?INOEOOO OOEC?AO??? ? IOEUeIIIIEIA?? ?I. O.A.ssIIANUeEIAI
AEAAeAI?? IAAeE*IEO IAOE OE?A?IE
OAAEEI Ethaeieea ?aai?aia
OAeE: 616.233.-002.1:621.039.58
IA?AA?A O?II?*IIAI A?IIO?OO A O*ANIEE?A E?EA?AeAOe?? IANE?AeE?A AAA???
IA *I?IIAEEUeNUeE?E AAN
14.01.27 – ioeueiiiieia?y
AAOI?AOA?AO
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa iaaee/ieo iaoe
EE?A 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia a ?inoeooo? ee?i?/ii? ?aae?ieia?? Iaoeiaiai oeaio?o
?aae?aoe?eii? iaaeeoeeie AII Oe?a?ie
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: Aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe Eiia?aiei Aeieo?i ?aaiiae/,
?ioeooo ee?i?/ii? ?aae?ieia?? iaoeiaiai oeaio?o ?aae?aoe?eii? iaaeeoeeie
AII Oe?a?ie, ea??aiee a?aeae?eo oa?ai??
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:Aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Aecthaeee
Ieaenaiae? ss?ineaaiae/, ?inoeooo ooec?ao??? ? ioeueiiiieia?? ?i.
O.A.ssiianueeiai AII Oe?a?ie, caa?aeoaa/ a?aeae?eaiiyi oaoiieia?e
e?eoaaiiy ICE Aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Na?ioeeoeueeee Aiaoie?e
Noai?neaaiae/, Iaoe?iiaeueiee iaaee/iee oi?aa?neoao ?i. I.I.
Aiaiiieueoey, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?ith aini?oaeueii? oa?ai?? ? 2
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Aea?aeaaiee iaaee/iee oi?aa?neoao, eaoaae?a
ooec?ao??? oa ioeueiiiieia??, i. Euea?a
Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 29 ” /a?aiy 1999 ?. i 12 aiaeei?
ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.552.01 i?e ?inoeooo?
ooec?ao??? ? ioeueiiiieia?? ?i. O.A. ssiianueeiai AII Oe?a?ie (252000 i.
Ee?a, INI-680, oca?c I?ioan?a ss?, 7)
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo
ooec?ao??? oa ioeueiiiieia?? ?i. O.A. ssiianueeiai AII Oe?a?ie (252000
i. Ee?a, oca?c I?ioan?a ss?, 7)
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “ 20 ” o?aaiy 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
AE.A. Aaaioeaaa
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Aaa??y ia *i?iiaeeuenuee?e AAN (1986) i?ecaaea aei
cia/iiai ?aae?aoe?eiiai caa?oaeiaiiy oa?eoi??e Oe?a?ie, A?ei?on?,
i?eeaaeeo iaeanoae ?in?? ? aei ?noioiiai iia??oaiiy caei?ia’y
iino?aaeaeaeiai ianaeaiiy. Ianooaai?noue iaaaoeaieo iane?aee?a
eaoano?ioe, iia`ycaieo c ae??th onueiai eiiieaeno iani?eyoeeaeo /eiiee?a
?aae?aoe?eiiai iioiaeaeaiiy oa ?ioeo oaeoi??a ?eceeo, noa? i/aaeaeiith
eeoa a inoaii? ?iee (Ni?aeaiei TH.I. oa ni?aaao, 1992; A.A. ?iiaiaiei e
niaao., 1992; Oaeyaea ?.A. oa ni?aaao., 1992; O.A. Aaeiieay e niaao.,
1996).
Iaea?eueo ii?ii?iaiith oa iaei??th c iae/enaeuei?oeo eaoaai??e
ianaeaiiy, ui iioa?i?ea a?ae aaa??? ia *i?iiaeeuenuee?e AAN (*AAN), ?
o/anieee e?ea?aeaoe?? ?? iane?aee?a – “e?ea?aeaoi?e”, iniaeeai o? c ieo,
ooi aoa i?e/aoiee aei ?ia?o o ea?oi?-o?aai? 1986 ?ieo, a oaeiae i?ioyaii
onueiai ia??iaeo aei caaa?oaiiy aoae?aieoeoaa ia’?eoo “Oe?eooy” – aanie
1987 ?ieo (A.A. Aa?ueyooa? e niaao., 1995).
Oi?eaeuei?noue aeieia?/ii? neooaoe??, eio?a aeieeea aiane?aeie
eaoano?ioe ia *AAN, iieyaa? o ii?aeiaiiio aieeaia? ia i?aai?ci ethaeeie
ye ciai?oiueiai, oae ? aioo??oiueiai ii?ii?iaiiy, i?e/iio ?iaaeyoe?y
?aae?iioee?ae?a ? iaeiei c iniiaieo oeyo?a ?o ?iei?ii?oaaiiy. A iaaeao
30-e?eiiao?iai? ciie iaaeiei noaioe?? aioo??oi? ii?ii?iaiiy iaoiiaeaia
iaeaea aeeeth/ii aaeeoaiiyi aa?icie?a ?aae?iaeoeaieo ?a/iaei (A.E. Iiiia
e ciaao., 1991; A.O. O?ou, e niaao., 1988, Sali D. Et al, 1996).
Iciaee eiia?iiaaiiai ?aae?aoe?eiiai o?aaeaiiy i?aai?a aeeoaiiy aaeueie
??ciiiai?oi? ? i?iyaeythoueny, a iniiaiiio, o a?aeaeaeaiee ia??iae, a
ca’yceo c /ei ee?i?/i? neiioiie iioeiaeaeaiiy eaaaiaai? oeaieie oa
a?iio?aeueiiai aea?aaa a?aenooi? i?ioyaii o?eaaeiai /ano (A.A. Aiaei,
1990; R.L.Cowie et al., 1990; V.K. Ivanov et al., 1998).
Ee?i?ei-ai?aeai?ieia?/ia ianoaaeaiiy in?a, ye? a?aee o/anoue o
e?ea?aeaoe?? iane?aee?a aaa??? ia *AAN, na?ae/eoue, ui iaoieia?y i?aai?a
aeeoaiiy iin?aea? ia?oa i?noea a no?oeoo?? caaaeueii? caoai?thaaiino?
icia/aiiai eiioeiaaioo ianaeaiiy (E.E. Aeaaeaiei, A.E.O?oiia., 1992;
E.A. Aea?aeeineay e niaao., 1994; I.N.Aioiiia, I.TH. Nooeiaa, O.A.,
1996). Inoaii?i /anii ca?eueoeeanue ieoiia aaaa o?ii?/ieo oi?i o?aaeaiue
a?iioieaaaiaai? nenoaie, ia?aaeon?i – o?ii?/iiai a?iio?oo (OA) ?
a?iio?aeueii? anoie (A.A.Aocoiia e niaao., 1993). A?aoiaoth/e
?iciianthaeaeai?noue a?iioieaaaiaai? iaoieia?? na?aae e?ea?aeaoi??a
iane?aee?a *i?iiaeeuenueei? eaoano?ioe, Aioiiia I.N. oa ni?aaao. (1996),
A.A. Eaoeia oa ni?aaao. (1998) aeacothoue ia iaiao?aei?noue iiaeaeueoiai
iaoeiaiai aea/aiiy oa aeoeaiiai i?iaaaeaiiy eiiieaenieo i?aaeiaoieo
i?io?eaeoe/ieo caoiae?a uiaei iioa?i?eeo.
Ca ?acoeueoaoaie iayaieo aeine?aeaeaiue aecia?oueny oaeo ?nioaaiiy a
in?a, ui i?aeiaee i?ae ae?th ?aae?aoe??, caoai?thaaiue a?iioieaaaiaai?
nenoaie, yeei i?eoaiaii? iaai? ee?i?ei-ii?oieia?/i? iniaeeaino? (A.ss.
Aecthaeee e niaao., 1991; A.A. Aaaaoei e niaao., 1991; E.A. E?y/ie,
1992; A.N.Oea/eoei, 1993; TH.?. Oauaiei oa ni?aaao., 1996, A.A. *o/aeei,
1993, 1996; A.A. Nooei e niaao., 1989, 1995, 1998; A.I. Oa?auaiei e
niaao., 1994, 1998), cie?aia noa?o?noue ee?i?/ii? ea?oeie,
?aoeeaeeaoth/ee ia?aa?a c iaae?acieie caaino?aiiyie, iano?oeoeaiee oei
ii?ooaiue ooieoe?? ciai?oiueiai aeeoaiiy, iciaee ao?io?? neeciai?
iaieiiee a?iio?a, ae?aci? aaaaoaoeai? ?iceaaee, ii?ooaiiy ?ioiiiai
noaoono.
Iaeiae, i?eaaaeai? aeai? aacothoueny ia iaeii?aciaeo aeine?aeaeaiiyo,
oiae? ye i?ieiiaiaaiee aiae?c, ui aeicaieea ae i?inoaaeeoe a?aeno?i/ai?
iane?aeee aieeao “/i?iiaeeuenueeiai oaeoi?o”, a?aenooi?e. Iaiao?aei?noue
eiai cae?eniaiiy i/aaeaeia ? aeeeoo?oueny iiieoii ye i?aeoe/ii? ioi?iie
caei?ia’y, oae ? oai?aoe/ii? iaaeeoeeie.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, oaiaie, ieaiaie ?iaioe
onoaiiae-aeeiiaaoey
?iaioa aeeiiaia o iaaeao iaoeiai? oaiaoeee ?inoeoooo ee?i?/ii?
?aae?ieia?? IOe?I AII Oe?a?ie “?ic?iaea nenoaie caoiae?a uiaei
i?io?eaeoeee oa e?eoaaiiy in?a, ye? iino?aaeaeaee aiane?aeie aaa??? ia
*i?iiaeeuenuee?e AAN”, ? aea?ae?a?no?aoe?? 0196U010101.
Iaoa ?iaioe
Aecia/eoe ee?i?ei-ii?oieia?/i? iniaeeaino? ia?aa?ao o?ii?/iiai a?iio?oo
a o/aniee?a e?ea?aeaoe?? iane?aee?a *i?iiaeeuenueei? eaoano?ioe aeey
iaa?oiooaaiiy i?eioeei?a ?aoe?iiaeueii? e?eoaaeueii? oaeoeee.
Caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy:
1. Aea/eoe iniiai? ee?i?/i? iieacieee o?ii?/iiai a?iio?oo a o/aniee?a
e?ea?aeaoe?? iane?aee?a *i?iiaeeuenueei? eaoano?ioe caeaaeii a?ae
o?eaaeino? caoai?thaaiiy.
2. Aecia/eoe iniaeeaino? aiaeineii?/ii? ea?oeie o?ii?/iiai a?iio?oo o
in?a, ui caciaee ?aae?aoe?eiiai aieeao aiane?aeie aaa??? ia
*i?iiaeeuenuee?e AAN.
3. Ia i?aenoaa? iaoiii?oieia?/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy noaio neeciai?
iaieiiee a?iio?a o oai?eo ia o?ii?/iee a?iio?o o/aniee?a e?ea?aeaoe??
iane?aee?a *i?iiaeeuenueei? eaoano?ioe aea/eoe no?oeoo?ia i?aea?oioy
iaoiii?oico caoai?thaaiiy.
4. Aecia/eoe i?eioeeie ?aoe?iiaeueii? e?eoaaeueii? oaeoeee uiaei oai?eo
ia o?ii?/iee a?iio?o, ye? i?eeiaee o/anoue o e?ea?aeaoe?? iane?aee?a
aaa??? ia *i?iiaeeuenuee?e AAN.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia ?iaioe. Aia?oa i?iaaaeaii o?eaaea niinoa?aaeaiiy ca
noaiii a?iioieaaaiaai? nenoaie c aeei?enoaiiyi eiiieaeno ee?i?/ieo,
ooieoe?iiaeueieo, aiaeineii?/ieo oa ii?oieia?/ieo iaoiae?a aiae?co a
in?a, ye? a?aee o/anoue o e?ea?aeaoe?? iane?aee?a aaa??? ia *AAN oa
caoai??ee ia o?ii?/iee a?iio?o a ia??iae aai iaeaeeae/ei /anii i?ney
aeeiiaiiy i?neyaaa??eieo ?ia?o. Aeyaeai? iniaeeaino? ia?aa?ao
caoai?thaaiiy o iaoe??io?a, ui caciaee aieeao ?aae?aoe?? –
a?ii?aaeoeai?noue caaino?aiue, a?eueo no?ee? ii?ooaiiy a?iio?aeueii?
i?io?aeiino?, iayai?noue noiooi?o oai?ia, iecueea aeoeai?noue
aiaeia?iio?oo ia oii? ae?aaeaieo neea?ioe/ieo ci?i neeciai? iaieiiee
a?iio?a. Aia?oa i?eaaaeai? na?ae/aiiy uiaei no?oeoo?iiai i?aea?oioy
a?aei?iiinoae ee?i?/ii? neiioiiaoeee o oai?eo, eio?? caciaee
?aae?aoe?eiiai aieeao, yea aecia/a?oueny ii?ooaiiyie ?aaaia?aoe??,
iaoieia??th i?e?ioee?eoeyoe??, o?ainoi?iiaaiei o?a?eeiaaiacii,
iniaeeainoyie o?ii?caoe?? caiaeaiiy.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Iayai?noue ci?iaiiai
ia?aa?ao o?ii?/iiai a?iio?oo a in?a, ye? iino?aaeaeaee aiane?aeie
*i?iiaeeuenueei? eaoano?ioe, aeiaaa? ia?aaeyaeo ie?aieo iieiaeaiue
ae?aaiinoe/ii? oa e?eoaaeueii? oaeoeee o icia/aiiai eiioeiaaioo
iaoe??io?a. Aeioe?eueii i?iaiaeeoe ui??/i? aeeniaina?i? iaeyaee oe???
eaoaai??? oai?eo c aeeth/aiiyi a?iioineii?? ? ii?oieia?/iiai aiae?co
a?iioia?iioao?a. I?e cae?eniaii? aiaeineii?/iiai ianoaaeaiiy iaiao?aeii
a?aoiaoaaoe, ui aeeaiea caiaeueii-aeeno?io?/ia ? neea?ioe/ia
ooeiaeaeaiiy a?iio?aeueii? no?iee ii?aeio?oueny c iecueeith aeoeai?noth
caiaeueiiai i?ioeano o neecia?e iaieiioe? a?iio?a. Aeine?aeaeaiiy
a?iioao?a ia?aaeaa/a? ia?ciai?noue c iniaeeainoyie no?oeoo?ieo i?iya?a
OA o iaoe??io?a-e?ea?aeaoi??a. Oaeaeea i?ia?anoaaiiy caoai?thaaiiy c
aeeaieei o?aaeaiiyi a?iio?a iio?aao? i?iaaaeaiiy aeoeaiiai, ?aaoey?iiai
iaaeeeaiaioiciiai e?eoaaiiy c aeei?enoaiiyi aaoa-2-aaii?no?a,
aioeoie?ia?a?/ieo i?aia?ao?a, aaciaeoeaieo cania?a, ?ioiiiiaeoethth/i?
oa caaaeueiici?oeithth/i? oa?ai??.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Aaoi?ii naiino?eii iaa?oioiaaia
aeooaeuei?noue i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy, eiai iaoa, caaaeaiiy,
i?iaiae?ciaaii iaoeiao e?oa?aoo?o, noi?iiaaii a?oie niinoa?aaeaiiy.
Iniaenoi aeena?oaioii cae?eniaii ee?i?/ia, ooieoe?iiaeueia ianoaaeaiiy,
i?iaaaeaii e?eoaaiiy a?eueoino? iaoe??io?a. Ii?oieia?/ia aea/aiiy
a?iioia?iioao?a aeeiiaii a ?inoeooo? aeieia?/ii? iaoieia?? ethaeeie
(aee?aeoi? – ae.i.i. A.I. Oa?auaiei). Naiino?eii cae?eniaiee aiae?c oa
c?noaaeaiiy ??cieo a?aeaaeoaeaiue aeine?aeaeaiiy c ?o noaoenoe/iei
ii?aoethaaiiyi, a oaeiae iaienai? an? ?icae?ee aeena?oaoe?? ?
noi?ioeueiaai? aeniiaee.
Aaoi? aeneiaeth? ue?o iiaeyeo ae.i.i. A.I. Oa?auaiei ca iaoeiaa oa
i?aeoe/ia ea??aieoeoai o aeeiiaii? iaoiii?oieia?/iiai aoaio
aeine?aeaeaiiy, an?i eieaaai, ye? ni?eyee aeeiiaiith aeena?oaoe?eii?
?iaioe, cie?aia, i?ia?aeiiio iaoeiaiio ni?a?ia?oieeia? a?aeae?eo
oa?ai??, e.i.i., n.i.n. A.I.Nooei ca aeiiiiiao o cae?eniaii?
aiaeineii?/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy o?aoaia?iio?aeueiiai aea?aaa, a?oi?
iaoiii?oieia?a ?inoeoooo aeieia?/ii? iaoieia?? ethaeeie, cie?aia, e.a.i.
Naaaae? O.I. oa Iieyeia?e A.I., a oaeiae e.i.i. E?y/eo ?.A.
Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a i?aeoeeo. Io?eiai? aeai? aeei?enoiaothoueny a
iianyeaeaii?e ee?i?/i?e ae?yeueiino? a?aeae?eaiiy oa?ai?? ?inoeoooo
ee?i?/ii? ?aae?ieia?? (?E?) IOe?I AII Oe?a?ie, a oaeiae o ?iaio?
i?ae?icae?e?a ?inoeoooo aeieia?/ii? iaoieia?? ethaeeie (?AIE).
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy oaeiae cai?iaaaeaeai? o ae?yeuei?noue
i?io?eueieo onoaiia nenoaie ioi?iie caei?ia’y Oe?a?ie oeyoii aeaeaiiy oa
?ioi?iaoe?eiiai eenoa: “Iniaeeaino? a?iioiaiaeineii?/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
o/aniee?a e?ea?aeaoe?? iane?aee?a aaa??? ia *AAN, oai?eo ia o?ii?/i?
ianiaoeeo?/i? caoai?thaaiiy eaaaiue”, 1998.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe ?acoeueoaoe iaoeiaiai iiooeo iaiaeii?aciai
iaaiai?thaaeenue ia i?aeoe/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo a?aeae?eaiiy oa?ai?? ?E?
IOe?I AII Oe?a?ie (1992 – 1997 ?.?.), ia iaoeiaeo nai?ia?ao ?inoeoooo
aeieia?/ii? iaoieia?? ethaeeie (1992 – 1998 ?.?.), a oaeiae aeeeaaeai? ?
iaaiai?ai? ia iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? “Aeooaeueiua i?iaeaiu eeeaeaeaoeee
iaaeeoeeineeo iineaaenoaee aaa?ee ia *a?iiaueueneie AYN, a. Eeaa, 1992
a.”, IV I?aeia?iaei?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Eoiae 8 eao ?aaio
ii eeeaeaeaoeee iineaaenoaee aaa?ee ia *AYN”, Caeaiue iun, 1994 a.”,
Oe?a?inueeiio eiia?an? ?aaeiieiaia (i. Ee?a, 1995 ?.). ?iaioo ai?iaiaaii
ia can?aeaii? A/aii? ?aaee ?inoeoooo ee?i?/ii? ?aae?ieia?? IOe?I AII
Oe?a?ie.
Ioae?eaoe??. Ca iaoa??aeaie aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 9 ?ia?o, cie?aia,
2noaoo? o i?ia?aeiiio aeo?iae? naiino?eii, 2 noaoo? o ca??eao iaoeiaeo
i?aoeue, ?aeiiaiaeiaaieo AAE Oe?a?ie.
Ianya oa no?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??.
Aeena?oaoe?y iaienaia ca caaaeueiii?eeiyoith noaiith ? aeeeaaeaia ia 168
coi??ieao iaoeiiieno, neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, iaeyaeo e?oa?aoo?e,
oa?aeoa?enoeee iaoa??aeo oa iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiiy, 4 ?icae?e?a ca
?acoeueoaoaie aeaniiai iaoeiaiai iiooeo, caeeth/aiiy, aeniiae?a,
i?aeoe/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e, nieneo aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e, ui iae?/o?
205 aeaea?ae. ?ethno?iaaia 31 oaaeeoeath, 10 ?enoieaie, 22 oioia?ao?yie.
CI?NO ?IAIOE
Ia’?eo oa iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy
Aeey aea/aiiy ?aae?aoe?eiiai aieeao ia ia?aa?a OA ai?iaeiaae 1989 – 1997
??. aoei aeaoaeueii ianoaaeaii 340 oai?eo: 250 o/aniee?a e?ea?aeaoe??
iane?aee?a aaa??? (EIA) ia *i?iiaeeuenuee?e AAN 1986-1987 ??. (iniiaia
a?oia), oa 90 oai?eo ia OA aac ?aae?aoe?eiiai aieeao a aiaiiac?
(eiio?ieueia a?oia).
Ianoaaeaiiy oa e?eoaaiiy iaoe??io?a – o/aniee?a EIA ? 35 (38,9%) in?a
iicieia?/iiai eiio?ieth i?iaiaeeeinue o oa?aiaaoe/iiio a?aeae?eaii?
?inoeoooo ee?i?/ii? ?aae?ieia?? iaoeiaiai oeaio?o ?aae?aoe?eii?
iaaeeoeeie AII Oe?a?ie o 1988-1997 ??. ?aooo iicieia?/iiai eiio?ieth
neeaee ?io? oai?? ia OA, a naia: 1) aeeoae? i?noa Ee?aa, ye?
ciaoiaeeeenue ia e?eoaaii? o oa?aiaaoe/iiio a?aeae?eaii?
Iaoeiai-ae?iaie/iai oeaio?o “Oi?aeaeueia o??o?a?y oa ioeueiiiieia?y” –
30 (33,3 %) in?a, 2) a?enueeiaineoaeaiaoe?, ui e?eoaaeenue o
ioeueiiiieia?/iiio a?aeae?eaii? Aieiaiiai ee?i?/iiai aini?oaeth II
Oe?a?ie – 25 (27,8 %) iaoe??io?a.
Iaiao?aeiith oiiaith aeiai?o iaoe??io?a iaio a?oi aoea a?aenooi?noue a
aiaiiac? caoai?thaaiue a?iioieaaaiiai? nenoaie aei aaa??? ia *AAN oa
?a?no?oaaiiy iai?oanoaoe?? OA o ia??iae ia?aaoaaiiy a cii? *AAN aai
iaeaeeae/ei i?ney o/ano? a EIA /anii (aeey o/aniee?a EIA) ? aeieeiaiiy
OA i?ney 1986 ?ieo aeey in?a eiio?ieueii? a?oie. Aea/aee iniaeeaino?
ia?aa?ao OA caeaaeii a?ae o?eaaeino? caoai?thaaiiy: 1 – 5 ?ie?a (?
iniiaia a?oia oa ?a eiio?ieueia) ? 6 – 10 ?ie?a (?? iniiaia oa ??a
eiio?ieueia).
Na?aae ianoaaeaieo in?a ? iniiaii? a?oie ia o?ii?/iee iaiano?oeoeaiee
a?iio?o (OIA) no?aaeaeaei 58 iaoe??io?a (64,4 %), ia o?ii?/iee
iano?oeoeaiee a?iio?o (OIA) – 32 iaaeoaeeo (35,6 %). O/anieee EIA ??
a?oie ia?aaaaeii oai??ee ia OIA – 134 aeiaaeee (83,7 %), oiae? ye OIA
ae?aaiinooaaany o 26 in?a (16,3 %). O ?a eiio?ieuei?e a?oi? OIA
aa?eo?eiaaiee o 57,2% iaoe??io?a, OIA a?aeiia?aeii – 42,8%. A?eueo?noue
oai?eo ??a eiio?ieueii? a?oie neeaaeaee iniae c OIA – 54,2 %, ia OIA
no?aaeaeaei 45,8 % iaoe??io?a. Ca a?eiaith a?aeiia?aei?noth, noaooth
(ianoaaeoaaeenue eeoa /ieia?ee) iniiai? oa eiio?ieuei? a?oie ye oai?eo
ia OIA, oae ? oai?eo ia OIA, aoee c?noaai? i?ae niaith. Oea i?aaii??ii ?
uiaei e?eueeino? in?a, ye? eo?eee, a oaeiae noaaeo oa ?ioaineaiino?
cae/ee.
Aeieoiaioiaai? aeicia? iaaaioaaeaiiy a a?oiao niinoa?aaeaiiy
ciaoiaeeeenue o ae?aiacii? 0,04 Ca – 1,5 Ca.
Ianoaaeaiiy an?o oai?eo i?iaiaeeeinue a oiiaao noaoe?iia?o i?ae /an
caaino?aiiy caoai?thaaiiy ? aeeth/aei iaeyae, ia?eon?th,
aoneoeueoaoe?th, caaaeueiee oa a?io?i?/iee aiae?ce e?ia?,
?aioaaiia?ao?th i?aai?a a?oaeii? ee?oee, aeine?aeaeaiiy ooieoe??
ciai?oiueiai aeeoaiiy (OCAe), a?iioio?a?ineii?th (AON), ii?oieia?/iee
aiae?c a?iioia?iioao?a.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy iieaciee?a OCAe cae?eniaii ca aeiiiiiaith
“Iie?aiae?caoi?a 5-A”, “Iiaaiioaoiiao?a” c ?ic?aooieii iieaciee?a
ni??ia?ao?? oa e?eai? “iio?e – ia’?i” oi?niaaiiai aeaeeoo.
I?iaiae?ciaaii oae? iieacieee ye: aeeoo?aa ?ii?noue eaaaiue (AE?E),
oi?niaaia aeeoo?aa ?ii?noue eaaaiue (OAE?E), ia’?i oi?niaaiiai aeaeeoo
ca ia?oo naeoiaeo (IOA1), i?eiaa oaeaee?noue aeaeeoo (IOA), ieoo?a?
iaeneiaeuei? oaeaeeino? oi?niaaiiai aeaeeoo ia ??ai? 75, 50, oa 25%
oi?niaaii? aeeoo?ai? ?iiino? eaaaiue (IIO25, MIO50, MIO75 a?aeiia?aeii).
?acoeueoaoe ioe?ithaaee o a?aenioeiaiio a?aeiioaii? aei iaeaaeieo
aaee/ei, ?ic?iaeaieo P. Kristufek at all (1976), ?.O. Eeaiaioii oa
ni?aaaoi?aie (1984; 1986), ui aeicaieyei aecia/aoe iayai?noue oa
nooi?iue ii?ooaiue OCAe.
Noai neeciai? iaieiiee a?iio?a aea/aee i?ae /an a?iioio?a?ineii?? ca
aeiiiiiaith a?iioineiia o??ie “Olympus” BF-10 (ssiii?y). Ianoaaeaiiy
i?iaiaeeeinue i?ney iiia?aaeiuei? i?aiaaeeeaoe?? ca caaaeueiii?eeiyoith
iaoiaeeeith i?ae i?noeaaith aianoac??th 2% ?ic/eiii e?aeiea?io. Nooi?iue
caiaeaiiy aecia/aee ca J. Lemoine (1971), ca oa?aeoa?ii caiaeaiiy
neeciai? iaieiiee aeae?eyee eaoa?aeueio, eaoa?aeueii-neea?ioe/io oa
neea?ioe/io (Aa?anei A.I., 1984), a ca oeiii o?aaeaiiy neeciai? iaieiiee
– ao?io?/io, a?ia?ieanoe/io oi?ie (*a?iaoianeay I.A., 1989). Aeeiioaaee
i?yio a?iin?th neeciai? iaieiiee ia ??ai? naaiaioa?ieo oa
noanaaiaioa?ieo a?iio?a ia?aaaaeii c? oii? noanaaiaioa?ieo a?iio?a
ieaeiuei? aeie? i?aai? eaaai?.
A?iioaoe o?enoaaee o 10 % iaeo?aeueiiio oi?iae?i? ? aiooaaee
i?e?ii?aia?aoe ca caaaeueiii?eeiyoith iaoiaeeeith. Aeei?enoiaoaaee
iaeyaeia? a?noieia?/i? (caaa?aeaiiy aaiaoienee?iii oa aiceiii, iaoiae
aai A?ciia), a?noio?i?/i? (PAS-?aaeoe?y ca Iae-Iaionii, caaa?aeaiiy
oieo?aeeiiaei-nei?i, eiiai /a?aiiei, aaioe?aiiaei o?ieaoiaei, iaoiaeeee
ISA oa Iaeei??) iaoiaee. A ie?aieo aeiaaeeao i?iaiaeeee
aeaeo?iiiii?e?ineii?/iee aiae?c a?iioao?a. Aeey oeueiai oiaoi/ee oeaieie
o?enoaaee o 2,5 % ?ic/ei? aeooa?aeueaeaa?aeo, aeio?eniaoaaee a 1 %
?ic/ei? /ioe?eieeno ii?th, ciaaiaeithaaee o nie?oao ? caio?thaaee a
aiii. Oeueo?aoiie? c??ce caaa?aethaaee o?ai?eaoeaoaoii ? oeeo?aoii
naeioeth ? aea/aee ca aeiiiiiaith aeaeo?iiiiai i?e?ineiia EM -400T
(Philips).
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy oa ?o iaaiai?aiiy
Ianoaaeai? iaoe??ioe i?ae /an ia?aaoaaiiy a cii? *AAN a?ae/oaaee
iiae?aciaiiy a ai?e? o na?aaeiueiio o (40,2 + 1,4) % aeiaaeeao,
iacaeaaeii a?ae oi?ie OA. Nooee eaoaeue, i?ae /an aeeiiaiiy
i?neyaaa??eieo ?ia?o aeinoia??ii /ano?oa aeieeaa o oeo, ooi iio?i
caoai??a ia OIA (33,0 %). Oea aeicaieeei c?iaeoe i?eiouaiiy uiaei a?eueo
ae?aaeaii? ?aaeoe?? ia ii?ii?iaiiy oeo iaoe??io?a, eiio c /anii aoa
anoaiiaeaiee ae?aaiic OIA. Aeii?oea e?ia? o oa?eioeii?, ca iaoeie
aeaieie, aoea aeiaie? ??aeeith nea?aith ? cono??/aeanue eeoa o 10
iaaeoaeeo, i?e/iio eeoa o oeo, eiio iio?i aoa aa?eo?eiaaiee ae?aaiic
OIA.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui o?ii?/iee a?iio?o a o/aniee?a EIA ia *AAN iai?oanooaaa o
96,8 % aeiaaee?a a ia?o? o?e ?iee a?ae iiiaioo eaoano?ioe – o ia??iae c
1987 aei 1989 ?ieo.
Aiae?c nea?a aeicaieea aeyaeoe, ui ?o e?euee?noue oa ae?aci?noue a
o/aniee?a EIA c?inoaee i?e o?eaaeiio niinoa?aaeaii? ye i?e OIA, oae ?
i?e OIA. Oa?aeoa? eaoeth c ??aeeiai oa ia??iaee/iiai, eio?ee aoa
iaea?eueo oa?aeoa?iei aeey ? a?oie e?ea?aeaoi??a, iaaoa c /anii
iino?eiiai oa?aeoa?o. Aiaeia?/i? aeai? aeyaeai? i?e aiae?c?
?ioaineaiino? eaoeth, yea caiaeii a?ae iacia/ii? aeinoia??ii noaea
iii??iith oa neeueiith. O oai?eo ia o?ii?/iee a?iio?o o/aniee?a EIA
iae/ano?oa (p
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