IAOe?IIAEUeIA AEAAeAI?ss IAOE OE?A?IE
?INOEOOO I?IAEAI IAOA??AEICIAANOAA
?i. ?. I. O?AIOeAAE*A
NE?IAITHE Ieaenaiae? Ieeieaeiae/
OAeE [539.213+539.219.1/.2]:620.17/.18:621.78
AIEEA OAIIA?AOO?E IA NO?OEOO?O, IAOAI?CIE AeAOI?IAOe??
? IAOAI?*I? AEANOEAINO? AII?OIEO ? IAIIOACIEO IAOA??AE?A
Niaoe?aeuei?noue 01.04.07 – o?ceea oaa?aeiai o?ea
Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa o?ceei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoe
Ee?a – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia a ?inoeooo? i?iaeai iaoa??aeiciaanoaa ?i. ?.I.
O?aioeaae/a Iaoe?iiaeueii? aeaaeai?? iaoe Oe?a?ie.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee eaiaeeaeao o?c. – iao. iaoe, no. i. n,
IAI Na?a?e Aieiaeeie?iae/
no. i. n. ?inoeoooo i?iaeai iaoa??aeiciaanoaa IAI Oe?a?ie
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:
ae. o.-i. i., Nieii?i TH??e Ieoaeeiaee, ?inoeooo i?iaeai
iaoa??aeiciaanoaa IAI Oe?a?ie, caa. a?aeae?eii
ae. o.-i. i., i?ioani?, Eoieoeueeee TH??e Aiaoie?eiae/, Iaoe?iiaeueiee
oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao «Ee?anueeee iie?oaoi?/iee ?inoeooo»
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa:
Aeiiaoeueeee o?ceei-oaoi?/iee ?inoeooo IAI Oe?a?ie, i. Aeiiaoeuee.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny «31» aa?aciy 1999 ?. i 1400 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae.26.207.01 ?inoeoooo i?iaeai
iaoa??aeiciaanoaa IAI Oe?a?ie , 252142, i. Ee?a, aoe.
E?aeeaeai?anueeiai, 3.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo i?iaeai
iaoa??aeiciaanoaa IAI Oe?a?ie , 252142, i. Ee?a, aoe.
E?aeeaeai?anueeiai, 3.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 26 ethoiai 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Iaaea?ii TH. A.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Iinooiiaee ?icaeoie noni?euenoaa aenoaa? iia?
aeiiae aei iaoa??ae?a, ui aeei?enoiaothoueny a ??cieo aaeocyo no/anii?
i?iieneiaino?. O ca‘yceo c oeei ana a?eueo oe?iei canoiniaothoueny
iao?aaeeoe?ei? iaoiaee ?o iaea?aeaiiy, ye? aeicaieythoue aeinyaiooe
cia/iiai i?aeaeuaiiy aenieoaoaoe?eieo oa?aeoa?enoee, cie?aia, oeyoii
?aae?caoe?? aii?oii? oa iaiioacii? no?oeoo?e.
A?aei?iiith iniaeea?noth iaiino?oeoo?ieo ?, ye a?aie/iee aeiaaeie, –
aii?oieo iaoa??ae?a ? cia/ia ia‘?iia /anoea a ieo iaaii?yaeeiaaii?
(aeaoaeoii?) ca?iia?aie/ii? iaeano?, o?ce/i? aeanoeaino? yei? iiaeooue
cia/ii a?ae??ciyoenue a?ae oaeeo aeey no?oeoo?ii aeineiiaeiai iaoa??aeo.
Oea a ?yae? aeiaaee?a i?ecaiaeeoue aei ye?nii iiaeo oa?aeoa?enoee ae?iao
a oe?eiio. A ?aieao aeaii? ?iaioe aea/ai? iniaeeaino? iaoai?/ii?
iiaaae?iee iaoa??ae?a ??cieo eean?a (aii?oieo iaoae?/ieo nieaa?a (AIN),
ea?ai?ee oa oaeaeeicaaa?oiaaieo nieaa?a ia iniia? aethi?i?th),
iaoiiaeai? iayai?noth a ieo iaiii??ieo aeaiaio?a no?oeoo?e. On?
?icaeyioo? iaoa??aee (ye iiaeaeuei?, aei yeeo a?aeiinyoueny a?ia?i? AIN
oa nieaae Al – Sc, oae ? neeaaei? aaaaoieiiiiiaioi? nenoaie, yeeie ? AIN
oeio FineMet( oa eaaiaaia AONI ea?ai?ea) i?aaenoaaeythoue cia/iee
?ioa?an aeey no/anii? i?iieneiaino?.
Iaoa aeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy – anoaiiaeoe aieea iaiii??ieo aeaiaio?a
no?oeoo?e ia iniaeeaino? iaoai?ci?a aeaoi?iaoe?? oa ?oeioaaiiy
iaoa??ae?a ??cieo eean?a. O a?aeiia?aeiino? c oeei aoee iinoaaeai?
ianooii? caaea/?:
Aecia/eoe aieea aeaoaeoii? no?oeoo?e ia oa?aeoa?enoeee i?oeiino? ?
oa?i?/ii? noaa?eueiino? AIN oeio iaoae-iaoaei?ae, a naia:
i?iaanoe aeaoaeueia aeine?aeaeaiiy oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae
i?e?ioaa?aeino? AIN ??ciiai neeaaeo;
iiynieoe iniaeeaino? oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae oaa?aeino? ia aac?
?nioth/eo oyaeaiue i?i aeaoaeoio no?oeoo?o aii?oieo iaoae?/ieo nieaa?a;
i?iaiae?coaaoe aieea ie?aieo eaaoth/eo aeaiaio?a (B, Si, Cr, Ni, Cu, Nb)
ia oa?aeoa?enoeee i?oeiino? ? ieanoe/iino? AIN ia iniia? nenoaie Fe – B.
Aea/eoe iniaeeaino? no?oeoo?e aenieioaiia?aoo?ii? iaaei?ia?aeii?
eiiiiceoe?? YBa2Cu3O7-( + ZrO2 ? ?? aieeao ia oaiia?aoo?io caeaaei?noue
i?oeiino? ? ieanoe/iino? iaoa??aeo, aeey /iai:
aea/eoe oaiia?aoo?io caeaaei?noue i?oeiino? ? ieanoe/iino? AOII ea?ai?ee
YBa2Cu3O7-( + ZrO2 c eiioeaio?aoe??th ae?ieneaeo oee?eii?th 10, 15 ? 18
aaa.%;
i?iaanoe o?aeoia?ao?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy, a oaeiae aeine?aeaeaiiy oaciaiai
neeaaeo cacia/aii? eiiiiceoe?? iaoiaeaie ?aioaai?anueeiai i?e?iaiae?co.
Aecia/eoe aieea iaaeoaeaeeiai caaa?ooaaiiy ia oi?ioaaiiy iaiino?oeoo?e ?
iaoai?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee nieaa?a Al – Sc:
aea/eoe no?oeoo?o oaeaeeicaaa?oiaaieo no??/ie ? eiiiaeo?a nieaa?a Al –
Sc c eiioeaio?aoe??th neaiae?th 0.6, 1.0, 2.0 aaa.%;
aeine?aeeoe aieea oa?iiia?iaee ia oa?aeoa?enoeee i?oeiino? ?
ieanoe/iino? aeacaieo nieaa?a.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia ?iaioe iieyaa? a oiio, ui:
i?e aei??thaaii? i?e?ioaa?aeino? aii?oieo iaoae?/ieo nieaa?a canoiniaaia
iaoiaeeea, yea aeeeth/a? aeo?eieo c?acea i?e oaiia?aoo?? aei?iaiaoaaiiy
c iaoith oieeiaiiy ia?aae/anii? no?oeoo?ii? ?aeaenaoe??, ui aeicaieeei
anoaiiaeoe iia? iniaeeaino? oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae oaa?aeino? AIN;
aia?oa a?aecia/aii aieea i?ioean?a no?oeoo?ii? ?aeaenaoe?? ia
oaiia?aoo?io caeaaei?noue oaa?aeino? AIN ? cai?iiiiiaaia iiaeaeue, ui
iiynith? iaea?aeai? ?acoeueoaoe ia iniia? oyaeaiue i?i iaia?a?aiee
niaeo? aia?a?e aeoeaaoe?? aeaoaeo?a oeio «a?eueiiai ia‘?io»;
a ?aeaioe/ieo oiiaao a oe?ieiio ?ioa?aae? oaiia?aoo? (77 – 900 E)
aea/aia oaiia?aoo?ia caeaaei?noue oaa?aeino? aaeeei? e?eueeino? AIN
??ciiai neeaaeo, caaaeyee /iio anoaiiaeaii aieea ie?aieo eaaoth/eo
aeaiaio?a (B, Si, Cr, Ni, Cu, Nb) ia oaiia?aoo?o ci?ie aiiiaaiiiai
iaoai?cio aeaoi?iaoe?? aaoa?iaaiiei, oaiia?aoo?o e?enoae?caoe??,
oa?i?/io ? aoa?i?/io neeaaeia? oaa?aeino?, aeoeaaoe?eiee ia‘?i ?
aia?a?th aeoeaaoe?? ?ooo aeeneieaoe?e a iaeano? iecueeeo oaiia?aoo?;
aea/ai? oa?aeoa?enoeee i?oeiino? nieaa?a Al-0.6Sc, Al-1.0Sc, Al-2.0Sc a
??cieo no?oeoo?ieo noaiao. I?e oeueiio iieacaii, ui aeei?enoaiiy
oaeaeeiai caaa?ooaaiiy ?acii c eaaoaaiiyi neaiae??i aeicaiey? iaea?aeaoe
aeineoue aenie? aeey iaeieaaiaaieo aethi?i??aeo nieaa?a cia/aiiy
oaa?aeino? (aei 1800 IIa) ? iaae? ieeiiino? (aei 470 IIa), ye?
iaoiiaeai? oi?ioaaiiyi iniaeeai ae??aiiaeenia?nii? no?oeoo?e;
aia?oa iaoiaeii aei?iaiaoaaiue ia caei aeine?aeaeaia oaiia?aoo?ia
caeaaei?noue oa?aeoa?enoee i?oeiino? ? ieanoe/iino? iaaei?ia?aeii?
iaoaeiieneaeii? nenoaie YBa2Na3O7-( + ZrO2 c ??ciei ai?noii ieneaeo
oee?eii?th. A?aecia/aii ?nioaaiiy e?eoe/ii? eiioeaio?aoe?? ZrO2, ui
caaacia/o? iaeneiaeueiee ca??no?iaaiee ??aaiue i?oeiino? (136 IIa) ?
ieanoe/iino? (aei 0.94%). Iieacaii, ui i?e?iieanoe/ia aeaoi?iaoe?y
iaoa??aeo cae?enith?oueny ca iaoai?ciii i?aeca?aiiiai eiacaiiy;
cao?eniaaii iayai?noue a eiiiiceoe?? YBa2Na3O7-( + ZrO2 a‘ycei-e?eoeiai
ia?aoiaeo, yeee ia? i?noea i?e oaiia?aoo?? Tdb ( 1070E;
aia?oa a iaaei?ia?aei?e ea?ai?/i?e eiiiiceoe?? YBa2Na3O7-( + ZrO2
a?aecia/aii oi?ioaaiiy iaiie?enoae?/ii? i?aeca?aiii? oace, yea
a?aeiia?aea? ca iie?auai? iaoai?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee iaoa??aeo.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ?iaioe aecia/a?oueny oei, ui iaea?aeai? a i?e aeai?
i?i aieea i?ioean?a no?oeoo?ii? ?aeaenaoe?? ia oaiia?aoo?io caeaaei?noue
i?e?ioaa?aeino? aii?oieo iaoae?a ciooothoue ii-iiaiio iiaeeaeoenue ia
?ieue aeaoaeo?a o oi?ioaaii? eiiieaeno aeanoeainoae AIN. Cia/iee ia‘?i
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ?acoeueoao?a aeicaiey?, c iaeiiai aieo, aecia/eoe
a?aie/i? oiiae canoinoaaiiy ?icaeyiooeo AIN, ? c ?ioiai aieo, ia iniia?
aeaieo i?i aieea eaaoaaiiy B, Si, Ni, Cr, Cu, Nb ia iaoai?/i?
aeanoeaino? aii?oieo nieaa?a a?eueo oe?eani?yiiaaii oi?ioaaoe
oa?aeoa?enoeee inoaii?o.
?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaio?a ii aea/aiith oa?aeoa?enoee i?oeiino?
aenieioaiia?aoo?ii? iaaei?ia?aeii? iaoaeiieneaeii? nenoaie YBa2Na3O7-( +
ZrO2 ?icoe?ththoue oyaeaiiy i?i iaoai?cie ieanoe/ii? aeaoi?iaoe??
ea?ai?/ieo iaoa??ae?a ?, e??i oiai, a?aee?eaathoue ia?niaeoeae
aeaioiaeaiiy aeaoaeae ?c AOII ea?ai?ee oeyoii canoinoaaiiy o?aaeeoe?eieo
oaoiieia?e oi?ioaaiiy ae?ia?a.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy iaoai?/ieo aeanoeainoae oaeaeeicaaa?oiaaieo nieaa?a
nenoaie Al – Sc aeacothoue ia iiaeeea?noue canoinoaaiiy oaoiieia??
oaeaeeiai caaa?ooaaiiy aeey noai?aiiy aenieii?oeieo iaeieaaiaaieo
aethi?i??aeo nieaa?a.
Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe ? aeniiaee aeena?oaoe??
io?eiai? iniaenoi aaoi?ii. Iinoaiiaea iaoe ? eiie?aoieo caaea/
aeine?aeaeaiiy cae?eniaia iaoeiaei ea??aieeii N. A. Iaiii.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a ?iaioe. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe aoee
i?aaenoaaeai? ? iaaiai?thaaeenue ia II i?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? ii
iaiino?oeoo?ieo iaoa??aeao (NANO’94, Ooooaa?o, I?ia//eia, 1994 ?.),
in?ii?e nan?? iaoa??aeiciaa/iai oiaa?enoaa 1994 ?. (MRS’94, Ainoii,
NOA), i?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? ii eaac?e?enoaeao (ICQ’5, Aa?iueeii,
O?aioe?y, 1995 ?.), i?aeia?iaeiiio neiiic?oi? ii iaoanoaa?eueieo,
iaoai?/ii nieaaeaieo ? iaiino?oeoo?ieo iaoa??aeao (ISMANAM-97,
Aa?naeiia, ?niai?y, 1997 ?.), i?aeia?iaei?e oeie?-eiioa?aioe?? iieiaeeo
a/aieo «O?ceea oaa?aeiai o?ea: ooiaeaiaioaeuei? oa i?eeeaaei?
aeine?aeaeaiiy» (SSPFA’97, Eaoeeaae?, Oe?a?ia, 1997 ?.).
Ioae?eaoe??. Ii iaoa??aeao aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 5 noaoae ? 7 oac
aeiiia?aeae.
No?oeoo?a ? ia‘?i aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio,
o?ueio ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a oa nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae. ?iaioa
aeeeaaeaia ia 143 noi??ieao, ui i?noyoue 50 iaethie?a, 8 oaaeeoeue, 111
iaeiaioaaiue e?oa?aoo?e.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
O anooi? iaa?oioiaaia aeooaeuei?noue ?iaioe, noi?ioeueiaai? iaoa ?
caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy, iaa?oioiaaia eiai iaoeiaa iiaecia oa i?aeoe/ia
oe?ii?noue.
Ia?oee ?icae?e i?enay/aiee aeaoaeueiiio aea/aiith oaiia?aoo?ii?
caeaaeiino? iaoai?/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee aii?oieo iaoae?/ieo nieaa?a (AIN)
oa aieeao ia ieo i?ioean?a no?oeoo?ii? ?aeaenaoe??.
O iueiio i?noyoueny e?oa?aoo?i? aeai? i?i iiaeae? no?oeoo?e oa
aeaoaeoe no?oeoo?e AIN. ?icaeyioo? iaoai?/i? aeanoeaino? AIN,
oaiia?aoo?i? caeaaeiino? oa?aeoa?enoee i?oeiino?, iiaeae? ieanoe/ii?
aeaoi?iaoe??. I?eaaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue
aieeao no?oeoo?ii? ?aeaenaoe?? ia oaa?ae?noue aii?oieo iaoae?/ieo
nieaa?a, iiaeae? no?oeoo?ii? ?aeaenaoe??. Cacia/ai? iaaeie?ee no/anieo
oyaeaiue i?i iaoai?/i? aeanoeaino? iaoae?/ieo nieaa?a c aii?oiith
no?oeoo?ith. Cie?aia, aeaco?oueny ia iaa?aeiia?aei?noue ?acoeueoao?a
aea/aiiy aieeao iecueeioaiia?aoo?ieo a?aeiae?a ia oaa?ae?noue AIN oa
oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae oaa?aeino? aii?oieo iaoae?/ieo nieaa?a. Oae,
?cio?iii? a?aeiaee AIN i?ecaiaeyoue aei iaiiiioiiii? ci?ie oaa?aeino?
iaoa??aeo. Oi/a eiaei?e oaiia?aoo?? a?aeiaeo iiaeia ni?anoaaeoe iaa??a
c?acea aei iaaii? oaiia?aoo?e, iaiiiioiiia ci?ia caeaaeiinoae HV(T) a
?ai?oa i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo ia niinoa??aaeanue. Oeae, a oaeiae
aeaye? ?io? oaeoe na?ae/aoue i?i ia aeineoue aeaoaeueia aea/aiiy
oaiia?aoo?ieo ci?i oaa?aeino? AIN. Cae?eniaia eiie?aoeciaaia iinoaiiaea
caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Iienai? iaoa??aee oa iaoiaeeea aea/aiiy iaoai?/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee AIN.
Aeey i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue aeei?enoai? AIN oeio «iaoae-iaoaei?ae» o
aeaeyae? no??/ie, iaea?aeai? caaa?ooaaiiyi c ??aeeiai noaio oeyoii
aeeeaee ?icieaao ia i?aeiee aa?aaai, ui oaeaeei iaa?oa?oueny. Aoee
aeine?aeaeai? nieaae Fe87B13, Fe84B16, Fe80B20, Fe80Cr5B15, Fe75Cr10B15,
Fe70Cr15B15, Fe40Ni40B20, Fe77.5Si13.5B9, Fe30Cr10Ni40B20,
Fe39Ni39Si13B9, Ni80Si5B15, Ni80Si10B10, Fe38.5Ni38.5Cu1Si13B9,
Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9, Fe69Cr4.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9, Fe66Cr7.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9,
Fe59Cr14.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9.
Aei??e oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae oaa?aeino? HV aoee i?iaaaeai? a
oe?ieiio ae?aiacii? oaiia?aoo? (77 – 900E) c ?ioa?aaeii o 25E.
Iniaeea?noth aeei?enoaii? iaoiaeeee aoea i?i?i?caoe?y /ano aeo?eiee
c?acea i?e oaiia?aoo?? aei?iaoaaiiy ia?aae ?iaeaiooaaiiyi c iaoith
aeeeth/aiiy aieeao a?aeiaeo iaoa??aeo ia ?acoeueoaoe aei???a. Aeey
anoaiiaeaiiy ca‘yceo i?ae oaa?ae?noth oa ?ioeie iaoai?/ieie
oa?aeoa?enoeeaie aeey nieaao Fe80B20 i?iaaaeaii oaeiae aea/aiiy
oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae ieanoe/iino? (pl, iai?oae ?oeioaaiiy (f oa
iaae? ieeiiino? (s iaoiaeii aei?iaoaaiue ia ?icoya.
I?aaenoaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae
oa?aeoa?enoee i?oeiino? AIN oeio «iaoae-iaoaei?ae» oa ?o aiae?c ia
iniia? oyaeaiue i?i aeaoaeoio no?oeoo?o aii?oieo iaoae?/ieo nieaa?a.
Iieacaii, ui ieae/a e?iiaoii? oaiia?aoo?e (Oa) ia? i?noea iiiioiiia
c?inoaiiy oaa?aeino? i?e ciaioaii? O (?en. 1). I?e oaiia?aoo?ao aeua Oa
aeey a?eueoino? nieaa?a niinoa??aa?oueny iaiiiioiiia caeaaei?noue
i?e?ioaa?aeino? a?ae oaiia?aoo?e. I?e oeueiio i?ine?aeeiaothoueny aeaa
a?aie/ieo aeiaaeee. O ia?oiio aeiaaeeo (iai?. nieaae 8, 11 ?en. 1) HV
i?aeoe/ii ia ci?ith?oueny aei oaiia?aoo?e ci?ie aaoa?iaaiiiai iaoai?cio
aeaoi?iaoe?? aiiiaaiiei ((500E aeey nieaao 8). Aeae? HV cieaeo?oueny aae
aei oaiia?aoo?e e?enoae?caoe?? ((800E aeey nieaao 8). O ae?oaiio
aeiaaeeo (nieaae 3, 10 oa ?i. ?en. 1) cieaeaiiy HV a?aeaoaa?oueny
aaciina?aaeiuei aeua e?iiaoii? oaiia?aoo?e, ? iiaeaeueoa caeaaei?noue
HV(T) iineoue aeineoue neeaaeiee oa?aeoa?.
E?ea? ia?oiai oeio niinoa??aathoueny i?e cia/iiio /an? aeo?eiee
iaoa??aeo i?e oaiia?aoo?? aei?iaoaaiiy ia?aae ?iaeaiooaaiiyi, ? naia
oae? caeaaeiino? HV(T) i?aaenoaaeai? a e?oa?aoo??.
O aeiaaeeo nei?i/aiiy /ano aeo?eiee ia? i?noea ia?ao?ae aei e?eaeo
ae?oaiai oeio. I?e oeueiio eiie?aoia oi?ia e?eai? aeineoue neeueii
caeaaeeoue a?ae oaeaeeino? iaa??ao.
A?eueo aeaoaeueiee aiae?c caeaaeiinoae HV(T) ia i?eeeaae? nieaao
Fe80B20 (?en. 2) aeicaiey? a?aecia/eoe ianooii? oa?aeoa?i? oaiia?aoo?e:
Tdb1 – oaiia?aoo?a ia?oiai a‘ycei-e?eoeiai ia?aoiaeo, ui a?aeiia?aea?
iiya? iae?ineii?/ii? ieanoe/iino? AIN;
O* – oa?aeoa?enoe/ia oaiia?aoo?a aeaoi?iaoe?? – oaiia?aoo?a ui ia?aaeo?
Tdb1 i?e cieaeaii? O ? oa?aeoa?eco?oueny ii/aoeii ??ceiai c?inoaiiy
oaa?aeino?;
Oa – oaiia?aoo?a a?aeiaeo AIN (a aeaiiio aeiaaeeo – e?iiaoia
oaiia?aoo?a). Aeua Oa a?aeaoaa?oueny ??cea cieaeaiiy oaa?aeino?
iaoa??aeo. Iniaeeaino? ia e?eaeo (s, (f oa (pl i?e oaiia?aoo?? Oa ia
niinoa??aathoueny. I?ae O* oa Oa HV neaai caeaaeeoue a?ae oaiia?aoo?e;
Odb2 – oaiia?aoo?a ae?oaiai a‘ycei-e?eoeiai ia?aoiaeo (oaiia?aoo?a ci?ie
aaoa?iaaiiiai iaoai?cio ieanoe/ii? oa/?? aiiiaaiiei). I?e Tdb2 ia?
i?noea aeeaieee i?i?ioi ia HV(T), iacia/iee i?i?ioi ia (f(O), aeua Tdb2
niinoa??aa?oueny iaae?iiy (s ? c?inoaiiy (pl. (Iaaia iaa?aeiia?aei?noue
i?ae e?eaeie (s, (f, (pl oa HV iaoiiaeaia ??cieie oaeaeeinoyie iaa??ao
i?e aei?iaoaaiiyo ia ?icoya oa aei??thaaii? oaa?aeino?);
OO – oaiia?aoo?a e?enoae?caoe??. I?ae Odb2 oa OO caeaaei?noue HV(T) ia?
aeineoue neeaaeiee oa?aeoa? ? a caaaeueiiio aeiaaeeo iiaea aooe
i?aaenoaaeaia iaeiei aai e?eueeiia iaeneioiaie.
Iniaeeaino? iiaaae?iee oaiia?aoo?ii? caeaaeiino? oaa?aeino?
iiyniththoueny ia iniia? oyaeaiue i?i aeaoaeoio no?oeoo?o AIN. sse
a?aeiii, a i?ioean? iaaeoaeaeeiai caaa?ooaaiiy a AIN caii?iaeo?oueny
cia/ia e?euee?noue iaaeeeoeiaiai a?eueiiai ia‘?io o aeaeyae? aaeain?e,
i?e?iii? oa ?i. Eiaeiee c oaeeo aeaoaeo?a o a?aeiia?aeiino? c iiaeaeeth
iaia?a?aiiai niaeo?o aia?a?e aeoeaaoe?? (AES-iiaeaeue) iiaea aooe
ioa?aeoa?eciaaiee iaaiith aia?a??th aeoeaaoe??, ui a?aeiia?aea? aenio?
aia?aaoe/iiai aa?‘??o, iiaeieaiiy yeiai iaiao?aeia aeey ii/aoeo
i?a?aoe?? aeaoaeoo ii ia‘?io iaoa??aeo /e eiai
o?ainoi?iaoe??. Aeo?eiea c?acea i?e iaai?e oaiia?aoo?? Oa (a
iaoiio aeiaaeeo Oa=300E) i?ecaiaeeoue aei ?aeaenaoe?? aeaoaeo?a c
aia?a?yie aeoeaaoe?? iaioeie ? aeecueeeie aei A(Oa).
?en. 2. Oaiia?aoo?ia caeaaei?noue oa?aeoa?enoee i?oeiino? AIN Fe80B20
Oaeei /eiii, Oa ?icaeaa? aanue oaiia?aoo?iee ae?aiacii ia aeaa
?ioa?aaee. I?e T
ia‘?io iii?oii ca?eueoo?oueny ? naia oeae oaeo noa? aeii?ioth/ei i?e
aecia/aii? iaoai?/ieo aeanoeainoae iaoa??aeo i?e i?aeaeuaieo
oaiia?aoo?ao.
Iaoai?/ia iiaaae?iea AIN a iecueeioaiia?aoo?i?e iaeano?.
A?aecia/a?oueny, ui cia/ia c?inoaiiy oaa?aeino? (a a?ae oae ? (s) ?c
cieaeaiiyi oaiia?aoo?e aeine?aeaeaieo aii?oieo nieaa?a ia iiaea aooe
iiyniaia c?inoaiiyi i?oaeieo iiaeoe?a (iiaeaeue A?eiaia). A oie aea /an
iiae?aia iiaaae?iea HV(T) oa?aeoa?ia aeey eiaaeaioieo e?enoae?a ? IOeE
iaoae?a c eiaaeaioiith neeaaeiaith i?aeaoiiiiai ca‘yceo, ui iia‘ycaii c
iii?ii e?enoae?/ii? ?ao?oee ?ooo aeeneieaoe?e. Ia oe?e i?aenoaa? aeey
aiae?co ci?i oaa?aeino? i?e oaiia?aoo?ao O
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