoue ni ciaieai aeaea”.

Neiaeiaa ?aoaaony aii?in i i?aaeuyaeaiee a oiaea aeii?i-
na i?aaeiaoia e aeieoiaioia, iieo/aiiuo iia?aoeaiui io-
oai. Ioaao ia iaai naycai n oai?eae e i?aeoeeie cai?aoia
eniieueciaaiey a ?anneaaeiaaiee (a o. /. e a oiaea aeii?inia)
aeieacaoaeuenoa, iieo/aiiuo iacaeiiiuie iaoiaeaie eeai
niiniaaie, i?ioeannoaeueiue ii?yaeie eioi?uo a caeiia ia

o?aaoee?iaai. I?e yoii aiciiaeiu ianeieueei aa?eaioia
?aoaiey i?iaeaiu. Ia?aue ninoieo a oii, /oi ethaua aei-
eacaoaeuenoaa, iieo/aiiua caeiiiui iooai, ii n eniieueci-
aaieai ?aiaa iacaeiiii iieo/aiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa, ia
eiatho aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiiai cia/aiey, oae eae i?aaenoaa-
eytho niaie “ieiaeu yaeiaeoiai aea?aaa”‘.

Aoi?ie ia eneeth/aao aiciiaeiinoe eniieueciaaiey aeiea-
caoaeuenoa, iieo/aiiuo n i?eiaiaieai ?aiaa iacaeiiii ii-
eo/aiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa, oae eae a yoii neo/aa aeieaca-
oaeuenoaa iauaeoeaii nouanoaotho e iie aeieaeiu auoue en-
iieueciaaiu aeey aeieacuaaiey, a eeoei, ia?ooeaoaa cai?ao
iieo/aiey aeieacaoaeuenoa, aeieaeii auoue iaeacaii2.

Aiciiaeai e ae?oaie aa?eaio, ninoiyuee a oii, /oi i?e
ioeaiea aiciiaeiinoe eniieueciaaiey iacaeiiii iieo/aiiuo
aeieacaoaeuenoa aeieaeiu o/eouaaoueny “i?eia?aoaiey” i?a-
aii?eiaieoaey e oa?ica onoaiiaeaieth enoeiu3.

I?e ethaii ?aoaiee yoiai aii?ina cai?ao eniieueciaa-
iey eiaao aeenoeeieeie?othuaa cia/aiea. Ii neoaeeo aeey
oiai, /oiau i?aaeoi?aaeeoue ia?ooaiea ii?yaeea iieo/aiey
aeieacaoaeuenoa e eneeth/eoue iiaoaeeoaeueiua iioeau e i?e-
iaiaieth cai?auaiiuo ia?.

Oaeei ia?acii, ?ac?aoaiea aii?ina i cai?aoa eniieue-
ciaaiey aeieacaoaeuenoa iaiin?aaenoaaiii auoaeaao ec cai?a-
oa eo iieo/aiey4.

‘ sseiaeaa A. I. Eioa?aueth aeo?iaeo “Yoi ieaiaou”.

2 Ia/a A. Iaaiciiaeiinoue noaeaaiiai eniieueciaaiey oeee, iieo-
/aiiuo iacaeiiiui iooai. Ia?aaiae n eoaeueyineiai ec aeo?iaea
“Polizia moderna”, 1975, i. 8, anno XXVII, p. 35 (nai?iee ia?aaiaeia
? 321 AIEE IAAe NNN?. I., 1976. N. 59-63).

3 Sinn und Zweck von Verwertungsverboten. Ia?aaiae n iaiaoeeiai.
Eiioi?a th?eaee/aneiai e iaoeiiieniiai ianeoaeeaaiey. Ia?aaiae
? 3/29. I., 1983. N. 7-11.

4 Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi i?iaeaia cai?aoia a aeieacuaaiee iaei
eco/aia, iniaaiii yoi ioiineony e aii?inai cai?aoia a eniieueciaa-

iee aeieacaoaeuenoa. Iiae?iaiaa ia yoii ni. oeac. ?aaiou A. A. Eiaa-
eaaa e A. I. Ieeieae/eea.

108

Ia aoi?aaynue ai ana aii?inu, naycaiiua n i?iaeaiaie
oaeoeee aeii?ina, inoaiiaeiny eeoue ia ?anniio?aiee aic-
iiaeiinoe i?eiaiaiey oaeoe/aneeo i?eaiia, ?ann/eoaiiuo
ia “aeiiaioth” inaaaeiieaiiinoue aeii?aoeaaaiiai e nii?i-
aiaeaeathueony aeaiiino?aoeeae ?acee/iuo i?aaeiaoia aac
iauyniaiey eo i?ienoiaeaeaiey. A e?eieiaeenoe/aneie ee-
oa?aoo?a iiae?iaii iienaiu i?eia?u n aeaiiino?aoeeae aa-
ii/ee ec-iiae aaeeaeiea, iiiciaieai “oooaeue oaeoie”, oa-
eaa?aiiie i iaiaoiaeeiinoe auacaea ia iioi?iiu e o. i.’.
Iainiiaaiii ioia/aaony, /oi iie aeieaeiu i?eiaiyoueny
inoi?iaeii, iinea niioaaonoaothuae i?iaa?ee ecae?aoaeue-
iinoe2, ii a i?eioeeia, eae n?aaenoai ?ac?aoaiey eiioeeeo-
iie neooaoeee e niyoey o aeii?aoeaaaiiai onoaiiaee ia
eiaeue, iie aiieia aeiionoeiu, oae eae cai?auaiiue caei-
iii iaiai caeanue ia eniieuecoaony.

Aeaaiia i?e yoii ecaaaeaoue ioeaee a ii?aaeaeaiee aei-
noiaa?iinoe ?aaeoeee aeii?aoeaaaiiai ia aeaiiino?e?oa-
iue i?aaeiao eee aeieoiaio (i?e oneiaee aeinoiaa?iinoe e
OioiineiiaU eo naieo).

I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi e iciaeiieaiea aeii?aoeaaaiiai n
i?aaeiaoaie e aeieoiaioaie, iieo/aiiuie a oiaea I?I, aac
iauyniaiey eo i?ienoiaeaeaiey aiieia aeiionoeii. I?e yoii
oaeo oaeiai iciaeiieaiey a i?ioieiea io?aaeaoue iaiayca-
oaeueii, oae eae a niioaaonoaee n o?aaiaaieyie no. 1411 OIE.
a i?ioieiea aeii?ina ioia/aaony eeoue oaeo i?aaeuyaeaiey
aeieacaoaeuenoa.

I/aaeaeii, /oi i?aaeiaou e aeieoiaiou, iieo/aiiua iia-
?aoeaiui iooai, oaeiauie ia yaeythony aei aiaea/aiey eo a
oaieiaiue i?ioeann a niioaaonoaee n o?aaiaaieyie caeiia.

c 3. AeIEACAOAEUeNOAAIIIA CIA*AIEA

E NIINIAU AIAEA*AIEss A OAIEIAIUE I?IOeANN

I?AAeIAOIA E AeIEOIAIOIA, IIEO*AIIUO

A OIAeA IIA?AOEAII-?ICUNEIIE AeAssOAEUeIINOE

Aeaiiua i eeoeao, niaa?oeaoeo i?anooieaiea, eo naycyo,
aeaenoaeyo i?anooiieeia ii nie?uoeth i?anooieaiey e oie/-
oiaeaieth aeieacaoaeuenoa, aicaeaenoaeth ia naeaeaoaeae e ii-

‘ Aeoeia E. A., Ianoa?aiei I. Ae. Oaeoeea neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee.
Ieine, 1971. N. 87-89; Ea?iaaaa E. I., Aaneeueaa A. I. Oaeoeea aei-
i?ina. I., 1970. N.135-151; sseooei N. TH. Oaeoe/aneea i?eaiu i?e
?anneaaeiaaiee i?anooieaiee. Eacaiue, 1983. N. 71-90.

2 Ea?iaaaa E. I. Noaeaaiay yoeea e oaeoeea aeii?ina. Oeac noa-
ouey. N. 58.

109

oa?iaaoeo, ioiioaiee i?anooiieeia e niaeayiiiio, ianoa
iaoiaeaeaiey eioa?anothueo neaaenoaea i?aaeiaoia e aeieo-
iaioia e o. i., iieo/aiiua a oiaea I?Ae, ninoaaeytho oae
iacuaaaioth a?oiio “i?eaioe?othueo iaoa?eaeia”, eioi?ua
eniieuecothony i?e auai?a oaeoeee neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee.

Ia?yaeo n oaeiai ?iaea naaaeaieyie a iia?aoeaii-?icune-
iie aeayoaeueiinoe ia?aaeeeie ieacuaathony e neo/ae iieo/a-
iey i?aaeiaoia e aeieoiaioia (aauanoaaiiuo iauaeoia),
eioi?ua aiineaaenoaee iiaoo eiaoue aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiia
cia/aiea. I?aeoeea naeaeaoaeuenoaoao, /oi eae iia?oiieii-
ii/aiiua, oae e neaaeiaaoaee noaeeeaathony ni cia/eoaeue-
iuie o?oaeiinoyie a ii?aaeaeaiee niiniaia aiaea/aiey
yoeo iauaeoia a oaieiaiue i?ioeann. E aauanoaaiiui iau-
aeoai, eioi?ua iiaoo auoue eniieueciaaiu a oaieiaiii
i?ioeanna, iiaeii ioianoe eae i?aaeiaou e aeieoiaiou, ii-
eo/aiiua iia?aoeaiui ?aaioieeii i?aaiia aeiciaiey a
oiaea i?iaa?ee cayaeaiee e niiauaiee i i?anooieaieyo,
oae e aauanoaaiiua iauaeou, yaeyaoeany n?aaenoaaie ino-
uanoaeaiey i?anooieaiey eeai nio?aieaoea ia naaa aai
neaaeu.

Anee iaoa?eaeu ia?aie a?oiiu a iiiaio niaa?oaiey
i?anooieaiey, eae i?aaeei, ia nouanoaotho e a ecaanoiie
noaiaie yaeythony ?acoeueoaoii aeayoaeueiinoe iia?aoeaiiai
?aaioieea, oi i?aaeiaou e aeieoiaiou aoi?ie a?oiiu i?aae-
noaaeytho niaie iineaaenoaey i?anooiiie aeayoaeueiinoe,
O oae eae oi?ie?othony a oiaea aa inouanoaeaiey. Yoei e
i?aaeii?aaeaeythony oaeea ecaanoiua niiniau eo aiaea/aiey
a oaieiaiue i?ioeann, eae iauanoaaiiia aeieoiaioe?iaa-
iea, oaeoe/aneay iia?aoeey, ?aii?o iia?aoeaiiai ?aaioie-
ea.

Iauanoaaiiia aeieoiaioe?iaaiea’ naiaeeony e oiio, /oi
i?e iieo/aiee i?aaeiaoia e aeieoiaioia a oiaea I?Ae i?e-
ieiatho o/anoea iacaeioa?aniaaiiua eeoea (i?aaenoaaeoaee
iauanoaaiiinoe, aaeieieno?aoeee, a?aaeaeaia e ae?.). Ii aai
?acoeueoaoai iia?aoeaiue ?aaioiee ninoaaeyao ?aciiai
?iaea aeou (aeou iaaethaeaiee ca aeaenoaeyie eeoe, caiuo-
eythueo niaa?oaiea i?anooieaiey, aeou iiiaoie aeaiaa,
aeieoiaioia, iaoa?eaeia, aeou eiio?ieueiuo caeoiie, ioai-
?a ia?acoeia aac eo iauyaeaiey, aeou i?eiaiaiey oi-
oinuaiee, aeaeaicaiene e o. i.). Iniiaiay e aaeeinoaaiiay

‘ Naeoaaneee I. A. Nia?aiaiiua i?iaeaiu niae?aiey aeieacaoaeue-
noaaiiie eioi?iaoeee oaoie/aneeie n?aaenoaaie. A na.: Oai?ey e
i?aeoeea niae?aiey aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiie eioi?iaoeee oaoie/aneeie
n?aaenoaaie. Eeaa, 1980. N. 9-10.

110

oeaeue i?eieiaaiuo a yoii neo/aa ia? – i?iaa?eoue cayaea-
iey eee niiauaiey i iiaeaioaaeeaaaiuo i?anooieaieyo.
Oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiuie iniiaaieyie aeey oaeie aeay-
oaeueiinoe i?aaiia aeiciaiey yaeythony o?aaiaaiey no. no 3,
108, 109, 118, 119 OIE.

Ii oaeoeea i?iaaaeaiey, iniiaiui caaea/ai e eniieue-
coaiui iaoiaeai (iaaethaeaiea, ecia?aiea, oeenaoeey iaia-
?oaeaiiiai a niioaaonoaothuai aeieoiaioa) oeacaiiua aeae-
noaey iia?aoeaiiai ?aaioieea a cia/eoaeueiie ia?a iaii-
ieiatho iniio? ianoa i?ienoanoaey (no. 178 OIE),
i?iecaiaenoai eioi?iai ?ac?aoaii aei aicaoaeaeaiey oaieia-
iiai aeaea.

A nayce n oai, /oi iauaeoeaiay noi?iia iaeioi?uo
i?anooieaiee ia?aaeei neeaaeuaaaony ec oeaeiai ?yaea i?i-
oyaeaiiuo ai a?aiaie, a eiiaaea e ioiineoaeueii naiinoiy-
oaeueiuo aeaenoaee (ii aeaeai i oeuaieyo yoi iiaoo auoue:

nicaeaiea eceeoeia iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae; eo auaic;

?aaeecaoeey iioeuaiiiai; i?enaiaiea iieo/aiiuo a i?i-
oeanna oaeie ?aaeecaoeee aeaiaaeiuo noii; nie?uoea oeua-
iey a aeieoiaioao e o. i.), ianoi i?ienoanoaey iiaeao io-
aaouaaoue oa??eoi?eth i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai o/anoea, neeaae,
?aai/aa ianoi ?anoeoeoaey, ianoi ?aaeecaoeee iioeuaiii-
ai e o. ae. *oi aea eanaaony i?aaeeueiinoe auiieiyaiuo i?e
yoii iia?aoeaiui ?aaioieeii aeaenoaee, oi iia ii?aaeaey-
aony aeiionoeiinoueth aiaeiaee a oaieiaiii i?ioeanna, e?e-
oa?eyie eioi?ie aeieaeiu auoue:

a) niioaaonoaea aeaenoaee oeaeyi e caaea/ai oaieiaiiai
noaeii?iecaiaenoaa;

a) iaouaieaiea caeiiiuo i?aa e eioa?ania a?aaeaeai;

a) iaeii?iaeiinoue i?iaiaeeiuo ii aiaeiaee e i?aaeoniio-
?aiiuo a oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiii caeiia aeaenoaee’.

Eco/aiea aii?ina ia eniieueciaaiee ?acoeueoaoia ia-
uanoaaiiiai aeieoiaioe?iaaiey a ea/anoaa enoi/ieeia aei-
eacaoaeuenoa iieacaei, /oi ia i?aeoeea iie ?ac?aoathony
aanueia i?ioeai?a/eai.

Oae, cia/eoaeueiia /enei oaieiaiuo aeae i acyoi/ie-
/anoaa, iaoiaeeaoeony a i?iecaiaenoaa neaaeiaaoaeae i?ieo-
?aoo?u e IAAe Oe?aeineie NN?, auei i?ae?auaii ni
nnueeie ia iai?aaiia?iinoue aeaenoaee i?aaiia aeiciaiey

‘ I i?eiaiaiee aiaeiaee a oaieiaiii i?ioeanna ni.: No?iai-
ae/ I. N. Eo?n niaaoneiai oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna. O. 1. I., 1968. N. 56;

Eeaoeoe TH. Ae. E aii?ino i i?eiaiaiee oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiiai
caeiia ii aiaeiaee. – A na.: Niaa?oainoaiaaiea oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeue-
iie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiia aioo?aiieo aeae. I., 1984. N. 18-25.

Ill

ii eiio?ieth ca acyoi/ieeaie ‘(a o. /. n o/anoeai i?aaenoa-
aeoaeae iauanoaaiiinoe) aei aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiiiiai aea-
ea, ianiio?y ia auiiaaoaeuenoai acyoee e caaea?aeaiea
acyoeiiieo/aoaey n iiee/iui.

I?e eco/aiee yoiai aii?ina nio?oaeieeaie AIEE
IAAe NNN? onoaiiaeaii’, /oi aiaeiae/ii ioiinyony e ia-
oa?eaeai iauanoaaiiiai aeieoiaioe?iaaiey i?aaiu i?ieo-
?aoo?u e noaeu a ?yaea ae?oaeo ?aaeiiia. Iai?eia?, a 1988
aiaeo i?ieo?i?ii Eoeauoaaneie iaeanoe ia ooaa?aeaeaii
iaaeieoaeueiia caeeth/aiea ii aeaeo A. e N., iaaeiythueo-
ny ai acyoi/ie/anoaa, a nayce n iai?aaiia?iinoueth aeaeai-
caiene e oioia?aoe?iaaiey eo aeaenoaee aei aicaoaeaeaiey
oaieiaiiai aeaea. A 1989 aiaeo i?ieo?aoo?ie ai?iaea I?ae-
aeiieeeaeca i?ae?auaii oaieiaiia aeaei ii iaaeiaieth O. e
O., ianiio?y ia oi, /oi auiiaaoaeuenoai acyae^e auei ca-
oeene?iaaii n i?eiaiaieai caoeicaiene, @ ia?aaea/a acyo-
ee – iooai iiiaoee aeaiaa, iaia?oaeaiey i?aaeiaoa acyoee
i?e caaea?aeaiee n iiee/iui. Ia?a/aiue oaeeo i?eia?ia
iiaeii i?iaeieaeeoue. Iie oa?aeoa?iu ia oieueei aeey ?a-
ne?uoey e ?anneaaeiaaiey acyoi/ie/anoaa. A ?aaiie ia?a
oaeea i?iaeaiu aicieeatho (iiaoo aicieeiooue) i?eiaie-
oaeueii e ?ane?uoeth e ?anneaaeiaaieth oeuaiee, auiiaa-
oaeuenoaa, iioaiie/anoaa, oa?icu oaeenoaii, eeaaaou,
inei?aeaiee e o. ae.

I?e oaeeo ianoiyoaeuenoaao niaa?oaiii iaiiiyoii, eae
aiiaua iaania/eoue onoaiiaeaiea i?eciaeia i?anooieaiey,
iniiaiay /anoue eioi?uo au?aaeaaony aiaia a aa?aaeueiie
(neiaaniie) oi?ia (auiiaaoaeuenoai, oa?ica, inei?aeaiea
e o. ae.), ‘aaaeue aac eo iaee/ey iaaiciiaeii’ i?eiyoue ?aoa-
iea i aicaoaeaeaiee oaieiaiiai aeaea. A nayce n yoei oaeoth
i?aaiio?aieoaeueioth i?aeoeeo iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue eae
ioeoeeaeueiue ioeac a i?aainoaeee.

Aianoa n oai, i?aeoeea (a o./. noaeaaiie) ecaanoii ia-
iaei neo/aaa, eiaaea aeieoiaiou e iaoa?eaeu oioinuaiee,
aeaeai- e caoeicaiene, ninoaaeaiiua n o/anoeai i?aaenoaae-
oaeae iauanoaaiiinoe, eniieuecothony a aeieacuaaiee e i?e
iinoaiiaeaiee i?eaiai?a.

Iacaaiiay i?aeoeea eiaao ianoi a E?aniiaea?neii
e?aa, Eaoaeeneie NN?, Ea?aeueneie e Eaeiuoeeie ANN?,
Iineaa, Noaa?iiieueneii e?aa, Othiaineie, Oiineie, *a-
eyaeineie, Ia?ineie e ae?oaeo iaeanoyo.

Oae, a naioya?a 1985 aiaea ?aaioieee AONN OAAe Ai?i-

‘ Ni?aaea i i?aeoeea i?eiaiaiey iia?aoeaiie yaoei- e aeaeaica-
iene a ?ane?uoee acyoi/ie/anoaa. I., AIEE IAAe NNN?, 1989.

112

iaaeneiai iaeeniieeiia iieo/eee iia?aoeaiua aeaiiua i
oii, /oi a?oiia ?aaeci?ia eiio?ieueii-?aaeceiiiie neoae-
au auiiaaao e iieo/aao acyoee n aiaeeoaeae iaaeaeoai?iae-
iuo aaoiaonia ca nie?uoea i?iaica aacaeeaoiuo iannaaee-
?ia.

N oeaeueth i?iaa?ee iieo/aiiuo aeaiiuo auei i?aaieci-
aaii iaaethaeaiea ca aeaenoaeyie ?aaeci?ia n o/anoeai ia-
caeioa?aniaaiiuo eeoe. Oiae e ?acoeueoaou iaaethaeaiey
oeene?iaaeenue n iiiiuueth aeaeaicaiene, a oaeaea a aeieoiai-
oa, eioi?ue aue iacaai aeoii. Iaeiia?aiaiii n aeaeaica-
ienueth i?iaiaeeeinue oioia?aoe?iaaiea. A oaieiaiii aeaea1
eiathony ?aii?o iia?aoeaiiai ?aaioieea i i?iaaaeaiiii
ia?ii?eyoee, aeo e ienueii ?oeiaiaeeoaey iiae?acaeaeaiey
AONN a aae?an neaaeiaaoaey n i?inueaie i?eiaueoue iaoa-
?eaeu e oaieiaiiio aeaeo.

Ianiio?y ia oi, /oi aeaeaicaienue e aeieoiaio i aa i?i-
aaaeaiee eiaee “e?aoei-i?a?uaiue oa?aeoa?” e auee iiae-
aioiaeaiu n ionooieaieai io o?aaeeoeeiiiuo e?eieiaeenoe-
/aneeo ?aeiiaiaeaoeee, neaaeiaaoaeue, a ca iei e Ai?iiaaen-
eee iaeanoiie noae i?eciaee ca oeacaiiuie iaoa?eaeaie
aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiia cia/aiea e oeacaee eo a i?eaiai?a.

A oaieiaiii aeaea eiathony oaeaea aeou iaaethaeaiee ca
aeaenoaeyie aiaeeoaeae aaoiaonia, eioi?ua oe?uaaee io
o/aoa au?o/eo, iieo/aiioth io aacaeeaoiuo iannaaee?ia.

I?aaenaaeaoaeuenoaothuee i?e ?anniio?aiee aeaea a noaea
a aanaaea cayaee aaoi?o, /oi aeaeaicaienue eniieueciaaeanue a
noaea aeey ii?iaa?aeaiey iieacaiee iiaenoaeeiuo. Iineaae-
iea cayaeee, /oi iie ia ia?ooaee ii?yaeie i?iaa?ee ae-
eaoia e acyoie ia a?aee, oioy ec i?iniio?a aeaeaicaiene
neaaeiaae i?ioeaiiieiaeiue auaiae. I iieo/aiee acyoie
naeaeaoaeuenoaiaaea e acaeiiiaoneiaeaiiinoue aeaenoaee ?a-
aeci?ia e aiaeeoaeae.

Eco/aiea aeieoiaioia (aeoia, i?ioieieia, ?aii?oia),
ninoaaeaiiuo a ?acoeueoaoa iauanoaaiiiai aeieoiaioe?iaa-
iey, iieacaei, /oi aieueoeinoao ec ieo i?enoua a?oiia
oeie/iuo iaaeinoaoeia, iaee/ea eioi?uo iiaeeyei ia ?a-
oaiea aii?ina ia eo aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiii cia/aiee.

E eo /eneo iiaeii ioianoe neaaeothuea:

1) a aeieoiaioa, eae i?aaeei, ia iienuaathony iaaeth-
aeaaiua aeaenoaey (iieaaaynue, ii-aeaeeiiio, ia oaoie/aneea
n?aaenoaa oeenaoeee) a oie iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe, a eaeie
iie eiaee ianoi;

‘ A?oea Ai?iiaaeneiai iaeanoiiai noaea. Oaieiaiia aeaei
? 85153900, O

8 Caeac 5297

113

2) ia oaoie/aneeo iineoaeyo ia oeene?othony aeaenoaey
a?oiiu iaaethaeaiey (aa ninoaa a ia/aea e a’ eiioea iaaeth-
aeaiey, eiiiaioa?ee ii iiaiaeo i?ienoiaeyuaai, inoaiiaee
a caiene e o. ae.);

3) anee iaaethaeaiea caaa?oaaony caaea?aeaieai iiaeic-
?aaaaiiai, oi yoio aaaeiaeoee iiiaio, a oaeaea aeaenoaey
a?oiiu caoaaoa, iauyniaiey caaea?aeaiiiai ia oeene?otho-
ny, /oi a aeaeueiaeoai aeaao aiciiaeiinoue i?anooiieeai aa-
ciniiaaoaeueii iaaeiyoue ?aaioieeia ieeeoeee a iacaeiiiuo
aeaenoaeyo;

4) aeaeaicaienue aanueia /anoi ia eiaao “ie eiioea, ie
ia/aea”. A aeieoiaioa ia?aaeei ia io?aaeathony naaaeaiey i
i?iniio?a aeaeai- e caoeicaiene, aa iia/aouaaiee, ianoa
o?aiaiey e o. ae.

Aieaa /ai iieiaeia eco/aiiuo aaoi?ii aeoia iaaethaea-
iey e eniieueciaaiey oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa, i?eciaiiuo no-
aeaie a ea/anoaa aeieacaoaeuenoa, auee i?enoue (a ?aciie.
noaiaie) oeacaiiua iaaeinoaoee1. I/aaeaeii, /oi eo ono?aia-
iea iicaieeei au niyoue aieueoeinoai aii?inia i aeieacaoa-
euenoaaiiii cia/aiee iaoa?eaeia iauanoaaiiiai aeieoiai-
oe?iaaiey.

Ia neo/aeii, /oi aieaa 90% ec 210 ii?ioaiiuo n o/an-
oeai aaoi?a neaaeiaaoaeae, iia?aoeaiuo ?aaioieeia, i?ieo-
?i?ia e noaeae i?eciatho aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiia cia/aiea oii-
iyioouo auoa aeoia e eniieuecotho eo a ea/anoaa enoi/ie-
eia aeieacaoaeuenoa i?e aeieacuaaiee aeiu ?anoeoeoaeae,
acyoi/ieeia, niaeoeyioia e ae?oaeo i?anooiieeia. O/anoea
iacaeioa?aniaaiiuo eeoe iiauoaao aeinoiaa?iinoue iieo/aa-
iie eioi?iaoeee, i?aaeoi?aaeaeaao ia?ooaiey caeiiiinoe e
aeaao aiciiaeiinoue a iineaaeothuai aeii?ineoue oaeeo eeoe a
ea/anoaa naeaeaoaeae.

Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi ?ani?ino?aiaiiia iiaiea ia iay-
caoaeueiii o/anoee i?aaenoaaeoaeae iauanoaaiiinoe a i?i-
aiaeeiuo aei aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea aeaenoaeyo i?aa-
iia aeiciaiey enoi?e/anee iaoneiaeaii. Neaaenoaaiii-noaea-
aiua ?ai?annee ia?eiaea eoeueoa ee/iinoe, iniiaaiiua ia-
?aaeei ia iai?ioeannoaeueiuo aeaiiuo (aeiiinu, aiiieiiua
naaaeaiey, iia?aoeaiay eioi?iaoeey), a eiiaaea e ia ioe?i-
aaiiii i?iecaiea aucaaee iaaeiaa?ea i?aeoe/anee ei anai
aeaenoaeyi iia?aoeaiiai ?aaioieea.

‘ Aeey n?aaiaiey a i?eeiaeaiee i?eaaaeaiu: aeo iaaethaeaiey ca
aeaenoaeyie acyoi/ieeia ii oaieiaiiio aeaeo ? 85153900; i?eia?iue
aeieoiaio (ia?acaoe), eioi?ue i?aaeeaaaaony aaoi?ii,

114

Neiaeeeanue ia?aaeienaeueiay neooaoeey, eiaaea ainoaea?n-
oai (a eeoea noaea) aieueoa aeiaa?yao a?aaeaeaieio, iiaeic?a-
aaaiiio, iaaeiyaiiio, iiaenoaeeiiio, /ai naiaio aea i?aae-
noaaeoaeth.

Iaaeaeo oai a noaeao AAe? i?eciaaaeanue aeiionoeiie a
ea/anoaa aeieacaoaeuenoaa ni?aaea ?aaioieea iieeoeee i ?a-
coeueoaoao iaaethaeaiey ca aeaenoaeyie i?anooiieea, oae eae
“?a/ue eaeao ia ioeoeeaeueiii aeieoiaioa, enoiaeyuai io iaea-
/aiiiai aeiaa?eai aeieaeiinoiiai eeoea”‘-

E /eneo iniiaiuo enoi/ieeia aeieacaoaeuenoa a noaeaaiie
i?aeoeea NOA ioiinyony iieacaiey iieeoeaeneeo, iniiaai-
iua ia eniieueciaaiee inaaaeiieoaeae, ia?oaeiii iaaethaea-
iee e ninoaaeaiee ?aii?oia- I?e yoii a oaieiaii-i?ioean-
noaeueiie iaoea oaeoe/anee ionoonoaoao aeaeaiea niiniaia
aeieacuaaiey ia i?ioeannoaeueiua e iai?ioeannoaeueiua2.

I/aaeaeii, /oi noaeaaiay i?aeoeea NOA enoiaeeo ec i?a-
coiioeee aeia?iii?yaei/iinoe e iaia?ooaiey caeiia iiee-
oeaeneeie, a nayce n /ai ia o?aaoao “ianoaaeyoue” eaaeaeia
aai aeaenoaea iiiyouie eeai ae?oaeie iacaeioa?aniaaiiu-
ie eeoeaie.

Oa?aeoa?ii a nayce n yoei, /oi iaycaoaeueiui o/anoea
i?aaenoaaeoaeae iauanoaaiiinoe a aeieoiaioe?iaaiee aeae-
noaee i?anooiieeia i?eciatho oieueei 40% ii?ioaiiuo aa-
oi?ii i?ieo?i?ia e 35% noaeae.

A /enea iieo/aiiuo aia oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna i?aaeia-
oia e aeieoiaioia, eniieuecoaiuo i?e ?anneaaeiaaiee i?a-
nooieaiee, iacaaiiua aeou, eae iieacaei eco/aiea, ioii-
nyony e iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiui enoi/ieeai aeieaca-
oaeuenoa. Iie oe?iei eniieuecothony, a /anoiinoe, aeey
aeieacuaaiey auaica (aaica) iiaeaioiaeaiiuo e oeuaieth
eceeoeia, i?iaeaaee iao/oaiiie i?iaeoeoeee, aea/e-iieo/a-
iey acyoee, eciaiaiey aooaaeoa?neeo aeieoiaioia, auiiaa-
oaeuenoaa e ae?. I?eiaiyaiua a oaeeo neo/ayo oaoie/aneea
n?aaenoaa (oioinuaiea, aeaeaicaienue) nicaeatho iniaaiii
aeaaii?eyoiua aiciiaeiinoe aeey iiae?iaiie e iaaeyae-
iie oeenaoeee aeaenoaee eeoe, caiuoeythueo, iiaeaioaaee-
aathueo e niaa?oathueo i?anooieaiey.

Aieueoay /anoue iieo/aiiuo i?e yoii iaoa?eaeia iie-
iinoueth ioaa/aao o?aaiaaieyi, i?aaeuyaeyaiui e oaeei
enoi/ieeai aeieacaoaeuenoa, eae eiua aeieoiaiou (no. no. 69,

‘ Ieiueeianeee A. I. Oeac. noaouey. N. 110-116.

2 Aonaeia A. I. Iauay oa?aeoa?enoeea iieeoeaeneie oaeoeee
NOA. A na.: Oai?aoe/aneea i?iaeaiu e?eieiaeenoe/aneie oaeoeee.
Naa?aeeiane, 1981. N. 132-136.

8* 115

88 OIE), iineieueeo ianoiyoaeuenoaa, eiathuea cia/aiea
aeey aeaea, eceiaeaiu e oaeinoiaa?aiu a?aaeaeaiaie e niio-
aaonoaothueie aeieaeiinoiuie eeoeaie (i?aaenoaaeoaeyie
i?aaiia aeiciaiey).

Aiineaaenoaee oaeea iaoa?eaeu, a caaeneiinoe io niini-
aa io?aaeaiey eioi?iaoeee (iienaiea eee iaiin?aaenoaai-
iia io?aaeaiea i?eciaeia i?anooieaiey), iiaoo auoue i?e-
ciaiu e aauanoaaiiuie aeieacaoaeuenoaaie (no. 83 OIE).

Iauanoaaiiia aeieoiaioe?iaaiea, eae i?aaeei, i?eiaiy-
aony aeey aaiaea a oaieiaiue i?ioeann i?aaeiaoia e aeieoiai-
oia, iieo/aiiuo i?aaiaie aeiciaiey a oiaea iia?aoeaii-
?icuneiie aeayoaeueiinoe.

Oaeoe/aneoth iia?aoeeth iau/ii ii?aaeaeytho eae niai-
eoiiinoue iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia? e neaaenoaaiiuo aeae-
noaee, iauaaeeiaiiuo iauae oeaeueth’. Eae niinia aiaea/aiey
a oaieiaiue i?ioeann iieo/aiiuo a oiaea I?I i?aaeiaoia e
aeieoiaioia iia i?aaeiieaaaao eii?aeeie?iaaiea iia?aoea-
ii-?icuneiuo ia? e neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee eae ia noaaeee
ieaie?iaaiey, oae e a i?ioeanna eo i?iaaaeaiey. Iio?aa-
iinoue a iae aicieeaao a neo/ayo, eiaaea ianoiiaoiaeaeaiea
eioa?anothueo neaaenoaea aauanoaaiiuo iauaeoia oaea on-
oaiiaeaii iia?aoeaiui ?aaioieeii a oiaea I?I, a neaaei-
aaoaeth aua i?aaenoieo oaeoe/anee e i?ioeannoaeueii a?aiio-
ii iaia?oaeeoue e ecuyoue eneiiia, /oi e i?aaeii?aaeaeyao
iaiaoiaeeiinoue eii?aeeiaoeee.

A i?ioeannoaeueiii ioiioaiee oaeoe/aneay iia?aoeey aa-
ce?oaony ia aaeeinoaa oeaeae i?aaiia aeiciaiey e neaaenoaey
(no. no. 2, 3 OIE), iaycaiiinoe i?aaiia aeiciaiey oaaaei-
ieyoue neaaeiaaoaey i ?acoeueoaoao iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo
ia? (no. no. 119, 127 OIE), inouanoaeaiiuo eae naiinoi-
yoaeueii, oae e ii eieoeeaoeaa neaaeiaaoaey, i?aaa neaaeiaa-
oaey o?aaiaaoue io i?aaiia aeiciaiey niaeaenoaey i?e i?iec-
aiaenoaa neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee (no. 127 OIE), aeeth/ay
ia oieueei io?aio niioaaonoaothuaai ianoa, iaaethaeaiea ca
aeaenoaeyie i?enoonoaothueo eeoe, ii e iaania/aiea neaaei-
aaoaey eioi?iaoeeae i ianoiiaoiaeaeaiee iiaeeaaeaueo ecu-
yoeth i?aaeiaoia e aeieoiaioia.

Oaeoe/aneay iia?aoeey, eae i?aaeei, i?eiaiyaony aeey

‘ Ni., iai?.: Aeoeia A. A. I ?ac?aaioea oaeoe/aneeo iia?aoeee
i?e ?anneaaeiaaiee i?anooieaiee. A na.: 60 eao niaaoneie i?ieo?aoo-
?u e i?iaeaiu niaa?oainoaiaaiey i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai neaaenoaey. E.,
1972. N. 23-26; Oeeaiia A. E. Oaeoe/aneay iia?aoeey eae aaaeiae-
oee no?oeoo?iue yeaiaio neaaenoaaiiie oaeoeee e iaeia ec oi?i
nio?oaeie/anoaa i?aaiia neaaenoaey e aeiciaiey. A na.: I?iaeaiu ni-
aaoneiai ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa. E?eoone, 1976. N. 33-46.

116

: aaiaea a oaieiaiue i?ioeann i?aaeiaoia e aeieoiaioia, yaea-
oeony ?acoeueoaoii i?anooiiie aeayoaeueiinoe.

I?e ia?aaea/a neaaeiaaoaeth i?aaeiaoia e aeieoiaioia,
iieo/aiiuo a oiaea I?Ae, iia?aoeaiui ?aaioieeii ia?aae-
ei ninoaaeyaony ?aii?o. Ia iaiaoiaeeiinoue aai ninoaaea-
iey oeacaee 48% ec /enea ii?ioaiiuo iia?aoeaiuo ?a-
aioieeia, 52% neaaeiaaoaeae, 85% i?ieo?i?ia e 53% no-
aeae. I?e eniieueciaaiee a i?ioeanna ?anneaaeiaaiey iieo-
/aiiuo a oiaea I?Ae i?aaeiaoia e aeieoiaioia ?aii?o nin-
oaaeyeny a 43% eco/aiiuo neo/aaa.

E yoiio niiniao iau/ii i?eaaaatho i?e iaaiciiaeiinoe
i?eiaieoue aeaa i?aaeuaeoueo (iauanoaaiiia aeieoiaioe?i-
aaiea eee oaeoe/aneoth iia?aoeeth) eeai ia?yaeo n iei.
I?ioeannoaeueiua iniiaaiey ninoaaeaiey ?aii?oa, iiieii
iacaaiiuo auoa, aeeth/atho aua e i?aaeea no. 70 /. 2 OIE,
eioi?uie i?aaeoniio?aia aiciiaeiinoue i?aaenoaaeaiey aei-
eacaoaeuenoa iaaeiyaiui, caueoieeii, iaaeieoaeai, a oae-
aea iioa?iaaoei, a?aaeaeaineei enooeii, a?aaeaeaineei io-
aao/eeii, eo i?aaenoaaeoaeyie, ethauie a?aaeaeaiaie, i?aae-
‘O i?eyoeyie, o/?aaeaeaieyie, i?aaiecaoeeyie, a /enea eioi-
?uo, anoanoaaiii, iiaeao auoue e iia?oiieiiii/aiiue, e
i?aaiu aeiciaiey.

?aii?o iia?aoeaiiai ?aaioieea ia eneeth/aao ninoaa-
eaiea neaaeiaaoaeai i?ioieiea i i?eiyoee i?aaenoaaeai-
iuo i?aaiaie aeiciaiey i?aaeiaoia e aeieoiaioia, iiaoueo
auoue aiineaaenoaee aauanoaaiiuie aeieacaoaeuenoaaie. N
yoei iiaieai nieeaea?iu 70% ii?ioaiiuo i?ieo?i?ia e
43% noaeae. Aeey i?eiauaiey e oaieiaiiio aeaeo i?aaenoaa-
eaiiuo iia?aoeaiui ?aaioieeii aeieoiaioia (no. 88 OIE)
iaiaoiaeeiinoe a ninoaaeaiee oaeiai i?ioieiea iao. A ?a-
ii?oa iia?aoeaiiai ?aaioieea aeinoaoi/ii oeacaoue ia nai
oaeo iieo/aiey i?aaeiaoia e aeieoiaioia a niioaaonoaee n
o?aaiaaieyie no. 118 OIE, ia ?ane?uaay i?e yoii niini-
aia, ii?yaeea e oneiaee eo iieo/aiey.

Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi aii?in i aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiii cia-
/aiee aauanoaaiiuo iauaeoia, iieo/aiiuo aia oaieiaiiai
i?ioeanna, a oai?ee aeieacaoaeuenoa e i?aeoe/aneie aeayoaeue-
iinoe (?ac?aoaaony aanueia i?ioeai?a/eai. Ii iaiin?aaeno-
aaiii naycai n aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiui cia/aieai iaoa?eaeia
i?eiaiaiey oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa i?e i?iecaiaenoaa neaaeno-
aaiiuo aeaenoaee.

Ia aoi?aaynue a iiae?iaiue aiaeec ioaeeeaoeee ii yoiio
aii?ino, ioiaoei neaaeothuea ioi?aaiua iiceoeee.

1. Iaoa?eaeu oioinuaiee, caoeicaiene, eeiinuaiee,
ecaioiaeaiiua i?e i?iaaaeaiee neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee a

117

niioaaonoaee ni no. 141[ OIE, eiatho noaoon i?eeiaeaiey e
i?ioieieo neaaenoaaiiiai aeaenoaey.

2. Niaea?aeaiea eioi?iaoeee, caoeene?iaaiiie ia oao-
ie/aneeo iineoaeyo, iaecia?eii oe?a eae n Oi/ee c?aiey
iauaia, oae e n oi/ee c?aiey niaea?aeaiey, niaieoiiinoe
naaaeaiee, niaea?aeaueony a i?ioieiea.

3. Neaaenoaaiiay e noaeaaiay i?aeoeea eniieuecoao a aei-
eacuaaiee naaaeaiey, caoeene?iaaiiua ia oaoie/aneeo ii-
neoaeyo (oioia?aoee, oiiia?aiia, aeaeaicaienue, eeiinuai-
ea e i?.), ianiio?y ia oi, /oi iie ia io?aaeaiu a i?ioi-
eiea.

4. Auneacaiiua a eeoa?aoo?a iiaiey i aeieacaoaeuenoaai-
iii cia/aiee oeacaiiuo iaoa?eaeia aa?uee?othony io iai-
niiaaiey iaoeaeaniia?aciinoe eaeeo-eeai eciaiaiee aei
i?eciaiey ca oaeeie iaoa?eaeaie noaoona naiinoiyoaeue-
iuo enoi/ieeia aeieacaoaeuenoa e i?eiauaiey eo ia e i?i-
oieieo, a e oaieiaiiio aeaeo.

Iineaaeiyy oi/ea c?aiey i?aaenoaaeyaony aieaa i?aaeeue-
iie. Aiaeiae/ii ?aoaaony oeacaiiay i?iaeaia a ?yaea
ca?oaaaeiuo nioeeaeenoe/aneeo no?ai. Oae, a OIE I?A
(no. 111), OIE Eoau (no. 145) ?acoeueoaou i?eiaiaiey ia-
o/ii-oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa (ION) oeacaiu a /enea enoi/ie-
eia aeieacaoaeuenoa, i i?eiaiaiee ION iiaeao auoue ninoaa-
eai naiinoiyoaeueiue i?ioieie (no. 113 OIE I?A), a ia-
oa?eaeu i?eiauathony e aeaeo, a ia e i?ioieieo neaaenoaai-
iiai aeaenoaey (no. 11 OIE I?A).

Iacaaiiua ianoiyoaeuenoaa oeacuaatho ia eneeth/eoaeue-
ioth aaaeiinoue e i?ia?anneaiue oa?aeoa? oaoie/aneeo
n?aaenoa oeenaoeee, a nayce n /ai i/aaeaeii, /oi. oaeea nii-
niau oeenaoeee (‘a o. /. e aei aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea
i?e i?iaa?ea cayaeaiee e niiauaiee i i?anooieaieyo
eeai iaiin?aaenoaaiiii iaia?oaeaiee i?eciaeia i?anooi-
eaiey) iieo/ao ?ani?ino?aiaiea a aeaeueiaeoai.

A yoie nayce ia?niaeoeaiu i?aaeeiaeaiey i aaaaeaiee a
oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiia caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai iauae ii?iu
i oeaeyo e iniiaiuo i?aaeeao i?eiaiaiey ION aeey auya-
eaiey, ?ane?uoey, ?anneaaeiaaiey e ?ac?aoaiey oaieiaiuo
aeae i i?anooieaieyo.

A /anoiinoe, a ianoiyuaa a?aiy a Aa?oiaiue Niaao
NNN?, a niioaaonoaee n ?aoaieai II Nuacaea ia?iaeiuo aea-
iooaoia NNN?, aianaiu i?aaeeiaeaiey i i?eciaiee aeieaca-
oaeuenoaaiiiai cia/aiey ca ?acoeueoaoaie iia?aoeaii-?icu-
neiuo ia?, ii?yaeea i?ineooeaaiey oaeaoiiiuo ia?aaiai-
?ia, eioi?ua, ii iiaieth aaoi?a, caneoaeeaatho any/aneie
iiaeaea?aeee e aeieaeiu auoue iacaiaaeeeoaeueii i?eiyou.

118

E?iia oiai, a th?eaee/aneie eeoa?aoo?a auneacuaaaony
iiaiea, niaeanii eioi?iio aeii?in eeoea (a oii /enea e
iia?aoeaiiai ?aaioieea), i?aaenoaaeaoaai neaaeiaaoaeth
i?aaeiao eee aeieoiaio, iaycaoaeai aeey onoaiiaeaiey ia-
noiyoaeuenoa iieo/aiey i?aaenoaaeaiiiai, ii?aaeaeaiey aai
aeiionoeiinoe, ioiineiinoe e aeinoiaa?iinoe niaea?aeaueony
a iai naaaeaiee1. Oaeay oi/ea c?aiey, ii-aeaeeiiio, naycaia
n oai, /oi iiae enoi/ieeii aauanoaaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa ii-
ieiathony eeoea, eioi?ua eo iaia?oaeeee eee i?aaenoaaeee2,
n /ai niaeaneoueny iaeuecy. Iineoaee eioi?iaoeee (aauue,

i?aaeiao, aeieoiaio), iaoiaeyueany ca ?aieaie oaieiaiiai
i?ioeanna, ioee/athony io aauanoaaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa eiai-
ii oai, /oi a iineaaeiai neo/aa iaoa?eaeueiue iauaeo iea-
cuaaaony i?eaea/aiiui a oaieiaiue i?ioeann a i?aaeoniio-
?aiiii caeiiii ii?yaeea, a ii (yoio ii?yaeie) ia i?aaeonia-
o?eaaao iaycaoaeueiiai aeii?ina eeoe, eioi?ua eo iaia?oaee-
ee ee i?aaenoaaeee. Anee aea oaeie aeii?in inouanoaeyaony,
oi aicieeaao ae?oaie enoi/iee aeieacaoaeuenoa – iieacaiey.
Iaeeoei, neaaeiaaoaeueii, aeaa ?aciuo enoi/ieea aeieaca-
oaeuenoa: iieacaiey eeoe ii iiaiaeo i?aaenoaaeaiiuo aaua-
noaaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa e naie aauanoaaiiua aeieacaoaeue-
noaa.

Iiaiea i iaiaoiaeeiinoe aeii?ina i?aaenoaaeaoaai iau-
aeo eeoea auneacaii e A. Caaeeoeeei. Iineaaeiee ?anniao?e-
aaao o?aaiaaiea caeiia ia onoaiiaeaiee enoi/ieea inaa-
aeiieaiiinoe (ii aiaeiaee n o?aaiaaieyie no. no. 74, 75
OIE) ia ana aeieacaoaeuenoaa, a oii /enea e ia aauanoaai-
iua3. Ooaa?aeaeaaony oaeaea, /oi aac aeii?ina oaeiai eeoea
i?aaenoaaeaiiue iauaeo ia eiaao ieeaeiai aeieacaoaeuenoaai-
iiai cia/aiey4.

Oaeie iiaeoiae ?aaiicia/ai aaaaeaieth a iiiyoea aauano-
aaiiiai aeieacaoaeuenoaa aeiiieieoaeueiiai i?eciaea, aeey
/aai oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiue caeii ia aeaao iniiaaiee,
iineieueeo i?aaeoniao?eaaao ?yae neo/aaa, eiaaea o/anoiee
i?ioeanna, i?aaenoaaeaoee oio eee eiie iauaeo, ia iiaeao

‘ Ni., iai?.: Oaoa?ei A. N. I niiniaao niae?aiey aeieacaoaeuenoa
a oaieiaiii i?ioeanna/U?aaiaaaeaiea. 1964. ? 2. N. 71; Oaaa-
eei A. A. Aeieoiaioaeueiay oeenaoeey e oi?ie?iaaiea aeieacaoaeuenoa.
A na.. Oai?aoe/aneea i?iaeaiu e?eieiaeenoe/aneie oaeoeee. Naa?ae-
eiane, 1981. N. 128.

2 Aei?ioia A. ss. Iiiyoea enoi/ieea aeieacaoaeuenoa. A ei.: Aeoo-
aeueiua i?iaeaiu aeieacuaaiey a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. I.,
1981. N. 9.

3 Caaeeoeeee A. Enoi/ieee inaaaeiieaiiinoe a oaieiaii-i?ioeanno-
aeueiii aeieacuaaiee//Nia. thnoeoeey. 1983. ? 8. N. 6-a.

4 Oaoa?ei A. N. Oeac. ni/. N. 71.

119

auoue aeii?ioai aeey iauyniaiey aai i?ienoiaeaeaiey. Yoi
iiaeao i?iecieoe a neaaeothueo neooaoeeyo:

a) anee iaaeiyaiui (iiaeic?aaaaiui) i?aaenoaaeai
i?aaeiao (aeieoiaio), ii?aaaeuaathuee aai. I?e ionoonoaee
ineoieiae/aneiai eiioaeoa iaaeaeo neaaeiaaoaeai e iaaeiy-
aiui iineaaeiee, ?aaeecoy i?aaeinoaaeaiiua aio no. 46 OIE
i?aaa, iiaeao ioeacaoueny io aea/e iieacaiee ii iiaiaeo
i?aaenoaaeaiiiai;

a) anee caueoieeii (i?aaenoaaeoaeai) i?aaenoaaeaiu
i?aaeiaou e aeieoiaiou, iieo/aiiua io iaaeiyaiiai. Ni-
aeanii no. 72 OIE ie caueoiee iaaeiyaiiai, ie i?aaenoa-
aeoaeue ia iiaoo auoue aeii?ioaiu ia ianoiyoaeuenoaao, ei-
oi?ua noaee ei ecaanoiu a nayce n auiieiaieai iaycai-
iinoae caueoieea eee inouanoaeaieai ooieoeee i?aaenoa-
aeoaey;

a) anee iauaeo i?aaenoaaeai eeoeii, eioi?ia aiineaaeno-
aee i?eciaii ianiiniaiui i?aaeeueii aini?eieiaoue ianoi-
yoaeuenoaa e aeaaaoue i ieo i?aaeeueiua iieacaiey (no. 72
OIE);

a) eeoei, i?aaenoaaeaoaa iauaeo eeai o/anoaiaaaoaa a
aai iaia?oaeaiee, ia iiaeao auoue aeii?ioaii a neeo ?aciuo
i?e/ei (nia?oue, iaecaanoiinoue ianoiiaoiaeaeaiey, auacae ca
a?aieoeo e o. ae. ).

I/aaeaeii, /oi e naeaeaoaeue, neo/aeii iaia?oaeeaoee ea-
eie-eeai i?aaeiao, a?yae ee iiaeao ieacaoue neaaeiaaoaeth
iiiiuue a onoaiiaeaiee i?ienoiaeaeaiey yoiai i?aaeiaoa
(eneeth/ay, eiia/ii, neo/ae, eiaaea nai oaeo iaia?oaeaiey
i?aaeiaoa a ii?aaeaeaiiii ianoa eiaao aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiia
cia/aiea).

Ai anao ia?a/eneaiiuo neo/ayo ionoonoaoao aiciiae-
iinoue ii?aaeaeeoue i?ienoiaeaeaiea aauanoaaiiiai iauaeoa,
eiay a aeaeo aanue iooue aai aeaeaeaiey io aicieeiiaaiey aei
iiyaeaiey a oaieiaiii i?ioeanna, /oi, iaeiaei, ia aeaao inii-
aaiee aeey i?eciaiey i?aaenoaaeaiiuo i?aaeiaoia iaaeiion-
oeiuie. Eo ioiineiinoue e aeaeo e aeinoiaa?iinoue niaea?aea-
ueony a ieo naaaeaiee ii?aaeaeythony n iiiiuueth ae?oaeo
(iiieii aeii?ina) i?ioeannoaeueiuo aeaenoaee (iniio?, ye-
nia?oeca, iiiciaiea e ae?.). Eia/a aiai?y, ioiineiinoue aei-
eacaoaeuenoaa ii?aaeaeyaony caeanue iooai aeieacuaaiey aai
“oiaeaeanoaa” n i?anooiiui niauoeai e aeaenoaeyie ii?aaea-
eaiiiai eeoea, ieioy iin?aaenoaaiiua caaiuey a oi?ie?i-
aaiee aeieacaoaeuenoaa.

Aiaeiae/iui ia?acii (aac aeii?ina iia?aoeaiiai ?a-
aioieea e aac oeacaiey enoi/ieeia e niiniaia iieo/aiey)
neaaeoao ?aoaoue e aii?in i aiciiaeiinoe eniieueciaaiey a

120

ea/anoaa aeieacaoaeuenoa i?aaeiaoia e aeieoiaioia, iieo/ai-
iuo a oiaea I?I e i?aaenoaaeaiiuo i?aaiii aeiciaiey nea-
aeiaaoaeth a niioaaonoaee n o?aaiaaieyie no. 70 /. 2 OIE.

Caeanue aicieeaao aii?in i aiciiaeiinoe i?iaa?ee caeii-
iinoe aeaenoaee nio?oaeieea i?aaiia aeiciaiey.

Iaeia oaeay aiciiaeiinoue oaea iacuaaeanue-o/anoea
i?aaenoaaeoaeae iauanoaaiiinoe a oiaea iaaethaeaiey ca aeae^
noaeyie i?aaeiieaaaaiiai i?anooiieea e eo iineaaeothuee
aeii?in,

Ae?oaie oaeie aiciiaeiinoueth aeieaeiu auoue, e niaeaea-
ieth, iaei eniieuecoaiua a aeayoaeueiinoe neaaeiaaoaeae e
noaeia, i?aaeoniio?aiiua no. no. 211 e 248 OIE i?aaa i?ieo-
?i?a i?iaa?youe aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaiia aeiciaiey (eno?aai-
aaoue oaieiaiua aeaea, aeieoiaiou, iaoa?eaeu e eiua naaaea-
iey i niaa?oaiiuo i?anooieaieyo’) e aeaaaoue caeeth/aiey
ii aicieeathuei a noaea aii?inai.

Iciaeiieaoenue, ii aeaeiaa o/anoieea oaieiaiiai i?i-
oeanna eeai ii ?aoaieth noaea, n iia?aoeaiuie iaoa?eaeaie,
i?ieo?i? iiaeao aeaoue caeeth/aiea i caeiiiinoe eeai iaca-
eiiiinoe aeaenoaee iia?aoeaiiai ?aaioieea. Anee, a niio-
aaonoaee n caeeth/aieai i?ieo?i?a, aeaenoaey i?aaiia aeic-
iaiey iacaeiiiu, oi i?aaenoaaeaiiue i?aaeiao ia eniieueco-
aony a aeieacuaaaoe. Anee aea iie caeiiiu, a ?ane?uoue
enoi/ieee e niiniau iieo/aiey aauanoaaiiiai iauaeoa
iaeuecy, oi i?aaeiao enneaaeoaony a oaieiaiii i?ioeanna n ii-
iiuueth ae?oaeo (iiieii aeii?ina iia?aoeaiiai ?aaioieea)
i?ioeannoaeueiuo n?aaenoa.

Oaeei ia?acii, e?eoa?eai aeiionoeiinoe i?aaeiaoia e
aeieoiaioia, iieo/aiiuo aia oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna (a oii
/enea e a oiaea I?Ae), i?aaenoaaeaiiuo neaaeiaaoaeth e i?e-
iyouo ei a niioaaonoaee n i?aaeeaie no. 70 /. 2 OIE, ya-
eyaony ia aeii?in eeoe, i?aaenoaaeaoeo aauanoaaiiua iauae-
ou, a i?iaa?yaiinoue i?aaenoaaeaiiiai n iiiiuueth ae?oaeo
i?ioeannoaeueiuo aeaenoaee. Iineaaeiea ainiieiytho i?iaae
a i?ioeannoaeueiii ii?yaeea oi?ie?iaaiey aeieacaoaeuenoa
aauiiai, i?aaeiaoiiai oa?aeoa?a e a ecaanoiii niunea ca-
iaiytho i?ioeannoaeueioth oi?io iaia?oaeaiey aeieacaoaeuenoa
i?e i?iaaaeaiee neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee.

Yoi, iaeiaei, ia icia/aao, /oi aeii?in iia?aoeaiiai ?a^-
aioieea aeieaeai auoue iieiinoueth eneeth/ai. Iia?aoeaiue
?aaioiee iiaeao auoue aeii?ioai, ii ia ii anai ianoiyoaeue-

‘ Aiieia i/aaeaeii, /oi a yoio ia?a/aiue aoiaeyo e iia?aoeaiua
iaoa?eaeu.

t21

noaai, a oieueei ii oai, eioi?ua ia cao?aaeaatho neoaeaaioth

oaeio. .

A neo/ayo, eiaaea aii?inu neaaeiaaoaey eee noaea noaayo
iia?aoeaiiai ?aaioieea ia?aae iaiaoiaeeiinoueth ?ane?uoue
iia?aoeaii-?icuneiua niiniau iieo/aiey i?aaeiaoia e
aeieoiaioia, iia?oiieiiii/aiiue iiaeao ioeacaoueny io aea-
/e iieacaiee.

Oaeia i?aai aeii?aoeaaaiiai i?yii onoaiiaeaii a c 66
(1) OIE A?, aaea i?aaeoniio?aia aiciiaeiinoue ioeaca io
aea/e iieacaiee aeey eeoe, eioi?ua ii ?iaeo naiae neoaeau,
caiyoee eee ioaee/iiai ii?o/aiey iaycaiu o?aieoue oaeio,
anee eo naeaeaoaeueneea iieacaiey ia?ooatho yoi ii?o/aiea
eee iaycaiiinoue. Aeieacaoaeuenoaa, iieo/aiiua n ia?ooaie-
ai yoiai i?aaeea, i?eciathony iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuie.

Aiaeiae/iua ii?iu eiathony a OIE ae?oaeo no?ai Ai-
noi/iie Aa?iiu. Oai aea i?aaeoniao?eaaaony aiciiaeiinoue
inaiaiaeaeaiey aeii?aoeaaaiiai io i?eiyouo iaycaoaeuenoa
niioaaonoaothuei i?aaiii eee ii?o/eoaeai.

Iaee/ea oaeie ii?iu iicaieyao iia?aoeaiui ?aaio-
ieeai eniieueciaaoue a ea/anoaa aeieacaoaeuenoa iaoa?eaeu
ia?oaeiiai iaaethaeaiey, neoaeaaiua caiaoee, ni?aaee i ni-
noiyaoeony aanaaeao, eioi?iaoeeth, iieo/aiioth a nae?ao-
iii ii?yaeea (iia?aoeaiui iooai), a eioi?uo ?aaeno?e?o-
thony ii?aaeaeaiiua aeaenoaey4, aac iianaiey auoue aeii?i-
oaiiuie i iaoiaeao iieo/aiey oeacaiiuo iaoa?eaeia.

I?aaenoaaeyaony oeaeaniia?aciui oaeia i?aai oneiaii-
ai eee ia?aie/aiiiai naeaeaoaeueneiai eiioieoaoa i?aaeo-
niio?aoue a oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiii caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa Ni-
thca NN? e nithciuo ?anioaeee. Aeaei a oii, /oi oeacaiiay
neooaoeey eiaao ianoi i?e aeii?ina ?aaioieeia caania ii
aii?inai onuiiaeaiey, ?aaioieeia ii/o, aaieia, naa?eann
ii aii?inai oaeiu aeeaaeia e ia?aienee, a oaeaea a ?aaioa
iioa?eonia, a?a/ae e ae?oaeo eeoe, eioi?ua iaycaiu o?a-
ieoue oaeio ii iacaaiiui aii?inai, ii ia eiatho i?ioeanno-
aeueiiai i?aaa ia ioaa/aoue ia ieo a oiaea aeii?inia.

\ Ioiaoei i?e yoii, /oi i?ioeaaeo?a cae?uoiai noaeaaiiai
?acae?aoaeuenoaa nio?aiaiey oeacaiiuo naaaeaiee a oaeia
oaeaea ia aa?aioe?oao, oae eae iie noaiiayony ecaanoiu
iiaenoaeeiiio, aai i?aaenoaaeoaeth, a?aaeaeaineiio enooeo, io-
aao/eeo e ae?oaei eeoeai.

I?aaeeiaeaiea i iaiaoiaeeiinoe aaaaeaiey cai?aoa aeii?a-

‘ Aiaeueaa A. I., Eoaaineee A. E. Enoi/ieee aeieacaoaeuenoa ii
oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiiio caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao NNN? e ae?oaeo nioeeaee-
noe/aneeo ainoaea?noa. I., 1981. N. 30-31.

122

oeaaoue iia?aoeaiiai ?aaioieea ii aii?inai, i ia?acaea-
oaiee eioi?uo ii aeaaae ii neoaeaa iiaeieneo, auei iiae-
aea?aeaii aieaa /ai 60% ii?ioaiiuo aaoi?ii noaeae, i?i-
eo?i?ia, neaaeiaaoaeae e iia?aoeaiuo ?aaioieeia.

E?iia oiai, ii iiaieth aieueoae /anoe (75%) ii?ioai-
iuo noaeae, a yoii neo/aa oaeo ioeaca iaiaoiaeeii io?aceoue
a i?ioieiea noaeaaiiai canaaeaiey (n oeacaieai iioeaia).
Ieeaeeo iaaeaaii?eyoiuo aeey iia?aoeaiiai ?aaioieea
iineaaenoaee (aicaoaeaeaiea oaieiaiiai aeaea ii no. 182 O E
?NON?, aeenoeeieeia?iay ioaaonoaaiiinoue e o. i.) yoi ca
niaie ia aea/ao, iineieueeo ia ?anniao?eaaaony noaeueyie
eae i?anooieaiea i?ioea i?aainoaeey. Noaeuee aeaeyo nouano-
aaiiia ioee/ea iaaeaeo ioeacii io aea/e iieacaiee n oeaeueth
iiiaoaoue onoaiiaeaieth enoeiu ii aeaeo e ioeacii eee oe-
eiiaieai io aea/e iieacaiee a oeaeyo nio?aiaiey neoaeaa-
iie oaeiu.

Iieo/aiiue a oiaea I?Ae i?aaeiao, ii iiaiaeo eioi?iai
iia?aoeaiue ?aaioiee ioeacaeny io aea/e iieacaiee iiae
i?aaeeiaii nio?aiaiey neoaeaaiie oaeiu, ia eneeth/aaony
eie ec niaieoiiinoe aeieacaoaeuenoa, a eniieuecoaony a aei-
eacuaaiee, anee ii ia i?ioeai?a/eo ianoiyoaeuenoaai aeaea
e iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony ae?oaeie aeieacaoaeuenoaaie, iieo/aiiu-
ie i?ioeannoaeueiui iooai.

Iaiaeiicia/ii ?aoaaony a oai?ee e ia i?aeoeea aii?in
i aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiii cia/aiee ?acoeueoaoia niaoeeaeueiuo
enneaaeiaaiee, i?iaiaeeiuo aei aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai
aeaea.

Ecaanoii, /oi oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiue caeii aeiionea-
ao aeaa oi?iu o/anoey niaoeeaeenoa a i?ioeanna ?anneaaei-
aaiey: yenia?oeca (no. 78 OIE) e niaeaenoaea neaaeiaaoaeth
a iaia?oaeaiee, cae?aieaiee e ecuyoee aeieacaoaeuenoa i?e
i?iecaiaenoaa neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee (no. 1331 OIE).

O/anoea niaoeeaeenoa a aeaenoaeyo ii i?iaa?ea cayaea-
iee e niiauaiee i i?anooieaieyo oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeue-
iui caeiiii ia i?aaeoniio?aii. Eneeth/aiea eanaaony eeoue
iniio?a ianoa i?ienoanoaey e aeaenoaee, i?iaiaeeiuo ii
aiaeiaee n iei (iauanoaaiiia aeieoiaioe?iaaiea), eioi-
?ua iiaoo i?iaiaeeoueny aei aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea
(no. 178 OIE). I?e/ai o/anoea niaoeeaeenoa i?e yoii ia
iiaeao auoiaeeoue ca ?aiee iieiiii/ee, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo
no. 133* OIE.

Oaeei ia?acii, i?iaaaeaiea niaoeeaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee
aei aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea, aiaeiae/iuo ii niaea?-
aeaieth yenia?oeca, aeaenoaothuei caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii ia ?a-
aoee?oaony. .

123

A oao neo/ayo, eiaaea ni?aaea niaoeeaeenoa (aianoa n
ae?oaeie iaoa?eaeaie) ia?aaeaaony aeey ?aoaiey aii?ina i
aicaoaeaeaiee oaieiaiiai aeaea neaaeiaaoaeth, iineaaeiee
aeaenoaoao, eae i?aaeei, neaaeothuei ia?acii.

1. Iacia/ay yenia?oeco, oiae/eaaao ia eiaaoai ianoi
enneaaeiaaiee oao aea iauaeoia.

2. Niaoeeaeueii oeacuaaao a iinoaiiaeaiee, /oi ennea-
aeiaaiea eiaei ianoi, i?eeaaaao ni?aaeo eeai iacuaaao aa
?aaeno?aoeeiiiue iiia?’.

Ii-?aciiio iinooiatho e yenia?ou. A iaeieo neo/ayo
yenia?o ia i?eieiaao ai aieiaiea eiaaoaa ianoi ennea-
aeiaaiea e i?iaiaeeo aai aiiaue (i?e oneiaee anee iauaeo
nio?aieeny). A ae?oaeo neo/ayo, iniaaiii anee enneaaeiaa-
iea i?eaaei e oie/oiaeaieth iauaeoa, yenia?o eeoue “aeaeaao
aeae” i oii, /oi enneaaeiaaiea i?iaaaeaii, oioy oaeoe/anee
ia?aienuaaao niaea?aeaoaeueioth /anoue enneaaeiaaiey a aeo
yenia?oecu.

I/aaeaeii, /oi a neo/ayo, eiaaea niaoeeaeueiia enneaaeiaa-
iea i?iaiaeeeinue, a yenia?oeca iaiaoiaeeia, ie neaaeiaa-
oaeue, ie yenia?o ia eiatho i?aaa oiie/aoue ia yoii (aeaaea-
i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?iaa?ee eiiiaoaioiinoe niaoeeaeen-
oa e aeinoiaa?iinoe aai auaiaeia).

A oao aea neo/ayo, eiaaea yenia?oeca iaaiciiaeia
(iauaeo oie/oiaeai a i?ioeanna enneaaeiaaiey), iacia/aoue aa
iaeuecy.

A iineaaeiae neooaoeee noae iiaeao i?eciaoue ni?aaeo i
?acoeueoaoao enneaaeiaaiey enoi/ieeii aeieacaoaeuenoa –
eiui aeieoiaioii (no. 88 OIE.) e nineaoueny ia iaa a i?e-
aiai?a2.

I?e/ai, ii aeaiiui I. I. Euniaa, noaeu ia?aaeei ia
i?iaiaeyo ?acee/ee iaaeaeo ni?aaeie niaoeeaeenoa e caeeth-
/aieai yenia?oa3, ?anniao?eaay eo a ii?aaeaeaiiie ia?a
eae “?aaiioeaiiua” niiniau niae?aiey aeieacaoaeuenoa.

‘ Eunia I. I. Niaoeeaeueiua enneaaeiaaiey aauanoaaiiuo enoi/ie-
eia eioi?iaoeee a aeayoaeueiinoe aiia?aoia AONN. Ai?ueeee, 1987.
N. 34.

2 Ni., iai?.: I?eaiai? E?aniiaaa?aeaeneiai ia?iaeiiai noaea
a. Iineau ii oaieiaiiio aeaeo ? 1-1037/84 ii iaaeiaieth Acuaaie a
niaa?oaiee i?anooieaiee, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo no. no. 156 /. II, 170 /. I
OE ?NON?.

3 Eunia I. I. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 35-36.

Aeaaa 111

AICIIAEIINOE I?EIAIAIEss EIUO AEAeIA
IAI?IOeANNOAEUeIUO AeAIIUO

c 1. INIAAIIINOE ENIIEUeCIAAIEss
*A?IIAUO CAIENAE, AIIIEIIUO CAssAEAIEss
E IENAI

I?e eco/aiee aii?inia eniieueciaaiey iia?aoeaiie eioi?-
iaoeee auei onoaiiaeaii, /oi a oaieiaiuo aeaeao, iaaeie-
oaeueiuo caeeth/aieyo e i?eaiai?ao eiathony neo/ae i?eia-
iaiey naaaeaiee, niaea?aeaueony a /a?iiauo caienyo, aeiaa-
ieeao i?anooiieeia, iaioeoeeaeueiuo aooaaeoa?neeo aeieo-
iaioao, aiiieiiuo ienueiao e cayaeaieyo.

A niioaaonoaee n o?aaiaaieyie no. 88 OIE ia?a/eneai-
iua iineoaee eioi?iaoeee ia ioiinyony e eaoaai?ee aeieo-
iaioia-enoi/ieeia aeieacaoaeuenoa, oae eae eceiaeaiiua a
ieo ianoiyoaeuenoaa e oaeou, eiathuea cia/aiea aeey aeaea,
ia oaeinoiaa?aiu i?aaei?eyoeyie, o/?aaeaeaieyie, i?aaieca-
oeeyie, aeieaeiinoiuie eeoeaie e a?aaeaeaiaie1.’

Iaeiaei nouiinoue iai?ioeannoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee, niaea?-
aeauaeny a ia?a/eneaiiuo iineoaeyo, i?aaeii?aaeaeyao ia-
iaoiaeeiinoue aa i?eiaiaiey aeey aeinoeaeaiey oeaeae ?ane?u-
oey e ?anneaaeiaaiey i?anooieaiee.

A /a?iiauo caienyo, iaioeoeeaeueiuo aooaaeoa?neeo aei-
eoiaioao, aiiieiiuo cayaeaieyo e ienueiao iiaeao niaea?-
aeaoueny naiay ?acee/iay eioi?iaoeey: i niaa?oaiee i?a-
nooieaiey eiie?aoiuie eeoeaie; i nouanoaiaaiee e ianoa,
aaea iaoiaeyony aeieacaoaeuenoaa, oaeieee, iioeuaiiua oeai-
iinoe; i nicaeaiee eceeoeia oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiii-
noae e iieo/aiee (ia?aaea/a) eo a iiaeio/ao; i eeoeao, o/ano-
aothueo a oeuaiee; i iaiaoiaeeiinoe oie/oiaeeoue aeieaca-
oaeuenoaa, neeiieoue niiauieeia, naeaeaoaeae e aea/a caaaaei-

‘ Aieaa iiae?iaiay oa?aeoa?enoeea oeacaiiuo aeaeia iai?ioeanno-
aeueiie eioi?iaoeee aoaeao aeaia i?e ?anniio?aiee iai?aaeaiee eo en-
iieueciaaiey.

127

ii eiaeiuo iieacaiee; ia?ai?yoaoue iioeuaiiia, aeaoue acyo-
eo aeieaeiinoiui eeoeai e o. ae.

I?aeoeea e ?acoeueoaou ianoiyuaai enneaaeiaaiey nae-
aeaoaeuenoaotho i oii, /oi ia?a/eneaiiay iai.?ioeannoaeueiay
eioi?iaoeey eiaao aaaeiia cia/aiea aeey onoaiiaeaiey i?e-
ciaeia i?anooieaiey, auyaeaiey niiniaa aai niaa?oaiey,
ii?aaeaeaiey e?oaa nio/anoieeia, iano o?aiaiey iioeuai-
iuo e iaaeeouo i?anooiiui iooai oeaiiinoae e ?yaea ae?o-
aeo ianoiyoaeuenoa, nouanoaaiiuo aeey auyaeaiey, ?ane?u-
oey e ?anneaaeiaaiey.

Iaeiaei ia i?aeoeea oaeay eioi?iaoeey ia anaaaea iie-
ii e yooaeoeaii eniieuecoaony, ia i?aaei?eieiathony ia?u
ii iaia?oaeaieth i?ioeannoaeueiuo enoi/ieeia yoie eioi?-
iaoeee, a anee yoi e oaeaaony-ia iieiinoueth eniieuecothony
i?ioeannoaeueiua e iia?aoeaiua aiciiaeiinoe aeey ii?aaeaea-
iey ioiineiinoe e aeinoiaa?iinoe niaea?aeaueony a ieo naa-
aeaiee.

Oeaeaniia?aciinoue ?anniio?aiey aii?inia eniieueciaa-
iey iia?aoeaiie e iacaaiiuo aeaeia iai?ioeannoaeueiie ei-
oi?iaoeee a ?aieao iaeiiai enneaaeiaaiey iauyniyaony iau-
iinoueth oneiaee eo oi?ie?iaaiey e noiaenoaii iniiaiuo
iai?aaeaiee eniieueciaaiey.

Eae iia?aoeaii-?icuneiay eioi?iaoeey, oae e naaaeaiey,
niaea?aeaueany a /a?iiauo caienyo, iaioeoeeaeueiuo aooaae-
oa?neeo aeieoiaioao, aiiieiiuo cayaeaieyo e ienueiao,
oi?ie?othony aia oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna, aac niaethaeaiey ii-
neaaeiaaoaeueiinoe, ii?yaeea e oneiaee, oeacaiiuo a oaieia-
ii-i?ioeannoaeueiii caeiia.

Aeieoiaiou, eae iaeaaeathuea i?eciaeaie aauanoaaiiuo
aeieacaoaeuenoa, oae e ia yaeythueany oaeiauie, iiaoo auoue
i?eaea/aiu a oaieiaiue i?ioeann n iiiiuueth oaeeo i?ioean-
noaeueiuo n?aaenoa, eae iniio?, iaune, auaiea e ae?.

I?ioeannoaeueiay oi?ia i?iaaaeaiey iacaaiiuo aeaenoaee
?ani?ino?aiyaony e ia aeieoiaiou, eioi?ua auee iaia?o-
aeaiu a oiaea eo i?iecaiaenoaa.

Iaeiaei ia?a/eneaiiua aeaenoaey ia iiaoo ?anniao?e-
aaoueny eae iniiaiie yeaiaio i?ioeannoaeueiie oi?iu aeieo-
iaioia, oae eae cia/eoaeueiay eo /anoue, /oi iacuaaaony,
“a aioiaii aeaea” aiaeaeaaony a oaieiaiue i?ioeann a oiaea
i?aaenoaaeaiey e eno?aaiaaiey a ii?yaeea no.no. 70, 109 OIE.

I?aaeaea anaai yoi aeieoiaiou, ia iaeaaeathuea i?ecia-
eaie aauanoaaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa.

Aeey i?eciaiey eo enoi/ieeaie aeieacaoaeuenoa ia o?a-
aoaony i?iaaaeaiey oaeeo aeaenoaee, eae iniio? e i?eiaua-
iea e aeaeo niioaaonoaothuei iinoaiiaeaieai.

128

I?eciaeii i?ioeannoaeueiie oi?iu oaeeo aeieoiaioia
iiaeii n/eoaoue ienueiaiiue cai?in (eno?aaiaaiea) i aai
i?aaenoaaeaiee e ioiaoeo a iaoa?eaeao aeaea i iieo/aiee
aeieoiaioa;

Iaeiaei iniiaiie yeaiaio i?ioeannoaeueiie oi?iu aeieo-
iaioa niaea?aeeony a iai naiii, a ia a i?ioeannoaeueiii ii-
?yaeea aai i?eaea/aiey a oaieiaiue i?ioeann.

Ec o?aaiaaiee, niaea?aeaueony a no. 88 OIE, iiaeii
naeaeaoue auaiae i oii, /oi aeieoiaio yaeyaony enoi/ieeii
aeieacaoaeuenoaa oieueei oiaaea, eiaaea ecaanoai aai aaoi?, a
niaea?aeaiea eceaaaaiuo aaoi?ii naaaeaiee iaoiaeeony a
?aieao aai inaaaeiieaiiinoe e eiiiaoaioeee. Aeieoiaiou,
ia iaeaaeathuea oeacaiiuie i?eciaeaie, neaaeoao ioianoe
e enoi/ieeai iai?ioeannoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee.

Niaiaaeatho iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey eniieueciaaiey iia?a-
oeaiie eioi?iaoeee e naaaeaiee, niaea?aeaueony a /a?iiauo
caienyo, iaioeoeeaeueiuo aooaaeoa?neeo aeieoiaioao, aii-
ieiiuo cayaeaieyo e ienueiao.

Eioi?iaoeey, niaea?aeauayny a iaoa?eaeao iaaeo a?oii,
eae i?aaeei, i?eiaiyaony a ea/anoaa i?eaioe?a a ?annea-
aeiaaiee (aeey auaeaeaeaiey e i?iaa?ee aa?nee, i?e i?eiy-
oee iaeioi?uo i?ioeannoaeueiuo ?aoaiee, ia iiaeeaaeaueo
iainiiaaieth aeieacaoaeuenoaaie, a oaeoeea neaaenoaaiiuo
aeaenoaee), /oi ia eneeth/aao, i?e niioaaonoaothueo onei-
aeyo, eo eniieueciaaiea a ea/anoaa enoi/ieeia aeieaca-
oaeuenoa.

Neaaeoao oaeaea ioiaoeoue, /oi ii/oe a iieiaeia eco/ai-
iuo aeae /a?iiaua caiene, iaioeoeeaeueiua aooaaeoa?neea
aeieoiaiou auee iieo/aiu iia?aoeaiuie ?aaioieeaie a
oiaea i?eiyoey iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia?.

Iinea aiaea/aiey oaeeo iaoa?eaeia a oaieiaiue i?i-
oeann eo ioiineiinoue e aeaeo e aeinoiaa?iinoue niaea?aeaueo-
ny a ieo naaaeaiee ii?aaeaeyaony a oii aea ii?yaeea, /oi y
i?e eniieueciaaiee /a?iiauo caienae, aiaea/aiiuo a oai-
eiaiue i?ioeann iau/iuie niiniaaie (i?ioeannoaeueiua
aeaenoaey, eno?aaiaaiea e i?aaenoaaeaiea a ii?yaeea no.no. 70,
109 OIE).

Ia?a/eneaiiua noiaenoaa ia eneeth/atho e ?acee/ee
iaaeaeo iia?aoeaiie eioi?iaoeeae e naaaeaieyie, niaea?aea-
ueieny a /a?iiauo caienyo, iaioeoeeaeueiuo aooaaeoa?neeo
aeieoiaioao, aiiieiiuo cayaeaieyo e ienueiao. Anee iia-
?aoeaiay eioi?iaoeey-?acoeueoao i?eiyoey iia?aoeaii-?i-
cuneiuo (a o. /. iaaeaniuo) ia? e iniiaiay i?iaeaia, ei-
oi?ay aicieeaao a oiaea eniieueciaaiey, ninoieo a auai?a
oaeoe/aneeo i?eaiia aa i?eiaiaiey, oi caaea/a, aicieeath-

9 Caeac 5297 129

uay i?e ?ac?aoaiee aii?ina ia eniieueciaaiee /a?iiauo
caienae, iaioeoeeaeueiuo aooaaeoa?neeo aeieoiaioia, aii-
ieiiuo cayaeaiee e ienai, noieo a ii?aaeaeaiee eo aaoi?-
noaa, aeinoiaa?iinoe e ioiineiinoe niaea?aeaueony a ieo
naaaeaiee.

Ii naiaio niaea?aeaieth, iniaaiiinoyi iineoaey e ia-
i?aaeaieyi eniieueciaaiey eioi?iaoeey ?anniao?eaaaiie
a?oiiu iiaeao auoue ?acaeaeaia ia:

naaaeaiey, niaea?aeaueany a iaioeoeeaeueiuo aooaae-
oa?neeo aeieoiaioao, /a?iiauo caienyo e aeiaaieeao;

naaaeaiey, niaea?aeaueany a aiiieiiuo cayaeaieyo e
ienueiao.

Eniieueciaaiea eioi?iaoeee, niaea?aeauaeny
a iaioeoeeaeueiuo aooaaeoa?neeo aeieoiaioao,
/a?iiauo caienyo e aeiaaieeao

Eaaeaeay oicyenoaaiiay iia?aoeey aeieaeia io?aaeaoueny a iaae1
eaaeaua ioi?ieaiiuo aeieoiaioao aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa,
eioi?ua iaania/eaatho aeinoiaa?iinoue e th?eaee/aneoth neeo
o/aoiuo aeaiiuo, naeaeaoaeuenoaotho i caeiiiinoe e ?aaeueii-
noe niaa?oaiiuo iia?aoeee e yaeythony iniiaie aooaaeoa?-
neiai o/aoa.

Ii ?acee/iui i?eciaeai aooaaeoa?neea aeieoiaiou ?ac-
aeaeythony ia: ?anii?yaeeoaeueiua e eniieieoaeueiua, eiiae-
ie?iaaiiua e aeieoiaiou aooaaeoa?neiai ioi?ieaiey; ii
noaiaie iaiauaiey – ia?ae/iua e .naiaeiua; ii eiee/anoao
iia?aoeee-?aciaua e iaeiieoaeueiua; ii ianoo ninoaaea-
iey-ia aioo?aiiea e aiaoiea’.

Aiciiaeia e eiay eeanneoeeaoeey aeieoiaioia-iai?e-
ia?, ii noaiaie eniieueciaaiey oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa, i?eia-
iyaiuo aeey eo ninoaaeaiey2.

Nouanoaaiiui i?eciaeii anao ia?a/eneaiiuo aeaeia aei-
eoiaioia yaeyaony ii?aaeaeaiiay oi?ia eo ninoaaeaiey.

A aeieoiaioa aeieaeii auoue io?aaeaii aai iaeiaiiaaiea,
ii?yaeeiaue iiia?, aae?an i?aaei?eyoey, o/?aaeaeaiey, i?aa-

‘ Ni., iai?.: Iaea?ia A. A” Oai?ey aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa. I.,
1966. N. 213-221; Noaeaaiay aooaaeoa?ey. I, 1976. N. 38; Aoaia-
nyi A. A., Aieoayoieeia N. I. Noaeaaiay aooaaeoa?ey. IAe 1989. N. 83.

2 Iaeee A. O., Nieieia ss. A. Oai?ey aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa. I.,
1984. N. 183-185; Aaaeeia E. E., Ia?/aiei A. I. Aooaaeoa?neee o/ao
a oi?aiauo i?aaiecaoeeyo e i?aaei?eyoeyo, I., 1984. N. 43-46.

130

iecaoeee, eeoea – o/anoieea iia?aoeee, aa niaea?aeaiea, ecia-
?eoaee a iaoo?aeueiii e aeaiaaeiii au?aaeaiee’.

E?iia oiai, aooaaeoa?neee aeieoiaio aeieaeai auoue au-
iieiai, eae i?aaeei, ia aeaiea e eiaoue iiaeiene, ia/aoe,
ooaiiu e ae?oaea ?aeaeceou2.

A aooaaeoa?neii o/aoa iiae ?aeaeceoaie aeieoiaioa ii-
ieiathony io?aaeaiiua a iai naaaeaiey, iaiaoiaeeiua aeey
iieo/aiey en/a?iuaathuaai i?aaenoaaeaiey i niaa?oaiiie
iia?aoeee3.

?aeaeceou aeaeyony ia iaycaoaeueiua aeey eaaeaeiai aeieo-
iaioa e aeiiieieoaeueiua4.

O?aaiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e ioi?ieaieth aeieoiaioia, .
noi?ioee?iaaiu a Iieiaeaiee i aeieoiaioao e aeieoiaioi-
iai?ioa a aooaaeoa?neii o/aoa, eioi?ia ooaa?aeaeaii Ieie-
noa?noaii oeiainia NNN? 29 ethey 198 3 aiaea5.

Aeieoiaiou aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa e eo ?aeaeceou ia-
aiciiaeii ia?a/eneeoue a nayce n oai, /oi iie ?ac?aaaou-
aathony eae oeaio?aeueiuie noaoenoe/aneeie i?aaiaie, ie-
ienoa?noaaie e aaaeiinoaaie, oae e naieie i?aaei?eyoey-
ie, o/?aaeaeaieyie e i?aaiecaoeeyi.e, enoiaey ec iio?aaii-
noae i?iecaiaenoaa, aeieoiaioiiai?ioa, cia/eiinoe oeene-
?oaiuo a aeieoiaioao iia?aoeee e i?.6.

Ii iauaio i?aaeeo, aeieoiaio, ia iaeaaeathuee ia?a-
/eneaiiuie ?aeaeceoaie, ia yaeyaony naeaeaoaeuenoaii ca-
eiiiinoe e ?aaeueiinoe niaa?oaiiie iia?aoeee e ia iiaeao
auoue iniiaie aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa7.

Iineaaeiaa ianoiyoaeuenoai, iaeiaei, ia icia/aao iieiiai
ioeaca i?eiaieoue naaaeaiey, niaea?aeaueany a aeieoiaioao,

‘ Ni. Iaea?ia A. A. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 221-225; Iaeee A. O., Ni-
eieia ss. A. Oeac/?aaioa. N. 181-183; Aaaeeia E. E., Ia?/aiei A. I.
Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 41-43; Noaeaaiay aooaaeoa?ey. N. 40.

2 Yoi ia eneeth/aao eiie (iiieii ienueiaiiie) oi?iu aeieoiaioa.
Iineaaeiee iiaeao auoue auiieiai e ia ae?oaeo iineoaeyo (ia?oiea?oa,
oaaoeya?aiia, iaaieoiue aeene, eaioa e o. i.), aaea oaeaea aeieaeiu
auoue niioaaonoaothuea ?aeaeceou.

3 Iaea?ia A. A. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 222.

4 Aaaeeia E. E., Ia?/aiei A. I. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 42.

5 Atheeaoaiue ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia ieienoa?noa e aaaeiinoa .NNN?.
1984, ? 4. N. 3-8. . ‘

6 O?aaiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e ninoaaeaieth . aeieoiaioia, ia?a-
/eneaiu a ?yaea ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia. Ni., iai?.: Iniiaiua iieiaeaiey
ii eiaaioa?ecaoeee iniiaiuo n?aaenoa, oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae,
aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa e ?an/aoia (ooaa?aeaeaii Ieienoa?noaii oeiainia
NNN? 30.12.1982 ? 179); Iieiaeaiea i aooaaeoa?neeo o/aoao e aa-
eainao (ooaa?aeaeaii iinoaiiaeaieai Niaaoa Ieieno?ia NNN? 29 eth-
iy.1979 a. ? 663).

7 Noaeaaiay aooaaeoa?ey. I., 1976. N. 40, ,.,,.

9* 131

ia.eiathueo onoaiiaeaiiuo ?aeaeceoia, aeey ?ane?uoey E
?anneaaeiaaiey oeuaiee.

E eo /eneo ioiinyony: .

1) aeieoiaiou, i?iecaieueii onoaiiaeaiiua aeieaeiino-
iuie eee iaoa?eaeueii ioaaonoaaiiuie eeoeaie (iaoa?ea-
eu “naiio/aoa”, eniieuecoaiua, eae i?aaeei, aeey iia?aoea-
iie acaeiiie naa?ee);

2) iaioeoeeaeueiua caiene iaoa?eaeueii ioaaonoaaiiuo e
aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe, eioi?ua ia?aaeei iacuaathony “/a?iie
aooaaeoa?eae”.

Iaiaoiaeeiinoue aaaeaiey “/a?iie aooaaeoa?ee” iauyniy-
aony oai, /oi, iai?eia?, ?anoeoeoaee, eae i?aaeei, ia aeae-
noaotho “aneaioth”, iieaaaynue oieueei ia nianoaaiioth iaiyoue
e aaaeoo no?iaee o/ao eiee/anoaa nicaeaiiuo e iiaeaioiaeai-
iuo e oeuaieth eceeoeia, n oai /oiau, ecuiay eo a iinea-
aeothuai, oi/ii ciaoue eiee/anoai oeaiiinoae, iiaeeaaeaueo
oeuaieth, /oiau aeieoiaiou ioeoeeaeueiie aooaaeoa?neie io-
/aoiinoe auee “a ii?yaeea”,

Naaaeaiey i eiee/anoaa oaeoe/anee ioiouaiiuo e iieo-
/aiiuo a iiaeio/ao oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae, eiee-
/anoaa iioeuaiiiai ?anoeoeoaee iau/ii caiinyo a ?acee/-
iiai ?iaea oao?aaee, aeo?iaeu, ?aano?u, iaeiieoaeueiua aa-
aeiiinoe e i?.

Ianiio?y ia oi, /oi oaeea aeieoiaiou io?aaeatho oae-
oe/aneee o/ao e aeaeaeaiea iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae, aeieo-
iaioaie aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa iie ia yaeythony, oae eae a
ieo ionoonoaotho i?enouea aooaaeoa?neei aeieoiaioai ?ae-
aeceou.

Iniiaiay i?iaeaia, eioi?ay aicieeaao a oiaea eniieue-
ciaaiey oaeeo iaoa?eaeia,-yoi ii?aaeaeaiea eo ioiineii-
noe e aeaeo.

Ionoonoaea ia ieo ia/aoae, ooaiiia, aeao, iiaeienae e
ae?oaeo ?aeaeceoia cao?oaeiyao onoaiiaeaiea ia?eiaeia eo
eniieiaiey, iaeiaiiaaiey e noieiinoe iinooiathueo (io-
ioneaaiuo) oiaa?ia e, /oi naiia aeaaiia,-aeieaeiinoiuo
eeoe, ioionoeaoeo e i?eiyaoeo oiaa?.

N oeaeueth onoaiiaeaiey ioiineiinoe oaeeo iaoa?eaeia
neaaeoao i?iaiaeeoue eo iniio?, i?aaeuyaeaiea aeey iiiciaiey
a niioaaonoaee n o?aaiaaieyie no. 164 OIE eee a oiaea
aeii?inia, aeii?in eeoe, i?aaeiieiaeeoaeueii eniieiyaoeo
oaeno, iieo/aiea ia?acoeia ii/a?ea, iiaeienae ia/aeueieea,
iacia/aiea ii/a?eiaaae/aneie yenia?oecu e o. ae.

I?e iieo/aiee ia?acoeia ii/a?ea, iiaeienae iaiaoiaeeii
‘eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi /a?iiaua caiene, iaioeoeeaeueiua aooaae-
oa?neea aeieoiaiou ia?aaeei eniieiythony aoi?iiyo, a ia-

132 O ‘

iiaeoiaeyueo oneiaeyo, eiiaaea n oiu111eai^
ii/a?ea.

Iacaaiiua ianoiyoaeuenoaa iiaeeaaeao aue;

aeii?inia eeoe, i?aaeiieiaeeoaeueii eniieie
ae?oaeo naeaeaoaeae, i?e niiinoaaeaiee e04′”,^?^ __
niaea?aeaueony a /a?iiauo caienyo, n “t^^e eioi?uo oe
ie aeieoiaioia, naaaeaiey ia eniieieoaea ‘

Ncuaatho niiiaiee, ^inoe aeey onoaa
Enneaaeiaaiea iieacaei, /oi aicincaeii.aeineiinoe e e a’
eaiey aaoi?noaa /a?iiauo caienae, ooio*^a eniieuecoth-oi -‘
aa?iinoe niaea?aeaueony a ieo naaaeaiee Ia-
iieiinoueth. ^ aeey auyaeaiey
Oae, aeaeoeeineiie/aneay yenia?oeca e^aoeia eniieii ia
/a?iiauo aeieoiaioao iaeueoeaauo ioE^a^o aaoi?ii ae oaey
iacia/aeanue oieueei a 4 ec 96 eco/a^yuo^aiie a?oiiu “1aaa
eniieueciaaiey iaoa?eaeia ?anniao?eaaao, aoiaae, e?ane oao-
ieei-e?eieiaeenoe/aneea enneaaeiaaiey a^’?a i?iaiaeeeen aeae”
ienueiaiiuo .i?eiaaeeaaeiinoae aiiao? iaaiciiaeiinoe. O ‘
Neaai eniieuecothony iia?aoeaiua aic?.. iooai naaaeaei^’ i0′
?o/aiey i i?iaa?ea iai?ioeannoaeueiue’1i i ?eaeao, aeaaaeenue’ n0′
aea?aeaueony a ?anniao?eaaaiuo iaa’a?e^ aeae 14 eco/aiea CJIe’
aeiaaoaeyie i?aaiai aeiciaiey oieueei in^aeiiaeaiey) i oo1″ aea”
eai, i?e/ai ?aii?ou (niiauaiey, oaaae^ ?acoeueoaoao e^111151″
oee iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia? e e o ?& ^Enue
oieueei a 10 aeaeao. ;?aoeaiui iooai Ae
Aiaeec iineaaeieo iieacae, /oi otnsps O ea/anoaa naee oa’
iaaeeaathony: (a) eeoea, iiaouea a e ^oea a /a?iiauo aea^
iiaeoaa?aeeoue ianoiyoaeuenoaa, oeaca^iiua*ae ae aeieoiaioia caie’
IBHX; (a) ianoiiaoiaeaeaiea i?aaeiaoia 1^uue niiauaiea i11 “?-
EA iaeioi?uo ec ieo niaea?aeaeinue ,eeo^ oaeoia, eceiae? iiae’
Aoaa?aeaeaiee iai?ioeannoaeueiui ioo”ai ^u. ^Iuo
a iaoa?eaeao ?anniao?eaaaiie a?oaiiu. ‘^g /a?iiauo

A i?ioeanna onoaiiaeaiey aaoiy?ia a?iinoe niaea?y31111^.
ii?aaeaeaiey ioiineiinoe e aeinoi-aa?i,,^ e iia?aoeaiay e^04
a ieo naaaeaiee iineaaeiea, oae aea e-ae e ^ae e i?iaa?ee Oi?-
iaoeey, eniieuecothony aeey auaeaeaeaiey ^ueiuo ?aoaiee ^^”e”
i?e i?eiyoee iaeioi?uo i?ioeanno^eu^ ‘ a oae-
oeea neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee, ioiineiinoe oeaca

Iinea onoaiiaeaiey aaoi?noaa flH OTI;^ueiuo n?aaenoa ie IUe1O
iaoa?eaeia n iiiiuueth i?ioeannoaAeuei^caoaeuenoa (aeie “?^”
ia?aoatho cia/aiea enoi/ieeia aei”eaca, O^aioia

eee aauanoaaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa)… ?aaeeaaathony ia,Ae

A th?eaee/aneie eeoa?aoo?a a??aae.\aioia eae naiinoi1112’i
e?eoa?ee aeey ?aca?aie/aiey aeieoyiaia aeieoiaioia – aao ue’
iuo enoi/ieeia aeieacaoaeuenoa e aeie^ -O^oaai’.

133

iuo aeieacaoaeuenoa: (a) iacaiaieiinoue aeieoiaioia-aaua-
noaaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa’; (a) oa?aeoa? eo oi?ie?iaaiey
(noeoeeiue o aauanoaaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa e eneonnoaaiii
oeaeaniia?aciue o naiinoiyoaeueiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa)2, ioe-
oeeaeueiinoue3 e ae?.

A ?yaea ?aaio i?aaeeueii ioia/aaony, /oi iniiaiui e?e-
oa?eai aeey eo ?aca?aie/aiey yaeyaony oa?aeoa? io?aaea-
iey ianoiyoaeuenoa, naycaiiuo n niaa?oaiiui i?anooiea-
ieai4, niinia nio?aiaiey e ia?aaea/e eioi?iaoeee i noua-
noaaiiuo aeey aeaea ianoiyoaeuenoaao5.

Iniaaiiinoue nio?aiaiey e ia?aaea/e eioi?iaoeee n ii-
iiuueth aeieoiaioia ninoieo a oii, /oi aeey yoiai eniieueco-
aony iienaiea niauoee e oaeoia, oiaaea eae a aeieoiaioao–
aauanoaaiiuo aeieacaoaeuenoaao i?ienoiaeeo iaiin?aaenoaai-
iia ioia?aaeaiea ianoiyoaeuenoa, naycaiiuo n niaa?oaieai

i?anooieaiey6.

Iiyoiio aeiaaieee iaoa?eaeueii ioaaonoaaiiuo eeoe, aaea
iienuaathony oaeou niaa?oaiiuo i?anooieaiee (i?eaiaeeo-
ny ioiioaiea aaoi?a e iei) neaaeoao ioianoe e aeieoiaioai
(no. 88 OIE), oiaaea eae /a?iiaua caiene (“/a?iiaay aoo-
aaeoa?ey”) i eiee/anoaa oaeoe/anee ia?aaeaiiuo (iieo-
/aiiuo) a iiaeio/ao oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae, i
iieo/aiee eiie?aoiuie eeoeaie aeaiaaeiuo noii, ?aaeeca-
oeee iioeuaiiiai aeieaeiu auoue ioianaiu e aauanoaaiiui
aeieacaoaeuenoaai.

Aeieoiaiou, io?aaeathuea oaeoe/aneee ioione (iieo/a-
iea) iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae, a niaieoiiinoe n ae?oaeie
aeieacaoaeuenoaaie, ono?aiythueie niiiaiey a eo aeinoiaa?-
iinoe, ia?aaeei eniieuecothony i?e i?iecaiaenoaa noaeaaii-
aooaaeoa?neie yenia?oecu (NAY), ianiio?y ia oi, /oi iau-
. aeoii enneaaeiaaiey i?e i?iecaiaenoaa noaeaaii-aooaaeoa?-
neie yenia?oecu yaeythony ia?ae/iua e naiaeiua aeieoiai-
ou, o/aoiua ?aaeno?u e aeieoiaiou aooaaeoa?neie io/aoii-
noe. A i?ioeanna enneaaeiaaiey oaeaea iiaoo eniieueciaaoueny

1 No?iaiae/ I. N. Iaoa?eaeueiay enoeia e noaeaaiua aeieacaoaeue-
noaa. N. 334; aai aea. Eo?n niaaoneiai oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna. O. 1.
N. 454; I?ieioueaa TH. I. Iiiyoea e nouiinoue aeieoiaioia eae aeiea-
O caoaeuenoa a niaaoneii oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. E?eoone, 1978. N. 24.

2 A?naiueaa A. Ae. Aii?inu iauae oai?ee noaeaaiuo aeieacaoaeuenoa.
I., 1964. N. 119.

3 Naeeaaiia I. A., Oa?aaeeia A. E. Ia?aiia/aeueiua neaaenoaaiiua
aeaenoaey. I., 1969. N. 7.

4 Aiaeueaa A. I., Eoaaineee A. E. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 63.

5 Oai?ey aeieacaoaeuenoa. N. 672. I oii aea ni.: Ai?neee A. o., Ei-
Ei?aa E. Ae., Yeueeeiae I. N. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 192.

6 Oai?ey aeieacaoaeuenoa. N. 672.

-134

naaaeaiey, niaea?aeaueany a aeoao aeieoiaioaeueiuo ?aii./”-
caeeth/aieyo yenia?oia eiuo niaoeeaeueiinoae, iieacaiey!^
iaaeiyaiuo, naeaeaoaeae, ae?oaeo iaoa?eaeao aeaea, ioiiny-
ueony e i?aaeiaoo noaeaaii-aooaaeoa?neie yenia?oecu’. I?e
yoii yenia?o-aooaaeoa? aeey aea/e caeeth/aiey iiaeao en-
iieueciaaoue ana eiathueany a aeaea iaoa?eaeu, iaeiaei inii-
aie aeey aai caeeth/aiey neoaeao ioeoeeaeueiua aeieoiaiou
aooaaeoa?neie io/aoiinoe.

Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi aii?in ia eniieueciaaiee yenia?-
oii eiathueony a oaieiaiii aeaea aeieacaoaeuenoa aeinoaoi/-
ii neiaeai, oae eae oaeia i?aai yenia?oa ii?iaeaeaao iaei-
oi?oth oaiaeaioeeiciinoue aai auaiaeia e a iaeioi?ie noaiaie
i?aae?aoaao aii?in i aeiiaiinoe, /oi aoiaeeo a eneeth/e-
oaeueioth eiiiaoaioeeth neaaeiaaoaey2.

Ia i?aeoeea ?aaioieeaie AONN,. neaaeiaaoaeyie, ye-
nia?oaie eiiaaea iaaeiioeaieaaaony cia/aiea iaioeoeeaeueiie
aooaaeoa?neie aeieoiaioaoeee, /a?iiauo caienae, iieacaiee
iaaeiyaiuo, naeaeaoaeae e ae?oaeo o/anoieeia oaieiaiiai
i?ioeanna ii iiaiaeo eo ninoaaeaiey.

Iaaeaeo oai iieacaiey iaaeiyaiuo, naeaeaoaeae, /a?ii-
aua caiene, iaioeoeeaeueiua aooaaeoa?neea aeieoiaiou aeie-
aeiu o/eouaaoueny yenia?oii, iineieueeo iie ?acuyniytho no-
uanoai ioi?ieaiey aeieoiaioia e oai naiui i?eaioe?otho
yenia?oa ia enneaaeiaaiea iia?aoeee, eioi?ua a ieo io?a-
aeaiu3.

Eae, iai?eia?, i?e i?iecaiaenoaa oeceei-oaoie/aneie
yenia?oecu iieacaiey iaaeiyaiuo, iioa?iaaoeo, naeaeaoa-
eae eniieuecothony yenia?oii aeey i?aaeeueiiai auaiaea i ei-
ee/anoaa iaianaiiuo oaeaniuo iia?aaeaeaiee, eo iai?aaea-
iee, iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe, aiciiaeiinoe naiii?e/eiaiey,
oae e i?e i?iecaiaenoaa NAY /a?iiaua caiene, iieacaiey
o/anoieeia i?ioeanna eniieuecothony aeey ii?aaeaeaiey ia-
i?aaeaiee, ii eioi?ui yenia?oo iaiaoiaeeii enneaaeiaaoue
aeieoiaiou aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa.

Yenia?o-aooaaeoa? ?anniao?eaaao iaoa?eaeu aeaea (a
oii /enea e /a?iiaua caiene) eae aniiiiaaoaeueiue iaoa-
?eae aeey aea/e caeeth/aiey ii eiie?aoiui oaeoai a i?a-

‘ Aoaianyi A. A., Aieoayoieeia N. I. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 273-290.

2 Ni., iai?.: A?coiaiyi O. I., Oaianaae/ A. A. Aooaaeoa?neay
yenia?oeca i?e ?anneaaeiaaiee, noaeaaiii ?acae?aoaeuenoaa oaieiaiuo
aeae. I., 1975. N. 52-62; Aa?eoianeay Y. A., I?ioi?iaa A. A. I?aaie-
caoeey noaeaaii-aooaaeoa?neie yenia?oecu. I., 1981. N. 30.

3 Iacia/aiea NAY ia i?aaeaa?eoaeueiii neaaenoaee e i?e ?anniio-
?aiee oaieiaiuo aeae. Iaoiaee/aneia ienueii I?ieo?aoo?u NNN?. I.,
1968.

135

aeaeao caaeaiee neaaeiaaoaey. Ii e a yoii neo/aa iniiaie
aeey aea/e caeeth/aiey neoaeao aeieoiaiou ioeoeeaeueiie
aooaaeoa?neie io/aoiinoe’. Ioeaieaay caeeth/aiea NAY, nea-
aeiaaoaeue aeieaeai eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi yenia?o-aooaaeoa? ia
eiaao i?aaa aeaaaoue eaoaai?e/iua caeeth/aiey ia iniiaa
iaeieo oieueei iieacaiee, /a?iiauo caienae eee iaioe-
oeeaeueiuo aooaaeoa?neeo aeieoiaioia. Ii iiaeao eeoue i?i-
ecaanoe aeiiieieoaeueiua ?an/aou, enoiaey ec /a?iiauo caie-
nae iaioeoeeaeueiuo aooaaeoa?neeo aeieoiaioia e iieacaiee
iaaeiyaiuo, ii auaiaeu aeieaeiu oi?ioee?iaaoueny yenia?-
oii eae aiciiaeiua, i?aaeiieaaaaiua. Yenia?o aeieaeai oea-
caoue, /oi anee i?eiyoue ai aieiaiea /a?iiaua caiene, ii-
eacaiey iaaeiyaiuo e i?., oi ?acia? oua?aa iiaeeaaeeo

oiaiueoaieth eee oaaee/aieth. Ieii/aoaeueiia ?ac?aoaiea
yoiai aii?ina ioiineony e eiiiaoaioeee neaaeiaaoaey e, anoa-
noaaiii, noaea.

A ea/anoaa i?eia?a eniieueciaaiey /a?iiauo caienae,
iaioeoeeaeueiuo aooaaeoa?neeo aeieoiaioia i?e i?iecaiae-
noaa NAY e ?anneaaeiaaiee iiaeii i?eaanoe oaieiaiia aeaei
ii iaaeiaieth caaaaeothuae yneyie-naaeii E. a oeuaiee e ii-
eo/aiee acyoie. A oiaea ?anneaaeiaaiey auee iieo/aiu eie-
aa /a?iiauo caienae i oaeoe/aneii eiee/anoaa ioiouai-
iuo ia eooith i?iaeoeoia, a?aea?aaeiue aeo?iae, aaea oeacu- :

aaeenue iaeiaiiaaiey oaeoe/anee i?eaioiaeaiiuo aethae e ‘,
eo ea/anoai, e ioeoeeaeueiua aeieoiaiou (iaeeaaeiua, caai?-
iua eenou, iaith-?aneeaaeee), aaea oeacuaaeenue aethaea, ei-
oi?ua ia i?eaioiaeyeenue, a eiee/anoai yeiau ec?anoiaei- ,
aaiiuo i?iaeoeoia oaaee/eaaeinue. Oae, a eieaa /a?iiauo \
caienae ca 24 ia?oa cia/eony, /oi ‘ec eeaaeiaie naaea ia j
eooith ia?aaeaii 40 ea iyna, a a iaith-?aneeaaeea ca oio aea |
aeaiue nienaii 45 ea; eee a iaith ca 26 ia?oa oeacai ?anoiae |
iyna 15 ea, oiaaea eae a /a?iiaie eieaa caiene i ia?aaea/a |
iyna iao, a a niioaaonoaee n a?aea?aaeiui aeo?iaeii a na- |
aeo aue ?uaiue aeaiue e iyniua aethaea ia i?eaioiaeyeenue. |
Ia iniiaaiee /a?iiaie eieae e a?aea?aaeiiai aeo?iaea a I
oiaea NAY yenia?oii auea ninoaaeaia n?aaieoaeueiay aa-!
aeiiinoue e ii?aaeaeai ?acia? oeuaiey, enoiaey ec aeaiiuo,
niaea?aeaueony a /a?iiauo caienyo.

I?e iaiauaiee ?acoeueoaoia enneaaeiaaiey auei onoa-
iiaeaii, /oi a iaeieo neo/ayo ia iniiaaiee /a?iiauo caie-
nae aue noi?ioee?iaai auaiae i eiee/anoaa iioeuaiiiai;

eiouanoaa, a ae?oaeo-auei ii?aaeaeaii eeoei, o/anoaoth-‘
uaa a oeuaiee, eeai auei noi?ioee?iaaii aeaa auaiaea

‘ Aoaianyi A. A., Aieoayoieeia N. I. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 273-290.
136

(iaeei-ia iniiaaiee /a?iiauo caienae, a aoi?ie-ia in-
iiaaiee ioeoeeaeueiuo aooaaeoa?neeo aeieoiaioia).

Oaeei ia?acii, i?e ?anneaaeiaaiee neiaeiuo caaoaee-
?iaaiiuo oeuaiee aii?inu eniieueciaaiey oae iacuaaa-
iuo “iaioeoeeaeueiuo aooaaeoa?neeo aeieoiaioia” i?eia?a-
oatho nouanoaaiiia cia/aiea, iiyoiio eo iaiaoiaeeii auya-
eyoue iia?aoeaiiio ?aaioieeo e neaaeiaaoaeth e i?aaenoaa-
eyoue aeey enneaaeiaaiey yenia?oo-aooaaeoa?o. Yenia?o aea
iiaeao iieiioeaiii e iauaeoeaii auiieieoue aiceaaaaioth
ia iaai caaea/o oieueei oiaaea, eiaaea ii, o/eouaay ianoiy-
oaeuenoaa aeaea, a i?aaeaeao naiae eiiiaoaioeee eco/eo e en-

neaaeoao a niaieoiiinoe ana ioiinyueany e iinoaaeaiiui
ia?aae iei aii?inai iaoa?eaeu, a oii /enea e /a?iiaua
caiene, iaioeoeeaeueiua aeieoiaiou, eioi?ua, a ethaii neo-
/aa, yenia?o-aooaaeoa? aeieaeai niiinoaaeoue n aeaiiuie ioe-
oeeaeueiie aeieoiaioaoeee e aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa ii yoei
aea iia?aoeeyi’.

Nouanoaaiiia cia/aiea aeey ?ane?uoey e ?anneaaeiaaiey
i?anooieaiee eiatho naaaeaiey, niaea?aeaueany a ienueiao
(cayaeaieyo) iaaeiyaiuo (iiaeic?aaaaiuo) e ae?oaeo eeoe
ia oa?ica oaeenoaa, auiiaaoaeuenoaa “aueoia”, iaiaoiaee-
iinoe oie/oiaeeoue aeieacaoaeuenoaa, aicaeaenoaiaaoue ia nae-
aeaoaeae e ae?oaeo o/anoieeia i?ioeanna n oeaeueth aea/e eie
caaaaeiii eiaeiuo iieacaiee, aeaoue acyoeo neaaeiaaoaeth,
i?ieo?i?o, noaeuea e ae?.

Iacaaiiua iaoa?eaeu iiaoo auoue iieo/aiu a oiaea i?e-
iyoey iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia?, i?e i?iaaaeaiee ?aaeei-
iuo ia?ii?eyoee a oneiaeyo neaaenoaaiiiai ecieyoi?a,
i?aaenoaaeaiu o/anoieeaie oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna a ii?yaeea
no. 70 /. II OIE.

?aniieaaay oaeie eioi?iaoeeae, neaaeiaaoaeue iiaeao
i?aaeeueii aua?aoue iai?aaeaiey ?anneaaeiaaiey, onoaiiaeoue
ianoiiaoiaeaeaiea oaeieeia, iioeuaiiuo oeaiiinoae, ii?a-
aeaeeoue eeieth iiaaaeaiey o/anoaothueo a aeaea eeoe, i?aaeio-
a?aoeoue aiciiaeiinoue oe?uoey iioeuaiiiai, ia aeiionoeoue
niaa?oaiea i?eaeaeaaiuie e ioaaonoaaiiinoe eeoeaie ii-
aiai i?anooieaiey e ae?.

Aaoi?u iacaaiiuo iaoa?eaeia, a aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa
aiynue ?aciaea/aiey, ia oeacuaatho eiie?aoiiai eo eniie-

‘ Ni. iiae?iaiaa: Iaoiaee/aneia ienueii ? 4 Ath?i Ainoaea?noaai-
iie aooaaeoa?neie yenia?oecu “Ii?yaeie eniieueciaaiey aooaaeoa?–
neie yenia?oecie iaioeoeeaeueiie o/aoiie aeieoiaioaoeee ii oiaa?iui
e aeaiaaeiui iia?aoeeyi a i?aaei?eyoeyo ?icie/iie oi?aiaee”- I.,
.1959.

137

ieoaey, a nayce n /ai oaeea aeieoiaiou ia iiaoo ?anniao-
?eaaoueny a ea/anoaa enoi/ieeia aeieacaoaeuenoa.

E?iia oiai, oaeea iaoa?eaeu ia?aaeei eiatho caoeo?i-
aaiiue, caeiaee?iaaiiue oa?aeoa?’. A ieo iiaoo eniieue-
ciaaoueny aea?aii, i?ioanneiiaeueiay oa?ieiieiaey, aeeaeae-
oeciu, oa?aeoa? eioi?uo eiaao nouanoaaiiia cia/aiea i?e
ii?aaeaeaiee aaoi?noaa oeacaiiuo ienai, caienie, aeiaaie-
eia.

Niaea?aeauayny a ieo i?eaioe?othuay eioi?iaoeey ii-
aeao eniieueciaaoueny neaaeiaaoaeai i?e auaeaeaeaiee e i?i-
aa?ea aa?nee, neoaeeoue iniiaaieai aeey i?iaaaeaiey i?ioean-
noaeueiuo aeaenoaee, i?iecaiaenoai eioi?uo caeii ia naycu-
aaao n iaee/eai niaieoiiinoe aeieacaoaeuenoa, a oaeoeea
neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee.

Anee aea ii naiaio niaea?aeaieth eioi?iaoeey eiaao aei-
eacaoaeuenoaaiiia cia/aiea, oi iaiaoiaeeii n iiiiuueth i?i-
oeannoaeueiuo n?aaenoa onoaiiaeoue aaoi?noai oaeeo caienae
(ienai e i?.).

N yoie oeaeueth i?iaiaeyony, eae i?aaeei, oa aea i?ioean-.
noaeueiua aeaenoaey, /oi e i?e onoaiiaeaiee aaoi?noaa /a?-
iiauo caienae, iaioeoeeaeueiuo aooaaeoa?neeo aeieoiaioia
e ii?aaeaeaiee ioiineiinoe e aeinoiaa?iinoe niaea?aeaueo-
ny a ieo naaaeaiee.

Eniieueciaaiea eioi?iaoeee,
niaea?aeauaeny a aiiieiiuo ienueiao
[cayaeaieyo) . Ae…..,

A ianoiyuaa a?aiy nouanoaoao aeinooiiay aeey anao aic-
iiaeiinoue ioe?uoi, ioaee/ii auneacuaaoue ethaua e?eoe/a-
neea caia/aiey a aae?an ethaiai eeoea eee i?aaiecaoeee, i?i-
aicaeaoaiu e aa?aioe?iaaiu n?aaenoaa e aiciiaeiua nii-
niau inia?eaaiey iacaeiiiuo ?aoaiee aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe,
aiciiaeiinoe ane?uoey oao eee eiuo iaaeinoaoeia e i?aaeon-
iio?aiu ?aaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe aeey eo ono?aiaiey.

I?aai eaaeaeiai a?aaeaeaieia aiineoue a ainoaea?noaaiiua
e iauanoaaiiua i?aaiecaoeee i?aaeeiaeaiey ii oeo/oaieth
eo aeayoaeueiinoe, e?eoeeiaaoue iaaeinoaoee i?aaeoniio?aii a

‘Ii naeaeaoaeuenoao eoaeueyineiai noaeuee ?. Ieiiu, ii aeaeai ia-
oee /anoi oeao?e?otho ia?uaee caienae, naeaeaiiuo ia eei/eao ao-
iaae, eciaiaiiua oaeaoiiiua iiia?a, aaea oieueei oio, eoi eo caienae,
ciaao i?aaeeueiue iiia? (Ieiia ?. Iaoey i?ioea caeiia. I., 1988.
N. 236).

.138

no. 49 Eiinoeoooeee NNN?. Onoaiiaeai iaycaoaeueiue aeey1
anao ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia, iauanoaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee
e aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe ii?yaeie ?anniio?aiey aeaeia, cayaea-
iee, ienai o?oaeyueony, eioi?ue iaania/eaaao, n iaeiie noi-
?iiu, i?aaeeueiua yooaeoeaiua ia?u ?aaae?iaaiey ia oa-
eea ienueia, aeaeiau, cayaeaiey, a n ae?oaie noi?iiu, aa-
?aioe?oao caueoo eo aaoi?ia io iaiainiiaaiiiai i?eoan-
iaiey ca ni?aaaaeeeaoth e?eoeeo ni noi?iiu aeieaeiinoiuo
eeoe.

Niaa?oaiii ni?aaaaeeeai oaeie ii?yaeie.i?aaeoniio?ai
aeey oao neo/aaa, eiaaea o?oaeyueany ia?auathony n aeaeiaa-
ie, ienueiaie /anoii, ioe?uoi.

“*oi aea eanaaony anyeiai ?iaea aiiieiiuo iieeaiia,
oi ia?oeeiay oi/ea c?aiey ecaanoia – ei ia aeieaeii auoue
ianoa a iaoae aeecie. Oai, eoi aunooiaao n i?aaaeeaie aea-
eiaie e?eoeeie, iaca/ai ne?uaaoue naia eeoei”‘.

Yoe ianoiyoaeuenoaa i?eaaee e eciaiaieth Oeaca I?a-
ceaeeoia Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa NNN? io 12 ai?aey 1968 aiaea
“I ii?yaeea ?anniio?aiey i?aaeeiaeaiee e aeaeia a?aaeaeai”
(a ?aaeaeoeee Oeaca io 4 ia?oa 1980 a.2), a niioaaonoaee n
eioi?ui ia?auaiey a?aaeaeai, ia niaea?aeauea naaaeaiee ia
eo oaieeee, eiaie, io/anoaa, ianoa aeeoaeuenoaa e ?aaiou,
i?eciathony aiiieiiuie e. ?anniio?aieth ia iiaeeaaeao3.

Iaaeaeo oai aei i?eiyoey oeacaiiuo eciaiaiee ii no?a-
ia a oeaeii iinooiaei 7% “aiiieiie” ec iauaai /enea ca-
yaeaiee e i?aaeeiaeaiee a?aaeaeai, i?e/ai iiaeoaa?aeaeaeinue
ec ieo ieiei 3%4.

Iaeiaei e iinea i?eiyoey Oeaca 1988 aiaea aiiieiiua
cayaeaiey i?iaeieaeatho iinooiaoue a niaaoneea, ia?oeeiua
i?aaiu e iauanoaaiiua i?aaiecaoeee5.

I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi iauaa i?aaeei i oii, /oi aiiiei-
iua cayaeaiey ia aeieaeiu ?anniao?eaaoueny, ia eneeth/aao
aiciiaeiinoe eo eniieueciaaiey, eiaaea iie iinooiatho a i?-
aaiu aeiciaiey, e neaaeiaaoaeth, a i?ieo?aoo?o eee noae.

A oaeeo iaoa?eaeao, eae iieacuaaao eo aiaeec, iiaeao
niaea?aeaoueny neaaeothuay eioi?iaoeey: i niaa?oaiee i?a-
nooieaiey e eeoea, aai niaa?oeaoai; i nouanoaiaaiee e

‘ Iaoa?eaeu XXVI nuacaea EINN. I., 1981. N. 7.

2 Aaaeiiinoe Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa NNN?. 1980. ? 11. No. 192.

3 Aaaeiiinoe Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa NNN?. 1988. ? 6. No. 94.

4 Aunooieaiea A. E. Eoeueyiiaa ia Ananithciii niaauaiee caaa-
aeoeeeeo eaoaae?aie th?eaee/aneeo aeenoeeieei. IAO, 7 aeaeaa?y 1988
aiaea.

s Oeac. aunooieaiea A. E. Eoeueyiiaa.

139

ianoa, aaea iaoiaeyony aeieacaoaeuenoaa; i ianoao, aaea iaoi-
aeyony oaeieee, iioeuaiiua oeaiiinoe; i eeoeao, eioi?ua
iiaoo auoue aeii?ioaiu a ea/anoaa naeaeaoaeae e iiaeoaa?-
aeeoue oaeou, eceiaeaiiua a aiiieiiii cayaeaiee, e o. ae.

Eeoea, eioi?ui eaeei-eeai ia?acii noaei ecaanoii i ni-
aa?oaiee i?anooieaiey, eae i?aaeei, iaoiaeyony a ioiioa-
ieyo neoaeaaiie caaeneiinoe n i?anooiieeaie. Aiynue i?e-
oaniaiey, a eiiaaea e ioe?iaaiiie ianoe ni noi?iiu aeieae-
iinoiuo eeoe, aaoi?u e?eoe/aneeo ienai i?aaeii/eoatho
inoaaaoueny a naieo cayaeaieyo aiiieiiuie’.

N?aaee ieo ia?aaeee eeoea, eioi?ua oaea aiaea/aiu a i?a-
nooiioth aeayoaeueiinoue, ii aua ia niaa?oeee cia/eoaeueiuo
aeaenoaee ii aa ?aaeecaoeee. Ec-ca ia?aoeoaeueiinoe e ia-
eiaeooey iie oaea ia a neeao ioe?uoi cayaeoue ia yoii, oi-
oy, a oi aea a?aiy, iieiinoueth iniciatho aiciiaeiua i?a-
nooiiua iineaaenoaey naiaai aeaeueiaeoaai iiaaaeaiey.

I/aaeaeii, /oi e ia?a/eneaiiui eeoeai, eioi?ua niia-
uatho i oaeoao oeuaiee aac oeacaiey naiaai eiaie, enoi-
aey ec iacaaiiuo niia?aaeaiee, ioiioaiea aeieaeii auoue ia-
neieueei eiui, /ai e aaoi?ai aiiieiiuo ienai, ec niaea?-
aeaiey eioi?uo iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi iie eiatho yaii
inei?aeoaeueiue, eeaaaoie/aneee oa?aeoa?.

Oai aieaa yoi iainiiaaiii aeey oao neo/aaa, eiaaea aii-
iei niiauaao i iiaeaioiaea e niaa?oaieth iianiuo, oyae-
eeo i?anooieaiee, o?aaothueo iacaiaaeeeoaeueiiai ?aaae?i-
aaiey (iiaeaioiaea oaeenoaa, ainoaea?noaaiiiai i?anooiea-
iey, aea/a-iieo/aiea acyoee, auiiaaoaeuenoai-?yeao
e o. i.).

Oaeou aicaeaenoaey ia naeaeaoaeae, e iioa?iaaoeo, oa?i-
cu a eo aae?an, a ia?aaeei e oece/aneay ?ani?aaa i?eaaee
e iaiaoiaeeiinoe ianoaeaeaiey aii?ina e aianaiey a Aa?-
oiaiue Niaao NNN? caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo i?aaeeiaeaiee ia iay-
caiiinoe i?aaiia aeiciaiey, neaaeiaaoaeae, i?ieo?i?ia e
noaeia i?eieiaoue ia?u ii iaania/aieth aaciianiinoe o/ano-
ieeia oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna.

A i?iaeoa eciaiaiee Iniia oaieiaiiai noaeii?iecaiae-
noaa Nithca NN? e nithciuo ?anioaeee i?aaeiieaaaaony aic-
iiaeiinoue naeaeaoaeuenoaiaaiey iiae inaaaeiieiii eeai ia-
?acaeaoaiea iiaeeeiiuo aeaiiuo i ee/iinoe naeaeaoaey (ii-
oa?iaaoaai) a i?ioieiea aeii?ina2.

‘ Ni., iai?.: Naaa ia a?ae/U?aaaea. 1985. 9 oaa?.
2 Noaouey 352 I?iaeoa caeiia NNN? “I aianaiee eciaiaiee e aei-
iieiaiee a Iniiau oaieiaiiai noaeii?iecaiaenoaa Nithca NN? e nithc-
iuo ?anioaeee”.

140

Nouiinoue eioi?iaoeee, niaea?aeauaeny a iaoa?eaeao
?anniao?eaaaiie a?oiiu, ii?aaeaeyao aiciiaeiinoue ^o en-
iieueciaaiey iniaaiii aeey auyaeaiey i?eciaeia i?anooi-
eaiey a noaaeee aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea.

, A yoie noaaeee aiiieiiia ienueii (cayaeaiea) iiaeao
neoaeeoue iiaiaeii e i?iaa?ea aeayoaeueiinoe eiie?aoiuo
aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe, i?aaiecaoeee, i?aaei?eyoee, o/?aaeaeaiee.

Iaeiaei aiiieiiia cayaeaiea ia iiaeao auoue iiaiaeii
eee iniiaaieai e aicaoaeaeaieth oaieiaiiai aeaea, oae eae
cayaeaiey e niiauaiey a?aaeaeai, o/?aaeaeaiee, i?aaei?ey-
oee e i?aaiecaoeee a niioaaonoaee n o?aaiaaieyie no.no. 108,
110, 111 OIE aeey oiai, /oiau aunooiaoue a ea/anoaa oaei-
auo, aeieaeiu enoiaeeoue e auoue oaeinoiaa?aiu eiie?aoiuie
a?aaeaeaiaie e eeoeaie. A neo/aa iinooieaiey aiiieiiiai
ienueia (cayaeaiey) aai i?iaa?ea ia aeieaeia i?iecaiaeeoue-
ny n iiiiuueth i?ioeannoaeueiuo n?aaenoa, oae eae oaieiaii-
i?ioeannoaeueiua ioiioaiey ii i?iaa?ea cayaeaiey eee ni-
iauaiey i i?anooieaiee, naycaiiua n i?eiyoeai i?aaeon-
iio?aiiuo a OIE ia?, aicieeatho oieueei a nayce n iieo/a-
ieai ioeoeeaeueiiai cayaeaiey (niiauaiey).

Niiniaaie i?iaa?ee oaeiai cayaeaiey iiaoo auoue ia-
uee iaaeci? i?ieo?i?a, iia?aoeaii-?icuneiua ia?u, aa-
aeiinoaaiiua i?iaa?ee e i?.

Anee a oiaea i?iaa?ee aiiieiiiai ienueia (cayaeaiey)
oaeou, eceiaeaiiua a iai, iiaeoaa?aeyony, oi iiaiaeii e aic-
aoaeaeaieth oaieiaiiai aeaea, a niioaaonoaee n i. 6 no. 108
OIE, aoaeao iaiin?aaenoaaiiia iaia?oaeaiea i?eciaeia i?a-
nooieaiey niioaaonoaothuei aeieaeiinoiui eeoeii (i?ieo-
?i?, i?aaiu aeiciaiey) eee niiauaiea aeieaeiinoiiai eeoea
i ?acoeueoaoao aaaeiinoaaiiie i?iaa?ee (?aaecee, eiaaioa-
?ecaoeee).

Ii-aeaeeiiio, ia neo/aeii a no. 93 OIE ?NON? 1923 ai-
aea onoaiaaeeaaeinue, /oi aiiieiiua cayaeaiey iiaoo auoue
iiaiaeii e aicaoaeaeaieth oaieiaiiai aeaea iinea eo iaaeaae-
iie i?iaa?ee.

Iinea aicaoaeaeaiey oaieiaiiai aeaea noaeueaa aiiieiii-
ai cayaeaiey aeieaeia ?ac?aoaoueny a caaeneiinoe io oa-
?aeoa?a niaea?aeauaeny a iai eioi?iaoeee. Anee iia ii-
aeao eiaoue aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiia cia/aiea, oi neaaeiaaoaeue
i?aaei?eieiaao ia?u ii onoaiiaeaieth eeoea, iaienaaoaai
aiiieiiia cayaeaiea,

E /eneo oaeeo ia? iiaoo auoue ioianaiu: iniio? aeieo-
iaioa; i?aaeuyaeaiea ienueia aeey iiiciaiey a oiaea aeii?ina
eee a niioaaonoaee n o?aaiaaieyie no. 164 OIE; iieo/aiea

141

ia?acoeia ii/a?ea i?aaeiieaaaaiiai aaoi?a, iacia/aiea ii-
/a?eiaaae/aneie yenia?oecu; aeii?in eeoe, oeacaiiuo a ienue-
ia;.E13uyoea aeieacaoaeuenoa, ianoiiaoiaeaeaiea eioi?uo oea-
cuaaeinue a aiiieiiii ienueia, e ae?oaea aeaenoaey.

Iaiaoiaeeiinoue a onoaiiaeaiee aaoi?a iauyniyaony oai,
/oi a aiiieiiuo cayaeaieyo ia?aaeei niaea?aeaony aeaiiua,
naeaeaoaeuenoaothuea i oe?ieie inaaaeiieaiiinoe aaoi?a a
ianoiyoaeuenoaao i?anooieaiey, /oi, aaconeiaii, aaaeii aeey
neaaeiaaoaey a onoaiiaeaiee e ?ane?uoee anao aai yieci-
aeia.

Eae iieacaei enneaaeiaaiea, aeey yoie oeaee neaaeiaaoaee
ia anaaaea eniieuecotho aiciiaeiinoe ae?oaeo (iiieii ii/a?-
eiaaae/aneie) yenia?oec, oioy iaiaoiaeeiinoue a eo i?iaaaea-
iee ii ?yaeo eco/aiiuo aaoi?ii aeae auea i/aaeaeiie.

Oae, ii oaieiaiiio aeaeo ii iaaeiaieth A. neaaeiaaoaeth
iinooiee ?yae aiiieiiuo ienai, aaea iia eciaee/aeanue a
oeuaiee aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa. I?e i?iecaiaenoaa ii/a?eiaaae-
/aneie yenia?oecu auei aeaii aa?iyoiia caeeth/aiea i i?e-
iaaeeaaeiinoe ienai 3. (nio?oaeieoea, iiae/eiaiiay A. ii
neoaeaa). Ec niaea?aeaiey ienueia auei aeaeii, /oi 3. aeinoa-
oi/ii inaaaeiieaia ia ianoiyoaeuenoaao oeuaiey. Aieaa oi-
ai, eae ieacaeinue iicaeiaa, auea nio/anoieoeae A. a iaeioi-
?uo iacia/eoaeueiuo yieciaeao. Iaeiaei 3. a oiaea aeii?ina
ia i?eciaea, /oi ienueii eniieiaii ath e ae ecaanoiu ia-
noiyoaeuenoaa, i eioi?uo a iai aiai?eony. :

A aeaiiii neo/aa iaiaoiaeeii auei i?iaaaeaiea aeaeoe-
eineiie/aneie yenia?oecu (ii eco/aiiui aeaeai aiiaua ia
iacia/aeanue). Aiciiaeii auei yenia?oiia enneaaeiaaiea ao-
iaae, e?aneoaey e ae?oaeo ienueiaiiuo i?eiaaeeaaeiinoae.

Iaaeinoaoi/ii iieii eniieuecothony iia?aoeaiua aic-
iiaeiinoe i?aaiia aeiciaiey.

Oae, ii?o/aiey i i?iaa?ea oaeoia, eceiaeaiiuo a aii-
ieiiuo ienueiao, aeaaaeenue neaaeiaaoaeyie i?aaiai aeicia-
iey oieueei ii 8 eco/aiiui aeaeai, e oieueei a 6 ec ieo eia-
eenue oaaaeiieaiey (niiauaiey) i i?iaaaeaiee iia?aoeaii-
?icuneiuo ia?. Iaaeaeo oai a oiaea i?eiyoey iineaaeieo
onoaiaaeeaaeenue ianoa, aaea iaoiaeyony aeieacaoaeuenoaa, iiae-
oaa?aeaeathuea oaeou, eceiaeaiiua a ienueia, iai?ioeannoaeue-
iui iooai auee iiaeoaa?aeaeaiu naaaeaiey, eceiaeaiiua a
cayaeaiee, onoaiiaeaiu eeoea, iiaouea a ea/anoaa naeaea-
oaeae iiaeoaa?aeeoue ianoiyoaeuenoaa, eceiaeaiiua a aiiiei-
iii ienueia (cayaeaiee).

Eioa?aniue iiuo onoaiiaeaiey aaoi?ia aiiieiiuo ie-
nai iaeiieai ia?iaeiie iieeoeeae AAe?.

142 .

Oae, iaeii-ec aiiieiiuo ienai, iinooieaoeo ii ii/oa,
auei iiaeaa?aiooi “iaei?ieiae/aneie” eaeaioeoeeaoeeo’.

Neaaeu caiaoa aaoi?a yoiai ienueia niae?aee iooai\eii-
oaeoa ienueia e aaeai?aaioa2 a oa/aiea iyoe aeiae. Aeey n?aa-
iaiey eniieueciaaeenue ia?acoeu caiaoa, ecuyoua o /aou?ao
iiaeic?aaaaiuo e iieo/aoaeae ienueia.

Niaaea oaa?aiii aua?aea ia?acaoe caiaoa iaeiiai ec
iiaeic?aaaaiuo. A aeaeueiaeoai auei onoaiiaeaii, /oi ii
aeaenoaeoaeueii yaeyaony aaoi?ii yoiai ienueia.

Aaconeiaii, /oi aeaaea i?e onoaiiaeaiee aaoi?noaa aii-
ieiiia ienueii ia iiaeao caiaieoue aeii?ina eeoea, aai ninoa-
aeaoaai, /oi ia eneeth/aao aeieacaoaeuenoaaiiiai cia/aiey
aiiieiiiai cayaeaiey a ea/anoaa aeieoiaioa (no. 88 OIE),
enoiaeyuaai io ii?aaeaeaiiiai eeoea. Aaoi?noai e oaeinoiaa-
?aiea oaeiai aeieoiaioa eiie?aoiui eeoeii onoaiaaeeaa-
thony n iiiiuueth i?ioeannoaeueiuo n?aaenoa. Iineaaeiea eee-
aeaee?otho aiiieiiue oa?aeoa? cayaeaiee (ienai) e iicai-
eytho ?anniao?eaaoue eo a ea/anoaa enoi/ieeia aeieaca-
oaeuenoaa.

Iaeiaei iniiaiia iai?aaeaiea a eniieueciaaiee aiiiei-
iie eioi?iaoeee-i?eaioe? aeey neaaeiaaoaey a ?ane?uoee
e ?anneaaeiaaiee i?anooieaiee.

Oaeay eioi?iaoeey iiaeao auoue iiaiaeii e aaaeiinoaai-
iie i?iaa?ea, i?iaaaeaieth iia?aoeaii-?icuneiuo ia?, en-
iieueciaaia aeey auaeaeaeaiey e i?iaa?ee aa?nee, a oaeoeea
neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee, i?e i?eiyoee iaeioi?uo i?ioean-
noaeueiuo ?aoaiee (iniaaiii i i?iecaiaenoaa oaeeo neaaeno-
aaiiuo aeaenoaee, eae iniio?, iaune, aeii?in, i?aaeuyaeaiea
aeey iiiciaiey e i?.).

c 2. *ANOIUA NUNEIUA AAAIONOAA
E IO?AIIUA EIIIA?AOEAU.
ACAEIIAeAENOAEA N AINOAeA?NOAAIIUIE
I?AAIIO?AIEOAEUeIUIE I?AAIAIE

Ie?iaay enoi?ey ?acaeoey aeaoaeoeaiuo neoaea3 ian/eou-
aaao ia iaeii ouny/aeaoea. Ia?aua iiiuoee auaaaeuaaiey

‘ Eniieueciaaiea eiina?ae?iaaiiiai caiaoa a ?ane?uoee i?anooi-
eaiee. Eiee. aaoi?ia. I. – Aa?eei, 1982. N. 17.

2 Aaeai?aaio – iaoa?eae (aaoa, oeaiaeue, aycue e i?.), ia eioi?ue
a oiaea eiioaeoa n iauaeoii – iineoaeai caiaoa ia?aoiaeyo aai caia-
oiaua oa?aeoa?enoeee (oai aea. N. 33-43).

3 Aeaoaeoea (aiae. detective, eao. detectio – ?ane?uaath, ?aciaea-
/ath) – /anoiue nuuee, aaaeouee ?anneaaeiaaiea ii oaieiaiiio aeaeo
(Niaaoneee yioeeeeiiaaee/aneee neiaa?ue. I., 1980. N. 384), aaaio nu-
neiie iieeoeee (Neiaa?ue eiino?aiiuo neia. I., 1989. N. 161).

143

oi?aiaue, aiaiiuo, iieeoe/aneeo nae?aoia ioia/aiu aua a
ae?aaieo Eeoaa, ?eia, A?aoeee, Ia?nee, ssiiiee e ae?oaeo
no?aaeao.

/Aeey yoeo oeaeae niaoeeaeueii aioiaeeenue “oieiiu, aeiii-
n/eee, niaeyaeaoae”1, eioi?ua eeai ca ieaoo, eeai aanei-
?unoii, eeai a neeo i?eioaeaeaiey niae?aee eioa?anothuoth
iaieiaoaey eioi?iaoeeth.

Ii ia?a yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey, aaaeaiey aiei, ?ac-
?aoaiey aeeieiiaoe/aneeo e iieeoe/aneeo aii?inia niaa?-
oainoaiaaeanue aeayoaeueiinoue ainoaea?noaaiiuo ?acaaaeuaa-
oaeueiuo e eiio??acaaaeuaaoaeueiuo i?aaiecaoeee.

Iaeiaei ieacaeinue, /oi ia ana aeaeu ?acaaaeuaaoaeueiuo
e i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo caaea/ (a o. /. aioo?e no?aiu) ii-
aoo auiieiyoue ainoaea?noaaiiua i?aaiu. Yoi i?eaaei e au-
no?iio ?acaeoeth a aieueoeinoaa no?ai aaeaieaoneeo eiioi?,
/anoiuo nuneiuo aaaioia, aeaoaeoeaiuo ath?i e o. ae.

A ?acoeueoaoa a ianoiyuaa a?aiy /enei /anoiuo aeaoae-
oeaia, iai?eia? a NOA, ian/eouaaao aieaa 1 iei. /aei-
aae, /oi aaeaia i?aainoiaeeo /eneaiiinoue iieeoeee. Niaea?-
aeaiea /anoiuo aeaoaeoeaia e io?aiieeia iaoiaeeony aia?e-
eaioeai a noiio, i?aauoathuoth 10 ie?ae. aeieea?ia (aaea-
aiaeiue athaeaeao ieienoa?noaa thnoeoeee ninoaaeyao iaiii-
aei aieaa 1 ie?ae. aeieea?ia)2.

?acaeoa naoue /anoiuo aeaoaeoeaiuo neoaea a Aiaeee e
O?aioeee.

E oneoaai /anoiuo aeaoaeoeaia i?eaaaatho aecianiaiu
aeey i?iieeiiaaiey a /oaeea eiiia?/aneea oaeiu e io?aiu
naieo nae?aoia io eiieo?aioia, nii?iaiaeaeaiey a?ocia, eii-
o?iey ca ?ano?ao/eeaie ia i?aaei?eyoeyo, io?aiu naiae
aeecie e caei?iauey (aeeth/ay /eaiia naiae).

Iieuecothony oneoaaie /anoiuo aeaoaeoeaia, acaeiiaeae-
noaotho n ieie e ainoaea?noaaiiua i?aaiu. *

Oae, aoiiiua yeaeo?inoaioeee a NOA io?aiythony /ano-
iie oe?iie “Aieaioao ei?ii?aeoi”, eioi?ay iniiaaia a
50-o aiaeao auaoei niaoeeaeueiui aaaioii OA? Aeae. Aieai-
oaoii. Oe?ia niaoeeaeece?oaony ia io?aia naa?onae?aoiuo
iauaeoia, i?eiaaeeaaeaueo eae ainoaea?noao, oae e e?oiiae-
oei ei?ii?aoeeyi. “Aieaioao” iiaeaea?aeeaaao oaniua nay-
ce n OA? e i?aaiaie aiaiiie ?acaaaeee, eiaao oe?iei ?ac-
aaoaeaiioth aaaioo?ioth naoue ai iiiaeo no?aiao e aeaaea ec-
aeaao naie aeo?iae3. ” ,

‘ Aanaiia ?. I. Oieiiaae iniaiai ?iaea. I., 1989. N. 10-13.
a Aanaiia ?. I.. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 185-186.
3 Oai aea. N. 186.

144

*anoiua aeaoaeoeaiua neoaeau ai O?aioeee i?eaeaeatho-1
ny ainoaea?noaii aeey auyaeaiey oaeoia oe?uoey aeioiaeia
io iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey, eiatho i?aai iineoue i?oaeea. Nicaeai
e aeaenoaoao neiaeeeao /anoiuo aeaoaeoeaia, eioi?ue i?aae-
noaaeyao eo eioa?anu e au?aaaouaaao yoe/aneea ii?iu ii-
aaaeaiey.

Iaeia ec e?oiiaeoeo aiaeeeneeo /anoiuo neoaea aac-
iianiinoe “Naeuth?eei?” iaania/eaaao io?aio aaieia, ii-
iauaiee oe?i, aeaiaa e ae?aaioeaiiinoae ai a?aiy eo ia?a-
aicee, eeoe, iiaeeaaeaueo aeaii?oaoeee (aunueea ec no?aiu).

Ca auiieiaiea oneoa (a o. /. io?aia eeoe, iiaeeaaeaueo
aeaii?oaoeee) Ieienoa?noai aioo?aiieo aeae Aiaeee ieaoeo
aaeaaiaeii /anoiui io?aiieeai e aeaoaeoeaai aieaa 1 iei.
ooioia noa?eeiaia’.

Nouanoaiaaiea oaeeo th?eaee/aneeo i?aaiecaoeee iauyn-
iyaony ii?aaeaeaiiui o?iaiai niioiioaiey ioaee/iuo e
/anoiuo ia/ae a i?aaa.

I?e yoii ioaee/iua eioa?anu (eioa?anu ainoaea?noaa)
ia aeieaeiu iiae/eiyoue naaa eioa?anu ioaeaeueiuo eeoe, eioi-
?ua iaoiaeyo io?aaeaiea a nenoaia ii?i /anoiiai i?aaa.
Eia/a aiai?y, /anoiia i?aai neoaeeo caueoa eioa?ania io-
aeaeueiie ee/iinoe, a ioaee/iia i?aai-caueoa eioa?ania
anaai iauanoaa.

Yoi iaoei io?aaeaiea a oaeii i?aaiaii einoeoooa, eae
aeeniiceoeaiinoue (dispositio-?anii?yaeaiea), eiaaea eie-
oeeaoeaa ia/aea i?iecaiaenoaa i?eiaaeeaaeeo ioaeaeueiie ee/-
iinoe eee a?oiia eeoe2.

Oaeei ia?acii, /anoiay nuneiay e io?aiiay aeayoaeue-
i?noue a eaieoaeenoe/aneeo ainoaea?noaao eiaao aeaaithth
enoi?eth, e ianoiyuaio a?aiaie auniei?acaeoa e iiaeaea?-
aeeaaao oaniua eiioaeou n ainoaea?noaaiiuie (a o. /. i?a-
aiio?aieoaeueiuie) i?aaiaie.

A iaoae no?aia aei 1988 aiaea any th?eaee/aneay i?aeoe-
ea auea iieiinoueth iiiiiieece?iaaia ainoaea?noaii. A ii-
?aaeaeaiiie ia?a eneeth/aieai iiaeii auei au n/eoaoue aae-
aieaoo?o, eioi?ay e /eneo ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee ia
ioiineony.

Iinea i?eiyoey Caeiia i eiiia?aoeee a no?aia ia/aee
nicaeaaaoueny eiiia?aoeau ii ieacaieth i?aaiauo oneoa ia-
naeaieth e oae iacuaaaiua “io?aiiua eiiia?aoeau”, a a

O Aanaiia ?. I. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 187-188.

2 A niaaoneii i?aaa aeeniiceoeaiinoue oa?aeoa?ia aeey a?aaeaeainei-
i?aaiauo ioiioaiee. ‘

10 Caeac 5297

145

1989 aiaeo a no?aia iiyaeeinue ia?aia /anoiia nuneiia ath?i
“Aeaen”. Enoi?ey aai nicaeaiey oaeiaa’.

?aoaieai Niieueieineiai ?aeeniieeiia Eaieia?aaea
? 303 io 23 oaa?aey 1989 aiaea aue ca?aaeno?e?iaai ei-
iia?aoea “I?ao/ao”, iniiaiie onoaaiie ooieoeeae eioi?iai
yaeyaony ieacaiea iiiiue eiiia?aoeaai e eiui i?aaie-
caoeeyi a aaaeaiee aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa e i?iaaaeaiea aei-
eoiaioaeueiuo ?aaecee ii aeiaiai?ai n ?acee/iuie i?aa-
iecaoeeyie e eiiia?aoeaaie2.

25 iay 1989 aiaea ?aoaiea Niieueieineiai ?aeeniieei-
ia ca ? 474 a onoaa eiiia?aoeaa “I?ao/ao” auee aianaiu
eciaiaiey ooieoeee eiiia?aoeaa. A eo /enea auee i?aaeon-
iio?aiu:

eiinoeueoe?iaaiea a?aaeaeai ii aii?inai a?aaeaeainei-
ai, naiaeiiai, o?oaeiaiai e oaieiaiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa;

ninoaaeaiea ii i?inueaa a?aaeaeai aeaeia, cayaeaiee
e i?i/eo aoiaa;

io?aia aeecie, caei?iauey e ee/iiai eiouanoaa a?aae-
aeai, eiiia?aoeaia e ae?oaeo i?aaiecaoeee;

ieacaiea iiiiue ?iaeeoaeyi a onoaiiaeaiee iiaaaea-
iey eo aeaoae i?e ioeeiiaieyo io ii?iu iiaaaeaiey;

?icune eeoe ii eneo eee ae?oaei i?aoaiceyi a?aaeaeai;

ii?aaeaeaiea aeinoiaa?iinoe aeaeiauo e oeaiiuo aoiaa;

ieacaiea iia?aoeaiie iiiiue aaeaieaoai, i?aaiai
ieeeoeee e iauanoaaiiui i?aaiecaoeeyi3.

Iinea yoiai auei iauyaeaii ia ia?aciaaiee /anoiiai
nuneiiai ath?i “Aeaen” aioo?e (i?aaiecaoeeiiii) eiiia?a-
oeaa “I?ao/ao”.

“Aeaeno” n iiiiuueth n?aaenoa ianniaie, eioi?iaoeee au-
ea naeaeaia oi?ioay ?aeeaia4. A ?acoeueoaoa yoiai e nai-
oya?th 1989 aiaea “Aeaen” oieueei ioeoeeaeueii5 ian/eouaae
aieaa 30 /aeiaae (i?aeiouanoaaiii auaoeo ?aaioieeia
IAAe, EAA, i?ieo?aoo?u). Ia/aee ioe?uaaoueny aai oeeea-
eu a ae?oaeo ai?iaeao no?aiu.

Iaeiia?aiaiii n yoei a Eaieia?aaea auee nicaeaiu eiiia-
?aoeau, eioi?ua ieacuaatho ainoaea?noaaiiui i?aaieca-
oeeyi, eiiia?aoeaai e a?aaeaeaiai oneoae ii io?aia i?iec-

‘O Aaoi? n/eoaao iaiaoiaeeiui e?aoei aa eceiaeeoue, oae eae iia
iicaieyao i?iaiice?iaaoue aeaeueiaeoaa’ ?acaeoea iiaeiaiuo i?aaie-
caoeee. . O

2 I?eaiaeeony a eceiaeaiee.

3 I?eaiaeeony aeineiaii. . . .

4 “Aeaen” aa?ao neaae//Eeo. aac. 1989. 5 ethey. ? 27. O

5 Ii aeaiiui aaoi?a, e yoiio a?aiaie a “Aeaena” oaeoe/anee
?aaioaei ieiei 400 /aeiaae. – ”

146

aaaenoaaiiuo, neeaaeneeo, oi?aiauo e ae?oaeo neoaeaaiuo ii-
iauaiee, onoaiaaeeaatho io?aiioth e iiaea?ioth neaiaee-
caoeeth ii aeiaiai?iui ?anoeaieai, auiieiytho ae?oaea aeaeu
?aaio.

E aeayoaeueiinoe oaeeo eiiia?aoeaia i?eaeaeathony ii
o?oaeiaiio niaeaoaieth e ?aaioieee ieeeoeee, ninoiyuea
ia neoaeaa a i?aaiao aioo?aiieo aeae (ieeeoeeiia?u, o/ano-
eiaua einiaeoi?a, ?aaioieee oaieiaiiai ?icunea, AONN),

E naioya?th 1989 aiaea a Eaieia?aaea ian/eouaaeinue ai-
eaa 40 io?aiiuo eiiia?aoeaia, a a Ynoiineie NN?-iei-
ei 30. Oi/iia eiee/anoai ?aaioieeia ieeeoeee, ?aaioath-
ueo a oaeeo eiiia?aoeaao, iaecaanoii, ii, ii aeaiiui Ea-
ieia?aaeneiai oic?an/aoiiai iauaaeeiaiey “Io?aia”, eo /en-
eaiiinoue (ieeeoeeiia?ia aiaaaaeiinoaaiiie io?aiu) i?a-
auoaao 250 /aeiaae.

Ioia/aii iiyaeaiea nuneiuo ath?i (aaaionoa) e io?ai-
iuo eiiia?aoeaia a ae?oaeo ai?iaeao no?aiu: Iineaa, Iiai-
neae?nea, ?eaa, Iiaieociaoeea, Iao?icaaiaenea, Aeia-Aoa.

30 ieoya?y 1989 aiaea a Iineianeie iaeanoe ninoiyeanue
o/?aaeeoaeueiay eiioa?aioeey ii nicaeaieth Annioeeaoeee aeaoae-
oeaiuo neoaea Nithca NN? (AAeN “Aeaen”). A ?aaioa eii-
oa?aioeee o/anoaiaaee i?aaenoaaeoaee aeaoaeoeaiuo neoaea
oeacaiiuo ai?iaeia, eioi?ua i?eiyee Onoaa AAeN “Aeaen” e
Ia?auaiea ei anai iauanoaaiiui e eiiia?aoeaiui aeaoae-
oeaiui neoaeaai Nithca NN?.

Annioeeaoeey iinoaaeea ia?aae niaie neaaeothuea oeaee:

o/anoea a ?aaioa a?aaeaeai, ainoaea?noaaiiuo e iaua-
noaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee ii nicaeaieth i?aaiaiai ainoaea?noaa;.

i?ioeeaeoeea ia?ooaiee nioeeaeenoe/aneie caeiiiinoe;

ieacaiea i?aaiauo, nuneiuo e io?aiiuo oneoa niaao-
neei e eiino?aiiui eeeaioai;

iiaeaioiaea e ia?aiiaeaioiaea eaae?ia aeaoaeoeaiuo neoaea,
iaania/aiea eo th?eaee/aneie e iaoiaee/aneie eeoa?aoo?ie;

niaeaenoaea /eaiai Annioeeaoeee a i?eia?aoaiee oao-
ie/aneeo n?aaenoa e iaiin?aaenoaaiii i?iecaiaenoaaiiay aeay-
oaeueiinoue;

niaeaenoaea’ a nicaeaiee aeaoaeoeaiuo neoaea a ?aaei-
iao NNN?; . –

aiaoiayeiiiie/aneea eiioaeou (o/?aaeaeaiea oeeea-
eia e i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoa a NNN? e ca ?oaaaeii)’.

ONiioaaonoaaiii yoiio auee ii?aaeaeaiu e i?aaa AAeN

1 I?eaiaeeony aeineiaii.
10* 147

“Aeaen”, eioi?ua eiatho aanueia iaoe?iue oa?aeoa?: io
auaea/e eeoeaicee ia caiyoea aeaoaeoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoueth
aei ecaeaiey eeoa?aoo?u.

Aiieia iiiyoii, /oi nicaeaiea nuneiuo (iieneiai-?i-
cuneiuo) e io?aiiuo eiiia?aoeaia ia i?ioei iacaia/ai-
iui aeey ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia.

N aieueoie aeieae oaa?aiiinoe iiaeii ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi
ioiioaiea IAAe, EAA, I?ieo?aoo?u NNN? e oaeei i?aai neaaeiaaoaeyie4.

2. I?ioeaaeo?ii-i?eaioe?iaaiiue oa?aeoa? iaoiaeee i?e-
aycuaaao iieueciaaoaey e ii?aaeaeaiiiio yoaio i?iecaiaeno-
aa ii aeaeo (aicaoaeaeaiea oaieiaiiai aeaea, i?iecaiaenoai
iaioeiaeiuo neaaenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee e o. ae.) e neaaeothuaio
ca iei iaai?o i?ioeaaeo?, eioi?ue, eae i?aaeei, eeai ia aei-
ioneaao eiuo aa?eaioia iiaaaeaiey, eeai ia eiie?aoece?i-
aai i?eiaieoaeueii e neooaoeee.

I/aaeaeii, /oi no?aieaiea i?aiaeieaoue yoio iaaeinoaoie
aucaaei eiie iiaeoiae e eiino?oe?iaaieth /anoiuo e?eie-
iaeenoe/aneeo iaoiaeee, aaea oeaeaaie iiaeoiae i?aiaeaaeaao
iaae i?ioeaaeo?iui.

A ea/anoaa i?eia?a iiaeii i?eaanoe iaoiaeeee, ?ac?a-
aioaiiua ai AIEE IAAe NNN? N. A. Aeiia?aaeiaui e
I. A. Iia?eiui5. .

‘ Niaaoneay e?eieiaeenoeea. Oai?aoe/aneea i?iaeaiu. I., 1978.
N. 171.

2 Oai aea. N. 169. ., . .

3 Niaaoneay e?eieiaeenoeea. N. 182-183. ‘ –

4 Eioa?anii, /oi aua A. A?iiia oeacuaae ia iaiaoiaeeiinoue aaee-
iiia?aciie onoaiiaee iaoiaeia a ?aaioa ii oeaeiio ?yaeo aeae aeey anao
i?aaiia, i?eieiathueo o/anoea a ?anneaaeiaaiee i?anooieaiee (A?i-
iia A. Iaoiaeeea ?anneaaeiaaiey i?anooieaiee. I., 1930. N. 3).

5 Ni., iai?.: Aeiia?aaeia N. A. Aeieacuaaiea aeiiaiinoe ianiaa?-
oaiiieaoiaai a ecianeeiaaiee. I., 1986; Iia?ei I. A. Oeie/iua nii-
niau oeuaiee nioeeaeenoe/aneiai eiouanoaa a io?aneyo ieuaaie e
eaaeie i?iiuoeaiiinoe, I., 1983.

155

A aeaiiuo iaoiaeeeao iniiaiia aieiaiea oaeaeyaony i?e-
ciaeai, oeacuaathuei ia niaa?oaiea i?anooieaiey, oa?ae-
oa?enoeea eeoe, eo niaa?oeaoeo, e enoi/ieeai eioi?iaoeee.
Oaeoe/anee oaeea iaoiaeeee i?aaenoaaeytho niaie iiiuoeo
nicaeaiey ia iaoiaeee .?anneaaeiaaiey, a iaoiaeee aeieacuaa-
iey ‘iacaaeneii io yoaiia .i?iecaiaenoaa ii aeaeo e noauae-
oia “aeieacuaaiey” (iia?aoeaiue ?aaioiee, neaaeiaaoaeue,

NOAe).

Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi ii oaeiio aea i?eioeeio iino?ia-
ia /anoue nenoaiu eioi?iaoeee ii oaieiaiui aeaeai a Aaia-
?ee, aaea iia (yoa /anoue) iacuaaaony modus operandi1. Aai-
aa?neea e?eieiaeenou n/eoatho, /oi nenoaia modus operandi
iaeaieaa i?eiaieia e i?aaenoaaeaieth ciaiee (i?ioannei-
iaeueiiai iiuoa) i ?ane?uoee oeuaiee, e?aae ni aceiiii,
iioaiie/anoaa2.

Nenoaia modus operandi aeaeeony ia iiaenenoaiu eeoe,
iauaeoia e aeayiee, aeaenoaothueo eae nenoaiu eioi?iaoeee
oaieiaii-?icuneiiai iacia/aiey, eioi?ua, a naith i/a?aaeue,
aeeth/atho a naay iiiaeanoai ae?oaeo iiaenenoai, iauaaeeiai-
iuo iaaeaeo niaie a oeaeyo iienea, n?aaiaiey, aiaeeca ei-
oi?iaoeee. I?e yoii iiiyoey, n eioi?uie ?aaioatho iiaene-
noaiu, noi?ioee?iaaiu oae, /oiau eo iaeeiaeiai iiieia-
ee eae neaaeiaaoaee, oae e ?aaioieee oaieiaiiai ?icunea.
Oaeoe/anee modus operandi anoue i?eioeei, nenoaia, a ia
oieueei o/ao3.

Iaeiia?aiaiii n yoei ?acaeaaeanue oai?ey e i?aeoeea
nenoaiaoecaoeee ciaiee aeey aaiaea a eiiiuethoa?ioth iaiyoue
e iineaaeothuaai eniieueciaaiey. I?e/ai e caeanue aiaeece?i-
aaeenue aeaa iniiaiuo niiniaa i?aaenoaaeaiey ciaiee: aeaeea-
?aoeaiue (oeaeaaie) e i?ioeaaeo?iue4.

Iaeiaei a ianoiyuaa a?aiy iaeaieaa ia?niaeoeaiui
n/eoaaony iiiyoeeiue niinia i?aaenoaaeaiey eioi?iaoeee,
eioi?ue “iauaaeeiyao” aeaeea?aoeaiue e i?ioeaaeo?iue nii-
niau5. I?e/ai eniieueciaaiea iiiyoeeiiai niiniaa aeieaeii
niioaaonoaiaaoue ?yaeo iniiaiuo iieiaeaiee.

‘ Modus operand! – niinia aeaenoaee, iaoiaeu eiai-eeai eee ia-
oaieci aeaenoaey /aai-eeai (Neiaa?ue e?ueaouo eaoeineeo neia, I.
1988. N. 456).

2 Aeeyiea iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna ia th?eaee/aneoth aeeciue
I, 1988. N. 234.

3 Aeeyiea iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna ia th?eaee/aneoth aeacyue
Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 237-238.

4 Eaa?ia N. N., Oeaeoeei A. N. *oi oaeia i?aaenoaaeaiea e eniieue-
ciaaiea ciaiee a iaoeia? Iao/ii-oaoie/aneay eioi?iaoeey. Na?ey 2.
Eioi?iaoeeiiiua i?ioeannu e nenoaiu. IAe 1989. ? 5. N. 3.

5 Oai aea. N. 3-4.

156

1. ?anoe?yaiinoue e aeaeinoue nenoaiu ciaiee, ?ann?a-
aeioi/aiiinoue eioi?iaoeee ii ioaeaeueiui iaaieueoei iiaeo-
eyi. . –

2. I?eaycea i?ioeaaeo? e-iiiyoeyi eee eiaeeaeaeoaeueiui
iauaeoai. O

3. Aiciiaeiinoue aeey iaeiie neooaoeee eee oeaee oeacu-
aaoue ia iaeio i?ioeaaeo?o, a iiiaeanoai i?ioeaaeo?.

4. Aeinooi e aeaiiui (a o. /. e e aucuaaaiui i?ioeaaeo-
?ai) iin?aaenoaii neiaieueiuo eiai.

5. Aiciiaeiinoue iauaaeeiaiey eioi?iaoeee ia iaeiii iau-
aeoa, i?eoaaeoae ec ?aciuo enoi/ieeia.

6. Aiciiaeiinoue iaieioee?iaaiey aioiauie aeieaie
aeaiiuo e aeaenoaee.

7. I?aa?auaiea ooaa?aeaeaiee e caaea/ a eiie?aoiua aeae-
noaey, iaiythuea oaeouoth eioi?iaoeeth a nenoaia’.

Ia/eiay n 1987 aiaea, aaoi?ii (n o/anoeai nooaeaioia)
i?iaiaeeony ?aaioa ii nicaeaieth iaoiaeee auyaeaiey e ?an-
e?uoey oeuaiee a ?acee/iuo io?aneyo ia?iaeiiai oicyeno-
aa, eioi?ua au (iaoiaeeee) eiaee eiiieaeniue oa?aeoa?.

Eiiieaeniue oa?aeoa? iaoiaeee ninoieo a oii, /oi a
ieo i?eaiaeyony i?eciaee, oeacuaathuea ia niaa?oaiea oe-
uaiey, eeoea-eo aiciiaeiua o/anoieee e enoi/ieee ei-
oi?iaoeee i ieo, naaaeaiey i eioi?uo iiaoo auoue eniieueci-
aaiu e a noaaeee i?iaa?ee, e a i?ioeanna ?anneaaeiaaiey (aei-
eacuaaiey), e a oiaea noaeaaiiai ?acae?aoaeuenoaa ethaui
o/anoieeii iacaaiiuo noaaeee oaieiaiiai i?ioeanna.

Iaeia ec oaeeo iaoiaeee2 ii auyaeaieth e ?ane?uoeth oe-
uaiee a no?ieoaeuenoaa i?eaaaeaia a i?eeiaeaiee 2.

I?eeaaaaiay iaoiaeeea niaea?aeeo ia?a/aiue oeie/iuo
niiniaia oeuaiee iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae e aeaiaaeiuo
n?aaenoa, niaa?oaaiuo a iiae?yaeiuo no?ieoaeueiuo i?aaieca-
oeeyo, e i?eciaeia, aiciiaeii oeacuaathueo ia eo niaa?-
oaiea.

Oeacaiiue a ?aaioa ia?a/aiue niiniaia e i?eciaeia oe-
uaiee ia yaeyaony en/a?iuaathuei. Oeuaiey a no?ieoaeue-
noaa niaa?oathony e eiuie niiniaaie, ii iie ia niaoeeoe/-
iu aeey yoie io?anee (iai?eia?, iaiai iieo/aoaeae i?e
ioionea no?ieoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia ni neeaaea ia iauaeo) e
iiyoiio ia ?anniao?eaathony.

‘ Eaa?ia N, N., Oeaeoeei A. N. Oeac. noaouey. N. 6-7.
2 Aaoi?ii ?ac?aaioaiu aiaeiae/iua iaoiaeeee ii auyaeaieth e
?ane?uoeth oeuaiee a noa?a eoeueoo?u, oeaoeeiai i?iecaiaenoaa, caai-
oiaee iieiea, i?eaiee e ia?ae/iie ia?a?aaioee neioa, i?iecaiaenoaa
oeaaiaoei/iuo e eeea?i-aiaei/iuo ecaeaeee.

157

E?iia oiai, ia iienuaathony i?eciaee, oeacuaathuea ia
auaic e nauo iioeuaiiuo no?ieoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia (ia-
i?eia?, oaeou ioionea no?ieiaoa?eaeia /anoiui eeoeai),
a oaeaea i?eciaee ecuyoey aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa ec nicaeaiii-
ai ?aca?aa (iai?eia?, iaee/ea a ia?yaeao auiuoeaiiuo
eeoe), oae eae iie oa?aeoa?iu aeey anae niaieoiiinoe niio-
aaonoaothueo niiniaia.

Iaoiaeeea iino?iaia a aeaea ia?a/iy i?eciaeia e nii-
niaia, naaaeaiiuo a iieneiaoth oaaeeoeo. A caaeneiinoe io
iaoiaeia iieo/aiey eioi?iaoeee ana i?eciaee eeanneoeoee-
?othony ia yeiiiie/aneea, oaoiieiae/aneea, oiaa?iaaae/a-
neea, aooaaeoa?neea1 e i?eciaee, auyaeyaiua iia?aoeaii-
i?ioeannoaeueiui iooai. Aeey eaaeaeiai niiniaa oeacuaatho-
ny oaeaea aeieoiaiou, iiaeeaaeauea enneaaeiaaieth, e e?oa
eeoe, aiciiaeii i?e/anoiuo e i?anooieaieth.

I?eciaee noi?ioee?iaaiu oaeei ia?acii, /oiau ec eo
iaeiaiiaaiey auoaeaea oa?aeoa?enoeea enoi/ieeia e
niiniaia iieo/aiey naaaeaiee i i?eciaeao. Yoi aeaei aic-
iiaeiinoue ecaaaeaoue eiino?oe?iaaiey yaii au?aaeaiiie
i?ioeaaeo?iie /anoe iaoiaeeee, nin?aaeioi/eoue iniiaiia aie-
iaiea ia oeaeaaie /anoe, i?aaeinoaaeoue aiciiaeiinoue iia?a-
oeaiiio ?aaioieeo e neaaeiaaoaeth auae?aoue eiie?aoiua
n?aaenoaa iieo/aiey naaaeaiee i i?eciaeao a caaeneiinoe
io neooaoeee e naieo iieiiii/ee.

Oaeei ia?acii, a iaoiaeeea ?aaeeciaaiu neaaeothuea ec
oeacaiiuo naie i?eioeeiia i?aaenoaaeaiey ciaiee:

1. Oeaee e i?ioeaaeo?u ?ane?uoey (a oi/iaa aeieacuaaiey)
“i?eaycaiu” e oi/ii ii?aaeaeaiiie a?oiia iauaeoia e naie-
noaaiiie ei niaieoiiinoe i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oaoiieiae/aneeo
i?ioeannia e iiiyoee, oa?aeoa?ecothueo i?iecaiaenoai no?ie-
oaeueii-iiioaaeiuo ?aaio. I?e iino?iaiee iaoiaeeee ii
ia?a?aaioea neioa i?aaeiaoii aiaeeca yaeyaony eeoue iaeia
noaaeey i?iecaiaenoaa e iaeei aeae aeeaioiiaiae/aneie i?iaeoe-
oeee – e?oiiue ?iaaoue neio. I?e iiaeaioiaea iaoiaeeee ii
?ane?uoeth oeuaiee a eeea?i-aiaei/iii i?iecaiaenoaa iau-
aeo enneaaeiaaiey oaeaea eiie?aoece?iaai-i?iecaiaenoai
aiaeee ec nie?oa.

2. Ana naaaeaiey a iaoiaeeea i?aaenoaaeaiu n iiiiuueth
nenoaiu neiaieia, eioi?ua au?aaeaiu a oaeeo iiiyoeyo,
eae “i?eciae oeuaiey, aeieoiaio, eeoei”, e i?iioia?iaaiu

* Aaoi? n/eoaao iaiaoiaeeiui ioiaoeoue aeeneonneiiiue e a ecaa-
noiie ia?a oneiaiue oa?aeoa? i?aaeeaaaaiie eeanneoeeaoeee, eiay a
aeaeo i?aaeaea anaai ionoonoaea /aoei au?aaeaiiuo e?eoa?eaa eo ?ac-
a?aie/aiey,

158

a ii?aaeaeaiiie iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe, /oi iaania/eaaa’
no?ue aeinooi (iiene) e aeaiiui.

3. Naiaeiay iieneiaay oaaeeoea aeaao aiciiaeiinoue iaua-
aeeieoue eioi?iaoeeth ia iaeiii iauaeoa (niiniaa oeuaiey),
aeaaea anee iia iinooiaao ec ?aciuo enoi/ieeia e iieo/aia
?aciuie niiniaaie. E?iia oiai, oaaeeoea iicaieyao iia?e-
?iaaoue oeaeuie aeieaie aeaiiuo i i?eciaeao i?anooieaiey
e auoaeathueo ec ieo aeaenoaeyo, oeacuaay i?e yoii ia
iaeei, a ianeieueei iooae aeinoeaeaiey oeaee.

4. Niinia iienaiey i?eciaeia oeuaiey iicaieyao i?a-
a?auaoue oeaee e caaea/e ?anneaaeiaaiey (a /anoe onoaiiaea-
iey i?eciaeia) a eiie?aoiua aeaenoaey.

Aeaaea a “?o/iii” aaciaoeiiii aa?eaioa iaoiaeeea ii-
aeao auoue eniieueciaaia neaaeothuei ia?acii.

I?e iieo/aiee ia?ae/iie eioi?iaoeee i ceioiio?aaea-
ieyo a no?ieoaeuenoaa neaaeoao ia?aoeoueny e ia?a/ith i?ec-
iaeia e iaeoe niioaaonoaothuee. Caoai i?iniio?aoue iaia-
oiaeeiue ?acaeae a naiaeiie iieneiaie oaaeeoea e auaeaeeoue
a iae niinia (niiniau), aaea aeaiiue i?eciae niaea?aeeony.
Niaieoiiinoue ae?oaeo i?eciaeia oeaaeao iai?aaeaiea i?i-
aa?i/iie aeayoaeueiinoe eeai ?anneaaeiaaiey. Aeaeueiaeoa-y
?aaioa aeieaeia i?iecaiaeeoueny n o/aoii ia?a/iae i?ecia-
eia, naaaeaiiuo a niinia oeuaiey.

Oae i?e iieo/aiee naaaeaiee i ae?oaeo i?eciaeao oeua-
iey iieueciaaoaeue aiiaue ia?auaaony e iieneiaie oaaeeoea
e iouneeaaao niinia, a eioi?ii ano?a/aaony niaieoiiinoue
onoaiiaeaiiuo i?eciaeia, /oi noaeaao noa?o aeaeueiaeoae
iieneiaie aeayoaeueiinoe.

Ia?a/ie i?eciaeia iiaoo eniieueciaaoueny aeey ii?aaeaea-
iey iai?aaeaiee eieoeeaoeaiie iieneiaie ?aaiou, auya-
eaiey iiauo yieciaeia a oiaea ?anneaaeiaaiey oeuaiey.

Ia?a/ie i?eciaeia e niiniaia eiatho “ioe?uoue” oa-
?aeoa?, aeey /aai a iaoiaeeea inoaaeaiu niioaaonoaothuea
ianoa. I?e iieo/aiee eioi?iaoeee i niiniaa oeuaiey,
eioi?ue a oaaeeoea ia niaea?aeeony e ninoieo ec iiaie eii-
aeiaoeee oeacaiiuo a iaoiaeeea i?eciaeia, oaeie niinia
neaaeoao aeiienaoue a naiaiaeioth iieneiaoth oaaeeoeo.

A neo/ayo iieo/aiey naaaeaiee i iiauo i?eciaeao
iieueciaaoaeth iaiaoiaeeii aeiiieieoue niioaaonoaothuee ia-
?a/aiue e naiaeioth iieneiaoth oaaeeoeo. Oai naiui aeinoeaa-
aony ?anoe?yaiinoue e aeaeinoue iaoiaeeee.

Niaa?oaiii eiua aiciiaeiinoe eniieueciaaiey iiaeia-
iuo iaoiaeee ioe?uaathony a neo/aa i?eiaiaiey eiiiueth-
oa?iie oaoieee e oaoiieiaee.

169

Nia?aiaiiua i?ia?aiiiua n?aaenoaa iicaieytho nicaea-
aaoue iiaue eeann eioi?iaoeeiiiuo nenoai, eiathueo ia
noieueei ni?aai/iue, neieueei niaaoothuee, yenia?oiue oa-
?aeoa?’, iaeaa/athuee iieueciaaoaeth aiaeec eioi?iaoeee

-(aeaaea eiaaea aa iao) e i?eiyoea ?aoaiee.

Oeacaiiue a iaoiaeeea niinia i?aaenoaaeaiey ciaiee
ecia/aeueii iaoeiii-i?eaioe?iaai, a eiathueany ca?oaaae-
iua e ioa/anoaaiiua iaeaou i?eeeaaeiuo i?ia?aii iicai-
eytho aaanoe naaaeaiey, niaea?aeaueany a iaoiaeeea, a ia?ni-
iaeueioth YAI2.

I?aaenoaaei naaa, /oi oaeea yenia?oiua nenoaiu nic-
aeaiu.

Ai-ia?auo, yoi iiiaie?aoii oauno?yao iiene ioaeiuo
naaaeaiee.

Ai-aoi?uo, yenia?oiui iooai3 iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue ?aia,
“aan” eaaeaeiai i?eciaea, o/eouaay /anoioo aai ano?a/aa-
iinoe eeai “i?eaeiaeueiinoue”, /oi aoaeao oeacuaaoue iaeai-
eaa ia?niaeoeaiua iai?aaeaiey i?iaa?i/iie aeayoaeueii-
noe, eeai ?anneaaeiaaiey, iiaeao eiaoue nouanoaaiiia cia-
/aiea aeey auaeaeaeaiey aa?nee, i?e i?eiyoee i?ioeannoaeue-
iuo ?aoaiee e o. ae.

A-o?aoueeo, iaee/ea “iauaai eioi?iaoeeiiiiai iiey”
oaeeo iaoiaeee e aaaeiinoaaiiuo eioi?iaoeeiiiuo nenoai
iicaieeo ia?aeoe io i?ecuaia e iaueo ?aeiiaiaeaoeee4 e
nicaeaieth ?aaeueii aeaenoaothueo “noi?iaeaauo” nenoai e

Oeniieueciaaieth eo a oeaeyo yeiiiieei-i?aaiaiai aiaeeca.

A-/aoaa?ouo, iooai aiaeeca iia?aoeaiuo iaoa?eaeia,
oaieiaiuo aeae e ii?ina i?aeoe/aneeo ?aaioieeia iiaeii
auaeaeeoue ia?a/aiue i?eciaeia, iaiaoiaeeiuo e aeinoaoi/iuo
aeey i?eiyoey ?aoaiey i aicaoaeaeaiee oaieiaiiai aeaea,
i?aaeuyaeaiey iaaeiaiey, ieii/aiey ?anneaaeiaaiey, iinoa-
iiaeaiey i?eaiai?a, ii?aaeaeaiey caeiiiinoe i?eiyouo ?a-
oaiee e o. ae. Yoei iaania/eaaaony aiciiaeiinoue eniieueci-
aaiey oaeeo yenia?oiuo nenoai iacaaeneii io yoaiia i?i-
ecaiaenoaa e noauaeoia aeieacuaaiey.

‘ Iiae?iaiaa ia yenia?oiuo nenoaiao ni., iai?.: Oioa?iai Ae. ?o-
eiaiaenoai ii yenia?oiui nenoaiai. I., 1989; Yenia?oiua nenoaiu:

Ninoiyiea e ia?niaeoeau. I., 1989.

2 Oaeay ?aaioa aaaeaony a Aeaaeaiee, AIEE e Ai?ueeianeie aun-
oae oeiea IAAe NNN?,

3 Eiaaony a aeaeo eco/aiea oaieiaiuo aeae, eioa?auethe?iaaiea
(a o. /. iaoeiiia) iaeaieaa iiuoiuo e iiaeaioiaeaiiuo iia?aoeaiuo
?aaioieeia, neaaeiaaoaeae, noaeae.

4 *a?eania A. I. Io?aia nioeeaeenoe/aneie nianoaaiiinoe a onei-
aeyo aaoiiaoecaoeee o/aoa. Ai?ueeee, 1989.

160

Oaeoe/anee oaeay yenia?oiay nenoaia i?aa?auaaony a
nenoaio, iaania/eaathuoth ia oieueei iiene aeieacaoaeuenoa,
ii e eo ioeaieo.

Caeanue aicieeaao aii?in i aeiionoeiinoe aa eniieueciaa-
iey.

A niioaaonoaee n o?aaiaaieyie OIE aeieacaoaeuenoaa
ioeaieaathony i?aaiaie aeiciaiey, neaaeiaaoaeai, i?ieo?i-
?ii, noaeii ii naiaio aioo?aiiaio oaaaeaeaieth (no. 71
OIE). Caeanue aea, ia ia?aue acaeyae, aicieeaao aiciiae-
iinoue i?aaeneacuaaiey i?ioeannoaeueiuo ?aoaiee, a i?e
aeinoeaeaiee ii?aaeaeaiiie noaiaie iaaeaaeiinoe oaeay ye-
nia?oiay nenoaia iiaeao i?aa?aoeoueny a eino?oiaio i?aae-
?aoaiey i?ioeannoaeueiuo ?aoaiee e “iaoaieci eiio?iey
ca aioo?aiiei oaaaeaeaieai” neaaeiaaoaey eee noaeuee.

Aii?in i aeiionoeiinoe oaeeo nenoai ianoaeaeaaony a
oai?ee e i?aeoeea oaieiaiiai noaeii?iecaiaenoaa eaieoa-
eenoe/aneeo ainoaea?noa.

Oae, a NOA noaoenoe/aneie ia?aaioea ia YAI i?aae-
iieaaaaony iiaeaa?aiooue ?aoaiey noaeia ca aeeeoaeueiia a?a-
iy. Iieo/aiiua aeaiiua aoaeoo nin?aaeioi/aiu a iao?e/iuo
Ooaaeeoeao, eioi?ua ninoaayo iniiao iiaeaeae i?eiyoey ?a-
oaiee oai eee eiui ninoaaii noaea1. Eae ooaa?aeaeaao
A. A. Eiaaeaa, ionthaea oieueei oaa aei iieiiai ?ac?ooaiey
i?ioeannoaeueiie oi?iu e iiiuoie nicaeaoue “yeaeo?iiiiai
noaeueth”, eioi?ua a NOA oaea eiatho yenia?eiaioaeueioth
i?i?aaioeo2.

I/aaeaeii, /oi i?aaeeaaaaiay aaoi?ii yenia?oiay nen-
oaia a ii?aaeaeaiiie ia?a “oaeaea iaiiieiaao yeaeo?ii-
iiai noaeueth”.

Iaeiaei neaaeoao o/anoue, /oi ioeaiea aeieacaoaeuenoa ii
aioo?aiiaio oaaaeaeaieth i?aaeiieaaaao ananoi?iiiee, iie-
iue e iauaeoeaiue aiaeec aeieacaoaeuenoa a eo niaieoi-
iinoe, aicaiaey oaeie aiaeec a ?aia iaycaoaeueiiai e caei-
iiaeaoaeueii cae?aieaiiiai o?aaiaaiey (no. 71 OIE).

E?iia oiai, neaaeiaaoaeue a iaaeieoaeueiii caeeth/aiee
{no. 205 OIE), a noae a i?eaiai?a (no. 314 OIE) iaycaiu
oeacaoue iioeau, a niioaaonoaee n eioi?uie iie iainii-
auaatho naia ?aoaiea iaeieie aeieacaoaeuenoaaie e ioaa?-
aatho ae?oaea. “I?ioeaiai?noai” iaaeaeo yenia?oiie nen-
oaiie e oaie ?aeiiaiaeaoeeyie, eioi?ua a iae nin?aaeioi-
/aiu, n iaeiie noi?iiu, neaaeiaaoaeai eeai noaeueae, iaoi-

‘ Eiaaeaa A. A. E?ecen caeiiiinoe a nia?aiaiiii ao?aeoaciii
oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. Aaoi?, aeieo. aeenn. I., 1986. N. 21,
2 Eiaaeaa A. A. Oeac. ?aaioa. N. 21-22.

11 Caeac 5297

161

aeyueieny a eiie neooaoeee e iaeaaeathueie ioee/iie io
yenia?oiie nenoaiu niaieoiiinoueth aeieacaoaeuenoa, n ae?o-
aie noi?iiu, i?eaaaeao neaaeiaaoaey e aeiiieieoaeueiie e
iiiaie?aoiie i?iaa?ea naiaai oaaaeaeaiey a i?aaeeueiinoe
i?eieiaaiiai ?aoaiey. A neo/aa, anee ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ye-
nia?oiie nenoaiu neaaeiaaoaeai ia i?eieiathony, oi i?e-
iyoia ei ?aoaiea aeieaeii iiiieieoue yenia?oioth nenoaio
iinea iienaiey iaiaoiaeeiuo ianoiyoaeuenoa (i?eciaeia,
eeoe, aeieoiaioia) a niioaaonoaee n oeacaiiuie i?eioee-
iaie.

Eia/a aiai?y, ianiio?y ia oi, /oi yenia?oiay nenoaia,

aeaenoaoy ii i?eioeeio “anee.., oi …”, eniieuecoao yeaiai-
ou /aeiaa/aneie eiaeee, /aeiaaeii iia ia noaiiaeony,
neieue au niaa?oaiiie ie auea. O/eouaay eiie?aoii-ei-
aeeaeaeoaeueiue e iaiiaoi?eiue oa?aeoa? eaaeaeiai i?anooi-
eaiey, yenia?oiay nenoaia eiaao aeey neaaeiaaoaey niaaoo-
thuee, ?aeiiaiaeaoaeueiue oa?aeoa?, oae eae iia anoue eeoue
?acoeueoao iaiauaiey aiaeiae/iuo i?aoeaaeaioia, a ieii-
/aoaeueiia ?aoaiea auei e inoaaony ca neaaeiaaoaeai eeai.
noaeii.

A yoii niunea niioaaonoaea (ianiioaaonoaea) ?aaeueiie
neooaoeee, a eioi?ie iaoiaeyony eeoei, i?iecaiaeyuaa aeicia-
iea, neaaeiaaoaeue, noae, i?ieo?i?, e neooaoeee, niaea?aeauae-
ny a iaiyoe eiiiuethoa?a, aoaeao enoi/ieeii iai?ioeanno-
aeueiie eioi?iaoeee e a?yae ee a iaic?eiii aoaeouai ia-
?aeaeao a noaoon enoi/ieea aeieacaoaeuenoa.

Oaeay iai?ioeannoaeueiay eioi?iaoeey iiaeao auoue en-
iieueciaaia i?aaiii aeiciaiey, neaaeiaaoaeai a oao aea ia-
i?aaeaieyo, /oi e eiua aeaeu iai?ioeannoaeueiuo aeaiiuo.

OI?eeiaeaiea 1

I?EIA?IUA IA?ACOeU
IAEIOI?UO AeIEOIAIOIA

I?IOIEIE
onoiiai ‘cayaeaiey

a. Aieaene 30 ai?aey 1989 a.

No. iia?oiieiiii/aiiue OAONN OAAe Aieaeneiai iae-
eniieeiia eaieoai ieeeoeee Eaaiia I. A. a niioaaonoaee
n o?aaiaaieyie no.no. 109, 110 OIE ?NON? a naiai ?aai-
/ai eaaeiaoa i?eiye onoiia cayaeaiea io a?aaeaeaieia Aea-
auaeiaa Iao?a Eaaiiae/a

1948 a. ?iaeaeaiey, o?iaeaioea a. Eino?iiu,
. ?onneiai, ia?aciaaiea n?aaeiaa, aania?oee-
iiai, ?aaioathuaai oioa?ii aoi?iai oe-
eeaea Aieaeneiai aaoio?ainii?oiiai eii-
aeiaoa ? 2 e i?iaeeaathuaai ii aae?ano:

a. Aieaene, oe. Eeeiiaa, ae. 7, ea. 1, a oaei-
noiaa?aiee naiae ee/iinoe i?aaeuyaeaoaai
ianii?o na?ee OI ? 730158, auaeai 3. X.
1979 a. Naa?aeeianeei ?IAAe a. Aieaenea.

Ia ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca caaaaeiii eiaeiue aeiiin ii-no. 180
OE ?NON? i?aaeoi?aaeaeai: Aeaauaeia.

Aeaauaeia I. E. cayaee neaaeothuaa.

Ia i?ioyaeaiee aeanyoe eao y ?aaioath aiaeeoaeai a?o-
ciaie aaoiiaoeiu ia aoi?ii oeeeaea Aieaeneiai aaoi-
o?ainii?oiiai eiiaeiaoa ? 2. Ca yoi a?aiy iia ie ?aco
ia aeinoaaaeanue iiaay iaoeia. E aio 17 ai?aey 1989 a.

e iai ia aaoieiiaeiao iinooieee iyoue iiauo a?ociaeeia.
ss n?aco iioae e ia/aeueieeo oeeeaea Ei/a?aeio A. E.
e iii?inee aai ia?anaaeeoue iaiy ia iiaoth iaoeio. Ei/a?-
aei iia neacae, /oi a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue iiaua aaoiiiaeee
ia?aaeaaeoo ia?aaeiaeeai i?iecaiaenoaa, o eioi?uo noa?ua
iaoeiu. Iia aea, eae iiyniee Ei/a?aei, ?aii aua noaaeoue
yoio aii?in. Ia yoii iu e ?annoaeenue. *a?ac aeaa aeiy y
ociae io ia/aeueieea aaoieieiiiu Coaaa I. E., /oi o?e

164

iaoeiu oaea ?ani?aaeaeeee, i?e/ai iie aeinoaeenue iaaeen-
oeeieeie?iaaiiui aiaeeoaeyi, eioi?uo ia ?ac caaea?aeeaa-
ee ca eniieueciaaiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai o?ainii?oa a ee/-
iuo oeaeyo. 20 ai?aey 1989 a. ieiei 16.00 /. y niiaa caoae
e Ei/a?aeio a eaaeiao e ni?inee, ii/aio ae?oaei, a
oii /enea ia?ooeoaeyi, aeatho iiaua iaoeiu, a iia, o ei-
oi?iai oieueei aeaaiaea?iinoe, ioeacuaatho.

Ei/a?aei neacae, /oi iia aeaei e?ooeoue aa?aieo, a ia
eiio?iee?iaaoue aeaenoaey aaeieieno?aoeee. Iinea yoiai, ii-
iie/aa e niaiea oii, aeiaaaee, /oi iiaeao iia iieoe iaano-
?a/o e iiiuoaoueny ?aoeoue aii?in iieiaeeoaeueii, oieueei
ca oaeoth iiiiuue iaaei caieaoeoue 500 ?oa. ss n?aco iiiye,
i /ai eaeao ?a/ue, e neacae, /oi o iaiy nae/an iao oaeeo
aeaiaa. Ei/a?aei neacae: ia iia oaay o/eoue, eae eo ca?aai-
oaoue, e i?aaeeiaeee iiaeoiaoue o?e aeiy. A yoio aea aeaiue y
ia?aoeeny e naiaio ciaeiiiio aiaeeoaeth iaoaai oeeeaea,
Coaeiao Aeeoi?o e iii?inee o iaai a aeiea 200 ?. Aio
y neacae,, /oi aeaiueae iia ioaeiu ia iieoieo iiaiai, oiei-
aeeeueieea. Aeoiath, /oi ii aeiaaaeaeny, ca/ai iia aeaiueae,
oae eae i iieo oiaeaeaieyo e Ei/a?aeio ii ciae. E aiia-
ua o ian n iei oaea ?aiueoa aue ?acaiai? i oii, /oi Ei-
/a?aei “ia/eno ia ?oeo”. Aaeeinoaaiiia eeoei, eioi?iio y
neacae i?yii i auiiaaoaeuenoaa Ei/a?aeiui aeaiaa, – yoi
iiy aeaia Aeaauaeiaa Aa?a Iao?iaia. Aieueoa ia yoo oaio
y ie n eai ia ?acaiaa?eaae.

Ia?aoeoueny a ieeeoeeth n aeaiiui cayaeaieai y ?aoee
iioiio, /oi eiaaea-oi aaaeue iaaei ia/eiaoue ai?ioueny n yoei
ceii. E y aioia iiii/ue i?aaiai ieeeoeee a eciaee/aiee
acyoi/ieea. I oii, /oi y ?aoee ia?aoeoueny a ieeeoeeth,
ieeoi ia ciaao. Aeaiueae /a?ac o?e aeiy y aeieaeai i?eianoe ‘
Ei/a?aeio i?yii a eaaeiao. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy noiiie,-
eioi?oth o iaiy auiiaaao Ei/a?aei, y ?aniieaaath e nia-
eanai aa eniieueciaaoue aeey eciaee/aiey acyoi/ieea oieueei
a oii neo/aa, anee iia iia aoaeao iioii aica?auaia.

?aiaa y neuoae io aiaeeoaeae, /oi Ei/a?aei ca iiaua
iaoeiu auiiaaao aeaiueae, e anee i?iaa?eoue aiaeeoaeae”
eioi?ua iieo/aee Iineaaeiaa a?aiy iiaua iaoeiu, iay-
caoaeueii eoi-oi neaaeao, /oi o ieo auiiaaee aeaiueae. N?aaee
ieo AEeoa?aa Ieeieae, O Iieicia TH?ee, Ieeeoei Aeaaee-
ie?.

I?ioieie cayaeaiey iiith i?i/eoai ee/ii, caienaii n
iieo neia i?aaeeueii.

Aeaauaeia I. E.
No. iia?oiieiiii/aiiue OAONN Eaaiia I. A.

165

AEO

a. Aieaene io 30 ai?aey 1989 a.

No. iia?oiieiiii/aiiue OAONN OAAe Aieaeneiai iae-
eniieeiia eaieoai ieeeoeee Eaaiia I. A. n o/anoeai
i?aaenoaaeoaeae iauanoaaiiinoe: Iaea?iaa I. I., i?iaee-
aathuaai ii aae?ano: oe. E. Ia?ena, ae. 4, ea. 7; Iao?i-
aa I. E., i?iaeeaathuaai ii aae?ano: oe. Naaa?iay, ae. 24,
ea. 3, a i?enoonoaee cayaeoaey Aceiiaa Ae. A. ninoaaee
ianoiyuee aeo i oii, /oi naai /enea e ianyoea a 10 /.
10 iei. a neoaeaaiii eaaeiaoa i?iecaae ia?aaioeo aeaiaa
a noiia 400 ?., i?aaenoaaeaiiuo cayaeoaeai Aceiiaui Ae. A.
Oeacaiiua aeaiueae ieaeaneaaeothueo eoith?, na?ee e iiia-
?ia: 50 ?.-ssE ? 6206048; ssE ? 6206041;AE ? 3105048;

OeA ? 3106305; 25 ?. – OA ? 5103062; ssE ? 6032048;

EO ? 6013051; E? ? 6093292; EE ? 3334059;

ATH ? 3042020; AE ? 3024021; EA ? 3352404 auee ia?a-
aioaiu niaoeii?ioeii, a ia iieyo eaaeaeie ec eoith? o/e-
iaia iaaeienue “Acyoea 30.04.89 a.”. Ia?aaioaiiua aeaiueae
auee inaauaiu a eo/ao oeueo?aoeieaoiaiai naaoa eaiiu
IEAe-41 e ia eaaeaeie ec eoith? iaia?oaeaiu /anoeoeu ii-
?ioea aeaeoi-caeaiiai oeaaoa, a ia iieyo /eoaeanue iaaeienue
“Acyoea 30.04.89 a.”.

Iinea yoiai aeaiueae a noiia 400 ?. auee aica?auaiu
cayaeoaeth Aceiiao Ae. A., a ia?acoeu niaoeii?ioea e ?in-
/a?ea niaoeea?aiaeaoa oeiaeaiu a ii/oiaue eiiaa?o, eioi-
?ue iia/aoai aoiaaeiie iaeeaeeie n iiaeienyie auoaoea-
caiiuo eeoe.

Aeo i?i/eoai anai aneoo, caienaii aa?ii.

I?aaenoaaeoaee iauanoaaiiinoe:

Cayaeoaeue
No. iia?oiieiiii/aiiue OAONN

Aeo iaaethaeaiey

Iaea?ia I. I.
Iao?ia I. E.
Aceiia Ae. A.
Eaaiia I. A.

a. Aieaene 23-24 ethey 1989 a

No. iia?oiieiiii/aiiue OAONN OAAe Aieaeneiai iae-
eniieeiia no. eaeoaiaio ieeeoeee *aeaiia N. I., yenia?o-
e?eieiaeeno YEI OAAe Aieaeneiai iaeeniieeiia eaieoai
ieeeoeee Aeoeei TH. I. i?e o/anoee a?aaeaeaieia Oeeeiia-

1Ue6

aa TH?ey Ieeieaaae/a, i?iaeeaathuaai a a. Aieaenea ii
oe. A. Neae?yeia, ae. 79, ea. 10, a i?enoonoaee Einaaa Aea-
aeeie?a Ai?eniae/a, i?iaeeaathuaai a a. Aieaenea ii oe.
Iaa?aaa, ae. 42, ea. 1, e Eoeooeia Aiae?ay Ieoaeeiae/a,
i?iaeeaathuaai a a. Aieaenea ii oe. 9 yiaa?y, ae. 54, ea. 4,
ninoaaeee ianoiyuee aeo i oii, /oi 23 ethey 1989 a. n 8.00
aei 20.00 e 24 ethey 1989 aiaea n 8.00 aei 20.00 iaie aani?a-
?uaii i?iecaiaeeeinue iaaethaeaiea ca neoaeaaiui auoiaeii
eiiaeeoa?neiai oeaoa eaoa “Neae?ue” n oeaeueth i?iaa?ee ca-
yaeaiee a?aaeaeai i ceioiio?aaeaieyo ni noi?iiu aeieae-
iinoiuo e iaoa?eaeueii ioaaonoaaiiuo eeoe yoiai eaoa,
eioi?ua ecaioaaeeaatho iao/oaiioth i?iaeoeoeeth iooai ec-
aioiaeaiey iaaeia?iea/anoaaiiie eiiaeeoa?neie i?iaeoeoeee e
iaaeiaeiaeaiey ‘nu?uey. A i?ioeanna iaaethaeaiey i?iecaiaee-
eanue nuaiea iia?oci/ii-?aca?oci/iuo ?aaio, naycaiiuo
n ioioneii eiiaeeoa?neeo ecaeaeee a oeeeaeu eaoa. Nuai-
ea i?iecaiaeeeanue ia aeaeaiiaaieoioii “Iaianiiee” i?e
anoanoaaiiii inaauaiee.

A oiaea iaaethaeaiey auei onoaiiaeaii, /oi 23 ethey
1989 aiaea a 8.55 e eaoa “Neae?ue” iiaeuaoaea aaoiiaoe-
ia AAC-24 “Oo?aii”, ain. iiia? 82-07 AAEA, eoaea auee
caa?oaeaiu:

a) oi?o, oi?ia eaaae?aoiay, aaeue aa?o n ?enoieii a
eiee/anoaa 22 oooe;

a) oeaaiue eioie n “iieaiii” a o?e ?yaea ii 25 oooe,
anaai 75 oooe;

a) aeaa oeaaiuo eioea ia/aiuey “iani/iia”;

a) yuee 30o20o60 n ia/aiueai “iani/iia”;

ae) oi?o, oi?ia eaaae?aoiay, aa?o /a?iue, aaeua oci-
?u- 4 oooee;

a) oi?o, oi?ia e?oaeay, aaeue aa?o n ?enoieii, a ei-
ee/anoaa 24 oooe.

A 10.20 iinea iia?ocee oeacaiiay aaoiiaoeia oaoaea.
Iiaeuaoaea aiiaue a 12.05. A iaa auei caa?oaeaii:

a) aeaa eioea oeaaiuo n ie?iaeiuie “eieueoei” a 6 ?y-
aeia ii 5 oo. e naa?oo 5 ?yaeia, anaai a iaeiii eioea 150
oooe, a a aeaoo – 300 oooe;

a) iaeei oeaaiue eioie n ie?iaeiui “aeaco?ue” a iyoue
?yaeia ii 8 oooe, anaai 40 oooe.

Iinea iia?ocee a 13.00 aaoiiaoeia 82-07 AAEA oaoa-
ea. Aa?ioeanue aaoiiaoeia a 18.20 e ia caa?oaeaeanue. Aei
20.00 23.07.89 a. ioa?ocea ec eaoa ia i?iecaiaeeeanue.

24 ethey 1989 a. a 8.30 iiaeuaoaea aaoiiaoeia AAC-24
“oo?aii” ain. iiia? 82-07 AAEA. A iaa auei caa?oaeaii:

167

a) aeaa oeaaiuo eioea n aao?ooeie (oeiaeaii a ianeieue-
ei ?yaeia e naa?oo iaaaeii);

a) oi?o, oi?ia eaaae?aoiay, oe?aoaia ?enoieii “nao-
ea” – 6 oo.;

a) ie?iaeiia “aeaco?ue” o?e eioea ii 40 oooe, anaai ;

120 oo.; ‘

a) ie?iaeiia caaa?iia – iaeei oeaaiue eioie, oeiaeaii
a ianeieueei ?yaeia e iaaaeii naa?oo;

ae) “?ii-aaaa” a aeaa neiy ia oeaaiii eioea;

a) oi?o, oi?ia eaaae?aoiay, aa?o aaeue-6 oooe;

ae) eaen-aoeea – 60 oooe ia o?ao oeaaiuo eioeao;

c) eioie n aao?ooeie, oeiaeaia a ianeieueei ?yaeia “n

aa?oii”;

.e) “?ii-aaaa” ia oeaaiii eioea-45 oooe;

e) ie?iaeiia “aeaco?ue” – 40 oooe.
Iinea iia?ocee aaoiiaoeia 82-07 AAEA oaoaea e

iiaeuaoaea a 12.15, iinea /aai a iaa auei caa?oaeaii:

a) oeaaiue eioie n aao?ooeie a ianeieueei ?yaeia “n
aa?oii”;

a) o?e oeaaiuo eioea n eaen-aoeeie ii 20 oooe, a ana-
ai 60 oooe;

a) oi?o, oi?ia eaaae?aoiay, n eenoi/eii, aaeue, a ei-
ee/anoaa 31 oooea;

a) ei?iaea 30o40o30 n ia/aiueai “iani/iia” (oeiaea-
ii aei aa?oa). .

Iinea iia?ocee a 12.15 aaoiiaoeia 82-07 AAEA oaoa-
ea e aei 20.00 24.07.89 a. ieeaeeo iia?oci/iuo ?aaio ec
eiiaeeoa?neiai oeaoa eaoa “Neae?ue” ia i?iecaiaeeeinue.

Iinea ninoaaeaiey aeoa e i?iniio?a aeaeaicaiene ca-
ia/aiee e cayaeaiee io i?enoonoaothueo eeoe ia iinooieei.

Yenia?o YEI OAAe ‘ TH. I. Aeoeei

TH. I. Oeeeiiia
A. A. Einaa
A. I. Eoeo oei

No. iia?oiieiiii/aiiue N. I. *aeaiia

Aeo iaaethaeaiey

a. Aieaene 15 naioya?y 1989 a.

Iia?oiieiiii/aiiue Oeaio?aeueiiai ?IAAe a. Aieaenea
eaieoai ieeeoeee Ao?aiia A. I., n o/anoeai Oeueiaa
TH?ey Oaaei?iae/a, i?iaeeaathuaai a a. Aieaenea ii oe. Ia-
iiaa, ae. 18, ea. 39, e *aeiieiaa Ieeieay Eaaiiae/a, i?i-

168

aeeaathuaai a a. Aieaenea ii oe. ?iaeeiiiaa, ae. 39, 15 nai-
oya?y 1989 a, a ia?eiae n 11 /. aei 12 /. 40 iei. i?iaiaeee
iaaethaeaiea ca oi?aiaeae iaoaueth ec eeinea iaaaceia ? 6″
Aieaeneiai ai?i?iioi?aa, eioi?ue ?aniieiaeai ia oeaio-
?aeueiii ?uiea a. Aieaenea.

A oiaea iaaethaeaiey onoaiiaeaii:

A 11 /. e oeacaiiiio eeineo iiaeuaoaea aaoiiaoeia
AAC-53 “oo?aii”, iiia?iie ciae 66-55 AAEI. Ec oo?ai-
ia a eeine auei aua?oaeaii 10 ea?oiiiuo ei?iaie ?acia-
?aie i?eia?ii 70o50o60 ni., ia eioi?uo eiaeanue yoe-
eaoea “e?inniaee 10 oo., oeaia 35 ?oa.”.

A 11/. 25 iei. iacaaiiay aaoiiaoeia oaoaea, a eein-
ea?, aeaiueia 30-32 eao, iaeaoay a oe?iaiiue oaeao ni”
cia/eii “iaaacei ? 6 Ai?i?iioi?aa” ia/aea i?iaeaaeo-
e?inniaie. Ae?oaeo oiaa?ia ia aeo?eia e a i?iaeaaea ia:

auei.

A ia?eiae n 11 /. 40 iei. aei 12 /. 40 iei. e?inniaee-
auee ?ani?iaeaiu 65 iieoiaoaeyi, noiyaoei a i/a?aaee.

A oiaea iaaethaeaiey auee onoaiiaeaiu 6 iieoiaoaeae;

” e?inniaie:

1. Aeoa?iaa Ieia Eueaiaia, i?iaeeaathuay a a. Aieaene
, ii oe. Ai?iie, 16 (eoieea aeaa ia?u). .

2. Ii?aoi Aiaoieee Ieeieaaae/, i?iaeeaathuee a.
a. Iineaa, oe. Aoaeaiiiai, ae. 6, ea. 118 (eoiee I ia?o).

3. Eioiaa Ieueaa Iao?iaia, i?iaeeaathuay a a. Na?a-
oia, oe. Ie?a, ae. 18, ea. 39 (eoieea 2 ia?u).

4. Ea?anaaa Ethaeieea Aaneeueaaia, i?iaeeaathuay BF
a. Aieaene, oe. Iaai?iay, 5 (eoieea 1 ia?o).

5. Eoiaa Ay/aneaa Aiaoieueaae/, i?iaeeaathuee a;

a. Aieaene, oe. Aeia?iethaiaa, ae. 13, ea. 13 (eoiee 1 ia?o).

6. A?eai?ueaaa Aeeoi?ey Eueaiaia, i?iaeeaathuay a-
a. Aieaene, oe. *eaeiaa, ae. 35, ea. 10 (eoieea 1 ia?o).

A oiaea iaaethaeaiey i?eiaiyeanue oioinuaiea. Oioiai-
ia?aoii “Eeaa-10” ia ieaieo 130 aae. noioia?aoe?iaaiu:

?aca?ocea iaoae ec aaoiiaoeiu;

i?iaeaaea e?inniaie a 11 /. 30 iei., 11 /. 50 iei. e aa
12 /. 10 iei;

i?eia?aoaiea e?inniaie Aeoa?iaie I. E., Ii?ao-
iii A. I., Eaoiaie I. I., Ea?anaaie E. A., Eoiaaui A. A.-
e A?eai?ueaaie A. E.

Aeo iaaethaeaiey iaie ee/ii i?i/eoai, caia/aiee-e aei-
iieiaiee ia eiaai.

Oeueia TH. O.
*aeiieia I. E.
Iia?oiieiiii/aiiue AONN Ao?aiia A. I.

169

Aeo iaaethaeaiey

a. Aieaene 8 iay 1989 a.

A niioaaonoaee n caaeaieai ia/aeueieea IAONN Oeaio-
?aeueiiai ?IAAe a. Aieaenea ae?oaeeiieee caaiaea “No?ie-
aeaoaeue” a. Aieaenea Einoei. Aeaenae Iaaeiae/, Eaaei
Aiae?ae Caoa?iae/ a ia?eiae n 11 aei 13 /ania 8 iay 1989 a.
i?iecaiaeeee iaaethaeaiea ca ioioneii aaiceia ia ACN-2,
?aniieiaeaiiie ii i?. Aaaa?eia, 37.

Iaaethaeaieai onoaiiaeaii neaaeothuaa: i?e auacaea e
auacaea ia ACN-2 i?aaeoi?aaeaeathuaa iauyaeaiea: “Oieueei
aeey ainoaea?noaaiiiai o?ainii?oa”.

Ca a?aiy iaaethaeaiey ia ACN-2, i?aaeiacia/aiiie aeey
cai?aaee o?ainii?oa iauanoaaiiiai iieueciaaiey, aiaeeoa-
,-eyi aaoiiaoei n ainiiia?aie eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo aeaaeaeue-
oeaa aue ioiouai aaicei ia?ee AE-93:

a) 33-66 AAE-“Aieaa” AAC-24 na?iai oeaaoa-20 e.

a) 86-48 AY-“AEeaoee” AAC-2103 e?aniiai oeaa-
oa-20 e.,

a) 47-85 AAE-“AEeaoee” AAC-2102 neiaai oeaaoa-
30 e.,

aaicei ia?ee A-76:

a) 44-22 AAE-“Iineae/” 2140 aieoaiai oeaaoa-
25 eAe

a) 58-85 AAE – “OAC-469” oaiii-caeaiiai oeaaoa –
40e. ,. .

Ca yoi aea a?aiy cai?aaueoea -ioeacaea a ioionea aai-
ceia aiaeeoaeyi….,

A oiaea iaaethaeaiey n iiiiuueth oioiaiia?aoa “Caieo-A”
ia ieaieo 250 aae. i?iecaiaeeeinue oioia?aoe?iaaiea
oaeoia cai?aaee iacaaiiiai o?ainii?oa. Anaai ecaioiaea-
ii 7 oioinieieia.

I?eeiaeaiea: 7 oioinieieia e iaaaoeau.

Einoei A. I.
Eaaei A. 3.

AEO

iaaethaeaiey e i?eiaiaiey oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa

a. Aieaene 26 naioya?y 1989 a.

A nayce n i?iaa?eie cayaeaiee a?aaeaeai i auiiaao?eue-
-noaa o ieo aeaiaa a?aaeaeaieie Eoae?yoiaie E. I. iiie,

170

iia?oiieiiii/aiiui AONN Oeaio?aeueiiai ?IAAe a. Aieae-
nea Naaeiaui A. ?., n o/anoeai nio?oaeieea YE.I OAAe
a. Aieaenea Ieeiiiaa I. I. a i?enoonoaee:

1. Iiieiaa Ia?ea Eaaiiae/a, i?iaeeaathuaai a
a. Aieaene ii oe. Iaaeaeaiiaie, ae. 17, ea. 3, e

2. Aaeiaie Ieueae Ieeieaaaiu, i?iaeeaathuae a
a. Aieaene ii oe. Iao?iaa, ae. 56, ea. 73,

auei i?aaieciaaii iaaethaeaiea ai aeai?a ae. 80 ii
oe. E. Ia?ena. A 11 /. 45 iei. ai aeai? iacaaiiiai aeiia
aioea a?aaeaeaiea Eoae?yoiaa e naea ia eaai/eo ieiei
aeaoneie ieiuaaeee. A 11 /. 50 iei. ai aeai? aioea a?aae-
aeaiea ?aa?iaa O. I., eioi?ay iiaeioea e Eoae?yoiaie e
naea ?yaeii n iae ia eaai/eo. A oa/aiea naie ieioo EoAe-
?yoiaa e ?aa?iaa ?acaiaa?eaaee iaaeaeo niaie, iinea /aai
?aa?iaa ia?aaeaea Eoae?yoiaie aacaoiue naa?oie, Eoae?y-
oiaa ?acaa?ioea naa?oie. A iai ieacaeenue aeaiueae. Iinea
yoiai Eoae?yoiaa aeaiueae ia?an/eoaea, aiiaue caaa?ioea eo
a aacaoo e iieiaeeea naa?oie a naith noieo.

Oiae e ?acoeueoaou iaaethaeaiey oeene?iaaeenue n iiii-
uueth aeaeaiiaaieoioiia “Iaianiiee”. Aeaeaicaienue i?i-
niio?aia o/anoieeaie iaaethaeaiey, caia/aiee e aeiiieia-
iee ia iinooieei.

Aeo iaaethaeaiey e i?eiaiaiey oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa ia-
ie ee/ii i?i/eoai, caia/aiee e aeiiieiaiee ia eiaai.

Iiieia I. E.
Aaeiaa E. I.
Ieeiiia I. I.
Iia?oiieiiii/aiiue Naaeia A. ?.

Oaieiaiia aeaei ? 85153900

Eiiey.

?anniio?aii Ai?iiaaeneei iaeanoiui noaeii
ii ia?aie einoaioeee ii iaaeiaieth
Ieioieeiaa e ae?oaeo ii no. 173 /. II OE ?NON?

a. Ai?iiaae 6.09.85 a.

No. i/o OAONN OAAe Ai?iiaaeneiai iaeeniieeiia Eo-
ieoeui I. I.’, n o/anoeai eiaeaia?a YEI OAAe Ai?iiaae-

‘ Oaieeee o/anoieeia eciaiaiu.
171

neiai iaeeniieeiia Aii/a?iaa I. TH.” n o/anoeai i?eaea-
oaiiuo a ea/anoaa iiiyouo:

naai /enea n 14 aei 17 /an. ec aaoioo?aiia, iinoaaeai-
iiai o iinoa E?N, ?aniieiaeaiiiai ca ?aeie Aeii ia Eo?-
neie o?aina, i?iaiaeee iaaethaeaiea ca ii?yaeeii i?iaa?ee
?aaioieeaie E?N aaoiaonia, neaaeothueo ia?o?ooaie eae
a a. Ai?iiaae, oae e ia?aoii.

Ii?yaeie i?iaa?ee aaoiaonia oeene?iaaeny ia aeaeai-
eannaoo n iiiiuueth aeaeaiiaaieoioiia IA-180 oe?iu
“Iaianiiee”, i /ai ninoaaeai ianoiyuee i?ioieie.

Iiaeiene o/anoieeia

AEO

eiio?ieueiie iieoiee

a. Aieaene 18 iiya?y 1989 a.

Iia?oiieiiii/aiiue IAONN Oeaio?aeueiiai ?IAAe
a. Aieaenea no. eaeoaiaio ieeeoeee Eo/a?ia E. I. n o/a-
noeai aiaooaoiuo nio?oaeieeia AONN A?oaiueaaa Iao?a
Eaaiiae/a e Ai?eniaa Aaneeey A?eai?ueaae/a 18 iiya?y
1989 a. a 17 /an. 30 iei. i?iecaae eiio?ieueioth caeoieo
i?iaeoeoia a iaaaceia ? 12 Oeaio?aeueiiai ?IO, ?aaioath-
uaai ii iaoiaeo naiiianeoaeeaaiey.

Aiaooaoiua nio?oaeieee A?oaiueaa I. E. e Ai?enia A. A.,
ioia?aa i?iaeoeou e anoaa a i/a?aaeue ae?oa ca ae?oaii, i?aaeu-
yaeee oiaa?u eanne?o-eiio?iea?o Eiia?iaie E. A. Ei/a-
?iaa E. A. auaeea ca i?iaeoeou, i?aaeuyaeaiiua A?oaiuea-
aui, /ae ia noiio 3 ?oa. 07 eii. e ca i?iaeoeou, i?aaeu-
yaeaiiua Ai?eniaui,-/ae ia noiio 3 ?oa. 95 eii. Iinea
auaea/e /aeia Ei/a?iaie auei iauyaeaii, /oi yoe aeaa ii-
eoiee – eiio?ieueiua, e a oi?aiaue cae auea aucaaia
caa. iaaaceiii Caoiineay E. A.

A i?enoonoaee anao iacaaiiuo eeoe auei naeaeaii ia-
?aaaoeaaiea i?iaeoeoia, ioiouaiiuo i?iaeaaoeii Ei/a?i-
aie E. A. Ia?aaaoeaaiea i?iecaiaeeeinue ia oao aea aanao,
ia eioi?uo acaaoeaaea i?iaeoeou i?iaeaaaoe Ei/a?iaa i?e
ioionea. I?e i?iaa?ea onoaiiaeaii, /oi aanu onoaiiaeaiu
i?aaeeueii. I?e acaaoeaaiee iieoiee, naeaeaiiie A?oaiuea-
aui, – eo?eiuo iio?ioia ii oeaia 60 eii. ca 1 ea – aa aan
ieacaeny 4 ea 670 a?., noieiinoue i?iaeoeoia-2 ?oa.

172

80 eii., noieiinoue o?ao iieeyoeeaiiauo iaeaoia-21 eia
a anaai neaaeiaaei iieo/eoue ca yoo iieoieo 3 ?oa. 01 eii.U
oaeoe/anee iieo/aii 3 ?oa. 07 eii., o. a. ia 6 eiiaae

aieueoa.

I?e acaaoeaaiee i?iaeoeoia, eoieaiiuo Ai?eniaui,
onoaiiaeaii, /oi iauee aan eo?eiuo iio?ioia, oiaeiaai-
iuo a o?e iieeyoeeaiiaua iaeaoa, ninoaaee 5 ea 890 a?.
ia noiio 3 ?oa. 54 eii., noieiinoue 3-o iaeaoia-21 eii.,
a anaai neaaeiaaei iieo/eoue ca iieoieo 3 ?oa. 75 eii.,
oaeoe/anee iieo/aii 3 ?oa. 95 eii., eee ia 20 eii. aieueoa.

Anaai ca 2 iieoiee i?iaeaaaoe Ei/a?iaa E. I. iieo/eea
ia 26 (aeaaaeoeaoue oanoue) eiiaae aieueoa eo aeaenoaeoaeueiie

noieiinoe.

Aeo ca/eoai aneoo, caienaii i?aaeeueii.

I?iaeaaaoe

Caa. iaaaceiii ? 12

Aiaooaoiua nio?oaeieee AONN

Iia?oiieiiii/aiiue AONN
Eiieth aeoa iieo/eea
Caa. iaaaceiii ? 12
Oeaio?aeueiiai ?IO

Ei/a?iaa E. A.

Caoiineay E. A.
A?oaiueaa I. E.
Ai?enia A. A.
Eo/a?ia E. I.

Caoiineay E. A.

I?IOIEIE

i?eiyoey aeinoaaeaiiiai

A. AIEAENE

11 ethiy 1989 a.

Iia?oiieiiii/aiiue O? OAAe a. Aieaenea no. eaeoaiaio
ieeeoeee Auno?ia TH. I. a niioaaonoaee ni no. 70 OIE
?NON? a i?enoonoaee iiiyouo:

1. Oiieeeia Eai?y Aiaoieueaae/a, i?iaeeaathuaai a
a. Aieaenea, oe. Aeaaiay, ae. 84, ea. 92.

2. Na?aaeiyeiaa Aeieo?ey Eaiieaeiae/a, i?iaeeaathuaai
a a. Aieaenea, ia?. Eaniie, ae. 28, ea. 24,
a niioaaonoaee n o?aaiaaieyie no. 70 OIE ?NON? e n
niaethaeaieai i?aaee no. 141 OIE ?NON? ninoaaee ia-
noiyuee i?ioieie i neaaeothuai.

11 ethiy 1989 a. a 10 /an. 30 iei. a OAAe a. Aieaenea
i?eauea a?aaeaeaiea Aaeiaa Ieia Iaaeiaia, 1960 a. ?iae-
aeaiey, i?iaeeaathuay a a. Aieaenea, oe. Oaao?aeueiay, ae. 9,

173

ea. 47, i?aaeuyaeaoay ianii?o na?ee OI ? 632743 ia naia
eiy, eioi?ay cayaeea oiaeaoaenoai i i?eiyoee io iaa aa-
uae, ia?aaeaiiuo ae ?aiaa ia o?aiaiea aa ciaeiiui Uo-
eeiui A?eaaeeai A?eai?ueaae/ai.

A i?enoonoaee iacaaiiuo iiiyouo Aaeiaa I. I. i?aaeu-
yaeea i?eianaiiua ath:

1. Eeiio ?acia?ii 27o36 ni, n ecia?aaeaieai aeai-
ueiu n ?aaaieii ia ?oeao, ia?eniaaiioth ia oeaeueiie aein-
ea oieueiie 3 ni, n ieeaaeii ec iaoaeea naaoei-na?iai
oeaaoa.

2. Eeiio ?acia?ii 18o24 ni n ecia?aaeaieai aeaiue-
iu n ?aaaieii ia ?oeao, ecaioiaeaiioth ec iaoaeea naao-
ei-na?iai oeaaoa, ia?aieaiioth ii anaio eiioo?o iaeeaae-
iie iaoaeee/aneie ieanoeiie oe?eiie 0,3 ni aeaeoiai
Oeaaoa.

3. Ea?oeio n ecia?aaeaieai eaniiai iaecaaea, a aea?a-
ayiiie ?aia oaiii-ei?e/iaaiai oeaaoa, ?acia? ?aiu 56 X
48 ni, ?acia? ioe?uoie /anoe oienoa 53O45 ni. A i?aaii
ieaeiai oaeo ecia?aaeaiey eiaaony iaaeienue “1985 a.
I. O.”.

Eae cayaeea Aaeiaa I. I., yoe i?aaeiaou auee ia?a-
aeaiu ae Uoeeiui A. A. ieiei ianyoea iacaae. Iia ?aoe-
ea naeaoue eo a ieeeoeeth iinea oiai, eae ociaea i caaea?-
aeaiee Uoeeia A. A.

Aeinoaaeaiiia noioia?aoe?iaaii oioiaiia?aoii “Ca-
ieo-A” ia ieaieo 65 aae.,

I?ioieie i?i/eoai aneoo, caienaii i?aaeeueii.

Iiiyoua:

Iia?oiieiiii/aiiue O?

Aaeiaa I. I.

1. Oiieeei E. A.

2. Na?aaeiyeia Ae. E.
Auno?ia TH. I.

I?IOIEIE
caaea?aeaiey n iiee/iui

A. Aieaene

io 30 ai?aey 1989 a.

No. iia?oiieiiii/aiiue OAONN OAAe Aieaeneiai iae-
eniieeiia eaieoai ieeeoeee Eaaiia I. A., iia?oiieiiii-
/aiiue OAONN iaei? ieeeoeee ?oaeei I. A., iia?oiieii-
ii/aiiue OAONN no. eaeoaiaio ieeeoeee Ii?icia I. A.,
n o/anoeai iiiyouo:

174

1. Iaea?iaa I. I., i?iaeeaathuaai ii aae?ano;

oe. E. Ia?ena, ae.’4, ea. 7,

2. Iao?iaa I. E., i?iaeeaathuaai ii aae?ano: oe. Na-
aa?iay, ae. 24, ea. 3,

a i?enoonoaee cayaeoaey Aceiiaa Ae. A., i?iaeeaathuaai
ii aae?ano: oe. ssniay, ae. 4, ea. 41, ninoaaeee ianoiyuee
i?ioieie i oii, /oi naai /enea e ianyoea oeacaiiay iia-
?aoeaiay a?oiia a 15.00 auaoaea ia aeaoo aaoiiaoeiao a
?aeii N?aaeiaai ?uiea, aaea cayaeoaeue, aueaey ec aaoiiaoe-
iu, i?ioae ii oe. Yiaaeuena aei aeiia ? 5. Aieaey a ia?-
aue iiaeuacae, Aceiia Ae. A. iiaeiyeny ia aoi?ie yoaae e”
i?ieaey iai?aai ii ei?eaei?o, iiaeioae e aeaa?e n iaaeienueth
“AEeeeuii-no?ieoaeueiue eiiia?aoea “Nayceno”. Iinoo/aa-
oenue a aeaa?ue, cayaeoaeue aioae a eiiiaoo, aaea i?iaue
20 iei. Ii enoa/aiee oeacaiiiai a?aiaie ii auoae io-
ooaea a nii?iaiaeaeaiee iaecaanoiiai ioae/eiu n?aaeieo
eao, n?aaeiaai ?inoa, ieioiiai oaeineiaeaiey, eeoei – ain-
oi/ii-aa?iiaeneiai oeia, iaeao ii naciio – a aaeoth ?o-
aaoeo n ei?ioeeie ?oeaaaie, n aaenooeii aaaeaaiai oeaa-
oa, a a?theao aaaeaaiai oeaaoa. Neacaa ae?oa ae?oao “aei nae-
aeaiey”, iie ?annoaeenue.

Cayaeoaeue Aceiia Ae. A., nioneaynue ii eanoieoea, niia-
uee, /oi ii oeacaieth i?aaenaaeaoaey AENE “Nayceno” Iao-
?ianeiai ii iieiaeee aeaiueae ia e?ae aai neoaeaaiiai noi-
ea e /oi Iao?ianeee, a naith i/a?aaeue, niaethaeay ia?u i?a-
aeinoi?iaeiinoe, aeaoiy iaeueoeaie ia?aeiaeee eo a eaaue
aa?oiee yuee noiea. Iinea ooiaea cayaeoaey auoaoeacai-
iue a?aaeaeaiei auoae ec eiiiaou e, cae?ua aeaa?ue ia
eeth/, i?ineaaeiaae ia ia?aue yoaae a ooaeaoiia iiiaua-
iea, ioeoaea auoae, auoe?ay iiniaui ieaoeii ?oee.
Aiiaue iiaeiyeny ia aoi?ie yoaae e naaa a eaaeiao e ia au-,
oiaeee aei 17 /. 30 iei. A oeacaiiia a?aiy e iiaeuacaeo aei-
ia ? 5 ii oe. Yiaaeuena iiaeuaoaea aaoiiaoeia “AEeaoee”
AAC-2106, ain. iiia? 64-00 AIE, e aiaeeoaeue iineaiaeee.
Ia neaiae aaoiiaoeiu ec iiiauaiey eiiia?aoeaa “Nay-
ceno” auoae auoaoeacaiiue a?aaeaeaiei e i?ineaaeiaae
ia oeeoeo, aaea a iiiaio iinaaeee a aaoiiaoeio AAC-2106
ain. iiia? 64-00 AIEE aue caaea?aeai ?aaioieeaie

ieeeoeee.

Caaea?aeaiiui ieacaeny i?aaenaaeaoaeue aeeeeuii-no?ie-

oaeueiiai eiiia?aoeaa “Nayceno” Iao?ianeee Aeaaeeie?
Aeeoi?iae/, 1935 a. ?iaeaeaiey, o?iaeaiaoe Ee?ianeie ia-
eanoe, ia?aciaaiea – aunoaa th?eaee/aneia, i?iaeeaathuee
ii aae?ano: oe. Naa?aniaa, ae. 20, ea. 50, a aiaeeoaeai auoa-
oeacaiiie iaoeiu – aai nui Iao?ianeee Noaieneaa Aea-

175

aeeie?iae/, 1960 a. ?iaeaeaiey, o?iaeaiaoe a. Aieaenea, noo-
aeaio Aieaeneiai oieaa?neoaoa, i?iaeeaathuee ii aae?ano:

oe. Naa?aniaa, ae. 20, ea. 50. Ia ianoa caaea?aeaiey Iao-
?ianeiio A. A. auee caaeaiu ieaeaneaaeothuea aii?inu:

1. Eoi e iaio naaiaeiy i?eoiaeee a 15 /. 30 iei.?

2. Ii eaeiio aii?ino?

3. Iieo/ee ee ii aeaiueae io Aceiiaa Ae. A.?

Ia yoi Iao?ianeee A. A. ioaaoee, /oi e iaio ia i?eai
a 15 /. 30 iei. i?eoiaeee a?aaeaeaiei Aceiia Ae. A., i?e-
ianoee iaiaoiaeeiua aeieoiaiou aeey anooieaiey a eiiia-
?aoea, e aeaiaa io iaai ieeaeeo e ie ca /oi ii ia iieo/ae.

Iinea yoiai Iao?ianeee A. A. aue i?eaeaoai a naie
neoaeaaiue eaaeiao, aaea aai ?oee e iaeaaeaea auee inaaua-
iu a eo/ao oeueo?aoeieaoiaiai naaoa eaiiu IEAe-41 e a
?acoeueoaoa ia oaeaiaao aieueoiai e oeacaoaeueiiai iaeue-
oeaa i?aaie ?oee, a oaeaea ia eeaiaia i?aaiai caaeiaai
ea?iaia a?the iaia?oaeaiu /anoeoeu ii?ioea aeaeoi-caea-
iiai naa/aiey. Iaia?oaeaiiua ia ?oea Iao?ianeiai A. A.
/anoeoeu niaoeii?ioea auee niyou aeaaeiui oaiiiiii, ei-
oi?ue, aoaeo/e iaa?iooui a oeaeeioai, oeiaeai a ii/oi-
aue eiiaa?o e iia/aoai aoiaaeiie iaeeaeeie n iiaeienueth
auoaoeacaiiuo eeoe. E?iia oiai, ia?acaoe aaou, ec eioi-
?ie aue ecaioiaeai oaiiii aeey niuaee, oaeaea oeiaeai
a eiiaa?o, iia/aoai aoiaaeiie iaeeaeeie n iiaeienueth au-
oaoeacaiiuo eeoe.

Caoai Iao?ianeiio A. auei i?aaeeiaeaii iieacaoue eia-
thueany i?e iai aeaiueae, ia /oi ii ec i?aaiai caaeiaai ea?-
iaia a?the auoauee aeaiueae a noiia 400 ?. neaaeothueo eo-
ith? na?ee e iiia?ia: 50 ?. – ssE ? 6206Q48; ssE ? 6206041;

AE ? 3105048; OeA ? 3106305; 25 ?. – OA ? 5103062;

ssE ? 6032048; EO ? 6013051; E? ? 6093292;

EE ? 3334059; ATH ? 3042020; AE ? 3024021;

EA ? 3352405, ia eioi?uo i?e inaauaiee a eo/ao oeueo?a-
oeieaoiaiai naaoa eaiiu IEAe-41 auee iaia?oaeaiu /a-
noeoeu niaoeii?ioea aeaeoi-caeaiiai naa/aiey, a ia iieyo
eoith? /eoaeanue aeaeoi-caeaiay iaaeienue “Acyoe-c
30.04.89 a.”.

*anoeoeu niaoeii?ioea aiaeiae/iiai naa/aiey i?e inaa-
uaiee a eo/ao oeueo?aoeieaoiaiai naaoa auee iaia?oaea-
iu oaeaea a eaaii ieaeiai oaeo e?uoee ienueiaiiiai noi-
ea Iao?ianeiai A. A., a oaeaea ia eenoa aoiaae, iaoiaeea-
oainy a aa?oiai yueea eaaie ooiai/ee noiea. Iaia?o-
aeaiiua ia eenoa aoiaae, a noiea e a yueea /anoeoeu niaoe-
ii?ioea niyou aaoiui oaiiiiii e oeiaeaiu a ii/oiaue
eiiaa?o, eioi?ue iia/aoai aoiaaeiie iaeeaeeie n iiae-

176

ienyie auoaoeacaiiuo eeoe. Aeaiueae a noiia 400 ?. ecu ‘ t~. ‘-‘ -”
0 a 0
-” O A) CD Ue
A. (ss I . I l E s a E-I c 0 U ae e Na E – O Ae ” “ae a 0″K1y “i. (0” O^ ? ^ -^ni” a-” “”th i i
i, a ss i
1Ae 00 N
^s ec Bdai -HEdex (eiia -daiii-BJxXg (0 S ^ o2 – cSc E ^ -^ ” |^&^^.^ Ae 3 01 ?-ss* ” ^ ^c y”^ “^ 2 O 2CM (0 I)” -l ‘”‘
^ EdaMed S -. ago
n?,eXaaAegc5oa e a i) i,;ie) \0E0^?1 y >>cd CQ 0 A-S 0A=; ^e Y – S&- 5-eSiS S|(E 0-Li di oa i a TH s ScgS y0″oa a3 y o A y nic”oe na a A! i. sE5 a e A >.W g’X ss 0 -3y e i”.^1n e y 5 a a ct M0 0,th o S X,i aI-An sno S i-y ah -i Os/ -0 0a y E!c^5?cy i-c5i3!O/ e TH c|80 S e) I yss”11Oe5 1|S S- ?? ne’ E E n a i, AE i i, i
“>i oe a i. y i?-a-/
s0!11-sag s-c ciga >>A S c Sa a ”
^ ^ s U Ae cu Eca
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ni ni ni’^ O^ th th s t0″th 1~~’CM “i [^ ? g ‘s ^
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O4^>O(OJ 0.n?’0y0,1-a * a> ue e 0egiOS cayy th y &-yaQ, c S 4-gOi. i a”A N i ssa’o sae ae y ei- I.ssee ay ^ y y oa1^, W fs ‘a/ill! 11AEA, a-& ^ y i “ss \i ae – i y y ^ N A-.^ 5^ ? ESss E y n(c Ac.yss E ss A iu S a y oec Ec=5 esUeEic aXoaS0.aa isni, y0c S^ i- | &5 3^y y ss i, ni a th0c sy0.ey1-iNI!Aey scyn yni ^eyIg0. 0″c scg5tT)”yne i” y yc|ss) 0g,-ae i0 i-e|- a m E)g yy0.sy5Xss
^t th S t~ 00 01 S g

201

wsa a oe * 0 a( 0 0.N 01 a .2CN e .1Ae . 0
40 Aea 2’a . ^2 2 2 ^ 22 ni-2 a 2′-ii” ni”!–” “r-‘Tf ni ni^ – “” 2″” ” “ni 2 22 2 -(D oa Of- ot~
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Бедняков Д.И. 1991 – Непроцессуальная информация и расследование преступлений (книга)