CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. A /ene? iaeaaaeeea?oeo iai?yie?a caaacia/aiiy
?aioaaaeueiino? aoaeaaeiaoaieo i?aei?e?inoa ? caaea/a cieaeaiiy aeo?ao
ia i?iaaaeaiiy ? i?aeo?eiaiiy a??ie/eo ae?iaie. I?e o?eaaeeo no?ieao
aenieoaoaoe?? ?o no?ee?noue ae??oo?oueny aieiaiei /eiii ca ?aooiie
aeei?enoaiiy iano/i? cae?aiino? e??ieaiiy, a?ey 90% yeiai aeeiio?oueny c
iaoaeaaiai niaoei?io?eth. Aea eiino?oeoe?? e??ieaiiy oae?, ui
iiaeeeaino? i?ieaoieo i?io?e?a aeei?enoiaothoueny ia a iiai?e i??? ?c-ca
iaaeineiiaeino? aoce?a c(?aeiaiiy aeaiaio?a. Oea i?eaiaea aei oiai, ui
ca?ac ia oaooao Aeiiaano a?ey 40% ae?iaie cia/ii aeaoi?iiaai? ? aei 20%
ciaoiaeyoueny a aaa??eiiio noai?. Ia aaeeeeo aeeaeiao aeaeiaooeo
aoa?eey, /ei oa?aeoa?ecothoueny ?iaeiaeua Oe?a?ie, i?iaeaia caaacia/aiiy
no?eeino? ae?iaie caaino?th?oueny.
Ia?niaeoeaiei oa aoaeoeaiei iai?yieii ?ica(yceo caaea/ e??ieaiiy ?
i?aeo?eiee ae?iaie, ui cai?iiiiiaaiee oa ?ioaineaii ?ac?iaeth?oueny
a?aeiieie a/aieie e?a?ie a inoaii? /ane, ? ni?yiiaaia caeo/aiiy ii??ae a
?iaioo nenoaie «e??ieaiiy – ianea» oa ea?iaaia aeaoi?ioaaiiy ianeao
iaaeiei ae?iaee. ?aae?caoe?y oeueiai iai?yieo a oiiaao neaaeeo ii??ae
noaea iniaeeai ?aaeueiith i?e aeyaeaii? a aaiiaoai?oe? caeiiii??iino?
?oeioaaiiy a??nueeeo ii??ae a i?eeiioo?i?e iaeano? ae?iaee. A
a?aeiia?aeiino? c iath aoaeoeaiei ?ica(yceii i?aeo?eiaiiy ae?iaie a
neaaiiaoaii?o?ciaaieo ii?iaeao, oa?aeoa?ieo aeey oiia Cao?aeiiai
Aeiiaano, ? i?aeaeuaiiy aei?noeino? e??ieaiiy, iaiaaeaiiy
i?aeaeaoeeaino? ia ??ciiiai?oieo noaae?yo iiaaae?iee ianneao,
aeinyaiaiiy ??aiii??iiai ia?a?iciiae?eo coneeue ia e??ieaiiy a?ae
a??nueeiai oeneo, caieioo?noue e??ieaiiy ? o. i. A?aoiaoth/e, ui a
na?aaeiueiio ii oaooao Cao?aeiiai Aeiiaano ui??/ii iio??aii
ia?ae??ieyoe aei 4-6 ei ae?iaie, iaiao?aeii c iiaeo iiceoe?e ia?aaeyiooe
iiaeeea?noue aeei?enoaiiy ?nioth/iai e??ieaiiy ? noai?eoe iiaa aeey
c?inoaiiy no?ieo neoaeae ae?iaie ? cieaeaiiy cao?ao i?e ?o canoinoaaii?.
Oaeei /eiii, caaea/a i?aeaeuaiiy no?eeino? ae?iaie a oiiaao
neaaiiaoaiio?ciaaieo ii??ae aeooaeueia ? ?? ?ica(ycie ia? aaaeeeaa
i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy.
Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiue. Iaa?oiooaaoe ? ?ic?iaeoe ?aoe?iiaeuei? ia?aiao?e
iaoaeaaiai e??ieaiiy aeey i?aeaeuaiiy no?eeino? ae?iaie oa cieaeaiiy
aeo?ao i?e eiai canoinoaaii?.
Aeey aeinyaiaiiy iaoe iaiao?aeii ?ica(ycaoe ianooii? caaea/?.
I?iaanoe oaooi? aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaaae?iee nenoaie «ii?iaeiee ianea –
e??ieaiiy» i?e ??ciiiai?oieo aeaeao e??ieaiiy.
Aea/eoe no?ee?noue aaaaoiaeaiaioiiai e??ieaiiy.
?ic?iaeoe iaoiae ?ic?aooieo ia?aiao??a no?eeino? iaoaeaaiai e??ieaiiy c
i?yiie?i?eieie aeaiaioaie.
Aeeiiaoe aenia?eiaioaeueii – i?iieneiao ia?aa??eo no?eeino?
aaaaoiaeaiaioiiai iaoaeaaiai e??ieaiiy.
I?iaanoe oaoi?ei – aeiiii?/io ioe?ieo aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy
aaaaoieaieiaiai e??ieaiiy.
?aeay ?iaioe iieyaa? a aeei?enoaii? e?iaiaoe/ii? ?ooeeaino? ? iaiaaeai?e
i?aeaeaoeeaino? iaoaeaaiai e??ieaiiy c i?yiie?i?eieie aeaiaioaie aeey
aaeaioaoe?? eiai aei a??nueeiai oeneo ca ?aooiie i?eaeaaiiy
?aoe?iiaeueii? oi?ie a i?ioean? ci?uaiiy eiioo?o.
Iniiai? iaoeia? iieiaeaiiy:
1. Aeei?enoaiiy i?yiie?i?eieo neeaaeath/eo e??ieaiiy aeaiaio?a ?
iaiaaeaiiy ?o e?eueeino? a?ae 5 aei 7 i?aeaeuo? aaeaioaoe?th e??ieaiiy
aei a??nueeiai oeneo oa i?ecaiaeeoue aei eiai ??aiii??iiai
ia?a?iciiae?eo ii eiioo?? ia?a??co, ui ciaioo? iaaaioaaeaiiy ia noiyee
e??ieaiiy a 2 ?ace, a aeaeii? iiiaioe a aa?oiyeao ia 50%.
2. AEi?noe?noue eiino?oeoe?? e??ieaiiy a iaea?eueo?e i??? caeaaeeoue
a?ae ia?aiao??a c(?aeioaaeueii? ieaiee a aoceao c(?aeiaiiy i?yiie?i?eieo
aeaiaio?a e??ieaiiy: ii?? e??ieaiiy ciaoiaeeoueny a ia?aaie?/i?e
caeaaeiino? a?ae oiaueie ieaiee ? a e?i?ei?e – a?ae ?? oe?eie.
3. Ca?eueoaiiy aei?noeino? a aoceao c(?aeiaiiy aeaiaio?a oa ci?ia
iai?yieo i?aeaeaoeeaino? e??ieaiiy ii ia?a??co ae?iaee i?ecaiaeeoue aei
ciaioaiiy a 2 ? a?eueoa ?ace ci?uaiue eiioo?o ae?iaee oa ni?aa?aeiioaiiy
i?ae ai?eciioaeueiith oa aa?oeeaeueiith ?o eiiiiiaioaie, ui aeicaiey?
caaacia/eoe iaiao?aei? no?iee i?ae?aiiioiiai aenieoaooaaiiy i?aeaioia/eo
ae?iaie.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a:
1. Oaooieie aeine?aeaeaiiyie i?iya?a a??nueeiai oeneo a ae?iaeao,
cae??ieaieo iaoaeaaei e??ieaiiyi c ??ciiiai?oieie aeaiaioaie
i?aeneeaiiy, a oaeiae noaiaeiaeie aei?iaoaaiiyie aecia/ai? aieiai?
iai?yiee i?aeaeuaiiy no?eeino? ae?iaie a neaaiiaoaii?o?ciaaieo ii?iaeao:
iaiaaeaiiy i?aeaeaoeeaino? e??ieaiiy oa ci?ia ?? iai?yieo ii ia?a??co
ae?iaee.
2. Cai?iiiiiaaia ?ic?aooieiaa noaia ? io?eiai? aecia/aeuei? caeaaeiino?
aeey eiino?oeoeaieo ia?aiao??a iaoaeaaiai e??ieaiiy c i?yiie?i?eieie
aeaiaioaie, ye? a?ae??ciythoueny eiiieaeniei a?aooaaiiyi ?ici???a
aeaiaio?a, aei?noeino? aoce?a ?o c(?aeiaiiy, ?ici???a c(?aeioaaeueii?
ieaiee, aeeaeie ciie c?oeiiaaieo ii??ae oa a??nueeiai oeneo.
Aia?oa io?eiai? ?aoe?iiaeuei? ia?aiao?e iaoaeaaiai i(yoeeaieiaiai
e??ieaiiy c i?yiie?i?eieie aeaiaioaie, ye? caaacia/othoue aeinoaoith
no?ee?noue ae?iaie a neaaiiaoaii?o?ciaaieo ii?iaeao, ui aeicaieeei
neeanoe ia e??ieaiiy oaoi?/i? oiiae oa oni?oii canoinoaaoe eiai aeey
i?aeo?eiaiiy i?aeaioia/eo ae?iaie.
Aenia?eiaioaeueii aecia/aiee ? iaa?oioiaaiee ca(ycie aeaoi?ioaaiiy ?
no?eeino? aaaaoiaeaiaioiiai e??ieaiiy c aei?noeinoth aoce?a c(?aeiaiiy
aeaiaio?a, e?iaiaoe/iith ?ooeea?noth eiino?oeoe?? oa ia?aaea/ith coneeue
ia ?? aeaiaioe ii ia?a??co, ui aeicaieeei iaa?oiooaaoe aeinoia??i?noue
oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue oa aea?aoe ?aoe?iiaeueio eiino?oeoe?th
e??ieaiiy.
5. ?ic?iaeaii, aei?iaoaaii ? ai?iaaaeaeaii iiaee oei iaoaeaaiai
e??ieaiiy aeey i?aeo?eiaiiy ae?iaie a neaaiiaoaii?o?ciaaieo ii?iaeao
(iaoaio Oe?a?ie ia aeiao?ae ?20185 A).
Iaoeiaa cia/aiiy ?iaioe iieyaa? a aecia/aii? caeiiii??iinoae ci?ie
eiino?oeoeaieo ia?aiao??a aaaaoiaeaiaioiiai e??ieaiiy a caeaaeiino? a?ae
?ici???a i?yiie?i?eieo aeaiaio?a, aei?noeino? aoce?a c(?aeiaiiy
aeaiaio?a oa ?ici???a c(?aeioaaeueii? ieaiee, ?ici???a ciie c?oeiiaaieo
ii??ae ? aeeaeie aaaeaiiy a??ie/eo ?ia?o, a oaeiae o iaoeiaiio
iaa?oiooaaii? aeei?enoaiiy iaoaeaaiai aaaaoiaeaiaioiiai e??ieaiiy aeey
i?aeo?eiaiiy ae?iaie a neaaiiaoaii?o?ciaaieo ii?iaeao.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? a iaa?oiooaaii?,
?ic?iaoe? oa ai?iaaaeaeaii? ?aoe?iiaeueieo ia?aiao??a iaoaeaaiai
e??ieaiiy c i?yiie?i?eieie aeaiaioaie aeey i?aeaeuaiiy no?eeino? ae?iaie
? cieaeaiiy cao?ao i?e ?o i?aeo?eiaii?.
Iniiai? aeniiaee ? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? ii ?iaio? aa?eoee a oaoi?/i? oiiae ia
a?i/ia i?aeaeaoeeaa e??ieaiiy AIIE, aeaioiaeaiiy ? aeei?enoaiiy yeiai
aeicaieaii Eii?oaoii Aea?aeiaaeyaeioi?iii?aoe?. E??ieaiiyi AIIE ia oaoo?
«Cao?aeii – Aeiiaanueea» cae??ieaii a?eueo ye 3900 i ae?iaie,
aeiiii?/iee aoaeo neeaaea? a?ey 50 a?i ia iiaiiiee iaoa?.
Iniaenoee aeeaae caeiaoaa/a a ?iaioe, ui iioae?eiaai? a ni?aaaoi?noa?,
iieyaa? a iinoaiiaoe? ? aeai?? iaoiae?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue no?eeino? iaoaeaaiai e??ieaiiy c i?yiie?i?eiiai i?io?eth,
aiae?c? ?o ?acoeueoao?a, iaa?oiooaaii? iaiao?aeiino? aeei?enoaiiy oa
ia?aiao??a ?ic?iaeaiiai e??ieaiiy, i?aai?caoe?? oa o/ano? a eiai
aei?iaoaaii? ? ai?iaaaeaeaii?.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy ? iaoa??aee
aeena?oaoe?? aeiiia?aeaeeny, iaaiai?thaaeeny oa io?eiaee noaaeaiiy ia
3-e iaoeiai-oaoie/i?e eiioa?aioe?? «Ia?eoaeaea?neia iaania/aiea ai?iuo
?aaio» (Aeiiaoeuee, 1995); I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? «Yooaeoeaiay e
aaciianiay iiaecaiiay aeiau/a oaey ia aaca nia?aiaiiuo aeinoeaeaiee
aaiiaoaieee» (Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a, 1996); I?aeia?iaei?e iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e
eiioa?aioe?? «I?iaeaiu aaiiaoaieee a ai?iii aeaea e no?ieoaeuenoaa»
(Ee?a, 1996); iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? «Nia?aiaiiua iooe ?acaeoey
ia?eoaeaea?nei-aaiaeace/aneeo ?aaio ia aaca ia?aaeiaiai ioa/anoaaiiiai e
ca?oaaaeiiai iiuoa» (Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, 1997); Neiiic?oi? «Iaaeaey
ai?iyea – 97» (Iineaa, IAeAO, 1997); oaoi?/ieo ia?aaeao AeOE
«Iaaeia?aaeaoa?eey» (1995 – 1998); i?aeeaoaae?aeueiiio naieia?? IAA
Oe?aeiu (1998). E??ieaiiy AIIE aeniiioaaeiny ia I?aeia?iaei?e aenoaaoe?
«Oaieue – 98» (Aeiiaoeuee, 1998).
Ioae?eaoe??. Ca oaiith aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaai? a?ioo?a ? o?noue
ae?oeiaaieo ?ia?o.
No?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, i(yoe
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a ? aeiaeaoe?a, i?noeoue 143 noi??iee iaoeiiieniiai
oaenoo, o oiio /ene? 33 ?ethno?aoe??, 21 oaaeeoeth, 18 noi??iie
aeiaeaoe?a ? nienie aeei?enoaieo e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae ?c 89
iaeiaioaaiue.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?AAIOE
A??ie/iaaeia?/i? oiiae caeyaaiiy aoa?eueieo ieano?a a Cao?aeiiio
Aeiiaan? niaoe?ae?noaie aecia/athoueny ye iaaeoi neeaaei? ii niaoeeo?oe?
a??ie/eo ?aa?o. Aoaeaai?uath/? ii?iaee c yaii ae?aaeaiith oa?oaao?noth
iathoue iecueeo i?oei?noue (5 -:- 45 IIa), a a?eueoino? aeiaaee?a
i?oei?noue aoa?eey (25 -:- 45 IIa) aeua i?oeiino? ii??ae. A oaeeo
oiiaao, ye i?aaeei, ?acaeaa?oueny ?ioaineaia ?oeioaaiiy ii??ae iaaeiei
ae?iaee, ui i?iyaey?oueny a cia/iiio caeeiaii? ? caeeaeaii? aie?a,
?acaeoeo ?oeioaaiiy a aeeaeio ianeao ia a?aenoaiue aeaa ? a?eueoa
ae?aiao?a ae?iaee. O?aaeeoe?eia e??ieaiiy, yea aeei?enoiao?oueny aeey
i?aeo?eiaiiy ae?iaie, c ia?aoiaeii a??ie/eo ?ia?o ia aeeaeie a?eueoa
i?ae 300 i ia iiaeooue iiai?noth caaacia/eoe iaiao?aei?, c iiceoe?e
aoaeoeaiino? aaaeaiiy a??ie/eo ?ia?o, aeiiae ii nii?oaeaeaiith ?
yenieoaoaoe?? i?aeaioia/eo ae?iaie.
Aiae?c aeine?aeaeaiue iiaaae?iee nenoaie «ianea – e??ieaiiy ae?iaee»,
ii/aoie yeeo a?aeiineoueny aei 30-o ?ie?a, iieaco?, ui a ?icaeoie
?ic?aooieiaeo iaoiae?a ? noaiiaeaiiy aaiiaoai?ee ye iaoee a iaea?eueo
neeaaeiiio ?? iai?yieo – i?aeo?eiaii? ae?iaie aianee aaeeeee aianie
aaaaoi a?aeiieo a/aieo, ia?ae?e yeeo aaciaaeiee. A iao /an a aeinoaoi?e
i??? ?ac?iaeai? ?ic?aooieia? iaoiaee i?iaiicii? ioe?iee ci?uaiue eiioo?o
ae?iaee ? i/?eoaaieo iaaaioaaeaiue ia e??ieaiiy a ??ciiiai?oieo oiiaao,
i?e oeueiio iaea?eueo ia?aaaaei? aii???iaiae?oe/i? iaoiaee, ye?
aacothoueny ia aeinoaoiuei aaeeeiio ianyc? oaooieo ?ino?oiaioaeueieo
aeaieo. Oaeee iaoiae a inoaii? ?iee ?ic?iaeaiee ? aeey oiia
neaaiiaoaii?o?ciaaieo ii??ae (TH.I.Oaeeiaiaeee), a?i iiaea oni?oii
aeei?enoiaoaaoeny aeey io?eiaiiy aeo?aeieo aeaieo i?e ?ic?iaoe?
iaiao?aeiiai aeey caaacia/aiiy no?eeino? ae?iaie e??ieaiiy.
Aeey oiia Cao?aeiiai Aeiiaano a/aieie iaoeiai – aeine?aeieo, o/aiaeo ?
i?iaeoieo ?inoeooo?a oa ae?iaie/eo i?aai?caoe?e Aei?i?ianueeiai ?aa?iio
?ic?iaeai? o aaeee?e e?eueeino? eiino?oeoe?? ? niiniae e??ieaiiy
ae?iaie, ye? oni?oii canoiniaothoueny a niaoeeo?/ieo oiiaao a?eueoith
/anoeiith aeey i?aeo?eiaiiy eai?oaeueieo ae?iaie. Iaaooee aeina?ae
iieaco?, ui ia?niaeoeaiei iai?yieii i?aeaeuaiiy no?eeino? ae?iaie a
oiiaao aaeeeeo aeeaei ? noi?iiaaii? ciie c?oeiiaaieo ii??ae ? c?inoaiiy
iano/i? cae?aiino? ? aei?noeino? e??ieaiiy, ??aiii??iee ?iciiae?e
iaaaioaaeaiue a?ae a??nueeiai oeneo ii ia?a??co ae?iaee, ui ciaioo?
?icaaioaaeaiiy o?iioo ?oeioaaiiy iaaeiei ae?iaee ? iaiaaeo? eiai
?iciianthaeaeaiiy a aeeaeio ianeao. Aeey caaeiaieaiiy oeeo aeiia ia
??ai? aeiaoiae?a cai?iiiiiaai? iia? oeie e??ieaiiy, ye? aacothoueny ia
ci?i? e?eueeino? aeaiaio?a ? c(?aeioaaeueieo aoce?a, cie?aia
aaaaoiaeaiaioi? iie?aiiaeuei? e??ieaiiy. Iaeiae, oeae iai?yiie ?ica(yceo
caaea/? i?aeo?eiaiiy i?aeaioia/eo ae?iaie a oiiaao aaeeeeo aeeaei ia
oaooao Cao?aeiiai Aeiiaano aeaoaeueiiai ?icaeoeo ia io?eiaa. O ca(yceo
c oeei a?aenooi? a aeinoaoi?e i??? aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaaae?iee
aaaaoiaeaiaioiiai e??ieaiiy i?e i?aeo?eiaii? ae?iaie ? ?ic?aooiee ?o ye
iano/i? eiino?oeoe?? ia no?ee?noue, ia ?ic?iaeaiee ?ic?aooieiaee aia?ao
eiino?oeoeaieo ia?aiao??a. Aeoiaey/e c aeniiae?a, ye? io?eiai? ca
?acoeueoaoaie i?iaaaeaiiai aiae?co, noi?ioeueiaai? caaea/?
aeine?aeaeaiue ? aea?ai? iaoiaee ?o ?ica(yceo. Aaciaei ia(?eoii aeey
aeine?aeaeaiue noaea oaooa «Cao?aeii- Aeiiaanueea» ye i?aei?e?inoai, yea
aeaeiaoaa? aoa?eey a oa?aeoa?ieo aeey Cao?aeiiai Aeiiaano oiiaao ia
aeeaeiao 400 – 500 i. Ia oaoo? i?ioyaii 1990 – 1995 ?.?. ia?ae??ieaii
a?eueo ye 10 ei ae?iaie.
Oaooieie aeine?aeaeaiiyie iiaaae?iee a??nueeiai ianeao a ae?iaeao i?e
??ciiiai?oieo aeaeao e??ieaiiy aeyaeaii, ui i?e o?aaeeoe?eiiio a?i/iiio
e??ieaii? oeio EOIO iayai?noue a?eueii? iiaa?oi? a a?oio? ?
iaeiiiai?aaeai?noue i?aeaeaoeeaino? i?eaiaeyoue aei ?ioaineaiiai i?iyao
a??nueeiai oeneo, ui i?eaiaeeoue aei ?icaeoeo i?ioyaii 2.5 – 3.0 ?ie?a
ci?uaiue aei 500 ii ?c ni?aa?aeiioaiiyi aa?oeeaeueii? ? ai?eciioaeueii?
?o neeaaeiaeo ia iaioa 5. Ao?aoa no?eeino? i?e oeueiio i?iyaey?oueny a
ia?aaaaeiiio caeeiaii? i?aeioae ii??ae eoiieiiiae?aii? oi?ie c
oei??iaiiyi e??ieaiiy a ianea ia 150 – 170 ii oa ci?i? aenioe ae?iaee
aei (2.2 – 1.8)i ? oe?eie ii i?aeioa? a?ey noiye?a e??ieaiiy aei (3.6 –
3.4)i i?e i?iaeoieo aaee/eiao a?aeiia?aeii 3.5 i e 4.2 i.
I?aeneeaiiy e??ieaiiy no?eeaie-?aiiioeiaie aai aiea?oaaiiyi a?oioo
ae?iaee eaiaoaie c aeei?enoaiiyi oiae ye aeaiaio?a i?aeneeaiiy iieacaei,
ui i?e oeueiio a?aeaoaa?oueny i?aeaeuaiiy iano/i? cae?aiino? e??ieaiiy,
ciaioaiiy a aeaa ? a?eueoa ?ace ci?uaiue, aea ia onoaathoueny an?
iaaeie?ee ii no?eeino? ye oaoiieia?/iiai, oae ? eiino?oeoeaiiai
oa?aeoa?o (ye?noue aeeiiaiiy caoiae?a, iaeiiiai?aaeai?noue
i?aeaeaoeeaino? oa ?io?), ui i?iyaey?oueny a iacaoooath/iio oa?aeoa?ia?
ci?uaiiy eiioo?o ae?iaee ? c?inoaii? a /an? ?o oaeaeeino? aei 1.5 ?ac?a.
Iiceoeai? ?acoeueoaoe io?eiai? i?e e??ieaii? ae?iaie iaoaeaaei
e??ieaiiyi c i?yiie?i?eieie aeaiaioaie (iae.1). Aeyaeaii, ui i?e
i(yoeeaieiaiio e??ieaii? c /ioe?ia aoceaie c(?aeiaiiy i?yiie?i?eieo
aeaiaio?a ci?uaiiy eiioo?o ae?iaee ciaioothoueny a 2 – 3 ?ace, c?inoa?
??aiii??i?noue aeaoi?ioaaiiy, yea a?aeaeaa?oueny a ciaioaii? a?aeiioaiiy
aa?oeeaeueii? aei ai?eciioaeueii? neeaaeiaeo ci?uaiue aei 3 ? iaioa. I?e
oeueiio aieiaieie iai?yieaie oaeineiiaeaiiy e??ieaiiy ? ca?eueoaiiy eiai
aei?noeino? ? ci?ia i?aeaeaoeeaino? ii ia?a??co ae?iaee, ye? i?eaiaeyoue
aei ciaioaiiy a 2 ? a?eueoa ?ace caeeiaiiy a ae?iaoe?. Ia?niaeoeae
aeei?enoaiiy oaeiai e??ieaiiy ia aeceaathoue noii?ao ? aeine?aeaeaiiy
ia?aiao??a eiai no?eeino? iaiao?aei?.
a)
a)
Iae.1. E??ieaiiy c i?yiie?i?eieo aeaiaio?a (a: 1 – ?aia?) ? oa?aeoa?i?
a?ao?ee ci?uaiue eiioo?o a cae??ieaieo iei ae?iaeao (a: 1,2 – noaioe??).
Aiae?oe/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy no?eeino? iaoaeaaiai e??ieaiiy, ye
aaaaoieaieiai? no?eaeiaai? aei?noei? ?aiii? eiino?oeoe?? c neiao???th
a?aeiinii a?n? ae?iaee (c aeiiouaiiyie, anoaiiaeaieie aiane?aeie oaooieo
aeine?aeaeaiue), aeicaieeee io?eiaoe aecia/aeuei? caeaaeiino? aeey
e?eoe/ieo iaaaioaaeaiue ia aaaaoieaieiaa e??ieaiiy:
, (1)
– oe?eia ? oiaueia c(?aeioaaeueii? ieaiee; l – aeiaaeeia aeaiaioo
e??ieaiiy; ( – eoo c(?aeiaiiy aeaiaio?a e??ieaiiy.
aecia/a?oueny ?c ??aiyiiy no?eeino? e??ieaiiy c n aeaiaio?a
, (2)
aea m = 4, 5, 6… i?e n = 5, 7. 9… e m = 5, 6, 7… i?e n = 6, 8,
10… (i?e n = 3,4 ( = 90(, 120().
E?euee?noue onoaiiaee ?ai ia iiaiiiee iao? ae?iaee a caeaaeiino? a?ae
a??nueeiai oeneo ? aaee/eie ciie c?oeiiaaieo ii??ae aecia/a?oueny ca
oi?ioeith
(3)
aea A – oe?eia ae?iaee; E – eiao?oe??io eiioeaio?aoe?? iai?oaeaiue
a??nueeiai oeneo;(, ( – ia(?iia aaaa oa u?euei?noue ii??ae; I – aeeaeia
aaaeaiiy a??ie/eo ?ia?o; R – ?aae?on ciie c?oeiiaaieo ii??ae; ? –
coneeey a?aeii?o e??ieaiiy; q – i?enei?aiiy a?eueiiai iaae?iiy.
Oi?ioea (1) c a?aooaaiiyi (2) aeey iie?aiiaeueiiai e??ieaiiy i?eeia?
aeaeyae
, (4)
; B = 4.3i; P = 230eI (NAI – 22); ( = 135(; E = 0.01) ca(ycai?
e?i?eiith caeaaei?noth c oe?eiith c(?aeioaaeueii? ieaiee ? ia?aaie?/iith
c ?? oiaueiith. Ci?iith oeeo aeaio ia?aiao??a iiaeia ?aaoethaaoe
a?aie/i? cia/aiiy a?aeii?o aaaaoieaieiaiai e??ieaiiy a ae?aiacii? 150
-:- 400 eI.
A?aoiaoth/e, ui ci?iith e?eueeino? ? aeiaaeeie aeaiaio?a e??ieaiiy,
aoce?a ?o c(?aeiaiiy iiaeia ci?ithaaoe oi?io oa ia?a??c e??ieaiiy ye
eiino?oeoe??, ?aoe?iiaeuei? ?o cia/aiiy, ia?o ca ana e?euee?noue
aeaiaio?a, ? aaaeeeaei ia?aiao?ii no?eeino? e??ieaiiy. ?o
aeine?aeaeaiiyie a ca(yceo c ?ooeea?noth e??ieaiiy, ci?iith iai?yieo
i?aeaeaoeeaino? (?aaoeueiaaii? eooii i?ae aeaiaioaie), oiiaaie
c(?aeiaiiy aeaiaio?a a aoceao oa caaaeueiith no?ee?noth eiino?oeoe??
anoaiiaeaii, ui /enei aeaiaio?a e??ieaiiy iio??aii iaiaaeoaaoe (iae.
2). Iieacaii, ui ?aoe?iiaeueia e?euee?noue aeaiaio?a, yea caaacia/o?
iaeneiaeueio iano/o caeaoi?noue e??ieaiiy (i?e ?ioeo ??aiicia/ieo
oiiaao), ciaoiaeeoueny a ae?aiacii? a?ae 5 aei 7 oooe ?c ci?iith eooa
c(?aeiaiiy aeaiaio?a a aoceao a?ae 135( aei 160( i?e ci?i? aeiaaeeie
aeaiaio?a a?ae 1.5i aei 2.0i. I?e oeueiio ieie iiaeeeai iienaoe
i?aeoe/ii an? oeiia? ia?a??ce i?aeaioia/eo ae?iaie.
Iae. 2. Caeaaei?noue a?aeii?o e??ieaiiy a?ae e?eueeino? i?yiie?i?eieo
aeaiaio?a.
Ia iniia? aeeiiaieo aeine?aeaeaiue ?c a?aooaaiiyi caeaaeiinoae (1) – (3)
i?aaenoaaeaia noaia ?ic?aooieo ?aoe?iiaeueieo ia?aiao??a aaaaoieaieiaiai
e??ieaiiy ? aeeiiaiee ?o ?ic?aooiie aeey iaea?eueo ?iciianthaeaeaieo
ia?aoei?a i?aeaioia/eo ae?iaie (oaae. 1).
Oaaeeoey 1
?ic?aooieia? ia?aiao?e e??ieaiiy aeey ae?iaie ??ciiiai?oieo ia?a??c?a
Ia?a
??c au?.,
i Aenioa ae?.,
ii Oe-?eia ae?.,
ii E?eue
e?noue eie?e
oo Yeaiaioe
e??ieaiiy
Aeiaae E?euee.
ii oo. Iaoa
??ae
e??i-eai. Oei i?i-o?eth E?ie anoa-iia.,
ii ?ici??e
ieaiee, ii Iano- /a
caeaoi
eI
12 3220 4300 1-2 2000 5 No-5 NAI-27 500-800 250 ( 200 ( 20 250
12 3220 4300 1-2 2000 5 No-5 NAI-22 500-800 200 ( 180 ( 20 200
7 2875 2900 1 2000
1500 2
3 No-5 NAI-27 500-800 250 ( 200 ( 20 270
7 2875 2900 1 2000
1500 2
3 No-5 NAI-22 500-800 200 ( 180 ( 20 230
5.6 2375 2900 1 1500 5 No-5 NAI-27 500-800 250 ( 200 ( 20 290
5.6 2375 2900 1 1500 5 No-5 NAI-22 500-800 200 ( 180 ( 20 250
?acoeueoaoe /eneiaeo ?ic?aooie?a iieeaaeai? a iniiao ii?iaoeaiiai
aeieoiaioo «A?i/iua iiaeaoeeaua e?aie AIIE (A?i/i? i?aeaeaoeea?
e??ieaiiy AIIE). Oaoi?/i? oiiae OO O 05481668. 001 – 97». Ia
aeaioiaeaiiy e??ieaiiy AIIE ? aeei?enoaiiy eiai ia oaooao Oe?a?ie
io?eiaiee aeica?e Eii?oaoo Aea?aeiaaeyaeioi?iii?aoe?.
Noaiaeia? aenia?eiaioaeuei? aei?iaoaaiiy ?ic?iaeaiiai e??ieaiiy
aeeiioaaeeny ia niaoe?aeueiiio noaiae? ii aei?iaoaaiith iiaii?ici??iiai
e??ieaiiy a ?inoeooo? IAe?IIOA, a i?iieneia? – i?e e??ieaii? ae?iaie a
oiiaao oaooe «Cao?aeii – Aeiiaanueea» AeOE «Iaaeia?aaeaoa?eey».
Noaiaeia? aei?iaoaaiiy iieacaee, ui i(yoeeaieiaa e??ieaiiy c
aeaiiao?iaeo i?yiie?i?eieo a?ae??ce?a niaoei?io?eth, c(?aeiaieo a
/ioe?ueio aoceao ieaieaie i?ae eooii 135( ? aeaiia oiiooaie a eiaeiiio
aoce?, aaaea naaa ye e?iaiaoe/ii ?ooeeaa eiino?oeoe?y, yea i?eaiaeeoue
aei ??aiii??iiai ia?a?iciiae?eo iaaaioaaeaiue ii ia?a??co, aeicaiey?
e?ea?aeoaaoe e?o/aiiy a ieiuei? e??ieaiiy, ciaioeoe a 1.5 – 2 ?ace
aeaeii? iiiaioe a oao?ia?e /anoei? ? iaaaioaaeaiiy ia noiyee e??ieaiiy
ca ?aooiie c?inoaiiy eiai ?icii?o a aiee ae?iaee aiane?aeie ci?ie
iai?yieo i?aeaeaoeeaino? ii ia?aoeio. C?inoaiiy aei iaeneioio
aei?noeino? e??ieaiiy a iaeiiio c aoce?a i?ecaiaeeoue aei ia?aae/aniiai
eiai ?oeioaaiiy ca ?aooiie «?ice?eooy i?io?eth», a iaaei??ia
i?aeaeaoeea?noue – aei ciaioaiiy aei 2-o ?ac?a iano/i? caeaoiino?.
Iaiao?aeieie oiiaaie caaacia/aiiy i?iaeoieo ia?aiao??a e??ieaiiy ?
iino?eiee eiai eiioaeo c ianeaii ii??ae ii ia?a??co.
iieacaee, ui, iacaaaeath/e ia iacaoooath/ee oa?aeoa? i?iya?a
a??nueeiai oeneo, ci?uaiiy eiioo?o i?ioyaii 1.5 – 2 ?ie?a ia ia?aaa?oeee
aaee/eie 150 ii, no?ee?noue ae?iaie c?inea a 2 ?ace ? caaacia/eea
aenieoaoaoe?th ?o a iaaeao iio??aieo no?ie?a. I?e oeueiio noaoenoe/ii
ona?aaeiai? a?aeoeee i?iaeoieo ?ici???a ia?aoeio ae?iaie neeaee: ii
i?aeioa? – 60 ii, ii aenio? – 70 ii.
E??ieaiiy iieacaei aenieo oaoiieia?/i?noue a iiioaae? ? aeaiiioaae?,
ii??aiyii iecueeo o?oaeii?noe?noue ?ia?o, i?eaeaoi?noue e??ieaiiy i?ney
aeaiiioaaeo ia 90% aeey aaaaoi?aciaiai iiaoi?iiai aeei?enoaiiy.
Ia oaoo? «Cao?aeii – Aeiiaanueea» e??ieaiiyi AIIE cae??ieaii a?eueo ye
3900 i oo?ae?a, ae?iaee i?ioyaii 1.5 – 3 ?ie?a ciaoiaeyoueny a
caaeia?eueiiio aenieoaoaoe?eiiio noai? ? ia iio?aaothoue ?aiiioo.
Oaoi?ei – aeiiii?/ia ioe?iea aeei?enoaiiy e??ieaiiy ii??aiyii c
o?aaeeoe?eiei a?eiaei e??ieaiiyi iieacaea, ui aeiiii?/iee aoaeo a?ae
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy e??ieaiiy neeaaea? a?ey 24 a?i, a iiaeo niinia?a
i?aeo?eiaiiy a??ie/eo ae?iaie – a?ey 50 a?i ia iiaiiiee iao? ae?iaee.
AENIIAEE
Aeena?oaoe?y ? cae?i/aiith iaoeiai – aeine?aeiith ?iaioith, a ye?e
aea?oueny ?ica(ycie aaaeeeai? iaoeiai – oaoi?/ii? caaea/? i?aeaeuaiiy
no?eeino? ae?iaie a oiiaao aaeeeeo aeeaei Cao?aeiiai Aeiiaano, ui
iieyaa? a iaa?oiooaaii? aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy ? ?ic?iaoe?
?aoe?iiaeueieo ia?aiao??a aaaaoiaeaiaioiiai iaoaeaaiai e??ieaiiy aeey
i?aeo?eiaiiy ae?iaie a c?oeiiaaieo neaaiiaoaii?o?ciaaieo ii?iaeao.
Aeey ?ica(yceo oe??? caaea/? aeei?enoai? iaoiae? aiae?co oa
ocaaaeueiaiiy iaoeiai – oaoi?/ieo aeinyaiaiue, oaooi? ? aiae?oe/i?
aeine?aeaeaiiy, noaiaeia? oa i?iieneia? aei?iaoaaiiy no?eeino? e??ieaiiy
? cae??ieaieo iei ae?iaie c aeei?enoaiiyi iniia iaoai?ee a??nueeeo
ii??ae ? i?aecaiieo nii?oae, oai??? no?eeino? ? iiaeaethaaiiy.
Iniiai? iaoeia? aeniiaee ? i?aeoe/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??, io?eiai? a
aeenna?oaoe??, aacothoueny ia ?acoeueoaoao e?eoe/iiai aiae?co iaoiae?a
?ic?aooieo, niinia?a ? cania?a iaiaaeaiiy ? iiia?aaeaeaiiy i?iya?a
a??nueeiai oeneo a ae?iaeao; ?ino?oiaioaeueieo cai???a iiaaae?iee
nenoaie «e??ieaiiy – ianea» a ae?iaeao ii ci?uaiiyo; oai?aoe/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiiyo no?eeino? aaaaoiaeaiaioiiai e??ieaiiy ye no?eaeiaai?
nenoaie; noaiaeiaeo aei?iaoaaiiyo iiaii?ici??iiai e??ieaiiy c
i?yiie?i?eieie iaoaeaaeie aeaiaioaie ? aoce?a ?o c(?aeiaiiy; i?iieneiaeo
aei?iaoaaiue e??ieaiiy a oaooieo oiiaao ? caiaeyoueny aei ianooiiiai:
( 5, i?e c?inoaii? e?eueeino? eaiie e??ieaiiy ? ci?i? iai?yieo
i?aeaeaoeeaino?, yeee caaea?oueny eooii c(?aeiaiiy eaiie e??ieaiiy a
aoceao, ci?uaiiy eiioo?o ae?iaee ciaioothoueny a 2 -3 ?ace ?
noaa?e?cothoueny ?c ni?aa?aeiioaiyi aa?oeeaeueii? neeaaeath/i? aei
ai?eciioaeueii? ia a?eueoa ye 3. I?aeneeaiiy e??ieaiiy no?eeaie –
?aiiioeiaie aai aiea?oaaiiyi i?aeioae eaiaoaie c aeei?enoaiiyi oiae
i?aeaeuo? iano/o cae?ai?noue e??ieaiiy, aea ia e?ea?aeo? cian?i iniiaiee
iaaeie?e – iaeiiiai?aaeaii?noue i?aeaeaoeeaino? ? ?icaeoie ci?uaiue a
i?aeioa? ae?iaee. Io?eiai? aeai? aeei?enoai? ye aeo?aei? i?e ioe?ioe?
no?eeino? aaaaoiaeaiaioiiai iaoaeaaiai e??ieaiiy.
A cia?aaeaii? aaaaoiaeaiaioiiai e??ieaiiy iiaeaeeth no?eaeiaai? ?aiii?
nenoaie c neiiao???th a?aeiinii in? ae?iaee io?eiai? aiae?oe/i?
caeaaeiino?, ui ca(ycothoue eiino?oeoeai? ia?aiao?e e??ieaiiy ?c
cia/aiiyie e?eoe/ieo iaaaioaaeaiue. Anoaiiaeaii, ui no?ee?noue e??ieaiiy
ii iano/?e cae?aiino? ca(ycaia e?i?eiith caeaaei?noth c oe?eiith
c(?aeioaaeueii? ieaiee ? ia?aaie?/iith – ?? oiaueiith, ci?iith
oeeo ia?aiao??a ? iiaeeea?noue ?aaoethaaoe iaaeia? cia/aiiy a?aeii?o
e??ieaiiy a?ae 150 eI aei 400 eI.
3. Io?eiai? ?ic?aooieia? oi?ioee aeey aecia/aiiy ?aoe?iiaeueieo cia/aiue
e?eueeino? onoaiiaee ?ai ia iiaiiiee iao? ae?iaee ? e?eueeino? aeaiaio?a
e??ieaiiy a caeaaeiino? a?ae eiai iano/i? cae?aiino?, a??nueeiai oeneo ?
iaaaioaaeaiiy a?ae c?oeiiaaieo ii??ae. Anoaiiaeaii, ui aeai?ii
e?eueeino? aeaiaio?a e??ieaiiy ? ?o aeiaaeeie ? iiaeeea?noue iienaoe
i?aeoe/ii an? oeiia? ia?a??ce i?aeaioia/eo ae?iaie, i?e oeueiio
?aoe?iiaeueia e?euee?noue aeaiaio?a e??ieaiiy ciaoiaeeoueny a ae?aiacii?
5 ( 7 oooe.
4. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie aiae?oe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue no?eeino? e??ieaiiy ?
e?euee?nieo ioe?iie i?aaenoaaeaia noaia ?ic?aooieo ?aoe?iiaeueieo
ia?aiao??a aaaaoiaeaiaioiiai e??ieaiiy ? aeeiiai? ?o /eneia? ?ic?aooiee,
ye? neeaee iniiao ii?iaoeaiiai aeieoiaioa «A?i/iua iiaeaoeeaua e?aie
AIIE (A?i/i? i?aeaeaoeea? e??ieaiiy AIIE). Oaoie/aneea oneiaey OO O
05481668.001 – 97».
5. Noaiaeia? aei?iaoaaiiy i(yoeeaieiaiai i?aeaeaoeeaiai e??ieaiiy ?c
niaoei?io?eth NAI – 22 iieacaee, ui c?inoaiiy aoce?a i?aeaeaoeeaino? ?
ci?ia ?? iai?yieo i?ae eooii aei a?n? ae?iaee i?aeaeuo? e?iaiaoe/io
?ooeea?noue e??ieaiiy, ni?ey? ??aiii??iiio ia?a?iciiae?eo iaaaioaaeaiue,
caaacia/o? iano/o cae?ai?noue ii aa?oeeaeueieo iaaaioaaeaiiyo aei 250eI
?c caa?aaeaiiyi ?o ia iaioa ye ia 80% i?e aeinyaiaii? iaeneioio, ciaioo?
iaaaioaaeaiiy ia no?eee e??ieaiiy a 2 ?ace, a a aa?oiyeao – a 1.5 ?ace.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui ci?iith oiia ? niiniao c(?aeiaiiy aeaiaio?a e??ieaiiy ?
iiaeeea?noue ci?ithaaoe iai?yiie i?aeaeaoeeaino? e??ieaiiy ii ia?a??co ?
aei?noe?noue aoce?a c(?aeiaiiy, ui aeicaiey? ?aaoethaaoe no?ee?noue
e??ieaiiy a eiie?aoieo oiiaao eiai aeei?enoaiiy.
6. I?iieneia? aei?iaoaaiiy e??ieaiiy aeieacaee eiai caaeia?eueio
i?aoeacaeaoi?noue. Ci?uaiiy eiioo?o i?ioyaii 1.5 ?ie?a ia ia?aaeuoaaee
150ii, ci?ia ?ici???a ii i?aeioa? neeaei + 0.06i i?e i?iaeoiiio 4.4i, a
ii aenio? – + 0.07i i?e i?iaeoiiio 3.1i, ui na?ae/eoue
i?i i?aeaeuaiiy no?eeino? ae?iaie.
7. Ia oaoo? «Cao?aeii – Aeiiaanueea» AeOE «Iaaeia?aaeaoa?eey» ca oeueiai
/ano e??ieaiiyi AIIE cae??ieaii a?eueoa ye 3900i ai?oiaeo ? ca??eiaeo
oo?ae?a. Ae?iaee ciaoiaeyoueny a caaeia?eueiiio noai?.
Oaoi?ei – aeiiii?/ia ioe?iea aeei?enoaiiy e??ieaiiy AIIE
iieacaea, ui i?aeaeuaiiy no?eeino? ae?iaie, cieaeaiiy iaoa??aei?iiino?
e??ieaiiy ? o?oaeii?noeino? i?e iiioaae? – aeaiiioaae? caaacia/o?
aeiiii?/iee aoaeo a ?ici??? a?ey 50 a?i ia iiaiiiee iao?
ae?iaee (a oe?iao ia 1.01.1998?.) a ii??aiyii? c o?aaeeoe?eiei a?i/iei
e??ieaiiyi.
?aeiiaiaeaoe?? ii aeei?enoaiith ?acoeueoao?a. ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe
ca?aeii c oaoi?/ieie oiiaaie ia e??ieaiiy AIIE ? aeicaieii
Aea?aeiaaeyaeioi?iii?aoe? ia eiai aeaioiaeaiiy ? cinoinoaaiiy iiaeeeai
aeei?enoiaoaaoe ia oaooao Oe?a?ie, ye? aeiaoaathoue aoa?eey a oiiaao,
iiae?aieo aei oiia Cao?aeiiai Aeiiaano.
NIENIE INIIAIEO IIOAE?EIAAIEO ?AA?O
CAeIAOAA*A CA OAIITH AeENA?OAOe??
Oaeeiaiaeee TH.I., *aiaeei A.A., Nieoeui A.TH. ?ac?aaioea e aiaae?aiea
a?i/iie iiaeaoeeaie e?aie AIIE. – Aeiiaoee: OeAIOE Ieioaeai?iia Oe?aeiu,
1997. – 57n.
Oaeeiaiaeee TH.I., *aiaeei A.A., Nieoeui A.TH. Iiaeaea?aeaiea ai?iuo
au?aaioie. – Oaieue Oe?aeiu, 1996, ?3. – N. 7 – 9.
*aiaeei A.A. ?aoeeiiaeueiua ia?aiao?u oa?ie?ii – iiaeaoeeaie
iaoaeee/aneie e?aie. – Oaieue Oe?aeiu, 1999, ?1. – N. 18 – 19.
Oaeeiaiaeee TH.I., *aiaeei A.A., Nieoeui A.TH. Eniieueciaaiea
i?yiieeiaeiiai i?ioeey aeey io?aiu au?aaioie a oneiaeyo ?ac?ooaiiiai
ai?iiai ianneaa / Yooaeoeaiay e aaciianiay iiaecaiiay aeiau/a oaey ia
aaca nia?aiaiiuo aeinoeaeaiee aaiiaoaieee. Iaoa?eaeu Iaaeaeoia?iaeiie
eiioa?aioeee. – Naieo – Iaoa?ao?a: AIEIE, 1996. – N. 53 – 55.
Oaeeiaiaeee TH.I., *aiaeei A.A., Nieoeui A.TH., THaeaeiaa ?.A.
Eniieueciaaiea caeiiiia?iinoae ?ac?ooaiey ii?iae i?e iiaeaea?aeaiee
au?aaioie / Aaioaoie/aneay iaoaieea. Iaaeaaaeiinoaaiiue nai?iee iao/iuo
o?oaeia. Auione 3. – Aeiai?iiao?iane: EAOI IAIO, 1997. – N.95 – 97.
Oaeeiaiaeee TH.I., *aiaeei A.A., Nieoeui A.TH. Iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe
eniieueciaaiey niaoei?ioeey aeey iiaeaea?aeaiey ai?iuo au?aaioie /
I?iaeaiu aeae?iiaoaieee a ai?iii aeaea e no?ieoaeuenoaa. Iaoa?eaeu
Iaaeaeoia?iaeiie iao/ii – i?aeoe/aneie eiioa?aioeee. Eeaa: Ciaiea, 1996.
– N. 75 – 77.
*aiaeei A.A. Aaiiaoaie/aneia iainiiaaiea oneeaiey e?aie aeey oaaee/aiey
iaae?aiiioiiai n?iea yenieoaoaoeee au?aaioie / Nia?aiaiiua iooe ?acaeoey
ia?eoaeaea?nei – aaiaeace/aneeo ?aaio ia aaca ia?aaeiaiai ioa/anoaaiiiai
e ca?oaaaeiiai iiuoa. Na. O?oaeia iao/ii – oaoie/aneie eiioa?aioeee. –
Aeiai?iiao?iane: AeAAA, 1997. – N. 275 – 276.
8. Iaoaio 20135 A. Oe?a?ia. Ee. 5 A 21 D 11/14, A 21 D 11/18, A 21 D
11/22. A?i/ia iiaeaoeeaa e??ieaiiy / TH.I.Oae?iaiaeee, A.I.*aiae?i,
A.TH.Ni?oeei. Cayaeaii 23.08.95; Iioae.25.12.97. Athe. ? 6.
Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a a ?iaioe, ui iioae?eiaai? a ni?aaaoi?noa?
iieyaa? a iinoaiiaoe? ? aeai?? iaoiae?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue no?eeino? iaoaeaaiai e??ieaiiy c i?yiie?i?eiiai i?io?eth
(2, 4, 6), aiae?c? ?o ?acoeueoao?a (2, 6), iaa?oiooaaii? canoinoaaiiy ?
ia?aiao??a ?ic?iaeaiiai e??ieaiiy (1, 5, 8).
AIIOAOe?ss
*aiae?i A.I. Iaa?oiooaaiiy ia?aiao??a iaoaeaaiai e??ieaiiy c
i?yiie?i?eieie aeaiaioaie aeey i?aeaeuaiiy no?eeino? ae?iaie a
neaaiiaoaii?o?ciaaieo ii?iaeao. – ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.15.04 – «Oaooia oa i?aecaiia aoae?aieoeoai».
Iaoe?iiaeueia a??ie/a aeaaeai?y Oe?a?ie, Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, 1998.
Caoeuathoueny caeiiii??iino? ci?ie iiaaae?iee ii?iaeiiai ianeao iaaeiei
ae?iaee c ??ciiiai?oieie aeaeaie e??ieaiiy, na?aae yeiai ? oao?iaa
aaaaoieaieiaa, ?aoe?iiaeuei? ia?aiao?e iaoaeaaiai e??ieaiiy c
i?yiie?i?eieie eaieaie oa caeaaeiino? aeey ?o aecia/aiiy, ye?
caaacia/othoue i?aeaeuaiiy no?eeino? ae?iaie ca ?aooiie ca?eueoaiiy
e?iaiaoe/ii? ?ooeeaino? e??ieaiiy oa ??aiii??iiai ia?a?iciiae?eo
iaaaioaaeaiue ia iueiai i?e ci?i? iai?yieo i?aeaeaoeeaino? ii ia?a??co a
aoceao c(?aeiaiiy aeaiaio?a. ?ic?iaeai? oaoi?/i? oiiae ia e??ieaiiy
AIIE. E??ieaiiy i?ieoei i?iieneia? aei?iaoaaiiy ia oaoo? «Cao?aeii –
Aeiiaanueea», io?eiaiee aeica?e Aea?aeiaaeyaeioi?iii?aoe? ia eiai
aeaioiaeaiiy oa canoinoaaiiy ia oaooao Oe?a?ie.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: a??ie/a ae?iaea, e??ieaiiy, ci?uaiiy eiioo?a, aeaiaioe
e??ieaiiy, aocee c(?aeiaiiy, iai?yiie i?aeaeaoeeaino?, no?ee?noue,
aoaeoeai?noue.
AIIIOAOeEss
*aiaeei A.A. Iainiiaaiea ia?aiao?ia iaoaeee/aneie e?aie n i?yiieeiaeiuie
yeaiaioaie aeey iiauoaiey onoie/eainoe au?aaioie a
neaaiiaoaii?oeciaaiiuo ii?iaeao. – ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.15.04 «Oaooiia e iiaecaiiia no?ieoaeuenoai». –
Iaoeeiiaeueiay ai?iay aeaaeaiey Oe?aeiu, Aeiai?iiao?iane, 1998.
Caueuathony caeiiiia?iinoe eciaiaiey iiaaaeaiey ii?iaeiiai ianneaa
aie?oa au?aaioee i?e ?acee/iuo aeaeao aa e?aieaiey, a o. /. oao?iaie
iiiaicaaiueaaie e?aiueth, ?aoeeiiaeueiua ia?aiao?u iaoaeee/aneie e?aie n
i?yiieeiaeiuie yeaiaioaie e caaeneiinoe aeey eo ii?aaeaeaiey,
iaania/eaathuea iiauoaiea onoie/eainoe au?aaioie ca n/ao oaaee/aiey
eeiaiaoe/aneie iiaeaeaeiinoe e?aie e ?aaiiia?iiai ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiey
iaa?ocie ia iaa i?e eciaiaiee iai?aaeaiey iiaeaoeeainoe ii na/aieth a
oceao niaaeeiaiey yeaiaioia. ?ac?aaioaiu oaoie/aneea oneiaey ia e?aiue
AIIE. E?aiue i?ioea i?iiuoeaiioth i?iaa?eo ia oaooa «Caiaaeii –
Aeiiaanneay», iieo/aii ?ac?aoaiea Ainiaaeci?io?aio?oaea ia aa
ecaioiaeaiea e i?eiaiaiea ia oaooao Oe?aeiu.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: ai?iay au?aaioea, e?aieaiea, niauaiey eiioo?a, yeaiaiou
e?aie, oceu niaaeeiaiey, iai?aaeaiea iiaeaoeeainoe, onoie/eainoue,
yooaeoeaiinoue.
SUMMARY
Chemakin V.A. Basis of the steel support parameters with rectilinear
elements to raise the working stability in the weakmetamorphic rocks –
Manuscript.
Bachelor degree dissertation of technical science on the speciality
05.15.04 – Mininq and underqround construction. – The National Mininq
Academy of Ukraine, Dniepropetrovsk, 1998.
The alteration regularities of the rock mass behaviour round the working
with various kinds of support setting, including Shatrovay multilink
support are being defended. Rational parameters of the steel support
with rectilineal elements and dependences for their determination that
ensure raising of the working stability are being maintained. It’s going
on at the expense of the increasing working kinetic mobility and even
redistribution of the support pressure load with alteration of
pliability direction along the cross-section of a roadway in the knots
of the elements connection. Technical conditions of the working APPK
employing are elaborated. The working has taken testing in
Zapadno-Donbasskay mine. The permit of Gosnadzorohrantruda for its
manufacturing and its employing in the mines of Ukraine was received.
Key words: mine working, support setting, outline removal, elements of
mine working, connection knots, yield direction, stability, efficiency.
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