.

Організація управління фінансовою сталістю підприємств в умовах переходу до ринку: Автореф. дис… канд. екон. наук / В.Й. Плиса, Львів. держ. ун-т ім

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I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie

Euea?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea

Ieena Aieiaeeie? Eineiiae/

OAeE 658.14 (477)

I?AAI?CAOe?ss OI?AAE?IIss O?IAINIAITH NOAE?NOTH I?AeI?E?INOA A OIIAAO
IA?AOIAeO AeI ?EIEO

Niaoe?aeuei?noue 08.02.03. – I?aai?caoe?y oi?aae?iiy,

ieaioaaiiy oa ?aaoethaaiiy aeiiii?eith

Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo iaoe

Euea?a – 1998

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien

?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? o?iain?a ? e?aaeeoo Euea?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee eaiaeeaeao aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio

Eiaaethe Ieaen?e Ieeieaeiae/,

eaoaae?a o?iain?a ? e?aaeeoo Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo
?iai? ?aaia O?aiea

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Aieei ?aaai ?aaiiae/

?inoeooo ?aa?iiaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue IAI Oe?a?ie,

caa?aeoaa/ a?aeae?eo aeiiii?/ieo i?iaeai ?icaeoeo i?iieneiaino? ?aa?iio

eaiaeeaeao aeiiii?/ieo iaoe

Oo?ei Oaae?? Ieoaeeiae/

Euea?anueeee aaie?anueeee eieaaeae, canooiiee aee?aeoi?a, caa?aeoaa/
iaa/aeueii-o?aioaaeueiei aaieii

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa Aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”

Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny “__29__” _a?oaeiy_ 1998 ?. i _13_
aiae. ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae35.051.01 o
Euea?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? ?i. ?. O?aiea, i. Euea?a, i?.
Naiaiaee, 18, aoaeeoi??y 115.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a iaoeia?e a?ae?ioaoe?
Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i. ?. O?aiea (i. Euea?a, aoe.
Ae?aaiiaiiaa, 5).

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “_28_” _eenoiiaaea_ 1998 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee _______________________ Iai/eoei N. I.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Ia?ao?aeiee ia??iae a aeiiii?oe? Oe?a?ie a?ae
iaei??? nenoaie ainiiaea?thaaiiy aei ?ioi? aeeeeeaa ia’?eoeai?
o?oaeiiu?, iia’ycai? c? ceaiii iaei??? nenoaie oi?aae?iiy ?
iacaaa?oai?noth, o?aaiaioa?i?noth iiaoaeiae ?ioi?. Caaino?ththoueny oe?
neeaaeiino? noa’?eoeaieie i?e/eiaie, aeeeeeaieie a?aenooi?noth /?oei
ae?iaeaii? no?aoaa?? ? oaeoeee ia?aoiaeo a?ae aea?aeaaii? aeiiii?ee aei
?eieiai?. C oaaae ia oea, iniaeeai? aeooaeueiino? ? aino?ioe iaaoee
i?iaeaie ia?aaoaeiae, aaeaioaoe?? oa ?icaeoeo an?o nenoai i?aei?e?inoaa,
ae??oaiiy yeeo caaacia/eoue noai?aiiy iaoai?ci?a i?enoinoaaiiy,
aeaeeaaiiy oa aio/eino? ?aaeoe?? ia ci?ie ciai?oi?o oaeoi??a – oaeoi??a
ianoaa?eueiino? ? iaaecia/aiino?, i?eoaiaiieo oiiaai ia?aoiaeo aei
?eieiaeo oi?i ainiiaea?thaaiiy.

O oeeo oiiaao nai?/aniei ? iaiao?aeiei ? ?ic?iaea ye no?aoaa??
caaacia/aiiy i?aei?e?inoaa o?iainiaeie oa ?ioeie ?ano?naie, oae ?
aoaeoeaii? nenoaie oi?aae?iiy noae?noth eiai o?iainiaiai noaio.
Ae??oaiiy ieoaiue aeai?o aeiiii?/ii? no?aoaa?? ?icaeoeo a oiiaao
ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieo aeey a?o/eciyieo i?aei?e?inoa ? iiaeie caaaeaiiyie
oi?aae?iiy.

O?ainoi?iaoe?y ia?iaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa Oe?a?ie a aeiiii?eo a?aee?eoiai
oeio noai?th? aeey i?aei?e?inoa cian?i iia? oiiae, i?eioeeiiai ?ioa
ciai?oi? na?aaeiaeua. Aei oeeo oiia, ye? iino?eii ci?iththoueny, o?aaa
i?enoiniaoaaoeny, aaeaiooaaoe on? nenoaie i?aei?e?inoaa, ia?aoai?eoe ?o
oae, uia ?c iniiaii? eaiee ieaiiai? aeiiii?ee i?aei?e?inoai
ia?aoai?eeiny o iacaeaaeiee aeiiii?/iee noa’?eo oi?aae?iiy ?
ainiiaea?thaaiiy, yeee aoaeoeaii ooieoe?iio? ? ?icaeaa?oueny a oiiaao
?eieo.

Oe?a?inueeiio aa??aioo ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee a?aeo? ?icaeiooi?
?inoeoooe?iiaeueii? oa i?aaiai? ?io?ano?oeoo?e, a?i oa?aeoa?eco?oueny
aenieei ??aiai iaaecia/aiino? e ?eceeo, iio?aao? a?ae a?o/eciyieo
iaiaaeaea??a aeeaieiai oa aio/eiai aeiiii?/iiai ieneaiiy, aieiae?iiy
no/anieie iaoiaeaie i?eeiyooy o?iainiaeo ??oaiue ? i?eioeeiaie
aioee?eciaiai oi?aae?iiy.

I?iieneia? i?aei?e?inoaa ii/aee i?aoethaaoe a iiaeo aeiiii?/ieo oiiaao,
a yeeo caii?oeith aeaeeaaiiy ? noaa?eueiiai noaiiaeua neoaeeoue ?o
noae?noue. Aieiaiei eiiiiiaioii caaaeueii? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa ?
o?iainiaa noae?noue – aeca?eaei noaio o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a i?aei?e?inoaa.
Oe?eeii i/aaeaeii, ui a?ae aoaeoeaii? i?aai?caoe?? oi?aae?iiy
o?iainiaith noae?noth caeaaeaoue ia?niaeoeae oni?oii? ?iaioe
i?aei?e?inoaa. I?enei?aiee ia?ao?ae aei ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee iio?aao?
canai?iiy iiaeo ianoaiaea?oieo i?aeoiae?a aei aeai?o no?aoaa?? ?icaeoeo
nenoaie oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth i?aei?e?inoa. Oe? i?aeoiaee
iiaeii? nie?aoeny ia iaoeiai-iaa?oioiaai? no?aoaa?? ?icaeoeo, ia oe?iei
?icaaeoaeaio ?ioi?iaoe?eio ia?aaeo.

I?iaeaie o?iainiaiai icaei?iaeaiiy oa aoaeoeaiiai oi?aae?iiy noae?noth
o?iainiaiai noaio noiyoue ia?aae aoaeue-yeei i?aei?e?inoaii ?
aeiaaathoue iia?aoeaiiai ae??oaiiy. Oea aeiaaa? ae?iaeaiiy
oi?aa?naeueiiai i?aeoiaeo aei oi?aae?iiy c o?aooaaiiyi ?iaeea?aeoaeueieo
iniaeeainoae ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa. Oaeee i?aeo?ae iiaeiai
a?oiooaaoeny ia ia’?eoeaieo caeiiii??iinoyo ooieoe?iioaaiiy ? ?icaeoeo
aeiiii?/ieo nenoai, a?aoiaoaaoe aieea ciai?oi?o oa aioo??oi?o oaeoi??a,
iniaeeaino? eiai ae?yeueiino?.

Ieoaiiy, iia’ycai? c i?iaeaiaie o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoa,
aena?oeththoueny ? iieai?cothoueny ia oiaeueoao iaoeiaeo aeo?iae?a,
oaeeo ye “O?iaine Oe?a?ie”, “Aeiiii?ea Oe?a?ie”, “Aaie?anueea ni?aaa”,
“Aooaaeoa?nueeee iae?e ? aoaeeo” oa aeayeeo ?ioeo.

Ieoaiiyi o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoa i?enay/ai? iaoeia? i?aoe? ?.A.
Aeaiea, ?.A. Iieoa, A.A. Oaaei?ianueeiai oa ?ioeo.

Na?aae aeine?aeaeaiue ca?oa?aeieo a/aieo, ye? c?iaeee cia/iee aianie o
?icaeoie oai??? oa i?aeoeee aea/aiiy o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoa
ne?ae a?aecia/eoe ?iaioe A.I. Anoaoiaa, N.A. Aa?iaieueoe, E.A.
Aa?inoaeia, ?. A??aoaia, A.A. Ai?oieiiae, ?. Aeaia??, I.A. ?o?iiai?,
A.?. Eiaaeueiaa, A.A. Eiaaeueiaa, I.?. Eiceiaa, I.I. E?aei?ii?, A.N.
Iaeaae?, A.I. I?eaaeiaa, A.I. ?iae?iiiai?, ?.N. Naeooe?ia, A.Ae.
Oa?aiaoa, Aeae.E. Oi?ia, I.A. Oaaeioiai? oa iecee ?ioeo.

Cia/ia /anoeia iioae?eiaaieo aeine?aeaeaiue caaaeaieo aeua aaoi??a
i?enay/aia ia?aaaaeii ioe?ioe? iaeiiiiiaioieo iieaciee?a o?iainiai?
noaeino? ? iaiaaeothoueny caaaeueiith o?aeoiaeith naiiai iiiyooy oa eiai
neeaaeiaeo /anoei. I?iaaeeiith o iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiiyo c aeaii?
oaiaoeee, ia iaoo aeoieo, aenooia? ieoaiiy oi?aae?iiy noae?noth
o?iainiaiai noaio i?aei?e?inoa, eiai i?aai?caoe?eia oa ?ioi?iaoe?eia
caaacia/aiiy.

Iaaeinoaoiy ?ic?iaeai?noue ieoaiue oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth
i?aei?e?inoa, a oaeiae ?oiy aeooaeuei?noue coiiaeee aea?? oaie
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe, ?? iaoo, no?oeoo?o oa caaaeaiiy.

Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoith aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ?
oi?ioaaiiy oai?aoe/ieo oa i?aeoe/ieo i?aeoiae?a aei ?ic?iaee nenoaie
oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth i?aei?e?inoaa. Aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii?
iaoe ia?aaeaa/a? ae??oaiiy eiiieaeno oaeeo caaea/:

oai?aoe/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy iaiao?aeiino? ?ic?iaee ? ?aae?caoe?? nenoaie
oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth i?aei?e?inoa;

aiae?c ?nioth/eo oai??e ? no/anieo oaiaeaioe?e o ?icaeoeo i?aeoiae?a ?
i?eioeei?a oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth;

oi?ioaaiiy ia’?eoeaieo i?aeoiae?a aei ioe?iee ??ai?a o?iainiai? noaeino?
i?aei?e?inoa;

?ic?iaea iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e, ni?yiiaaieo ia ae??oaiiy iioi/ieo ?
no?aoaa?/ieo caaaeaiue oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth i?aei?e?inoa.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Iaoeiaa iiaecia ?acoeueoao?a
aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? o iiaeeaeaii? ? ?icaeoeo
oai?aoe/ieo iniia oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth:

ooi/iaii iiiyooy “o?iainiaa noae?noue” oa “oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith
noae?noth”;

?ic?iaeaii iaoeiai-iaoiaee/i? iniiae ?icaeoeo nenoai oi?aae?iiy
i?aei?e?inoaii ? cie?aia a iai?yi? oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth
i?aei?e?inoa;

cai?iiiiiaaii iiaeaeue i?aai?caoe?? i?ioeano no?aoaa?/iiai aioee?eciaiai
oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth i?aei?e?inoa a oiiaao ia?ao?aeii?
aeiiii?ee;

iaa?oioiaaii iniaeeaino? i?aai?caoe?? oi?aae?inueeiai eiio?ieth iaae
??aiai o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa a oiiaao noaiiaeaiiy ?eieiaeo
a?aeiinei a Oe?a?i?;

cai?iiiiiaaii oeyoe ci?oeiaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoa ia aoai?
oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiaiai aeiiii?/iiai na?aaeiaeua.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ?iaioe. ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
e??i iaoeiaiai, iathoue oaeiae i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ? iiaeooue aooe
aeei?enoai? aeey aaeineiiaeaiiy i?ioeano oi?aae?iiy noae?noth
o?iainiaiai noaio i?aei?e?inoa.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aeei?enoiaothoueny o
iaa/aeueiiio i?ioean? Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai?
?aaia O?aiea o i?ioean? /eoaiiy eaeoe?e oa i?iaaaeaiiy nai?ia?nueeeo
(i?aeoe/ieo) caiyoue c eo?no “O?iainiaa ca?oi?noue”, “O?iainiaee
aiae?c”, “O?iainiaee aoaeeo”, “O?iaine i?aei?e?inoa”, “O?iainiaee
iaiaaeaeiaio”.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. ?acoeueoaoe iaoeiaiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy iaaiai?thaaeeny ia can?aeaiiyo oa iaoeiaeo nai?ia?ao
eaoaae?e o?iain?a ? e?aaeeoo Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo
?iai? ?aaia O?aiea. Ie?ai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aeiiia?aeaeeny oa
iaea?aeaee iiceoeai? a?aeaoee ia iaoeiaeo oa iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo
eiioa?aioe?yo: “Noaiiaeaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? aeiiii?ee Oe?a?ie” (Euea?a,
1995?.), “O?iaine Oe?a?ie i?e ia?aoiae? aei ?eieo: oai??y oa i?aeoeea”
(Eooeuee, 1996?.), “?iaanoeoe?eia ae?yeuei?noue a Oe?a?i?: i?iaeaie
?icaeoeo oa ?aaoethaaiiy” (*a?i?aoe?, 1997?.), “Aeiiii?ea Oe?a?ie:
no/ani? i?iaeaie oa ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo” (Euea?a, 1997?.),
“Aeiiiiao?e/i? iaoiaee ? iiaeae? a aeiiii?oe?” (Euea?a, 1998?.),
“?aoi?ia o?iainiai-e?aaeeoii? nenoaie ia?ao?aeii? aeiiii?ee: aeina?ae,
i?iaeaie ? ia?niaeoeae” (Eooeuee, 1998?.), ?ano?oeoo?ecaoe?y aeiiii?ee
oa ?iaanoeoe?? a Oe?a?i? (*a?i?aoe?, 1998?.).

Ioae?eaoe??. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie aeine?aeaeaiue iioae?eiaaii 17 iaoeiaeo
i?aoeue caaaeueiei ianyaii 3,6 ae. a.

No?oeoo?a ? ianya ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, o?ueio
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae, aeiaeaoe?a.

Oaeno ?iaioe aeeeaaeaii ia 175 noi??ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, i?noeoue
17 oaaeeoeue, 33 ?enoiea. Nienie ii?aoeueiaaieo aeaea?ae i?noeoue 136
iaeiaioaaiue.

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE

O anooi? iaa?oioiaaii aeooaeuei?noue oaie, c’yniaaii noai aea/aiiy
i?iaeaie, noi?ioeueiaaii iaoo ? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy, aecia/aii
oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/i? canaaee, iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy oa iiaecio
?iaioe, aeacaii i?i ai?iaaoe?th, iiaeaii caaaeueio no?oeoo?o
aeena?oaoe??.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy “Oai?aoe/i? iniiae
i?aai?caoe?? oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth” ?icaeyiooi iaoiaeieia?/i?
iniiae oi?aae?iiy aeiiii?/ieie i?ioeanaie, e?eoa??? ioe?iee ??ai?a oa
cia/aiiy ia’?eoeaieo oaeoi??a o oi?ioaaii? o?iainiai? noaeino?
i?aei?e?inoa.

Nueiaiaei?, a oiiaao ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieo, noi?oue caaea/a oae
ia?aaoaeoaaoe aai aaeaiooaaoe anth nenoaio oi?aae?iiy i?aei?e?inoaii,
uia aiia a?aeiia?aeaea aeiiaai ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei. Naia oiio ne?ae
noai?eoe aoaeoeaio nenoaio oe?e?niiai oi?aae?iiy i?aei?e?inoaii, yea a
?ioaa?oaaea oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth.

Aecia/aiiy oa ?aae?caoe?y no?aoaa?e oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth
a?aeiinyoueny aei /enea neeaaeieo ? o?oaeii?noeeo ?ia?o, ye? ia
a?o/eciyieo i?aei?e?inoaao, ye i?aaeei, ia aeeiioaaeeny ia iaeaaeiiio
??ai?.

Iaea?eueoo oaaao o nenoai? caoiae?a, ni?yiiaaieo ia o?iainiao
noaa?e?caoe?th a oiiaao e?eciai? neooaoe??, ne?ae i?eae?eeoe aoaio
a?aeiiaeaiiy oa ci?oeiaiiy ??aiy o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa –
caii?oee onoiaiiy iaieaoini?iiiaeiino? oa ooiaeaiaioaeueii? iniiae
o?iainiai? no?aoaa?? ia i?enei?aiiy aeiiii?/iiai ?inoo.

O?iainiaa noae?noue – oea no?ee?noue o?iainiaiai noaiiaeua i?aei?e?inoaa
o aeiaaino?ieia?e ia?niaeoea?, ui caaacia/o?oueny aenieith /anoeith
aeaniiai eai?oaeo o caaaeuei?e noi? o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a, ye?
aeei?enoiao? i?aei?e?inoai oa ni?iiiaei?noth iaiaa?oaaoe aeanieie
eiooaie aeey caaacia/aiiy aacia?aa?eiiai i?ioeano ae?yeueiino? e
iino?eii? ieaoini?iiiaeiino?.

Nenoaia aaaaea?oueny noaeith, yeui i?e iaiaaaii? ye-iaaoaeue c?ooeoe ??
c i?noey, aiia i?ae i?aeaea?oueny oeueiio, aea iio?i naiino?eii
iiaa?oa?oueny o iiia?aaei?e noai. Caaaeueia noae?noue nenoaie a?aeiinii
aei aeaiiai ?? na?aaeiaeua ? neeaaeiei ?acoeueoaoii /anoeiaeo noaeinoae
??cieo /anoei oe??? nenoaie a?aeiinii aei iai?aaeaieo ia ieo aieea?a.
Oiio o?aaa aea/eoe ca’ycee i?ae no?ee?noth ie?aieo /anoei ? oe?eiai, yea
c ieo ooai?aii. No?oeoo?ia noae?noue oe?eiai aecia/a?oueny iaeiaioith
eiai /anoeiaith no?ee?noth. Ia i?aeoeoe? nenoaia cacia? ia??aiii??iiai
aieeao o ??cieo nai?o /anoeiao.

Iiceoeaiee

i?aea?? aaaea aei c?inoaiiy “e?euee?nii? noaeino?”, iaaaoeaiee – aei ??
cieaeaiiy, oiio ui ia?oee aecia/a?oueny ye ia?aaaaa anei?eyoe?? iaae
aeacanei?eyoe??th, oiaoi ye c?inoaiiy noie aeaiaio?a eiiieaena, ae?oaee
– i?ioeeaaeiee aei oeueiai.

I?aeoe/ia noae?noue eiiieaeno caeaaeeoue ia eeoa a?ae e?eueeino?
neiioeaio?iaaieo o iueiio aeoeaiinoae-ni?ioea?a, a ua a?ae niiniao ?o
niieo/aiiy, a?ae oa?aeoa?o ?oiueiai i?aai?caoe?eiiai ca’yceo.

No?oeoo?ia noae?noue i?aaenoaaey? iaaio aaee/eio ? iiaea aooe ae?aaeaia
e?euee?nii. Eiao?oe??ioe o?iainiai? noaeino? ? /eneiaeie ae?acaie
no?oeoo?ii? noaeino? o?iainiaiai noaio.

Aeaa eiiieaene iaeiiai ? oiai ae oeio iiaeia ii??aithaaoe ca ?oi?ie
e?euee?nieie noaeinoyie, ia a?aoiaoth/e eiie?aoi? ae?? na?aaeiaeua.

sseui ci?ith?oueny aaee/eia aieeao ciai?oi?o oaeoi??a ae?? aai
no?oeoo?iee noai naii? nenoaie, oi aeineoue, uia o aoaeue-ye?e ??
/anoei? ia ei?ioeee i?ii?aeie /ano anoaiiaeany a?aeiiniee ni?ioea
ieae/ee ca iaeeieoeth, ? i?ioean ?iciaaeo a?aeaoaeaoueny. Iane?eueee
i?ioean cieaeaiiy ??aiy noaeino? cia/eiee ? aeeaieee, oea caeaaeeoue
a?ae on??? noie i?aai?caoe?eieo oiia. Oiaoi, aoaeoeai?noue iia?aoeaiiai
?aaaoaaiiy ia iaaaoeai? yaeua caeaaeeoue a?ae i?aai?caoe?? oi?aae?iiy
noae?noth.

Noae?noue o?iainiaiai noaio i?aei?e?inoaa caeaaeeoue a?ae iaeiaioeo
a?aeiinieo ni?ioea?a on?o /anoei nenoaie o aoaeue-yeee iiiaio /ano.
A?aeiini? aeoeaiino?-ni?ioeae eiiieaeno o?iainiai? noaeino? ? eiai
na?aaeiaeua ne?ae ?icaeyaeaoe ye oae?, ui ci?iththoueny o /an?. Oiae?
an? iiiaioe oeueiai i?ioeano iiaeooue aooe o aeaeyae? eaiie iaeiiai
eaioethaa, ? aei oeeo eaiie ye aei /anoei oe?eiai o?aaa canoiniaoaaoe o?
ae i?aeoiaee, ui e aei nenoaie a oe?eiio.

Oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth ia?aaeaa/a? ae??oaiiy caaea/ aeaio
aeae?a. Aei ia?oiai iaeaaeaoue o?, a yeeo o?aaa aeieaoe aecia/aii-ci?ii?
aieeae aai ni?ioeae, aei ae?oaiai – o?, a yeeo oe? aaee/eie ?
iaaecia/aii-ci?iieie.

I?eioeeiiaa ae??oaiiy aeey ia?oiai oeio caaea/ iai?/a?oueny naii niaith.
sseui a?aeiii, ui aeaiee eiiieaen aai nenoaia iiaeii? aeo?eioaaoe ae??
aai aeieaoe i?ioeae??, oi a oeeo /anoeiao ? o?aaa eiioeaio?oaaoe
aeoeaiino?-ni?ioeae a?aeiia?aeiiai oa?aeoa?o ? a iaeaaei?e e?eueeino?.
I?iaeaia iieyaa? a oiio, uia /?oei aecia/eoe aaee/eio aeoeaiinoae, ye?
ni?e/eiythoue i?ioeae?th noaeiio ?icaeoeo nenoaie, ? iaoe o nai?io
?icii?yaeaeaii? aeinoaoith e?euee?noue aeoeaiinoae-ni?ioea?a. Ioaea,
an?i iaaaoeaiei aeoeaiinoyi iiaeii? i?ioenoiyoe aeoeaiino?-ni?ioeae ? a
ioieoao iaea?eueoi? iaaaoeaii? ae?? ne?ae eiioeaio?oaaoe iaea?eueo?
ni?ioeae.

Ae?oaee aeae caaea/ – oea o?, a yeeo na?aaeiaeua, ae?? ? ni?ioeae,
ci?iththoueny iaaecia/aii, ia iiaeooue a?aoiaoaaoeny iaia?aae. sseui
yeanue /anoeia nenoaie ciiaea caciaaaoe aieeao ae??, yeo ia a?aoiaaii
iaia?aae, oi c?icoi?ei, ui aoaeue-yea ia??aiii??i?noue eiioeaio?aoe??
ni?ioea?a ia ei?enoue iaeieo /anoei (a a?aeiia?aeii iacaoeuai?noue
?ioeo) ? aacaeocaeyi. Aiaeii/an aiia iaaacia/ia, ai noai?th?
eiia??i?noue ?oei?aiiai ?acoeueoaoo iaa?oue c? noi?iie ii??aiyii neaaeeo
aieea?a, yeui aiie aoaeooue cae?eniai? o iai?yi? iaeiacaoeuai?oeo aai
ineaaeaieo /anoeiao nenoaie. Iaeneiaeueiee ??aaiue noaeino? iiaea aooe
aeinyaiooee oeyoii ??aiii??iiai ?iciiae?eo aeoeaiinoae-ni?ioea?a i?ae
an?ia eaieaie oe?eiai, yeei caa?iaeo? iaaaciaea.

Noae?noue aoaeue-yei? nenoaie iiaeia ?icaeyaeaoe ua c iaei??? oi/ee
ci?o. ?? na?aaeiaeua aieeaa? ia ia? ye ? aiia ia nai? na?aaeiaeua
aaciina?aaeiuei eeoa oai, aea aiie noeeathoueny. Aaee/eia iaaeoaaiiy,
oiaoi e?eueeino? c?oeiaiue, iiaea c?inoaoe aai ciaiooaaoeny. Na?aaeiaeua
iiaea aieiae?oe ye iaaaoeaiei uiaei nenoaie aieeaii, oae ? iiceoeaiei.
Aieiaia i?iaeaia, c yeith noeea?oueny i?aei?e?inoai – aecia/aiiy
ciai?oiueiai na?aaeiaeua, iaiaaeaiiai eeoa oeie aniaeoaie, a?ae yeeo
caeaaeeoue oni?oia eiai ooieoe?iioaaiiy, a a?aeiia?aeii eiai caaaeueia
oa o?iainiaa noae?noue. A oiiaao ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieiaeo iaoiae?a
ainiiaea?thaaiiy oaeoi?e ciai?oiueiai na?aaeiaeua ? aeaea?aeii
iino?eiiai oaeethaaiiy ea??aieoeoaa a?o/eciyieo i?aei?e?inoa. On?
oaeoi?e ciai?oiueiai na?aaeiaeua, ui aaciina?aaeiuei aieeaathoue ia
o?iainiao noae?noue i?aei?e?inoaa iiae?eaii ia o?noue i?aea?oi:
aeiiii?/i?, oaoiieia?/i?, i?aaia?, iie?oe/i?, i?aeia?iaei?, nioe?aeuei?.

?ic??ciythoue noaoe/io ? aeeiai?/io noae?noue. Ia?oo ioioiaeiththoue c?
niiei?i, ianeai?noth, ae?oao – c? noaa?eueiei ?icaeoeii i?aei?e?inoaa.
Ia iao iiaeyae, iaeaeuith oi?iith noaeino? ? noae?noue-ni?ioea, oiaoi
noai o?iainiai? ??aiiaaae i?aei?e?inoaa, yeee caa??aa?oueny ia
aeeaey/enue ia aieea ciai?oi?o ? aioo??oi?o oaeoi??a.

Aeae?eythoue ua ciai?oith, aioo??oith ? “oniaaeeiaaio” noae?noue.

A oiiaao eiiaiaeii-aaei?i?no?aoeaii? nenoaie ainiiaea?thaaiiy
i?aei?e?inoaa caeeee aei ciai?oiuei? noaeino?, oiaoi noaeino?, ui
aeinyaiooa oi?aae?iiyi cciai?. Aeey ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee oa?aeoa?ia
aioo??oiy noae?noue i?aei?e?inoaa, a iniia? yei? eaaeeoue oi?aae?iiy
ca i?eioeeiii cai?ioiiai ca’yceo, oiaoi aeoeaia ?aaaoaaiiy oi?aae?iiy ia
ci?io ciai?oi?o ? aioo??oi?o oaeoi??a.

“Oniaaeeiaaia” noae?noue – ?acoeueoao iayaiino? iaaiiai caiano i?oeiino?
i?aei?e?inoaa, ui caoeua? eiai a?ae aeiaaeeiainoae ? ??ceeo ci?i
aeanoaa?e?coth/eo oaeoi??a. Aeey caa?aaeaiiy i?i?iaeueiiai ??aiy
o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa iaiao?aeii, uia ?oo eiai a?ioiaeo
iioie?a aeaaaa oi/a a iiaeeea?noue ?ic?aooaaoenue c iinoa/aeueieeaie,
e?aaeeoi?aie ? aea?aeaaith. Iaiao?aeii caaacia/eoe ieaoini?iiiaei?noue,
e?ea?aei?noue ? e?aaeeoini?iiiaei?noue i?aei?e?inoaa, oiaoi ieaeith
iaaeo eiai o?iainiai? noaeino?, o ?ioiio aeiaaeeo i?aei?e?inoao
caa?iaeo? aaie?oonoai.

A ?iaeono??aeueii ?icaeiooeo e?a?iao iaa?iiaaeaeaiee cia/iee i?aeoe/iee
aeina?ae ioe?iee ??ai?a o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoa. I?e oeueiio
ne?ae cacia/eoe iayai?noue aeaio iaoiaeieia?/ieo i?aeoiae?a aei aiae?co
o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa.

Ia?oee i?aeo?ae, o?aaeeoe?eiee aeey aia?eeainueei? oeiee oi?aae?iiy
o?iainaie i?aei?e?inoaa, oa?aeoa?eco?oueny aeei?enoaiiyi ia?aaaaeii
noaoenoe/ieo iaoiae?a, ieneaiiyi eaoaai??yie o?iainiaeo caian?a ?
aiae?cii noaio i?aei?e?inoaa ia aecia/aiee iiiaio /ano. Ae?oaee
i?aeo?ae, ?icaeiooee o ?aieao no/anii? o?aioeocueei? oeiee o?iainiaiai
iaiaaeaeiaioo, a?oioo?oueny ia ieneaii? eaoaai??yie ? ?icoi?ii?
oe?eueiaiai noeoiiiai aoaeoo iia?aoe?eii?, ?iaanoeoe?eii? oa o?iainiai?
ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoaa ye aeeiai?/iiai caaeainiaaiiai i?ioeano.
Ooiaeaiaioaeueiith neeaaeiaith oeueiai i?aeoiaeo ? eiioeaioe?y
o?iainiai? ??aiiaaae i?aei?e?inoaa, ui aea? ciiao c ?aeeieo
eiioeaiooaeueieo iiceoe?e ?icaeyaeaoe noeoii?noue iioie?a e?ea?aeieo
eioo?a, ye? iathoue ??ci? oa?aeoa?enoeee, ? neioacoaaoe iioeiaeueia
aeeiai?/ia oi?aae?iiy ieie.

Ia iaoo aeoieo, i?aeoiaee a eaoaai??yo o?iainiaeo caian?a ? iioie?a ia ?
aca?iiaeeeth/ieie, aiie iiaeooue aeiiiaithaaoe iaeei iaeiiai ye ie?ai?
aoaie aeine?aeaeaiiy o caaaeuei?e nenoai? aeeiai?/iiai o?iainiaiai
iaiaaeaeiaioo.

O cao?aei?e i?aeoeoe? o?iainiaiai iaiaaeaeiaioo iaoiaeeee aeaiiai
aiae?co ?ic?iaeai? aeineoue aeaoaeueii, iaeiae, aeoiaey/e c ?aaeueiinoae
?eieiaeo ia?aoai?aiue a Oe?a?i?, aiie aeiaaathoue, o ?ac? ?o
aeei?enoaiiy, iaaieo ci?i oa aeiiiaiaiue.

Iinooiiaa ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a aeiiii?eo Oe?a?ie ?eieiaeo iaoiae?a
ainiiaea?thaaiiy ? eiieo?aioe?? i?ecaaei aei oiai, ui aeaye? c eiai
noa’?eo?a a oeeo oiiaao ia iiaeooue ia iaeaaeiiio ??ai? caaacia/oaaoe
o?iainiao noae?noue oa ia?aaoaathoue ia e?ath aaie?oonoaa. Iniaeeaino?
e?eciaiai o?iainiaiai noaio e iaieaoini?iiiaeiino? oe?a?inueeeo
i?aei?e?inoa-aaie?oo?a ii??aiyii c i?aeoeeith cao?aeieo e?a?i
iieyaathoue o oiio, ui aiie: cacae/ae, ia aeeth/ai? o nenoaio canoaaieo
ciaia’ycaiue uiaei aeaniiai iaeia; i?aai?caoe?eii e ineoieia?/ii ia
i?aeaioiaeai? aei ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei aiane?aeie c?o/ii? caeaaeiino? a?ae
athaeaeaoiiai o?iainoaaiiy ??cieo ??ai?a; ia aieiae?thoue i?aeoeeith
ia?eaoeiao ? ia aaaeooue ia?eaoeiaiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue; ia caeaoi?
oaeaeei ia?aaoaeoaaoenue ia aeione iiaeo aeae?a i?iaeoeoe?? /e iineoa;
?o aaei?i?no?aoe?y ? ianaiia?aae aee?aeoi?nueeee ei?ion neaai
aieiae?thoue aeiiii?/iei ieneaiiyi, aac yeiai iaiiaeeeai aeinyaoe oni?oo
a ?eieiaiio ainiiaea?thaaii?; ?o iniiai? ae?iaie/? oiiaee ? oaoiieia??
aeaeaei ia caaaeaee a?aeiia?aeathoue no/aniei aeiiaai, ? iaa?oue i?e
aeineoue iecueeeo o?iainiaeo aeo?aoao i?aei?e?inoaa ia iiaeooue oaeaeei
ia?aaoaeoaaoe i?aai?caoe?th ? oaoiieia?th ae?iaieoeoaa noiniaii aeiia
?eieo.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? aeena?oaoe?? “I?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/i? iaoai?cie
oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth i?aei?e?inoaa a oiiaao ?eieiaeo
a?aeiinei” ?icaeyiooi iniaeeaino? i?aai?caoe?? oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith
noae?noth i?aei?e?inoaa a oiiaao ia?ao?aeii? aeiiii?ee, aiae?oe/ia
caaacia/aiiy i?ioeano oi?aae?iiy oa ieoaiiy i?aai?caoe?? oi?aae?iiy
?eceeii cieaeaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa.

Oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth i?aei?e?inoaa i???ioiaaia nueiaiaei?
ia?aaaaeii ia ae??oaiiy ei?ioeino?ieiaeo i?iaeai. O oeeo oiiaao
iioe?aieie ? ci?ie caaea/, i??i?eoao?a ae?yeueiino?, ??oaiue, iane?aeeii
/iai ? iaaeineiiae?noue no?oeoo?e iieaciee?a o?iainiai? noaeino?,
cieaeaiiy ?? ??aiy. Aaoi? aaaaea?, ui a oiiaao o?ainoi?iaoe?? aeiiii?ee
Oe?a?ie oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth iiaeia aaaaeaoe oi?aae?iiyi a
oiiaao e?eciai? neooaoe??. Iie?oeea ci?oeiaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino? a
eiioaeno? caoiae?a aioee?eciaiai oi?aae?iiy o?iainaie i?aei?e?inoaa
aeiaaa? i?aai?caoe?? no?aoaa?/iiai aioee?eciaiai oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith
noae?noth. O caaaeueiiio aeaeyae? no?aoaa?/ia aioee?eciaa oi?aae?iiy
o?iainiaith noae?noth – oea ae?yeuei?noue, yea iieyaa? o aeai?? ae?e
uiaei aeinyaiaiiy aeiaaioa?i?iiaeo oe?eae a iino?eii i?ieeaeo oiiaao,
oiaoi noa?a ae?yeueiino? aeuiai oi?aae?inueeiai ia?niiaeo i?aei?e?inoaa,
yea iieyaa? o caaacia/aii? noaeino? o?iainiaiai noaio i?aei?e?inoaa o
aeiaaino?ieia?e ia?niaeoea? ca ?aooiie aeniei? /anoee aeaniiai eai?oaeo
o caaaeuei?e noi? aeaea?ae o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a. Caaaeueio noaio i?ioeano
no?aoaa?/iiai aioee?eciaiai oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth
i?aei?e?inoaa a oiiaao e?eciaiai ?icaeoeo cia?aaeaiiii ia ?enoieo 1.

( I

Ae?aaiinooaaiiy oa no?oeoo?ecaoe?y i?iaeaie

(

( ??

No?aoaa?/iee aiae?c o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa

(

( III

Aecia/aiiy no?aoaa?/ieo aeueoa?iaoea aioee?eciaiai oi?aae?iiy
o?iainiaith noae?noth

(

( IV

Aea?? no?aoaa?? aioee?eciaiai oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth

(

( V

Eiio?ieue e ioe?iea no?aoaa?? oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth

?en.1. I?ioean no?aoaa?/iiai aioee?eciaiai oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith
noae?noth i?aei?e?inoaa.

Iniaeea?noth oeueiai i?ioeano ?: iaiiaeeea?noue iiaiiai iienaiiy
ia’?eo?a aiae?co, aiane?aeie /iai ia?aaaaeathoue iano?oeoo?iaai?
caaea/?; aenieee nooi?iue iaaecia/aiino? iaea?aeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a i?e
?aae?caoe?? ??oaiue (no?aoaa?e); iayai?noue cia/ii? e?eueeino?
iaea?iaaieo ? /anoeiai ea?iaaieo ci?iieo; e?eoa??? ??oaiiy caaea/
caa/anii /?oei ia anoaiiaeai? e ooi/iththoueny ea??aieoeoaii o i?ioean?
?o ae??oaiiy.

Ia aoai? ae?aaiinooaaiiy oa no?oeoo?ecaoe?? i?iaeaie cae?enith?oueny
ia?aoai?aiiy no?aoaa?/ieo oe?eae a nenoaio aeiaaino?ieiaeo ?
ei?ioeino?ieiaeo oe?eae, /a?ac ye? iaiaaaoeiooueny aieeaaoe ia ??aaiue
noaeino? o?iainiaiai noaio i?aei?e?inoaa. Oiaoi, i?iaiaeeoueny
eaioethaiaa no?oeoo?ecaoe?y oe?eae: no?aoaa?/i? oe?e? ( oaeoe/i? oe?e? (
iia?aoeai? oe?e?. On? oe?e? iia?aoeaiiai ??aiy ia oeueiio ae aoai? ne?ae
no?oeoo?ecoaaoe ia i?aeoe?e? iia?aoeaiiai ai?eciioo.

Oe?e? iiaeii? aoaeoaaoeny ca ???a?o?/ieie i?eioeeiaie, ooai?thth/e
???a?o?th oe?eae, “oe?eueiaee ea?ean”. Aiie iiae?eythoueny ca ??aiai
???a?o?? ia oe?e? aeuiai ? ieae/iai ??ai?a. Oe?e? ieaeiueiai ??aiy
aenooiathoue o yeino? cania?a aeinyaiaiiy oe?eae aeuiai ??aiy.
Cai?iiiiiaaio o aeena?oaoe?? noaio no?oeoo?e oe?eae no?aoaa?? oi?aae?iiy
o?iainiaith noae?noth i?aei?e?inoaa cia?aaeaii ia ?enoieo 2.

?en.2. Noaia no?oeoo?e oe?eae no?aoaa?? oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth
i?aei?e?inoaa

Oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiaeo no?oeoo? aeiaaa? oi?ioaaiiy iiai? aoeee oi?aae?iiy,
iiaiai aeiiii?/iiai ieneaiiy, yea iiaeiii nie?aoeny ia ?acoeueoaoe
aiae?oe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue. Aiae?oe/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy, o oiio /ene? e
aiae?c o?iainiai? noaeino?, iiaeii? iaoe iiaeeea?noue aaeaioaoe?? aei
ci?ie ?eieiaiai na?aaeiaeua i?ae aieeaii ae?? aioo??oi?o ? ciai?oi?o
oaeoi??a, a oaeiae nie?aoeny ia no/ania iaoiaeieia?/ia caaacia/aiiy
aeiiii?/iiai aiae?co.

O oeueiio ae ?icae?e? i?iaiae?ciaaii nenoaio ?ioi?iaoe?eiiai
caaacia/aiiy aiae?co o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa, iaaieioaii ia
i?ioe??//yo o i?aaiaiio ?aaoethaaii? ?aaeeio eiia?oe?eii? oa?iieoe?,
?icaeyiooi iniiai? ?ioi?iaoe?ei? aeaea?aea aiae?co. Aeena?oaio
aeioiaeeoue aeniiaeo, ui ia a?o/eciyieo i?aei?e?inoaao o i?ioean?
oi?aae?iiy ia a?aoiao?oueny oaeoi? oaoiieia?/iiai i?ia?ano o oiae?
ia?iaee ?ioi?iaoe??. Oaoiieia?/iee i?ia?an o i?ioean? ia?iaee
?ioi?iaoe?? – eiii’thoa?e, noiooieee ca’yceo, oaeaoiiia oa oaeaa?c?eia
n?oea – ?aaeeeaeueiei niiniaii ca?eueoeee ianyae ?ioi?iaoe?? oa
nei?ioeee /an ia ?? ia?aaea/o. *an ia?aaea/? ?ioi?iaoe?? – oea /an a?ae
iiiaioo ia?aaea/? iia?aeiieaiiy aei iiiaioo ?? io?eiaiiy.

Aieea oaeoi?a c?inoaiiy ianya?a ?ioi?iaoe?? oa nei?i/aiiy /ano ??
ia?aaea/? ia i?eeiyooy oi?aae?inueeiai ??oaiiy ia? aea? noi?iie. Ia?oa –
ye?nia ? nai?/ania ?ioi?iaoe?y – aeaiaio caaacia/aiiy iaa?oioiaaiiai,
nai?/aniiai oa aoaeoeaiiai oi?aae?inueeiai ??oaiiy. Ieoo?aa ia?aaea/a
oi/ii? ?ioi?iaoe?? ni?ey? eii?aeeiaoe?? caoiae?a. Iaeiae aaee/aciee
ianya oee?eoethth/i? ?ioi?iaoe?? icia/a?, ui caeeoa?oueny iaioa /ano
aeey aoaeoeaiiai ?? aeei?enoaiiy oi?aae?inueeeie no?oeoo?aie
i?aei?e?inoaa. Iinoa? ieoaiiy i?i iia?euei?noue aeei?enoaiiy
?ioi?iaoe??. Oea a?aeaeca?eaeth? ae?oaee a?e aieeao oaeoi?a c?inoaiiy
?ioi?iaoe?? oa nei?i/aiiy /ano ?? ia?aaea/? ia i?eeiyooy oi?aae?inueeiai
??oaiiy.

Na?aae oe??? iecee i?iaeai, ye? caaaaeathoue i?iaiaeeoe aoaeoeaio
o?iainiao iie?oeeo i?aei?e?inoaa, ni?yiiaaio ia ci?oeiaiiy eiai
o?iainiai? noaeino?, iniaeeaa i?noea iaeaaeeoue aoaeoeaiiio
aeei?enoaiith ?ioi?iaoe?? o i?ioean? i?eeiyooy ??oaiiy.

I?iaaaeaiee iaie aiae?c cana?ae/o? oa, ui ia ia?aaaaei?e a?eueoino?
a?o/eciyieo i?aei?e?inoa ae?? nenoaia “?ioi?iaoe?y – Ea??aiee –
??oaiiy”, a ye?e iaea oaaaa i?eae?ey?oueny aiae?co ?ioi?iaoe?? /a?ac
i?ecio o?iainiai-iae?eiai? i?iaeaiaoeee. Ia aaaaoueio i?aei?e?inoaao
a?aenooi? ia i?inoi o?iainiai-aiae?oe/i? neoaeae, a e
o?iainiai-aiae?oe/i? naeoi?e o o?iainiai-iae?eia?e neoaea?.
A?aenooi?noue oaeeo neoaea ea??aieoeoai i?aei?e?inoa iiynith?
a?aenooi?noth eaae?o?eiaaieo eaae??a. O a?eueoino? i?aei?e?inoa ooieoe??
o?iainiai-aiae?oe/ii? neoaeae iieeaaeaii ia neoaeao aooaaeoa?nueeiai
iae?eo, ui nooo?ai cieaeo? aoaeoeai?noue ae?yeueiino? ye iae?eiai?
neoaeae, oae ? aoaeoeai?noue o?iainiai-aiae?oe/ii? ?iaioe.

Ioaea, noai?aiiy aoaeoeaii? ?ioi?iaoe?eii? nenoaie iaeiie/aiiy,
ia?aaea/? oa ia?iaee ?ioi?iaoe??, aaeaioiaaii? aei no?aoaa?/ieo oe?eae
i?aei?e?inoaa – iniiaia caaea/a a oiiaao ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieo, iniiaa
i?eeiyooy nai?/anieo e aoaeoeaieo ??oaiue, ni?yiiaaieo ia ae??oaiiy
no?aoaa?/ieo caaea/ oi?aae?iiy i?aei?e?inoaii oa o?iainiaith noae?noth
cie?aia.

Iaoith aiae?co o?iainiai? noaeino? ? iaea?aeaiiy eeth/iaeo ?ioi?iaoeaieo
ia?aiao??a, ye? aeathoue ia’?eoeaio ? oi/io ioe?ieo noaeino? o?iainiaiai
noaio i?aei?e?inoaa. I?e oeueiio iniaeeao oaaao cina?aaeaeothoue ye ia
iioi/iiio ??ai? o?iainiai? noaeino?, oae ? ia ?? i?iaeoe?? ia ei?ioei-
oa aeiaaioa?i?iiao ia?niaeoeae. Iiaeia oaa?aei aiai?eoe, ui ye?noue
oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue, ni?yiiaaieo ia ci?oeiaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino?
i?aei?e?inoaa a oe?eiio caeaaeeoue a?ae yeino? aiae?oe/iiai
iaa?oiooaaiiy ??oaiiy. Ci?noiaa oa i?ia?aiia iaaaioaaeaiiy aiae?co
o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa aaaaoi a /iio aecia/a?oueny
niaoeeo?eith ia’?eoa aeine?aeaeaiiy, oe?eyie eiai ae?yeueiino?. O
caaaeueiiio aeaeyae? iiaeaeue aiae?co o?iainiai? noaeino? neeaaea?oueny
c oaeeo aeaiaio?a: aecia/aiiy caaaeaiue aiae?co; ocaiaeaeaiiy oe?eae ?
caaaeaiue aiae?co, /aniaeo iaae aeeiiaiiy; neooaoe?eii? ioe?iee nooiaiy
oa iai?yi?a aieeao ie?aieo oaeoi??a; ioe?iee iniiaieo iieaciee?a
o?iainiai? noaeino? ia’?eoa; iiooeo aa??aio?a e aeueoa?iaoea iie?auaiiy
??aiy o?iainiai? noaeino? o?iainiaiai noaio ia’?eoa oa ?o c?noaaeaiiy;
i?aeaioiaee aa??aio?a ??oaiue uiaei ci?oeiaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino?.

Caaaeaiiyi o?aoueiai aoaio ? aecia/aiiy on?o no?aoaa?/ieo aeueoa?iaoea
aioee?eciaiai oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth, ?o iaa?oiooaaiiy. Aeuee
oi?aae?inueeee ia?niiae ia oeueiio aoai? iiaeiai i?iaiae?coaaoe on?
neaae? oa neeuei? noi?iie eiaeii? c aeueoa?iaoeaieo no?aoaa?e.

Ia /aoaa?oiio aoai? c on?o iiaeeeaeo no?aoaa?e iae?a?oueny iaeia
no?aoaa?y aioee?eciaiai oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth i?aei?e?inoaa,
?ic?iaey?oueny no?aoaa?/iee ieai, i?ecia/athoueny a?aeiia?aeaeuei? iniae
c /enea o?iainiaeo iaiaaeaea??a. Caaea/a oeueiai aoaio iieyaa? a oiio,
uia ?c iiaeeeaeo no?aoaa?e oi?aae?iiy i?iaanoe a?aea?? i?eeiyoieo
no?aoaa?e oi?aae?iiy noae?noth o?iainiaiai noaio i?aei?e?inoaa. Aieiaiei
ieoaiiyi i?e oeueiio ? oaea: yea no?aoaa?y e?aua ? /iio? Cacae/ae
i?aei?e?inoai iiaeiii aieiae?oe e?eueeiia aa??aioaie no?aoaa??
oi?aae?iiy. Eiaeiee ?c oeyo?a a?aee?eaa? ??ci? iiaeeeaino?, aeiaaa?
??cieo cao?ao ? iia’ycaiee c ??ciei ?eceeii.

Aea?? no?aoaa?? oi?aae?iiy iaiaaeo?oueny ciai?oi?ie e aioo??oi?ie
oiiaaie ? caeaaeeoue a?ae iioaioe?aeo e ?eceeo, ia yeee ca?aei? i?oe
ea??aieee i?aei?e?inoaa.

I’yoee aoai i?enay/aiee i?iaeaiai ?aae?caoe?? oa eiio?ieth ca aeeiiaiiyi
no?aoaa??. Iaei??th c iaeiioe?ai?oeo i?e/ei cieaeaiiy ??aiy o?iainiai?
noaeino? a?o/eciyieo i?aei?e?inoa ? ao?aoa oi?aae?inueeei ia?niiaeii
eiio?ieth iaae iei.

I?e?iaea iaoai?ci?a eiio?ieth coiiaeaia oa?aeoa?ii ???a?o?/ii?
no?oeoo?e: aei?noei oeaio?ae?ciaaiee ii?yaeie o aeaeyae? i??ai?aee, yeee
eiio?ieth? eaioetha i?eeiyooy ??oaiue. Ia?aaeienaeueii, aea ieoaiiy
eiio?ieth, a a?aeiia?aeii, oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth, yea aei
oeueiai /ano ?icaeyaeaeiny o oai?aoe/iiio ieai? caeaa?eueoiai ye
neooaoe?y ao?aoe eiio?ieth, iiaeia ?ioa?i?aooaaoe ye iaaeo oi?aae?iiy
o?iainiaith noae?noth. Aoaeoeaia oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth
ciaoiaeeoueny o caeaaeiino? a?ae oa?aeoa?enoee eaiie eaioethaa
oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue. I?iaeaio iiaeia o?aeooaaoe, aeoiaey/e ?c
aeiaaeeie oeueiai eaioethaa, oiaoi e?eueeino? eaiie a ???a?o??. Eiaeia
eaiea ooai?th? ??aaiue, yeee ia?aaaaeii caeaaeeoue a?ae oaoiieia?/ii?
neeaaeiino? oa ???a?o?/ii? no?oeoo?e oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth.
Aaaeeeao oaaao o i?ioean? no?aoaa?/iiai oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth
i?aei?e?inoaa ne?ae i?eae?eeoe aoaio eiio?ieth ca ??aiai o?iainiai?
noaeino?. Caaaeueio noaio i?aai?caoe?? iia?aoeaiiai oi?aae?inueeiai
eiio?ieth iaae o?iainiaith noae?noth i?aei?e?inoaa cia?aaeaii ia ?enoieo
3.

( Iinoaiiaea oe?eae, caaaeaiue

(

Aecia/aiiy iieaciee?a ( Aecia/aiiy ??aiy aeiionoeieo

eiio?ieth

a?aeoeeaiue

(

( Ii??aiyiiy oaeoe/iiai ??aiy o?iainiai? noaeino?

?c noaiaea?oaie (ii?iaoeaaie)

(

Ioe?iea ia’?eoeaiino? ? aaaeeeaino? ?ioi?iaoe??

(

Ia ao?o/aoeny (oae Oe?e? aeinyaioo??

a oi?aae?iiy

i?(

Anoaiiaeaiiy i?e/ei (oae Noaiaea?oe (ii?iaoeae)

a?aeoeeaiue

?aae?noe/i??

(

i?(

( E?ea?aeaoe?y i?e/ei

Ia?aaeyae noaiaea?o?a

a?aeoeeaiue

(ii?iaoea?a)

(

?en.3. Noaia i?aai?caoe?? iia?aoeaiiai oi?aae?inueeiai eiio?ieth

iaae o?iainiaith noae?noth i?aei?e?inoaa

I?aai?caoe?y eiio?ieth a?oioo?oueny ia iiaoaeia? nenoaie iii?oi?eiaa ca
??aiai o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa. Iniiaiith oe?eeth ?ic?iaee
nenoaie iii?oi?eiaa ? nai?/ania aeyaeaiiy a?aeoeeaiue oaeoe/ieo
iieaciee?a a?ae ia?aaeaa/aieo; aeya i?e/ei, ye? aaia?othoue oe?
a?aeoeeaiiy ? ?ic?iaea i?iiiceoe?e uiaei ei?aeooaaiiy ie?aieo iai?yi?a
oi?aae?iiy c iaoith ii?iae?caoe?? iieaciee?a.

O aeena?oaoe?? ?icaeyiooi iniiai? iaoiaee/i? i?eioeeie iiaoaeiae nenoaie
iii?oi?eiao.

*?eueia i?noea a nenoai? i?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/ieo iaoai?ci?a
oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth i?aei?e?inoaa ne?ae a?aeaanoe nenoai?
iaoai?ci?a oi?aae?iiy ?eceeii cieaeaiiy ??aiy o?iainiai? noaeino?.
Ocaaaeueiaio aeie-noaio i?ioeano oi?aae?iiy ?eceeii cieaeaiiy o?iainiai?
noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa cia?aaeaii ia ?enoieo 4.

?en. 4. Ocaaaeueiaia aeie-noaia i?ioeano oi?aae?iiy ?eceeii cieaeaiiy
o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa

I?iaeaie ?eceeo iiaeii? ?icaeyaeaoeny oa a?aoiaoaaoeny ia eeoa ia
caeeth/ieo aoaiao i?ioeano oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth a e ia aoai?
ae?aaiinooaaiiy i?iaeaie i?ae /an oi?ioaaiiy oa no?oeoo?ecaoe?? oe?eae.

Aei?aaaeaiee ?ecee – iaiao?aeiee ao?eaoo no?aoaa?? oa oaeoeee
aoaeoeaiiai oi?aae?iiy. O eiaei?e neooaoe??, ui iia’ycaia c ?eceeii,
aeieeathoue ieoaiiy: aea i?ioiaeeoue iaaea i?ae aeiionoeiei oa
ia?icoiiei ?eceeii? A?aeiia?noe ia oea ieoaiiy – cia/eoue i?iaanoe
e?euee?nio oa ye?nio ioe?iee ?eceeo.

Nooi?iue aeiionoeiiai ?eceeo cieaeaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa
aecia/a?oueny c o?aooaaiiyi oaeeo ia?aiao??a ye ianyae iniiaieo oiiae?a
oa aeaniiai eai?oaeo, ae?iaie/iai iioaioe?aeo, a oaeiae ??aiy
?aioaaaeueiino? oiui. *ei a?eueoei eai?oaeii, cie?aia aeaniei, aieiae??
i?aei?e?inoai, /ei oe?oa iiiaieeaoo?a eiai i?iaeoeoe??, yea
ei?enoo?oueny iiieoii, oei iaioa aiii /ooeeaa aei ?eceeo cieaeaiiy
o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa. O aeena?oaoe?? iaaaaeaii eia?/iee
i?ioean aiae?co ?eceeo i?ae /an i?eeiyooy oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue.

Ioaea, no?aoaa?y oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth iiaeiia a?aeiia?aeaoe
aeiiaai aioee?eciaiai oi?aae?iiy o?iainaie i?aei?e?inoaa ? ia?aaeaa/aoe
?aoe?iiae?caoe?th iai?ioo iai?ioieo cania?a oa iioei?caoe?th no?oeoo?e
aeaea?ae ?o o?iainoaaiiy; caaacia/aiiy nai?/aniiai iiiaeaiiy
iicaiai?ioieo aeoea?a ? aenieo aoaeoeai?noue ?o aeei?enoaiiy; aea?? oa
?aae?caoe?th iaeaoaeoeai?oeo oeyo?a ?icoe?aiiy ianya?a aeoea?a aeey
caaacia/aiiy iniiaieo iai?yi?a ?icaeoeo; caaacia/aiiy iaiao?aeiiai ??aiy
naiio?iainoaaiiy naiai ae?iaie/iai ?icaeoeo ca ?aooiie i?eaooeo,
iioei?caoe?? iiaeaoeiaeo ieaoaae?a, aoaeoeaii? aii?oecaoe?eii? iie?oeee;
caaacia/aiiy iaeaoaeoeai?oeo oiia ? oi?i caeo/aiiy iiceeiaeo eioo?a o
a?aeiia?aeiino? c iio?aaaie i?aei?e?inoaa.

I?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeathoue ciiao c?iaeoe aeniiaie, ui
i?aai?caoe?y no?aoaa?/iiai aioee?eciaiai oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith
noae?noth ia a?o/eciyieo i?aei?e?inoaao aeicaieeoue ci?oeieoe ??aaiue
noaeino? o?iainiaiai noaio, noai?eoe aoaeoeaia i?aea?oioy aeey nenoaie
caoiae?a aioee?eciai? iie?oeee oi?aae?iiy o?iainaie i?aei?e?inoa o
neeaaeieo oiiaao ia??iaeo o?ainoi?iaoe?? aeiiii?/iiai iaoai?cio a
Oe?a?i?. ?ic?iaeaiee iaoai?ci oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth
caaacia/o? aca?iioa’yceo ? ?aeeio oe?eueiao iai?aaeai?noue caoiae?a
aioee?eciaiai oi?aae?iiy o?iainaie i?aei?e?inoaa, ui aeanoue ciiao
?aae?coaaoe i?ia?aie o?iainiai? noaa?e?caoe?? oa caeeanoe i?aea?oioy
o?iainiai? no?aoaa?? ia i?enei?aiiy aeiiii?/iiai c?inoaiiy.

O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy “Oeyoe ci?oeiaiiy
o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoa a oiiaao ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieo”
i?iaiae?ciaaii aeiiii?/i? ia?aaeoiiae caaacia/aiiy o?iainiai? noaeino?
i?aei?e?inoa Oe?a?ie, cai?iiiiiaaii oeyoe aaeaioaoe?? o?iainiai?
noaeino? i?aei?e?inoa aei ?eieiaeo oi?i ainiiaea?thaaiiy, iae?aneaii
iai?yiee iia?e?caoe?? aioo??oi?o iaoai?ci?a caaacia/aiiy o?iainiai?
noaeino? i?aei?e?inoa.

Iacaaaeath/e ia oa, ui iei? a Oe?a?i? anoaiiaeeanue oeoea, iano?eea
??aiiaaaa – iaeiae, niaae ae?iaieoeoaa o?eaa?, nei?i/o?oueny
?iaanoeoe?eia oa ?iiiaaoe?eia ae?yeuei?noue, c?inoa? aac?ia?ooy,
i?ia?ano? “o?i?caoe?y” aeiiii?ee, iaoe?iiaeueiee ?eiie caaa?aaiee
?iicaiiei oiaa?iae?iaieeii.

E?eciaee o?iainiaee noai a yeiio iieieeanue cia/ia /anoeia i?iieneiaeo
i?aei?e?inoa Oe?a?ie a ia??iae iie?oe/ii? oa aeiiii?/ii? o?ainoi?iaoe??,
aeiaaa? canoinoaaiiy aei?noeeo, aea aiaeii/an aoaeoeaieo caoiae?a,
ni?yiiaaieo ia ci?oeiaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino?.

A oiiaao ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieiaeo oi?i ainiiaea?thaaiiy ci?oeiaiiy
o?iainiai? noaeino? a?o/eciyieo i?aei?e?inoa iiaeeeaa ca oiiae
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy eiiieaeno i?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/ieo caoiae?a ye ia
iae?i-, oae ? ia i?e?iaeiiii?/iiio ??aiyo.

I?iaeaie aaeaioaoe?? o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoa aei iniaeeainoae
?eieiaiai na?aaeiaeua c’yaeythoueny o?eueee c eiai aeieeiaiiyi. sseui
i?aei?e?inoaa ia aoaeooue o noai? ?o oni?oii ae??ooaaoe, ?eieiaa
aeiiii?ea ye oaea ia a?aeaoaeaoueny, ai aiie ? aacenii aoaeue-yei?
nenoaie ainiiaea?thaaiiy – aaei?i?no?aoeaii? aai ?eieiai?, ieaiiai? aai
eiieo?aioii?. Ioaea, iaeii/anii c oi?ioaaiiyi eiieo?aioii? aeiiii?ee
aeey i?aei?e?inoa aeieeathoue i?iaeaie aaeaioaoe?? aei ?eieiaiai
na?aaeiaeua. Oeyoe aaeaioaoe?? o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoa aei
?eieo iiaeia iiae?eeoe ia oaeoe/i? oa no?aoaa?/i?. I?e/iio ia?o? iiaeii?
ae??ooaaoeny o eiioaeno? ae?oaeo.

I?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/i? i?iaeaie aaeaioaoe?? o?iainiai? noaeino?
i?aei?e?inoa aei ?eieiaeo oiia ca/?iathoue i?iaeaie aaeaioaoe??
i?aai?caoe?eieo oa aeiiii?/ieo oi?i oa iaoiae?a oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith
noae?noth.

Aioee?eciaa oi?aae?iiy iiaeiii a ia?oo /a?ao nie?aoeny ia aioo??oi?
iioaioe?ei? iiaeeeaino? i?aei?e?inoaa, aoaeoeaia aeei?enoaiiy yeeo –
aieiaia caaaeaiiy oi?aae?inueeiai ia?niiaeo i?aei?e?inoaa.

?ic?iaea ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aoaeoeaii? i?ia?aie o?iainiai? noaa?e?caoe??
iiaeeea? eeoa ca oiiae aeei?enoaiiy aioo??oi?o iaoai?ci?a ??
aeinyaiaiiy. Na?aae ieo /?eueia i?noea iiaeiii a?aeaiaeeoenue
iia?aoeaiei, oaeoe/iei oa no?aoaa?/iei iaoai?ciai o?iainiai?
noaa?e?caoe??.

Iniaeeaino? ia?ao?aeiiai ia??iaeo a aeiiii?oe? iaoi? e?a?ie aenoaathoue
ia ia?oee ieai i?iaeaio noai?aiiy no?aoaa?? aioee?eciaiai oi?aae?iiy
o?iainiaith noae?noth. Ia iaoo aeoieo, oey no?aoaa?y iiaeiia
a?oiooaaoenue ia neioac? iniiaieo iieiaeaiue o?ueio eeane/ieo no?aoaa?e:
caoenii? – iaoe?eaii? ia caaacia/aiiy noaeino? o?iainiaiai noaio
i?aei?e?inoaa o aeiaaino?ieia?e ia?niaeoea?; no?aoaa?? aiae?co, yea
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny iane?aeoaaeueiith iiaaae?ieith, eiee aea??
oi?aae?inueeiai ??oaiiy a?oioo?oueny ia aiae?c? oni?o?a ? iaaaea/;
no?aoaa?? ?aaeoe?? ia ci?ie a ciai?oiueiio oa aioo??oiueiio na?aaeiaeu?.

Ine?eueee e?euee?noue ? neeaaei?noue neooaoe?e o ciai?oiueiio
na?aaeiaeu? c?inoathoue, nenoaia aioee?eciaiai oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith
noae?noth iiaeiia a?aeiia?aeii iaaoaaoe iia? yeino?, ca?eueooth/e nai?
iiaeeeaino? ii ?ic?iaoe? e ?aae?caoe?? aaeaeaaoieo neooaoe?? ??oaiue.
cieaeaiiy noaeino? o?iainiaiai noaio a?o/eciyieo i?aei?e?inoa ?
a?aeaeca?eaeaiiyi c?inoaiiy ?oiuei? ianoaa?eueiino?.

Aioo??oi? iaoai?cie o?iainiai? noaa?e?caoe?? iiaeii? caaacia/eoe
?aae?caoe?th oa?i?iiaeo caoiae?a, ni?yiiaaieo ia iiiiaeaiiy
ieaoini?iiiaeiino? ? a?aeiiaeaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa ca
?aooiie aioo??oi?o ?aca?a?a. Oe? iaoai?cie a?oioothoueny ia
iine?aeiaiiio aeei?enoaii? iaaieo iiaeaeae oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue,
ia?aieo a?aeiia?aeii aei niaoeeo?ee ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino?
i?aei?e?inoaa ? ianooaa?a e?eciaeo yaeu a eiai ?icaeoeo. Oni?oia
canoinoaaiiy aioo??oi?o iaoai?ci?a aeanoue ciiao ia eeoa ciyoe o?iainiao
iai?oao, a e cia/ii iiieceoe nooi?iue caeaaeiino? a?ae aeei?enoaiiy
iiceeiaiai eai?oaeo, i?enei?eoe oaiie aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo
i?aei?e?inoaa.

O aeena?oaoe??, ia i?eeeaae? AAO “Euea?anueeee iaoai?ciaaiee neeyiee
caaiae” ?icaeyiooi oeyoe aeinyaiaiiy eiieo?aioieo ia?aaaa ia aaeocaaiio
?eieo, ui aeicaieeoue ci?oeieoe ??aaiue noaeino? o?iainiaiai noaio
i?aei?e?inoaa.

C iaoith ci?oeiaiiy naiai o?iainiaiai noaio i?aei?e?inoaa iiaeii? oe?iei
aeei?enoiaoaaoe iioaioe?ei? iiaeeeaino? aioo??oi?o iaoai?ci?a o?iainiai?
noaa?e?caoe??. Oe? iaoai?cie iiaeii? aeeth/aoe: oi?aae?iiy
iia?e?caoe??th o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a, oi?aae?iiy iai?ioieie oa
iicaiai?ioieie aeoeaaie, ieaioaaiiy, iioeiaeueiee ?iciiae?e ?ano?n?a
i?ae ie?aieie iai?yiaie ae?yeueiino?, o?iainiaee oa aeiiii?/iee
iii?oi?eia, o?iainiaee eiio?ieue. I?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? o?iainiaeo
??oaiue, ui i?eeiathoueny c iaoith ci?oeiaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino?
i?aei?e?inoaa iiaeiii cae?enithaaoeny a eiioaeno? caoiae?a, ni?yiiaaieo
ia caaacia/aiiy caaaeueii? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa.

Ia caaaeueiiaea?aeaaiiio ??ai? c iaoith caaacia/aiiy iaeaaeieo oiia
?icaeoeo i?aei?e?iieoeoaa o?aaa noai?eoe ni?eyoeea? oiiae aeey
caaacia/aiiy aenieiai ??aiy o?iainiai? noaeino? a?o/eciyieo
i?aei?e?inoa. Aeey oeueiai o?aaa canoiniaoaaoe oe?ieee niaeo?
?ino?oiaio?a aea?aeaaiiai ?aaoethaaiiy i?ioean?a a aeiiii?/iiio aeeoo?.
Na?aae ieo /?eueia i?noea iaeaaeeoue: ?aaoethaaiiy iiaeaoeiaeo noaaie oa
?o aeeoa?aioe?aoe?y; ?aaoethaaiiy i?ioeaioieo noaaie ii e?aaeeoao
eiia?oe?eieo aaie?a; ?iaanoeoe?? o ae?iaie/o oa nioe?aeueio
?io?ano?oeoo?o, aea?aeaai? caiiaeaiiy (caeoi?ae?); ?aaoethaaiiy a?ioiai?
iane; ?aaoethaaiiy oe?i; aeiiii?/ia i?ia?aioaaiiy i?ioean?a a
aeiiii?oe?, oeyoii ?ic?iaee ? ?aae?caoe?? iaoe?iiaeueieo i?ia?ai oa
oe?eueiaeo eiiieaenieo i?ia?ai; ?aaoethaaiiy ?ioaa?aoe?eieo i?ioean?a,
oiaoi aea?aeaaa iiaeiia caaacia/eoe ao?ae aei aaeeeeo
?ioa?iaoe?iiaeueieo aeiiii?/ieo eiiieaen?a, ooai?aieo oeyoii c?iuoaaiiy
iaoe?iiaeueieo ainiiaea?noa ?yaeo e?a?i ia iaeaea?aei?oeo oiiaao ?c
caa?aaeaiiyi ye aeiiii?/iiai, oae ? iie?oe/iiai noaa?ai?oaoo.

Ia i?eeeaae? i?iieneiaino? aoae?aaeueieo iaoa??ae?a (naaiaio
neeiae?iaieoeoai) ?icaeyiooi iniiai? ciai?oi? iaoai?cie ni?eyiiy
aaeaioaoe?? o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoa aaeoc? aei oiia ?eieiaiai
na?aaeiaeua.

Noia?a/i?noue i?ae oei cia/aiiyi, yea ia? i?iieneia?noue aoae?aaeueieo
iaoa??ae?a c iaeiiai aieo, ? ae?eniei o?iainiaei noaiii aaeoc? oa ??
ia?niaeoeaaie – c ?ioiai, aaeueio? aeiiii?/ia ?aoi?ioaaiiy. Uia
aecia/eoe i??i?eoaoi?noue caoiae?a uiaei iiaeieaiiy e?ece o
i?iieneiaino? aoae?aaeueieo iaoa??ae?a, o?aaa eiie?aoii ? anaa?/ii
i?iaiae?coaaoe noaiiaeua, ui neeaeiny.

Ia iao iiaeyae, noia?a/i?noue i?ae i?aaeeueii ia?aiei eo?nii ia?aoiaeo
aei ?eieiaiai oeio ?aaoethaaiiy aeiiii?ee e?a?ie ? ia caaaeaee
iine?aeiaieie iaoiaeaie eiai ?aae?caoe?? – aieiaia i?e/eia iei?oi?o
iaaa?acae?a. I?eeeaaeii oaei? iaiine?aeiaiino? noaea iie?oeea
?aoi?ioaaiiy i?aei?e?inoa ae?iaiee?a neeii?iaeoeoe??.

I?enei?thth/e i?ioeane aeoe?iioaaiiy oa a?aee?eaoe aioo??oi?e ?eiie aeey
aeaoaai? ca?oa?aeii? neeii?iaeoeoe??, inaaaei?aoi?iaoi?e oe?a?inueei?
aeiiii?ee ni?eyee ia?aoai?aiith i?aei?e?inoa i?iieneiaino? aoae?aaeueieo
iaoa??ae?a (ae?iaieoeoai neea) ia ia’?eo aenieoaoaoe?? c aieo
i?aei?e?inoa iiaeo oi?i aeaniino?.

Na?oiaa i?aeoeea ainiiaea?thaaiiy iieaco?, ui o ia?ao?aeiee ia??iae
aea?aeaaa iiaeiia aei?noei, aaei?i?no?aoeaieie iaoiaeaie anoaiiaeoe
iniiai? i?iii?oe?? ainiiaea?nueeiai iaoai?cio. Aiie iiaeii? aecia/aoeny
ia iniia? iioei?caoe?? i?aeaaeocaaeo ae?iaie/eo aaeain?a. Eeoa i?ney
oeueiai iiaeia caioneaoe ?eieiaee iaoai?ci naiiiaeaaiaeaeoaaiiy oa
naii?aaoethaaiiy noni?eueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa.

Iai?iii?oe?ei?noue eaiie noni?eueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa onueiai
ainiiaea?nueeiai iaoai?cio coiiaeth? noia?a/iino? i?ae ianyaiaeie oa
oe?iiaeie ia?aiao?aie noi?aeieo aaeocae. Ianyaiaa
iai?iii?oe?iiaeuei?noue ia??iaee/ii i?ecaiaeeoue aei ianoa/? /e
a?aeiiniiai iaaeeeoeo ae?iaieoeoaa i?iaeoeoe?? iaei??? aaeoc? aeey
caaeiaieaiiy iio?aae ?ioi?, noi?aeii? aaeoc?. Ia neeicaaiaeao /a?ac
iecueeo ieaoini?iiiaei?noue iaaeaaeo eiia?iao?a oa aea?aeaaieo
aeiiiaoae?aieo ia’?aeiaiue aeieeee na?eici? i?iaeaie c ?aae?caoe??th
a?eiiiiai oa iaaeaaiai neea. Oei /anii iaaeaa? i?aei?e?inoaa oa
aoae?aaeueieee, ia iath/e a?o/eciyii? neeii?iaeoeoe??, ia iiaeooue
caaacia/eoe o iiaiiio ianyc? iio?aae o iaaeyo oa aeeoe?.

Nooo?ao ?ieue o cieaeaii? o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoa i?iieneiaino?
aoae?aaeueieo iaoa??ae?a a?ae?a?a? oe?iiaa iacaaeainiaai?noue.
Oe?a?inueea neei ia’?eoeaii ia? oe?io, ui ia?aaeuo? na?oiao. Oea
coiiaeaii o?ueiia iniiaieie oaeoi?aie: eai?oaeuei? aeeaaeaiiy o ?icaeoie
neeiae?iaieoeoaa aeae?eyeeny ??cei iaiaaeaieie ianyaaie;
aaei?i?no?aoeaia anoaiiaeaiiy oe?ie ia neeii?iaeoeoe?th ia ??ai?
na?oiai?, i?e caaaeueiiio oaoiieia?/iiio ??ai? ae?iaieoeoaa, ieae/iio ca
na?oiaee, i?ecaiaeeoue aei oiai, ui oe?ie ia i?iaeoeoe?th noi?aeieo
aaeocae ia?aaeuothoue na?oiaee ??aaiue; ye?noue neeii?iaeoeoe??
a?o/eciyieo i?aei?e?inoa cia/ii iinooia?oueny na?aaeiueina?oia?e.

Aeo?ae c neooaoe??, ui neeaeany aa/eii a iioei?caoe?? cao?ao, aeey
oi?ioaaiiy iaoai?cio oe?iiooai?aiiy ia neeii?iaeoeoe?th, yeee
caaacia/oaaa ae ?? eiieo?aioini?iiiaei?noue ? iie?eooy cao?ao ia
ae?iaieoeoai. Aeinyaiooe oeueiai iiaeia eeoa ca oiiae ?iciiae?eo
a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ca aeeiiaiiy caaaeaiue i?ae noa’?eoaie oi?aae?iiy
??cieo ??ai?a. Aeey aeueo aea?aeaaieo i?aai?a oi?aae?iiy e?eoa??yie o
ieoaiiyo ?icaeoeo i?iieneiaino? aoae?aaeueieo iaoa??ae?a (ae?iaieoeoai
neea) iathoue aooe: aaaaoioaeoi?ia i?ioaeoe?ii?nonueea iie?oeea uiaei
ia?; inoaoi/ia a?aeiiaa a?ae aaeocaai? aaei?i?no?aoeaii? oi?ie
oi?aae?iiy aeiiii?eith; e?ea?aeaoe?y oiia aeey o?iueiai? i?eaaoecaoe?? ?
o?iueiaiai i?enai?iiy aeiaeaoeiai? aa?oino?.

Ia caaaeueiiaea?aeaaiiio ??ai? ne?ae aecia/eoe oae? iniiai?, ia iaoo
aeoieo, iai?yie aea?aeaaii? iie?oeee: aaeaioaoe?y i?ano?oeoo? ?
ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino? i?iieneiaino? aoae?aaeueieo iaoa??ae?a aei
oiia ?eieiaiai aioo??aeiiii?/iiai na?aaeiaeua; iiaea?i?caoe?y oa
oaoi?/ia ia?aica?i?iiy i?aei?e?inoa aaeoc?, iaa?oiooaaiiy aeaea?ae
o?iainoaaiiy; ?iciiae?e caaaeaiue ? a?aeiia?aeaeueiino? ca ?o aeeiiaiiy
i?ae i?aaiaie aeeiiaa/i? aeaaee.

C iaoith ci?oeiaiiy noaeino? o?iainiaiai noaio i?iieneiaeo i?aei?e?inoa
Oe?a?ie oa i?aei?e?inoa-neeiae?iaiee?a i?iieneiaino? aoae?aaeueieo
iaoa??ae?a cie?aia, o?aaa: noi?ioaaoe iaeaaeiee ?iaanoeoe?eiee ee?iao;
i?iaanoe eiino?oeoeai? no?oeoo?i? ?aoi?ie; ?ic?iaeoe iaoeiai
iaa?oioiaaio i?iieneiao iie?oeeo, /?oei aecia/eaoe iaoe?iiaeuei?
i??i?eoaoe.

Eiie?aoi?oeie caniaaie aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe aeey
i?aei?e?inoa-neeiae?iaiee?a i?iieneiaino? aoae?aaeueieo iaoa??ae?a ?:
i?eaeaaiiy e?oeaic?e iaeiia?oeo oaoiieia?e, a oaeiae noai?aiiy ia ?oi?e
aac? aeanieo oaoiieia?e; aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueii? e?eueeino? i?ia?ai
aea?aeaaii? i?aeo?eiee inai?iiy eiieo?aioini?iiiaeieo aeae?a
i?iaeoeoe??; i???ioaoe?y ia aeei?enoaiiy aenieeo oaoiieia?e AIE oeyoii
?o ai?iaaaeaeaiiy o oeea?eueia ae?iaieoeoai; aecia/aiiy iniiaieie
aeaea?aeaie eai?oaeiaeeaaeaiue aeey aeeiiaiiy oeeo i?iaai aea?aeaaieo
aeiaaino?ieiaeo iicee, e?aaeeo?a eiia?oe?eieo aaie?a, iiaeaoeiaeo
i?euea; aeoea?caoe?y ?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino?, noai?aiiy eiiieaeno
oiia aeey i?eieeao ?iicaiieo ?iaanoeoe?e; iaaeaiiy i?euea ? aeiiiiiae
i?aei?e?inoaai, ye? caeiathoueny aenii?oii i?iaeoeoe??. O ca’yceo c oeei
iaiao?aeii ia’?aeiaoe coneeey aea?aeaae ? oiaa?iae?iaiee?a aeey
noai?aiiy oiia aenii?oii? i???ioaoe?? caniiaaieo ia a?oioiai?e ioe?ioe?
eiieo?aioiiai na?aaeiaeua, iniaeeainoae iaoe?iiaeueiiai oa na?oiaiai
?eie?a, oiia ae?iaieoeoaa ? oaeoi??a, ye? iiaeooue ni?eyoe aoaeoeai?e
eiieo?aioe??.

Nueiaiaei? a oiiaao iaiaaeaieo ?ano?n?a, ii?yae ?c caa?aaeaiiyi
o?neaeueiiai oa?aeoa?o, iiaeaoeia?e nenoai? ne?ae iaaeaoe iiaeeea?noue
a?ae?a?aoe ?ieue i?enei?thaa/a a?aeoai?thaaeueieo i?ioean?a, oeyoii
noai?aiiy ni?eyoeeaeo oiia aeey oe?ieiai caeo/aiiy i?eaooeo aei
?iaanoeoe?eieo ?ano?n?a. A oeueiio ?aeo?n? aeioe?eueii aoei a ciaioeoe
aai ca?eueieoe a?ae iiiaeaoeoaaiiy /anoeio i?eaooeo, yea iai?aaey?oueny
i?aei?e?inoaaie ia iiaea?i?caoe?th ae?iaieoeoaa, i?iaaaeaiiy no?oeoo?ii?
ia?aaoaeiae oa i?aeaeuaiiy eiai eiieo?aioini?iiiaeiino?.

Oaeoi?ii iiaeaaaeaiiy ?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino? iiaea noaoe ni?iuaiiy
?aaeeio i?eaaoecaoe?? oa i?eaaoecaoe?y i?iieneiaeo ia’?eo?a ?acii ?c
caiaeueieie ae?eyieaie, ia yeeo aiie ?icoaoiaai?.

Iio?aao? aaeineiiaeaiiy ii?iaoeaii-i?aaiaa aaca caeo/aiiy ?iaanoeoe?e
i?ae eiie?aoi? ?iaanoeoe?ei? i?iaeoe. Ne?ae ?ic?iaeoe ii?iaoeaii
i?aaiaee iaoai?ci, ca aeiiiiiaith yeiai noaei a iiaeeeaei aeeth/aiiy a
?iaanoeoe?eiee i?ioean o?iueiaiai eai?oaeo.

Caaacia/aiiy aenieiai ??aiy o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa
?aae?co?oueny oeyoii oi?ioaaiiy aoaeoeaii? iie?oeee o?iainoaaiiy
ainiiaea?nueei? oa ?iaanoeoe?eii? ae?yeueiino?, oi?aae?iiyi o?iainiaeie
?ano?naie, iioei?caoe??th o?iainiai? no?oeoo?e eai?oaeo.

O aeniiaeao ocaaaeueiaii ?acoeueoaoe oai?aoe/ieo ? i?aeoe/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue ii oai? aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe.

AENIIAEE OA I?IIICEOe??

Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeaie i?aai?caoe?? oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth
i?aei?e?inoa a oiiaao ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieo a Oe?a?i? aeaee ciiao c?iaeoe
?yae aeniiae?a:

1. ?icaeoie aeiiii?ee Oe?a?ie ia no/aniiio aoai? aecia/a?oueny
ia?ao?aeieie yaeuaie ? i?ioeanaie, ui iia’ycai? c a?aeiiaith a?ae
eiiaiaeii-aaei?i?no?aoeaii? nenoaie oi?aae?iiy ? aeai?ii ?eieiai?.
?oo?eieie neeaie oaeiai aeai?o ? aoaeoeai?noue ?
eiieo?aioini?iiiaei?noue ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee c ?? aioo??oi?ie
aeiiii?/ieie aaaeaeyie ? noeioeaie ?icaeoeo. A oeeo oiiaao iniaeeaiai
cia/aiiy iaaoaathoue ieoaiiy aaeaioaoe?? nenoaie oi?aae?iiy
i?aei?e?inoaii aei iiaeo oiia oae, uia aiia a?aeiia?aeaea aeiiaai
?eieiaeo a?aeiinei.

2. O?iainiaa noae?noue ? neeaaeiaith /anoeiith caaaeueii? noaeino?
i?aei?e?inoaa ? aenooia? caii?oeith onoiaiiy iaieaoini?iiiaeiino? oa
ooiaeaiaioaeueiith iniiaith o?iainiai? no?aoaa?? ia i?enei?aiiy
aeiiii?/iiai c?inoaiiy. Noae?noue o?iainiaiai noaio caeaaeeoue a?ae
iaeiaioeo a?aeiinieo ni?ioea?a on?o no?oeoo?ieo /anoei caaaeueii?
noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa.

A?aeiini? aeoeaiino?-ni?ioeae eiiieaeno o?iainiai? noaeino? ? eiai
na?aaeiaeua o?aaa ?icaeyaeaoe ye oae?, ui ci?iththoueny o /an? ?
caeaaeaoue a?ae neee ae?? oa aeeiai?cio ciai?oi?o oa aioo??oi?o
oaeoi??a.

3. Oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth ia?aaeaa/a? ae??oaiiy caaea/ aeaio
aeae?a. Aei ia?oiai iaeaaeaoue o?, a yeeo iaiao?aeii aeieaoe
aecia/aii-ci?ii? aieeae aai ni?ioeae, aei ae?oaiai – o?, a yeeo oe?
aaee/eie ? iaaecia/aii-ci?iieie.

I?eioeeiiaa ae??oaiiy aeey ia?oiai oeio caaea/ iieyaa? a oiio, uia /?oei
aecia/eoe aaee/eio aeoeaiinoae, ye? ni?e/eiythoue i?ioeae?th noaeiio
?icaeoeo nenoaie, ? iaoe o nai?io ?icii?yaeaeaii? aeinoaoith e?euee?noue
aeoeaiinoae-ni?ioea?a, oiaoi an?i iaaaoeaiei aeoeaiinoyi iiaeii?
i?ioenoiyoe aeoeaiino?-ni?ioeae ? a ioieoao iaea?eueoi? iaaaoeaii? ae??
iio??aii eiioeaio?oaaoe iaea?eueo? ni?ioeae.

Ae?oaee aeae caaea/ – oea o?, a yeeo na?aaeiaeua, ae?? ? ni?ioeae
ci?iththoueny iaaecia/aii, ia iiaeooue a?aoiaoaaoeny iaia?aae. sseui
yeanue /anoeia nenoaie ciiaea caciaaaoe aieeao ae??, yeo ia a?aoiaaii
iaia?aae, oi c?icoi?ei, ui aoaeue-yea ia??aiii??i?noue eiioeaio?aoe??
ni?ioea?a ia ei?enoue iaeieo /anoei, a a?aeiia?aeii, iacaoeuai?noue
?ioeo ? aacaeocaeyi, ai noai?th? eiia??i?noue ?oei?aiiai ?acoeueoaoo
iaa?oue c? noi?iie ii??aiyii neaaeeo aieea?a, yeui aiie aoaeooue
cae?eniai? o iai?yi? iaeiacaoeuai?oeo aai ineaaeaieo /anoeiao nenoaie.
Iaeneiaeueiee ??aaiue noaeino? iiaea aooe aeinyaiooee oeyoii
??aiii??iiai ?iciiae?eo aeoeaiinoae-ni?ioea?a i?ae on?ia eaieaie
oe?eiai, yeei caa?iaeo? iaaaciaea.

4. I?aeoiaee a eaoaai??yo o?iainiaeo caian?a ? iioie?a ia ?
aca?iiaeeeth/ieie, aiie iiaeooue aeiiiaithaaoe iaeei iaeiiai ye ie?ai?
aoaie aeine?aeaeaiiy o caaaeuei?e nenoai? aeeiai?/iiai o?iainiaiai
iaiaaeaeiaioo.

5. Cia/iee aieea ia o?iainiao noae?noue ainiiaea?thth/eo noa’?eo?a ia?
ciai?oi? na?aaeiaeua, yea ? iaiaeii??aeiei ? aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiei ii nee?,
ia??iaee/iino? oa oa?aeoa?o aieeao. On? oaeoi?e ciai?oiueiai na?aaeiaeua
iiaeia iiae?eeoe ia o?noue i?aea?oi: aeiiii?/i?, oaoiieia?/i?,
iie?oe/i?, nioe?aeuei?, i?aeia?iaei?, i?aaia?.

6. Iniaeeaino? ia?ao?aeiiai ia??iaeo a aeiiii?oe? iaoi? e?a?ie
aenoaathoue ia ia?oee ieai i?iaeaio noai?aiiy no?aoaa?? aioee?eciaiai
oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth. Ia iaoo aeoieo, oey no?aoaa?y iiaeiia
aacoaaoenue ia neioac? iniiaieo iieiaeaiue o?ueio eeane/ieo no?aoaa?e:
caoenii? – iaoe?eaii? ia caaacia/aiiy noaeino? o?iainiaiai noaio
i?aei?e?inoaa o aeiaaino?ieia?e ia?niaeoea?; no?aoaa?? aiae?co, yea
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny iane?aeoaaeueiith iiaaae?ieith, eiee aea??
oi?aae?inueeiai ??oaiiy a?oioo?oueny ia aiae?c? oni?o?a ? iaaaea/;
noaoaa?? ?aaeoe?? ia ci?ie a ciai?oiueiio oa aioo??oiueiio na?aaeiaeu?.

7. I?ioean no?aoaa?/iiai aioee?eciaiai oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth
i?aei?e?inoaa iiaeiai a?oiooaaoeny ia aeei?enoaii? i’yoeaoaiii? iiaeae?.
Iniiaieie aoaiaie ?: ae?aaiinooaaiiy oa no?oeoo?ecaoe?y i?iaeaie;
no?aoaa?/iee aiae?c o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa; aecia/aiiy
no?aoaa?/ieo aeueoa?iaoea aioee?eciaiai oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith
noae?noth; aea?? no?aoaa?? aioee?eciaiai oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith
noae?noth; eiio?ieue e ioe?iea no?aoaa?? oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith
noae?noth. ?ic?iaeaiee iaoai?ci oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth
caaacia/o? aca?iioa’yceo ? ?aeeio oe?eueiao iai?aaeai?noue caoiae?a
aioee?eciaiai oi?aae?iiy o?iainaie i?aei?e?inoaa, ui aeanoue ciiao
?aae?coaaoe i?ia?aie o?iainiai? noaa?e?caoe?? oa caeeanoe i?aea?oioy
o?iainiai? no?aoaa?? ia i?enei?aiiy aeiiii?/iiai c?inoaiiy.

8. Iniaeeao oaaao o i?ioean? oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth
i?aei?e?inoaa o?aaa i?eae?eeoe aoaio eiio?ieth ca ??aiai o?iainiai?
noaeino?, yeee ia? a?oiooaaoeny ia iiaoaeia? nenoaie iii?oi?eiaa.
Iiaoaeiaa nenoaie iii?oi?eiaa iiaeiia aacoaaoeny ia oaeeo iniiaieo
iaoiaee/ieo i?eioeeiao: aea?? aeey niinoa?aaeaiiy iaeaaaeeea?oeo
iai?yi?a ? oe?eueiaeo iieaciee?a o?iainiai? noaeino?; iiaoaeiaa nenoaie
?ioi?iaoeaieo ca?oieo iieaciee?a; ?ic?iaea nenoaie ocaaaeueithth/eo
aiae?oe/ieo iieaciee?a; anoaiiaeaiiy ?ici???a a?aeoeeaiue oaeoe/ieo
cia/aiue a?ae ia?aaeaa/aieo; aiae?c iniiaieo i?e/ei, ye? aeeeeeathoue
a?aeoeeaiiy oaeoe/ieo cia/aiue a?ae ia?aaeaa/aieo; aecia/aiiy nenoaie
caoiae?a ni?yiiaaieo ia onoiaiiy a?aeoeeaiue; aeyaeaiiy ?aca?a?a
ii?iae?caoe??; iaa?oiooaaiiy i?iiiceoe?e uiaei ci?ie ie?aieo oe?eueiaeo
ii?iaoea?a ? caieaiiaaieo iieaciee?a.

9. O caaaeueiiio ii?ooae? ?ecee?a /?eueia i?noea a?aeaiaeyoue a?oi?
o?iainiaeo ?ecee?a, a ye?e ca nooiaiai iaaaciaee ae??oaeueio ?ieue
a?ae?a?a? ?ecee cieaeaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino?, yeee aaia?o?oueny
iaaoaeoeaiith no?oeoo?ith eai?oaeo, oiaoi aenieei cia/aiiyi eiao?oe??ioa
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy iice/aieo ? aeanieo eioo?a. Oi?aae?iiy ?eceeii cieaeaiiy
o?iainiai? noaeino? iiaeiii noaoe neeaaeiaith /anoeiith caaaeueii?
no?aoaa?? oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth.

O i?ioean? oi?ioaaiiy aoaeoeaii? iie?oeee oi?aae?iiy ?eceeii cieaeaiiy
o?iainiai? noaeino? iniaeeao oaaao o?aaa i?eae?eeoe i?io?eaeoe/iei
caoiaeai oa nenoai? aioo??oiueiai no?aooaaiiy.

10. I?iaeaie aaeaioaoe?? o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoa aei
iniaeeainoae ?eieiaiai na?aaeiaeua c’yaeythoueny o?eueee c aeieeiaiiyi
oaeiai na?aaeiaeua, ?o neeaaei?noue, aeooaeuei?noue oa cia/ei?noue ia
ciaioothoueny. sseui i?aei?e?inoaa ia aoaeooue o noai? oni?oii ?o
ae??ooaaoe, oi ?eieiaa aeiiii?ea ye oaea ia a?aeaoaeaoueny, ai aiie ?
aacenii aoaeue-yei? nenoaie ainiiaea?thaaiiy – aaei?i?no?aoeaii? aai
?eieiai?, ieaiiai? aai eiieo?aioii?. Ioaea, iaeii/anii c oi?ioaaiiyi
eiieo?aioii? aeiiii?ee aeey i?aei?e?inoa aeieeathoue i?iaeaie
aaeaioaoe?? aei ?eieiaiai na?aaeiaeua. ?icaeyaeath/e ?ieue oa i?noea
i?iaeai aaeaioaoe?? o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoa aei ?eieo, ?o
iiaeia iiae?eeoe ia oaeoe/i? oa no?aoaa?/i?. I?e/iio ia?o? iiaeii?
ae??ooaaoeny o eiioaeno? ae?oaeo.

11. Aioo??oi? iaoai?cie o?iainiai? noaa?e?caoe?? iiaeii? caaacia/eoe
?aae?caoe?th oa?i?iiaeo caoiae?a, iai?aaeaieo ia iiiiaeaiiy
ieaoini?iiiaeiino? ? a?aeiiaeaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa ca
?aooiie aioo??oi?o ?aca?a?a. Oe? iaoai?cie a?oioothoueny ia
iine?aeiaiiio aeei?enoaii? iaaieo iiaeaeae oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue,
ia?aieo a?aeiia?aeii aei niaoeeo?ee ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino?
i?aei?e?inoaa ? ianooaa?a e?eciaeo yaeu a eiai ?icaeoeo. Oni?oia
canoinoaaiiy aioo??oi?o iaoai?ci?a aeanoue ciiao ia eeoa ciyoe o?iainiao
iai?oao, a e cia/ii iiieceoe nooi?iue caeaaeiino? a?ae aeei?enoaiiy
iiceeiaiai eai?oaeo, i?enei?eoe oaiie aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo
i?aei?e?inoaa.

INIIAI? IOAE?EAOe?? CA OAIITH AeENA?OAOe??

Ieena A. E. Ci?oeiaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa. // O?iaine
Oe?a?ie. – 1998. – ?5. – N.86-90. (0,31 ae.a.)

Ieena A. E. Iaoiaeieiai/ii aniaeoe aiaeico oiiainiai? noaeinoi oa
eieaiaeiinoi aeoeiiia?ieo oiaa?enoa. // Oiiaine Oe?a?ie i?e ia?aoiaei
aei ?eieo. Cai?iee iaoeiaeo i?aoeue Aieeinueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Ean? Oe?a?iee. – Eooeuee: Aeaeaaieoeoai AAeO “Aaaea”,
1996. – N. 138-140. (0,18 ae.a.)

Ieena A. I?iaeaie iaoiaeieia?? aiae?co o?iainiai? noaeino? oa
e?ea?aeiino? i?aei?e?inoa. // Iaoe?iiaeueia aeiiii?ea Oe?a?ie: i?iaeaie
noaiiaeaiiy, ia?niaeoeae. A?niee Euea?anueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo,1997. Na??y
aeiiii?/ia. – Aei. 27. – N.77-80. (0,19 ae.a.)

Ieena A. E. Iniaeeaino? i?aai?caoe?? no?aoaa?/iiai aioee?eciaiai
oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth i?aei?e?inoaa. //?aoi?ia
o?iainiai-e?aaeeoii? nenoaie ia?ao?aeii? aeiiii?ee Oe?a?ie. Ca??iee
iaoeiaeo i?aoeue. – Eooeuee: ?aaeaeoe?eii-aeaeaaie/ee a?aeae?e
Aieeinueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i. Ean? Oe?a?iee, 1998. –
N.156-162. (0,34 ae.a.)

No?aooaaiiy o?iainiai-aeiiii?/ieo ?ecee?a o iaeiio ? na?aaeiueiio
i?aei?e?iieoeoa? (?c ca?oa?aeiiai aeina?aeo). / O eiec?: ?aaa?/oe N. E.,
No?aeueaeoeueeee I. I. Aaciaea iaeiai ? na?aaeiueiai i?aei?e?iieoeoaa.
Iaa/aeueiee iin?aiee. – E.: ?CII, 1997. – N.60-65. (0,31 ae.a.)

Ieena A. E., Ieueeia I. A. ?ieue ciaiioiio oaeoi??a o oi?ioaaiii
oiiainiai? noaeinoi iiaei?e?inoa. // Oai?iy i i?aeoeea i?aei?e?iieoeoaa:
i?iaeaie aea/aiiy oa aeiiiii/ii? i?inaioe a Oe?a?ii. Iaoa?iaee
i?aeia?iaeiiai eioiueiai aeiiiii/iiai naiano?o “Iioa?aei”,
O?oneaaaoeue-Eueaia,1997. – N.96-98. (0,16 ae.a.)

Ieena A. E. Aiaeioe/ia ioeiiea ?iaiy oiiainiai? noaeinoi oa
eieaiaeiinoi oiiainiaeo ?ano?nia iiaei?e?inoa a oiiaao ia?aoiaeo aei
oi?i ?eieiai? ae?iaie/i-ainiiaea?nueei? aeiyeueiinoi. // Noaiiaeaiiy
iaoeiiiaeueii? aeiiiiiee Oe?a?ie. Cai?iee iaoa?iaeia Anaoe?a?inueei?
iaoeiai? eiioa?aioei?. Eueaia,1995. – Aei. 3. – N.65-67. (0,19 ae.a.)

Ieena A. O?iainiaa noae?noue i?aei?e?inoa a oiiaao ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee.
//Aeiiii?ea Oe?a?ie: no/ani? i?iaeaie oa ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo. Ca??iee
iaoeiaeo noaoae. – Euea?a: EAeO, 1997. – N.23-24. (0,09 ae.a.)

Ieena A. Aioo??oi? iaoai?cie o?iainiai? noaa?e?caoe?? a nenoai?
aioee?eciaiai oi?aae?iiy i?aei?e?inoaii. // Oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiai?
aeiiii?ee a Oe?a?i?. Iaoeiaee ca??iee. Aei.2 / EAeO ?i. ?.O?aiea. –
Euea?a, 1997. – N.56-59. (0,28 ae.a.)

Ieena A. Iniaeeaino? i?aai?caoe?? oi?aae?inueeiai eiio?ieth iaae ??aiai
o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa a oiiaao noaiiaeaiiy ?eieiaeo
a?aeiinei. // Oi?ioaaiiy ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee a Oe?a?i?. Iaoeiaee ca??iee.
Aei.3 / EAeO ?i. ?.O?aiea. – Euea?a, 1998. – N.59-61. (0,14 ae.a.)

Ieena A. E. Oi?aae?iiy ?eceeii cieaeaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino?
i?aei?e?inoaa a oiiaao ia?ao?aeii? aeiiii?ee. // Ca??iee iaoa??ae?a
ia?oi? Anaoe?a?inueei? aeiiiiao?e/ii? eiioa?aioe?? “Aeiiiiao?e/i?
iaoiaee ? iiaeae? a aeiiii?oe?: oai??y ? i?aeoeea”. – *anoeia 3. –
Euea?a, 1998. – N. 66-70. (0,2 ae.a.)

Ieena A. E., I?i/ei I. N. Iniaeeaino? no?aoaa?/iiai aiae?co o?iainiai?
noaeino? a oiiaao aioee?eciaiai oi?aae?iiy i?aei?e?inoaii. //Ca??iee
iaoa??ae?a ia?oi? Anaoe?a?inueei? aeiiiiao?e/ii? eiioa?aioe??
“Aeiiiiao?e/i? iaoiaee ? iiaeae? a aeiiii?oe?: oai??y ? i?aeoeea”. –
*anoeia 2.- Euea?a, 1998. – N. 38-49. (0,6 ae.a.)

Ieena A.E. E?eca iaieaoaae?a ye oaeoi? aeanoaa?e?caoe??
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai ?icaeoeo aaei?i?no?aoeaieo ?aeii?a a Oe?a?i?.
// Nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? oa aeieia?/i? i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo
aaei?i?no?aoeaieo ?aeii?a. Ca??iee iaoeiaeo aeiiia?aeae. /?inoeooo
?aa?iiaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue IAI Oe?a?ie. – Euea?a, 1997. – N.133-136.
(0,36 ae.a.)

Ieena A. Iniiai? i?eioeeie oi?ioaaiiy aoaeoeaii? ?iaanoeoe?eii?
no?aoaa?? i?aei?e?inoaa a oiiaao ia?ao?aeii? aeiiii?ee. // ?iaanoeoe?eia
ae?yeuei?noue a Oe?a?i?: i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo oa ?aaoethaaiiy (oace
iaoeiaeo aeiiia?aeae i?aeia?iaeii? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe??).
*a?i?aoe?, 1997. – N.119-120. (0,11 ae.a.)

Ieena A.E., *a?eaoei ?.A. ?eiie aai/o?iiai eai?oaeo ye aeaea?aei
?icaeoeo ?iiiaaoe?eiiai i?aei?e?iieoeoaa. // ?iaanoeoe?eia ae?yeuei?noue
a Oe?a?i?: i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo oa ?aaoethaaiiy (oace iaoeiaeo aeiiia?aeae
i?aeia?iaeii? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe??). *a?i?aoe?, 1997. – N.
(0,08 ae.a.)

Ieena A. Ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo no?aoiaiai ?eieo a Oe?a?i?. // Oi?ioaaiiy
?eieiai? aeiiii?ee a Oe?a?i?. Iaoeiaee ca??iee. Aei.1. / EAeO ?i.
?.O?aiea. – Euea?a, 1997. – N.76-78. (0,11 ae.a.)

??eue C., Ieena A. No?aooaaiiy ?eceeo iaieaoaaeo o iaeiio
i?aei?e?iieoeoa?: aeina?ae e?a?i Cao?aeii? ?a?iie. // ?ano?oeoo?ecaoe?y
aeiiii?ee oa ?iaanoeoe?? a Oe?a?i? (iaoa??aee i?aeia?iaeii?
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe??). – *a?i?aoe?, 1998. – N.67-69. (0,14
ae.a.).

AIIOAOe?ss

Ieena A. E. I?aai?caoe?y oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth i?aei?e?inoa a
oiiaao ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieo. – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 08.02.03. – i?aai?caoe?y oi?aae?iiy, ieaioaaiiy ?
?aaoethaaiiy aeiiii?eith – Euea?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao ?iai?
?aaia O?aiea. Euea?a,1998.

O aeena?oaoe?? aeine?aeaeothoueny i?iaeaie i?aai?caoe?? oi?aae?iiy
o?iainiaith noae?noth i?aei?e?inoa a oiiaao ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieo. Eiei
?icaeyiooeo ieoaiue aeeth/a? oai?aoe/i? iniiae i?aai?caoe?? oi?aae?iiy
o?iainiaith noae?noth, i?aai?caoe?eii-aeiiii?/i? iaoai?cie oi?aae?iiy oa
oeyoe ci?oeiaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoa a oiiaao ia?aoiaeo aei
?eieo. Cina?aaeaeaii oaaao ia ?icaeyae? e?eoa???a ioe?iee ??ai?a oa
iniaeeainoyo i?aai?caoe?? oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaith noae?noth i?aei?e?inoaa
a oiiaao ia?ao?aeii? aeiiii?ee. I?iaiae?ciaaii aeiiii?/i? ia?aaeoiiae
caaacia/aiiy oa oeyoe aaeaioaoe?? o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoa
Oe?a?ie aei ?eieiaeo oiia ainiiaea?thaaiiy.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: i?aei?e?inoai, i?aei?e?iieoeoai, i?aai?caoe?y
oi?aae?iiy, o?iainiaa noae?noue, aiae?c, oi?aae?iiy ?eceeii.

AIIIOAOeEss

Ieuna A. E. I?aaiecaoeey oi?aaeaiey oeiainiaie onoie/eainoueth
i?aaei?eyoee a oneiaeyo ia?aoiaea e ?uieo. – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa yeiiiie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 08.02.03. – i?aaiecaoeey oi?aaeaiey, ieaie?iaaiea e
?aaoee?iaaiea yeiiiieeie. – Eueaianeee ainoaea?noaaiiue oieaa?neoao
eiaie Eaaia O?aiei, Eueaia,1998.

A aeenna?oaoeee enneaaeiaaiu i?iaeaiu i?aaiecaoeee oi?aaeaiey oeiainiaie
onoie/eainoueth i?aaei?eyoee a oneiaeyo ia?aoiaea e ?uieo. E?oa
?anniao?eaaaiuo aii?inia aeeth/aao oai?aoe/aneea iniiau i?aaiecaoeee
oi?aaeaiey oeiainiaie onoie/eainoueth, i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneea
iaoaieciu oi?aaeaiey e iooe oeo/oaiey oeiainiaie onoie/eainoe
i?aaei?eyoee a oneiaeyo ia?aoiaea e ?uieo. Nin?aaeioi/aii aieiaiea ia
?anniio?aieee e?eoa?eaa ioeaiee o?iaiae e iniaaiiinoae i?aaiecaoeee
oi?aaeaiey oeiainiaie onoie/eainoueth i?aaei?eyoey a oneiaeyo
ia?aoiaeiie yeiiiieee.

I?iaiaeece?iaaii yeiiiie/aneea i?aaeiinueee iaania/aiey e iooe
aaeaioaoeee oeiainiaie onoie/eainoe i?aaei?eyoee Oe?aeiu e ?uii/iui
oneiaeyi oicyenoaiaaiey.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: i?aaei?eyoea, i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoai, i?aaiecaoeey
oi?aaeaiey, oeiainiaay onoie/eainoue, aiaeec, oi?aaeaiea ?eneii.

ANNOTATION

V. Plysa Organizing the management of enterprise financial stability
under the conditions of transition to market economics. – Manuscript.

Thesis for the award of scientific degree of candidate of science in
economics for speciality 08.02.03 – organization, management, planning
and administration of economics. -The Ivan Franko State University of
L’viv, L’viv, 1998.

The thesis studies the problems of organizing financial stability
management for enterprises under the conditions of transition to market
economics. The range of considered question includes the theoretical
basis for organizing financial stability management, organizational and
economic management mechanisms as well as ways to consolidate financial
stability of enterprises under the conditions of transition to market.
Attention is focused on the consideration of criteria for levels
estimation, and also, on the organization peculiarities of financial
stability for enterprises under the conditions of transition to market
economics. Providing of economic along side with the ways for adapting
financial stability of enterprise were analysed.

Key words: enterprise, enterprising, organizing the management,
financial stability, analysis, risk control.

I?aeienaii aei ae?oeo 02.10.98.Oi?iao 60o84/16. Iai?? ae?oe. Ae?oe
ionao.

Oiiai. ae?oe. a?e. 1,0. Oiiai. oa?aia?aea. 1,0. Iae.-aeae.a?e. 1,0.
Oe?aae 100.

Aeaeaaie/ee oeaio? Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i. ?.
O?aiea.

290602 Euea?a, aoe. Oi?aa?neoaonueea, 1

O e?a?e /anoei? ?enoiea no??eee aeacothoue ia cai?ioi?e ca’ycie ?
iiaeeea?noue ooi/iaiiy, aei?iaee ?acoeueoao?a iiia?aaeiueiai aoaio, yeui
a?ae oeueiai caeaaeeoue ye?nia aeeiiaiiy ianooiiiai aoaio.

Iiyniaiiy oiiaieo iicia/aiue: 1. – ci?oeiaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino?
i?aei?e?inoaa; 1.1 – onoiaiiy iaieaoini?iiiaeiino? i?aei?e?inoaa; 1.2 –
a?aeiiaeaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa; 1.3 – ci?ia o?iainiai?
no?aoaa?? c oe?eeth i?enei?aiiy aeiiii?/iiai ?inoo; 1.1.1 – ciaioaiiy
iioi/ieo ciai?oi?o o?iainiaeo ciaia’ycaiue i?aei?e?inoaa; 1.1.2 –
ciaioaiiy iioi/ieo aioo??oi?o o?iainiaeo ciaia’ycaiue; 1.1.3 –
ca?eueoaiiy aaee/eie a?ioiaeo aeoea?a, ye? caaacia/othoue iie?eooy
iioi/ieo ciaia’ycaiue; 1.2.1 – ca?eueoaiiy ianyao iiceoeaiiai a?ioiaiai
iioieo; 1.2.2 – cieaeaiiy ianya?a niiaeeaaiiy ?iaanoeoe?eieo ?ano?n?a
i?aei?e?inoaa o iioi/iiio ia??iae?; 1.3.1 – ca?eueoaiiy oaii?a i?e?inoo
ianya?a ?aae?caoe?? i?iaeoeoe??; 1.3.2 – ia?aaeyae ie?aieo iai?yi?a
o?iainiai? no?aoaa?? i?aei?e?inoaa; 1.1.1.1 – i?ieiiaaoe?y
ei?ioeino?ieiaeo aaie?anueeeo e?aaeeo?a; 1.1.1.2 – a?aeoa?i?ioaaiiy
aeieaoe ia?aoiaaieo aeea?aeaiae?a, i?ioeaio?a oa ?i.; 1.1.1.3 –
i?iaeiaaeaiiy no?ie?a e?aaeeoi?nueei? caai?aiaaiino? ii oiaa?ieo
iia?aoe?yo; 1.1.2.1 – nei?i/aiiy noie iino?eieo aeo?ao; 1.1.2.2 –
nei?i/aiiy ??aiy ci?iieo aeo?ao; 1.1.3.1 – e?ea?aeaoe?y ii?ooaey
ei?ioeino?ieiaeo o?iainiaeo aeeaaeaiue; 1.1.3.2 – ?aae?caoe?y ie?aieo
aenieie?ea?aeieo a?ioiaeo ? oiiaeiaeo ?ino?oiaio?a ii?ooaey
aeiaaino?ieiaeo o?iainiaeo aeeaaeaiue; 1.1.3.3 – ?ao?iainoaaiiy
aeaa?oi?nueei? caai?aiaaiino?; 1.1.3.4 – i?enei?aiiy iai?ioo
aeaa?oi?nueei? caai?aiaaiino?; 1.2.1.1 – i?iaaaeaiiy aoaeoeaii? oe?iiai?
iie?oeee c iaoith ca?eueoaiiy noie /enoiai aeioiaeo i?aei?e?inoaa;
1.2.1.2 – i?iaaaeaiiy aoaeoeaii? iiaeaoeiai? iie?oeee c iaoith
ca?eueoaiiy noie /enoiai i?eaooeo; 1.2.1.3 – i?iaaaeaiiy aoaeoeaii?
ai?n?eii? iie?oeee o i?ioean? ca?eueoaiiy noie aeaniiai eai?oaeo ca
?aooiie aeiaeaoeiaiai aeioneo aeoe?e oa ?ioeo oe?iieo iaia??a; 1.2.1.4 –
i?iaaaeaiiy aoaeoeaii? aii?oecaoe?eii? iie?oeee; 1.2.2.1 – a?aeiiaa a?ae
ii/aoeo ?aae?caoe?? ?aaeueieo ?iaanoeoe?eieo i?iaeo?a, ui ia caaacia/o?
oaeaeeee /enoee a?ioiaee iio?e; 1.2.2.2 – caeo/aiiy iniiaieo ae?iaie/eo
oiiae?a ? iaiaoa??aeueieo aeoea?a ia oiiaao e?ceiao ? naeaiao; 1.2.2.3
oei/aniaa i?eieiaiiy oi?ioaaiiy ii?ooaey aeiaaino?ieiaeo o?iainiaeo
aeeaaeaiue; 1.2.2.4 – cieaeaiiy ii?iaoeao iai?ioieo aeoea?a ca ?aooiie
i?enei?aiiy ?oiueiai iai?ioo.

PAGE 27

PAGE

1.3

1.2

1

No?aoaa?/ia oe?eue

1.1.1

1.1.3

1.3.2

1.3.1

1.2.2

1.2.1

1.1.2

Oaeoe/i? oe?e?

1.1

Iia?aoeai?

oe?e?

1.1.3.1

1.1.2.1

1.1.1.1

Oe?e? iia?a-oeaiiai ai?e-ciioo

1.1.2.2

1.1.1.2

1.1.3.2

1.2.1.1

1.2.1.2

1.1.1.3

1.1.3.3

1.2.2.4

1.1.3.4

1.2.1.3

1.1.3.5

1.2.1.4

1.2.2.3

1.2.2.2

1.2.2.1

1.1.3.6.

?aeaioeo?eaoe?y (?ici?ciaiiy) ?eceeo cieaeaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino?
i?aei?e?inoaa

sse?nia oa e?euee?nia ioe?iea ?eceeo cieaeaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino?
i?aei?e?inoaa

Aenieee nooi?iue ?eceeo

?ecee ia nooo?aee

Eiio?ieue ?eceeo cieaeaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa

I?eeiyooy aai ca?eueoaiiy nooiaiy ?eceeo

Iioei?caoe?y ?eceeo cieaeaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino? i?aei?e?inoaa

Aioo??oi? niiniae iioei?caoe?? (cieaeaiiy) ?eceeo

Ciai?oi? niiniae cieaeaiiy nooiaiy ?eceeo cieaeaiiy o?iainiai? noaeino?
i?aei?e?inoaa

Nenoaia aioo??oiueiai no?aooaaiiy

I?io?eaeoe/i? caoiaee

Ciai?oi? no?aooaaiiy

?iciiae?e ?eceeo

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