I?I?NOA?NOAI IOI?IIE CAeI?IA’ss OE?A?IE
EE?ANUeEA IAAeE*IA AEAAeAI?ss I?NEssAeEIEIIII? INA?OE
?i. I.E. Ooieea
Ia i?aaao ?oeiieno
*oi?eia Aaiiaae?e Ieeieaeiae/
OAeE 616.833.17 – 002 – 085.849.19 + 615.814.1
AEEI?ENOAIIss EACA?IIOIEOO?E A EIIIEAENIIIO E?EOAAII?
IAA?EOO EEOeAAIAI IA?AA
14. 01. 15 – ia?aia? oai?iae
Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa iaaee/ieo iaoe
EE?A – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? ?aoeaenioa?ai?? Ee?anueei? iaaee/ii?
aeaaeai?? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ?i. I.E. Ooieea, IIC Oe?a?ie.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, /eai –
ei?aniiiaeaio AII Oe?a?ie,
Ia/a?ao ?aaai?y Eaii?ae?aia,
Ee?anueea iaaee/ia aeaaeai?y i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe ?i. I.E. Ooieea IIC Oe?a?ie,
eaoaae?a ?aoeaenioa?ai??, caa?aeoaa/
eaoaae?e.
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:
– aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Iaiueeianueeee Ieeeoa
Ai?eniae/, ?inoeooo aa?iioieia?? AII Oe?a?ie, a?aeae?e ee?i?/ii?
o?c?ieia?? oa iaoieia?? ia?aiai? nenoaie, eiinoeueoaio a?aeae?eo
– aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? ?aoooaiei Noai?neaa
Einoyioeiiae/, Aeiiaoeueeee aea?aeaaiee iaaee/iee oi?aa?neoao ?i. I.
Ai?ueeiai IIC Oe?a?ie, oaeoeueoao i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe, eaoaae?a
aeeoy/i? oa caaaeueii? iaa?ieia?? c eo?nii ?aoeaenioa?ai??, caa?aeoaa/
eaoaae?e.
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Oe?a?inueeee iaoeiai – aeine?aeiee ?inoeooo
ee?i?/ii? oa aenia?eiaioaeueii? iaa?ieia?? oa ineo?ao??? IIC Oe?a?ie (
i. Oa?e?a ), a?aeae?e noaeeiii? iaoieia?? aieiaiiai iiceo.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “21 “ ea?oiy 1999 p. i 11-00 aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26. 613. 01 i?e
Ee?anuee?e iaaee/i?e aeaaeai?? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ?i. I.E. Ooieea
(254112, Ee?a, aoe. Aei?iaiaeeoeueea, 9, aoaeeoi??y ? 3).
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? Ee?anueei? iaaee/ii?
aeaaeai?? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ?i. I.E. Ooieea (Ee?a, aoe.
Aei?iaiaeeoeueea, 9).
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “ 19 “ aa?aciy 1999 p.
A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
eaiae. iaae. iaoe, aeioeaio
I.?. ?iiaiaiei
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. O?aaeaiiy eeoeaaiai ia?aa iin?aeathoue ia?oa i?noea
ca na?aae iiiiiaa?eo?a oa iiiiiaa?iiao?e (Eiac?i A.N., Oeaoee?ia I.Ae.,
1988), cono??/athoueny iae/ano?oa na?aae o?aaeaiue /a?aiieo ia?a?a
(Ei?aeai?anueeee E.A. oa ?i., 1978; Iaca?aiei A.A.oa ?i.,1993.) O
??cieo ?aa?iiao na?oo caoai?thaai?noue ia iaa?eo eeoeaaiai ia?aa (IEI)
noaiiaeoue a?ae 16,0 aei 30,1 ia 100000 ianaeaiiy (Aeueia?iae/ I.I. oa
?i., 1978; Kline D.G.,Hudson A.K., 1995).
Ia oeth oai?iao no?aaeaeathoue ethaee ??ciiai a?eo, aea /ano?oa
iieiaeiai oa na?aaeiueiai (Oa?aa? I.A., Oa?aa? O.I., 1991). AE?iee
oai??thoue /ano?oa, i?ae /ieia?ee, ui, ia aeoieo aeine?aeiee?a,
iiynith?oueny a?eueoith eaa?euei?noth aaaaoinoaeeiieo oa aiioe?eieo
i?ioean?a o ae?iie (Aeueia?iae/ I.I. oa ?i., 1978; Eiac?i A.N.,
Oeaoee?ia I.Ae., 1988).
IEI i?ecaiaeeoue aei o?eaaei? oei/aniai? iai?aoeacaeaoiino?, aeeeeea?
aeooaai? no?aaeaeaiiy oa oaeethaaiiy, coiiaey? ?iaae?aeecaoe?th
i?aoe?aiee?a aeayeeo i?ioan?e. ?acii c oei ieoaiiy e?eoaaiiy o?aaeaiue
eeoeaaiai ia?aa ae??oai? ua ia iiai?noth. Oae, i?e e?eoaai?
o?aaeeoe?eieie iaoiaeaie o 8 – 15% oai?eo caeeoa?oueny a?oaee aeaoaeo
iaee//y aiane?aeie aeeaieiai ia?aco i?i?/ieo i’yc?a, a o 16 – 32 %
?icaeaa?oueny iinoiaa?eoe/ia eiio?aeoo?a (Aio?iiaa E.I., Iiiiae/ A.A.,
1987; Siato H., 1985; Kline D.G., Hudson A.K., 1995).
A?aoiaoth/e aenieo /anoioo o?aaeaiue eeoeaaiai ia?aa oa cia/io
e?euee?noue oneeaaeiaiue, ia?aaaaeio caoai?thaai?noue in?a
i?aoeacaeaoiiai a?eo, c iaeiiai aieo, oa ?nioth/? i?iaeaie e?eoaaiiy
IEI, c ae?oaiai , c?icoi?eei ? iiooe iiaeo i?aeoiae?a o e?eoaaii? oe???
iaaeoae.
Ca?aeii c aeaieie ia?aaaaeii? a?eueoino? aeine?aeiee?a (Aeueia?iae/
I.I. oa ?i., 1978; A??iooaei A.A., 1980; Ioeaoia A.I., Aaaaeana?ia
TH.?., 1984), IEI – iie?ao?ieia?/ia caoai?thaaiiy. Ca no/anieie
oyaeaiiyie uiaei iaoiaaiaco IEI (Ioc?i I.I. oa ?i., 1991; Oa?aa? I.A.,
Oa?aa? O.I., 1991), i?ae aieeaii ??cieo oaeoi??a aeieeathoue ?iceaaee
?aa?iia?iiai e?iaiia?ao, ianaiia?aae o aanaei? ciai?oiuei? niiii?
a?oa???, oa e?ioiia?ao o e?ai?ioea?a?eaeuei?e ae?eyioe?, aiane?aeie
/iai ianooia? ?oai?y ia?aa, eiai iaa?ye, noeniaiiy o aocueeiio eiae?
oaeeii??aiai eaiaeo, ui i?ecaiaeeoue aei ii?ooaiiy i?ia?aeiino? ii
ia?ao. Oiio aeey oni?oiiai e?eoaaiiy IEI, ca aeaieie e?oa?aoo?e
(Aeueia?iae/ I.I. oa ?i., 1981; Ea?eia A.A., 1991), iaiao?aeii
canoiniaoaaoe oae? caniae, aieea yeeo e?ea?aeo? noaeeii? ii?ooaiiy oa
iaa?ye o cii? aeeaeaiiy eeoeaaiai ia?aa oeyoii iie?ioaiiy
i?e?ioee?eoeyoe??, noeioeth? ?aaaia?aoe?th ia?aiaeo ooai?aiue, aeyaey?
i?ioecaiaeueio, ?ioiiei?aaoth/o, aeanainea?e?coth/o, i?ioeaieueiao
ae?th, oiaoi ae?? ia an? iniiai? eaiee iaoiaaiaco IEI.
Eaoaae?a ?aoeaenioa?ai?? Ee?anueei? iaaee/ii? aeaaeai?? i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe ia iniia? aaaaoi??/iiai ee?i?ei-aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aeina?aeo
i?iiiio? iiaee i?aeo?ae aei e?eoaaiiy IEI, yeee ia?aaeaa/a? canoinoaaiiy
o eiiieaen? e?eoaaeueieo caoiae?a eaca?iioieoo?e (EI) ?io?a/a?aiiei
eaca?iei aei?ii?ithaaiiyi (?*EA).
Aenia?eiaioaeuei? oa ee?i?/i? aeai? i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue, ui aieea
eaca?iei aei?ii?ithaaiiyi ia ooeiaeaeaio oeaieio ciaioo?
?ioa?noeoe?aeueiee oa aioo??oiueiee?oeiiee iaa?ye ca ?aooiie iie?ioaiiy
i?e?ioee?eoeyoe?? (Ai?enia A.A. oa ?i., 1985; Eiaai A.A., 1989;
Aa?ieai?iaenueeee A.N., 1991; Noaiaiia A.A. oa ?i., 1991).
Ca aeaieie ??cieo aaoi??a, eaca?ia aia?a?y caeaoia noeioethaaoe
ooieoe?th ia?aiaeo ooai?aiue, ni?ey? a?aeiiaeaiith i?e?iaaii?onea ia?aa
(Ei?eooei I.I., Ia/a?ao ?.E., 1982; TH?ao A.I., Aa?cai?/ ?.?., 1985;
Ia/a?ao ?.E. oa ?i., 1998). Eaca?ia aei?ii?ithaaiiy oaeiae ia?
i?ioecaiaeueiee oa i?ioeiaa?yeiaee aieea (Aeaaeaoaa A.?. oa ?i., 1991;
Naiinthe ?.C. oa ?i., 1997), iie?ioo? ?ioi?oao (Ia/a?ao ?.E. oa ?i.,
1989; Ca?aiai ?.A., 1991; Iaiaeeaiei I.TH., Aeieo?aiei I.I., 1997).
I?e oeueiio a?aei?/aii, ui a?ioeaieie ? iaea?eueo iioe/ii i?ici?eie aei
eaca?iiai aei?ii?ithaaiiy aeeaeiueiai ?io?a/a?aiiiai ae?aiaciio
(Iieiinueeee A.E., 1991),
ui aeicaiey? ?io?a/a?aii?e eaca?i?e aia?a?? i?iieeiooe ia aeeaeio aei 7
ni c iaeiaioeie ao?aoaie.
Aieea eaca?iei aei?ii?ithaaiiyi ia oi/ee aeoioieoo?e (OA), ciia yeeo
iniaeeai iane/aia ia?aiai-noaeeiieie aeaiaioaie, e??i ae?aaeaiiai
i?noeaaiai aoaeoo, aeeeeea? oi?ioaaiiy iiooaeiiai iioieo aoa?aioieo
?iioeuen?a, ye? ni?eythoue a?aeiiaeaiith ii?iaeueiiai ooieoe?iioaaiiy
aeueo aaeaioaoe?eieo no?oeoo? i?aai?cio, e?ea?aeaoe?? iaoieia?/ieo
aeii?iaioieo aiaieu ye o ei?? aieiaiiai iiceo, oae ? o i?aeii?yaeeiaaieo
?e no?oeoo?ao ia?aiai? nenoaie, ui ii?iae?co? aaaaoinoaeeiio
?aaoeyoe?th, iie?ioo? iiceiaee e?iaiia?a (Aeo?eiyi ?.A., 1983; Ia/a?ao
?.E. oa ?i., 1998).
Oaeei /eiii, ?*EA caeaoia iie?iooaaoe i?e?ioee?eoeyoe?th, noeioethaaoe
?aaaia?aoe?th ia?aiaeo ooai?aiue, aeyaeyoe i?ioeaieueiaee,
i?ioeiaa?yeiaee, i?ioecaiaeueiee, ?ioiiei?eaoth/ee aieea, oiaoi ae?yoe
ia iniiai? eaiee iaoiaaiaco IEI. Oea aeicaieeei iai canoinoaaoe iaoiae
EI ?*EA o eiiieaeniiio e?eoaaii? oai?eo ia IEI ye o aino??e noaae??, oae
? i?e o?eaaeiio ia?aa?ao caoai?thaaiiy.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aeena?oaoe?eia
?iaioa iia’ycaia c aeeiiaiiyi aaeocaai? ?i?oe?aeueii – iiooeiai?
oaiaoeee Ee?anueei? iaaee/ii? aeaaeai?? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ?i. I.E.
Ooieea IIC Oe?a?ie ca iiia?ii aea?ae?a?no?aoe?? 0196 EI 10565 .
Iaoa ? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoiaaiaoe/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy
canoinoaaiiy EI ?*EA i?e e?eoaaii? oai?eo c IEI. Ioe?iea ee?i?/ii?
aoaeoeaiino? EI ?*EA o eiiieaeniiio e?eoaaii? oai?eo c IEI ia ??cieo
noaae?yo eiai ia?aa?ao ? ?ic?iaea ia iniia? io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a
iioeiaeueii? iaoiaeeee canoinoaaiiy EI ?*EA i?e e?eoaaii? oai?eo ia IEI
caeaaeii a?ae noaae?? caoai?thaaiiy.
A?aeiia?aeii aei oeueiai iinoaaeaii oae? caaaeaiiy:
1. Aecia/eoe iaeaoaeoeai?o? OA aeey aieeao EI ?*EA i?e ??cieo
aa??aioao ia?aa?ao IEI.
2. Aecia/eoe iaea?eueo iioeiaeueiee ?aaeei aieeao EI ?*EA ia OA i?e
??cieo aa??aioao ia?aa?ao IEI.
3. ?ic?iaeoe iaea?eueo ?aoe?iiaeueio noaio e?eoaaiiy oai?eo c ??cieie
noaae?yie ia?aa?ao IEI ca aeiiiiiaith EI ?*EA oa ?? ia’?eoea?caoe?th
ee?i?/ieie ? ia?aee?i?/ieie iaoiaeaie aeine?aeaeaiiy.
4. Aea/eoe oa?aiaaoe/io aoaeoeai?noue EI ?*EA o oai?eo c IEI.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Aia?oa ia cia/i?e e?eueeino?
niinoa?aaeaiue aoei aea/aii oa noaoenoe/ii aeiaaaeaii ee?i?/io
aoaeoeai?noue EI ?*EA i?e e?eoaaii? oai?eo c IEI ia ??cieo noaae?yo eiai
ia?aa?ao.
Anoaiiaeai? iaea?eueo aoaeoeai? OA aeey aieeao ?*EA o oai?eo c IEI
caeaaeii a?ae noaae?? caoai?thaaiiy. Iaa?oioiaaii ?aaeei aieeao ?*EA ia
OA i?e IEI oa ?ic?iaeaii iaea?eueo ?aoe?iiaeueio noaio canoinoaaiiy EI
?*EA i?e e?eoaaii? oai?eo c IEI ia ??cieo noaae?yo ia?aa?ao
caoai?thaaiiy.
Cai?iiiiiaaii i?ea?iaeueiee ae?aaiinoe/iee i?aeo?ae c aeei?enoaiiyi
iaoiae?a aeoioieoo?ii? ae?aaiinoeee (Iaeaoai?, Aeaaaia) aeey aecia/aiiy
iioeiaeueieo OA oa ?aaeeio aieeao EI ?*EA i?e IEI caeaaeii a?ae noaae??
ia?aa?ao caoai?thaaiiy.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. I?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy
aeicaieeee iioei?coaaoe noaio canoinoaaiiy EI ?*EA i?e IEI, i?aeaeueoe
aoaeoeai?noue eiai e?eoaaiiy ye o aino??e noaae??, oae ? i?e o?eaaeiio
ia?aa?ao caoai?thaaiiy, ciaioeoe e?euee?noue oneeaaeiaiue oa aoaeoeaii
ai?ioeny c oaeeie oneeaaeiaiiyie, ye canoa??eee ia?ac ? eiio?aeoo?a
i?i?/ieo i’yc?a. I?e aeei?enoaii? iaoiaeo EI ?*EA o eiiieaeniiio
e?eoaaii? oai?eo ia IEI oaeiae aaeaeinue iaeaea aaea?/? ciaioeoe
iaaeeeaiaioicia iaaaioaaeaiiy. Iaoiae EI ?*EA ia iio?aao? a?ii?caeei?
aia?aoo?e, ia ia? i?ioeiieacaiue ? eiai ai?iaaaeaeaiiy o i?aeoe/io
iaaeeoeeio aeicaieeoue iaaeaaaoe aoaeoeaio aeiiiiiao oai?ei c IEI o
??cieo ?aa?iiao Oe?a?ie.
Cai?iiiiiaaiee iaoiae e?eoaaiiy ai?iaaaeaeaii o ?? iaa?ieia?/iiio
a?aeae?eaii? Ee?anueei? iaeanii? ee?i?/ii? e?ea?i? ?1, o iaa?ieia?/iiio
a?aeae?eaii? ??aiainueeiai ee?i?/iiai e?eoaaeueii – ae?aaiinoe/iiai
oeaio?o, o iaa?ieia?/iiio a?aeae?eaii? Aa?aee/?anueeiai i?nueeiai OII
AEeoiie?nueei? iaeano?, aeeth/aii aei iaa/aeueiiai i?ioeano ia eaoaae??
?aoeaenioa?ai?? Ee?anueei? iaaee/ii? aeaaeai?? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe
?i. I.E. Ooieea, i?i ui na?ae/aoue a?aeiia?aei? aeoe ai?iaaaeaeaiiy.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Aaoi?ii iniaenoi i?iaiae?ciaaii iaoeiao
e?oa?aoo?o c ia?aii? oaie, i?iaaaeaii aeeaieee ?ioi?iaoe?eiee iiooe.
?acii c iaoeiaei ea??aieeii /e.-ei?. AII Oe?a?ie, i?io. ?.E. Ia/a?ao
noi?ioeueiaaii iaoo oa caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy, iaaiai?aii oaeoeeo
canoinoaaiiy EI ?*EA o eiiieaeniiio e?eoaaii? IEI, i?aeoe/i?
?aeiiaiaeaoe??. Aaoi? naiino?eii i?ia?a ee?i?/ia aeine?aeaeaiiy oai?eo,
?o e?eoaaiiy EI ?*EA oa ?ioeie iaoiaeaie ?aoeaenioa?ai??, oaeiae
ianoaaeaiiy oai?eo c aeiiiiiaith iaoiae?a aeoioieoo?ii? ae?aaiinoeee
Iaeaoai? oa Aeaaaia. Canoinoaaiiy iaoiae?a ooieoe?iiaeueii? ae?aaiinoeee
– aeaeo?ii?ia?ao??, ?aiaioeaoaeia?ao??, aeaeo?iaioeaoaeia?ao?? –
aeeiiaii aaoi?ii iniaenoi ia aac? ee?i?/iiai a?aeae?eo ?inoeoooo
Aa?iioieia?? AII Oe?a?ie i?ae ea??aieoeoaii aeieoi?a iaae. iaoe, cai.
aee?aeoi?a c iaoeiai? oa i?aai?caoe?eii? ?iaioe E.A. Na?e?niaa.
Ia?aeiia ia?iaea iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a, ?o aiae?c, iaienaiiy iaeyaeo
e?oa?aoo?e, ?icae?e?a iniaenoeo aeine?aeaeaiue, i?aenoie?a, aeniiae?a
aaoi?ii aeeiiaii naiino?eii.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe aaoi? aeiiia?a
ia ?? Oe?a?inuee?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? c ia?iaeii? oa
iao?aaeeoe?eii? iaaeeoeeie (Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, 24 – 27 aa?aniy 1996?.),
ia iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? ‘’Ia?iaeia oa iao?aaeeoe?eia
iaaeeoeeia Oe?a?ie ia no/aniiio aoai?’’ (Ee?a, 12 – 13 /a?aiy 1997?.),
ia ?? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Iao?aaeeoe?ei? iaoiaee
ae?aaiinoeee oa e?eoaaiiy” (Ee?a, 25 – 26 aa?aniy 1997?.), ia ???
Oe?a?inuee?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? c ia?iaeii? oa
iao?aaeeoe?eii? iaaeeoeeie (Ee?a, 22 – 25 aa?aniy 1998 ?.), ia
ni?eueiiio can?aeaii? eaoaae? ?aoeaenioa?ai??, iaa?ieia?? oa iaa?ieia??
c oeeeeii aeeoy/i? iaa?ieia?? Ee?anueei? iaaee/ii? aeaaeai??
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe ?i. I.E. Ooieea 7 aeiaoiy 1998 ?.
Ioae?eaoe??. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 4 noaoo? o
iaoeiaeo aeo?iaeao , c yeeo 1 iniaenoa oa 3 – o ni?aaaoi?noa?, 6 noaoae
a ca??eao iaoeiaeo i?aoeue oa a iaoa??aeao eiioa?aioe?e oa 4 oace
eiioa?aioe?e .
Ianya oa no?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?th aeeeaaeaii ia 181
noi??ioe? iaoeiiieno, ?ethno?iaaii 28 oaaeeoeyie, 39 iaethieaie oa
ee?i?/ieie niinoa?aaeaiiyie. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c anooio oa 3
?icae?e?a, aiae?co oa ocaaaeueiaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue,
aeniiae?a, i?aeoe/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e, nieneo e?oa?aoo?e, yeee aeeth/a?
377 aeaea?ae, c ieo 286 a?o/eciyieo oa 91 ?iicaiieo.
INIIAIA *ANOEIA
Iaoa??ae oa iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaie aeine?aeaeaii 87 oai?eo c
ii?ooaiiyi ooieoe?? eeoeaaiai ia?aa, o 84 c ieo aoei ae?aaiinoiaaii
IEI, o 3 – a?aoii?aeeo iinoi – iici/eiaiai eooa. A?e oai?eo aeaii? a?oie
noaiiaea a?ae 12 aei 68 ?ie?a, na?aaei?e a?e – (30 1,2) ?ieo. 80
oai?eo (91,9%) aoee i?aoeacaeaoiiai a?eo. Caeaaeii a?ae i?e/eie
caoai?thaaiiy IEI aoei ?iciiae?eaii ia i?inooaei? (47), noaeeii? (14),
?ioaeoe?eii – aea?a?/i? (11), ?ae?iiaoe/i? (9) oa a???ae?oa?ii
iaoiiaeai? (3). E?eoaaiiy c aeei?enoaiiyi o eiiieaen? EI ?*EA aoei
i?iaaaeaii an?i 87 oai?ei. Aeey EI ?*EA aeei?enoaii aia?ao “A?iiaae
001” (Oe?a?ia, Ee?a), yeee ? iaeiei ?c no/anieo ?io?a/a?aiieo eaca?ieo
noeioeyoi??a. Aeiaaeeia oaee? eaca?iiai aei?ii?ithaaiiy – 0,89 iei.
Aia?ao iiaea i?aoethaaoe o aeaio ?aaeeiao – ?iioeuenii – aacia?a?aiiio
oa c iiaeoeyoe??th /anoio. Na?aaeiy iiooaei?noue aei?ii?ithaaiiy a
?iioeuenii – aacia?a?aiiio ?aaeei? – 20 iAo a iaeiiio ?iioeuen?.
Aeae?eueea aeae?a oieonoth/eo ianaaeie aeicaiey? caaacia/eoe u?eueiee
eiioaeo c oe??ith i?ae /an aieeao ia OA. E?eoaaiiy i?iaiaeeee uiaeaiii,
eo?n e?eoaaiiy 10 – 16 naain?a. *an ae?? ia iaeio ei?ii?aeueio OA
noaiiaea a?ae 1 aei 3 oa, ao?eeoey?io – 30 – 60 n, noia?ia aeniiceoe?y
i?ae /an iaeiiai naaino – 15 – 40 oa. I?ae /an iaei??? i?ioeaaeo?e
aeei?enoiaoaaee 10 – 18 OA.
?ino?oiaioaeuei? iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy oai?eo ia IEI aeeth/aee
noeioeyoe?eio aeaeo?ii?ia?ao?th (AIA), ?aiaioeaoaeia?ao?th (?AA),
aeaeo?iaioeaoaeia?ao?th (AAA) oa iaoiaee aeoioieoo?ii? ae?aaiinoeee
Iaeaoai? e Aeaaaia. Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeee aei ii/aoeo oa i?ney
cae?i/aiiy eo?no e?eoaaiiy c aeei?enoaiiyi iaoiaeo EI ?*EA.
C iaoith aecia/aiiy ooieoe?iiaeueiiai noaio i?i?/ieo i’yc?a oa
eeoeaaiai ia?aa, a oaeiae aeey ioe?iee ?acoeueoao?a e?eoaaiiy,
aeei?enoaii iaoiae AIA. Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeee ia aia?ao? oeio
“B.A.S.I.S. E.P.M.” (?oae?y), yeee ? eiii’thoa?eciaaiei aiae?caoi?ii
a?iiioaioe?ae?a c a?aeaia?ao?/iith iai’yooth, c aeei?enoaiiyi
noeioeyoe?eii? AIA. Ca aeiiiiiaith noeioeyoe?eii? AIA aecia/athoueny
iioaioe?aee i’yc?a, ye? aeieeathoue i?e iiae?aciaii? aeaeo?e/iei no?oiii
ia?a?a aai i’yc?a. Aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeth/aei aecia/aiiy aiie?ooaee (A) I
– a?aeiia?ae?, eaoaioiiai ia??iaeo (O) I – a?aeiia?ae? i?i?/ieo i’yc?a
oa oaeaeeino? i?iaaaeaiiy ?iioeueno (OI?) ii eeoeaaiio ia?ao.
Noeioeyoe?eio AIA i?iaiaeeee ca noaiaea?oieie iaoiaeeeaie (Aaaeaeyi
E.I., Neai?oeia ?.A., 1986; Aaoo A.I., 1990; *aaioa?ueiaa E.E., 1997;
Kline D.G., Hudson A.K., 1995; Trojaborg W., 1992).
Aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy aaiiaeeiai?ee aieiaiiai iiceo aeei?enoiaoaaee
iaoiae ?AA. Iaie aoei canoiniaaii iaoiaeeeo aaoiiaoe/ii? ?a?no?aoe?? oa
aiae?co ?AA (Nieieiaa ?.A., ss?oee?i O.O., 1982; A?aeia A.A., A?aiueeia
N.A., 1992; E?aia?aiei A.A., 1997). Aeey ?AA – aeine?aeaeaiiy
canoiniaaii aaoiiaoeciaaiee eiiieaen ?a?no?aoe?? oa ia?iaee ?aia?ao?/ieo
neaiae?a “Georg”(Oe?a?ia, Oa?e?a). Aeei?enoiaoaaee noaiaea?oi?
neiao?e/i? a?aeaaaeaiiy: o?iioi – ianoi?aeaeuei? (O – I) oa ieoeeieoi –
ianoi?aeaeuei? (I – I), ui aeicaiey? aeine?aeeoe aaiiaeeiai?eo
aioo??oi?o niiieo oa o?aaaoieo a?oa??e. Aiae?c ?AA aeeth/aa i?iaaaeaiiy
a?coaeueiiai aiae?co e?eaeo oa e?euee?niee aiae?c iieaciee?a.
A?iaeaeo?e/io aeoeai?noue aieiaiiai iiceo aeine?aeaeoaaee
iaoiaeii AAA. Aeei?enoiaoaaee eiii’thoa?iee aeaeo?iaioeaoaeia?ao “DX –
4000 practic” ( Oe?a?ia, Oa?e?a), yeee aeicaiey? ?a?no?oaaoe AAA ca 16
eaiaeaie. ?acoeueoaoe AAA i?aeeyaaee a?coaeueiiio aiae?co. Caien
cae?enithaaee ca noaiaea?oieie iaoiaeeeaie (A??iooaei A.A., 1980;
AEe?ioinueea A.A., Ein?a A.N., 1984; C?ieia E.?., ?iie?i I.A.,
1991), io?eiai? aeai? AAA eeaneo?eoaaee ca A.A.
AEe?ioinueeith.
Aeey iioei?caoe?? aieeao ia OA eaca?iei aei?ii?ithaaiiyi ie
aeine?aeaeoaaee oai?eo c IEI ca aeiiiiiaith ?ino?oiaioaeueieo iaoiae?a
aeoioieoo?ii? ae?aaiinoeee – Iaeaoai? oa Aeaaaia, ui aeaaaei
iiaeeea?noue c’ynoaaoe ooieoe?iiaeueiee noai ia?eae?ai?a aeoioieoo?e.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy iaoiaeii Iaeaoai? i?iaiaeeee ca noaiaea?oiith iaoiaeeeith
(Oaaa?aa Ae.I., 1980; Hyodo M.D., 1975), aeei?enoiaoth/e no?oi
oanooaaiiy neeith 200 ieA oa iai?oaith 12 A. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy
oai?eo iaoiaeii Iaeaoai? ii?aoeueiaaii ca aeiiiiiaith eiii’thoa?ii?
i?ia?aie (Ryodoraku 1992, Oe?a?ia, Ee?a), yea ia?aaeaa/aea a?ao?/io
iiaoaeiao ea?oe Ryodoraku c aecia/aiiyi a?ao?ea ia?aiao??a ia?eae?ai?a
oa “o?c?ieia?/iiai ei?eaei?o” (OE), a oaeiae e?euee?niee aiae?c.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy iaoiaeii Aeaaaia i?iaiaeeee ca noaiaea?oiith iaoiaeeeith
(Ii?oiia O.A.,1988; ?aoooaiei N.E. oa ?i., 1991; Hyodo M.D., 1975),
aeei?enoiaoth/e eiioaeoiee oa?ii/ooeeaee oano ca aeiiiiiaith aia?aoo
“A?iiaae – 005” (Oe?a?ia, Ee?a). ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy
ii?aoeueiaoaaee ca aeiiiiiaith ea?oe Aeaaaia, ca yeith oi?ioaaee OE.
Iaea?aeai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy ia?iaeaii iaoiaeii aa??aoe?eii?
noaoenoeee c aeei?enoaiiyi ia?aiao?e/iiai e?eoa??th Nouethaeaioa oa
iaia?aiao?e/ieo ia?ieo e?eoa???a ciae?a e A?eeieniia oa e?eoa??y aeey
aeaio iacaeaaeieo noeoiiinoae Eieiiai?iaa – Ni??iiaa.
?acoeueoaoe aeanieo aeine?aeaeaiue. I?i aoaeoeaia canoinoaaiiy eaca?iiai
aei?ii?ithaaiiy i?e ?yae? caoai?thaaiue OeIN, AIN oa IIN iia?aeiieythoue
aaaaoi aeine?aeiee?a (ss?ioeueea A.I., Aooaiei I.?., 1983; Aeo?eiyi
?.A. oa ?i., 1984; Cicoey TH.A. oa ?i., 1989).
Ia eaoaae?? ?aoeaenioa?ai?? EIAII ?i. I.E. Ooieea iiiaae 20
?ie?a oni?oii aeei?enoiaothoue a e?eoaaii? ?yaeo caoai?thaaiue ia?aiai?
nenoaie iaoiae EI ?*EA (Ae?eaaio E.I. oa ?i.,1987; Cicoey ?.N. oa ?i.,
1987; Ia/a?ao ?.E. oa ?i., 1987; Ia/a?ao ?.E. oa ?i., 1994;
Iai?ea?nueeee A.A. oa ?i., 1996; Eae?uoe O.I. oa ?i., 1997; Ei?/aiiee
A.I. oa ?i., 1997; Ia/a?ao ?.E., Ei?eooei I.I., 1997; Naiaiiaa
I.A., 1997).
A?aoiaoth/e iniaeeaino? ae?? ?*EA ( iie?ioaiiy
i?e?ioee?eoeyoe??, noeioeyoe?y ?aaaia?aoe?? ia?aiaeo ooai?aiue,
i?ioeiaa?yeiaee, i?ioecaiaeueiee, i?ioeaieueiaee, ?ioiiei?eaoth/ee
aoaeoe), ye? aeoeaii ni?eythoue onoiaiith iaoieia?/ieo iaoai?ci?a, ui
eaaeaoue o iniia? IEI, caione iiooaeieo iae?i?aoeaeoi?ieo oa
iae?iaoii?aeueieo iaoai?ci?a aiane?aeie aieeao ?*EA ia OA ui ae?? ia
o?aaeai? i?aaie oa nenoaie, ia i?aai?ci o oe?eiio, a oaeiae aa?o/e aei
oaaae iiceoeai? e?eoaaeuei? aoaeoe i?e canoinoaaii? eaca?iioieoo?e o
oai?eo c o?aaeaiiyie ia?aiai? nenoaie, iiaeia aaaaeaoe aeei?enoaiiy
iaoiaeo EI ?*EA i?e e?eoaaii? oai?eo c IEI iaoiaaiaoe/ii iaa?oioiaaiei.
Ia i?aenoaa? iiia?aaeiueiai ee?i?/iiai aeina?aeo canoinoaaiiy EI
?*EA, i?iaaaeaieo ee?i?ei – o?c?ieia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue oa aeaieo
e?oa?aoo?e iaie aoei aea?aii iioeiaeuei? ?aaeei, aeniiceoe?th, OA aeey
aieeao EI ?*EA, ?ic?iaeaii aeeoa?aioe?eiee i?aeo?ae aei e?eoaaiiy IEI ca
aeiiiiiaith oeueiai iaoiaeo.
A iniiao aeai?o OA aeey aieeao ?*EA iaie aoei iieeaaeaii,
ianaiia?aae, i?eioeeie aeoioieoo?iiai e?eoaaiiy IEI, ye? aeeeaaeaii o
iin?aieeao ?c no?aeii? iaaeeoeeie, o ?aeiiaiaeaoe?yo a?o/eciyieo oa
ca?oa?aeieo aeine?aeiee?a (Ia/a?ao ?.E. oa ?i., 1980;
Aio?iiiaa I.?., Eioaiiaa A.I., 1985; ?aai?/aa A.A., 1992; Cheng Xinnong
et al., 1987; Quan S. X. et al., 1985). A?aoiaoth/e oe? i?eioeeie, ie
cae?enithaaee aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiee i?aeo?ae aei eaca?iioieoo?iiai
e?eoaaiiy IEI caeaaeii a?ae oeo /e ?ioeo neiioii?a, ye?
noi?iaiaeaeothoue aeaia caoai?thaaiiy. A?oiooth/enue ia aeaieo
ii?iaeueii? aiaoii?? oa o?c?ieia??, ii??aiyeueii? aiaoii??, ee?i?ee
noiniaii eeoeaaiai ia?aa ? i’yc?a, ye? a?i ?iia?ao?, ie ae?eoee
aeniiaeo, ui aieea ia OA, ae?eyiee iaee//y, aieinenoi? /anoeie aieiae,
aooii? ?aeiaeie, oeeii – eii??oeaai? ciie, aa?oi?o oa ieaei?o e?ioe?aie,
ooeoaa ? ?aeiiaiaeiaai? a e?oa?aoo?? aeey e?eoaaiiy IEI ? iaa?oioiaaiei
c iiceoe?e no/anieo iaoeiaeo ciaiue. Aeoioieoo?i? i?ecia/aiiy i?e IEI
caeaoi? ae?yoe ia iaai? eaiee eiai iaoiaaiaco, oiaoi ? caniaii
iaoiaaiaoe/ii? oa?ai?? oeueiai caoai?thaaiiy.
Iaie a?aei?/aii, ui i?e i?iaaaeaii? aeine?aeaeaiiy iaoiaeii
Iaeaoai? o 20 oai?eo 3 IEI ia? i?noea ??cieoey o ooieoe?iiaeueiiio noai?
ia?eae?ai?a aeoioieoo?e c aieo ia?ae?/a i?i?/ieo i’yc?a (III) oa
“caei?iaiai” aieo, yea caeaaeeoue, aieiaiei /eiii, a?ae oa?i?io
caoai?thaaiiy ia IEI. Aeaia caeiiii??i?noue o ooieoe?iiaeueiiio noai?
ia?eae?ai?a aeoioieoo?e i?aeoaa?aeeeanue o iiaeaeueoiio, i?e aeeiiaii?
aeine?aeaeaiue o oai?eo c IEI iaoiaeaie Iaeaoai? oa Aeaaaia (87 in?a),
ui aeicaieeei ?iciiae?eeoe oai?eo ia a?oie ? aeeoa?aioe?eiaaii i?ae?eoe
aei i?ecia/aiue EI. Oae, oai?eo c oa?i?iii caoai?thaaiiy 5 – 8 aei?a , o
yeeo, ca aeaieie aeine?aeaeaiue iaoiaeaie Iaeaoai? oa Aeaaaia, aeyaeaii
iciaee ”iaaei??iino?” ca ?aooiie “iaaei??iino?” o yi – ia?eae?aiao c
aieo III, iaie a?aeianaii aei I a?oie (16 in?a – 18,4%). O oaeeo oai?eo,
a ia?oo /a?ao, aieeaaee ia OA yi – ia?eae?ai?a. Canoiniaoaaee ?aaeei
aei?ii?ithaaiiy c iiaeoeyoe??th /anoio, aeei?enoiaoth/e /anoioe 70 – 100
Aoe. Eo?n e?eoaaiiy 12 – 13 i?ioeaaeo?. *an ae?? ia OA c aieo III – 1
oa, c? “caei?iaiai” aieo – 1,5 oa. Noia?ia aeniiceoe?y i?ae /an 1 naaino
– 15 – 18 oa. C e?eoaaeueiith iaoith aeei?enoiaoaaee, a iniiaiiio, oae?
OA: TR(X)17, TR(X)5 VB(XI)20, VB(XI)14, E(III)2, E(III)3, E(III)4,
E(III)42, GI(II)4, GI(II)11, GI(II)19, GI(II)20, IG(VI)18, T(XIII)26,
J(XIV)24, PC3, PC6, PC9. I?e iayaiino? o oai?eo aieueiaiai neiae?iio o
ae?eyioe? iioeeeoe? oa nineiiiae?aiiai a?ae?inoea aieeaaee ia OA
VB(XI)20, VB(XI)12, T(XIII)16, V(VII)60, a ae?eyioe? iaee//y – ia OA
VB(XI)2, GI(II)4, E(III)41. O oai?eo c aeaai?noth caoai?thaaiiy 1 – 1,5
i?n, o yeeo aeyaeaii iciaee “iaaei??iino?” ca ?aooiie “iaaei??iino?” yi
– oa ?iue ia?eae?ai?a c aieo III (II a?oia ; 43 iniae – 49,4%), aeey EI
aeei?enoiaoaaee OA ye yi, oae e ?iue ia?eae?ai?a. Eo?n e?eoaaiiy 13 – 14
i?ioeaaeo?. E?eoaaiiy ii/eiaee (ia?o? 4 – 5 i?ioeaaeo?) c ?aaeeio c
iiaeoeyoe?? /anoio, aeei?enoiaoth/e 100 – 150 Aoe. Iio?i ia?aoiaeeee ia
?iioeuenii – aacia?a?aiee ?aaeei aei?ii?ithaaiiy. *an ae?? ia OA c aieo
III – 1,5 oa, c “caei?iaiai” aieo – 2 oa. Noia?ia aeniiceoe?y – 25 – 30
oa. I?ae /an i?ioeaaeo?e aeei?enoiaoaaee 12 –15 OA. C e?eoaaeueiith
iaoith, e??i OA ae?eyiee iaee//y, aeei?enoiaoaaee a iniiaiiio oae? OA :
A(III)36, E(III)40, E(III)44, VB(XI)21, VB(XI)34, VB(XI)43, VB(XI)39,
P(I)7, P(I)8, P(I)9, MC(IX)8, RP(IV)6, F(XII)3; A? 55, 25, 34, 28. I?e
IEI noaeeiii? ao?ieia?? iaaeaaaee ia?aaaao aieeao ia oae? ?aa?iia?i? ?
a?aeaeaeai? OA: VB(XI)20, VB(XI)21, VB(XI)34, E(III)9, E(III)36,
V(VII)40, GI(II)10, GI(II)15, RP(IV)6, C(V)7, MC(IX)6, P(I)9. I?e IEI
i?inooaeii? oa ?ioaeoe?eii – aea?a?/ii? ao?ieia?? iaaeaaaee ia?aaaao
aieeao ia oae? a?aeaeaeai? OA: GI(II)4, GI(II)11, P(I)7, P(I)8,
V(VII)13, V(VII)43, J(XIV)17, J(XIV)18. O oai?eo c oa?i?iii
caoai?thaaiiy 1,5 – 4 i?n (III a?oia; 28 in?a – 32,2%), o yeeo aeyaeaii
iciaee “iaaeinoaoiino?” ca ?aooiie “iaaeinoaoiino?” yi oa ?iue
ia?eae?ai?a c aieo III, aieeaaee ia OA ia?eae?ai?a yi oa ?iue. Eo?n
e?eoaaiiy 14 – 16 i?ioeaaeo?. Aeei?enoiaoaaee ?iioeuenii – aacia?a?aiee
?aaeei aei?ii?ithaaiiy. *an ae?? ia OA c aieo III – 2 – 3 oa, c
i?ioeeaaeiiai aieo – 1,5 – 2 oa. Noia?ia aeniiceoe?y – 35 – 40 oa. O
oai?eo aeaii? a?oie, e??i OA ae?eyiee iaee//y oa ?aa?iia?ieo, oe?iei
aeei?enoiaoaaee aieea ia a?aeaeaeai? OA, ye? ? “oi/eaie ni?a/oooy”:
V(VII)13, V(VII)14, V(VII)18, V(VII)20, V(VII)22, V(23). Oaeiae aieeaaee
ia a?aeaeaeai? oa ?aa?iia?i? OA na?aaeeiieo ia?eae?ai?a: T(XIII)20,
T(XIII)14, T(XIII)4, J(XIV)5, J(XIV)6, J(XIV)7, J(XIV)8, J(XIV)12,
J(XIV)17, J(XIV)18, J(XIV)22. Iaia’yceiai aeeth/aee aei eaca?iioieoo?ieo
?aoeaio?a OA R(VIII)1, R(VIII)3, F(XII)3, V(VII)52, ye? ? aoaeoeaieie
i?e “canoa??eeo” oi?iao IEI. C iaoith eaca?iioieoo?e aeei?enoiaoaaee
oaeiae iioi?io oa noaeeii?ooiao ciie e?ai?iioieoo?e. I?ae /an e?eoaaiiy
ie a?aoiaoaaee aeai? aeine?aeaeaiue iaoiaeaie Iaeaoai? oa Aeaaaia uiaei
ooieoe?iiaeueiiai noaio ie?aieo ia?eae?ai?a, neeaaeaee EI ?aoeaioe
caaaeath/e ia ao?ieia?th IEI, ??aaiue o?aaeaiiy eeoeaaiai ia?aa.
I?iaaaeaii e?eoaaiiy 87 oai?eo c IEI c aeei?enoaiiyi iaoiaeo EI
?*EA. Oa?i?i caoai?thaaiiy ia IEI a?ae iiyae ia?oeo neiioii?a aei
ii/aoeo niinoa?aaeaiiy noaiiaea 5 aei?a – 4 i?nyoe?. Caeaaeii a?ae
oa?i?io caoai?thaaiiy ? a?aoiaoth/e ooieoe?iiaeueiee noai ia?eae?ai?a
aeoioieoo?e, oai?eo ia IEI aoei oiiaii ?iciiae?eaii ia o?e a?oie. Ca
ao?ieia??th IEI oiiaii ?iciiae?eaii ia i?inooaei? – 47 (54%),
?ioaeoe?eii–aea?a?/i? – 11 (12,6%), noaeeii? –14 (16,1%), ?ae?iiaoe/i? –
9 (10,3%), a???ae?oa?ii iaoiiaeai? – 3 (3,4%), ca nooiaiai ?ooiaeo
ii?ooaiue i?i?/ieo i’yc?a: ieaa?y – o 22 (25,2%), aeeaieee ia?ac – o 36
(41,5%), iii??iee ia?ac – o 29 (33,3%). Caeaaeii a?ae ??aiy o?aaeaiiy
eeoeaaiai ia?aa oai?eo ?iciiae?eaii oaeei /eiii: ieae/a aa?aaaiii?
no?oie –28 (32,2%), aeua aa?aaaiii? no?oie – 42 (48,3%), aeua
no?ai?iiiai ia?aa – 12 (13,7%), aeua aaeeeiai iiaa?oiaaiai eai’yienoiai
ia?aa – 2 (2,3%), noiaao? iiceo – 3 (3,5%). Noiooi? caoai?thaaiiy iaee
i?noea o 38 (43,7%) oai?eo.
?en. 1. Ee?i?/ia aoaeoeai?noue aeei?enoaiiy eaca?iioieoo?e.
An?i oai?ei c IEI e?eoaaiiy
iaoiaeii EI ?*EA ii/eiaee c ia?oiai aeiy ia?aaoaaiiy o noaoe?iia?? aai
a?ae aeiy caa?iaiiy aeey aiaoeaoi?ieo oai?eo. E?eoaaiiy i?iaiaeeee o
ia?o?e iieiaei? aeiy, a?aoiaoth/e ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? aaoi??a uiaei
iioeiaeueiiai /ano i?ecia/aiue i?ioeaaeo?
EI (?ithoei A.I., *aeo?ia I.?., 1975). Oai?ei I a?oie c oa?i?iii
caoai?thaaiiy 5 – 8 aei?a iaoiae EI ?*EA canoiniaoaaee o eiiieaen? c
noaeeii?icoe?thaaeueieie, i?ioecaiaeueieie, a?oai?iieie i?aia?aoaie,
ianaaeai OEC, EOE. Oai?ei II oa III a?oi, ye? ?ai?oa io?eiaee eo?n
e?eoaaiiy o?aaeeoe?eieie iaoiaeaie aac nooo?aiai aoaeoo, ?acii c EI ?*EA
i?ecia/aee noaeeii?icoe?thaaeuei?, a?oai?ii? ( iaia’yceiai aaeee? aeice
a?oai?io A) i?aia?aoe, iiio?iie, ianaae OEC, EOE. 80 (92%) oai?ei, e??i
EI ?*EA, aoei i?ecia/aii oaeiae ?io? iaoiaee ?aoeaenioa?ai??, 7 oai?eo
(8%), ca ?o aaaeaiiyi, io?eioaaee eeoa EI ?*EA.
I?ney 2 – 3 naain?a EI ?*EA o oai?eo cia/ii ciaioeeenue aieueia?
yaeua o cii? iioeeeoe?, nineiiiae?aiiai a?ae?inoea oa iaee//y. Aieueiaee
neiae?ii iiai?noth cieeaa i?ney 3 – 4 naain?a. I?ney 2 – 4 naain?a oai??
a?aei?/aee ciaioaiiy yaeu noyaiaiiy iaee//y o i?ioeeaaeiee a?ae III a?e,
iacia/ia iie?ioaiiy ?ooiai? aeoeaiino? i?i?/ieo i’yc?a. I?e iii??iiio
ia?ac? i?i?/ieo i’yc?a i?ney 2 – 4 naain?a ciaiooaaeenue yaeua
eaaiooaeueio. I?ney 5 – 7 naain?a a?aei?/aii cieeiaiiy eaaiooaeueio,
u?eueia cieeaiiy iia?e, ca?eueoaiiy ia’?io ?oo?a i?e aeue?thaaii? coa?a,
iaaeoaaii? u?e. I?ney 10 –12 naain?a oai?? iiaee naeno?oe, a?aei?/aeanue
iacia/ia aneiao??y iaee//y. I?e ieaa?? oa aeeaieiio ia?ac? i?i?/ieo
i’yc?a i?ney 6 – 8 naain?a EI ?*EA o oai?eo a?aei?/aeinue ciaioaiiy yaeu
eaaiooaeueio, ca?eueoaiiy ia’?io ?oo?a i?e aeue?thaaii? coa?a,
iaii?uoaaii? iina. I?ney 9 – 11 naain?a niinoa??aaeinue iiaia cieeiaiiy
eaaiooaeueio, u?eueia cieeaiiy iia?e, ca?eueoaiiy ia’?io ?oo?a i?e
iaaeoaaii? u?e, iaii?uoaaii? eiaa, caaaeaii? a??a. ssaeua a?ia?aeoc??,
nooino? iea oa ?ioa, niaeia? ii?ooaiiy cieeaee i?ney 5 – 7 naain?a EI
?*EA.
I?ney eo?no e?eoaaiiy c aeei?enoaiiyi EI ?*EA iiceoeaio
aeeiai?eo aoei a?aei?/aii o an?o 87 oai?eo c IEI. Oae, o I a?oi? (16
in?a) “aeaeoaeaiiy” niinoa??aaeinue o 7 (43,8%) oai?eo, “cia/ia
iie?auaiiy” – o 5 (33,3%), “iie?auaiiy” – o 3 (18,8%) oa “iacia/ia
iie?auaiiy” – o 1 (5,1%). O II a?oi? (43 iniae) “aeaeoaeaiiy” a?aei?/aii
o 8 (18,6%) oai?eo, “cia/ia iie?auaiiy” – o 23 (53,5%), “iie?auaiiy” – o
11 (25,5%) oa “iacia/ia iie?auaiiy” – o 1 (2,3%). O III a?oi? (28 in?a)
“aeaeoaeaiiy” a?aei?/aeinue o 3 (10,7%) oai?eo, “cia/ia iie?auaiiy” –
o 13 (46,4%), “iie?auaiiy” – o 10 (35,7%) oa “iacia/ia iie?auaiiy” – o 2
(7,1%). Aeaui a??o? ?acoeueoaoe e?eoaaiiy o III a?oi? oai?eo c IEI
iaoiiaeai? aeiaoei oa?i?iii caoai?thaaiiy, neeaaeiei eiai ia?aa?aii,
a?aeiinii noa?oei a?eii oai?eo.
Aiae?c ee?i?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? e?eoaaiiy oai?eo c IEI iaoiaeii EI
?*EA caeaaeii a?ae ao?ieia?? caoai?thaaiiy iieacaa, ui e?au? ?acoeueoaoe
e?eoaaiiy niinoa??aathoueny a?aeiia?aeii i?e a???ae?oa?ii iaoiiaeaieo,
?aeeiiaoe/ieo, ?ioaeoe?eii – aea?a?/ieo, “i?inooaeieo” IEI, a??o? – i?e
IEI noaeeiii? ao?ieia??, a?aoii?aeeoao iinoi-iici/eiaiai eooa c
ia?aaaaeiei o?aaeaiiyi eeoeaaiai ia?aa.
An?i oai?ei, o yeeo i?ney e?eoaaiiy niinoa??aaeinue “iacia/ia
iie?auaiiy” oa “iie?auaiiy”, aoei ?aeiiaiaeiaaii iiaoi?iee eo?n
e?eoaaiiy c aeei?enoaiiyi EI ?*EA. Eiai canoiniaaii o 17 oai?eo c IEI,
i?ney /iai oaeiae a?aei?/aii iiceoeaio ee?i?/io aeeiai?eo.
Aeey aecia/aiiy oa?aiaaoe/ii? aoaeoeaiino? EI ?*EA o eiiieaeniiio
e?eoaaii? oai?eo c IEI i?iaaaeaii ii??aiyeueio ioe?ieo ?acoeueoao?a
e?eoaaiiy 87 oai?eo oa aeaio eiio?ieueieo a?oi: 34 oai?eo c IEI, ye?
e?eoaaeenue o noaoe?iia?? o?aaeeoe?eieie iaoiaeaie, oa 22 oai?eo c IEI,
o yeeo canoiniaaii ??ci? iaoiaee ?aoeaenioa?ai?? aac EI ?*EA.
Oa?aiaaoe/ia aoaeoeai?noue i?e aeei?enoaii? EI ?*EA o eiiieaen?
e?eoaaeueieo caoiae?a o oai?eo ia IEI aoea aeuith ii??aiyii c a?oiaie
eiio?ieth. Oae, iiceoeai? ?acoeueoaoe e?eoaaiiy ca ?aooiie
“aeaeoaeaiiy”, “cia/iiai iie?auaiiy” oa “iie?auaiiy” i?e aeei?enoaii?
EI ?*EA a?aei?/aii o 95,4% oai?eo c IEI, oiae? ye i?e canoinoaaii?
o?aaeeoe?eieo iaoiae?a – o 76,5% oai?eo (? 0,05), ui na?ae/eei i?i a?aeiiaeaiiy ooieoe?e eeoeaaiai
ia?aa oa i’yc?a, ye? a?i ?iia?ao?.
Noai iiceiai? aaiiaeeiai?ee aeine?aeaeoaaee iaoiaeii ?AA o 53
oai?eo c IEI o aeeiai?oe?. Eiio?ieueio a?oio noaiiaeee 19 i?aeoe/ii
caei?iaeo in?a, ?aeaioe/ieo oai?ei ca a?eii oa noaooth, aeei?enoai?
aeai? e?oa?aoo?e ca a?aeiia?aeieie a?eiaei a?oiaie (Nieieiaa ?.A.,
ss?oee?i O.O., 1982; ss?oee?i O.O., 1983).
I?e aeine?aeaeaii? iaoiaeii ?AA a?oie eiio?ieth ia aeyaeeaii
aeinoia??ii? eaoa?ae?ciaaii? ??cieoe? a iniiaieo iieacieeao ?AA. I?e
?AA aeine?aeaeaii? o oai?eo c IEI, i?iaaaeaiiai aei ii/aoeo e?eoaaiiy,
niinoa??aaeenue oae? oi?ie ?aia?ai: ii?iaeueiee oei (O – I – 27, I – I
– 32), a?iioii?/iee oei (O – I – 17, I – I – 14), a?ia?oii?/iee oei (O –
I – 9 , I – I – 7). A?iioii?/iee oei ?AA oa?aeoa?iee aeey oai?eo c
o?eaaeei oa?i?iii caoai?thaaiiy, i?e oeueiio a?iioiion noaeei i?iyaeyany
ia?aaaaeii c aieo o?aaeaiiy eeoeaaiai ia?aa i?e ii?iioii?? ?c
“caei?iaiai” aieo. ?AA – e?ea? c a?ia?oiionii noaeei c aieo o?aaeaiiy
eeoeaaiai ia?aa i?e ii?iaeueiiio oiion? ia “caei?iaiio” aioe? aoee
oa?aeoa?i? aeey oai?eo c IEI o aino??e noaae??, a aeainoi?iii?
i?aeaeuaiiy noaeeiiiai oiiono a?aei?/aii i?e noiooi?e noaeeii?e
iaoieia??. Na?aaeiueinoaoenoe/i? iieacieee ?AA aei e?eoaaiiy noaiiaeee:
O – I (?? = 0,131 0,007 Ii; a/O = 16,41 0,72%; AeE? = 55,24 3,31%; AeN?
= 65,73 3,38%; EA = 28,13 4,11%), I – I (?? = 0,080 0,017 Ii; a/O =
16,65 0,74%; AeE? = 54,35 3,21%; AeN? = 65,16 2,49%; EA = 31,24%).
I?e aiae?c? iniiaieo iieaciee?a ?AA O – I oa I – I a?aeaaaeaiue oai?eo c
IEI aei e?eoaaiiy ia aeyaeaii aeinoia??ii? ??cieoe? ia aioe? III ?
“caei?iaiio” aioe? (?? – P > 0,05; a/T – P > 0,05; AeE? – P > 0,05; AeN?
– P > 0,05; EA – P > 0,05) , aea ii??aiyii c a?oiith eiio?ieth
a?aei?/aia aeinoia??ia ??cieoey ca oaeeie iieacieeaie, ye ?aia?ao?/iee
?iaeaen (?? – P 0,05; AeE? – P > 0,05; AeN? – P > 0,05). I?e aea/aii? ?aia?ai
oai?eo c IEI i?ney eo?no e?eoaaiiy c aeei?enoaiiyi EI ?*EA a?coaeueiee
aiae?c ?AA iaio aanaei?a iieacaa iayai?noue /?oei? oaiaeaioe?? aei
ii?iae?caoe?? ioeueniaiai e?iaiiaiiaiaiiy, noaeeiiiai oiiono, aei
cia/iiai ciaioaiiy i?aei?aeoeueiaeo aneiao??e. Na?aaeiueinoaoenoe/i?
iieacieee ?AA i?ney eo?no e?eoaaiiy noaiiaeee: O – I (?? = 0,141 0,011
Ii; a/O = 15,62 0,54%; AeE? = 53,48 2,41%; AeN? = 63,48 3,19%; EA =
19,44 2,31%), I – I (?? = 0,085 0,006 Ii; a/O = 15,97 0,78%; AeE? =
53,07 2,95%; AeN? = 64,23 1,87%; EA = 19,07 3,58%). I?e aiae?c?
iniiaieo iieaciee?a ?AA O – I oa I – I a?aeaaaeaiue oai?eo ia IEI i?ney
eo?no e?eoaaiiy ii??aiyii c a?oiith eiio?ieth cieeee aeinoia??i?
a?aei?iiino? i?ae iieacieeaie ?? (? > 0,05) oa EA (? > 0,05) ui
na?ae/eoue i?i a?aeiiaeaiiy iiceiaiai e?iaiiaiiaiaiiy, ciaioaiiy
i?aei?aeoeueiai? aneiao???. I?e i?iaaaeaii? ii??aiyeueiiai aiae?co
iieaciee?a ?AA oai?eo c IEI aei e?eoaaiiy oa i?ney eo?no e?eoaaiiy
oaeiae aeyaeaii aeinoia??io ??cieoeth ca oaeeie iieacieeaie ?AA, ye ??
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