OA?E?ANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE OI?AA?NEOAO
IAI*AIEI AAEAIOEIA A?EAI??AIA
OAeE 541.133(08+1)+541.132
O?AINII?OI? OA ??AIIAAAEI? AEANOEAINO? 1-1 AEAEO?IE?O?A A ?IC*EIIEEAO C
IECUeEEIE CIA*AIIssIE Ae?AEAEO?E*II? I?IIEEIINO?
Niaoe?aeuei?noue 02.00.04 – o?ce/ia o?i?y
A a o i ? a o a ? a oaeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai
nooiaiyeaiaeeaeaoa o?i?/ieo iaoe
Oa?e?a – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia a Oa?e?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao?
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee aeieoi? o?i?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?,A’thiee ?aai
Ieeieaeiae/,
Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao,
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e iai?aai?/ii? o?i??
oa iaoiaeeee aeeeaaeaiiy o?i??, i. Oa?e?a.
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe : aeieoi? o?i?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?,Eaaaaeue Aaeaioei
?ee?/,
Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao,
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e o?ce/ii? o?i??, i. Oa?e?a.
eaiaeeaeao o?i?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?,Aoeaa?i A?eoi? ?aaiiae/,
Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee iie?oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao.
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e caaaeueii? oa iai?aai?/ii? o?i??, i. Oa?e?a.
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa ?inoeooo o?ceei-i?aai?/ii? o?i?? oa aoaeao?i??
?i. E.I. Eeoaeiaiei IAI Oe?a?ie, a?aeae?e niaeo?io?i?? i?aai?/ieo
niieoe, i. Aeiiaoeuee.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “15“ aeiaoiy 1999 ?. i 1600 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 64.051.14 Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo (310077, i. Oa?e?a, ie. Naiaiaee, 4, aoae. 7-80)
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a Oeaio?aeuei?e iaoeia?e
a?ae?ioaoe? OAeO.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaii “14“ aa?aniy 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Eia?iiaa E.I.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue ?iaioe. ?ic/eie aeaeo?ie?o?a a ?ic/eiieeao c iecueeei
cia/aiiyi ae?aeaeo?e/ii? i?iieeiino? a oaia??oi?e /an ciaoiaeyoue oe?iea
aeei?enoaiiy a aeaeo?io?i?/i?e ?iaeono???, i?e i?iaaaeaii? aaaaoueio
oaoiieia?/ieo i?ioean?a, a o?i?/ieo aeaea?aeao no?oio ? o.i. Aeey
?icoi?iiy oa i?iaiicoaaiiy i?ioean?a, ye? i?io?eathoue a oaeeo
?ic/eiieeao iaiao?aeia aeinoia??ia e?euee?nia ?ioi?iaoe?y i?i
??aiiaaaei?, o?ainii?oi? oa no?oeoo?i? oa?aeoa?enoeee aeaeo?ie?oieo
?ic/ei?a. Iaeiae /a?ac neeuei? i?ae?iii? aca?iiae?? iaea?aeaiiy
e?euee?nieo oa?aeoa?enoee ?ic/ei?a o na?aaeiaeuao c iecueeith
ae?aeaeo?e/iith i?iieei?noth ? neeaaeiith caaea/ath. No/aniee ??aaiue
oai?aoe/iiai a?aooaaiiy ??aiiaaa ooai?aiiy ?iiieo aa?aaao?a a?eueo
aenieiai ii?yaeeo, i?ae ?iii? ia?e, ia aeicaiey? i?iaiicoaaoe
iae?ineii?/i? aeanoeaino? ?ic/ei?a o oe?ieiio ?ioa?aae? oaiia?aoo? oa
i?e aa??thaaii? eiiiiiaio?a ?ic/eio. Aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy
?iiieo ??aiiaaa c o?aooaaiiyi ooai?aiiy ?iiieo o??eiee?a o ?ic/eiieeao c
iecueeith ae?aeaeo?e/iith i?iieei?noth iaei/enaeuei? ? caeaa?eueoiai
aeeiiai? ia cian?i ei?aeoii. O ca’yceo c oeei aenia?eiaioaeueia
aeine?aeaeaiiy noeoiiino? ??aiiaaa ooai?aiiy ?iiieo ia? ? o??eiee?a o
?ic/eiieeao c iecueeith ae?aeaeo?e/iith i?iieei?noth iaaoaa? ana
a?eueoi? aeooaeueiino?.
Ii?yae ?c oeei iie?oa?i?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy ?ic/ei?a aeaeo?ie?o?a o
?ic/eiieeao c iecueeei cia/aiiyi ae?aeaeo?e/ii? i?iieeiino? i?e
caeo/aii? oyaeaiue noaoenoe/ii? o?ceee aeicaieythoue anoaiiaeoe
caeiiii??iino? aieeao oaiia?aoo?e ia e?euee?ni? oa?aeoa?enoeee
iaeoeii?anueeeo i?ae?iiieo aca?iiae?e, ui aeicaieeoue a iaeaooiueiio
i?iaiicoaaoe aeanoeaino? aeaeo?ie?oieo nenoai.
Oey ?iaioa ? /anoeiith aeine?aeaeaiue, ye? i?iaiaeyoueny ia eaoaae??
iai?aai?/ii? o?i?? oa iaoiaeeee aeeeaaeaiiy o?i?? Oa?e?anueeiai
aea?aeoi?aa?neoaoo. Aeena?oaoe?eio ?iaioo aeeiiaii ca?aeii c
eii?aeeiaoe?eiei ieaiii iaoeiai-aeine?aeieo ?ia?o I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe
Oe?a?ie ? 0197U008103 “Aeeiai?ea ?iiii? nieueaaoaoe?? oa i?ae/anoeieia?
aca?iiae?? a ?ic/eiao neiao?e/ieo oa ianeiao?e/ieo aeaeo?ie?o?a a
iaaiaeieo ?ic/eiieeao”, a oaeiae a iaaeao iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? i?ia?aie
AeEII N?N? “Nicaeaiea iiauo aunieiyooaeoeaiuo iaoiaeia e i?eai?ia
aiaeeca aauanoa e iaoa?eaeia” ?icae?e “Nicaeaiea n?aaenoa
iao?ieiae/aneiai iaania/aiey iiiaioeaeaaiai eniieueciaaiey, aeeth/athueo
noaiaea?oiua ia?acoeu aauanoa, iao?ieiae/aneea yeaeaaeaiou e o.i.,
ea?aeeiaeueii oeo/oathueo iao?ieiae/aneia iaania/aiea i?e auionea e
eniieueciaaiee aiaeeoe/aneie oaoieee e iaoiaeee aiaeeca” (i?eeac AeEII
N?N? ?454 a?ae 2.07.1990).
Iaoith ?iaioe ? ?ic?iaea iaoiaeeee aecia/aiiy ??aiiaaaeieo oa
o?ainii?oieo oa?aeoa?enoee 1-1 aeaeo?ie?o?a o ?ic/eiieeao c iecueeith
ae?aeaeo?e/iith i?iieei?noth ca aeaieie eiiaeoeoiiao??? ia iniia?
iiaeae?, yea a?aoiao? ooai?aiiy ?iiieo ia? oa ?iiieo o??eiee?a;
anoaiiaeaiiy caeiiii??iinoae aieeao oaiia?aoo?e, ?ici??o ? i?e?iaee ?iia
ia ia?aiao?e i?ae/anoeieiaeo aca?iiae?e a ?ic/eiao 1-1 aeaeo?ie?o?a o
na?aaeiaeuao c iecueeith ae?aeaeo?e/iith i?iieei?noth.
O caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy aoiaeeei: aenia?eiaioaeueia aea/aiiy
eiioeaio?aoe?eii? caeaaeiino? aeaeo?e/ii? i?ia?aeiino? (AI) ?ic/ei?a 1-1
aeaeo?ie?o?a a aoeeaoeaoao? (AA) i?e oaiia?aoo?ao 278.15-318.15 E, a
noi?o? aooai-1-ieo c i-ieoaiii (ianiaa /anoea aooai-1-ieo 50%) (a
iiaeaeueoiio noi?o AO) i?e 298.15-368.15E ? a aoeaoii? (Aoe) i?e
278.15-318.15E; aecia/aiiy aonoeie, a’yceino? oa ae?aeaeo?e/ii?
i?iieeiino? AA oa noi?o? AI a oe?ieiio ?ioa?aae? oaiia?aoo?;
iaa?oiooaaiiy iiaeae? ??aiiaaa 1-1 aeaeo?ie?o?a o ?ic/eiieeao c
iecueeith AeI; ?ic?aooiie a?aie/ii? iiey?ii? aeaeo?e/ii? i?ia?aeiino?
(li) ? eiinoaio anioe?aoe?? ?ii?a aei ?iiieo ia? (EA) oa ?iiieo
o??eiee?a (EO); ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa oai?aoe/ii
?ic?aoiaaieo eiinoaio ?iiii? anioe?aoe??, ?ic?iaea aeaeo?ie?oieo nenoai,
ia?niaeoeaieo aeey noai?aiiy c?aceiaeo cania?a iia??ee
eiiaeoeoiiao?e/ieo i?eeaae?a a ae?aiacii? aei???a ieoiii? AI ieae/a,
i?ae 10-3 Ni/i.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia:
-cai?iiiiiaaii iiao iaoiaeeeo ia?iaee aenia?eiaioaeueieo
eiiaeoeoiiao?e/ieo aeaieo aeey 1-1 aeaeo?ie?o?a o ?ic/eiieeao c
iecueeith AeI, ui aeicaiey? iaeii/anii aecia/eoe a?aie/io iiey?io
aeaeo?e/io i?ia?aei?noue (AIAI) ?ii?a oa ?iiieo o??eiee?a, a oaeiae
eiinoaioe anioe?aoe?? ?ii?a aei ?iiieo ia? oa o??eiee?a.
I?aoeacaeaoi?noue iaoiaeeee i?i?ethno?iaaii ia i?eeeaae? ?ic/ei?a 1-1
aeaeo?ie?o?a a iaoeeaoeaoao?, iaoeeoi?i?ao?, AA oa noi?o? AI;
-aeiaaaeaii, ui aaeaeaaoiee iien aenia?eiaioaeueii? eiioeaio?aoe?eii?
caeaaeiino? iiey?ii? AI ?ic/ei?a 1-1 aeaeo?ie?o?a o ?ic/eiieeao c
iecueeith AeI iiaeeeaee eeoa i?e a?aooaaii? iiaeae? ??aiiaaa ooai?aiiy
?iiieo ia? oa ?iiieo o??eiee?a;
-aia?oa iieacaii, ui oaiia?aoo?i? ci?ie aia?a?? A?aana iaeoeii?anueei?
i?ae?iiii? aca?iiae?? (DAG*+-) aeey 1-1 aeaeo?ie?o?a a ?ic/eiieeao c
iecueeith AeI, ia a?aei?io a?ae ?ic/eiiee?a c na?aaeiueith AeI,
iaoiiaeai? ia o?eueee ci?iaie ei?ioeiae?th/i? neeaaeiai? a?eueii?
aia?a?? aeeiieueii? aca?iiae?? a ?ic/eiieeo, aea e cia/iei aianeii a?ae
aia?a?? ?ii-aeeiieueii? aca?iiae??;
-aia?oa anoaiiaeaii, ui a ?ic/eiieeao c iecueeeie cia/aiiyie AeI aia?a?y
A?aana iaeoeii?anueei? i?ae?iiii? aca?iiae?? ca aaniethoiith aaee/eiith
a?eueoa, i?ae o ?ic/eiieeao c na?aaei?i cia/aiiyi AeI. Ca?eueoaiiy
aaniethoieo cia/aiue iaeoeii?anueei? neeaaeiai? a anioe?aoe?th ?ii?a i?e
ciaioaii? AeI iaoiiaeaii ?inoii aia?aaoe/ieo cao?ao ia aeo?niaiiy
iieaeoe ?ic/eiieea ?c nieueaaoieo iaieiiie ?ii?a;
-c aiae?co ao?aeoe?eiiai eiao?oe??ioa oa?oy iaeiica?yaeieo ?ii?a aia?oa
anoaiiaeaii, ui e?iaoe/ia nieueaaoaoe?y iaeiica?yaeieo ?ii?a
iineaaeth?oueny ?c c?inoaiiyi oaiia?aoo?e, ?aae?ona eao?iia,
ae?aeaeo?e/ii? i?iieeiino? ?ic/eiieea oa i?e ia?aoiae? a?ae i?ioiiieo
?ic/eiiee?a aei ai?ioiiieo. Aia?oa aeyaeaii, ui a i?ioiiieo ?ic/eiieeao
c iecueeeie cia/aiiyie AeI oaiia?aoo?i? ci?ie ao?aeoe?eiiai eiao?oe??ioa
oa?oy a?eueo cia/i?. Iieacaii, ui anoaiiaeai? caeiiii??iino? iaoiiaeai?
ciaioaiiyi aeeiai?/ieo ei?aeyoe?e i?ae aeeiieyie iieaeoe oa ?iiii;
-oia?oa ia i?aenoaa? ii??aiyeueiiai aiae?co aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa
oai?aoe/ii ?ic?aoiaaieo eiinoaio anioe?aoe?? ?ii?a aei ?iiieo o??eiee?a
iieacaii, ui ?o ??cieoey (DlgKT) iiaea neoaeeoe e?euee?niith i??ith
iaeoeii?anueeeo i?ae?iiieo aca?iiae?e, iaoiiaeaieo ia?ae?eaaiiyi
nieueaaoieo iaieiiie ?ii?a. Aia?oa anoaiiaeaia ei?aeyoe?y i?ae aia?a??th
A?aana iaeoeii?anueei? aca?iiae?? aeey ?iiieo o??eiee?a (DG*T) oa
iaeoeii?anueei? neeaaeiai? aia?a?? aeeiieueii? aca?iiae?? (DdF*) a
oe?ieiio ?ioa?aae? oaiia?aoo? a AA ? noi?o? AI. Neiaaoiee oa?aeoa?
iie?oa?i DG*T ? DdF* na?ae/eoue i?i aieea no?oeoo?iiai noaio ?ic/eiieea
ia ei?ioeiae?th/o neeaaeiao i?ae?iiii? aca?iiae?? i?e ooai?aii? ?iiieo
o??eiee?a;
– aia?oa io?eiaii iia? aeai? c ieoiii? AI, c AIAI oa eiinoaio
anioe?aoe?? ?ii?a aei ?iiieo ia? oa o??eiee?a; c aia?a?? A?aana
iaeoeii?anueei? i?ae?iiii? aca?iiae?? (DAG*+-), c ao?aeoe?eiiai
eiao?oe??ioo oa?oy (z*) aeey 1-1 aeaeo?ie?o?a a AA (i?e 278.15-318.15E),
noi?o? AI (i?e 298.15-368.15E), Aoe (i?e 278.15-318.15E); c aonoeie,
a’yceino? oa ae?aeaeo?e/ii? i?iieeiino? noi?o? AI o aeacaiiio aeua
?ioa?aae? oaiia?aoo?.
I?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue. Anoaiiaeai? caeiiii??iino? aieeao oaiia?aoo?e oa
i?e?iaee aeaeo?ie?oo ? ?ic/eiieea ia AI oa anioe?aoe?th ?ii?a
iiaeeaeththoue ?nioth/? oyaeaiiy i?i i?ioeane, ui a?aeaoaathoueny a
iaaiaeieo aeaeo?ie?oieo ?ic/eiao. Aeai? c eiinoaio anioe?aoe??
iaeiica?yaeieo ?ii?a iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? i?e ?ic?aooieao o?i?/ieo
??aiiaaa. Aeai? i?i AI 1-1 aeaeo?ie?o?a a AA iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai?
i?e ?ic?iaoe? o?i?/ieo aeaea?ae no?oio. Aia?oa caaaeyee noaa?eueiino? a
/an? oa a?aeoai?thaaiino? cia/aiue ieoiii? AI ?ic?iaeaii ? cai?iiiiiaaii
ye c?aceia? caniae aeey iao?ieia?/iiai caaacia/aiiy eiiaeoeoiiao?e/ieo
aiae?caoi??a ??aeeiieo na?aaeiaeu ?ic/eie NaClO4 a noi?o? AI (ianiaa
/anoea aooai-1-ieo 50 %) aeey ae?aiaciio ieoiii? aeaeo?e/ii?
i?ia?aeiino? ieae/a, i?ae 10-3 Ni/i. ?ic/eie ieoiii? AI ai?iaaaeaeaii a
iaa/aeueiee i?ioean oa i?e aeeiiaii? IAe? ia eaoaae?? o?ce/ii? o?i??
Ee?anueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i. Oa?ana Oaa/aiea.
Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a iieyaa? a io?eiaii? iaoeiaeo ?acoeueoao?a,
aeeeaaeaieo o aeena?oaoe??; a iinoaiiaoe? ? i?iaaaeaii? aenia?eiaioo oa
iaoaiaoe/ii? ia?iaee iaea?aeaieo aeaieo; i?iaaaeaii? aiae?co aeanieo oa
e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaieo, oeoia/aii? ?acoeueoao?a, oi?ioethaaii? aeniiae?a oa
ocaaaeueiaiue. Iaoaiaoe/io ia?iaeo aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo c AI
i?iaiaeeee c aeei?enoaiiyi i?ia?aiiiai iaeaoo “LOPT”, neeaaeaiiai
e.o.i., aeioe. Eaeoa?iei I.I. oa ?iae. Ieaooo?iei A.O.
Ioae?eaoe?? oa ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. Ca oaiith aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 6
noaooae o oaoiaeo aeaeaiiyo. Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?? aeieeaaeaii ia II
Ananithci?e eiioa?aioe?? “Oeiey e i?eiaiaiea iaaiaeiuo ?anoai?ia” (i.
Oa?e?a, 1989 ?.); I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? “I?iiuoeaiiinoue
no?ieiaoa?eaeia e no?ieeiaeono?ey, yia?ai- e ?ano?ninaa?aaeaiea a
oneiaeyo ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee” /anoeia 9. OIV iaoeia? /eoaiiy
“Iao/ii-oaoie/aneee i?ia?an a iaeanoe i?iiyeieiaee e yeieiae/aneee
iiieoi?eia” (i. A?eai?iae, 1997 ?.); XI I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe??
iieiaeeo a/aieo c o?i?? oa o?i?/ii? oaoiieia?? “IEOO-97” (i. Iineaa,
1997 ?.), VII I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? “I?iaeaiu nieueaaoaoeee e
eiiieaeniia?aciaaiey a ?anoai?ao” (i. ?aaiiai, 1998 ?.), ??
Oe?a?inueeiio aeaeo?io?i?/iiio c’?cae? (i. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, 1999 ?.).
No?oeoo?a oa ia’?i ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, 4-o
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae oa
aeiaeaoeo. Caaaeueiee ianya aeena?oaoe?? 137 noi??iie, 30 noi??iie
aeiaeaoeo, 40 oaaeeoeue, 23 ?enoiee. A?ae?ia?ao?y ia?aoiao? 215
iaeiaioaaiue.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
O anooi? iaa?oioiaaia aeooaeuei?noue oaie, noi?ioeueiaai? iaoa oa
iniiai? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy, iieacaia iaoeiaa iiaecia ? i?aeoe/ia
oe?ii?noue ?iaioe.
Ia?oee ?icae?e i?enay/aii e?oa?aoo?iiio iaeyaeo niinia?a iieno
eiioeaio?aoe?eii? caeaaeiino? AI ?c caeo/aiiyi oyaeaiue i?i
i?ae/anoeieia? aca?iiae?? a ?ic/eiao aeaeo?ie?o?a oa aia?aoo
noaoenoe/ii? iaoai?ee. ?icaeyaeathoueny no/ani? oai??? anioe?aoe?? ?ii?a
aei ?iiieo ia? oa ?iiieo o??eiee?a, ?o ia?aaaae oa iaiaaeaiiy. Iaaaaeaii
iaea?eueo iioe?ai? oai?aoe/i? ??aiyiiy aeey eiinoaio anioe?aoe?? ?ii?a
aei ?iiieo ia? oa ?iiieo o??eiee?a. I?iaiae?ciaaii oai???, ye?
iienothoue ?iiio a?aie/io iiey?io aeaeo?e/io i?ia?aei?noue oa ?? ca’ycie
?c aeanoeainoyie ?ic/eiieea oa ?iia.
O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? iaaaaeaii iaa?oiooaaiiy aeai?o iaoiaeee oa ia’?eo?a
aeine?aeaeaiiy. C iaoith ooi/iaiiy oai?aoe/ieo oyaeaiue i?i ?iii?
??aiiaaae, ye? ?niothoue a ?ic/eiao aeaeo?ie?o?a o ?ic/eiieeao c
iecueeith AeI oa c iaoith ia?aa??ee io?eiaieo ?ai?oa caeiiii??iinoae
(iayai?noue aeno?aioi?a ia iie?oa?iao lgKA 1-1 aeaeo?ie?o?a a i-nie?oao;
a?aeoeeaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueieo ?cioa?i lgKA a?ae oai?aoe/ii ?ic?aoiaaieo
ca aeaeo?inoaoe/ieie oai??yie aeey i?ioiiieo oa ai?ioiiieo ?ic/eiiee?a ?
o.?.) a aeai?e ?iaio? aeeiiaii aeine?aeaeaiiy 1-1 aeaeo?ie?o?a o
?ic/eiieeao c iecueeith AeI oa ??ciei oa?aeoa?ii i?aeiieaeoey?ii?
aca?iiae??: AA (e298=6.0) oa noi?o AI (e298=7.3). Aeey ii??aiyiiy aoei
aea?aii aoeaoii, yeee ia? na?aaei? cia/aiiy AeI (e298=20.8).
Ca iaoiaeeeaie, iienaieie a e?oa?aoo??, aoei aei??yii aonoeio (d),
a’yce?noue (h) oa ae?aeaeo?e/io i?iieei?noue (e) AA i?e oaiia?aoo?ao
278.15-318.15E oa noi?o? AI i?e 298.15-368.15E. A ?iaio? a ?ioa?aae?
eiioeaio?aoe?e 1*10-4-1*10-2 iieue/aei3 aei??yia ieoiia AI ?ic/ei?a: a)
LiClI4, NaClO4, NaBPh4 oa Bu4NClO4 a AA i?e oaiia?aoo?ao 278.15-318.15E;
a) NaClO4, NaBPh4, Bu4NClO4 a noi?o? AI a ?ioa?aae? oaiia?aoo?
298.15-368.15E; a) NaBPh4, Bu4NBr, Bu4NBPh4 a Aoe a ?ioa?aae? oaiia?aoo?
278.15-318.15E.
Iienaii iaoiaeeee i?aeaioiaee ia’?eo?a aeine?aeaeaiiy. ?ic/eie aiooaaee
a?aa?iao?e/iei iaoiaeii. Aeaeo?e/iee ii?? ?ic/ei?a aei??thaaee ca
aeiiiiiaith iinoa ci?iiiai no?oio ? 5083 ia /anoio? 1 eAoe a eii??eao c
ieaoeiiaaieie ieaoeiiaeie aeaeo?iaeaie. I?aenoieiaa iioeaea aecia/aiiy
AI neeaaeaea 0.6-0.8 %, aonoeie – 0.1-0.2 %, a’yceino? – 0.2-0.3 %,
ae?aeaeo?e/ii? i?iieeiino? – 0.4-0.5 % a caeaaeiino? a?ae oaiia?aoo?e.
Noaiaea?oi? ?ic/eie ieoiii? aeaeo?e/ii? i?ia?aeiino?. Aeine?aeaeaiiy
ieoiii? AI ?ic/ei?a NaClO4 a noi?o? AI /a?ac 1, 3, 6 oa 12 i?nyoe?a
iieacaee, ui aiia a?aeoai?th?oueny i?ioyaii ?ieo a ?ioa?aae? oaiia?aoo?
298-368E, ui aeaei i?aenoaao cai?iiiioaaoe ?o aeey aeei?enoaiiy ye
noaiaea?oieo cania?a aeey a?aaeothaaiiy ??aeeiieo eiiaeoeoiiao??a o
ae?aiacii? aei??thaaiue ieoiii? AI ieae/a, i?ae 10-3 Ni/i, yeee ia
caaacia/aiee iaae?eieie caniaaie iia??ee.
O?ao?e ?icae?e i?enay/aii iaa?oiooaaiith aeai?o iiaeae? ??aiiaaa o
?ic/ei? oa ia?iaoe? ?acoeueoao?a eiiaeoeoiiao?e/iiai aenia?eiaioo.
Iaoiaeeea ia?iaee aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo c aeaeo?e/ii? i?ia?aeiino?.
I?e ia?iaoe? aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo a ?ic/eiieeao c iecueeith AeI
a?aoiaoaaee aea? iiaeae? ?iiii? ??aiiaaae. Ca?aeii ia?oi? iiaeae? (?)
(Nooio?i, A??ai) a?aee aei oaaae ??aiiaaao anioe?aoe?? ?ii?a o?eueee aei
?iiieo ia?. A iaaeao ae?oai? iiaeae? (Ooinn, Naeiiii, Aa?oaeue oa ?io?)
iaeii/anii a?aoiaoaaee ??aiiaaae anioe?aoe?? ?ii?a aei ?iiieo ia? (I) oa
o??eiee?a (IIa) ? (IIa)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, (I)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 (IIa)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 (IIa)
aea E1 = EA, a E2 = E3 = EO.
Ia?iaeo aenia?eiaioaeueieo eiiaeoeoiiao?e/ieo aeaieo o iaaeao iiaeae?
?iiii? ??aiiaaae (I) i?iaiaeeee ca ??aiyiiyie E?-O?oiia aeey AI oa
ae?oaiai iaaeeaeaiiy oai??? Aeaaay-Otheaey aeey eiao?oe??io?a aeoeaiino?
c aeei?enoaiiyi ne?aeoth/eo aa??aio?a iioei?caoe??: 1) ca o?ueiia
ia?aiao?aie (lo, KA, R); 2) ca aeaiia ia?aiao?aie (lo, KA) i?e
caaeaaaii? a?aenoai? iaea?eueoiai caeeaeaiiy ii A’???oio ? 3) ca aeaiia
ia?aiao?aie (lo, KA) c o?eniaaiei cia/aiiyi a?aenoai? iaea?eueoiai
caeeaeaiiy ?ii?a ca iiaeaeeth Aa?oaea: R=r++r-+ndS, aea r+ ? r- –
?aae?one ?ii?a, dS – ae?aiao? iieaeoee ?ic/eiieea, n – /enei iieaeoe
?ic/eiieea. n i?e??aithaaee 0 aeey aaeeeeo neaainieueaaoiaaieo
oao?aaee?eaiii??aeo ?ii?a oa ai?ii?a ? n=1 – aeey ?ii?a eoaeieo iaoae?a.
Aoei i?iaaaeaii oaeiae ?ic?aooiee lo oa ia?aiao?a iaea?eueoiai
caeeaeaiiy ?ii?a ca ??aiyiiyie na?aaeiueinoa?e/iiai iaaeeaeaiiy aeey
eiao?oe??io?a aeoeaiino? (MSA) oa AI (MSAT) (aa??aio 4). Eiinoaioo
?iiii? anioe?aoe?? i?e oeueiio ?ic?aoiaoaaee ca ??aiyiiyi Aaae?iaa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. (1)
Ia?iaeo eiiaeoeoiiao?e/ieo aeaieo aeey iiaeae? (I) i?iaiaeeee ca
i?ia?aiiei iaeaoii “LOPT” (aaoi?e Eaeoa?i I.I., Ieaooo?i A.O.).
I?e ?ic?aooieao li, EA oa R a?aoiaoaaee e?eoa??e E?-O?oiia aeey aeai?o
iaeneiaeueii? eiioeaio?aoe??, aei yei? ooai?aiiyi ?iiieo o??eiee?a
iiaeia ciaoooaaoe (n?iaen.=9.1*10-15(eO)3 iieue/aei3). Aeey ?ic/ei?a
aeaeo?ie?o?a a AA oa noi?o? AI aaee/eie li oa R, ?ic?aoiaai? ca
??aiyiiyie na?aaeiueinoa?e/iiai iaaeeaeaiiy iathoue a?aeoeeaiiy, ye? ia
2-3 ii?yaeee ia?aaeuothoue naio aaee/eio, yea iioei?coaaeanue. Ie??i
oiai, ?c ca?eueoaiiyi eiioeaio?aoe?? aeenia?n?y ai?ieneiaoe??
ci?ith?oueny ia aeiaaeeiaei /eiii, a nenoaiaoe/ii ca?eueoo?oueny. I?e
oeueiio aeyaeaii a?aeoeeaiiy a?ae aeeiiaiiy caeiio Eieue?aooa. Aaee/eie
li oa EA aeey 1-1 aeaeo?ie?o?a a AA ? noi?o? AI, ?ic?aoiaai? c
aeei?enoaiiyi iiaeae? Aa?oaea aeey R, aoee caieaeaieie ? oaeiae
iaaeinoia??ieie, i?i ui na?ae/aoue a?aeoeeaiiy a?ae caeiio Eieue?aooa.
Aiaeia?/ia neooaoe?y aoea iienaia a e?oa?aoo?? i?e aecia/aii? lo ? lgEA
aeey 1-1 aeaeo?ie?o?a a oao?aa?ae?ioo?ai?, iaoeeoi?i?ao?, iaoeeaoeaoao?.
Oe? a?aeoeeaiiy iiyniththoueny ciaoooaaiiyi ooai?aiiy ?iiieo aa?aaao?a
a?eueo aenieiai nooiaiy (o??eiee?a, eaaae?oiie?a ? o.?.). Ia i?aenoaa?
aeanieo ?ic?aooie?a oa iieno e?oa?aoo?e ae?eoee aeniiaeo, ui aaeaeaaoiee
iien eiioeaio?aoe?eii? caeaaeiino? AI 1-1 aeaeo?ie?o?a o ?ic/eiieeao c
iecueeith AeI iiaeeeai cae?enieoe c o?aooaaiiyi noeoiiino? ??aiiaaa (I)
oa (IIa), (IIa).
A aeaiee /an ?nioaaiiy o??eiee?a ? iaa?oue a?eueo neeaaeieo ?iiieo
anioe?ao?a a na?aaeiaeuao c iecueeith AeI aeiaaaeaii aaaaoueia
aenia?eiaioaeueieie iaoiaeaie (?E-niaeo?ineii?y, iiey?ia?ao?y,
?aioaaiia?ao?y, ianniaeo?ineii?y) oa iaoiaeii eiii’thoa?iiai
iiaeaethaaiiy. A?aeiia?aeii aei oai??? Ooinna, o aeiaaeeo ooai?aiiy
?iiieo o??eiee?a, caeaaei?noue l*Oen a?ae n iiaeiia aooe aeecueea aei
e?i?eii?, ui ae?enii aeeiio?oueny aeey ?ic/ei?a 1-1 aeaeo?ie?o?a a AA oa
noi?o? AI. A Aoe oey caeaaei?noue a aeine?aeaeaiiio ?ioa?aae?
eiioeaio?aoe?e a?aeoeey?oueny a?ae e?i?eii?, ui iaoiiaeaii anioe?aoe??th
?ii?a o?eueee aei ?iiieo ia?. A Aoe aaeaeiny i?iaanoe iioei?caoe?th
cia/aiue lo oa lgEA (iiaeaeue ??aiiaaae (I)) ca ia?ae?/aieie aeua
aa??aioaie. Io?eiai? cia/aiiy lo oa lgEA iathoue i?i?iaeuei? iioeaee i?e
caaeaaaii? ia?aiao?o iaea?eueoiai caeeaeaiiy ?ii?a ii Aa?oaeo. Oaeei
/eiii, aeey iieno eiioeaio?aoe?eii? caeaaeiino? iiey?ii? AI ?ic/ei?a 1-1
aeaeo?ie?o?a a AA ? noi?o? AI a ?ioa?aae? eiioeaio?aoe?e 1*10-4?1*10-2
iieue/aei3 iaiao?aeii a?aoiaoaaoe ooai?aiiy ?iiieo o??eiee?a, a oie /an
ye a Aoe aeineoue a?aoiaoaaoe anioe?aoe?th ?ii?a o?eueee aei ?iiieo ia?.
Aeey ?ic?aooie?a AIAI ? eiinoaio anioe?aoe?? i?e a?aooaaii? ??aiiaaa (I)
? (II) iaie iiaeeo?eiaaii noeoiiee iaoiae ia?iaee eiiaeoeoiiao?e/ieo
aeaieo. Aeey iieno eiioeaio?aoe?eii? caeaaeiino? iiey?ii? AI ?ic/ei?a
1-1 aeaeo?ie?o?a a AA oa noi?o? AI aeei?enoiaoaaee ?icoe?aia ??aiyiiy
E?-O?oiia aeey ianeiao?e/ieo oa neeaaeiianioe?eiaaieo aeaeo?ie?o?a.
??aiiaaaei? eiioeaio?aoe?? a ?ic/ei? ciaoiaeeee ca iaoiaeii A??iee? c
o?aooaaiiyi eiao?oe??io?a aeoeaiino?. Nenoaio iae?i?eieo ??aiyiue aeey
iieno eiioeaio?aoe?eii? caeaaeiino? AI, eiao?oe??io?a aeoeaiino?, caeiio
ae?th/eo ian oa iaoa??aeueiiai aaeaino ae??ooaaee a?aeiinii aaeoi?o
iaa?aeiieo ia?aiao??a
X=X (li, liO, lgKA, lgKT,t+D, t+T, R), (2)
aea lio – AIAI ?iiieo o??eiee?a, a t+D oa t+T – oiiai? /enea ia?aiino
aeey eao?ii?a oa iiceoeaii ca?yaeaeaieo ?iiieo o??eiee?a. No?ee?noue
iioei?caoe?? caeaaeeoue a?ae aeecueeino? ii/aoeiaeo iaaeeaeaiue
ia?aiao??a lo, lio, lgKA, lgKT oa ?o iioeiaeueieo cia/aiue oa a?ae
i?aaeeueiino? aeai?o o?eniaaieo ia?aiao??a aeey t+D, t+T ? R. Ii/aoeia?
cia/aiiy aeey lo caaeaaaee ca aeiiiiiaith i?aaeea
Iena?aeaanueeiai-Aaeueaeaia (IA) c aeei?enoaiiyi e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaieo c
lii a ai?ioiiieo ?ic/eiieeao aeey AA oa i?ioiiieo ?ic/eiieeao – aeey
noi?o? AI. Oe? ae na?aaeiueinoaoenoe/i? e?oa?aoo?i? aeai? i?i lii
aeei?enoiaoaaee ? i?e ?ic?aooieao oiiaieo /enae ia?aiino aeey eao?ii?a,
t+D=lo+/(lo++lo-). Iaoiaeii neaioaaiiy aoei aecia/aii /enea ia?aiino
t+T=0.45 aeey iiceoeaii ca?yaeaeaieo ?iiieo o??eiee?a, ye? i?noyoue ?iie
Li+ ? Na+ oa t+T=0.40 aeey iiceoeaii ca?yaeaeaieo o??eiee?a c
Bu4N+-?iiii. Ia?aiao? iaea?eueoiai caeeaeaiiy ?ii?a caaeaaaee ca
iiaeaeeth Aa?oaea. I?e iioei?caoe?? ii/aoeia? iaaeeaeaiiy aeey loT,
lgKA, lgKT ci?ithaaee aei io?eiaiiy o?ce/ii ?icoiieo aaee/ei
iioei?ciaaieo ia?aiao??a c i?i?iaeueieie aeia??/ei ?ioa?aaeii oa
aeenia?n??th ai?ieneiaoe??. A oaaeeoe? 1 iaaaaeaii aaee/eie AIAI oa
eiinoaio anioe?aoe??, iaea?aeai? aeey 1-1 aeaeo?ie?o?a a aoeaoii? c
o?aooaaiiyi i?e iien? eiioeaio?aoe?eii? caeaaeiino? AI ??aiiaaae (I), a
a AA oa noi?o? AI – ??aiiaaa (I) oa (IIa, IIa). A?aeiioaiiy loT/lo
(oaae. 1) ci?ith?oueny a iaaeao 0.53?0.90 a caeaaeiino? a?ae i?e?iaee
?iio oa oaiia?aoo?e ? ia aei??aith? 1/3 aai 2/3, ye i?eeia?oueny a
e?oa?aoo??.
*aoaa?oee ?icae?e i?enay/aiee iaaiai?aiith ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue.
?ooii?noue oa ?ii-iieaeoey?i? aca?iiae?? iaeiica?yaeieo ?ii?a. Noia?i?
AIAI, ye? oa?aeoa?ecothoue aeaeo?ie?o a oe?eiio, ia aeathoue ?ioi?iaoe??
i?i aeanoeaino? ie?aieo ?ii?a. Aeey iaea?aeaiiy cia/aiue ?iiieo AI (loi)
a AA ? noi?o? AI aeei?enoiaoaaee oiiai? /enea ia?aiino. Aaee/eie loi a
Aoe i?e 298.15 E aoee ?ic?aoiaai? c aeei?enoaiiyi e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaieo
i?i /enea ia?aiino. Oaiia?aoo?ia caeaaei?noue ?iiii? AI aecia/a?oueny ye
oaiia?aoo?ieie ci?iaie a’yceino? ?ic/eiieea, oae ? iayai?noth
aaeueioth/eo aoaeo?a, iia’ycaieo c ?ii-iieaeoey?iith aca?iiae??th. Aeey
iiyniaiiy oaiia?aoo?ii? caeaaeiino? aaee/ei loi a oa?i?iao
?ii-iieaeoey?ii? aca?iiae?? oa iaoai?cio ?ooo iieaeoe ?ic/eiieea
aeei?enoiaoaaee ?aea? iieaeoey?ii? oai??? Aie?iana. Aeo?aeiith
iiceoe??th oai??? ? ?iciiae?e eiao?oe??ioa oa?oy V ia neeaaeia?,
coiiaeai? “aei?noeeie” a?aeooiaooaaeueieie aca?iiae?yie (Vo) oa
“i’yeeie” i?eoyaoaaeueieie (ao?aeoe?eieie) ?ii-iieaeoey?ieie
aca?iiae?yie (V*).
V=zeF/loi =4prih+V*. (3)
Eiao?oe??io ao?aeoe?eiiai oa?oy V* ia/enethaaee ca ??aiyiiyi (3) ca
aenia?eiaioaeueieie cia/aiiyie loi. Iie?oa?ie ao?aeoe?eiiai eiao?oe??ioa
oa?oy *, io?eiai? c e?oa?aoo?ieo (aoeaoii?o?ee, iaoaiie) oa aeanieo
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo i?i AIAI iaeiica?yaeieo ?ii?a, iiaeaii ia
?en.1.
Oaaeeoey 1 – A?aie/i? iiey?i? aeaeo?e/i? i?ia?aeiino?, eiinoaioe
anioe?aoe?? ?ii?a aei ?iiieo ia? oa ?iiieo o??eiee?a ? DlgKT=lgKTaeni.-
lgKToai?. a AA, noi?o? AI ? Aoe
T, Kli,
Ni*i2/iieueloT,
Ni*i2/iieue lg (EA, aei3/iieue)lg (ET, aei3/iieue)sl,
Ni*i2/iieue
DlgKTloT/lo12345678AA-LiClO4278.15108.1±2.382.8±2.88.92±0.022.16±0.051.5
1*10-3-0.850.77288.15126.0±2.190.2±2.39.02±0.242.31±0.232.68*10-3-0.610.
72298.15141.3±3.7106.0±3.89.10±0.042.30±0.102.72*10-3-0.540.75308.15157.
5±7.8125.5±7.89.20±0.042.38±0.052.48*10-3-0.390.80318.15176.9±6.5134.6±5
.39.29±0.042.40±0.062.39*10-3-0.300.76AA-NaClO4278.15116.7±7.685.2±6.09.
08±0.012.10±0.041.53*10-1-0.720.73288.15134.5±1094.0±9.69.13±0.072.12±0.
061.49*10-1-0.610.70298.15149.2±1.6102.2±1.39.17±0.012.19±0.021.74*10-1-
0.470.69308.15166.8±5.1116.3±5.69.21±0.032.16±0.031.70*10-1-0.430.70318.
15186.3±6.7130.1±4.79.26±0.032.14±0.031.53*10-1-0.400.70AA-NaBPh4278.158
0.3±0.651.0±1.24.91±0.013.43±0.181.42*10-11.510.63288.1590.5±8.953.9±3.3
4.90±0.093.72±0.801.89*10-11.830.59298.15102.2±4.658.6±0.64.93±0.053.40±
0.131.27*10-11.550.57308.15113.9±1.661.1±2.14.95±0.023.49±0.211.55*10-11
.670.54318.15132.6±1.270.2±2.95.08±0.013.48±0.013.43*10-11.690.53AA-Bu4N
ClO4298.15142.7±5.4109.2±5.17.68±0.032.49±0.031.43*10-20.730.77303.15150
.4±3.1114.7±3.57.69±0.022.49±0.031.50*10-20.760.76308.15161.0±2.0117.0±5
.37.71±0.022.51±0.031.64*10-20.780.73313.15167.7±1.8126.3±3.37.71±0.042.
41±0.031.70*10-20.700.75318.15177.6±3.3137.3±3.87.72±0.022.53±0.041.67*1
0-20.820.77Noi?o
AI-NaClO4298.1537.1±0.222.3±0.26.40±0.012.50±0.101.55*10-20.480.68308.15
45.3±1.931.4±1.06.71±0.042.54±0.061.35*10-20.400.69I?iaeiaaeaiiy
oaaeeoe?
112345678338.1585.6±4.862.4±5.37.84±0.052.50±0.096.51*10-2-0.390.73348.1
5102.6±0.572.8±0.58.23±0.012.49±0.065.72*10-2-0.530.71358.15121.0±9.183.
5±9.58.63±0.062.58±0.083.89*10-2-0.620.69368.15137.7±6.694.4±8.18.99±0.0
42.57±0.062.03*10-2-0.960.69Noi?o
AI-NaBPh4298.1525.4±0.122.3±0.04.32±0.012.38±0.014.88*10-20.840.88308.15
35.2±4.324.4±7.94.71±0.132.65±0.267.74*10-21.050.84318.1542.6±0.137.9±0.
14.94±0.012.37±0.017.43*10-20.670.89328.1552.5±7.243.5±4.25.24±0.132.32±
0.195.75*10-20.520.83338.1565.6±0.159.4±0.15.60±0.012.34±0.025.52*10-20.
380.91348.1577.6±0.168.3±0.15.89±0.012.32±0.045.09*10-20.300.88358.1590.
8±0.278.5±0.16.23±0.012.41±0.033.43*10-20.310.86368.15106.3±2.581.4±0.16
.63±0.022.65±0.032.35*10-20.400.77Noi?o
AI-Bu4NClO4298.1539.5±1.729.0±1.96.37±0.042.42±0.041.28*10-20.930.74308.
1548.1±0.633.3±0.46.54±0.012.46±0.021.24*10-20.920.69318.1560.6±0.140.8±
0.06.79±0.012.50±0.011.14*10-20.870.67328.1571.6±0.950.0±1.27.02±0.012.5
1±0.029.01*10-30.800.70338.1590.2±1.159.7±1.57.31±0.012.52±0.027.79*10-3
0.680.66348.15107.1±0.171.6±0.17.57±0.012.56±0.016.28*10-30.670.67358.15
124.7±0.684.2±0.57.82±0.012.59±0.015.81*10-30.640.68368.15145.8±0.398.0±
0.18.09±0.012.63±0.014.82*10-30.560.67Aoe-NaBPh4278.15116.9±0.4-1.80±0.8
4-0.50–288.15130.1±0.4-1.81±0.81-0.51–298.15143.8±0.5-1.80±0.86-0.62–
308.15158.0±0.4-1.81±0.78-0.56–318.15173.5±0.5-1.85±0.83-0.66–Aoe-Bu4N
Br278.15152.7±0.6-2.44±1.00-0.64–288.15169.7±0.5-2.49±0.98-0.62–I?iaei
aaeaiiy oaaeeoe?
112345678298.15187.0±0.6-2.52±0.70-0.69–308.15204.7±0.1-2.58±0.97-0.63-
-318.15223.1±0.6-2.63±1.00-0.66–Aoe-Bu4NBPh4278.15105.9±0.6-1.82±1.00-0
.61–288.15117.7±0.6-1.83±1.00-0.65–298.15130.3±0.8-1.86±1.04-0.78–308
.15143.0±0.8-1.88±1.04-0.84–318.15157.1±0.9-1.97±1.15-0.87–?ai?oa ia
eaoaae?? iai?aai?/ii? o?i?? OAeO aoei iieacaii, ui ao?aeoe?eiee
eiao?oe??io oa?oy e?euee?nii oa?aeoa?eco? aeeaeith nieueaaoaoe?th ?ii?a
a oa?i?iao iiceoeaii? (V*>0) oa iaaaoeaii? (V*0, a aeey
iaaaoeaii ca?yaeaeaieo V*
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