I?I?NOA?NOAI INA?OE OE?A?IE
OA?E?ANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE OAOI?*IEE OI?AA?NEOAO
AOAe?AIEOeOAA OA A?O?OAEOO?E
Na?iei Ieaenaiae? ?aaiiae/
OAeE 614. 641. 411
I?AeAEUAIIss AIAIACAOENOO AeA?AAEIE
AEEAIEEI I?INI*AIIssI AIOEI??AIAIE
IA INIIA? AEAEO?IA?Ae?AAE?*IIAI AOAEOO
05.26.03 – iiaeaaeia aaciaea
Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa
oaoi?/ieo iaoe
Oa?e?a 1998
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? “Aaciaea aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ? ?iaeaia?ii?
aeieia??” Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo
aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe E?aa/aiei Aieiaeeie? ?aaiiae/,
aee?aeoi? iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiai oa i?iaeoii-eiino?oeoi?nueeiai ?inoeoooo
“Iiei?y”, i?ioani? Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iie?oaoi?/iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:
Aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? AEa?oianueeee Aieiaeeie? Ieoaeeiae/,
i?ioani? eaoaae?e iiaeaaeii? i?io?eaeoeee Ee?anueei? o?e??
*a?eanueeiai
?inoeoooo iiaeaaeii? aaciaee IAN Oe?a?ie.
Eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio Ne?eo Aaneeue Ieeieaeiae/,
caa?aeoth/ee eaoaae?ith iiaeaaeii? i?io?eaeoeee i?ioean?a ae?iaieoeoa
Oa?e?anueeiai ?inoeoooo iiaeaaeii? aaciaee IAN Oe?a?ie
Aaaeo/a i?aai?caoe?y: Oa?e?anueea aea?aeaaia aeaaeai?y cae?cie/iiai
o?ainii?oo I?i?noa?noaa o?ainii?oo Oe?a?ie
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 25 “ a?oaeiy 1998 ?. i 14-00 aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? Niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 64.056.01 i?e Oa?e?anueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio oaoi?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e
I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith: 310002, i.Oa?e?a,
aoe.Noinueea, 40.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? Oa?e?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e, ca
aae?anith:
310002, i.Oa?e?a, aoe.Noinueea, 40.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaii “ 23 “ eenoiiaaea 1998 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
Niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
Eooiaee A.I.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue i?iaeaie. Iaeiei c iniiaieo iaoyaeoth/eo oaeoi??a
iiaeaae oa ?o eaoano?io?/ieo iane?aee?a ? oe?iea canoinoaaiiy o
i?aeoeoe? aoae?aieoeoaa aea?aaeie, iniaeea? aeanoeaino? yei? a aniaeoao
iiaeaaeiiaaaciaee iia`ycai? c eaaeei caeiaiiyi, caeaoi?noth
i?aeo?eioaaoe ai??iiy ? aooe aeaea?aeii iiaoi?ieo caeiaiue ? aoi?eiieo
iiaeaae.
Oae c 1996 ii 1998 ?.?. a Oe?a?i? aeieeei a?eueo 1,5 iei.iiaeaae,
c ieo 93 % aoee ia ia`?eoao c aenieei nooiaiai caaaioaaeaiiy
aea?aaeiith.
Aoaeoeaiei caniaii cieaeaiiy ia?a?aoiaaieo iaaaoeaieo aeanoeainoae
aea?aaeie ? aeaioiaeaieo c ia? eiino?oeoe?e (AeE) ? ?o ia?iaea
aiaiacaoenieie caniaaie (ACC), eoaee iaeaaeeoue iiaa?oiaaa ia?iaea ?
aeeaiea i?ini/aiiy, ye? ca?ac caeeoathoueny i?aeoe/ii ?aeeieie
aoaeoeaieie niiniaaie aeinyaiaiiy iio??aiiai ??aiy aiaiacaoenoo AeE oa
?o ia?aaiaeo c a?oie niaeeieo aei a?oie aaaeeiniaeeieo. I?e oeueiio ia
nueiaiaei?oi?e aeaiue aiaiacaoeni?e ia?iaoe? i?aeeyaa? iaio 10 % on?o
AeE, ye? canoiniaothoueny o aoae?aieoeoa?.
Canoinoaaiiy o?aaeeoe?eieo niinia?a aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie
ACC noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny cia/ieie oei/aniaeie ? iaoa??aeueieie aeo?aoaie.
I?aeoe/ia ?aae?caoe?y oeeo iaoiae?a aeiaaa? ye o?eaaeeo, aei e?eueeio
ae?a, oei/aniaeo ?ioa?aae?a, oae ? iayai?noue niaoe?aeueiiai iaeaaeiaiiy
aeey noai?aiiy aai a?aeiinii aeeaieiai aaeooio, aai aenieeo iaaei??ieo
oene?a.
O inoaii?e /an aeey iie?ioaiiy caoenieo aeanoeainoae AeE,
aeeth/ath/e ? ?o iiaeaaeiaaciaeo, o a?o/eciyi?e ? na?oia?e i?aeoeoe?
ciaoiaeyoue ana a?eueo oe?iea canoinoaaiiy aenie? oaoiieia?? ia iniia?
iiaeo o?ce/ieo i?eioeei?a. Aei iaeiiai c oaeeo iaoiae?a iaeaaeaoue
aeaeo?i?iioeueni? oaoiieia?? iaea?aeaiiy aenieeo oene?a ia iniia?
aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai (AA) aoaeoo, ye? a?ae??ciythoueny aenieith
oaoiieia?/i?noth, aeiiii?/i?noth oa i?iaeoeoeai?noth.
O ca`yceo c oe?ieei oi?iaaaeaeaiiyi aea?aaeie o ia?iaeia
ainiiaea?noai, ?? canoinoaaiiy o yeino? eiino?oeoe?eieo ? ia?iaieo
iaoa??ae?a o aoae?aieoeoa? ? iiaoo?, ui??/iei ca?eueoaiiyi ianyao o
aeaeyae? ia?aeiii? ? aoi?eiii? ?? i?iaeoeoe??, ieoaiiy caaacia/aiiy
(iio??aieo ca oiiaaie aenieoaoaoe??) iiaeaaeiaaciaee AeE ia iniia? ?o
i?ini/aiiy ACC c eiaeiei ?ieii a?ae/oaathoueny ana a?eueo aino??oa, a
??oaiiy oe??? i?iaeaie ia no/aniiio ??ai? ? aeooaeueiei ? i?aeoe/ii
aaaeeeaei ia?iaeiiainiiaea?nueeei caaaeaiiyi.
Iaoa oa caaaeaiiy ?iaioe. Iaoith ?iaioe ? i?aeaeuaiiy aiaiacaoenoo
aea?aaeie ia iniia? aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy caoenieie caniaaie c
aeei?enoaiiyi aeaeo?i?iioeuenii? oaoiieia?? iaea?aeaiiy aenieeo oene?a
ia iniia? aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai aoaeoo i?e ?ne?iaiio ?ic?yae? o aiaeieo
?ic/eiao aioei??ai?a.
Aeey aeinyaiaiiy oe??? iaoe aoei iaiao?aeii:
a) i?iaanoe oai?aoe/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iieeiaiiy aiaeieo ?ic/ei?a
aioei??ai?a o ii?eno? na?aaeiaeua (??ciiiai?oi? aeaee aea?aaeie) i?e
?iioeueni?e ae?? oeneo;
a) ioe?ieoe aieea ia i?ioean i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie ??ciiiai?oieo
oaeoi??a (aiie?ooaeii-oei/aniaeo ia?aiao??a ?iioeuen?a oeneo, ?o
aia?aaoe/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee, e?eueeino?, aeaeo aea?aaeie);
a) aecia/eoe iioeiaeuei? c oi/ee ci?o caaacia/aiiy i?ioeano
aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy ??cieo aeae?a aea?aaeie aeaeo?e/i? ia?aiao?e
AA-onoaiiaee;
a) i?iaanoe eiiieaen aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue uiaei
i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue ? a?ae?iaee
oaoiieia?? aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie ia iniia? AA-aoaeoo;
ae) aecia/aiiy aoaeoeaiino? aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie
aioei??aiaie ia iniia? AA-aoaeoo a aniaeoao i?aeaeuaiiy ?? aiaiacaoenoo;
a) noi?ioethaaoe iniiai? i?eioeeie canoinoaaiiy AA-aoaeoo a yeino?
iaoiaeo aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy AeE ACC.
Iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy. I?e i?iaaaeaii? aeine?aeaeaiue, ?acoeueoaoe
yeeo ocaaaeueiai? o ?iaio?, aeei?enoiaoaaeenue iaoiaee ? iieiaeaiiy
oai??? a?ae?iaeeiai?ee, aeeooc?? ? o?eueo?aoe?? aiiiaeueieo ??aeei,
iaoiaee iaoaiaoe/iiai iiaeaethaaiiy ? /enaeueiiai aiae?co, oai???
aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai aoaeoo ? noaoenoe/ii? ia?iaee aeaieo. Aenia?eiaioe
i?iaiaeeeeny ia oi?eaeueiiio aenieiaieueoiiio iaeaaeiaii?, yea aeicaiey?
a?aeoai?thaaoe aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iee aoaeo o ??cieo eiai iiaeeo?eaoe?yo.
Iaai?noue iniiaieo iieiaeaiue aeena?oaoe?? i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny
ianooiieie aenia?eiaioaie:
a) aecia/aiiyi ia ii?iiaaieo c?aceao ??cieo ii?iae aea?aaeie
aeeaeie i?iieeaiiy i?ini/oaaeueieo ACC oa ?o ieoiii? iiaeeia?ii? iane o
i?ioean? i?ini/aiiy ca aeiiiiiaith AA-aoaeoo;
a) ii??aiyiiyi ?acoeueoao?a aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy, io?eiaieo ia
iniia? AA-aoaeoo ? o?aaeeoe?eieo iaoiae?a aiaiacaoenii? ia?iaee
aea?aa`yieo eiino?oeoe?e;
a) aiaiaaeie aei?iaoaaiiyie eiio?ieueieo c?ace?a i?ini/aii? ia
iniia? AA-aoaeoo aea?aaeie.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Oia?oa i?iaaaeai?
eiiieaeni? oai?aoe/i? oa aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy
ianoaoe?iia?ieo i?ioean?a, iia`ycaieo c aeeaieei i?ini/aiiyi aea?aaeie
aiaeieie ?ic/eiaie aioei??ai?a a oiiaao aieeao ia i?ini/o?i? ia`?eoe
na??? ?iioeuenieo oene?a a?aie/ieo ia?aiao??a, ye? io?eiothoueny ia
iniia? aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai aoaeoo.
A a o i ? c a o e u a ? :
iaoiae aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie aiaeieie ?ic/eiaie aioei??ai?a ia
iniia? aenieeo ?iioeuenieo oene?a, ye? io?eiothoueny ca aeiiiiiaith
aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai aoaeoo;
?acoeueoaoe i?aeaeuaiiy aiaiacaoenoo aea?aaeie aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy
aioei??ai?a c aeei?enoaiiyi iaoiaeo ?iioeuenieo oaoiieia?e ia iniia?
aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai aoaeoo;
oaoi?/i? ??oaiiy oa i?aeoe/iee can?a ?aae?caoe?? aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy
aea?aaeie aioei??aiaie ia iniia? aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai aoaeoo.
I?aeoe/ia cia/ei?noue. Aeei?enoaiiy o ia?iaeiiio ainiiaea?noa?
?ic?iaeaiiai niiniao aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy aeicaiey? nooo?ai iiieceoe
oei/ania? ? aeiiii?/i? aeo?aoe ia ia?iaeo aea?aaeie aiaiacaoenieie
caniaaie, caaacia/eoe a?eueo aenieo a ii??aiyii? c o?aaeeoe?eieie
niiniaaie ye?noue ia?iaee oa, ye iane?aeie, cia/ii iiieceoe iaaaciaeo
aeieeiaiiy iiaeaae ia ia`?eoao ia?iaeii-ainiiaea?nueeiai, i?iieneiaiai
oa eoeueoo?ii-iiaooiaiai i?ecia/aiiy, ye? i?noyoue o nai?e iniia?
aea?aa`yi? eiino?oeoe??.
?aae?caoe?y ?acoeueoao?a ?iaioe . ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe ciaeoee
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy /a?ac ?ic?iaeaio i?ae ea??aieoeoaii aaoi?a ? i?e eiai
aaciina?aaei?e o/ano? ye?nii iiai? iaoiaeeee ii cae?eniaiith aeeaieiai
i?ini/aiiy aea?aa`yieo eiino?oeoe?e aiciacaoenieie caniaaie ia iniia?
aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai aoaeoo ? noai?aii? aenia?eiaioaeueii? aaeoc? o
i.Oa?eia? ii ?? i?aeoe/i?e ?aae?caoe??.
Aoaeo a?ae oi?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a ?iaioe iieyaa? o:
a) nei?i/aii?, o ii??aiyii? c o?aaeeoe?eieie iaoiaeaie i?ini/aiiy,
o na?aaeiueiio o 25…30 ?ac?a no?ie?a ?ia?o, a oaeiae caaaeueieo
iaoa??aeueieo aeo?ao o ca`yceo c a?aenooi?noth iaiao?aeiino? i?iaaaeaiiy
ia?aaei?ini/oaaeueiiai oeeeeo noo?iiy ia?iaey?ieo AeE oa aeaiaeo c
oaoiieia?/iiai oeeeeo aei?iaieiooiaiiai aaeooiiiai iaeaaeiaiiy ? nenoai,
ye? noai?ththoue aenieee iaaei??iee oene aai aeeaieee aaeooi;
a) i?aeaeuaii? o 2…3 ?ace, o ii??aiyii? o?aaeeoe?eii ia?iaey?ieie
AeE, yeino? aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy ye ca ?? ia?aiao?e/ieie oa i?oei?nieie
aeaieie, oae ? ca aiaiacaoenieie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie;
a) iiaeeea?noue ?iciianthaeaeaiiy ?ic?iaeaiiai iaoiaeo aeeaieiai
i?ini/aiiy oa iaeano? ia?iaee AeE, ye? aeoiaeyoue ca iaae?
i?ioeiiaeaaeii? aaciaee ? cae?eniaiiy aoaeoeaiiai i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie,
i?e yeiio iio??ai? aenie? iaaei??i? oenee, ?ioeie, i?ae aioei??aie,
i?ini/oaaeueieie iaoa??aeaie.
Ii?iaoaaiiy ?iaioe. Ca iniiaieie ?acoeueoaoaie aeena?oaoe?eii?
?iaioe c?iaeaii 4 iaoeiaeo aeiiia?ae?:
ia iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Iiaeaaeia aaciaea”, 1997 ?. (i.Ee?a);
ia iaoeiaiio nai?ia?? o IAeA-5 Oe?IAe?IA IAN Oe?a?ie, 1998 ?.
(i.Oa?e?a);
ia iaoeiaeo nai?ia?ao o IAeIE? “Iiei?y” OAeIO, 1997-1998 ?.?.
(i.Oa?e?a).
Ioae?eaoe??. Iaoa??aee aeenao?aoe?? a?aeia?aaeai? o 4 noaooyo,
iaei?e iaoiaeeoe? oa aeaio ca?oao c iaoeiai-aeine?aeii? ?iaioe.
No?oeoo?a ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny c anooio,
/ioe?ueio ?icae?e?a, cae?i/aiiy, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae, yea
aeeth/a? 106 iaeiaioaaiue oa aeaio aeiaeaoe?a. Ci?no ?iaioe aeeeaaeaiee
ia 142 noi??ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, yeee aeeth/a? 25 ?ethno?aoe?e ?
8 oaaeeoeue.
C I ? N O ? I A I O E .
O anooi? iaa?oioiaaia aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeena?oaoe??,
noi?ioeueiaaia iaoa ?iaioe, a?aeia?aaeaia iaoeiaa iiaecia oa i?aeoe/ia
oe?ii?noue, iaaaaeai? iieiaeaiiy, ye? aeiinyoueny ia caoeno, aeai? i?i
ia?iaeii-ainiiaea?nueea cia/aiiy ? aoaeo a?ae oi?iaaaeaeaiiy
?acoeueoao?a ?iaioe.
O ia?oiio ?icae?e? iaaaaeaiee iaeyae ? iaaea?oueny aiae?c
no/aniiai noaio ieoaiiy, iia`ycaiiai c i?iaeaiith caaacia/aiiy
iiaeaaeiaaciaee aea?aa`yieo eiino?oeoe?e.
Iiaeeaeaii ?icaeyiooa ieoaiiy i?i noai i?iaeaie a iaeano?
aiaiacaoenoo AeE. Iniaeeaa oaaaa i?e oeueiio i?eae?eaia aiae?co
aoaeoaaiiy, no?oeoo?e, a oaeiae aeanoeainoyi aea?aaeie o aniaeoao ??
aiaiacaoenoo ia iniia? ia?iaee caoenieie caniaaie. Iieacaii, ui
iiaa?oiaaa oa aeeaiea i?ini/aiiy AeE oa ieeiiaoa??ae?a ACC ? aoaeoeaiei
iaoiaeii i?aeaeuaiiy ?o aiaiano?eeino?, ?, ye iane?aeie, cieaeaiiy
e?eueeino? iiaeaae ? caiiae?yii? ieie oeiaee.
Iaaaaeaiee aiae?c noaio i?iaeaie, iia`ycaii? c caaacia/aiiyi
iiaeaaeiaaciaee AeE ia iniia? ?o ia?iaee ACC. Aecia/aii, ui noaiiaeua c
aiaiacaoenoii o oaia??oi?e /an iacaaeia?eueia ia o?eueee /a?ac iae?
ianyae ?? canoinoaaiiy, a oaeiae iecueeo ye?noue ia?iaee, ui
i?iaiaeeoueny ? iaaeinoaoiueiai aeei?enoaiiy o oeueiio iai?yieo
aeinyaiaiue iaoee, iniaeeai a iaeano? aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie.
Ia iniia? aeaoaeueiiai aiae?co no/anieo, ?aaeaiaioiaaieo ae?th/eie
?ino?oeoe?yie oa ii?iaoeaieie aeieoiaioaie, iaoiae?a oa niinia?a
i?ini/aiiy AeE ACC iieacaii, ui aeei?enoaiiy ?o o?aaeeoe?eieo iaoiae?a
noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny cia/ieie iaoa??aeueieie ? oei/aniaeie aeo?aoaie. O
ca`yceo c oeei aoa c?iaeaiee iaa?oioiaaiee aeniiaie i?i iaiao?aei?noue
aeei?enoaiiy c oe??th iaoith iaoiae?a i?ini/aiiy, iniiaaieo ia iiaeo
o?ce/ieo i?eioeeiao ? aenieeo iaoeiaeo oaoiieia?yo. C onueiai
??ciiiai?ooy oeeo iaoiae?a iaa?oioiaaii aoa c?iaeaiee aea?? ia ei?enoue
aeaeo?ia?ae?i?iioeueniiai iaoiaeo i?ini/aiiy AeE ACC ia iniia?
AA-aoaeoo.
I?iaaaeaiee ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c canoiniao?ieo o a?o/eciyi?e
i?aeoeoe? aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy AeE ACC iieacaa, ui iaea?eueo aeioe?eueii
ca nai?ie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie aeey oeueiai canoiniaoaaoe neeaaee IN (1:1)
oa AAII-1.
O ?acoeueoao? aoee noi?ioeueiaai? iaoa, iaeanoue oa iniiai?
iai?yiee aeine?aeaeaiiy aeey ?ica`ycaiiy caaaeaiue, ui noiyoue o
aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio?.
Ae?oaee ?icae?e i?enay/aiee aeine?aeaeaiiyi i?aeoe/ieo aniaeo?a
aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai aoaeoo ye iaoiaeo noai?aiiy iaaei??ieo oene?a aeey
aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy aea?aa`yieo eiino?oeoe?e aiaiacaoenieie caniaaie.
A?aecia/aii, ui AA-aoaeo yaey? niaith i?ioean ia?aoai?aiiy
aeaeo?e/ii? aia?a?? o iaoai?/io aia?a?th a?ae?iaeeiai?/iiai
a?aeoeiaeoaaiiy, yea aeieea? i?e ?iioeueniiio ?ic?yae? o ??aeei?. I?e
aenieiaieueoiiio ?iioeueniiio ?ic?yae? o ??aeei? aeieeathoue ieaciaii?,
oaieia?, oeueo?acaoeia? oa ?io? yaeua, ye? noai?ththoue iiooaeiee
oaea?iee oene, yeee i?e ni?yiiaoaaii? eiai ia caio?ai? o oeth ??aeeio
eai?ey?ii-ii?eno? iaoa??aee i?eaiaeeoue aei ?ioaineo?eaoe?? i?ini/aiiy
oeeo iaoa??ae?a ??aeeiith.
Iniiaiith i?iaeaiith i?aeoe/ii? ?aae?caoe?? iaoiaeo AA-aoaeoo c
iaoith aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie, yea noi?oue o aeai?e ?iaio?, aoei
aecia/aiiy aaee/eie a?ae?iaeeiai?/iiai oeneo ia oaoiieia?/iee ia`?eo i?e
oiia? cae?eniaiiy i?ioeano aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy oa iac?oeioaaiiy ye
naiiai ia`?eoo, oae ? oaoiieia?/iiai iniauaiiy. I?e oeueiio e?ioeaaith
iaoith aoei aecia/aiiy iniiaieo aeaeo?e/ieo ia?aiao??a
ca?yaeii-?ic?yaeiiai eiioo?o AA-onoaiiaee, i?aeaeaeo?iaeieo ?ic?yaeieo
a?aeaeaeaiue oa ?aaeei?a ?iaioe oaoiieia?/iiai aeieo.
Ae??oaiiy aeaii? i?iaeaie o iaaeao aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aoei
cae?eniaia aenia?eiaioaeueii c iiia?aaei?i oai?aoe/iei aiae?cii iniiaieo
??aiyiue aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?ee.
Aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy i?aeoe/ieo aniaeo?a aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai
i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie o IAeIE? “Iiei?y” ?ic?iaeaia ? noai?aia
niaoe?aeueia aenia?eiaioaeueia onoaiiaea.
O i?ioean? aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue aoei anoaiiaeaii, ui
/ei ei?iooee ?iioeuen no?oio, e?oo?oa eiai o?iio ? aeua aiie?ooaea, oei
ei?iooee oa neeuei?oee a?ae?aae?/iee oaea?.
Ca?eueoaiiy aeaeo?e/ii? ?iiino? ia i?inoi i?aeneeth? aia?a?th
?ic?yaeo, aea e ciaioo? ia??iae caanaiiy, noai?thth/e a?eueo e?ooo
aiie?ooaeo no?oio. Ii??aiyiiy inoeeeia?ai no?oio i?e ?iiinoyo 0,05 ? 1
ieO iieacaei, ui o ia?oiio aeiaaeeo ia??iae caanaiiy a o?e ?ace a?eueoa,
aaee/eia aiie?ooaee ia
28 % iaioa, a ?ic?yae i?io?ea? o?ce/ii o 2 aoaie, oae ye ae?oaee
?iioeuen ia? a?eueoee ia??iae caanaiiy ? aiie?ooaeo, ??aio aeecueei 1/3
aiie?ooaee ae?oaiai ?iioeueno. O ae?oaiio aeiaaeeo aeoiaeeoue ?ic?yae c
e?ooei o?iioii ? c ei?ioeei ia??iaeii caanaiiy.
Aeey caaacia/aiiy iio??aii? oaoiieia?/iino? i?e aeeaieiio
i?ini/oaaii? aea?aa`yieo eiino?oeoe?e aiaiacaoenieie iaoa??aeaie
iaea?eueo ni?eyoeea?
?iioeuene i?e ?iiinoyo 1-10 ieO. C?inoaiiy iai?oaeaiiy i?eaiaeeoue aei
?inoo aiie?ooaee no?oio i?e oiio ae ia??iae? caanaiiy. ?aeiiaiaeothoueny
?aaeeie c iai?oaeaiiyi 25-30 eA ? ?ii?noth 5…6 ieO. *anoioa ?ic?yae?a ia
iiaeiia ia?aaeuoaaoe 10-15 ?ic?./n. Iaea?eueo iioeiaeueia – 0,3-5
?ic?./n. Iioeiaeueia aaee/eia iniiaieo ?ic?yaeieo i?ii?aee?a 2…8 ii, i?e
iai?oaeaii? 25-30 eA.
Aeoiaey/e c aeuaaeeeaaeaiiai aoee aea?ai? aeaeo?e/i? ia?aiao?e
?ic?yaeiiai eiioo?o onoaiiaee oa ?? iniiai? oaoiieia?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee
aeey i?ini/aiiy 1aei2 aea?aaeie:
?ic?yaeia iai?oaeaiiy………………………. 25-30 eA
O?eaae?noue ?iioeueno………………………… 10-50 ien
Aeaeo?e/ia ?ii?noue…………………………. 0,3-1 ieO
E?euee?noue ?ic?yae?a…………………………… 80-100 ?ic?.
Aaee/eia ?ic?yaeiiai i?ii?aeeo…………… 2-8 ii
Aaee/eia oi?ioth/iai i?ii?aeeo…………. 10-30 ii
Niiaeeaaeueia aia?a?y……………………….. 1,7-2,5 eAeae
*an i?ini/aiiy……………………………… 20-30 oaee.
Aeey cae?eniaiiy aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy AeE, ye? iathoue i?ioyaeio
aai ieineinio eiio?ao?aoe?th o ?iaio? iaa?oioiaaiee niin?a i?inoi?iaiai
?icoaooaaiiy na??? ?ic?yaeieo i?ii?aee?a AA-onoaiiaee iaae ia?iaey?iith
eiino?oeoe??th c o?aooaaiiyi ?? eiio?ao?aoe??.
O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? o eiiieaeni?e iinoaiiaoe? i?iaaaeai?
oai?aoe/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioean?a ?iioeueniiai i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie
aiaiacaoenieie caniaaie. A iniiao oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue aoea
iieeaaeaia niaoe?aeueii ?ic?iaeaia iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaeue i?ioean?a
oi?iaaaeaeaiiy i?ini/oth/i? ??aeeie o ii?eno? no?oeoo?e, oa?aeoa?i? ca
nai?ie aeanoeainoyie aea?aaei?, i?ae aieeaii na??? ?iioeuen?a oeneo.
Aeey iaoaiaoe/iiai iieno aeine?aeaeo?iiai i?ioeano i?ini/aiiy
aea?aaeie aoee i?eeiyo? ianooii? i?eiouaiiy:
i?ini/o?ia aea?aaeia i?aaenoaaeyeany o aeaeyae? ii?enoiai o?ea;
i?ioean i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie iieno?oueny caeiiaie o?eueo?aoe??;
?iciiae?eaiiy oene?a ia ciai?oiueiio aioe? i?ini/o?ii? aea?aaeie
aaaaea?oueny caaeaiei, ia aioo??oiueiio aioe? aeei?enoiaothoueny oiiae
iai?io?eaiiy (??ai?noue ioeth ii?iaeueii? aei iaae? eiiiiiaioe
oaeaeeino?);
i?ini/o?ia ??aeeia aaaaea?oueny ianoenea?iith iuethoii?anueeith
??aeeiith.
O ?iaio? aoei iieacaii, ui o aeiaaeeo, eiee ia iiaa?oi? ia?iaey?ii?
aea?aa`yii? caaioiaee noai?th?oueny ??aiii??iee oene, caaaeaiiy
caiaeeoueny aei iaeiii??iiai (?en.1).
?en. 1 – ?ic?aooieiaa iiaeaeue
sseui acyoe, ui o ii/aoeiaee iiiaio iai?? ??aeeie o aea?aaei?
aei??aith? ioeth, a ia ciai?oi?e iiaa?oi? (O=I) ci?ith?oueny ca caeiiii:
(1)
;
– iieaciee nooi?iy,
, t ) = 0, oi o oeueiio aeiaaeeo iinoaaeaia caaaeaiiy aoei iienaia
ianooiiei iae?i?eiei ??aiyiiyi:
(2)
c a?aie/ieie oa ii/aoeiaeie oiiaaie aeaeo:
0 0, h (o,0) = 0, h (0, t) = h0(t), h ( (,
t ) = 0, (3)
(4)
( – ii?eno?noue aea?aaeie, k – i?iieei?noue aea?aaeie
i?ini/oaaeueiith ??aeeiith, g – i?enei?aiiy neee aaae, ( – a`yce?noue
i?ini/oth/i? ??aeeie, ( – u?euei?noue i?ini/oth/i? ??aeeie.
Aeey ?ic?aooieo ci?i ?iciiae?eaiiy i`?ciiao?e/iiai iaii?o ca
aeeaeiith i?ini/o?iiai c?acea c /anii i?e i?eeeaaeaii? na??? ?iioeuen?a
oeneo, a oaeiae aecia/aiiy aeeaeie i?ini/aiiy oa iane iiaeeiooiai
aea?aaeiith ?ic/eio aioei??aia aoa aeei?enoaiee iaoiae /enaeueiiai
iiaeaethaaiiy, nooue yeiai iieyaa? a oiio, ui ??aiyiiy (2) caienoaaeiny
o ??ci?e oi?i? oa ae??ooaaeiny ia
eiaeiiio /aniaiio e?ioe? iaoiaeii i?iaiiee c ?oa?aoe?yie. ?oa?aoe?eiee
i?ioean i?iaeiaaeoaaany aei oeo i??, iiee a on?o aoceao a?ao ia aeinyany
iaia?aae caaeaiee ia??o ?aooieo a 1 %.
Aiae?c iieacaa, ui ao?o/aiiy i?ini/o?ii? ??aeeie o aea?aaeio
i?aaenoaaey? niaith neeaaeiee i?ioean, yeee caeaaeeoue a?ae aaaaoueio
oaeoi??a, iniiaieie c yeeo ?:
oaeoi?e, ye? oa?aeoa?ecothoue ia`?eo i?ini/aiiy;
oaeoi?e, ye? iaeaaeaoue aei i?ini/oth/iai neeaaeo;
oaeoi?e, ye? aieeaathoue ciai?.
Aei ia?oi? a?oie oaeoi??a iaeaaeaoue oaeoi?e, iia`ycai? c
??cieoeath aeae?a aea?aaeie oa ?o aeanoeainoyie ii a?aeiioaiith aei
i?ini/aiiy, yea oa?aeoa?eco?oueny eiao?oe??ioaie ii?enoino? ( ?
i?iieeiino? k.
Aei ae?oai? a?oie iaeaaeaoue oaeoi?e, ye? oa?aeoa?ecothoue
i?ini/oth/? aeanoeaino? ai?iaaaeaeo?iiai o aea?aaeio aiaiacaoeniiai
neeaaeo – eiai a`yce?noue oa u?euei?noue.
Ciai?oi? aieeaath/? oaeoi?e ia`?aeiothoue o nia?
aiie?ooaeii-oei/ania? oa?aeoa?enoeee ?iioeueno oeneo (iaeneiaeueiee oene
?i oa o?eaae?noue ?iioeueno te), /enei aieeaath/eo ?iioeuen?a aeeneo n,
a oaeiae ?ioaa?aeueiee ia?aiao? – aia?a?y, aeo?a/aia ia i?ini/aiiy W.
Aiae?c ii?iaoeaii? aeieoiaioaoe?? ? ?ino?oeoe?e, ?aaeaiaiooth/eo
i?ioean i?ini/aiiy AeE iieacaa, ui ia nueiaiaeiyoi?e aeaiue iaia?
iaeiicia/iiai ii?iiaaiiai ia?aiao?o, aecia/ath/iai e?eoa??? aeeaieiai
i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie. O ?iaio? a yeino? oeeo ia?aiao??a ocaaaeueiaii
aoee aea?ai? aeeaeia i?iieeaiiy ACC o aea?aaeio (d) oa ieoiia aaaa ACC,
yeee i?iiee o i?ini/o?io aea?aaeio (m).
Aia?oa ia iniia? ?ic?iaeaii? iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae? o eiiieaeni?e
iinoaiiaoe? aoee i?iaaaeai? iiaeeaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioean?a
i?iieeiaiiy i?ini/oth/i? ??aeeie o aea?aaeio a oiiaao aieeao ?iioeuenieo
oene?a c o?aooaaiiyi aieeao ia oe? i?ioeane iniiaieo oaeoi??a ? aoee
onoaiiaeai? iniiai? ?o caeiiii??iino?.
Ioe?iea oa?aeoa?o ?iioeueniiai i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie ??cieo ni?o?a
iieacaea, ui i?e ?ioeo ??aieo oiiaao a?eueo u?euei? ni?oe aea?aaeie
iio?aaothoue i?e iaeiaeia?e aeeaei? i?ini/aiiy iaio ieoiii? aaae
i?ini/oaa?ii? ??aeeie. Oaeiae aoei anoaiiaeaii, ui aeey a?eueo u?eueieo
ni?o?a aea?aaeie, ye? iathoue iaioa cia/aiiy ocaaaeueithth/iai
eiao?oe??ioo (/k, i?ioean i?ini/aiiy iiaeia cae?enithaaoe i?e ?ioeo
??aieo oiiaao ia a?eueoo aeeaeio, i?ae aeey iaio u?eueieo ni?o?a i?e
cieaeaii? iane i?ini/oaaeueii? ??aeeie (?en.2).
a)
a)
?en. 2 – Caeaaei?noue aeeaeie i?ini/aiiy (a) oa ieoiii? iane
i?ini/oaaeueii? ??aeeie (a) a?ae aieeaath/eo oaeoi??a (n = 100)
1 – Pm = 100 aoi; 2 – ?m = 300 aoi; 3 – ?m = 650 aoi;
4 – ?m = 1000 aoi; 5 – ?m = 1500 aoi.
*aoaa?oee ?icae?e aeena?oaoe?? i?enay/aiee aenia?eiaioaeueiei
aeine?aeaeaiiyi i?ioean?a i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie aioei??aiaie ia i?aenoaa?
aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai aoaeoo.
A iaaeao aeeiiaiiy aeaii? ?iaioe i?iaaaeaiiy eiiieaeno
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue iiaeii? aoee ae??oeoe ianooii? iniiai?
caaaeaiiy:
a) aecia/aiiy cia/aiue a?aenooi?o aaciaeo ia?aiao??a, iaiao?aeieo
aeey ?aae?caoe?? /enaeueieo ?ic?aooie?a aeey oai?aoe/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
?iioeueniiai i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie;
a) i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiy o yeino? e?eoa??th aeinoia??iino? ?acoeueoao?a,
i?iaaaeaieo oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue i?ioean?a i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie ia
iniia? AA-aoaeoo, a oaeiae aaeaeaaoiino? ?ic?iaeaii? iaoaiaoe/ii?
iiaeae? oeei i?ioeanii;
a) aeiiiaiaiiy, ooi/ithaaiiy oa ?icoe?aiiy iaeano? oai?aoe/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue, ye? a neeo iaiaaeaiino? iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae? oa
i?eeiyoeo aeiiouaiue ? iaiiaieie, aeaieie, ye? iiaeooue aooe io?eiai?
aeeeth/ii aenia?eiaioaeueiei oeyoii;
a) ia?iaea oeyo?a i?aeoe/ii? ?aae?caoe?? i?ini/aiiy aea?aa`yieo
eiino?oeoe?e aiaiacaoenieie caniaaie ia iniia? AA-aoaeoo oa
nenoaiaoecaoe?y ia?aiao??a aeaiiai iaoiaeo o aniaeoao oaoiieia??
i?ioeano;
ae) aeine?aeaeaiiy ye?nieo oa?aeoa?enoee cai?iiiiiaaiiai iaoiaeo
i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie o aniaeoao ?? i?ioeiiaeaaeieo aeanoeainoae.
On? aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy aoee i?iaaaeai? ia c?aceao
aea?aaeie, ye? i?aaenoaaeythoue ianooii? a?oie ii AINO 2022.2-80:
ninia cae/aeia (caaieiiue) – eaaeii?ini/o?ia;
aa?aca (caaieiiue) – eaaeii?ini/o?ia;
aeoa (yae?i) – aaaeeii?ini/o?iee.
C?acee eiaeiiai aeaeo aea?aaeie aoee cai?iiiiiaai? o?ueiia oeiaie:
eaaae?aoia 100 o 100 o 20 ii, aeene ( 150 o 20 ii oa ia?aeaeai?iaae 150
o 60 o 30 ii.
Caeaoi?noue aea?aaeie i?ini/oaaoeny aioei??aiaie iiaea aeinoaoiuei
iiaii oa?aeoa?ecoaaoeny aeaiia eiao?oe??ioaie: eiao?oe??ioii ii?enoino?
((), oa?aeoa?ecoth/ei ianyaiao caeaoi?noue aea?aaeie iiaeeiaoe ?ic/ei
aioei??aio, oa eiao?oe??ioii i?iieeiino? (k), oa?aeoa?ecoth/ei
aeeiai?/io caeaoi?noue aea?aaeie i?iioneaoe ?ic/ei aioei??aio /a?ac
naith iiaa?oith.
Oe? aeaa eiao?oe??ioe aenia?eiaioaeueii aoee aecia/ai? o ?iaio?
i?aeoe/ii aeey on?o oe?iei canoiniao?ieo ia i?aeoeoe? ii?iae aea?aaeie
oa aeei?enoiao?ieo ?ic/ei?a aioei??ai?a (oaae.1). Aeey aecia/aiiy
eiao?oe??io?a ii?enoino? oa i?iieeiino? aoee aeei?enoai? iaoiaeeee, ye?
aacothoueny ia i?aeoiaeao, aeeeaaeaieo o AINO 16588-91, AINO
20022.14-84, AINO 20022.6-93 oa AINO 16483.20-72.
Oaaeeoey 1 – Ia?aiao?e, ye? oa?aeoa?ecothoue i?ini/oaaeuei? caniae
??cieo ni?o?a aea?aaeie.
Ni?o aea?aaeie Eiao?oe??io ii?enoino? (() Eiao?oe??io
i?iieeiino? (k) (/ k
Ninia 0,45 1,8 o 10-9 0,25 o 109
Aa?aca 0,33 1,75 o 10-9 0,19 o 109
Aeoa 0,16 1,7 o 10-9 0,09 o 109
Aaaeeeaei aniaeoii aeine?aeaeaiue i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie ca
aeiiiiiaith aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai aoaeoo aoei aecia/aiiy aieeao ia oeae
i?ioean aeanoeainoae i?ini/o?ii? ?a/iaeie. sse iieacaa aiae?c
?acoeueoao?a i?iaaaeaieo o oeueiio iai?yieo aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue aeanoeaino? oa oa?aeoa? aiaeieo ?ic/ei?a aiaiacaoenieo
cania?a i?aeoe/ii ia a?ae??ciythoueny a?ae aiaee oa nooo?ai ia
aieeaathoue ia i?ioean aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie.
Iaaooue, oea iia`ycaii c oei, ui o i?ioean? i?ini/aiiy
aeei?enoiaothoueny neaai iane/ai? 20 % ?ic/eie aioei??ai?a, ye? ca
nai?ie aeaeo?io?ce/ieie aeanoeainoyie aeecuee? aei aeanoeainoae aiaee.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao oi?oe?a i?ini/o?ieo c?ace?a ia io?eio?i?
?acoeueoaoe, aoei cae?eniaii oeyoii ii??aiyiiy u?eueiino? ?iciiae?eo
aioei??aia o ?o c??cao. O?noue c?ace?a ninie i?ieoee /anoeiaa i?ini/aiiy
o AA onoaiiaoe? (10 ?iioeuen?a), iio?i aoee aenooai?. A?ae eiaeiiai
c?acea (acaeiaae iaeiiai c aie?a ?ici??ii 100 ii) a?ae??caeeny aeaiaioe
?ici??ii 10 o 100 o 20 ii. A?ae??cai? aeaiaioe (?acii c oe?nith)
caaaeoaaeeny.
?acoeueoaoe ona?aaeiaiiy io?eiaieo cia/aiue ca on?ia c?aceaie, a
oaeiae ii e?a?e oa i?aa?e /anoeiai eiaeiiai c?acea iieacaee, ui
a?aei?ii?noue a?aeiinii? iane aeaiaio?a c e?a?a (0,104) ia i?aaeuo? 10
%. I?e oeueiio aoa a?aecia/aiee oe?eaaee oaeo, ui iaeneiaeueia cia/aiiy
iane ia? ia?aaeinoaii?e, a ia inoaii?e aeaiaio. Aoaeo ciaioaiiy
iaeneioio oaeea c?acea iiynith?oueny eai?ey?ieie aeanoeainoyie
aea?aaeie, yea i?e aenoooaaii? c?aceo i?iaeiaaeoaaea iiaeeiaoe ?ic/ei
aioei??aio c a?aie/ieo iaeanoae.
Aenia?eiaioaeueia icia/aiiy aeeaeie i?iieeiaiiy i?ini/o?ii? ??aeeie
o aea?aaeio aecia/aeinue oeyoii aaaaeaiiy aei i?ini/o?iiai ?ic/eio
eiio?anoii? oa?aoth/i? ?a/iaeie oa cae?eniaiiy eiio?ieueieo cai???a
aeeaeie eiai i?iieeiaiiy ia nieeao iaeiioeiieo c?ace?a i?ney iiaea/?
?nioth/iai /enea ?iioeuen?a oeneo.
Aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a noaoenoe/ii? ia?iaee aaeeei? e?eueeino?
aei??thaaiue aeeaeie i?iieeiaiiy oa i?ea?n iane i?ini/o?ii? ??aeeie o
c?aceao aea?aaeie a caeaaeiino? a?ae /enea i?eeeaaeaieo ?iioeuen?a oeneo
iieacaa, ui ca?eueoaiiy iane c?aceo ia 20 – 25 % aeinyaa?oueny aaea i?e
80 ?iioeuenao oeneo. Iiaeeiaiiy c?ace?a iane ?ic/eio aioei??aio ??aii?
2 o 10-2 ea aea?aaeaioii iiaeeiaiith 200 ea/i3, ui aeecueei aei
a?aie/ieo cia/aiue, ?aeiiaiaeo?ieo ?ino?oeoe??th c canoinoaaiiy AAII-1,
aeey caaacia/aiiy aaaeeiniaeeiiai nooiaith aiaiacaoenoo aea?aaeie.
C?noaaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a oaioa?e/ieo oa aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue iieacaei ?o aeinoaoiuei aeia?ee ca?a (?icoiaeaeaiiy ia
a?eueo 10 %), ui na?ae/eoue i?i ei?aeoi?noue cai?iiiiiaaii? iaoaiaoe/ii?
iiaeae?, yea iieno? i?ioean ?iioeueniiai i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie oa
u?euei?noth i?aeoaa?aeaeo? ?acoeueoaoe io?eiaieo ia ?? iniia?
oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue (?en.3).
?en. 3 – Caeaaei?noue aeeaeie i?ini/aiiy (a) oa ieoiii? iane
i?ini/o?ii? ??aeeie (a) a?ae a?aeiioaiiy (/k i?e ?m = 650 aoi; n = 100.
Ia i?aenoaa? aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue aoea i?iaaaeaia
ii??aiyeueia ioe?iea aoaeoeaiino? o?aaeeoe?eieo iaoiae?a aeeaieiai
i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie iaoiaeii caii/oaaiiy oa aaoieeaaiiai i?ini/aiiy c
iaoiaeii AA-i?ini/aiiy (?en.4). C?noaaeaiiy iaaaaeaieo e?eaeo
iaeiicia/ii iieaco?, ui iaoiae AA-i?ini/aiiy caaacia/o? i?enei?aiiy
i?ini/aiiy o aaaaoi ?ac?a, i?e /iio aoaeoeai?noue oei aeua, /ei a?eueoo
aeeaeio i?ini/aiiy iaiao?aeii caaacia/eoe.
?en. 4 – Caeaaei?noue aeeaeie i?ini/aiiy ninie a?ae /ano aeey ??cieo
niinia?a ?? ?aae?caoe?? (1 – AA-aoaeo (?i = 650 aoi, n = 100), 2 –
aaoieeaaia i?ini/aiiy (? = 20 aoi), 3 – i?ia??a-oieiaeia aaiia, 4 –
cae/aeia caii/oaaiiy).
Iniiaiei e?eoa???i aecia/aiiy aoaeoeaiino? aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy
aea?aaeie o aniaeoao ?? i?ioeiiaeaaeii? aaciaee ? i?iaaaeaiiy aiaiaaeo
aei?iaoaaiue ia c?aceao oe??? aea?aaeie. Aecia/aiiy aei yei? a?oie
ai?th/ino? iaeaaeaoue c?acee ia?iaeaii? aea?aaeie o ?iaio? aoei
cae?eniaii ca AINO 12.1.044-89 “Iiaea?iac?uaiaaciianiinoue aauanoa e
iaoa?eaeia. Iiiaieeaoo?a iieacaoaeae e iaoiaeu eo ii?aaeaeaiey”.
?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaieo aei?iaoaaiue c?ace?a aea?aaeie, i?aeaeaoeo
aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiio niiniao aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy aioei??aiii AAII-1
iieacaee, ui aiie iaeaaeaoue aei a?oie “aaaeeiai?th/?” c a?eueo aenieeie
iieacieeaie nooiaiy aiaiacaoenoo, i?ae c?acee, ye? aoee i?aeaeao?
aeeaieiio i?ini/oaaiith o?aaeeoe?eieie niiniaaie.
C A A A E Ue I ? A E N I I A E E .
1.Aeeaiea i?ini/aiiy aea?aa`yieo eiino?oeoe?e oa ieeiiaoa??ae?a
aioei??aiaie ? aoaeoeaiei niiniaii i?aeaeuaiiy ?o aiaiacaoenoo, ?, ye
iane?aeie, cieaeaiiy /enea iiaeaae oa caiiae?yii? ieie oeiaee, iaeiae,
iieiaeaiiy c aiaiacaoenoii o oe?e iaeano? ca?ac iacaaeia?eueia ia
o?eueee /a?ac iae? ianyae ?? canoinoaaiiy, aea oaeiae /a?ac iecueeo
ye?noue i?iaiaeeii? ia?iaee oa iaaeinoaoiueiai aeei?enoaiiy o oeueiio
iai?yieo aeinyaiaiue iaoee.
2.Ia iniia? aiae?co iiaeo iaoeiaeo aenieeo oaoiieia?e, ye?
canoiniaothoueny aeey ia?iaee aea?aaeie, ia?aoioiaaia canoinoaaiiy
aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai aoaeoo a yeino? aaciaiai iaoiaeo noai?aiiy
iaiao?aeieo iaaei??ieo ?iioeuenieo oene?a aeey cae?eniaiiy aeeaieiai
i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie aioei??aiaie.
3.I?iaaaeaia iienaiiy o?ce/ieo i?ioean?a, iia`ycaieo c
aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iei aoaeoii ? iiaeaia iaa?oiooaaiiy iiaeeeaino? eiai
canoinoaaiiy c iaoith aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie aioei??aiaie.
Noai?aia aenia?eiaioaeueia onoaiiaea aeey i?aeoe/ii? ?aae?caoe??
aeeaieiai aiaiacaoenoo aea?aaeie ia iniia? aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai aoaeoo,
aecia/ai? ia?aiao?e oaea?ii? aieie c oi/ee ci?o oaoiieia?/iino? i?ioeano
i?ini/aiiy oa iioeiaeueiiai aeai?o aeaeo?e/ieo ia?aiao??a
aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/ii? onoaiiaee.
4.?ic?iaeaia iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaeue, yea aeicaiey? iaeneiaeueii iaaeeaeaii
aei ?aaeueieo oiia iienoaaoe i?ioeane i?iieeiaiiy i?ini/oaaeueieo
iaoa??ae?a o aea?aa`yi? eiino?oeoe?? i?e ?o ia?iaoe? ?iioeueniei oeneii
c aeei?enoaiiyi AA-aoaeoo, cae?eniaia iinoaiiaea caaaeaiiy oa iiaeaiee
iaoiae eiai ?ica`ycaiiy.
5.Aia?oa ia iniia? ?ic?iaeaii? iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae? a eiiieaeni?e
iinoaiiaoe? i?iaaaeai? iiaeeaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioean?a i?iieeiaiiy
i?ini/oth/i? ??aeeie o aea?aaeio a oiiaao aieeao na??? ?iioeuenieo
oene?a c o?aooaaiiyi aieeao ia oe? i?ioeane iniiaieo oaeoi??a, ui
oa?aeoa?ecothoue ia`?eo i?ini/aiiy eiai ii?enoino? ? i?iieeiino?, oa
aaaaeaiee ocaaaeueithth/ee eiao?oe??io, yeee oa?aeoa?eco? aieea oeeo
ia?aiao??a ia i?ioean ?iioeueniiai i?ini/aiiy.
6.I?iaaaeaiee eiiieaen aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue.
Aenia?eiaioaeueii aecia/ai? /enaeuei? cia/aiiy aeeiai?/ieo eiao?oe??io?a
ii?enoino? ? i?iieeiino? aeey c?ace?a iaea?eueo oe?iei canoiniao?ieo o
i?aeoeoe? aoae?aieoeoaa ii?iae aea?aaeie – ninie, aa?ace oa aeoao.
7.Aenia?eiaioaeueii aeine?aeaeaiee i?ioean aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy
aea?aaeie ia iniia? AA-aoaeoo c o?aooaaiiyi aieeao ?aaeueii ?nioth/eo
oaeoi??a. Ii??aiyiiy ?acoeueoao?a i?iaaaeaieo oai?aoe/ieo oa
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue iieacaei, ui ?o ?icoiaeaeaiiy ia
i?aaeuo? 10 %, ui i?aeoaa?aeaeo? aaeaeaaoi?noue cai?iiiiiaaii?
iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae? ?aaeueiei i?ioeanai ?iioeueniiai i?ini/aiiy
aea?aaeie.
8.Ii??aiyeueia aenia?eiaioaeueia ioe?iea ??cieo niinia?a aeeaieiai
i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie: iaoiaeii AA-aoaeoo, aaoieeaaiiai i?ini/aiiy
i?ia??a – oieiaeia aaiia ? aeii/oaaiiy, iieacaea, ui iaoiae AA-aoaeoo o
ii??aiyii? c aeuaaeeeaaeaieie o?aaeeoe?eieie iaoiaeaie ? a?eueo
aeiiii?/iei ? oaoiieia?/iei, caaacia/oth/e i?e ?ioeo ??aieo oiiaao
i?ini/aiiy aea?aaeie ia aeeaeio 15 ii o na?aaeiueiio o 100 ?ac?a
oaeaeoa, i?ae aaoieeaaiee iaoiae, i?e oeueiio ia aeiaaath/e i?iaaaeaiiy
iiia?aaeiuei? i?aeaioiaee aea?aaeie o aeaeyae? noo?iiy oa iayaiino?
aei?iaieiooiaiiai aaeooiiiai iaeaaeiaiiy.
9.?acoeueoaoe aiaiaaeo aei?iaoaaiue c?ace?a aea?aaeie, i?aeaeaoeo
aeeaieiio i?ini/oaaiith iaoiaeii AA-aoaeoo iieacaee, ui aeaiee aeae
ia?iaee aeicaiey? i?e iaa?oioiaaieo ?aaeeiao ca 20 oaeeei ia?aaanoe
aea?aaeio a a?oio aaaeeiai?th/eo.
10.?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe ciaeoee i?aeoe/ia ai?iaaaeaeaiiy /a?ac ?ic?iaeaio
i?ae ea??aieoeoaii aaoi?a oa i?e eiai aaciina?aaei?e o/ano? ye?nii iiai?
iaoiaeeee ii cae?eniaiith aeeaieiai i?ini/aiiy aea?aa`yieo eiino?oeoe?e
aiaiacaoenieie caniaaie ia iniia? aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai aoaeoo ?
noai?aii? o i.Oa?eia? eiiieaeno ii aeeaieiio aiaiacaoenoo aea?aa`yieo
eiino?oeoe?e.
I N I I A I ? I O A E ? E A Oe ? ? II Ae E N A ? O A Oe ? ?
Ooaeia E.A., Naaiei A.E. Ianoiyoaeuenoaa, iiaeeaaeauea aeieacuaaieth i?e
?anneaaeiaaiee iiaea?ia \OEIA IAAe Oe?aeiu, Oa?ueeia: 1996. – 28 N.
E?aa/aiei A.E., ?aceieeia I.I., Naaiei A.E. Oai?aoe/aneea enneaaeiaaiey
i?ioeannia eiioeueniie i?iieoee aea?aayiiuo eiino?oeoeee iaiacaueoiuie
iaoa?eaeaie ia iniiaa yeaeo?iaeae?aaee/aneiai yooaeoa \ Na.iao/i.o?
“I?iaeaiu iiaea?iie aaciianiinoe” OEIA IAAe Oe?aeiu, aui. 3, Oa?ueeia:
1998. – N.82 – 87.
Naaiei A.E. N?aaieoaeueiay ioeaiea yooaeoeaiinoe o?aaeeoeeiiiuo iaoiaeia
aeoaieie i?iieoee ae?aaaneiu n iaoiaeii i?iieoee ia iniiaa
yeaeo?iaeae?aaee/aneiai yooaeoa / Iaoeiaee a?niee aoae?aieoeoaa, aei.4,
Oa?e?a: OAeOOAoaA, OIOA Aeaaeai?? AO, 1998. – N 54-57.
E?aa/aiei A.E., Eiycaa A.A., Naaiei A.E. Ii?aaeaeaiea eiyooeoeeaioia
ii?enoinoe e i?iieoeaaiinoe ae?aaaneiu / Iaoeiaee a?niee aoae?aieoeoaa,
aei.4, Oa?e?a: OAeOOAoaA, OIOA Aeaaeai?? AO, 1998. – N. 57-60.
Aiioaoe?y.
Na?iei I.?. I?aeaeuaiiy aiaiacaoenoo aea?aaeie aeeaieei i?ini/aiiyi
aioei??aiaie ia iniia? aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai aoaeoo – ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaith eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.26.03 – iiaeaaeia aaciaea. Oa?e?anueeee
aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e, Oa?e?a,
1998.
Aeena?oaoe?th i?enay/aii ae??oaiith iaeaaaeeea?oeo iaoeiaeo
i?iaeai, ni?yiiaaieo ia iaa?oiooaaiiy ? ?ic?iaeo aoaeoeaiiai iaoiaeo
i?aeaeuaiiy aiaiacaoenoo aea?aaeie aeeaieei i?ini/aiiyi c aeei?enoaiiyi
aeaeo?i?iioeuenii? oaoiieia?? io?eiaiiy aenieeo oene?a ia iniia?
aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iiai aoaeoo i?e ?ne?iaiio ?ic?yae? o aiaeieo ?ic/eiao
aioei??ai?a.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: aioei??aie, aea?aa`yi? eiino?oeoe??, aiaiacaoeni?
caniae, iiaeaaeiaaciaea, aeeaiea i?ini/aiiy, aeaeo?ia?ae?aae?/iee
aoaeo.
Aiiioaoeey.
Naaiei A.E. Iiauoaiea iaiacaueou ae?aaaneiu aeoaieie i?iieoeie
aioeie?aiaie ia iniiaa yeaeo?iaeae?aaee/aneiai yooaeoa – ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.26.03 – iiaea?iay aaciianiinoue. –
Oa?ueeianeee ainoaea?noaaiiue oaoie/aneee oieaa?neoao no?ieoaeuenoaa e
a?oeoaeoo?u, Oa?ueeia, 1998.
Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia ?aoaieth aaaeiuo iao/iuo i?iaeai,
iai?aaeaiiuo ia iainiiaaiea e ?ac?aaioeo yooaeoeaiiai iaoiaea iiauoaiey
iaiacaueou ae?aaaneiu aeoaieie i?iieoeie n eniieueciaaieai
yeaeo?ieiioeueniie oaoiieiaee iieo/aiey aunieeo aeaaeaiee ia iniiaa
yeaeo?iaeae?aaee/aneiai yooaeoa i?e ene?iaii ?ac?yaea a aiaeiuo
?anoai?ao aioeie?aiia.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: aioeie?aiu, aea?aayiiua eiino?oeoeee, iaiacaueoiua
n?aaenoaa, iiaea?iaaciianiinoue, aeoaieay i?iieoea,
yeaeo?iaeae?aaee/aneee yooaeo.
Abstract.
Saenko A.I. Increase flame retardance of wood by deep impregnation
antipyrenes on the basis of electrohydraulic effect. – Manuscript.
The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of the candidate
of engineering science on a speciality 05.26.03 – fire hazard. – Kharkov
State Technical University of Building and Architecture. Kharkov, 1998.
The dissertation is devoted to the decision of a major scientific
problem directed on a substantiation and development of an effective
method of increase flame retardance of wood by deep impregnation with
use to electropulse technology of reception of high pressure on the
basis of electrohydraulic effect at the spark category in water
solutions antipyrene.
Key words: antipyrenes, wooden designs, fire retardant of a means, fire
hazard, deep impregnation, electrohydraulic effect.
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