OA?E?ANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE IAAeE*IEE OI?AA?NEOAO
AEaa?ianueea Aiia A?eoi??aia
OAeE 618.5-089.888.61:616.381-002+616-07-089
?aiiy ae?aaiinoeea ? e?eoaaiiy ia?eoii?oo
i?ney eana?aaa ?icoeio
14. 01. 01 – aeooa?noai ? a?iaeieia?y
Aaoi?aoa?ao
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa iaaee/ieo iaoe
Oa?e?a- 1999 Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia a E?einueeiio aea?aeaaiiio iaaee/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ?i.
N.?. Aai?a??anueeiai I?i?noa?noaa ioi?iie caei?ia’y Oe?a?ie.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? ?eaaeea Aiaoie?e
Ieeieaeiae/; eaoaae?a aeooa?noaa ? a?iaeieia?? ?1 E?einueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai iaaee/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i. N.?. Aai?a??anueeiai, caa.
eaoaae?ith
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: – aeaaeai?e IAI Oe?a?ie, aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe
i?ioani? Aiaaeaoe?i Ieeiea A?eai?iae/, eaoaae?a aeooa?noaa ? a?iaeieia??
?2, Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaee/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo, caa. eaoaae?e.
– aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Iaca?aiei Ea?ena A?eai??aia, eaoaae?a
ia?eiaoieia?? ? a?iaeieia?? Oa?e?anueeiai ?inoeoooo oaeineaiaeaiiy
e?ea??a, i?ioani? eaoaae?e.
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Aei?i?iiao?ianueea iaaee/ia aeaaeai?y
Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny “____” _________________1999 ?.
i _____aiaeei? ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae. 64. 600.
01 i?e Oa?uee?anueeiio aea?aeaiiio iaaee/iiio oi?aaneoao? ca aae?anith:
310022, i. Oa?uee?a, i?. Eai?ia, 4.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeii iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Oa?uee?anueeiai
aea?aeaiiai iaaee/iiai oi?aaneoaoo (310022, i. Oa?uee?a, i?. Eai?ia, 4).
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “_____” ________________ 1999 ?ieo.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
eaiaeeaeao iaaee/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio I.I.
Oaiueei
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie.
Iaeiith ?c noia?a/ieo iniaeeainoae no/aniiai aeooa?noaa ? oaeaeei
c?inoath/a /anoioa aaaeii?iaeueiiai ?ic?iaeaeaiiy o an?o e?a?iao na?oo.
Eana??a ?icoei noaa iaa?ae”?iiith /anoeiith aeooa?nueei? i?aeoeee, /iio
ni?eyei c?inoaiiy a?aeiinii? aaciaee iia?aoe?? (A?euaiei A. ?. (1989);
?eaaeea A. I. (1989); Consiglio G. C.(1987); Gibbs R. S.(1985).
?icoe?aiiy iieacaiue aei eana?aaa ?icoeio a ?ioa?anao ieiaea a inoaii?
10-15 ?ie?a cieceei ia?eiaoaeueio nia?oi?noue aei 7 -12 %. I?ioa, ye ?
anyea ?ioa ii?iaeieiia iia?aoe?y, eana??a ?icoei aeeeeea? ?yae
oneeaaeiaiue , iaaacia/iei ?c yeeo ? i?neyiia?aoe?eiee ia?eoii?o.
Neeaaeath/e 35-50% a?ae on?o /a?aaiiii?iaeieiieo oneeaaeiaiue eana?aaa
?icoeio, ia?eoii?o iaea?eueo /anoi neoaeeoue i?e/eiith ?aiiuei?
?aeaia?ioii?? (Iaea?ia I. ?.(1989); Ianoa?aiei TH. A. (1987); Ieeiiia A.
I (1993).
A inoaii? aeanyoe??//y oai?/? coneeey aeooa??a-a?iaeieia?a iino?eii
ni?yiiaai? ia ?ic?iaeo iiaeo caoiae?a i?io?eaeoeee (Ae?iia A. ?. (1990);
Aaeoe?aa E. I. (1982); ?na?aa A. Ae. (1989); A?a?eaeoa?e? C. A. (1988),
aaeineiiaeaiiy iia?aoeaii? oaeoeee (Aoyiiaa N. I. (1990); ?eueoeia-
No?aeeia A. ?. (1980). I?iaeiaaeo?oueny oe?eani?yiiaaiee iiooe iaea?eueo
aoaeoeaieo iaoiae?a ae?aaiinoeee ? e?eoaaiiy oneeaaeiaiue i?ney eana?aaa
?icoeio (N??ia A. I. (1987); Oa?ania A. A. (1991); Herbst A. L. (1988).
Ia aeeaey/enue ia oea, eaoaeuei?noue i?e aeooa?nueeiio ia?eoii?o?
caeeoa?oueny aenieoth, eieeaath/enue ca aeaieie i?ia?aeieo aeooa??a-
a?iaeieia?a na?oo i?ae 32 % ? 60% ( Noa?ino?ia O. A. (1989); Oa???aa O.
A. (1988); E?aniiiienueeee A.?. (1997).
O?oaeiiu? ?aiiuei? ae?aaiinoeee i?neyiia?aoe?eiiai ia?eoii?oo a?aeii?.
?icaeaath/enue ia oii? aeeaieeo ci?i o aiiainoac? ii?iae?eue,
e?iaiao?aoe, i?neyiia?aoe?eiiai ia?aco eeoa/ieea, e?ea?nueei? oa?ai??,
ia?eoii?o i?io?ea? /anoi iaoeiiai, ia iath/e oa?aeoa?ieo neiioii?a, ui
i?eaiaeeoue aei cai?ci?ei? ae?aaiinoeee . Ca iaoeie aeaieie, eeoa a
iiiaeeiieeo aeiaaeeao ?aeaia?ioii?y i?iaiaeeoueny nai?/anii, ia ?aii?o
noaae?yo ia?eoii?oo. *ano?oa ae oiae?, eiee ia?eoii?o o ?iciae?, i?e
yaeuao aaaeei? oienai?? ? iie?i?aaiii? iaaeinoaoiino?.
I?aaiaiiy aea/eoe oe? iaae??oai? ieoaiiy, ae?iaeoe i?aeoe/i?
?aeiiaiaeaoe??, ?ic?iaeoe i?eioeeie ?aiiuei? ae?aaiinoeee ? e?eoaaiiy
i?neyiia?aoe?eiiai ia?eoii?oo iineoaeeei i?aenoaaith iei?oiueiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Ca”ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaiie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie ? oaiaie.
?iaioa aeeiiaia a ?aieao iaoeiai? i?iaeaie eaoaae?e. I?iaeaia 1 Oeo? 1.
27 ? aea?ae?a?no?aoe?? 0196 EI 14531.
Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiy.
— Iaoeiaee iiooe iiaeeeainoae ?aiiuei? ae?aaiinoeee ??cieo oi?i
aeooa?nueeiai i?neyiia?aoe?eiiai ia?eoii?oo, yeee aaco?oueny ia aiae?c?
nooiaiy ae?aaiinoe/ii? ?ioi?iaoeaiino? ie?aieo neiioii?a oa iciae.
— ?ic?iaea o??o?a?/ii? oaeoeee i?e aeooa?nueeiio i?neyiia?aoe?eiiio
ia?eoii?o? a caeaaeiino? a?ae no?ie?a iia?aoe??, a oaeiae a?ae noiooi?o
ia?eoii?oo i?neyiia?aoe?eieo oneeaaeiaiue.
Caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Aea/aiiy ee?i?/iiai ia?aa?ao iaoneeaaeiaiiai i?neyiia?aoe?eiiai
ia??iaeo i?e ieaiiaiio oa o?aaioiiio eana?aaiio ?icoei? c iaoaiaoe/iith
ioe?ieith ?ioi?iaoeaiino? ie?aieo neiioii?a.
Noai?aiiy aace ee?i?/ieo aeaieo ia iniia? noai?aieo aeai?eoi?a aeey
aenia?oii? ae?aaiinoe/ii? eiii’thoa?ii? nenoaie.
?ic?iaea iaoiaeeee eiii’thoa?iiai iii?oi?eiao ca ia?a?aii ?aiiueiai
i?neyiia?oe?eiiai ia??iaeo i?ney eana?aaa ?icoeio.
Aea/aiiy ee?i?/ieo ? eaai?aoi?ieo aeaieo (IIE, E??, NI), ye?
oa?aeoa?ecothoue ?aii? i?iyae aiaeiaaiii? ?ioieneeaoe?? i?e ii?iaeueiii
ia?aa?a? i?neyiia?aoe?eiiai ia??iaeo ? i?e ia?eoii?o? i?ney eana?aaa
?icoeio.
Aea/aiiy neiioiiaoeee aeeneaae/ii?, aino?i? ? a’yeii?io?eath/i? oi?i
aeooa?nueeiai i?neyiia?aoe?eiiai ia?eoii?oo c iaoaiaoe/iith ioe?ieith
nooiaiy ?ioi?iaoeaiino? ie?aieo neiioii?a ? noai?aiiyi aeai?eoi?a aeey
aenia?oii? ae?aaiinoe/ii? eiii’thoa?ii? nenoaie.
Aea/aiiy oa?aeoa?o i?e?ioei?e aenoaeaoo /a?aaii? ii?iaeieie, ui ?
ioneiaei iaoai?ciii ?icaeoeo i?neyiia?aoe?eiiai ia?eoii?oo.
Aecia/aiiy /anoioe ? oa?aeoa?o ?ioeo noiooi?o ia?eoii?oo
i?neyiia?aoe?eieo oneeaaeiaiue.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a
Aia?oa aea/aii nooi?iue aiaeiaaiii? ?ioieneeaoe?? ye i?e
iaoneeaaeiaiiio, oae ? i?e oneeaaeiaiiio ia?aa?ao i?neyiia?aoe?eiiai
ia??iaeo i?e eana?aaiio ?icoei?. Ia aaeeeiio ee?i?/iiio iaoa??ae?
iieacaii, ui ii??aiyeueia ioe?iea iieaciee?a aiaeiaaiii? ?ioieneeaoe??
noai?th? iaea?eueo ?aaeuei? ia?aaeoiiae aeey ?aiiuei? ae?aaiinoeee
aeooa?nueeiai i?neyiia?aoe?eiiai ia?eoii?oo.
Aia?oa aeey ee?i?/ii? ioe?iee ia?aa?ao i?neyiia?aoe?eiiai ia??iaeo o
ae?iie, ye? ia?aianee eana??a ?icoei, canoiniaaia aenia?oia eiii”thoa?ia
nenoaia, yea aeicaieeea oaeaeei neaiae?coaaoe i?i aeieee? neiioiie
i?neyiia?aoe?eieo oneeaaeiaiue.
I?aeoe/ia cia/ou?noue iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a.
— ?ic?iaeaiee niin?a aecia/aiiy nooiaiy aiaeiaaiii? ?ioieneeaoe?? i?ney
iia?aoe?? eana?aaa ?icoeio ye iieaciee iayaiino? aai a?aenooiino?
i?neyiia?aoe?eieo oneeaaeiaiue.
— ?ic?iaeaiee ? ai?iaaaeaeaiee a ee?i?/io i?aeoeeo niin?a ?aiiuei?
ae?aaiinoeee aeooa?nueeiai ia?eoii?oo ca aeiiiiiaith aenia?oii?
eiii”thoa?ii? nenoaie.
— ?ic?iaeaia ? ai?iaaaeaeaia a ee?i?/io i?aeoeeo o??o?a?/ia oaeoeea i?e
aeooa?nueeiio i?neyiia?aoe?eiiio ia?eoii?o?.
— ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue oi?iaaaeaeai? a ia?oiio ? ae?oaiio
iieiaiaeo aoaeeieao i. N?ioa?iiiey (Aeoe ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a?ae 16 aa?aniy
1998?.).
Iniaenoee aeeaae caeiaoaa/a.
Iaea?aeai? a ?iaio? aeai? ? ?acoeueoaoii naiino?eiiai aeeiiaiiy
aeena?oaioii ee?i?/ieo ? a?io?i?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue. Caeiaoaa/ i?eeiaa
aaciina?aaeith o/anoue o ae?aaiinoeoe? ? e?eoaaii? oai?eo, ui neeaee
iaoa??ae aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Iniaenoi caeiaoaa/ai noai?ai? aeai?eoie ee?i?/iiai ia?aa?ao
i?neyiia?aoe?eiiai ia?eoii?oo ye i?e a?aenooiino? oneeaaeiaiue, oae ?
i?e aeooa?nueeiio i?neyiia?aoe?eiiio ia?eoii?o?.
*anoeia iioae?eiaaieo noaoae aeeiiaia o ni?aaaoi?noa?, i?ioa, o?aaiaioe
noaoae, ye? noinothoueny aeeiiaieo aeena?oaioii aeine?aeaeaiue, iaienai?
iei naiino?eii. Aeaye? ?c aaoi??a i?eeiaee aaciina?aaeith o/anoue a
iia?aoe?yo.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??.
Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?? iia?aeiieai? ia iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe??
o??o?a?a Oe?a?ie, i?enay/ai?e ai?eii-naioe/iei oneeaaeiaiiyi o
iaa?aeeeaaei?e o??o?a?? (Oa?e?a,1995?.); ia i?aeia?iaeiiio o??o?a?/iiio
eiia?an? (Oaeue-Aa?a,1996?.); ia i?aeia?iaeiiio o??o?a?/iiio eiia?an?
“?aiu, iaeiae, iiaycee” (Oaeue-Aa?a,1998?.); ia ae?oa?e
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? anioe?aoe?? aeooa??a-a?iaeieia?a Oe?a?ie
ii i?iaeai? “Eana?aai na/aiea a nia?aiaiiii aeooa?noaa”
(?aiaoi??y,1998?.).
Ioae?eaoe??.
Ca oaiith aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 15 iaoeiaeo ?ia?o. 5 ?c ieo a
iaoeiaeo aeo?iaeao, 10- a ca??eao iaoeiaeo ?ia?o ? a iaoa??aeao ? oacao
i?aeia?iaeieo eiia?an?a. Iaea?aeaii ??oaiiy iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiai oeaio?o
iaoaioii? aenia?oece ia aeaea/o iaoaioo “Niin?a ae?aaiinoeee aiaeiaaiii?
?ioieneeaoe?? i?ney eana?aaa ?icoeio”.
Ia’?i ? no?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??.
Aeena?oaoe?y aeeeaaeaia ia 148 noi??ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo ?.
aeeth/a? anooi, iaeyae e?oa?aoo?e, oa?aeoa?enoeeo iaoa??ae?a ? iaoiae?a
aeine?aeaeaiiy, aeani? aeine?aeaeaiiy, caeeth/aiiy, aeniiaee, i?aeoe/i?
?aeiiaiaeaoe??, nienie aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e, yeee i?noeoue 321
aeaea?aei (225 a?o/eciyieo ? 96 ?iicaiieo), caeia? 29 noi??iie
iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, ?iaioa ?ethno?iaaia 21 oaaeeoeath, 3 iaethieaie,
?ici?uaieo ia 17 noi??ieao.
INIIAIEE CI?NO AeENA?OAOe??
Iaoa??aee ? iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaaaeai? o 104 oai?eo. Aea/aii ee?i?/iee ia?aa?a
iaoneeaaeiaiiai, ii?iaeueii i?io?eath/iai i?neyiia?aoe?eiiai ia??iaeo o
42 ii?iae?eue, ye? ia?aianee eana??a ?icoei. Na?aae ianoaaeaieo
ia?ai?iaeyueo aoei 32, iiaoi?ii?iaeyueo- 10. O ieaiiaiio ii?yaeeo
i?iiia?iaaii 20 ae?iie (1 a?oia); o?aaioii -22 (2 a?oia), iiaoi?iee
eana??a ?icoei o 3 ii?iae?eue.
O 26 ii?iae?eue aea/aii i?neyiia?aoe?eiee ia??iae, yeee oneeaaeiaiee
aiaeiiao?eoii (3 a?oia).
Aea/aiiy ee?i?/ieo oi?i ia?eoii?oo i?ney eana?aaa ?icoeio i?iaaaeaii o
36 ii?iae?eue ( 4 a?oia), o yeeo i?iaaaeaia ?aeaia?ioii?y i?ney eana?aaa
?icoeio c i?eaiaeo ia?eoii?oo (iaoa??aee ee?i?e i. N?ioa?iiiey, i.
Ea?/?, i. Naaanoiiiey, i. ?aiaoi???, a oaeiae iieiaiaeo aoaeeie?a i.
N?ioa?iiiey ca inoaii? 7 ?ie?a).
?iciiae?e ii?iae?eue ca a?eii i?aaenoaaeaii a oaae.1.
Oaaeeoey 1.
?iciiae?e ii?iae?eue ca a?eii
A?e
o ?ieao E?euee?noue oai?eo
A?oie ianoaaeaieo
Anueiai
1 2 3 4
aei 19 1 2 1 – 4
a?ae 20 aei 25 8 10 7 12 37
a?ae 26 aei 30 9 9 8 12 38
noa?oa 30 2 1 10 6 19
Anueiai 20 22 26 30 104
Iniaeeaa cia/aiiy i?eae?eyee ae?aaiinoeoe? aiaeiaaiii? ?ioieneeaoe??.
Aeey oe??? iaoe i?iaiaeeeany ioe?iea ia o?eueee ee?i?/ieo neiioii?a
?ioieneeaoe??, aea e eaai?aoi?ieo iieaciee?a. Aea/ai?y a aeeiai?oe?
(ia?aae iia?aoe??th, ia 1-2, 3-7 aeiao i?ney iia?aoe??): oi?ioea e?ia? c
a?aooaaiiyi eaeeioeeoa?iiai ?iaeaeno ?ioieneeaoe?? (E??); iieacieee
na?aaeiueiiieaeoey?ieo ie?aiiaioeae?a (NI); ??aaiue i?iaeoeo?a
ia?aeeniiai ieeneaiiy e?i?ae?a (IIE).
E?? aecia/aee ca oi?ioeith Eaeueo-Eae?oa:
E??= ( 4I?+ 3TH + 2I +N) o (Ie +1)
(3E + Ii) o ( A + 1)
aea I?-i??eioeeoe, TH- thi?, Ie- ieaciaoe/i? ee?oeie, E- e?ioioeeoe, Ii-
iiiioeeoe, A- aic?iio?ee ( o caei?iaeo ethaeae ?iaeaen E??-0,9 -0,007).
A?aoiaoth/e, ui aaaaoi ee?i?/ieo, ?aioaaiieia?/ieo ? eaai?aoi?ieo iciae
i?neyiia?aoe?eiiai ia?eoii?oo iathoue ??ciee nooi?iue ae?aaiinoe/ii?
?ioi?iaoeaiino?, iaie a ae?aaiinoeoe? canoiniaaiee aeaeici?iaiee
iaoaiaoe/iee iaoiae I. I. Aiiniaa, yeee a?aeia?aaea? ?o ae?aaiinoe/io
oe?ii?noue. Iaoiae caeeth/a?oueny a oiio, ui cia/aiiy eiaeiiai neiioiio
ae?noa? a?aeiia?aeio e?euee?noue aae?a, ??aio ii aaee/ei? t- e?eoa??th
No’thaeaioa, ui ia/eneth?oueny ca oi?ioeith:
t = P1 – P2
mo2 + m12
aea ?i – oiiaia na?aaeiy eiia??i?noue i?neyiia?aoe?eiiai ia?eoii?oo aeey
an??? aeine?aeii? a?oie, ?1 – oiiaia na?aaeiy eiia??i?noue
i?neyiia?aoe?eiiai ia?eoii?oo i?e iayaiino? aeaii? ae?aaiinoe/ii? iciaee
( o a?aenioeao), m0 i m1 -na?aaei? iiieeee a?aeiia?aeii a aeaio a?oiao.
Aeinoia??i?noue ?acoeueoao?a i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue ii niiniao
No’thaeaioa i?aeoaa?aeaeaia iaia?aiao?e/iei iaoiaeii I??niia (o2). Oe?
?ic?aooiee aeyaeee noaoenoe/ii aeinoia??iee ca’ycie a 99,95% (P
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