2
IAOe?IIAEUeIA AEAAeAI?ss IAOE OE?A?IE
?INOEOOO I?IAEAI E??IA?IEIA?? ? E??IIAAeEOeEIE
EOI?EIAA IAOAE?ss IEAENAIAe??AIA
OAeE 57.043: 612.111.45: 577.112
AIEEA ?IA?A?OI??A AI?IIIIAI O?AINII?OO ? IIAeEO?EAOI??A OeEOINEAEAOA IA
AA?’??I? OA?AEOA?ENOEEE A?EO?IOeEO?A A OIIAAO INIIOE*IIAI NO?ANO
03.00.19 – e??ia?ieia?y ? e??iiaaeeoeeia
AAOI?AOA?AO
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa a?ieia?/ieo iaoe
Oa?e?a – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioo aeeiiaii o a?aeae?e? e??io?c?ieia?? ee?oeie ?inoeoooo i?iaeai
e??ia?ieia?? ? e??iiaaeeoeeie IAI Oe?a?ie
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? a?ieia?/ieo iaoe,
noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee
AIIAeA?AIEI OAOssIA IAO??AIA
?IE?E IAI Oe?a?ie, caa. a?aeae?eii a?io?i?? ? oa?iaeieia??
iae?iaoii?aeueieo nenoai
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:
Aeieoi? a?ieia?/ieo iaoe, noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee
AI?Ae??IEI ?AAAI IEAENAIAe?IAE*
?IE?E IAI Oe?a?ie, caa. a?aeae?eii iecueeioaiia?aoo?iiai eiina?aoaaiiy
Aeieoi? a?ieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
IA?NUeEEE ?AAAI AO?A?IIAE*
OAeO, i?ioani? eaoaae?e o?c?ieia?? ethaeeie oa oaa?ei, caa. naeoi?ii
eaai?aoi?ii? ae?aaiinoeee
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: ?inoeooo a?io?i?? ?i. I.A. Iaeeaae?ia IAI Oe?a?ie,
a?aeae?e a?io?i?? i`yc?a
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “18” o?aaiy 1999 ?ieo i 13 – 30 aiaeei?
ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 64.242.01. i?e
?inoeooo? i?iaeai e??ia?ieia?? ? e??iiaaeeoeeie IAI Oe?a?ie,
310015, Oa?e?a – 15, aoe. Ia?ayneaanueea, 23
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o a?ae?ioaoe? ?IE?E IAI Oe?a?ie
310015, Oa?e?a – 15, aoe. Ia?ayneaanueea, 23
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “15” /a?aiy 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
aeieo. iaae. iaoe, i?ioani?
Aieueoeaa A.I.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie
Na?aae oaeoi??a, ui ?aae?cothoue naith ae?th ia ee?oeie a oiiaao
ioieiaeaeaiiy oa caeaoieo aeeeeeaoe ?oi? iioeiaeaeaiiy, iiaeia aeae?eeoe
aeae?eueea iniiaieo, aeeeth/eaoe iaoai?/i?, ui noi?iaiaeaeothoue
e?enoae?caoe?th oa ?ae?enoae?caoe?th. Oea, ia?aaeon?i, a?oia oaeoi??a,
iia’ycaieo c aoaeoaie naii? oaiia?aoo?e, – oaiia?aoo?icaeaaei?
(oieiaeiaee oie, iinoa?ia?oii?/iee oa ?cioa?i?/iee e?c?n). Ae?y oaeeo
oaeoi??a iiina?aaeeiaaia iiaeeo?eaoe??th eiiieaeno oeeoineaeao-iaia?aia
i?ae aieeaii aeaa?ae?aoaoe??. A inoaii?e /an o e?oa?aoo?? c’yaeeeny
a?aeiiino? i?i oa, ui i??a aeaa?ae?aoaoe?? ? oaeoi?ii, ui caeaoiee ia
o?eueee aeeeeeaoe iioeiaeaeaiiy, aea e oaeoi?ii, ui i?aeaeuo? o?eae?noue
ee?oei aei ae?? iani?eyoeeaeo oiia [Aiiaea?aiei A.A., 1988, Aiiaea?aiei
O.I., 1994, Ianeia I.E., 1993].
Aei oeueiai /ano iaeiie/aiee aeinoaoi?e ianya aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo
i?i oa, ui iaei??th c i?e/ei iioeiaeaeaiiy a?eo?ioeeo?a i?e
ioieiaeaeaii? ? ii?ooaiiy a iaia?ai? eiiieaeno oeeoineaeao-a?neie, a
?icaeoie /ooeeaino? a?eo?ioeeo?a a cia/i?e i??? aecia/a?oueny ?I oa
?iiiith neeith na?aaeiaeua, ye? eiio?ieththoue o?ainii?o ai?ii?a.
Ia?a?iciiae?e ai?ii?a i?ae ee?oeiith oa na?aaeiaeuai noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny
ci?iith iniioe/iiai noaio ee?oeie i?ae eiio?ieai a?ee?a oeeoineaeaoa.
Ca?aeii no/aniei oyaeaiiyi, iaeiiiai?yieiaee no?oi ai?ii?a, a oaeiae
?oi?e iai?iiee o?ainii?o caaacia/o? a?eie nioae 3, ui ia? eaiaeiiiae?aio
no?oeoo?o. Aeei?enoaiiy ?iaiaioi??a ai?iiiiai o?ainii?oo ??ciiai
iaoai?cio ae??, a oaeiae iiaeeo?eaoi??a oeeoineaeaoa, ? oei
iaoiaeieia?/iei i?aeoiaeii, ui aeicaiey? iaaeeceoeny aei c?icoi?iiy
iaoai?ci?a ooieoe?thaaiiy nenoaie o?ainii?oo ai?ii?a, iaaeoi aaaiieo
aeey i?aeo?eiaiiy ee?oeiiiai aiiainoaco.
I?e iinoaiiaoe? iiae?aieo aenia?eiaio?a aaeueie aaaeeeai a?aoiaoaaoe oa,
ui o?ainii?oi? i?ioeane, yei ?aae?cothoueny a ee?oei?, ?
oaiia?aoo?icaeaaeieie o oiio nain?, ui oaiia?aoo?a eiio?ieth?
oaeaee?noue iiaeeo?eaoe?? aeaiaio?a ee?oeie, o oiio /ene?, ? no?oeoo?,
ui oi?iothoue eaiaee aeey o?ainii?oo eao?ii?a, ai?ii?a ? iae?iiieaeoe. A
oea icia/a?, ui iaiao?aeiei ? aiae?c oa?iiaeeiai?/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee
o?ainii?oieo nenoai, cie?aia, i?ioii?a, a?aeiia?aeaeueieo ca
i?aeo?eiaiiy aioo??oiueiee?oeiiiai ?I.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie
Aeaia aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa aeeiiaia ca?aeii c ieaiii iaoeiaiaeine?aeieo
?ia?o uiaei oaie 2.2.6.53.
Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy
Iaoith aeaii? ?iaioe ? aea/aiiy aa?’??ieo oa?aeoa?enoee a?eo?ioeeo?a c
ii?iaeueiei oa iiaeeo?eiaaiei oeeoineaeaoii ca oiia ae?? iniioe/ieo
oaeoi??a na?aaeiaeua, ui i?noyoue aeaeo?ie?oe oa iaaeaeo?ie?oe.
Ca?aeii iinoaaeai?e iao? ?iaioe iaiao?aeii aoei ae??oeoe ianooii?
caaea/?:
1. I?iaiae?coaaoe iiaaae?ieo a?eo?ioeeo?a ca oiia ae?? neeueiiai
iniioe/iiai no?ano ii ?ioaa?aeueiiio iieacieeo (aeoiaeo aaiiaeia?io) oa
ca aeiiiiiaith oeoi?anoea?iae?aoeaoaoo (oeoi?anoee?o? eeoa a aeea?e
ee?oei?) o caeaaeiino? a?ae ii/aoeiaiai noaio oeeoineaeaoa a oiiaao
ii?ie oa /anoeiai? aeaa?ae?aoaoe??.
2. Ioe?ieoe iniaeeaino? o?ainii?oo ai?ii?a oa i?ioiiia a
a?eo?ioeeoao ca oiia a?ia?oii?/iiai aieeao na?aaeiaeua oa aa??thaaii?
eiai neeaaeo i?e aeei?enoaii? ?ia?a?oi??a ai?iiiiai o?ainii?oo ??cii?
ae?? (ae?i???aeaiie, Ae?AeN) oa iiaeeo?eaoi??a oeeoineaeaoa (aai?i oa
/anoeiaa aeaa?ae?aoaoe?y).
3. Aeine?aeeoe oa?iiaeeiai?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee aoiaeo oa aeoiaeo i?ioii?a
a a?eo?ioeeoao i?e a?ia?oii?/iiio aieea? ca oiia iiaeeo?eaoe?? ee?oei
aeaa?ae?aoaoe??th oa ?ia?a?oi?aie ai?iiiiai o?ainii?oo.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a
Ioe?iea noaio a?eo?ioeeo?a ii ?ioaa?aeueiiio iieacieeo (aeoiaeo
aaiiaeia?io) aeaea iiaeeea?noue io?eiaoe caaaeueio ea?oeio ci?ie
iiaaae?iee a?eo?ioeeo?a i?e ae?? neeueiiai iniioe/iiai oeneo ?ic/ei?a
ciai?oiueiai na?aaeiaeua, ca?aeii ye?e /anoeiaa aeaa?ae?aoaoe?y, ui
ia?aaeo? ae?? a?ia?oii??, ni?ey? i?aeaeuaiith noaa?eueiino? ee?oei.
Aiae?c noi?iiiino? a?eo?ioeeo?a c aeei?enoaiiyi oeoi?anoea?iae?aoeaoaoo
oneeaaeiaiee c-ca ae?aioaaiiy oeoi?anoeaioe?? aaiiaeia?iii. Oiie?
iaoai?cie, ui eaaeaoue a iniia? oeeo aeine?aeaeaiue, aoee io?eiai? i?e
aea/aii? noaio o?ainii?oieo nenoai, ui caaacia/othoue i?aeo?eiaiiy
ee?oeiiiai aiiainoaco. Ci?ia ?I ee?oeie ia? aeaioaciee oa?aeoa?: oaca
caeeneaiiy a?aeaeaa? aeo?ae ai?ii?a oei?o, oaca caeoaeaiiy – o?ainii?o
noeueoaoo a a?eo?ioeeoe. Anoaiiaeaii, ui aeei?enoaiiy ?ia?a?oi??a
ai?iiiiai o?ainii?oo i?ecaiaeeoue aei c?ooaiiy e?euee?niiai
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy i?ae /enoei aeoiaeii oei?eaeo oa eiai aeoiaeii a iai?i
ia noeueoao.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a
Iaea?aeai? a ?iaio? ?acoeueoaoe aeicaieythoue c?iaeoe aeniiaie, ui
iai?iiee o?ainii?o CI-/SO42- a?eueo /ooeeaee aei a?ia?oii?/iiai aieeao
oa ae?? iiaiaioi??a ai?iiiiai o?ainii?oo ? iiaeeo?eaoi??a, i?ae /enoee
aeo?ae oei?eaeo. ?ia?aoth/ee aoaeo iiaeeo?eaoi??a ai?iiiiai o?ainii?oo
aecia/a?oueny ye i?e?iaeith naiiai ?ia?a?oi?a, oae ? neeaaeii
a?ia?oii?/iiai na?aaeiaeua, a yea iio?aieythoue ee?oeie i?e
ioieiaeaeaii?.
Iaeiieo?aioi? ?ia?aioi?e, aeieaoi?e ai?iiiiai eaiaeo (oeio
ae?i???aeaiiea), aoaeoeaii aeieothoue o?ainii?o ai?ii?a o
iaaeaeo?ie?oiiio na?aaeiaeu?. Niaoeeo?/i? iaiai?ioi? ?ia?a?oi?e,
aeieaoi?e o?ainii?oiiai naeoo (oeio Ae?AeN), aeyaeythoue ?ia?aoth/ee
aoaeo iica caeaaei?noth a?ae neeaaeo na?aaeiaeua.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a
Aeianai? ia caoeno iieiaeaiiy oa ?acoeueoaoe iaea?aeai? aeena?oaioii
iniaenoi. ?iaioe, ye? iathoue a?aeiioaiiy aei oaie aeena?oaoe??, ui
iioae?eoaaeeny o ni?aaaoi?noa? c Aiiaea?aiei O.I., ?aiacaiiaei A.A.,
a?aeia?aaeothoue ?acoeueoaoe, ui noinothoueny caaaeueiiai ieaioaaiiy
aenia?eiaioo oa i?aeaioiaee iaoa??ae?a aei ae?oeo.
Aaoi? naiino?eii i?ia?a aiae?c io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a, c?iaea aeniiaee
aei ?iaioe.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??
Iniiai? iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aeiiia?aeaeeny oa
iaaiai?thaaeeny ia: Eiioa?aioe?? iieiaeeo a/aieo OAeO (1996 ?.,
i.Oa?e?a), II c’?cae? OAOO (1998 ?., i.Oa?e?a), III c’?cae?
A?ei?onueeiai oiaa?enoaa oioia?ieia?a oa a?io?cee?a (1998 a., I?inuee).
Ioae?eaoe??
Ca iaoa??aeaie aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 5 ?ia?o, 3 c yeeo – o
oeaio?aeueieo aaeocaaeo aeo?iaeao.
Ianya oa no?oeoo?a aeene?aoaoe??
Iaoa??aee aeeeaaeai? ia 10 noi??ieao ae?oeiaaiiai oaenoo ? iicoyoue
anooi, iaeyae e?oa?aoo?e (1 ?icaeie), iaoa??aee ? iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiue
(2 ?icaeie), ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue oa ?o iaaiai?aiiy (3 ?icaeie),
caeeth/aiiy, aeniiaee, 25 ?ethno?aoe?e (25 noi?iiie), 14 oaaeeoeue (14
noi?iiie), aeiaeaoie (8 noi?iiie), a oaeiae nienie e?oa?aoo?e, yeee
iinoeoue 166 iaeiaioaaiue e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae (17 noi?iiie).
Caaaeueia iaoiaeeea oa iniiai? iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy
Aenia?eiaioe i?iaiaeeeeny ia a?eo?ioeeoao na?aei? aeiii?nueei? e?ia?
ethaeeie, io?eiaii? c Oa?e?anueei? iaeanii? noaioe?? ia?aeeaaiiy e?ia?.
Aa?’??io ooieoe?th iaia?ai ee?oei eiio?iethaaee ii ?ioaa?aeueiiio
iieacieeo – aeoiaeo aaiiaeia?io, ui aecia/aee niaeo?ioioiiao?e/ii ia
i?eeaae? NO-4A c i?ioi/iith ethaaoith i?e 543 ii ? ae?aaeaee o
a?aenioeao ii a?aeiioaiith aei e?eueeino? aaiiaeia?io a ee?oeiao aei
acyooy ?o a aenia?eiaio (oeth aaee/eio i?eeiaee ca 100 %). Aeey
aecia/aiiy 100 %-iiai aaiie?co a?eo?ioeeoe ?oeioaaee o?eoiiii O-100 (0,1
%). Niaeo?e oeoi?anoeaioe?? a?eo?ioeeo?a ?a?no?oaaee ia niaeo?ioioiiao??
I?A-2A o??ie O?oa/?, aeei?enoiaoth/e oeoi?anoeaioiee ciiae OAeA
(oeoi?anoea?iae?aoeaoao) [Aeaaeeie?ia TH.A, Aeia?aoeia A.A.,1980]. I?e
aiae?c? a?eo?ioeeo?a iaoiaeii ?I-iao??? aeei?enoiaoaaee ee?oeie c 2
%-iei aaiaoie?eoii, ui aiineee o oa?iinoaoo?io eii??eo c ?I-aeaeo?iaeii.
Ooieoe?thaaiiy ai?iiiiai eaiaeo a?eo?ioeeo?a ioe?ithaaee ii aeeiai?oe?
ci?ie ?I noniaic?? ee?oei ? ?a?no?oaaee ca aeiiiiiaith naiiienoey Aiae?i
(AAe?).
Aeei?enoiaoaaee ?ia?a?oi?e ai?iiiiai o?ainii?oo ae?i??iaeaiie ? Ae?AeN
o??ie “SIGMA” (NOA). Eiinoaioo ?ia?aoaaiiy o?ainii?oo i?ioii?a o ee?oeio
aecia/aee a?ao?/iei iaoiaeii Ae?eniia [Oyaa E., 1966]. Noaoenoe/io
ia?iaeo ?acoeueoao?a i?iaiaeeee ca iaoiaeii Nouethaeaioa – O?oa?a
[Caeoeaa A.I.,1984].
AEANI? ?ACOEUeOAOE OA ?O IAAIAI?AIIss
1. O?eae?noue a?eo?ioeeo?a aei iniioe/iiai no?ano o caeaaeiino? a?ae
iiia?aaei?o oiia na?aaeiaeua
Iiaaae?iea ee?oei i?e ioieiaeaeaii? oa caii?iaeoaaii? a cia/i?e i???
coiiaeaia ci?iaie noaio ieaciaoe/ii? iaia?aie oa a?eeiaiai oeeoineaeaoa.
Anioe?aoe?y a?eeiaiai oeeoineaeaoa c ?ioaa?aeueieie eiiiiiaioaie
ieaciaoe/ii? iaia?aie caaacia/o? iino?ei?noue aioo??oiueiee?oeiiiai
na?aaeiaeua ? caeaaeeoue a?ae oaiia?aoo?e, ?I, eiioeaio?aoe?? ?ii?a o
na?aaeiaeu?. A?eeiaee oeeoineaeao caeaoiee ci?ithaaoe na?e no?oeoo?iee
noai ca oiia ae?? oaeeo oaeoi??a, ye oaiia?aoo?a oa iniiey?i?noue.
Iaoai?ci ?aaoethaaiiy noaio oeeoineaeaoa, a oaeiae ? eiai noaa?euei?noue
iieyaa? a i?aeo?eiaii? iaaii? eiioeaio?aoe?? a?eea a iaeeieoe? ia’?io
aioo??oiueiee?oeiiiai ?ic/eiieea. Aioo??oiueiee?oeiia aiaea o ii?i?
eiio?ieth? ye no?oeoo?o, oae ? ooieoe?th ee?oeie, a ni?iiiaei?noue
a?ee?a ca’ycoaaoe aiaeo ei?aeth? c iniioe/iith aeoeai?noth ee?oeie
[Aenaiia N.E., 1990].
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