?AAII-O?AIE?ANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE OAOI?*IEE
OI?AA?NEOAO IAOOE ? AACO
I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie
IIAEUe*AIEI AAEA??E A?EAI?IAE*
OAeE 553.98.061.4:552.3
AEAe?EAIIss ?AA?IIAEUeII? IIE?EOEE A EA?AIIAOIEO A?AeEEAAeAO AA?OIUeI?
E?AEAeE I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei? iaooiaaciiinii? i?ia?ioe?? CA
IEANOIAEIE OENEAIE
Niaoe?aeuei?noue 04.00.17. – Aaieia?y iaooe ? aaco
A A O I ? A O A ? A O
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa aaieia?/ieo iaoe
?aaii-O?aie?anuee – 1998
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia a ?aaii-O?aie?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oaoi?/iiio
oi?aa?neoao? iaooe ? aaco I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee:
aeieoi? aaieiai-i?ia?aeia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, I?eia
Ieaenaiae? Ieaenaiae?iae/, ?aaii-O?aie?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee
oi?aa?neoao iaooe ? aaco I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i?ioani? eaoaae?e
aaieia?? oa ?ica?aeee iaooiaeo ? aaciaeo ?iaeiaeu
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:
– aeieoi? aaieia?/ieo iaoe, noa?oee iaoeiaee
ni?a?ia?oiee, IAAETHE IE?INEAA ?AAIIAE*, ?inoeooo aaieia?? ? aaio?i??
ai?th/eo eiiaeei IAI Oe?a?ie, canooiiee aee?aeoi?a c iaoeiai? ?iaioe
– eaiaeeaeao aaieiai-i?ia?aeia?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio,
NAEUeNUeEEE AIEIAeEIE? EINOssIOEIIAE*, I?eea?iaonueeee oi?aa?neoao ?i.
A. Noaoaieea, aeaeai i?e?iaeie/iai oaeoeueoaoo
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa:
Oe?a?inueeee aea?aeaaiee aaieiai?ica?aeoaaeueiee ?inoeooo,
Aea?aeeiiaaieia?? Oe?a?ie, i. Euea?a
Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny “_25″_a?oaeiy__ 1998 ?. i 14_
aiaeei? ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E 20.052.01 ii
caoenoo aeena?oaoe?e ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa
aaieia?/ieo iaoe ca niaoe?aeueiinoyie 04.00.01 (caaaeueia oa
?aa?iiaeueia aaieia?y), 04.00.17 (aaieia?y iaooe ? aaco) oa 04.00.22
(aaio?ceea) i?e ?aaii-O?aie?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oaoi?/iiio
oi?aa?neoao? iaooe ? aaco I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie (284019, i.
?aaii-O?aie?anuee, aoe. Ea?iaonueea, 15).
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o a?ae?ioaoe?
?aaii-O?aie?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo iaooe ? aaco
I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie (284019, i. ?aaii-O?aie?anuee, aoe.
Ea?iaonueea, 15).
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “24”_eenoiiaaea_ 1998 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee,
eaiaeeaeao aaieiai-i?ia?aeia?/ieo iaoe A.I.AEo/aiei
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. A?aeiii, ui iaeaea 40% ?iaeiaeu iaooe ? aaco a
na?o? ciaoiaeeoueny a ea?aiiaoieo a?aeeeaaeao. Aea aeyaeoe iaooia? ?
aacia? iieeaaee oai cia/ii aaae/a, i?ae a oa?eaaiieo oiio, ui a ieo, ye
i?aaeei, ia ?nio? /?oei? a?aieoe? i?ae eieaeoi?aie ? oeth?aeioii?aie.
Oea iia’ycaii c oei, ui eieaeoi?nuee? aeanoeaino? ea?aiiaoieo ii??ae
ia??aeei coiiaeai? o??ueioaao?noth, a aeey aeyaeaiiy o??ueiieo
eieaeoi??a iaiao?aei? oe?eani?yiiaai? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaeiae, ia
nueiaiaei? i?aeoeeith anoaiiaeaii, ui a oiauao oa?eaaiieo ? ea?aiiaoieo
ii??ae aeae?eythoueny, ye i?iieei?, oae ? i?aeoe/ii ia i?iieei? ieanoe,
ye? a aaaaoueio aeiaaeeao ? iaae?eieie iie?eoeaie aeey iieeaae?a iaooe ?
aaco. Oiio iiooee iieeaae?a aoaeaaiaei?a a ea?aiiaoieo oiauao ne?ae
i?iaiaeeoe c? niaoe?aeueii ni?yiiaaieie aeine?aeaeaiiyie, ye?
aeicaieythoue aeae?eyoe iai?iieei? ea?aiiaoi? ai?eciioe, oiaoi iie?eoee.
Ia?niaeoeai?noue a iaooiaaciiiniiio a?aeiioaii? ea?aiiaoieo a?aeeeaae?a
aa?oiuei? e?aeaee I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei? iaooiaaciiinii? i?ia?ioe??
ia aeeeeea? noii?ao. I?i oea na?ae/eoue aiaee?eooy iieeaaeia iaooe ia
Ieoya?nueeiio i Na?aa?yinueeiio ?iaeiaeuao, iieeaaeia aaco ia
?iaeiieianuee?e, Iiaeaiaeiainuee?e, Ea?eaanueeie, Aaeaeuenueeie,
Aeiaianueeie, Iioea?ueianueeie, Oiioai?anueeie oa iioeo ieiuao. Iaeiae,
iaaeinoaoiuei iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaiee i?iaiic iayaiino? a oeeo a?aeeeaaeao
iai?iieeieo ea?aiiaoieo ai?eciio?a, i?e yeiio ia aoei a?aoiaaii an???
nenoaie e?eoa?ieieo ia?aiao??a, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoue iaooiaaciooai?aiiy i
iaooiaaciiaeiie/aiiy, coiiaea neaaeo aoaeoeai?noue aeeiiaiiai ooo
cia/iiai ianyao iiooeiai-?icaiaeoaaeueieo ?ia?o ia iaooo ? aac. Aei
oaia? a aeine?aeaeoaaiiio ?aa?ii? ao??iiyi a ea?aiiaoieo a?aeeeaaeao
aeyaeaii iie?eoee eieaeueiiai ?iciianthaeaeaiiy ? iiooee iieeaae?a iaooe
oa aaco a oeeo a?aeeeaaeao a ?aa?iiaeueiiio ieai? ia ?icaeyaeaeenue, ui
a naith /a?ao aieeioei ia ieaioaaiiy ooo iiooeiai-?icaiaeoaaeueieo
?ia?o.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie.
Ia?aiee iai?yi aeine?aeaeaiue iia’ycaiee c o?eaaeeie iaoeiaeie
aeine?aeaeaiiyie ?AAAE IAI Oe?a?ie, Oe?AeA?? oa IAe?IAO
?aaii-O?aie?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo iaooe ? aaco c
aecia/aiiy ia?niaeoea iaooiaaciiiniino?, aea/aiiy i?e?iaee ?
i?iaiicoaaiiy aiiiaeueieo ieanoiaeo oene?a a inaaeiaeo a?aeeeaaeao
aeine?aeaeoaaiiai ?aa?iio.
Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiue. Iaoith ?iaioe ? iaoeiaa iaa?oiooaaiiy
iayaiino? ?aa?iiaeueii ?iciianthaeaeaii? ae?aioth/i? oiau? o aiaeeeaaeao
aa?oiuei? e?aeaee I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei? iaooiaaciiinii? i?ia?ioe??
oa iiaeeea?noue aeae?eaiiy ?? ca ieanoiaeie oeneaie a ea?aiiaoieo
a?aeeeaaeao. Aeey aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe ae??ooaaeenue ianooii?
iniiai? caaaeaiiy:
– aea/aiiy naaeeiaioaoe?eieo oiia oi?ioaaiiy a?aeeeaae?a ae?aioth/i?
oiau? a ea?aiiaoiiio ?ic??c? aa?oiuei? e?aeaee
I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei? iaooiaaciiinii? i?iaiioei?;
– aea/aiiy aiae?iaacioiii/ieo aeanoeainoae ieanoiaeo aiae a inaaeiaeo
a?aeeeaaeao I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei? iaooiaaciiinii? i?iaiioei?;
– aea/aiiy ae?aioth/eo aeanoeainoae ii??ae oeyoii i?iaaaeaiiy
eaai?aoi?ieo aeine?aeaeaiue;
– aeyaeaiiy a ?ioa?aae? ae?aioth/i? oiau? caeaaeiino? ci?ie aaio?ce/ieo
ia?aiao??a a?ae aaee/eie ii?enoino? oa aonoeie ii??ae;
– ?ic?iaea iaoiaeeee aeaeieaiiy iie?eoie a ea?aiiaoieo aiaeeeaaeao ca
ieanoiaeie oeneaie;
– iiaeaethaaiiy i?ioeano i?i?eao ea?aiiaoii? iie?eoee aoaeaaiaeiyie oa
aecia/aiiy /ano ?oeioaaiiy iieeaae?a iaooe ? aaco ia iniia?
aeai?eoi?caoe?? ia/eneaiue ?c canoinoaaiiyi IAII.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui aeae?eaia ?aa?iiaeueia iie?eoea o a?aeeeaaeao aa?oiuei?
e?aeaee I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei? iaooiaaciiinii? i?ia?ioe?? ?icae?ey?
aea? a?ae?iaeeiai?/i? ciie c aiiiaeueieie ieanoiaeie oeneaie o
a?aeeeaaeao iaeeiio oa e?aeaee.
Aia?oa ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea aeae?eaiiy iie?eoie a ea?aiiaoieo
aiaeeeaaeao ca ?acoeueoaoaie ioe?iee aiiiaeueieo ieanoiaeo oene?a
aaio?ce/ieie iaoiaeaie aeine?aeaeaiue a naa?aeeiaeiao.
Aia?oa iiaoaeiaaia no?oeoo?ia ea?oa iie??ae? ae?aioth/i? oiau?
a?aeeeaae?a aa?oiuei? e?aeaee I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei?
iaooiaaciiinii? i?ia?ioe?? oa ea?oa ?? oiauei.
?ic?iaeaii aeai?eoi, ca aeiiiiiaith yeiai iiaeia ioe?ieoe i?i?iaeueii
iiaeeeao oiaueio iie?eoee, i?e ye?e iiaeooue ooai?thaaoenue oa
caa??aaoenue iieeaaee iaooe ? aaco.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. ?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaieo
aeine?aeaeaiue ni?eythoue iiaiio i?aeoiaeo aei i?iaiicoaaiiy iieeaae?a
aoaeaaiaei?a a ea?aiiaoieo a?aeeeaaeao aa?oiuei? e?aeaee
I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei? iaooiaaciiinii? i?ia?ioe?? oa iaoeiaiio
iaa?oiooaaiith ooo iiaeo iai?yie?a iiooeiai-?ica?aeoaaeueieo ?ia?o ia
iaooo ? aac. ?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue aeicaieeee:
– anoaiiaeoe naaeeiaioaoe?ei? oiiae oi?ioaaiiy a?aeeeaae?a ae?aioth/i?
oiau? a ea?aiiaoiiio ?ic??c? aa?oiuei? e?aeaee
I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei? iaooiaaciiinii? i?ia?ioe??;
– aeyaeoe a ?ioa?aae? aeae?eaii? ae?aioth/i? oiaui ci?io aaio?ce/ieo
ia?aiao??a, a caeaaeiino? a?ae aaee/eie ii?enoino? oa aonoeie ii??ae;
– ?ic?iaeoe iaoiaeeeo aeae?eaiiy iie?eoie a ea?aiiaoieo a?aeeeaaeao ca
ieanoiaeie oeneaie;
– iiaoaeoaaoe ea?oe iie??ae? oa oiauei iie?eoee o a?aeeeaaeao aa?oiuei?
e?aeaee;
– a?aeianoe aeae?eaio ae?aioth/o oiauo aei iie?eoie na?aaeiuei? oa
aeniei? ae?aioth/i? caeaoiino? ca?aeii eeaneo?eaoe?? I.I. Oai?ia;
– i?aeaeueoe ye?noue ?ice?eooy i?iaeoeoeaieo ai?eciio?a;
– iiaeaethaaoe oiiae ooai?aiiy oa caa?aaeaiiy iieeaae?a iaooe ? aaco.
?ic?iaeaia aaoi?ii iaoiaeeea aeae?eaiiy iie?eoie o ea?aiiaoieo
a?aeeeaaeao ca ieanoiaeie oeneaie iiaea aooe aeei?enoaia ? a ?ioeo,
iiae?aieo ca aaieia?/iith aoaeiaith, ?aa?iiao. Ia iniia? aeeiiaieo
aeine?aeaeaiue aaoi?ii neeaaeaia ea?oa ia?niaeoeaieo ia iaooo ? aac
oa?eoi??e a iaaeao aeine?aeaeoaaiiai ?aa?iio.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. A iniia? aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe eaaeaoue
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue, ye? aoee i?iaaaeaii? aaoi?ii i?e aeeiiai?
aeiaia??ieo ?ia?o a I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einuee?e iaooiaaciiini?e
i?ia?ioe?? i?ioyaii 1985-1996 ?ie?a. Oaeiae aeei?enoai? aeani?
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ye? aoee ni?yiiaai? ia aea/aiiy ii??ae-iie?eoie a
aeine?aeaeoaaiiio ?aa?ii? oa ?ioeo iaooiaaciiinieo iaeanoyo. ?acoeueoaoe
i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue aena?oeai? a o?ueio iaoeiai-aeine?aeieo
ca?oao oa 12 iioae?eiaaieo i?aoeyo.
Aeo?aeieie iaoa??aeaie aeey aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe iineoaeeee:
– oiiaeia? oa iioae?eiaai? aaieiai-aaio?ce/i? iaoa??aee c aaieia?/ii?
aoaeiae I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei? iaooiaaciiinii? i?ia?ioe??;
– aeai? ao??iiy naa?aeeiaei;
– aeai? i?iaiicoaaiiy aiiiaeueieo ieanoiaeo oene?a ia iniia? aaio?ce/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue a naa?aeeiaeiao;
– ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy ac??oe?a ea?io c iaoith aecia/aiiy ?o
ae?aioth/eo aeanoeainoae.
Eaai?aoi?i? aeine?aeaeaiiy ac??oe?a ea?io a?aeeeaae?a aa?oiuei? e?aeaee
I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei? iaooiaaciiinii? i?ia?ioe?? i?iaiaeeeenue
aeena?oaioii ia onoaiiaoe? OI-3000. Aeeiiaii a?eueoa i?ae 700 aiae?c?a.
Aaoi?ii aea/aii ? ocaaaeueiaii ?acoeueoaoe aeacaieo eaai?aoi?ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue oa ii?aoeueiaaii iaoa??aee eiiieaeno
i?iieneiai-aaio?ce/ieo ?ia?o (eaaa?iiiao???, II, AE, IAE, AE,
oa?iiiao???) a?eueoa i?ae a noa naa?aeeiaeiao E?einueeiai i?aino?iaa oa
oaeueoo *i?iiai ii?y.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?eii?
?iaioe aeiiia?aeaeenue ia V Ananithciiio nai?ia?? “Iaooaaaciia?aciaaiea
ia aieueouo aeoaeiao” (?aaii-O?aie?anuee, 1986), ia e?aeia?e
iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? iieiaeeo a/aieo oa niaoe?ae?no?a
(Noaa?iiieue, 1988), ia ??-e Ananithci?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe??
“Ane?uoea iaooaaaciauo ieanoia e inaiaiea neaaaeei” (?aaii-O?aie?anuee,
1988), ia VI Ananithci?e ia?aae? “Iiauoaiea aeinoiaa?iinoe ii?aaeaeaiey
ia?aiao?ia neiaeiuo eieeaeoi?ia e oetheaeioii?ia” (Euea?a, 1988), ia
iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? iieiaeeo a/aieo ? niaoe?ae?no?a (Iieoaaa,
1988), ia eiioa?aioe?? iaeaniiai i?aae?iiy IOO ?AI ?i. ?.I.Aoae?ia
(Ano?aoaiue, 1989), ia iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe??
i?ioani?nueei-aeeeaaeaoeueeiai neeaaeo oi?aa?neoaoo (?aaii-O?aie?anuee,
?OAeOOIA, 1994, 1997, 1998), ia IO? ia’?aeiaiiy “E?eiaaieia?y”
(N?ioa?iiieue, 1986 – 1997), ia 5-e I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe??
“Iaooa-Aac Oe?a?ie-98”(Iieoaaa, 1998).
Aeena?oaio ? iaeiei ?c aaoi??a iaoiaeee i?iaiicoaaiiy aiiiaeueii aenieeo
oa aiiiaeueii iecueeeo ieanoiaeo oene?a a ea?aiiaoi?e oiau? i?aaeiy
Oe?a?ie ca aeaieie aaieiai-aaio?ce/ieo iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiue
naa?aeeiaei, ye? ai?iaaaeaeai? o ae?iaieoeoai. E??i oiai, iei ?ic?iaeaia
iaoiaeeea aeae?eaiiy iie?eoie a ea?aiiaoieo a?aeeeaaeao ca ieanoiaeie
oeneaie, yea i?ieoea ai?iaaoe?th i?e ao??ii? naa?aeeiaei o a?aeeeaaeao
aa?oiuei? e?aeaee aeine?aeaeoaaiiai ?aa?iio.
Ioae?eaoe??. Ca oaiith aeena?oaoe?? aaoi?ii iioae?eiaaii 12 i?aoeue, ?c
ieo 9 noaoae (a oiio /ene? 3-e naiino?ei?), 7 noaoae a aeo?iaeao
?aeiiaiaeiaaieo AAE Oe?a?ie ? 3 oac aeiiia?aeae iaoeiai-oaoi?/ieo
eiioa?aioe?e (c ieo 1-i? naiino?ei?).
Ianya ? no?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, 6
?icae?e?a oa aeniiae?a ? i?noeoue 116 noi??iie iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, 29
?enoie?a, 4 oaaeeoe?, 2 aeiaeaoee. Nienie aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae neeaaea?
112 iaeiaioaaiue.
Aaoi? ae?aaea? iiaeyeo iaoeiaiio ea??aieeia? aeieoi?o
aaieiai-i?ia?aeia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?o I.I.I?eiao, aeieoi?o
aaieiai-i?ia?aeia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?o A.E. Ia?anueeiio, aeieoi?o
aaieiai-i?ia?aeia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?o I.I. Aoiueoe?, eaiaeeaeaoai
aaieiai-i?ia?aeia?/ieo iaoe I.A. Eyoo, I.?. *i?iiio, E.N. Iii/aeo,
Ae.Ae.Oaaei?eoeio, A.I. AEo/aiei ca oe?ii? ii?aaee oa aeiiiiiao o
i?iaaaeaii? aeine?aeaeaiue, a oaeiae ni?a?ia?oieeai ia’?aeiaiue
“E?eiaaieia?y”, “*i?iiii?iaooiaac” oa ?aiaoi??enueei? ? Oaiaein?enueei?
IA?A AA ca iaoa??aee, ye? aoee iaaeai? aeena?oaioo oa ca ni?eyiiy o
ai?iaaaeaeaii? ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue o ae?iaieoeoai.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
A ia?oiio ?icae?e? ei?ioei aena?oeth?oueny ?noi??y aea/aiiy i?iaeaie
aeine?aeaeaiiy ae?aioth/eo aeanoeainoae ii??ae-iie?eoie. A?aecia/aii, ui
oey i?iaeaia aaaaoia?aiia ? aeeth/a? a naaa aea/aiiy i?ia?aeia?/iiai oa
o?i?/iiai neeaaeo, iao?ioice/ieo iniaeeainoae, aeaoi?iaoeieii-iioei?nieo
aeanoeainoae oa oiceei-oiii/ieo i?ioean?a, ui a?aeaoaathoueny o
iane/ai?e oeth?aeii ii?iae?. An? oe? i?ioeane ia`?aeio? iaeia caaaeueia
iaoa – iiooee iaae?eieo e?eoa???a ioe?iee ae?aioth/eo aeanoeainoae
ii?iae-iie?eoie.
Uiaei i?yieo iaoiae?a aea/aiiy ae?aioth/eo aeanoeainoae ii??ae-iie?eoie,
oi iaei? aeine?aeieee ioe?ithaaee ?o ye?noue ca oaeeie o?ce/ieie
ia?aiao?aie, ye oene i?i?eao oa i?iieei?noue (Oai?i I.I., Aaaeo?aoiaiia
E.A. oa ?io?), a ?io? – aeoiaey/e c oiceei-iaoaii/ieo aeanoeainoae
a??nueeeo ii??ae i ?o ca`yceo c ae?aioth/eie aeanoeainoyie iie?eoie
(Iaaeiaa I.I., Aeia?ei?i A.I., Smith D.A., Ooaoeinueeee ?.I. oa iio?).
E?euee?nii cia/aiiy i?iieeiino? ii?iae-iie?eoie i eieaeoi??a
ae?aaeathoue eiao?oe??ioii i?iieeiino? (Ei?), yeee aecia/a?oueny c
??aiyiiy Aea?ni.
?aaiia A.A. (1982 ?.) aeey oiai, uia ?ic??ciyoe i?iieei?noue eieaeoi?ia
? iie?eoie, cai?iiiioaaa aeei?enoiaoaaoe cai?noue Ei? iie?eoie, aaee/eio
iaa?iaio – eiao?oe??io ae?aioaaiiy (1/Ei?). E.I. Ia?ii?ooaei (1985
?.) ioe?ithaaa ae?aioth/o caeaoi?noue iie?eoie o aeaa aoaie: i?e
a?aenooiino? o?eueo?aoe?? aoaeaaiaeiia (noaoe/i? oiiae) oa i?e
o?eueo?aoe?? – aeeiai?/i? oiiae. Aiae?coth/e ioe?ii/io oeaeo I.I.
Oaiiia, E.I. Ia?ii?ooaei a?aecia/ea, ui iaa?oue iecuee? ca ye?noth
oeth?aeioii?e (a?oie A) iiaeooue aooe iaae?eieie iie?eoeaie a oiiaao
ii?iaeueieo ieanoiaeo oene?a. Oaeei /eiii, ia aeoieo E.I. Ia?ii?ooaeia
a?oie oeth?aeioii?ia, ye? ?ai?oa aaaaeaeenue iaiaae?eieie iie?eoeaie
a?aeianai? aei iaae?eieo ca oiiae iayaiino? a ieo ii?iaeueieo ieanoiaeo
oene?a. A aeeiai?/ieo oiiaao aecia/aeueieie e?eoa??yie ae?aioth/i?
caeaoiino? ii??ae-iie?eoie ? /an ?oeioaaiiy iieeaaeo, yeee caeaaeeoue
a?ae i?iieeiino?, ii?enoino? ? oiaueie iie?eoee.
A ae?oaiio ?icae?e? iaaaaeai? iniaeeaino? aaieia?/ii? aoaeiae oa
iaooiaaciiiniino? inaaeiaeo a?aeeeaae?a I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei?
iaooiaaciiinii? i?ia?ioe??. Inaaeiaee ?ic??c E?einueeiai i?aino?iaa
neeaaeaiee i?aeiaienueeeie, neeo??enueeeie, aeaaiinueeeie,
eai’yiiaoa?eueieie oa ia?inueeeie aiaeeeaaeaie, a a iaaeao oaeueoo –
neeo??enueeeie oa aeaaiinueeeie (i. Cii?iee). No?aoea?aoi/iee iien
iaeaicienueeeo aiaeeeaaeia aeine?aeaeoaaiiai ?aa?iio a?aeia?aaeaii a
iaoeiaeo i?aoeyo I.Ae. Oeaaaeueithea, I.A. Aaeiaaiei, I.I. Noeiiiaa,
E.ss. Ao?aae/a, I.I. Io?iioeaaa, I.I. Aa?/aiei, I.?. Eioey?a i ?ioeo.
Iien no?aoea?ao?? i eioieiai? iacicienueeeo aiaeeeaaeia iioae?eiaaii a
i?aoeyo O.A. Anoaoiai?, I.ss. Aiinoieiai?, A.I. Ai?iie, A.A. Aeooea, I.
O. Aiaaeoey, N. I. Iaeniiiaa, I. A. Aioeoiiaa, O.I. Ai?aa/eea, A.A.
Ia?eoaaa, I.?. Iaaethea, E.A. Ieaoioiiai, I.Ae. Naia?nueeiai, A.I.
Iieoooiae/a, I.I. Ica?iiai, A.E. Aeaiaae, ?.A. Iaeiinueeiai oa ?ioeo.
Eaeiicienuee? a?aeeeaaee, ye? ia ocaa?aaeae? iiaii/ii-caoiaeii? /anoeie
*i?iiai ii?y aeoiaeyoue ia aeaiio iiaa?oith i ?ice?eo? aaaaoueia
naa?aeeiaeiaie a ?ioeo /anoeiao oa?eoi??? aeine?aeaeaiue oa aeaoaeueii
aea/athoueny aaea ae?oaa noi??//y, iienai? a iaoeiaeo i?aoeyo E.I.
Ai?aa/a, A.I. Caeiinueei?, A.O. Ca?iaoeueeiai, ?.ss. E?aeiai?, ?.O.
Oitheiaa, O.A. Ua?aaeiaa, I.A. Io?aoiaa, E.O. Aeaaioaoaiei, I.A.
Aaa?ciia oa ?ioeo. Aaeeea cia/aiiy o aea/aii? oaeueoo *i?iiai ii?y
a?ae?a?aee aeine?aeaeaiiy I.Ae. A?oaiaaeuenueeiai oa I.I. No?aoiaa.
Aiaeeeaaee aa?oiuei? e?aeaee oe?iei ?icaeiooi a iaaeao aeineiaeaeoaaii?
i?iaiioei?. Aiie neeaaeaii oiauath ia?aaaaeii ea?aiiaoieo oa
aeeienoi-ea?aiiaoieo ii?iae, ye? i?aaenoaaeai? iiiioiiiith oiauath ni?eo
ia?aaeia i iinoeyie aeoaea iioeieo aaiiyeia. Aiaeeeaaee aa?oiuei?
e?aeaee I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei? iaooiaaciiinii? i?ia?ioe?? ?
ia`?eoii iaoeo aeineiaeaeaiue, oiio no?aoea?aoiy ?o ?icaeyiooa a
aeena?oaoe?? aieueo aeaoaeueii.
Caaaeyee aeine?aeaeaiiyi I.Ae. A?oaiaaeuenueeiai, I.Ae. Ea?iiinueeiai,
I.N. Oaonueeiai, I.A. Io?aoiaa, I.?. Aiae?oniaa, A.A. Aiiaea?/oea, aoee
iiaoaeiaai? ia?o? oaeoiii/i? ea?oe I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei?
iaooiaaciiinii? i?iaiioei?. Iaaeae?, a ii?o i?iaaaeaiiy iaoeiaeo
aeineiaeaeaiue a ?aaiiii i iaeiie/aiiy aeaieo, aiie aoee ooi/iai? (A.A.
Aeooei, A.I. Aeieaiei, A.A.Eieiae?e, N.N.E?oaeia, A.O. Aeieaiooaei, I.I.
Ia?eeye, I.?. Iaaethe, A.A. Nieeiaoa, I.O. Aiaa?oeue oa iioi). Ia
nueiaiaei? a aeineiaeaeoaaiiio ?aaiiii aeaeieythoueny oae? iniiai?
oaeoiii/ii aeaiaioe: Iiaaeaiii-Oe?a?inueea iiiieeiiaeue;
Ia?aaeaeia?oaeaeeinueeee i?iaei; Ea?eiiionueei-Iiaii/ii-E?einueeee
i?iaei; *eiaoeuenueea niaeeiaeia; Iiaii/ii-Acianueeee i?iaei;
Eieienueei-Cii?ia ciia iiaeiyoue; Eaeaiionueei-Oeaio?aeueiie?einueea
iaaaiiaeiyooy; Ieaeiueiai?nueea niaeeiaeia; Na?aaeiueiacianueea
iaaaiiaeiyooy; Oeiaoaanueea nooi?iue; iaaaioeee?ii?ie Ai?nueeiai E?eio;
Iiaeiei-Eoaainueeee i?iaei; Ea?/ainueei-Oaiainueeee i?iaei.
A inoi?i? aaieiai/iiai ?icaeoeo E?eio aeaeieythoueny aea? o?eaae? a?e:
aeiiacicienueeo i iaci-eaeiicienueeo. Aeey ian iniaeeai aaaeeeaith ?
iaci-eaeiicienueea, eiee ooai?eeenue ea?aiiaoi? a?aeeeaaee aa?oiuei?
e?aeaee, ye? ? ia’?eoii iaoeo aeine?aeaeaiue.
Aiaeiiinia oiaua ea?aiiaoieo a?aeeeaae?a aa?oiuei? e?aeaee i?aaenoaaeaia
o??ueioaaoeie ia?aaeyie oa aaiiyeaie. Aiaeioii?aie ? aeeienoi aaiiyee i
u?euei? ia?aaei eaiiaio oa iaano?iooo (Eieiae?e A.A., Ooia??i I.Ae.,
1982). Oiii/iee neeaae ieanoiaeo aiae aa?oiueie?aeaeiaiai eiiieaeno
?iciee: noeueoaoii-iao?i?aee, aiae?iea?aiiaoii-iao?i?aee i
oei?eaeueoei?aee. I.ss. Eoiii i I.I. Ica?iee (1986) aeyaeee, ui a
ai?eciioao c aiae?inoaoe/iei oeneii Ea?/ainueeiai iiaino?iaa aiino ai?o
neeaaea? aei 80 ia/e, a a ciiao c iaaea?ae?inoaoe/ieie
ii?iaeie(ieanoiaeie) oeneaie – 315.7 ia/e. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie iaoeo
aeine?aeaeaiue a ?ioa?aae? aeae?eaii? iie?eoee ieanoia? aiaee i?noyoue:
ai?o – 100-115 ia/e, eiaeo – 30-55 ia/e, a?iio – 10-17 ia/e, aaaeeeo
aoaeaaiaeiaaeo aac?a – 3-4 %. Ieae/a iie?eoee ai?no a ieanoiaeo aiaeao
oeeo eiiiiiaio?a ??cei ca?eueoo?oueny, a naia: ai?o – 2600-265 ia/e,
eiaeo – 95-105 ia/e, a?iio – 55-60 ia/e, aaaeeeo aoaeaaiaeiaaeo aac?a –
8-9 %. Oea na?ae/eoue i?i aenie? ae?aioth/? aeanoeaino? aeae?eaii?
iie?eoee.
Iaooiaaciiiniinoue ea?aiiaoieo a?aeeeaae?a aa?oiuei? e?aeaee
iiaeoaa?aeaeaia aiaee?eooyi a ieo iieeaaeia iaooe ia Ieoya?nueeiio i
Na?aa?yinueeiio ?iaeiaeuao, iieeaaeia aaco ia ?iaeiieianueeie,
Iiaeaiaeiainueeie, Ea?eaanueeie, Aaeaeuenueeie, Aeiaianueeie,
Iioea?ueianueeie, Oiioai?anueeie oa iioeo ieiuao. I?i iaooiaaciiiniinoue
ea?aiiaoieo aiaeeeaaeia oaeiae naiae/aoue i /enaeueii iaooiaacii?iyae
i?e ao??iii naa?aeeiaei ia iioeo ieiuao (E?aniiiieuenueea,
Iiaii/ii-Aoeeaiianueea, Caoiaeii-Oiioai?anueea, Ia?`?anueea, Aieioeeia,
Oiiaeoa, oa iioi).
A o?aoueiio ?icae?e? ?icaeyioo? iniaeeaino? aaieia?/ieo oiia oi?ioaaiiy
ae?aioth/i? oiau? na?aae ea?aiiaoieo a?aeeeaae?a aa?oiuei? e?aeaee,
iaeiie/aiiy inaae?a yei? aiaeaoaaeiny i?ae /an o?aina?ani? ii?y.
Ia nueiaiaei? ?ic??ciythoue i`youe noaaeie oi?ioaaiiy inaaeiaeo ii?iae:
naaeeiaioiaaiac, aeiaaaiac, aiiaaiac, ?aiiie iaoaii?oici i aiia?aaiac.
Iaie ?icaeyiooi oi?ioaaiiy ea?aiiaoii? oiaui aa?oiuei? e?aeaee
I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei? iaooiaaciiinii? i?iaiioei? i?ioyaii ia?oeo
o?ueio noaae?e.
Iaeaieueo ni?eyoeeaeie oiiaaie aeey ooai?aiiy iie?eoee aoei
inaaeiiaeiie/aiiy i?ioyaii iaano?ioonueeiai oa aeaonueeiai a?e?a.
Iaeiie/aiiy oeeo inaae?a i?ioiaeeei a oiiaao ?aa?iiaeueii? o?aina?ani?
ii?y, ui, ia iao iiaeyae, iiceoeaii aieeioei ia oi?ioaaiiy ae?aioth/i?
oiaui aaeeei? oiaueie.
A /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? iienai? ?acoeueoaoe eaai?aoi?ieo aeine?aeaeaiue
ae?aioth/eo aeanoeainoae ii??ae, yeeie neeaaeaia aeae?eaia iie?eoea ?
aeine?aeaeaiiy yeeo iio?aao? niaoeeo?/iiai i?aeoiaeo aei i?iaeooaaiiy
onoaiiaie oa aeiiii?aeieo i?eno?i?a, o ca’yceo ?c aeiaaio?eaae?noth
aenia?eiaio?a /a?ac ae?ae iia?eueio o?eueo?aoe?th ?iai/eo aaaio?a,
iaa?oue i?e cia/ieo oeneao. Oae? oiiae aaaeei ciiaeaethaaoe ia ?nioth/eo
aenia?eiaioaeueieo onoaiiaeao. Oiio, iaie aoea oaeineiiaeaia eaai?aoi?ia
onoaiiaea A.I. Aeia?ei?ia a ye?e ?a?no?oth/ee aocie aeiiiaiaii
aeaeo?iiiei ?a?no?aoi?ii. Oea aeicaieeei a?eueo oi/ii aecia/aoe /an
ii/aoeo o?eueo?aoe?? ??aeeie (aaco) /a?ac aiaeiiane/aiee c?acie
a??nueei? ii?iaee. Aeey aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aea/aiiy ae?aioth/eo
aeanoeainoae ia?aae?a oa aeeienoeo aaiiye?a a?aeae?aeenue c?acee ?c
aeae?eaiiai ?ioa?aaeo iie?eoee.
Ca ?acoeueoaoaie eaai?aoi?ieo aeine?aeaeaiue anoaiiaeaii, ui aaniethoia
aacii?iieei?noue ia?aae?a a ?ioa?aae? ae?aioth/i? oiau? eieeaa?oueny a
iaaeao a?ae 8•10-21 i2 aei 1.3•10-19 i2, a oie /an, ye i?iieei?noue
ia?aae?a a ?ioa?aae? i?iaeoeoeaiiai ai?eciioo noaiiaeoue 0.04•10-17 i2 –
0.1•10-17 i2 (na. 2 – I?ai?/ii-Aoeeai?anueea, ?ioa?aae 2520-2590 i).
Aaniethoia aacii?iieei?noue aeeienoeo aaiiye?a, ca ?acoeueoaoaie
eaai?aoi?ieo aeine?aeaeaiue, eieeaa?oueny a iaaeao a?ae 6•10-20 i2 aei
1.8•10-19 i2, a a ?ioa?aae? i?iaeoeoeaiiai ai?eciioo 0.1•10-15 i2 –
20•10-15 i2 (na. 2 – Aie?oeeia). Aacii?iieei?noue ia?aae?a oa aeeienoeo
aaiiye?a, yeeie neeaaeaia ae?aioth/a oiaua, c aeeaeiith ciaioo?oueny.
Oae, ia aeeaei? 1000 iao??a i?iieei?noue neeaaea? (1.2 – 1.8)•10-19 i2,
a ia 3500 iao??a – (0.02 – 0.08)•10-19 i2.
A oaaeeoe? 1 iaaaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aecia/aiiy o?ce/ieo aeanoeainoae
ii??ae, yeeie neeaaeaia iie?eoea aeey Ea?/ainueeiai i?aino?iaa,
??aieiiiai E?eio oa oaeueoo *i?iiai ii?y.
Oaaeeoey 1 – ?acoeueoaoe aecia/aiiy o?ce/ieo ia?aiao??a ii??ae
O?ce/i? ia?aiao?e
ii??ae Ea?/ainueeee i?aino??a ??aieiiee E?ei oaeueo *i?iiai ii?y
1. Aonoeia
c aeeaeiith, ea/i3 ca?eueoo?oueny
a?ae 2250 aei 2630 ca?eueoo?oueny
a?ae 1750 aei 2900 ca?eueoo?oueny
a?ae 2100 aei 2900
2.Ia?aaaaeath/? cia/aiiy
aonoei, ea/i3 2550-2600 2400-2500 2250-2350
3. Ii?eno?noue
c aeeaeiith, % ciaioo?oueny
a?ae 15 aei 1.4 ciaioo?oueny
a?ae 14 aei 3 ciaioo?oueny
a?ae 13 aei 3
4.Ia?aaaaeath/? cia/aiiy
ii?enoino?, % 10-6 9-5 10-7
5. I?iieei?noue
c aeeaeiith, 10-17i2 ciaioo?oueny
a?ae 0.014 aei 0.0012 ciaioo?oueny
a?ae 0.02 aei 0.014 ciaioo?oueny
a?ae 0.02 aei 0.008
6.Ia?aaaaeath/? cia/aiiy
i?iieeiino?, 10-17i2 0.005-0.001 0.012-0.008 0.012-0.009
7. Ea?aiiaoi?noue
c aeeaeiith, % ciaioo?oueny
a?ae 70 aei 60 ciaioo?oueny
a?ae 80 aei 60 ciaioo?oueny
a?ae 80 aei 60
8.Ia?aaaaeath/? cia/aiiy
ea?aiiaoiino?, % 65-63 77-67 70-65
9. Oene i?i?eao
c aeeaeiith, IIa ca?eueoo?oueny
a?ae 27 aei 43 ca?eueoo?oueny
a?ae 23 aei 35 ca?eueoo?oueny
a?ae 30 aei 40
10. Ia?aaaaeath/? cia/ai-
iy oeneo i?i?eao, IIa 38-40 30-33 32-36
?c oaaeeoe? aeaeii, ui ca eeaneo?eaoe??th I.I.Oai?ia ae?aioth/?
aeanoeaino? ii??ae a?aeiia?aeathoue iie?eoeai a?oi “A” ? “N” (aeniei? oa
na?aaeiuei? ae?aioth/i? caeaoiino?).
i’yoee ?icae?e aena?oeth? iaoiaeeeo aeae?eaiiy iie?eoie o ea?aiiaoieo
a?aeeeaaeao ca ieanoiaeie oeneaie. Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy aoee
ea?aiiaoi? ii?iaee aa?oiuei? e?aeaee I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei?
iaooiaaciiinii? i?ia?ioe??.
Ine?eueee ?ieue iie?eoie ooo aeeiiothoue aeeienoi aaiiyee, ia?aaei i
?iaeoa aeeienoi aeieiiioe, oi ?o iinonaaeeiaioaoeieii ciiie, a yeienue
ii?i, aeecei aei ciii a aeeienoeo iie?eoeao. Ia?aaei, ye i aeeienoi
ii?iaee, ii?e yeeo iane/ai? oeth?aeii oa ye? oa?aeoa?ecothoueny
iayai?noth aiiiaeueieo ieanoiaeo oene?a, iathoue a?eueo aenieo
ii?eno?noue i?ae ia?aae? c ii?iaeueiei a?ae?inoaoe/iei ieanoiaei oeneii.
Ia iniia? aiae?c?a aieueoa i?ae 2000 ac??oe?a ea?io, aiaeia?aiiai c
aeecueei 100 naa?aeeiaei, iaie anoaiiaeaii caaaeueio caeiiiii?iinoue
ciiie c aeeaeiith aonoeie ia?aaeia aa?oiuei? e?aeaee (I?eia I.I., Eyoo
I.A., AEo/aiei A.I., Iiaeue/aiei A.A. 1986).
sse a?aeiii, i?e ii?iaeueiiio i?ioiaeaeaiii i?ioeano inaaeiiaeiie/aiiy
ciiio aonoeie ii?iae c aeeaeiith iiaeia ae?aceoe aiii?e/iei ?iaiyiiyi
i?yii? eiii?. Oaea caeaaei?noue niinoa??aa?oueny ? a ia?aaeyo aa?oiuei?
e?aeaee, ye? aeeiiothoue ?ieue iie?eoee ia ieiuao Ea?/ainueeiai
iiaino?iaa, ?iaieiiiai E?eio oa oaeueoo *i?iiai ii?y. I?i oea na?ae/aoue
anoaiiaeai? ei?aeyoe?ei? ca’ycee i?ae aonoeiith ia?aae?a oa aeeaeiith ?o
caeyaaiiy ia ui aeaco? aeniea cia/aiiy eiao?oe??ioa ei?aeyoei?. Oae,
aeey Ea?/ainueeiai i?aino?iaa a?i neeaaea? 0.8281, ?iaieiiiai E?eio –
0.7885, oaeueoo *i?iiai ii?y – 0.9907, a ?aaeueiinoue o?niiai ca`yceo
iiaeoaa?aeaeo?oueny caiaeii e?eoa??th ?.A.Oioa?a.
C ouieueiaiiyi ii?iaee ao?a/athoue ii?enoinoue, yea ciiith?oueny c
aeeaeiith ca?aeii eiiieiiai caeiio. Aea c iiyaith a ?ic?ici aiiiaeueieo
ii?iaeo(ieanoiaeo) oeneia ciiia ii?enoinoi c aeeaeiith iiaea
aiaeoeeyoenue aiae eiiieiiai caeiio ?, /ei a?eueoa a?aeoeeaiiy, oei
a?eueoa aaee/eia ii?iaiai oeneo.
Iaie aoei aeine?aeaeaii ci?io ii?enoinoi ia?aaeia c aeeaeiith aeey
Ea?/ainueeiai iiaino?iaa, ?iaieiiiai E?eio oa oaeueoo *i?iiai ii?y. Aeey
Ea?/ainueeiai iiaino?iaa eiao?oe??io ei?aeyoei? noaiiaeoue -0.9844,
?iaieiiiai E?eio – -0.9371, oaeueoo *i?iiai ii?y – -0.9959. Ca?aeii
?acoeueoao?a eaai?aoi?ieo aeine?aeaeaiue ci?ia ii?enoino? c aeeaeiith a
?ioa?aae? iie?eoee ae?aaea?oueny ?iaiyiiyi i?yii?, ui aea? iai i?aenoaao
noaa?aeaeoaaoe i?i iiaeeea?noue aeae?eaiiy uieueieo aeeienoeo ia?aaeia
oa aeeienoeo aaiiyeia ca aeiiiiiaith eiiieaeno i?iieneiai-aaio?ce/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue (EN, IN, AE, AE, IAE, eaaa?iiiao?iy) .
Ii?iaee, yei neeaaeathoue ea?aiiaoio oiauo, oa?aeoa?ecothoueny
ianooiieie ia?aiao?aie:
I a ? a a e i. Ieoiiee aeaeo?e/iee iii? a ciii ae?aioth/i? oiaui
eieeaa?oueny a iaaeao 5-20 Iii. A uieueieo ia?aaeyo ia niinoa??aathoueny
aiiiaei? ia aeiaa?aiao IN aai ae o?enothoueny iacia/i? aiie?ooaee
aeiaeaoiueiai ciaeo. Aaia-aeoeaiinoue ia?aaeia ieae/a, iiae aeei. Aeey
ia?aaeia ae?aioth/i? oiau? aiia ciiith?oueny a iaaeao 5-9(, aea i?e
caieueoaiii aeeienoinoi aaia-aeoeaiinoue c?inoa?. Aoi?eiia
aaia-aeoeai?noue a ia?aaeyo iioa?aaeo ae?aioth/i? oiaui ciiith?oueny
a?ae 1.5 aei 2.2 oi. iae. Ia aeiaa?aiao aeonoe/iiai ea?ioaaeo oe?
ii?iaee a?aecia/athoueny cieaeaiiyi cia/aiue iioa?aaeueiiai /ano i?iaiao
i?oaeiuei? oaeei aiae 150 aei 250 ien/i .
A a i i y e e. Caeyaathoue na?aae aeei oa ia?aaeia, i aiaeia?aaeathoueny
ia aeiaa?aiao IN aiae`?iieie aiiiaeiyie, aea c iiaeaeuaiiyi aeeienoinoi
aiieiooaea aiiiaeie ciaioo?oueny. Ia aeiaa?aiao aaia-iaoiaeo aaiiyee
oa?aeoa?ecothoueny iecueeeie cia/aiiyie aaia-aeoeaiinoi, yea i?e
iiaeaeuaiii aeeienoinoi aeaui c?inoa?. Ia aeiaa?aiao iaeo?iiiiai iaoiaeo
uieueii aeeienoi aaiiyee ae?aaeathoueny iiaeaeuaiith iioaineaiinoth
aoi?eiii? aaia-aeoeaiino?, yea a eaaa?iicieo i aenieiii?enoeo ii?iaeao
cia/ii cieaeo?oueny. Oaeaeeinoue i?iaiao i?oaeiuei? oaeei o aaiiyeao
noaiiaeoue 200 – 210 ien/i. Ia eaaa?iia?aiao ae?aiao? naa?aeeiaei o
uieueieo ea?aiiaoieo ii?iaeao aiaeia?aaea?oueny iiiiiaeueiei cia/aiiyi,
a a o?iueioaaoeo – caieueoo?oueny.
A ae?aioth/ie oiaui, yea iaie aeaeiey?oueny a ?ic?ici aa?oiuei? e?aeaee
I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei? iaooiaaciiinii? i?iaiioei?, niinoa?iaa?oueny
oiiaiee aai aeecueeee aei iueiai aiae?inoaoe/iee oene. Oea
iiaeoaa?aeaeo?oueny ?acoeueoaoaie i?iaiicoaaiiy cii IAIiO
(iaaea?ae?inoaoe/iiai ii?iaiai oeneo) oa IiOIA (ii?iaiai oeneo iaioiai
ca a?ae?inoaoe/iee) i i?yieie aeii?aie aeeaeiiei iaiiiao?ii(I?eia I.I.,
Iiaeue/aiei A.A., Eyoo I.A., AEo/aiei A.I. 1986).
I?e aea/aii? oa?aeoa?o ciiie aaioice/ieo ia?aiao?ia (ri, Dti, Igi, Ingi)
a ea?aiiaoieo aiaeeeaaeao aeineiaeaeoaaiiai ?aaiiio c oiiaiei
aiae?inoaoe/iei ii?iaei(ieanoiaei) oeneii iaie aoee anoaiiaeai?
ei?aeyoeieii ca`ycee ri = f(H), Dti = f(H), Igi,= f(H), Ingi = f(H). A
caaaeueiiio aeaeyaei ?iaiyiiy “eiii?” ii?iaeueii? ciiie ca?a?no?iaaieo
aaioice/ieo ia?aiao?ia a ia?aaeyo, io?eiaii ca aeiiiiiaith eiii’thoa?a
(I?eia I.I., Eyoo I.A., Iiaeue/aiei A.A. ,1987) iathoue ianooiiee
aeaeyae:
ri = 0.0463 • e0.0019•I ;
Dti = 1532.03 • e-0.0006•H ;
Igi = 29.883 • e-0.0006•H;
Ingi = 0.2859 • e0.0007•H .
Ca?aeii ?acoeueoao?a i?iaiicoaaiiy IAIiO oa IiOIA o aa?oiie /anoeii
?ic?ico aa?oiuei? e?aeaee aeaeiey?oueny iioa?aae aeinoaoiuei? oiaueie c
oiiaii aiae?inoaoe/iei ii?iaei(ieanoiaei) oeneii aai aeecueeei aei
iueiai. Oeae iioa?aae iaie ioe?ith?oueny ye ae?aioth/a oiaua, ui
neoaeeoue ?aaiiiaeueiei ae?aiii aeey iieeaae?a iaooe ? aaco a
ea?aiiaoieo aiaeeeaaeao aa?oiuei? e?aeaee (I?eia I.I., Eyoo I.A.,
Iiaeue/aiei A.A., 1990-1991). Oey oiaua neeaaeaia ia?aaeyie, uieueieie,
iioeieie, ianeaieie, caaaa/aieie iaeioiii?oiei aeeienoi-ea?aiiaoiei
iaoa?iaeii. I?e oeueiio aeeieno? i ea?aiiaoi? /anoeiee ooai?ththoue
iaeii?iaeio iano. I?e c?inoaii? ai?noo aeeienoeo aeiiioie a iniiai?e
ian? ii?iaee iie?ioo?oueny ae?aioth/a ?? caeaoi?noue. Oiaueia
?aa?iiaeueii? iie?eoee ii ieiu? ia aeo?eio?oueny i ciiith?oueny aiae 100
aei 500 i. Ia ci?io oiaueie iie?eoee, i/aaeaeii, iaee aieea
eaoaaaiaoe/i? (A.I. No?ueeiaa, 1971) oa oaeoii?/i? i?ioeane.
Aeei?enoiaoth/e aeai? aaieiai-aaio?ce/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue oa ?acoeueoaoe
i?iaiicoaaiiy IAIiO oa IiOIA iaie iiaoaeiaai? noaiaoe/i? ea?oe iie??ae?
ae?aioth/i? oiau? oa ?? oiauei ie?aii aeey Ea?/ainueeiai i?aino?iaa,
??aieiiiai E?eio oa oaeueoo *i?iiai ii?y.
Aiae?c iiaoaeiaaieo ea?o oa ni?anoaaeaiiy ?o c a?aeiieie ea?oaie
ia?niaeoea ?aa?iio iieacaee, ui oa?eoi??y ?iciianthaeaeaiiy ae?aioth/i?
oiau?, aea oiaueia ?? a?eueoa ca 100iao??a, ? ia?niaeoeaiith aeey
a?aee?eooy a i?aenoeeath/eo a?aeeeaaeao iieeaae?a aoaeaaiaei?a.
A oinoiio ?icae?e? iaaiaeyoueny ?ic?iaeai? aeai?eoie iiaeaethaaiiy oiia
caa?aaeaiiy iieeaaeo aoaeaaiaei?a ia iniia? ioe?iee ae?aioth/eo
aeanoeainoae ii??ae-iie?eoie.
Aeey iiaeaethaaiiy oiia caa?aaeaiiy oa ?oeioaaiiy iieeaae?a iaooe ? aaco
iaie ?ic?iaeaii nenoaio aeai?eoiia aecia/aiiy oeneo i?i?eao iie?eoee
aoaeaaiaeiyie i /ano ?oeioaaiiy iieeaaeia. Aeai?eoi aecia/aiiy oeneo
i?i?eao ii?iaee-iie?eoee aoaeaaiaeiyie ?ic?iaeyany ia iniia?
aeei?enoaiiy ?iaiyiiy I.I. I?eiaa (1984), yea i?noeoue ianooii?
ia?aiao?e: oiaueia iie?eoee, a’yce?noue i?i?eaath/iai oeth?aeo,
i?iieei?noue ? /an o?eueo?aoe??. Iaeii/anii aeai?eoi aecia/aiiy /ano
?oeioaaiiy iieeaae?a aoaeaaiaeiia ?ic?iaeyany ia iniia? ?iaiyiiy A. I.
?eaeeea (1985), yea aeeth/a? a naaa oae? ia?aiao?e, ye: oiaueia
iie?eoee, a’yce?noue oeth?aeo, ii?eno?noue, iane/ai?noue ii?iaee
oeth?aeii, i?iieei?noue, a?aae??io oeneo i?i?eao. Aecia/aiiy /ano
?oeioaaiiy iieeaae?a a ea?aiiaoieo a?aeeeaaeao aa?oiuei? e?aeaee
aeine?aeaeoaaiiai ?aa?iio i?iaiaeeeinue ca i?ia?aiith “OIIA-1”, yea
?ic?iaeaia ia aeai?eoii/iie iiai “PASCAL”. Aeey ia/eneaiiy aeei?enoaii
IAII IBM 80486. Ni?anoaaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aecia/aiiy o?eaaeino?
?oeioaaiiy iieeaae?a ?ic?aooieiaei oa ciiaeaeueiaaiei niiniaaie
aeicaieeei iai ioe?ieoe /an, i?ioyaii yeiai i?ioiaeeoeia ?oeioaaiiy
iieeaae?a aoaeaaiaei?a, a oaeiae aecia/eoe, ui iaea?eueo nooo?ai ia oeae
i?ioean aieeaathoue oiaueia iie?eoee, i?iieei?noue oa a?aae??io oeneo
i?i?eao.
A naith /a?ao oene i?i?eao ii?iaee-iie?eoee aoaeaaiaeiyie caeaaeeoue
aiae oaeeo aaieiai/ieo ia?aiao?ia, ye oiaueia iie?eoee oa i?iieei?noue
? aecia/aany ca i?ia?aiith “PRESSURE-1”. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie ?ic?aooieo
aoei io?eiaii niiaa?aeiioaiiy i?ae oeneii i?i?eao oa i?iieei?noth ?
oiaueiith iie?eoee, ye? oa?aeoa?ecothoue ae?aioth/i aeanoeainoi
ii?iaee-iie?eoee ca iaaiee i?iiiaeie /ano. Oaeiae oeeie ?ic?aooieaie
anoaiiaeaii, ui ?c ciaioaiiyi i?iieeiino? oene i?i?eao ?icei
caieueoo?oueny.
Oaeei /eiii, ia iniia? ?ic?iaeaieo aeai?eoiia aaeaeinue:
– ioeiieoe /an ?oeioaaiiy iieeaaeo oa oeneo i?i?eao iie?eoee ca
aaieiai/ieie ia?aiao?aie;
– i?iaanoe iiaeaethaaiiy oiia caa?aaeaiiy oa ?oeioaaiiy iieeaae?a
aoaeaaiaeiia;
– ?ic?aooaaoe iioeiaeuei? cia/aiiy ia?aiao??a (i?iieei?noue, oiaueio,
oene i?i?eao, /an ?oeioaaiiy), ye? aeicaieeee aeaoe ye?nio i eieueeinio
ioeiieo ae?aioth/eo aeanoeainoae ii??ae-iie?eoie.
AENIIAEE ? ?AEIIAIAeAOe??
Ia iniia? aea/aiiy a?aeeeaae?a aa?oiuei? e?aeaee
I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei? iaooiaaciiinii? i?ia?ioe?? oa ca
?acoeueoaoaie ioe?iee ieanoiaeo oene?a a oeueiio ?aa?ii? aaoi?o
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aaeaeinue anoaiiaeoe:
1. Iayai?noue o ea?aiiaoieo ii?iaeao aa?oiuei? e?aeaee
I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei? iaooiaaciiinii? i?ia?ioe?? ?aa?iiaeueii?
ae?aioth/i? oiau? neeaaeaii? ia?aaeyie oa aeeienoeie aaiiyeaie.
2. A aeaiiio iaooiaaciiiniiio ?aa?ii? ?niothoue aea? a?ae?iaeeiai?/i?
nenoaie iaeia ?c yeeo i?eo?i/aia aei iaeeiinueeeo a?aeeeaae?a, ae?oaa –
aei e?aeaeiaeo a?aeeeaae?a. ?icae?ey? oe? nenoaie aeae?eaia iaie
?aa?iiaeueia iie?eoea o a?aeeeaaeao aa?oiuei? e?aeaee.
3. Iaea?eueo ni?eyoeeaeie oiiaaie aeey oi?ioaaiiy oe??? iie?eoee aoa
iaano??oo-aeaonueeee a?e.
4. Aeniea ae?aioth/a caeaoi?noue aeae?eaii? ?aa?iiaeueii? iie?eoee o
a?aeeeaaeao aa?oiuei? e?aeaee i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny i?aeaeuaiei ai?noii
eiaeo, ai?o, a?iio oa aaaeeeo aoaeaaiaeiaaeo aac?a o ieanoiaeo aiaeao
ieae/a ?ioa?aaeo aeae?eaii? iie?eoee.
5. Aeae?eaia ae?aioth/a oiaua o a?aeiia?aeiino? c eeaneo?eaoe??th
I.I.Oai?ia a?aeiineoueny aei ii??ae-iie?eoie aeniei? oa na?aaeiuei?
ae?aioth/i? caeaoiino?.
6. ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea aeae?eaiiy iie?eoie a ea?aiiaoieo a?aeeeaaeao ca
ieanoiaeie oeneaie.
7. ?ic?iaeai? aeai?eoie iiaeaethaaiiy oiia caa?aaeaiiy oa ?oeioaaiiy
iieeaae?a iaooe ? aaco a caeaaeiino? a?ae oiaueie iie?eoee
8. Neeaaeaii ea?oe ia?niaeoea iaooiaaciiiniino? ea?aiiaoieo a?aeeeaae?a
aa?oiuei? e?aeaee a caeaaeiino? a?ae oiaueie aeae?eaii? iie?eoee.
Ia iniia? aeeiiaieo aeine?aeaeaiue ne?ae ?aeiiaiaeoaaoe:
1. Iiaeaeueo? iai?yiee iiooe?a iieeaae?a iaooe ? aaco a ea?aiiaoieo
a?aeeeaaeao aa?oiuei? e?aeaee I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei?
iaooiaaciiinii? i?ia?ioe?? ne?ae i?iaiaeeoe c a?aooaaiiyi ci?ie oiaueie
iie?eoee oa aeeaeie caeyaaiiy ?? iie??ae?.
2. ?ic?iaeaio iaoiaeeeo aeae?eaiiy iie?eoie a ea?aiiaoieo a?aeeeaaeao ca
ieanoiaeie oeneaie ne?ae canoiniaoaaoe a ?aa?iiao c iiae?aiith
aaieia?/iith aoaeiaith.
3. I?e ao??ii? a ea?aiiaoieo a?aeeeaaeao aa?oiuei? e?aeaee ne?ae
a?aoiaoaaoe aeae?eaiee ?ioa?aae iie?eoee ? nai?/anii i?iaiaeeoe
ei?aaoaaiiy aonoeie ao?iaiai ?ic/eio.
Ii oai? aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaai? ianooii? ?iaioe:
1. Iiaeue/aiei A.A. ?acoeueoaou yenia?eiaioaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee
ii?aaeaeaiey aeaaeaiey e oaiia?aoo?u i?i?uaa ea?aiiaoiuo
ii?iae-iie?uoae, neiaeaiiuo ia?aaeyie// ?acaaaeea e ?ac?aaioea iaooyiuo
e aaciauo ianoi?iaeaeaiee.- Eueaia: EOEIA.- 1988.- Aui. 25 – N.19-24.
2. Iiaeue/aiei A.A., Eyoo I.A. Ei??aeyoeeiiiay naycue aeoaeiu caeaaaiey
ea?aiiaoiie iie?uoee e ?aaeno?e?oaiuo aaioece/aneeo ia?aiao?ia a
aa?oiaiaeiauo ioeiaeaieyo Ea?/aineiai iieoino?iaa// ?acaaaeea e
?ac?aaioea iaooyiuo e aaciauo ianoi?iaeaeaiee.- Eueaia: EOEIA.- 1989.-
Aui. 26 – N.11-14.
3. I?eia I.I., Eyoo I.A., Iiaeue/aiei A.A. Niinia auaeaeaiey
ea?aiiaoiuo iie?uoae caeaaeae oaeaaiaei?iaeia.- E.: *an, 1990.- 3 n.
4. Iiaeue/aiei A.A. Aeae?eaiiy iie?eoie iaooe ? aaco a ea?aiiaoieo
a?aeeeaaeao ?c cii aiiiaeueii aenieeo ieanoiaeo oene?a// ?ica?aeea oa
?ic?iaea iaooiaeo ? aaciaeo ?iaeiaeu.-Ee?a: IIE AI.- 1991.-N.10-11.
5. Iiaeue/aiei A.A. Iniaeeaino? oi?ioaaiiy iie?eoie o
a?aeeeaaeao aa?oiuei? e?aeaee I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei? IAI//
?ica?aeea oa ?ic?iaea iaooiaeo ? aaciaeo ?iaeiaeu. – Na??y: Aaieia?y oa
?ica?aeea iaooiaeo ? aaciaeo ?iaeiaeu. ?ica?aeoaaeueia ? i?iieneiaa
aaieia?y. -?aaii-O?aie?anuee: ?OAeOOIA.- 1994.- Aei. 31 – N. 34-37.
6. Iiaeue/aiei A.A., Ieoaee?a ?.?. ?acoeueoaoe aecia/aiiy
ae?aioth/eo aeanoeainoae ea?aiiaoieo ii??ae-iie?eoie// Aaiaeieia?/i?
i?iaeaie ?aaii-O?aie?aueie oa Ea?iaonueeiai ?aa?iio.- ?aaii-O?aie?anuee:
AEI?.- 1998.-N.41-45.
7. Iiaeue/aiei A.A., Ieoaee?a ?.?. Aaieia?/i? oiiae ooai?aiiy
ii??ae-iie?eoie a ea?aiiaoieo a?aeeeaaeao aa?oiuei? e?aeaee
I?e/i?-iiii?nueei-E?einueei? iaooiaaciiinii? i?ia?ioe??// Aaiaeieia?/i?
i?iaeaie ?aaii-O?aie?aueie oa Ea?iaonueeiai ?aa?iio.- ?aaii-O?aie?anuee:
AEI?.- 1998.-N.46-49.
8. I?eia I.I., Iiaeue/aiei A.A., Ieoaee?a ?.?. Aecia/aiiy oeneo i?i?eao
oa /ano ?icoi?ioaaiiy iieeaae?a aoaeaaiaei?a ca aeiiiiiaith IAII//
Aaiaeieia?/i? i?iaeaie ?aaii-O?aie?aueie oa Ea?iaonueeiai ?aa?iio.-
?aaii-O?aie?anuee: AEI?.- 1998.-N.49-55.
9. *aaaiaiei E.E., I?eia A.A., Eyoo I.A., Aiaoaiei A.E., AEo/aiei A.A.,
Eei/ei A.I., Iiaeue/aiei A.A. Ieanoiaua aeaaeaiey a iaooaaaciauo
no?oeoo?ao E?uii-Acianeie i?iaeioeee e iaoiaeu eo i?iaiice?iaaiey.- E.:
1987.-49n. (I?ai?. / AI ONN?. Ei-o aaieiae/aneeo iaoe; 87-32).
10. I?eia A.A., Ia?anueeee A.E., Eyoo I.A., AEo/aiei A.A., Iiaeue/aiei
A.A. Eniieueciaaiea eioi?iaoeee ia aiiiaeueii aunieeo ieanoiauo
aeaaeaieyo a ea/anoaa iieneiaiai e?eoa?ey caeaaeae iaooe e aaca//
Oneiaey iaooaaaciia?aciaaiey ia aieueoeo aeoaeiao. -I.: Iaoea, 1986.-
n.55-60.
11. I?eia A.A., Eyoo I.A., Iiaeue/aiei A.A. Auaeaeaiea a
?ac?acao ao?yueony neaaaeei aa?uea?iuo cii – iie?uoae caeaaeae iaooe e
aaca// O?oaeu 2-e Ananithciie iao/.-oaoi. eiio. “Ane?uoea iaooaaaciauo
ieanoia e inaiaiea neaaaeei”.- Eaaii-O?aieiane.- 1988.- N.284-285.
12. Iiaeue/aiei A.A. Iniaeeaino? ci?ie aonoeie oa ii?enoino?
ia?aae?a aa?oiuei? e?aeaee E?eio// I?aoe? iaoe.-oaoi. eiio. i?io.-aeee.
neeaaeo ?i-oo iaooe ? aaco. – *anoeia1. – ?aaii-O?aie?anuee, 1994.- N
30.
A I I O A Oe ? ?
Iiaeue/aiei A.A. Aeae?eaiiy ?aa?iiaeueii? iie?eoee a ea?ai-iaoieo
a?aeeeaaeao aa?oiuei? e?aeaee I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei?
iaooiaaciiinii? i?ia?ioe?? ca ieanoiaeie oeneaie. – ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa aaieia?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 04.00.17 – aaieia?y iaooe ? aaco. –
?aaii-O?aie?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao iaooe ? aaco,
?aaii-O?aie?anuee, 1998.
Aeena?oaoe?th i?enay/aii ieoaiiyi i?iaiico iaooiaaciiiniino? a
ia?niaeoeaieo ia iaooo ? aac ea?aiiaoieo a?aeeeaaeao
I?e/i?iiii?-nueei-E?einueei? iaooiaaciiinii? i?ia?ioe?? oeyoii ye?niiai
aeae?-eaiiy ii??ae-iie?eoie. A aeena?oaoe?? ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaeeeo
aeae?eaiiy iie?eoie ca ieanoiaeie oeneaie. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie
?ioa?i?aoaoe?? i?iieneiai-aaio?ce/ieo aeaieo iiaoaeiaai? ea?oe iie??ae?
oa oiaueie ae?aioth/i? oiau? o a?aeeeaaeao aa?oiuei? e?aeaee
I?e/i?iiii?nueei-E?einueei? iaooiaaciiinii? i?ia?ioe??. Neeaaeaii ea?oo
ia?niaeoea iaooiaaciiiniino? ea?aiiaoieo a?aeeeaae?a aa?oiuei? e?aeaee a
caeaaeii-no? a?ae oiaueie aeae?eaii? iie?eoee. Cai?iiiiiaaii aeai?eoi
iiaea-ethaaiiy oiia caa?aaeaiiy oa ?icoi?ioaaiiy iieeaaeo aoaeaaiaei?a.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: i?iaiic, ii?iaea-iie?eoea, ii?iaee(ieanoiaee) oene,
iie??aey, ae?aioth/a oiaua, aeai?eoi iiaeaethaaiiy, iieeaae,
aoaeaaiaei?.
Iiaeue/aiei A.A. Auaeaeaiea ?aaeiiaeueiie iie?uoee a ea?ai-iaoiuo
ioeiaeaieyo aa?oiaai iaea I?e/a?iiii?nei-E?uineie iaooaaaciiiniie
i?iaeioeee ii ieanoiaui aeaaeaieyi. – ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa aaieiae/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 04.00.17 – aaieiaey iaooe e aaca. – Eaaii-O?aieianeee
ainoaea?noaaiiue oaoie/aneee oieaa?neoao iaooe e aaca, Eaaii-O?aieiane,
1998.
Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia aii?inai i?iaiica iaooaaaciiiniinoe a
ia?niaeoeaiuo ia iaooue e aac ea?aiiaoiuo ioeiaeaieyo
I?e/a?ii-ii?nei-E?uineie iaooaaaciiiniie i?iaeioeee iooai ea/anoaaiiiai
auaeaeaiey ii?iae-iie?uoae. A aeenna?oaoeee ?ac?aaioaii iaoiaeeeo
auaeaeaiey iie?uoae ii ieanoiaui aeaaeaieyi. Ii ?acoeueoaoai
eioa?i?aoaoeee i?iiuneiai-aaioece/aneeo aeaiiuo iino?iaiu ea?ou e?iaee e
iiuiinoe ye?aie?othuae oieue a ioeiaeaieyo aa?oiaai iaea
I?e/a?iiii?nei-E?uineie iaooaaaciiiniie i?iaeioeee. Ninoaaeaii ea?oo
ia?niaeoea iaooaaaciiiniinoe ea?aiiaoiuo ioeiaeaiee aa?o-iaai iaea a
caaeneiinoe io iiuiinoe auaeaeaiiie iie?uoee. I?aae-eiaeaii aeai?eoi
iiaeaee?iaaiey oneiaee nio?aiaiey e ?anoi?ie?i-aaiey caeaaeae
oaeaaiaei?iaeia.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: I?iaiic, ii?iaea-iie?uoea, ii?iaia(ieanoi-aia)
aeaaeaiea, e?iaey, ye?aie?othuay oieua, aeai?eoi iiaeaee?i-aaiey,
caeaaeue, oaeaaiaei?iaeu.
Omelchenko V.G. Selection of a regional cap rocks in upper Cretaceous
carbonate deposits of pre-BlackSea-Crimean oil-and-gas province on the
formation pressure. – Manuscript.
The thesis for a scientific degree of the Candidate of geological
sciences on the specialty 04.00.17 – geology of oil and gas. –
Ivano-Frankivsk state technical university of oil and gas,
Ivano-Frankivsk, 1998.
The thesis is devoted to problems of the prognosis of oil-and-gas
presence in perspective for oil and gas carbonate deposits of
pre-BlackSea-Crimean oil-and-gas province by qualitative cap rocks
selection. In a thesis a technique of cap rocks selection based on
formation pressure is developed. According to the results of industrial
and geophysical data interpretation the maps of a roof and shielding
strata’s thickness for upper Cretaceous deposits of pre-BlackSea-Crimean
oil-and-gas bearing province are constructed. The map of upper
Cretaceous carbonate deposits perspectives of oil-and-gas presence
depending on thickness of picked out cap rock is also constructed. The
algorithm of modelling of preservation and disbandment conditions for
hydrocarbon deposit is offered.
Key words: The prognosis, cap rock, formation pressure, roof, shielding
strata, algorithm of modelling, deposit, hydrocarbons.
PAGE 20
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