EUeA?ANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE OI?AA?NEOAO
?IAI? ?AAIA O?AIEA
OAeE 535.343.2,535.548:537.226.4
IEUEOEI I?ANO ssEIAE*
?AO?AEOe?EI? AEANOEAINO? E?ENOAE?A NOEUeOAO?A ? NAEAIAO?A A IAEANO?
OACIAEO IA?AOIAe?A
01.04.10 – o?ceea iai?ai?ia?aeiee?a oa ae?aeaeo?ee?a
A A O I ? A O A ? A O
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa o?ceei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoe
EUeA?A -1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? o?ceee iaoae?a Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? o?ceei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoe,
aeioeaioAIAe???ANUeEEE AIAAeAI A?EOI?IAE*Euea?anueeee aea?aeaaiee
oi?aa?neoao ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea, eaoaae?a o?ceee iaoae?a
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? o?ceei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? IIEIAEIEI
?AI? ?AAIIAE* Euea?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea,
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e caaaeueii? o?ceeeaeieoi? o?ceei-iaoaiaoe/ieo
iaoe,IEOeEE AIAAeAI A?EAI?IAE* ?inoeooo eini?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue IAI
Oe?a?ie i.Ee?a
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: ?inoeooo o?ceee IAI Oe?a?ie, a?aeae?e ?aciiiinieo
yaeu, i.Ee?a.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 13 aeiaoiy 1999 ?ieo i 15aiae. 30oa. ia
can?aeaii? Niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 35.051.09 i?e Euea?anueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea ca aae?anith:
290005, i.Euea?a, aoe. Ae?aaiiaiiaa, 50.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a iaoeia?e a?ae?ioaoe?
Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea (i.Euea?a,
aoe. Ae?aaiiaiiaa, 5).
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 8 aa?aniy 1999 ?ieo.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
Niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
aeieoi? o?ceei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoe,
i?ioani? E.O.AEAAEE?ANUeEEE
Caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Aeine?aeaeaiiy naaiaoiaeaeo?ee?a aeioaia? ?
ooiaeaiaioaeueiei iai?yiii o?ceee, iia’ycaiei c aea/aiiyi i?e?iaee
no?oeoo?ieo oaciaeo ia?aoiae?a o oaa?aeiio o?e?. C oi/ee ci?o
i?e?ineii?/ieo iaoai?ci?a oaciaeo ia?aoiae?a o e?enoaeao aaaeeeaei ?
aea/aiiy iniaeeainoae aeaeo?iiii? i?aenenoaie, yea oi?io? o?i?/iee
ca’ycie i?ae aoiiaie oa aeaeo?ii-oiiiiio aca?iiae?th ? aecia/a? iniiai?
o?ce/i? aeanoeaino? e?enoae?a. Oi/a a?aeiii, ui aeaeo?iiia i?aenenoaia
naaiaoiaeaeo?e/iiai e?enoaea aaciina?aaeiuei ia aiineoue cia/iiai
aeeaaeo o aaee/eio niiioaiii? iiey?ecaoe??, iaeiae naia a?ae ??
iniaeeainoae caeaaeeoue aeieeiaiiy no?oeoo?ii? ianoaa?eueiino? ?
ianooiiee oaciaee ia?ao?ae. ?ao?aeoe?ei? oa?aeoa?enoeee e?enoae?a
ae?aeaeo?ee?a a iaeano? ?o i?ici?ino?, cie?aia iieacieee caeiieaiiy,
ianooue iniiaio ?ioi?iaoe?th i?i ?o aeaeo?iiio i?aenenoaio, a
?ioa?oa?aioe?ei? iaoiaee aeathoue ciiao ?a?no?oaaoe oiie? ci?ie i?e
oaciaeo ia?aoiaeao, ui e aecia/eei iai?yi aeine?aeaeaiue o aeai?e
?iaio?.
Ia’?eoaie aeine?aeaeaiiy aoee e?enoaee o?eae?oeeinoeueoaoo (OAN),
(CH2NH2COOH)3*H2SO4, ? aeeiaoeeaiii?eaethi?i?enoeueoaoo (AeIAAN),
(CH3)2NH2Al(SO4)2*6H2O, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoueny o?eueee ia?aaeaeo?e/ieie ?
naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ieie oacaie, oa e?enoaee aiii?y a?ae?inaeaiaoo (AAN),
NH4HSeO4, ? eae?y naeaiaoo (EN), K2SeO4, o yeeo iayai? ua e ianoi??i?
oace. Iacaaaeath/e ia aaea a?aeiiee aii??e/iee iaoa??ae i?i iioe/i? oa
aeaeo?io?ce/i? aeanoeaino? oeeo e?enoae?a, iiaaae?iea ?o aeaeo?iiieo
i?aenenoai a iaeano? oaciaeo ia?aoiae?a aeine?aeaeaia ua iaaeinoaoiuei.
Cie?aia, a?aenooi? nenoaiaoe/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy, ui a?oioothoueny ia
?aoaeueiiio ii??aiyii? oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae iioe/ieo oa
aeaeo?io?ce/ieo ia?aiao??a oeeo e?enoae?a. O iiia?aaei?o aeine?aeaeaiiyo
iioe/ieo aeanoeainoae naaiaoiaeaeo?ee?a aaea aeneiaethaaeanue aeoiea i?i
iiaeeea?noue aeaui ??cieo oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae ia?aiao??a ??cieo
i?aenenoai e?enoaea a iaeano? oaciaiai ia?aoiaeo. ?icaeoeia? oe??? ?aea?
i?enay/ai? aeine?aeaeaiiy ?ao?aeoe?eieo aeanoeainoae ia?ae?/aieo aeua
ia’?eo?a o oaiia?aoo?ieo iaeanoyo no?oeoo?ieo oaciaeo ia?aoiae?a o
aeai?e ?iaio?.
Ca’ycie c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa
aaciina?aaeiuei iia’ycaia c aea?aeathaeaeaoieie ooiaeaiaioaeueieie
aeine?aeaeaiiyie, ye? aaaeooueny a eaai?aoi??? e?enoaeiiioeee eaoaae?e
aenia?eiaioaeueii? o?ceee Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai?
?aaia O?aiea ca i?iaeoii I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie “Aiiiaeueia iioe/ia
ai?cio?ii?y a ae?aeaeo?e/ieo oa iai?ai?ia?aeieeiaeo e?enoaeao” (? ae.?.
0197V018121, oaia Oa-284 A).
Iaoa oa iniiai? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iniiaiith iaoith
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aoee ii??aiyeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy oa?aeoa?o
oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae (oaiia?aoo?ii? e?oeee) iioe/ieo,
ae?aeaeo?e/ieo ? aeeeaoiiao?e/ieo ia?aiao??a iecee naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ieo
e?enoae?a a iaeano? oaciaeo ia?aoiae?a. Aeinyaiaiiy oe??? iaoe aeiaaaei
ae??oaiiy ianooiieo iniiaieo caaaeaiue:
1.Iiioaae ?ioa?oa?iiao?e/ii? onoaiiaee aeey i?aoeec?eieo aei??thaaiue
oaiia?aoo?ii? caeaaeiino? iioe/ii? ??cieoe? oiaeo i?iiai?a ca iieacieeii
caeiieaiiy e?enoaea oa ?ic?iaea iaoiaeeee ?icae?eaiiy oaiia?aoo?ieo
caeaaeiinoae iieacieea caeiieaiiy ? oiaueie c?acea.
2.Aeine?aeaeaiiy oaiia?aoo?ii? e?iaoeee iioe/ii? ??cieoe? oiaeo i?iiai?a
ca iieacieeii caeiieaiiy e?enoae?a a iaeanoyo naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ieo oaciaeo
ia?aoiae?a oa ia?aoiae?a o ianoi??io oaco.
3.Aeine?aeaeaiiy aeaeo?iiioe/ieo aeanoeainoae e?enoae?a a oaiia?aoo?i?e
iaeano? naaiaoiaeaeo?e/iiai oaciaiai ia?aoiaeo.
4.Aeine?aeaeaiiy oaiia?aoo?ii? e?iaoeee e?i?eiiai ?icoe?aiiy
naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ieo e?enoae?a a iaeano? oaciaeo ia?aoiae?a iaoiaeii
aenieioi/ii? aeeeaoiiao???.
5.Aeine?aeaeaiiy iniaeeainoae oaiia?aoo?ii? caeaaeiino? ae?aeaeo?e/ii?
i?iieeiino? e?enoae?a a iaeano? ianoi??ii? oace.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a:
· cai?iiiiiaaia ?aeay oa ?aae?ciaaia iioeei-?ioa?oa?iiao?e/ia iaoiaeeea
aei??thaaiiy oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae iieacieea caeiieaiiy oa
aaiiao?e/ii? oiaueie i?ici?eo ieineiia?aeaeueieo c?ace?a a iaeiiio
oaiia?aoo?iiio aenia?eiaio?;
· cai?iiiiiaaia ?aeay oa ?aae?ciaaia iioeei-?ioa?oa?iiao?e/ia iaoiaeeea
aecia/aiiy oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae iieacieea caeiieaiiy oa
aaiiao?e/ii? oiaueie iecueeineiao?e/ieo e?enoae?a ia iniia? aei??thaaiiy
oaiia?aoo?ieo ci?i iioe/ii? ??cieoe? oiaeo i?iiai?a o ??cieo aaiiao??yo
e?enoaeiiioe/iiai aenia?eiaioo;
· aeyaeaii, ui oa?aeoa?enoe/i? iieacieee noaiaiaaeo oaiia?aoo?ieo
caeaaeiinoae eaaae?aoa niiioaiii? iiey?ecaoe??, iieaciee?a caeiieaiiy oa
a?aeiiniiai e?i?eiiai aeaeiaaeaiiy a iaeano? naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ieo oaciaeo
ia?aoiae?a e?enoae?a OAN oa AeIAAN ia ni?aiaaeathoue, ui na?ae/eoue i?i
??ci? oaeaeeino? oaiia?aoo?ieo ci?i a?aeiia?aeieo i?ioean?a o oeeo
e?enoaeao;
· iieacaii, ui eiao?oe??ioe eaaae?aoe/iiai aeaeo?iiioe/iiai aoaeoo oa
aeaeo?ino?eeoe?? e?enoae?a OAN ? AeIAAN ciaioothoueny i?e iaaeeaeaii?
aei oaiia?aoo?e On naaiaoiaeaeo?e/iiai oaciaiai ia?aoiaeo, ui na?ae/eoue
i?i ??ci? oaeaeeino? ci?ie niiioaiii? iiey?ecaoe?? oa i?aenenoai
e?enoaea, ui aecia/athoue oaiia?aoo?io iiaaae?ieo iieaciee?a caeiieaiiy
oa e?i?eiiai aeaeiaaeaiiy;
· ia i?eeeaae? e?enoae?a OAN ? AeIAAN aia?oa iieacaii, ui i?e
oaiia?aoo?? On naaiaoiaeaeo?e/iiai oaciaiai ia?aoiaeo ia? i?noea
a?aeiinia ciaioaiiy na?aaeiueiai ca iiey?ecaoe?yie na?oea iieacieea
caeiieaiiy, ui na?ae/eoue i?i a?aeiinia iineaaeaiiy aoaeoeaieo o?i?/ieo
ca’yce?a;
· ia i?eeeaae? e?enoae?a OAN ? AeIAAN aia?oa iieacaii, ui i?e
oaiia?aoo?? On naaiaoiaeaeo?e/iiai oaciaiai ia?aoiaeo ia? i?noea
a?aeiinia ciaioaiiy eiao?oe??io?a ai?cio?ii?? iieacieea caeiieaiiy ?
e?i?eiiai ?icoe?aiiy, ui iiaea na?ae/eoe i?i a?aeiinio aii?o?caoe?th
e?enoae?/ii? no?oeoo?e;
· aeyaeaii oa?aeoa?enoe/io ia??iaee/i?noue oaiia?aoo?ii? caeaaeiino?
ae?aeaeo?e/ii? i?iieeiino? e?enoaea AAN a iaeano? ianoi??ii? oace, yea
na?ae/eoue i?i neaaeino?eaeiiiae?aio (eaac?iaia?a?aio) oaiia?aoo?io
caeaaei?noue oaeeueiaiai aaeoi?a e?enoaea.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa?:
· o ?ic?iaoe? iioeei-?ioa?oa?iiao?e/ii? iaoiaeeee aei??thaaiiy
oaiia?aoo?ieo ci?i iieacieea caeiieaiiy oa aaiiao?e/ii? oiaueie i?ici?eo
ieineiia?aeaeueieo c?ace?a a iaeiiio aenia?eiaio?;
· o ?ic?iaoe? iioeei-?ioa?oa?iiao?e/ii? iaoiaeeee aecia/aiiy
oaiia?aoo?ieo ci?i iieacieea caeiieaiiy oa aaiiao?e/ii? oiaueie
iecueeineiao?e/ieo e?enoae?a ia iniia? aei??thaaiiy oaiia?aoo?ieo ci?i
iioe/ii? ??cieoe? oiaeo i?iiai?a;
· a iaa?oiooaaii? aeniiaeo i?i iiaeeea?noue ??cieo iieaciee?a noaiaiaaeo
oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae oa?aeoa?enoe/ieo ia?aiao??a ??cieo i?aenenoai
e?enoaea i?e naaiaoiaeaeo?e/iiio oaciaiio ia?aoiae? 2-ai ?iaeo;
· o aaaaeaii? eiao?oe??io?a ai?cio?ii?? iieacieea caeiieaiiy ? e?i?eiiai
oa?i?/iiai ?icoe?aiiy e?enoaea oa aeei?enoaii? ?o aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy
no?oeoo?ieo oaciaeo ia?aoiae?a;
· o canoinoaaii? ?acoeueoao?a aei??thaaiue oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae
ae?aeaeo?e/ii? i?iieeiino? e(O) aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaaae?iee
oaeeueiaiai aaeoi?a e?enoaea o ianoi??i?e oac?.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Iinoaiiaea caaea/?, c’ynoaaiiy iai?yi?a
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe oa iaaiai?aiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue
aeeiiai? ?acii c iaoeiaei ea??aieeii, i?ioani?ii eaoaae?e
aenia?eiaioaeueii? o?ceee Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai?
?aaia O?aiea, aeieoi?ii o?c.-iao. iaoe A.A.Aiae???anueeei. A iaaiai?aii?
?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue a?aa o/anoue i?ioani? eaoaae?e
aenia?eiaioaeueii? o?ceee oeueiai ae aoco, aeieoi? o?c.-iao. iaoe
I.I.?iiaithe. O i?ioean? aeeiiaiiy aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe caeiaoaa/
c?a?aa ?ioa?oa?iiao?e/io onoaiiaeo aeey aei??thaaiiy ?iaeoeiaaieo ci?i
iioe/ieo ??cieoeue oiaeo ca iieacieeii caeiieaiiy, i?aeaiooaaa e?enoaee
aeey aeine?aeaeaiue, iaea?aeaa aenia?eiaioaeuei? ?acoeueoaoe, aeeiiaa ?o
eiii’thoa?io ia?iaeo, ?ioa?i?aoaoe?th oa c?iaea aeniiaee. O ioae?eaoe?yo
?c ni?aaaoi?aie aianie caeiaoaa/a aea?aaeaioiee a?aeiia?aei?e /anooe?
a?ae e?eueeino? aaoi??a.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a ?iaioe. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy oa ?acoeueoaoe
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aeiiia?aeaeeny oa iaaiai?thaaeeny ia:
· ? iieuenueei-oe?a?inueeiio neiiic?oi? c o?ceee naaiaoiaeaeo?ee?a ?
nii??aeiaieo iaoa??ae?a (Eoaeiaa Cae?oe, Iieueua, 1996 ?.);
· ?V oe?a?inueei-iieuenueeiio neiiic?oi? c o?ceee naaiaoiaeaeo?ee?a ?
nii??aeiaieo iaoa??ae?a (Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, Oe?a?ia, 1998 ?.);
· iaoeiaiio nai?ia?? ?c noaoenoe/ii? oai??? eiiaeainiaaieo nenoai
(Euea?a, 1997 ?.);
· ?aa?iiaeuei?e iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? Caea?iaonueeiai a?aeae?eaiiy
oiiaeo i?ae?eiee iaoee (Oaeai?iae, 1998 ?.);
· nai?ia?? INTAS-UKRAINE c o?ceee eiiaeainiaaieo neneoai (Euea?a, 1998
?.);
· ia?o?e oe?a?inuee?e oeie?-nai?ia?? c o?ceee naaiaoiaeaeo?ee?a oa
nii??aeiaieo iaoa??ae?a (Euea?a, 1999 ?.);
· ui??/ieo ca?oieo iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo o?ce/iiai oaeoeueoaoo EAeO
?iai? ?aaia O?aiea (Euea?a, 1996-1999 ??.).
Ioae?eaoe??. Ca iaoa??aeaie aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 15 iaoeiaeo
i?aoeue, na?aae yeeo 7 noaoae o i?io?eueieo iaoeiaeo aeo?iaeao ? 8 oac
aeiiia?aeae o ca??ieeao iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?e.
No?oeoo?a oa ianya ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny ?c
anooio, /ioe?ueio iniiaieo ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a oa ia?ae?eo e?oa?aoo?ieo
aeaea?ae. ?iaioa i?noeoue 148 noi??iie ae?oeiaaiiai oaenoo, 68 ?enoie?a,
10 oaaeeoeue oa ia?ae?e e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae ?c 141 iaeiaioaaiiy.
Caaaeueiee ianya aeena?oaoe?? – 156 noi??iie.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
O ia?oiio ?icae?e? iiaeaii ei?ioeee aeeeaae oaiiiaiieia?/iiai iieno
no?oeoo?ieo oaciaeo ia?aoiae?a 1-ai oa 2-ai ?iae?a o e?enoaeao, a oiio
/ene? c ianoi??iith oacith, oa e?oa?aoo?iee iaeyae o?ce/ieo aeanoeainoae
ia’?eo?a aeine?aeaeaiiy.
I?aaenoaaeaii aeai? i?i oaiia?aoo?io iiaaae?ieo i?e oaciaiio ia?aoiae?
o?ce/ieo ia?aiao??a e?enoaea OAN, ye i?aaenoaaieea aeanieo
naaiaoiaeaeo?ee?a, oa e?enoaea EN, ye naaiaoiaeaeo?eea c ianoi??iith
oacith. Cie?aia, i?iaiae?ciaaii oaiia?aoo?io caeaaei?noue niiioaiii?
iiey?ecaoe?? Ps, ye ia?aiao?a ii?yaeeo h a e?enoae? OAN. Iieacaii, ui a
ia?oeo aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo [1], aea aeyaeaii caeaaei?noue
ia?aiao?a ii?yaeeo a?ae oaiia?aoo?e oeio h ~ (Tc – T)b, b ” 0,5, oai??y
Eaiaeao aeia?a i?aeoaa?aeaeoaaeany. Iaeiae, o iiaeaeueoeo
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ?iaioao [2] noaiaiaaee iieaciee b aeyaeany iaioei
i?ae 0,5 (0,38), ui noia?a/eei oa?iiaeeiai?/i?e oai??? ? na?ae/eei i?i
iae?i?ei?noue oaiia?aoo?ii? caeaaeiino? eaaae?aoa niiioaiii?
iiey?ecaoe?? a?ae oaiia?aoo?e, iniaeeai a?ae/ooio a iaeano? oaciaiai
ia?aoiaeo. Oe? noia?a/eea? e?oa?aoo?i? aeai? i?i oaiia?aoo?io iiaaae?ieo
ia?aiao?a ii?yaeeo, yeee aecia/a? ci?io ?ao?aeoe?eieo ? aeeeaoiiao?e/ieo
oa?aeoa?enoee e?enoaea OAN, niiioeaee i?iaanoe o aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio?
a?aeiia?aei? oaiia?aoo?i? aeine?aeaeaiiy iioeei-?ioa?oa?aioe?eieo oa
aeeeaoiiao?e/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee.
Aeiaeaoeiaith i?e/eiith aeai?o e?enoae?a OAN ye ia’?eoa aeine?aeaeaiiy
noaea iecea a?aeiieo c e?oa?aoo?e oaiia?aoo?ii-?ao?aeoiiao?e/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue ?c iaicia/aiith aeeeaoiiao?e/iith neeaaeiaith.
A?aecia/aii, ui aeey e?enoae?a EN ?c ianoi??iith oacith a?aenooi?
e?oa?aoo?i? aeai? i?i oaiia?aoo?io caeaaei?noue iieacieea caeiieaiiy
n(T), a ?acoeueoaoe oaiia?aoo?ieo aeine?aeaeaiue aeaii?iiaiacaeiieaiiy
Dn(T) iaiaeiicia/i?, cie?aia c oi/ee ci?o oa?aeoa?enoe/iiai noaiaiaaiai
iieacieea b.
Aeey ?ioeo aeaio ia’?eo?a aeine?aeaeaiiy, e?enoae?a AeIAAN oa AAN,
oaeiae a?aenooi? aeai? i?i oaiia?aoo?i? caeaaeiino? iieaciee?a
caeiieaiiy n(T), oi/a a?aeiia?aei? aei??thaaiiy aeaii?iiaiacaeiieaiiy
Dn(T) i?iaiaeeeeny, iaeiae aac /?oeiai ?icae?eaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueii
aei??thaaii? iioe/ii? ??cieoe? oiaeo D = Dn*l ia ?ao?aeoe?eio (Dn) ?
aeeeaoiiao?e/io (l) /anoeie oa aac aecia/aiiy oa?aeoa?enoe/iiai
iieacieea b a?aeiia?aeieo noaiaiaaeo oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae.
A?aei?/aii, ui aeey on?o ia’?eo?a aeine?aeaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe
a?aenooi? ocaaaeueiaiiy oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae ?ao?aeoiiao?e/ieo
aeanoeainoae e?enoae?a uiaei iiaaae?iee a?aeiia?aeieo aeaeo?iiieo
i?aenenoai a iaeano? ia?aoiae?a o naaiaoiaeaeo?e/io oa ianoi??io oace.
Aeaoaeueii ia aeine?aeaeai? oaeiae iniaeeaino? oaiia?aoo?ieo
caeaaeiinoae neeaaeiaeo eiiieaenii? ae?aeaeo?e/ii? i?iieeiino? e?enoae?a
AAN o ianoi??i?e oac?.
O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? aeeeaaeaii iaoiaeeee aeine?aeaeaiue oaciaeo
ia?aoiae?a o e?enoaeao, ye? canoiniaoaaeeny a ?iaio?.
Aeaoaeueii i?aaenoaaeai? i?ea?iaeuei? iioeei-?ioa?oa?iiao?e/i?
iaoiaeeee aeine?aeaeaiiy oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae iioe/ieo oa
aeeeaoiiao?e/ieo ia?aiao??a e?enoae?a. A ?iaio? aia?oa cai?iiiiiaaii
aea? iaoiaeeee iaea?aeaiiy oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae a?aeiinieo ci?i
iieaciee?a caeiieaiiy dn/(n – 1) oa oiaueie dl/l i?ici?eo
ieineiia?aeaeueieo c?ace?a ia iniia? ?ioa?oa?iiao?e/ieo aei??thaaiue
a?aeiia?aeieo a?aeiinieo ci?i iioe/ii? ??cieoe? oiaeo i?iiai?a dD/D.
Iaoiaeeee ?aae?ciaai? ia iiaeeo?eiaaiiio ?ioa?oa?iiao?? oeio AEaiaia.
C aeei?enoaiiyi cai?iiiiiaaieo iaoiaeee aeine?aeaeoaaeeny c?acee
ii??aiyii aaeeeeo ?ici???a o iai?yi? i?ina?/oaaiiy (aei 14 ii), ui aeaei
ciiao caaacia/eoe a?aeiinio oi/i?noue aei??thaaiiy oa?aeoa?enoe/ieo
aaee/ei dD/D, dn/(n – 1) oa dl/l ia ??ai? 10-4.
Iaoiaeeea iaeii/aniiai aecia/aiiy a?aeiinieo oaiaia?aoo?ieo ci?i dn/(n
– 1) oa dl/l aaco?oueny ia aei??thaaii? oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae
a?aeiinieo ci?i dD/D aeey aeaio ?ioa?oa?aioe?eieo iie?a. Iaeia oaea iiea
oi?io?oueny aeaiia ?ioa?oa?oth/eie i?iiaiyie, iaeei c yeeo i?ioiaeeoue
/a?ac e?enoae, a ?ioee – ?aeaioe/iei oeyoii iica e?enoaeii. O oae?e
aaiiao??? aenia?eiaioo oaiia?aoo?i? ci?ie iioe/ii? ??cieoe? oiaeo dD1
aecia/athoueny ca ni?aa?aeiioaiiyi
dD1 = d(l* (n – 1)) , (1)
aea l – oiaueia e?enoaea o iai?yi? i?ioiaeaeaiiy i?iiaiy, n – iieaciee
caeiieaiiy aeey a?aeiia?aeii? iiey?ecaoe?? i?iiaiy. ?ioa
?ioa?oa?aioe?eia iiea ooai?th?oueny ia iniia? aeaio i?iiai?a, iaeei c
yeeo a?aeaeany a?ae o?iioaeueii? a?ai? e?enoaea, a ?ioee – a?ae
oeeueii?. Ci?ia iioe/ii? ??cieoe? oiaeo oeeo i?iiai?a aecia/a?oueny ca
ni?aa?aeiioaiiyi
dD2 = d(2l* n) . (2)
Ia iniia? ni?aa?aeiioaiue (1) oa (2) iaea?aeo?ii ae?ace aeey
a?aeiia?aeieo oaiia?aoo?ieo ci?i oiaueie c?acea ? iieacieea caeiieaiiy:
dl = (dD2 – 2D1)/2, (3)
dn = (dD2 – 2n* dl)/2l . (4)
Cai?iiiiiaaia iaoiaeeea aea? ciiao aecia/aoe iaeii/anii oaiia?aoo?i?
caeaaeiino? iieacieea caeiieaiiy ? oiaueie ieineiia?aeaeueiiai c?acea.
Ae?oaa iaoiaeeea iaea?aeaiiy oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae iieacieea
caeiieaiiy oa oiaueie c?ace?a aaco?oueny o?eueee ia aeine?aeaeaii?
?ioa?oa?aioe?eiiai iiey, ooai?aiiai aeaiia ?ioa?oa?oth/eie i?iiaiyie,
iaeei c yeeo i?ioiaeeoue /a?ac e?enoae, a ?ioee – ?aeaioe/iei
aaiiao?e/iei oeyoii iica e?enoaeii. Oey iaoiaeeea canoiniao?oueny aeey
aeine?aeaeaiiy iecueeineiao?e/ieo e?enoae?a. Iine?aeiaii i?ina?/oth/e
e?enoae e?i?eii-iiey?eciaaiei na?oeii o o?ueio aca?iiiia?iaiaeeeoey?ieo
e?enoaeio?ce/ieo iai?yiao, aeey eiaeiiai c ieo o aeaio
aca?iiiia?iaiaeeeoey?ieo iai?yiao iiey?ecaoe?? na?oea, oa aei??thth/e
a?aeiia?aei? oaiia?aoo?i? ci?ie iioe/ii? ??cieoe? oiaeo dDij/Dij, iiaeia
aecia/eoe oaiia?aoo?i? ci?ie eiai ?ici???a dli/li oa iieaciee?a
caeiieaiiy dnj/(nj – 1), ?ica’ycaaoe nenoaio oanoe e?i?eieo ??aiyiue ?c
canoinoaaiiyi iaoiaeo iaeiaioeo eaaae?ao?a:
wmetafile8? ??U??????????????????Va???
????Va??????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
A???????????&??yyyy?????Ay«y@k???&??MathType??P
???u?????????”????-?????1/2@????1/2Q???1/2???1/2?
???1/2u ???1/2-???u@th?????? Ie?aiei i?ae?icae?eii a ?iaio?
iiaeaii iien iaoiaeeee aei??thaaiiy oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae e?i?eieo
?ici???a c?ace?a oa iaoiaeeee aeine?aeaeaiiy ?o oaiia?aoo?ii? ?
/anoioii? caeaaeiinoae eiiieaenii? ae?aeaeo?e/ii? i?iieeiino?.
O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? i?aaenoaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy oaciaeo
ia?aoiae?a o naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ieo e?enoaeao OAN oa AeIAAN ? i?iaaaeaii
ii??aiyiiy oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae ?o ?ao?aeoe?eieo ?
aeeeaoiiao?e/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee a ?aeii? a?aeiia?aeieo oaciaeo
ia?aoiae?a.
Ia iniia? i?aaenoaaeaiiy niiioaiieo oaiia?aoo?ieo i?e?ino?a oiaueie
dls/l oa iieacieea caeiieaiiy dns/(n – 1) a iaeano? oaciaiai ia?aoiaeo
OAN (T ? ????????????????????thv???
????thv??????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
@`??????????&??yyyy?????Ay!y a???&??MathType???
???u?????????"????-?????_?±????±???_?e????e???y
‰???y???u?th??????Ooo ?iaeaene i oa j ci?iththoueny ca
oeeee?/iei i?aaeeii: i = 1®2®3; j = 2®3®1. Eiao?oe??io An-1 aei??aith?
ioeaa? o aeiaaeeo ?cio?iiieo iaoa??ae?a oa aenieineiao?e/ieo e?enoae?a
eoa?/ii? neiaii??. ?ic?aoiaaia ca oi?ioeith (8) oaiia?aoo?ia
caeaaei?noue ai?cio?ii?? An-1(O) iieacieea caeiieaiiy e?enoaea OAN
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny iniaeea?noth i?e oaiia?aoo?? Tc o aeaeyae? oaiaeaioe??
aei i?i?ioia (i?i?ioia iio?aeii? dAn-1/dT). Oeth caeaaei?noue iiaeia
i?aaenoaaeoe ye iaeeaaeaiiy aeaio oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae. Iaeia c
ieo, iiiioiiia, iiaea aooe iia'ycaia c iiiioiiiith ci?iith ia?aiao??a
e?enoae?/ii? a?aoee aac aiiiae?? i?e On, a ae?oaa, c i?i?ioiii i?e On,
a?aeia?aaea? aeno?aioiiiiae?aio ci?io aeanoeainoae e?enoaea i?e oaciaiio
ia?aoiae?. Iii?oia ciaioaiiy eiao?oe??ioa ai?cio?ii?? An-1 a ?aeii? Tc
na?ae/eoue i?i aeno?aioiiiiae?aia iaaeeaeaiiy nenoaie o?i?/ieo ca'yce?a
e?enoaea aei ?cio?iiiiai noaio ? iiaea aooe ?ioa?i?aoiaaii ye a?aeiinia
aii?o?caoe?y e?enoaea i?e eiai iaaeeaeaii? aei oaiia?aoo?e oaciaiai
ia?aoiaeo. Aiaeia?/iee eiao?oe??io Aa aaaaeaiee aeey e?euee?nii? ioe?iee
nooiaiy ai?cio?ii?? eiao?oe??ioa oa?i?/iiai e?i?eiiai ?icoe?aiiy
e?enoaea:
wmetafile8? ??r??????????????????Ux???
????Ux??????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
??????????&??yyyy?????Ay1/4yaUe???&??MathType???
???u?????????"????-?????D?G???¤G???D?x???¤x
???d???*???di???*i???†???w†???®
???w®???Ye???YY???u?th??????I?e oaiia?aoo?? oaciaiai
ia?aoiaeo Tc niinoa??aa?oueny i?i?ioi ia caeaaeiino? Aa(T), iiae?aii aei
oaiaeaioe?? i?i?ioia ia aiaeia?/i?e caeaaeiino? An-1(O) , yeee oaeiae
iiaeia iia'ycoaaoe c a?aeiiniith aiio?caoe??th e?enoaea i?e oaciaiio
ia?aoiae?.
Ca ?acoeueoaoaie aeeeaoiiao?e/ieo aei??thaaiue oaiia?aoo?ieo
caeaaeiinoae niiioaiiiai aeaeiaaeaiiy dlsi/li (i = 1,2,3) e?enoaea
AeIAAN a iaeano? oaciaiai ia?aoiaeo (On ” 147 E) cia/aiiy a?aeiia?aeiiai
noaiaiaaiai iieacieea 2b2(l) aeey (Tc - T) F 0,1 E aei??aith? iaeeieoe?,
2b2(l) = 1,0, ui a?aeiia?aea? e?i?ei?e caeaaeiino? dl2s/l2 a?ae (Tc -
T). Iaeiae, a ?ioa?aae? (Tc - T) F 4 E aaee/eia 2b2(l) ciaioo?oueny c?
ca?eueoaiiyi (Tc - T) ? aeey (Tc - T) = 4 E 2b2(l) = 0,5.
Aeei?enoiaoth/e ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy oaiia?aoo?ii? caeaaeiino?
niiioaiii? iiey?ecaoe?? Ps(T) e?enoae?a AeIAAN [2] ? io?eiai? iaie
oaiia?aoo?i? caeaaeiino? a?aeiinieo aeaeiaaeaiue dlsi/li(T), ie
ia/eneeee oaiia?aoo?i? caeaaeiino? eiao?oe??io?a aeaeo?ino?eeoe?? g?(T),
?ic?aoiaai? ia iino?eia cia/aiiy aaeoi?a niiioaiii? iiey?ecaoe?? a
e?enoae?, ? aeyaeee ?o ciaioaiiy i?e iaaeeaeaii? aei oi/ee oaciaiai
ia?aoiaeo Tn. Oea na?ae/eoue i?i oa, ui eaaae?ao niiioaiii? iiey?ecaoe??
Ps2, ye ia?aiao?a ii?yaeeo, iiaeeco oaiia?aoo?e Tn c?inoa? oaeaeoa, i?ae
a?aeiinia aeaeiaaeaiiy dlsi/l?. I?e a?aeaeaeaii? a?ae oi/ee oaciaiai
ia?aoiaeo Tn oaeaeeino? ci?ie dls1/l1 oa Ps2 iaaeeaeathoueny iaeia aei
iaeii?.
Oaiia?aoo?ia caeaaei?noue eiao?oe??ioa ai?cio?ii?? An-1 aeey e?enoaea
AeIAAN oa?aeoa?eco?oueny aeeaieei i?i?ioiii i?e oaiia?aoo?? oaciaiai
ia?aoiaeo Tc. Iiae?aii aei e?enoaea OAN oaea ciaioaiiy oeueiai
eiao?oe??ioa iiaea ni?e/eiyoeny a?aeiiniith aii?o?caoe??th e?enoaea
AeIAAN i?e iaaeeaeaii? aei oaiia?aoo?e oaciaiai ia?aoiaeo. Aeey e?enoaea
AeIAAN oaea aii?o?caoe?y, i/aaeaeii, i?iyaey?oueny cia/ii neeuei?oa,
i?ae aeey e?enoaea OAN. Cai?iiiiiaaia iiyniaiiy i?i?ioia ia
oaiia?aoo?i?e caeaaeiino? eiao?oe??ioa An-1 e?enoaea AeIAAN ca ?aooiie
a?aeiinii? aii?o?caoe?? e?enoaea ocaiaeaeo?oueny c iiyniaiiyi i?i?ioia
ia a?aeiia?aei?e oaiia?aoo?i?e caeaaeiino? na?aaeiueiai iieacieea
caeiieaiiy oeueiai e?enoaea ca ?aooiie iineaaeaiiy a oe?eiio o?i?/ieo
ca'yce?a.
Iiae?aii aei aiae?co aenia?eiaioaeueieo ?acoeueoao?a e?enoaea OAN, aeey
aiae?co oaiia?aoo?ii? e?iaoeee ai?cio?ii?? eiao?oe??ioa e?i?eiiai
?icoe?aiiy a e?enoae?a AeIAAN aeei?enoaii eiao?oe??io Aa. Aeyaeaii, ui
ai?cio?ii?y oa?i?/iiai ?icoe?aiiy AeIAAN oa?aeoa?eco?oueny iaaaaaoi
a?eueoei ia?aiao?ii Aa, i?ae ia?aiao? An-1 ai?cio?ii?? ci?iii? /anoeie
iieacieea caeiieaiiy. Iiae?aii aei e?enoae?a OAN, o e?enoae? AeIAAN i?e
oaiia?aoo?? oaciaiai ia?aoiaeo Tc oaae niinoa??aa?oueny i?i?ioi ia
caeaaeiino? Aa(T), yeee ocaiaeaeo?oueny c i?i?ioiii ia aiaeia?/i?e
caeaaeiino? ia?aiao?a ai?cio?ii?? iieacieea caeiieaiiy An-1(O).
I/aaeaeii, ui i?i?ioi caeaaeiino? Aa(T) iiaeia oaeiae iia'ycoaaoe c
a?aeiiniith aiio?caoe??th e?enoaea AeIAAN i?e oaciaiio ia?aoiae?.
O /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? iaaaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy
naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ieo e?enoae?a c ianoi??iith oacith, EN oa AAN, cie?aia,
oaiia?aoo?i? caeaaeiino? ?o ?ao?aeoe?eieo oa?aeoa?enoee o ?aeii? oaciaeo
ia?aoiae?a o ianoi??io (O?) oa naaiaoiaeaeo?e/io (On) oace.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy e?enoaea EN iieacaee, ui naaiaoiaeaeo?e/iee oaciaee
ia?ao?ae i?e Oc = 93 E iaeaea ia aeyaey?oueny ia oaiia?aoo?ieo
caeaaeiinoyo iioe/ii? ??cieoe? oiaeo D = l*(n - 1). Iaeiae, ia?ao?ae
ianoi??ia-ia?aaeaeo?e/ia oaca a iaeano? Oi = 130 E aeyaey?oueny o
aeaeyae?, oa?aeoa?iiio aeey iaia?a?aieo oaciaeo ia?aoiae?a 2-ai ?iaeo.
Oaeo iiaaae?iea iioe/ii? ??cieoe? oiaeo (a oaeiae iieacieea caeiieaiiy
oa aaiiao?e/ii? oiaueie) iiaeia iiynieoe oae. O ?ie? aoi?eiiiai
ia?aiao?a ii?yaeeo i?e ia?aoiae? ianoi??ia - naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ia oaca o
e?enoae? EN c'yaey?oueny iaeii??aeia niiioaiia iiey?ecaoe?y o O-iai?yi?.
I?e?ineii?/ia niiioaiia iiey?ecaoe?y ?nio? oaeiae ? o ianoi??i?e oac?,
aea o aeaeyae? oaee?, yea noi?iaiaeaeo? oaeeth ci?uaiiy. I?e oeueiio
noia?ia niiioaiia iiey?ecaoe?y iae?ineii?/iiai c?acea aei??aith? ioeaa?.
Aiiiae?? oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae iioe/ii? ??cieoe? oiaeo, iieacieea
caeiieaiiy oa aeaeiaaeaiiy, ui aeieeathoue i?e oaiia?aoo?? O? ia?aoiaeo
c ia?aaeaeo?e/ii? o ianoi??io oaco, ni?e/eiai? iiyaith naia niiioaiii?
iiey?ecaoe?? ia i?e?ineii?/iiio ??ai?. Ine?eueee, i?e oaiia?aoo?? On
ia?aoiaeo o naaiaoiaeaeo?e/io oaco e?enoaea EN i?e?ineii?/ia niiioaiia
iiey?ecaoe?y ca aaniethoiith aaee/eiith nooo?ai ia ci?ith?oueny, oi
aiiiae?? iioe/ii? ??cieoe? oiaeo, iieacieea caeiieaiiy oa aeaeiaaeaiiy
i?aeoe/ii ia niinoa??aathoueny.
A ?acoeueoao? aeine?aeaeaiue e?enoaea AAN aeyaeaii, ui oa?aeoa?
ai?cio?ii?? iieacieea caeiieaiiy ei?aeth? c iniaeeainoyie eiai
e?enoae?/ii? aoaeiae. Cie?aia a?aeiii, ui iniiao no?oeoo?e e?enoaea
noaiiaeyoue ?cieueiaai? oao?aaae?e SeO4, coeo? aiaeiaaeie ca'yceaie a
eaioethaeee acaeiaae b-in?. Oeueiio iai?yio a?aeiia?aeathoue iaeei?ioo?
a?aenoai? Se-Se. Aiii?ei? ?iie ca'ycothoue eaioethaeee a iai?yi? inae a
oa n. Neeuei?oee ca'ycie acaeiaae a-in? (a?aenoaiue Se-Se a oeueiio
iai?yi? iaioa, i?ae o iai?yi? acaeiaae n-in?), i/aaeaeii, ni?e/eiaiee
a?aeiia?aeiei ?ici?uaiiyi aoii?a aiaeith NH4-a?oie, yea aea? ciiao
aeae?eeoe a no?oeoo?? oa?e, ia?aeaeuei? aei ieiueie (001) (ieiueia
neiethaaiino?). Ioaea, iaea?eueoee iieaciee caeiieaiiy nb a?aeiia?aea?
iaeei?ioo?e a?aenoai? Se-Se, a iaeiaioee nc - iaeneaae?oei o?i?/iei
ca'yceai o iai?yi?, ia?iaiaeeeoey?iiio aei ieiueie neiethaaiino?.
Aei??thaaiiy oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae iioe/ii? ??cieoe? oiaeo ca
aeaii?iiaiacaeiieaiiyi DDn = Dn·l oa iioe/ii? ??cieoe? oiaeo ca ci?iiith
/anoeiith iieacieea caeiieaiiy Dn-1 = (n - 1)·l ia aeyaeee iii?oieo
aiiiae?e a iaeanoyo a?aeiieo oaciaeo ia?aoiae?a i?e Tc = 250 K oa Ti =
262 K. Aiae?c oa?i?/iiai e?i?eiiai ?icoe?aiiy AAN oaeiae na?ae/eoue i?i
oa, ui oe? aiiiae?? iano?eueee neaae?, ui ?o aaaeei iii?oeoe ia
oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoyo iioe/ii? ??cieoe? oiaeo dD/D. Iaai?
iniaeeaino?, iia'ycai? c oeei oaciaei ia?aoiaeii, aeyaeaii ia
oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoyo iio?aeii? d/dT(dD/D), yea ia? iaeneiaeueia
cia/aiiy a ?aeii? O? = 262 E oa ceai i?e oaiia?aoo?? On = 250 E.
A?aenooi?noue aiiiae?e o?ce/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee e?enoaea AAN i?e On oeio
oaciaiai ia?aoiaeo 1-ai ?iaeo iiynith?oueny, ye ? a e?enoae? EN,
a?aenooi?noth aiiiae?? i?e?ineii?/ii? niiioaiii? iiey?ecaoe??. I?e
oaiia?aoo?? Ti = 262 K oaciaiai ia?aoiaeo 2-ai ?iaeo AAN ia aeyaeaii
oa?aeoa?iiai ceaio oaiia?aoo?ii? caeaaeiino? iioe/ii? ??cieoe? oiaeo
D(T) ? no?eaea oaiia?aoo?ii? caeaaeiino? a?aeiia?aeii? iio?aeii?
d/dT(D(T)). Iaea?aeaiee ?acoeueoao ocaiaeaeo?oueny c ii??aiyii neaaeith
oa?aeoa?iith aiiiae??th oa?i?/iiai ?icoe?aiiy i?e Ti ? na?ae/eoue i?i
ii??aiyii iae? cia/aiiy eiao?oe??io?a eaaae?aoe/iiai aeaeo?iiioe/iiai
aoaeoo oa aeaeo?ino?eeoe?? e?enoaea AAN. O ii??aiyii? c e?enoaeii EN oe?
eiao?oe??ioe aeey AAN iaio? ia iaeei ii?yaeie aaee/eie.
Aeey iiai?oiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ianoi??ii? oace e?enoaea AAN a ?iaio?
aei??yii eiai oaiia?aoo?i? caeaaeiino? ae?enii? oa oyaii? /anoei
ae?aeaeo?e/ii? i?iieeiino? e'(T) oa e''(T) ia o?eaeoeyoe ??cieo /anoioao
a iaeano? 200 Aoe - 1 IAoe. Oe?eaaith iniaeea?noth oaiia?aoo?ieo
caeaaeiinoae e'(T) oa e''(T) ia /anoio? 1 IAoe ? ?o ia??iaee/iiiiae?aia
iiaaae?iea a iaeano? oaiia?aoo? 265-255 E.Ia ia?oee iiaeyae, i?eaaaeeaei
iiyniaiiyi oeueiai iiaea a aooe a?aeiia o o?ceoe? ianoi??ieo oac
iiaeoeueiaaia nie?oiiia iaaea?aoea. Iaeiae, aeaoaeuei?oee aiae?c
iieacaa, ui oaiia?aoo?i? iieiaeaiiy oeeo aeno?aioi?a ci?iththoueny c?
ci?iith /anoioe aei??thaaeueiiai aeaeo?e/iiai iiey. Oea na?ae/eoue i?i
?aciiainiee oa?aeoa? niinoa?aaeoaaii? ia??iaee/ii? no?oeoo?e, yeo iiaeia
o?aeooaaoe ye i?iya iine?aeiaiino? ?aciiain?a i?e ooai?aii? noiy/eo
oaeeue acaeiaae oiaueie c?acea l caaaeyee oaeaee?e oaiia?aoo?i?e ci?i?
iiaeoey i?oaeii? aei?noeino? N e?enoaea o ianoi??i?e oac?. Aeaoaeueiee
aiae?c iieacaa, ui ia oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoyo e'(O) aeey ??cieo
/anoio f iiaeia aeae?eeoe ?ioo eaac?ia??iaee/io no?oeoo?o, yea noa?
iii?oiith i?ney ?o iiaea?eiiai aeeoa?aioe?thaaiiy, (d2(e')/dT2)/e'.
Iieiaeaiiy aeno?aioi?a ooieoe?? -(d2(e')/dT2)/e' i?aeoe/ii ia caeaaeaoue
a?ae /anoioe ciai?oiueiai aeaeo?e/iiai iiey. Iienai? iniaeeaino?
eaac?ia??iaee/ii? oaiia?aoo?ii? caeaaeiino? -(d2(e')/dT2)/e' e?enoaea
AAN ocaiaeaeothoueny c oa?aeoa?ieie i?iyaaie iiaeoeueiaaii? nie?oiiii?
iaaea?aoee, ye? iaee i?noea a ?ioeo e?enoaeao c ianoi??iith oacith.
Ae?aiacii (O? - On) i?inoaaeoaaii? iaie ianoi??ii? oace iiaeia o
ca'yceo c oeei ?icae?eeoe ia i?eaeecii ??ai?, aocuee? iaeano? noi??ieo
oac, ?icae?eaieo aeania ianoi??ieie noaoacaie. Ia??iae oaei? no?oeoo?e
i?eaeecii aei??aith? 0,4 E. Ia?aoiaee i?ae oaeeie aocueeeie noaoacaie
noi?iaiaeaeothoueny ii??aiyii neaaeeie aiiiae?yie ae?aeaeo?e/ii?
i?iieeiino? e'(O), ye? aeyaeythoueny ia oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoyo
ae?oai? iio?aeii? d2/dT2(e'(O)). I/aaeaeii, ui aaee/eie a?aeiia?aeieo
iaeneioi?a oe??? ae??aii? no?oeoo?e e'(O) (aai Y1(O) = -
d2(e'b)/dT2/(e'b)) i?iii?oe?ei? aei ci?i oaeeueiaiai aaeoi?a dk
e?enoae?/ii? a?aoee i?e ia?aoiaeao i?ae noaoacaie, ye?, ii noo?,
coiiaeththoue oe? iaeneioie. C oaeiai i?eiouaiiy aeieeaa?, ui oaeeueiaee
aaeoi? ianoi??ii? oace e?enoaea AAN ci?ith?oueny eaac?iaia?a?aii. Oeae
aeniiaie i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny ?acoeueoaoaie ?aioaaiino?oeoo?ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue ianoi??ii? oace oeueiai e?enoaea [3].
Oeeoiaai? e?oa?aoo?i? aeaea?aea
[1] J. A. Gonzalo // Phys. Rev.- 1966.- V. 144.- P. 662.
[2] R. Cach, S. Dacko, and Z. Czapla // Phys. Stat. Sol. -1989. -V.
116.- P. 827.
[3] F. Denoyer, A. Rozycki, K. Parlinski, and M. More // Phys. Rev. B-
1989.-V. 39.- P. 405.
Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe oa aeniiaee
A ?acoeueoao? aeeiiaiiy aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe ?ic?iaeaii iia?
iaoiaee/i? i?aeoiaee aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy oa??i?e?a oa
c'yniaaii, ui a e?enoaeao OAN, AeIAAN, EN ? AAN ia? i?noea iecea iiaeo
i?iya?a naaiaoiaeaeo?e/ieo oaciaeo ia?aoiae?a 2-ai ?iaeo oa ianoi??ieo
oac:
1.?aae?ciaaii iaoiaeeee aeae?eaiiy c aenia?eiaioaeueieo oaiia?aoo?ieo
caeaaeiinoae iioeei-?ioa?oa?iiao?e/ieo ??cieoeue oiaeo i?iiai?a
a?aeiia?aeieo caeaaeiinoae iieacieea caeiieaiiy oa aaiiao?e/ii? oiaueie
i?ici?eo ieineiia?aeaeueieo c?ace?a. ?acoeueoaoe canoinoaaiiy oe???
iaoiaeeee na?ae/aoue i?i iaia'yceia?noue o?aooaaiiy oa?i?/iiai
?icoe?aiiy e?enoae?a aeey ei?aeoiiai aecia/aiiy oaiia?aoo?ieo
caeaaeiinoae iieaciee?a caeiieaiiy oa//e aeaii?iiaiacaeiieaiiy ca
aeaieie a?aeiia?aeieo iioeei-?ioa?oa?iiao?e/ieo ??cieoeue oiaeo.
2.A oe?ie?e iaeano? iaaeiei oaiia?aoo?e naaiaoiaeaeo?e/iiai oaciaiai
ia?aoiaeo a e?enoae? OAN (Tc ± 15 E) ca aeiyoeii iaeano? Tc ± 2 E,
aeaeo?iiioe/i? eiao?oe??ioe, eiao?oe??ioe iaa?iaiiai i'?ciaeaeo?e/iiai
aoaeoo oa aeaeo?ino?eeoe??, ?ic?aoiaai? ia iino?eia cia/aiiy aaeoi?a
aeaeo?e/ii? ?iaeoeoe?? a e?enoae?, ia caeaaeaoue a?ae oaiia?aoo?e. I?e
iaaeeaeaii? aei oaiia?aoo?e Tc a iaeano? Tc ± 2 E niinoa??aa?oueny
ciaioaiiy oeeo eiao?oe??io?a ? aeinyaiaiiy i?i?iaeueiiai ?o cia/aiiy i?e
Tc. Oea na?ae/eoue i?i a?aeiia?aeia iineaaeaiiy ca'yceo i?ae ie?aieie
nenoaiaie /anoeiie e?enoaea, ye? oi?iothoue ie?aii aeaeo?e/io
iiey?ecaoe?th, iieaciee caeiieaiiy oa eiai e?i?ei? ?ici??e.
3.I?i?ioi oaiia?aoo?ii? caeaaeiino? na?aaeiueiai ca e?enoaeio?ce/ieie
iai?yiaie iieacieea caeiieaiiy dn/(n - 1) e?enoaea OAN i?e On oa
a?aeiiniee iaeneioi eiao?oe??ioa ia'?iiiai oa?i?/iiai ?icoe?aiiy a(On)
na?ae/eoue i?i iineaaeaiiy o?i?/ieo ca'yce?a iiaeeco oaiia?aoo?e
oaciaiai ia?aoiaeo. Oa?aeoa?enoe/iee i?i?ioi oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae
eiao?oe??io?a ai?cio?ii?? An-1(On) oa Aa(On) iiaea ni?e/eiyoeny
a?aeiiniith aii?o?caoe??th e?enoaea OAN iiaeeco oaiia?aoo?e oaciaiai
ia?aoiaeo.
4.Eiao?oe??ioe aeaeo?ino?eeoe?? g (dlsi/li = g*Ps2) e?enoaea AeIAAN
ca?eueoothoueny i?e a?aeaeaeaii? a?ae oaiia?aoo?e oaciaiai ia?aoiaeo Tc
o naaiaoiaeaeo?e/i?e oac?. Ca?eueoaiiy oeeo eiao?oe??io?a na?ae/eoue i?i
"a?aenoaaaiiy" oaiia?aoo?ii? e?iaoeee ?icoe?aiiy a?ae oaiia?aoo?ii?
e?iaoeee niiioaiii? iiey?ecaoe?? e?enoaea. Inoaii? aeyaey?oueny o oiio,
ui iieaciee noaiaiaai? oaiia?aoo?ii? caeaaeiino? eaaae?aoa niiioaiii?
iiey?ecaoe?? 2b(Ps) iaioee, i?ae iieaciee a?aeiia?aeii? caeaaeiino?
a?aeiiniiai oa?i?/iiai aeaeiaaeaiiy 2b(l).
5.Ae?aciee i?i?ioi oaiia?aoo?ii? caeaaeiino? a?aeiinieo ci?i
na?aaeiueiai iieacieea caeiieaiiy dn/(n - 1) = S(dni/(ni - 1))/3 i?e Tc
iia'yco?oueny c iineaaeaiiyi a oe?eiio o?i?/ieo ca'yce?a o e?enoae?
AeIAAN i?e oaciaiio ia?aoiae?. Ae?aci? i?i?ioie oaiia?aoo?ieo
caeaaeiinoae i?e Tc eiao?oe??io?a ai?cio?ii?? iieacieea caeiieaiiy An-1
oa oa?i?/iiai e?i?eiiai ?icoe?aiiy Aa, iia'ycai? c a?aeiiniith
aii?o?caoe??th e?enoaea AeIAAN i?e iaaeeaeaii? aei oi/ee oaciaiai
ia?aoiaeo. A?eueoa ae?aci?noue oeeo i?i?ioi?a o e?enoae? AeIAAN, i?ae o
e?enoae? OAN, iiynith?oueny a?eueoith iaaeeaeai?noth e?enoaea AeIAAN aei
o?ee?eoe/ii? oi/ee, i?ae e?enoaea OAN.
6.Aiiiae?? oaiia?aoo?ieo caeaaeiinoae iioe/ii? ??cieoe? oiaeo, iieacieea
caeiieaiiy oa aeaeiaaeaiiy i?e oaiia?aoo?ao O? ia?aoiaeo c
ia?aaeaeo?e/ii? o ianoi??io oaco e?enoae?a EN oa AAN ni?e/eiai? iiyaith
i?e?ineii?/ii iiaeoeueiaaii? niiioaiii? iiey?ecaoe?? i?e O
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