BRITISH SCHOOL
The Hermitage is one of the very few on the Continent which contains
a special section for English pictures.
Portraiture, landscape painting and satire art in which England
excelled , are represented by a number of first-class paintings and
prints executed by the most outstanding artists of British School,
mainly of the 18th century. A number of 17th-19th century works are on
show too. There are also some notable specimens of applied art, among
which is a fine group of objects in silver and Wedgwood potteryware .
English paintings of the 17th century are extremely rare outside
England.The Hermitage possesses several works of this period. These
are: the Portrait of Oliver Cromwell by Robert Walker, two portraits
by Peter Lely, of which the «Portrait of a Woman» reveals the artist’s
sense of colour to great advantage; also the «Portrait of Grinling
Gibbons» by Godfrey Kneller, to name only the most outstanding
canvases.
The collection has no paintings by William Hogarth, but some of
his prints selected from a large and representative collection
possessed by the Museum are usually on show.
Joshua Reynolds is represented by four canvases all painted in
the 1780-s.
An interesting example of his late work is the «Infant Hercules
strangling the Serpents», which is an allegory of the youthful Russia
vanquishing her enemies. The picture was commissioned from Reynolds by
Catherine II, and was brought to Russia
in 1789. In 1891 two other canvases were sent by Reynolds to Russia.
One was the «Continence of Scepic Africanus» , which , as well as the
«Infant Hercules», reveals Reynolds’s conception of the grand style in
art. The other was «Venus and Cupid»; presumably representing Lady
Hamilton .This is one of the versions of the piсture entitled «The
Snake in the Grass», owned by the National Gallery, London
Reynolds’s «Girl at a window» is a copy with slight modifications,
from Rembrandt’s canvas bearing the same title, and owned by the Dulwich
Gallery. It may be regarded as an example of Reynolds’s study of the
«old masters’» works.
A fair idea of the British artists’ achievements in the field of
portrait painting can be gained from the canvases by George Romney
Thomas Gainsborough, John Opie, Henry Rdeburn, John Hoppner and John
Russell, all marked by a vividness of expression and brilliance of
execution typical of the British School of portrait painting in the
days when it had achieved a national tradition. Highly important is
Gainsborough’s superb «Portrait of the Duchess of Beaufort» painted in a
loose and most effective manner characteristic of his art in the late
1770’s. For charm of expression and brilliance of execution, it ranks
among the masterpieces of the Museum.The «Tron Forge» by Joseph Wright
of Derby is an interesting example of a new subject in English18th
century art: the theme of labour and industry, which merged in the days
of the Industrial Revolution.
The few paintings of importance belonging to the British school of
the 19th century include a landscape ascribed to John Constable; the
«Boats at a shore» by Richard Parkers Bonington; the «Portrait of an old
woman» by David Wilki, three portraits by Thomas Lawrence and portraits
by George Daive, of which the unfinished «Portrait of the Admiral
Shishkov» is the most impressive.
The collection was largely formed at the beginning of the 20th
century, a great part of it deriving from the Khitrovo collection
bequeathed to the Museum in 1916.
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