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Несуча здатність вузлових з’єднань баштових конструкцій з клеяної деревини: Автореф. дис… канд. техн. наук / Д.Л. Череднік, Харк. держ. акад. залізн

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6

OA?E?ANUeEA AeA?AEAAIA AEAAeAI?ss CAE?CIE*IIAI O?AINII?OO

*A?AAeI?E AeEIEO??E EAII?AeIAE*

OAeE 624.011.1:674.028.9:624.074.1

IANO*A CAeAOI?NOUe

AOCEIAEO C`?AeIAIUe AAOOIAEO EIINO?OEOe?E C EEAssII? AeA?AAEIE

niaoe?aeuei?noue 05.23.01- aoae?aaeuei? eiino?oeoe??,

aoae?ae? oa nii?oaee

A A O I ? A O A ? A O

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa

oaoi?/ieo iaoe

Oa?e?a – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? iaoaeaaeo oa aea?aa`yieo eiino?oeoe?e
Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo aoae?aieoeoaa oa
a?o?oaeoo?e I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee

– aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Oo?nia Aaaeei A?eoi?iae/,

i?ioani? eaoaae?e iaoaeaaeo oa aea?aa’yieo eiino?oeoe?e Oa?e?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e.

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe

-aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, Oioeea? Aaea??e Naio?eiae/, i?ioani? eaoaae?e
aoae?aaeueieo eiino?oeoe?e Oa?e?anueei? aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai?? i?nueeiai
ainiiaea?noaa;

– eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio Ee?eeaiei A?oae?e Oaaei?iae/,
aeioeaio eaoaae?e aoae?aaeueieo eiino?oeoe?e E?einueeiai ?inoeoooo
i?e?iaeiioi?iiiiai oa eo?i?oiiai aoae?aieoenoaa (i. N?ioa?iiieue).

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – Oe?a?inueeee ciiaeueiee iaoeiai-aeine?aeiee ?
i?iaeoiee ?inoeooo c oeea?eueiiai aoae?aieoeoaa (AAO “Ee?aCIAe?AI”)
Aea?aeaaiiai Eii?oaoo Oe?a?ie o ni?aaao aoae?aieoeoaa, a?o?oaeoo?e ?
aeeoeiai? iie?oeee (i. Ee?a).

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 15 ea?oiy 1999 ?. i 1300 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee

Ae 64.820.02 Oa?e?anueei? aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai?? cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo
ca aae?anith: 310050, i.Oa?e?a, iaeae. Oae??aaoa, 7.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Oa?e?anueei?
aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai?? cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo ca aae?anith: 310050, i.
Oa?e?a, iaeae. Oae??aaoa, 7.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 12 aa?aciy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee,

eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio ??iae ?.I.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. ?icaeoie no/anieo aaeocae iaoee oa oaoi?ee, a naia
oaoi?ee aenieeo iai?oa (OAI), aeeeeeaa iaiao?aei?noue noai?aiiy iiaiai
eeano ?cieyoe?eieo iano/eo aoae?aaeueieo eiino?oeoe?e aeey i?aeo?eiee
onoaoeoaaiue ?iioeueniiai aeaeo?i-o?ce/iiai aieeao. Oae? eiino?oeoe??,
ye? iiaeii? aooe i?aeoe/ii aaciaoaeueieie, iiaeooue aeeiioaaoenue ?c
?cieyoe?eieo iaoa??ae?a: neea oa aea?aaieo ieanoee?a, oa?oi?iaeo
?cieyoi??a oa aea?aaeie. Aea?aaeia, ui ia? iaiao?aei? ae?aeaeo?e/i?
aeanoeaino?, ? a?aeiinii aeaoaaei ? aenieioaoiieia?/iei iaoa??aeii.

Ia eaoaae?? IAeE OAeOOAA iaaooee cia/iee iaoeiai-i?aeoe/iee aeina?ae
i?iaeooaaiiy, aoae?aieoeoaa e aenieoaoaoe?? ?cieyoe?eieo iano/eo
eiino?oeoe?e aeaeo?io?ce/ieo nii?oae, ui aeeiiai? c eeayii? aea?aaeie.
Oiio iaoa e caaea/? aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe ni?yiiaai? ia ae??oaiiy
ieoaiue, ui aeieeathoue ye a i?ioean? i?iaeooaaiiy, oae ? a i?ioean?
aenieoaoaoe?? oeeo eiino?oeoe?e. Oe? ieoaiiy, ye i?aaeei, ia
?aaeaiaioiaai? ii?iaoeaieie aeoaie, ui canoiniaothoueny aei
o?aaeeoe?eieo aeey aoae?aieoeoaa iaoa??ae?a – noae?, cae?ciaaoiio.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy, ye? aoee i?iaaaeai? aeey ia`?eo?a aeaeo?io?ce/iiai
i?ecia/aiiy, ? caaaeueieie e aeey ?ioeo eiino?oeoe?e c eeayii?
aea?aaeie.

Iaoa aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe iieyaa? a aeine?aeaeaii? iniaeeainoae ?iaioe
eeayieo aea?aa`y-ieo eiino?oeoe?e ia neiethaaiiy, c?i`yooy, noeniaiiy oa
aeaei, a oaeiae a ioe?ithaaii? iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio
aaeeeiianooaaieo aoceiaeo c`?aeiaiue aaooiaeo eiino?oeoe?e, ia`?eo?a
aeaeo?ioaoi?/iiai i?ecia/aiiy, ui aeeiiai? c eeayii? aea?aaeie.

Caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiue:

– ioe?ieoe aeaeo?ioaoi?/io o?eae?noue eeayii? aea?aaeie o
aenieiaieueoieo nii?oaeao;

– aeine?aeeoe ?iaioo ia neiethaaiiy oa noenea c?i`yooy iiaeooie ?c EAeE;

– ioe?ieoe aieea ianooaao iiia?a/ieo ia?a??c?a ia o?eae? e i?oaei?
oa?aeoa?enoeee i?e c?i`yoo?, neiethaaii?, aeaei?;

– aecia/eoe iiaeoeue ia`?iii? aeaoi?iaoe?? eeayii? aea?aaeie, a oaeiae
iniaeeaino? ?iaioe eiino?oeoe?e oa aaeeeiianooaaieo aoce?a a oiiaao
neeaaeiiai iai?oaeaiiai noaio c o?aooaaiiyi ai?cio?ii?? aoaeiae;

– ooi/ieoe iniaeeaino? ?o ?ic?aooieo.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a neeaaea?oueny:

-o aea/aii? oa ?ic?iaoe? aoceiaeo c`?aeiaiue aaoo ?c eeayii? aea?aaeie;

-a aenia?eiaioaeueiiio ioe?ithaaii? ?o ae?enii? ?iaioe oa ?ic?iaoe?
i?iiiceoe?e c iaoiaeeee ?ic?aooieo;

– o aecia/aii? ooi/ithth/eo eiao?oe??io?a aieeao ianooaao iiia?a/ieo
ia?a??c?a aeey EAeE ia ??ci? aeaee iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio;

– a aenia?eiaioaeueiiio aeine?aeaeaii? neeaaeiiai iai?oaeaiiai noaio
eiino?oeoe?e ? aoce?a ?c eeayii? aea?aaeie ia aeaiinia noeniaiiy aeey
ioe?iee ?o iano/i? caeaoiino?.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a neeaaea?oueny c oiai, ui
a?aoiaioiaaiee iae?e ai?cio?ii?? a ?cieyoe?eieo eiino?oeoe?yo ?c eeayii?
aea?aaeie ciaioeoue ?iia??i?noue iiyae a?aeiia, ui i?aeaeueoue ?o
caaaeueio iaae?ei?noue i?e ??cieo aieeaao. Aeine?aeaeaiiy, ui aoee
i?iaaaeai? aeey ia`?eo?a aeaeo?ioaoi?/iiai i?ecia/aiiy, iathoue
oi?aa?naeueiee oa?aeoa?, a ?acoeueoaoe, ye? io?eiai? a ?iaio?, iiaeooue
aeei?enoiaoaaoenue a o?aaeeoe?eieo eiino?oeoe?yo, ye? aeeiiai? c ??cii?
aea?aaeie.

Oi?iaaaeaeaiiy. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue aoceiaeo c`?aeiaiue ?c
eeayii? aea?aaeie oi?iaaaeaeai? a ia`?eoao, noai?aieo ia
aenia?eiaioaeuei?e aac? IAeIE? “Iieiey” a Oa?e?anuee?e iaeano? oa ?ioeo
i?iaeoao aaooiaeo iii? aeaeo?io?ce/ieo onoaoeoaaiue, a oaeiae ciaeoee
a?aeia?aaeaiiy a i?iaeo? a?o/eciyieo a?aeii/eo ii?i AAI-NA?I – 46-9-97
“Aea?aa`yi? eiino?oeoe??”.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a aecia/a?oueny i?iaaaeaiiyi oe?ieeo
aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue o?eaeeo ? i?oaeieo aeanoeainoae
eeayii? aea?aaeie ia ??ci? aeaee iai?oaeaii – aeaoi?-iiaaiiai noaio c
o?aooaaiiyi aieeao ianooaaiiai /eiieea, aea/aiiyi ?iaioe eiino?oeoe?e oa
aoce?a aeaeo?io?ce/ieo onoaoeoaaiue, i?iiiceoe?yie c ?o ?ic?aooieo.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe??
aeiiia?aeaeenue ia i?aeia?iaeieo eiioa?aioe?yo: a i.??aia o 1993 ?., a
i. Oa?eia? o 1996 ?. oa a 1997 ?., ia iaoeiai-oaoi?/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo
OAeOOAA c 1991 – 1998 ?. A cae?i/aiiio aeaeyae? ?iaioa aeiiia?aeaeanue
ia eaoaae?? IAeE OAeOOAA o 1997 ?. oa 1998 ?., a oaeiae ia nai?ia??
aeieoi?nueei? ?aaee Ae64.820.02 Oa?e?anueei? aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai??
cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo a 1999 ?.

Ioae?eaoe??. Iioae?eiaaii 11 ?ia?o, c yeeo 10 ca oaiith aeena?oaoe??.

Ianya ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, i`yoe ?icae?e?a,
iniiaieo aeniiae?a, niene?a aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e oa aeiaeaoe?a
caaaeueiith e?euee?noth 165 noi??iie ae?oeiaaiiai oaenoo, a naia: 130
noi?. iniiaiiai oaenoo, 42 ?enoiee, 12 oaaeeoeue, 22 noi?. aeiaeaoea.
Nienie aeei-?enoaieo aeaea?ae ia? 153 iaeiaioaaiiy.

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE

O anooi? iaa?oioiao?oueny aeooaeuei?noue, iiaecia, a oaeiae i?aeoe/ia
cia/aiiy aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe, aeaco?oueny ia iaiao?aei?noue
oai?aoe/iiai oa aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy eeayii? aea?aaeie, ye
aoae?aaeueiiai iaoa??aeo, ui canoiniao?oueny a eiino?oeoe?yo ia`?eo?a c
i?aeaeuaieie ae?aeaeo?e/ieie aeiiaaie.

I a ? o e e ? i c ae ? e i?enay/aiee aiae?co ?ia?o, iia`ycaieo c
aea/aiiyi eeayii? aea?aaeie, ye aoae?aaeueiiai iaoa??aeo c ??cieie
aeanoeainoyie a iai?yieo inae i?oaeii? neiao???, a oaeiae ??ciiiai?oieo
eiino?oeoe?e c oeueiai iaoa??aeo. Anoaiiaeaii, ui a a?eueoino? aeiaaee?a
aea?aaeia ?icaeyaea?oueny ye e?i?eii-i?oaeiee iaoa??ae, a ??cieoey
aeanoeainoae a?aoiao?oueny oeyoii aaaaeaiiy iii?aai/ieo eiao?oe??io?a,
ui a?aeia?aaeathoue iniaeeaino? o?ce/ieo aeanoeainoae iaoa??aeo. Iaeiae
a inoaii?e /an iai?/a?oueny oaiaeaioe?y caeeaeaiiy ?ic?aooieiaeo
iieiaeaiue c ae?eniei oa?aeoa?ii ?iaioe iaoa??aeo i?ae iaaaioaaeaiiyi.
Ii/aoie oaeiio i?aeoiaeo iieeaaeaii a ?iaioao Ieoeinueeiai A.I., Iaaeiaa
A.I., Aoeaiac? I.E., Ei/aiiaa A.I., ?aaiiaa TH.I., Niaie?aa TH.N.,
Oeaena?iaia I.I. A iiaeaeueoiio oeae iai?yiie ?icaeaaany a iaoeiaeo
?iaioao N??iaa ?.I., I?eiae/a ?.A., Eaaoae?ia A.A., Oo?niaa A.A. oa
?ioeo. ??ciiiai?oi?noue eiino?oe-oeaieo oi?i noaea iiooiaoii aeey
ii/aoeo aeine?aeaeaiue ??ciiai aeaeo c`?aeiaiue (Io?aoei I.?.,
Ciaiainueeee ?.I., Oaooaieoaa A.A., Inaainueeee A.A., Aea?aa`yaei A.N.,
?aaiia TH.I., Eaiyoei I.A., Ei/aoeia A.I., Aeieo???a I.A.). ?ic?iaea e
oi?iaaaeaeaiiy aei i?aeoeee aoae?aieoeoaa eeayieo aea?aa‘yieo
eiino?oeoe?e (EAeE) ii/aei aoi?eiia ia?iaeaeaiiy aea?aaeie ye
aoae?aaeueiiai iaoa??aeo. Cia/iee aeeaae aei ??oaiiy oe??? i?iaeaie
aianee a/ai? aoc?a: I?A?, E?A?, A?A?, E?A?, O?A? oa ?io. I?iaeiaaeeee
oe?ie? iaoeia? aeine?aeaeaiiy IAe? (OeIAe?AE, OeIAe? i?iiaoae?aeue,
OeIAe? aeaeiaeuieo aoae?aeue oa nii?onii?oaeaeaiue, OeIAe?IIAe oa aaaaoi
?ioeo). ?iaioe Aeeianueeiai A.E., Nieieianueeiai A.N., Aoaaiea A.A.,
?aaiiaa TH.I., ?aaiiaa A.O., ?aaiiaa A.A. oa ?io. Noai?eee ia?aaeoiiae
iiaeaeueoiai ?icaeoeo aea?aa`yieo eiino?oeoe?e. C`yaeeanue ae?iaie/a
aaca (26 caaiae?a EAeE, iniauaieo no/aniei iaeaaeiaiiyi), ui aeicaieyea
cae?enithaaoe oi?iaaaeaeaiiy aei i?aeoeee eeayii? aea?aaeie, a oe?ea
iecea ?? ia?aaaa ia?aae nooe?eueiith, ci?noeea aeoeaioe iaoeiaeo
aeine?aeaeaiue. Coneeey a/aieo aoee ni?yiiaai? ia noai?aiiy iiaeo
eiino?oeoeaieo oi?i, ia aeine?aeaeaiiy aaeeeiianooaaieo c?ace?a o
iaoo?aeueiee ?ici??, ia aea/aiiy oaoiieia?/ieo ieoaiue aeaioiaeaiiy.
Oi?iaaaeaeaiiy ianiai? eeayii? aea?aaeie aeiaaaei oaeineiiaeaiiy noa?eo,
aei?iaoaaiiy ia i?aeoeoe? aoceiaeo c`?aeiaiue, a oaeiae noai?aiiy iiaeo,
a?aeiia?aeath/eo iniaeeainoyi EAeE. Cai?iiiiiaai? Coaa??aei A.I.
c`?aeiaiiy ia aeeayieo noa?aeiyo oa iaoeia? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeoeaii
oi?iaaaeaeoaaeenue aei i?aeoeee aoae?aieoeoaa o aeaeyae? ??cieo
iiaeeo?eaoe?e oeaio?aeueiith eaai?aoi???th OeIAe?AE ?i. Eo/a?aiea.
I?aeo?ae, ui a?aoiao? ai?cio?iii? aeanoeaino? iaoa??aeo, aeiaaa?
aeei?enoaiiy i?eionoeiiai e?eoa??y i?oeiino?, caeaoiiai iienaoe i?ioean
aeaoi?ioaaiiy a oiiaao neeaaeiiai iai?oaeaiiai noaio, a oaeiae
i?iaaaeaiiy aeiaeaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue iaoai?/ieo oa i?oaeieo
oa?aeoa?enoee eeayii? aea?aaeie, ui yaey? niaith oaeoe/ii ?ioee
iaoa??ae, yeee a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae nooe?eueii? i?e?iaeii? aea?aaeie.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy, ui i?iaiaeeeenue o O?A? ia ia??iae c 1984 ii 1994 ?iee
iieacaee, ui eea?a? oae, a?eueo?noth oyaeythoue niaith a?ioth/ee
i?ioa?ie. O ca`yceo c oeei noaaeoueny ieoaiiy i?i noai?aiiy iiaeo
AeANO?a ia aei?iaoaaiiy eeayii? aea?aaeie, ye? aecia/aee ae ae?enia
cia/aiiy iaoai?/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee. Iiyaeaiiy ?a?ieiae?a oaeiae ?
aeiaeaoeiaei noeioeii ia?aaeyaeo ?yaeo i?aeoiae?a aei ?ic?aooie?a
eiino?oeoe?e ?c eeayii? aea?aaeie. ?icaeoie no/anieo aaeocae iaoee e
oaoi?ee aeeeeeaa iaiao?aei?noue noai?aiiy iiaiai eeano aoae?aaeueieo
eiino?oeoe?e ?cieyoe?eiiai i?ecia/aiiy, ui ni?eeiathoue ??ci? ?iioeueni?
aeaeo?e/i? aieeae. O oeueiio iai?yieo ieiaeioai?ii i?aoeth? ?yae
iaoeiaeo i?aai?caoe?e, a oaeiae ? iaoeia? i?ae?icae?ee OAeOOAA.
Iniaeea?noth oeueiai eeano eiino?oeoe?e ? iaaeiionoei?noue a iniiaieo
iano/eo eiino?oeoe?yo o?aaeeoe?eieo iaoa??ae?a noae? e cae?ciaaoiio. I?e
aaciina?aaei?e o/ano? OAeOOAA iiaoaeiaaia cia/ia e?euee?noue nii?oae
iiae?aiiai oeio ia oa?eoi??? eieeoiueiai N?N?, a oaeiae a Oe?a?i?.
Iniaeea?noth ?o ? ?iaioa aaciina?aaeiuei ia a?aee?eoiio iia?o??, ui
aeicaiey? ?icoe?eoe aeina?ae niinoa??aaiiy ca eeayieie aea?aa`yieie
eiino?oeoe?yie a oiiaao ci?iieo oaiia?aoo?iaieia?nieo ?aaeei?a
aenieoaoaoe??. Aeey oi?ioaaiiy ia`?eoeaiiai i?aeoiaeo aei ioe?iee
aeiaaia?/iino? EAeE, ye? aenieoaoothoueny ia a?aee?eoiio iia?o??,
iio??aai oi/ ae aeaaaeoeyoe??/iee no?ie niinoa??aaiiy ca ieie.
Iayai?noue a eiino?oeoe?yo ? aoceiaeo c`?aeiaiiyo neiethaath/eo oa
ii?iaeueieo iai?oaeaiue iaio ciae?a aeiaaa? ooi/iaiiy i?oaeieo ?
o?ce/ieo ni?aa?aeiioaiue eeayii? aea?aaeie, a oaeiae ieeueii? ioe?iee
iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio. Oi?iaaaeaeaiiy aei i?aeoeee iiaeo
?ic?aooieiai-oai?aoe/ieo eiiieaen?a aeicaiey? ?icaeyiooe oeth caaea/o a
ia`?ii?e iinoaiiaoe?, ui ?ai?oa i?inoi ia oyaeyeiny iiaeeeaei.

O ?acoeueoao? aea/aiiy noaio ieoaiiy e i?iaaaeaiiai aiae?co
noi?ioeueiaai? iaoa oa caaea/? oeueiai aeine?aeaeaiiy.

O ae ? o a i i o ? i c ae ? e ? ?icaeyaeathoueny oai?aoe/i? ieoaiiy
iae?eo i?oaeii? ai?cio?ii?? aea?aaeie. Iaea?eueo oi/ii ?iaioo eeayii?
aea?aaeie i?ae iaaaioaaeaiiyi a?aeia?aaea? o?ainaa?naeueii-?cio?iiia
(o?aino?iiia) iiaeaeue aea?aaeie, ui anoaiiaeaii aenia?eiaioaeueii a
?iaioao ?yaeo i?aai?caoe?e, oaeiae ? a OAeOOAA. Ca a?nue i?oaeii?
neiao??? i?eeia?oueny iai?yiie ocaeiaae aieieii ii in? “a”, yea
a?aeiia?aea? iaeneiaeueiei cia/aiiyi i?oaeieo oa?aeoa?enoee, a a
iiia?a/iiio iai?yieo ?o iiaeia a?aoiaoaaoe oiiaii iaeiaeiaeie.
?icoiaeaeaiiy iiaeoeae i?oaeiino? e cnoa ii inyi, ui ia?iaiaeeeoey?i?
iai?yieai aieieii aeey ia?a??c?a ieiuath a?eueo 150 ni2 ia ia?aaeuothoue
6 %. Aeey ia?a??c?a ?c eeayii? aea?aaeie, a ye?e i?enooi? aeioee ??ciiai
?icieethaaiiy, oa?i?ie oaiaaioe?aeueia e ?aae?aeueia ieiueia ia
oa?aeoa?i?. Aeei?enoaiiy o?ainaa?naeueii-?cio?iiii? iiaeae? ? oaeiae
c?o/iei ? c ?ic?aooieiai? oi/ee ci?o, uiaei ciaioaiiy e?eueeino?
iaa?aeiieo i?e ??oaii? i?aeoe/ieo caaea/.

Ocaaaeueiaiee caeii Aoea (a oiiaao ieineiai iai?oaeaiiai noaio) i?e
oae?e iinoaiiaoe? caaea/? iiaea aooe caienaiee oaeei /eiii:

wmetafile8? ??I???????????
???????????yyy????.????1??????????????
???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyya????????&??MathType??A
???u?????????”????-?????EK???Ek???ETH???Ep
???Ea???E???? Y??? + ??? ¤??? E???
>??? F???Ooo wmetafile8? ??a????????????
???????????yyy????.????1??????????????
???&??yyyy?????AyyyH???a??H?????&?
?MathType??`????u?th?????? Iaoaiaoe/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy an?o
?ic?aooieiaeo iiaeaeae i?e ioe?ioe? ?o iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio
cae?enith?oueny c o?aooaaiiyi iecee i?eiouaiue: a) o?ei ? nooe?eueiei
na?aaeiaeuai; a) ca`ycie i?ae iai?oaeaiiyi ? aeaoi?iaoe?yie i?eeia?oueny
e?i?eiith aiane?aeie iniaeeainoae aea?aaeie, ye aoae?aaeueiiai
iaoa??aeo; a) ii/aoeia? e caeeoeia? iai?oaeaiiy, ui aeieeathoue o
aea?aaei? a ?acoeueoao? i?e?iaeiiai ?inoo, aai neeathaaiiy, ia
a?aoiaothoueny; a) ci?iith aeanoeainoae i?oeiino? /a?ac aeiaaeeio
noiaao?a a?ae iei?aiea aei a?ae?oaa iiaeia ciaoooaaoe.

A inoaii? ?iee aenia?eiaioaeueii anoaiiaeaii, ui nooe?eueia e eeayia
aea?aaeia i?e aeaoi?ioaaii? i?aoeth? a oiiaao neeaaeiiai iai?oaeaiiai
noaio. A ?nioth/iio AI?I? ni?eueiee iae?e ii?iaeueieo ? aeioe/ieo
iai?oaeaiue ia ia?aaeaa/aiee. ?c caaaeueiiai iaai?o iai?oaeaiue
iae?a?oueny iaeneiaeueia, ye i?aaeei oa, ui ae?? ocaeiaae aieieii, ? ia
iueiai ?iaeoueny ?ic?aooiie. Oaeee i?aeo?ae ?c no/anii? oi/ee ci?o
aeeeeea? ?yae caia?a/aiue. A ia?oo /a?ao iania? aei?iaoaaiiy aoceiaeo
c`?aeiaiue iieacaee ia`?iiee oa?aeoa? ?iaioe aeaiaio?a aea?aa`yieo
eiino?oeoe?e, oi/ cia/aiiy iai?oaeaiue o iiia?a/iiio iai?yieo aoee ia
ii?yaeie ieua iaaacia/ieo iai?oaeaiue ocaeiaae aieieii. Iaeiae
ii??i?noue aea?aaeie i?e noeneo iiia?ae aieieii iaio a 5 ?ac?a, a i?e
?icoyaiaii? iiia?ae aieieii a 50 ?ac?a, i?ae ocaeiaae. O ca`yceo c oeei,
iaa?oue iacia/ia ?icoyaiaiiy iiia?ae aieieii i?ecaiaeeoue aei
?iceiethaaiiy aeaiaio?a i?e iai?oaeaiiyo ocaeiaae aieieii nooo?ai a?eueo
ieceeo, i?ae a?aie/i?. Iayai?noue neeaaeiiai iai?oaeaiiai noaio
aea?aaeie aeiaaa? e?eoa??aeueieo i?aeoiae?a aei ?ic?aooieo aea?aaeie, a
iniaeeaino? i?e ?ic?aooieo aoceiaeo c`?aeiaiue. O ?iaio? i?iaaaeaiee
aiae?c iaea?eueo iioe?aieo e?eoa???a i?oeiino?, a oiio /ene? e
cai?iiiiiaaiiai a OAeOOAA.

*enaeueia ?aae?caoe?y caaea/ c o?aooaaiiyi neeaaeiiai iai?oaeaiiai
noaio aeeiioaaeanue ia ?ic?aooieiai-oai?aoe/iiio eiiieaen? “Ie?aae” c
aeei?enoaiiyi ye ieaneeo, oae ? ia`?iieo e?ioeaaeo aeaiaio?a, ui
i?eeiathoueny c ?aeaioeo?eaoi?ii “IAI”, yeee aeaco? ia oa, ui iaoa??ae
ia? ai?cio?iii? aeanoeaino?.

A o ? a o ue i i o ? i c ae ? e ? i?aaenoaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe
aenia?eiaioaeueii-oai?aoe/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy eeayii? aea?aaeie ia
iiaeaeyo ??cieo ?ici???a c iaoith aea/aiiy ?? oaiaiieia?/ieo
aeanoeainoae, ooi/iaiiy aieeao ianooaaiiai oaeoi?a oa oaeaeeinoae
iaaaioaaeaiiy ia oa?aeoa? ?? ?iaioe e ?oeioaaiiy i?e i?inoeo aeaeao
iai?oaeaiiai noaio.

Aeey aei??thaaiiy aeaoi?iaoe?e aeei?enoiaoaaeenue aeaeo?e/i? aeao/eee
aeoeaiiai iii?o c aacith 10 oa 20 ii, ?iae?eaoi?e aiaeeiieeiaiai oeio e
i?iaeaiia?e Iaeneiiaa. Aeey aei??thaaiiy canoiniaoaaeenue i?eeaaee
“AEAe-1”, a oaeiae oaiciiao?e/iee eiiieaen “OE-1”. Iaaaioaaeaiiy c?ace?a
? iiaeaeae cae?enithaaeiny ca aeiiiiiaith a?ae?aae?/ieo i?an?a “OEI-50”,
“?-5”, a oaeiae a?ae?aae?/ieo aeiie?ao?a aaioaaei?noth 20 o.

Aeao/eee aeoeaiiai iii?o iaeeathaaeenue ia an? iiaa?oi? iiaeaeae a
aeae?eueea y?on?a ? a eiaei?e aeiooe?, ui aeicaieyei io?eioaaoe iiaio
ea?oeio aeaoi?ioaaiiy. I?ney aei?iaoaaiue c?ace?a ??ciiai ?ici??o ia
noeniaiiy oa ia?iaee ?acoeueoao?a aoa i?iaaaeaiee oanoiaee ?ic?aooiie
aaeeeiianooaaiiai noeneiai aeaiaioa 12o12o18 ni ia IE “Ie?aae”, yeee
iieacaa aeinoaoith ca?aei?noue ?acoeueoao?a aenia?eiaioaeueiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy e ?ic?aooieo ca aeiiiiiaith e?ioeaaeo aeaiaio?a o
aeaeyae? i?eci, ui ?aaaia?e?iaai? a nenoaio e?ioeaaeo aeaiaio?a oeio EA
31. Ia?aeaeueii aeine?aeaeoaaany oa?aeoa? ci?iaiiy o?ce/ieo
oa?aeoa?enoee (iiaeoeae cnoao oa eiao?oe??io?a Ioanniia) /a?ac oe?eio oa
aenioo ia?a??co. I?e aea/aii? aieeao ianooaaiiai oaeoi?a ia
oa?aeoa?enoeee i?oeiino? noeniaieo aeaiaio?a ?icaeyaeaeenue oae? na???
c?ace?a: iae? – ia?a??cii 20o20o30 ii; 30o30o45 ii; na?aaei? – 60o60o90
ii; 90o90o135 ii; oa aaeee? – 120o120o180 ii c ??ciei /eneii aeioie o
eea?aiio iaeao?. Eiaeia na??y i?noeea a nia? a?ae 10 aei 30 c?ace?a. I?e
?o iiaeaethaaii? a?aoiaoaaeenue e?eoa??? iiae?aiino?: aaiiao?e/iee,
noaoe/iee, oaiia?aoo?ii-aiei-a?niee ? e?iaoe/iee.

A ?acoeueoao? aei?iaoaaiue anoaiiaeaii, ui ca?eueoaiiy e?eueeino?
eeayieo oa?a, ye? ? a?io/ei i?ioa?eii, i?aeaeuo? iano/o caeaoi?noue
noeneiai aeaiaioa. Iaeiae i?e e?eueeino? oa?a a?eueo /ioe?ueio ?o aieea
ia aeanoeaino? i?oeiino? aea?aaeie ii/eia? cieaeoaaoeny. I?e aiae?c?
io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a o aaia?aeueio noeoii?noue aaaaeai? oaeiae aeai?
aei?iaoaaiue, ui i?iaaaeai? a OeIAe?AE ? OeIAe?IIAe?. Io?eiai? ??aiyiiy
ca`yceo (?en. 1) aeicaieythoue ioe?ieoe eiao?oe??ioe iano-oaaiino? aeey
noeneeo aeaiaio?a ? i?aeaiooaaoe i?iiiceoe?? aeey iiai? ?aaeaeoe?? AI?I.
Aiaeia?/iee i?aeo?ae aeei?enoiao?oueny aeey ioe?iee ianooaaiiai oaeoi?a
i?e aeaei?, aea oaeiae aei?iaoaaeanue ia o?eueee ci?ia aeanoeainoae
i?oeiino?, aea e i?oaeieo oa?aeoa?enoee. I?iaaaeai? eiio?ieuei?
aei?iaoaaiiy aaeie c iaeiei, aeaiia, o?ueiia eeayieie oaaie, neeaaeaia
aaia?aeueia noeoii?noue, yea ai?uo? a nia? ?yae ?ia?o OeIAe?AEA oa ?ioeo
i?aai?caoe?e, oa io?eiai? ??aiyiiy ca`yceo a iai?aeiaa?eoi?/i?e nenoai?
eii?aeeiao (?en. 2). Aeey aaciaeo c?ace?a i?eeiaeenue noaiaea?oeciaai?
iae? c?acee 20o20o300 ii. ??aiyiiy ca`yceo cia?aaeai? ia ?en.1 oa 2.

Aiae?c io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a aeicaieea c?iaeoe oae? aeniiaee – aeey
ioe?iee aeanoeainoae eeayii? aea?aaeie iaiao?aeia i?iaaaeaiiy
aei?iaoaaiue a?eueo aaeeeeo c?ace?a: a) aeey noeniaiiy iiaeooue aooe
?aeiiaiaeiaai? c?acee ia?a??cii 120o120o180 ii; a) aeey aeaeio – aaeee
aenioith a?ae 180 ii aei 240 ii, i?e h/l = 1/10.

O / a o a a ? o i i o ? i c ae ? e ? ?icaeyaeathoueny iniaeeaino?
??oaiue aoceiaeo c`?aeiaiue iano/eo eiino?oeoe?e aeaeo?io?ce/ieo
nii?oae. Canoinoaaiiy o?aaeeoe?eieo iaoa??ae?a noae? e cae?ciaaoiio a
eiino?oeoe?yo oaeiai oeio ??cei iaiaaeaii. A ae?oaiio ia?aa?ao? ?icae?eo
iaaaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aei?iaoaaiiy aeaeo?e/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee eeayii?
aea?aaeie aeey c?ace?a ??cieo iiia?a/ieo ia?a??c?a ? aeiaaeei a?ae 0,1 i
aei 2 i. Aeaiaioe, ui aei?iaoaaeenue, iie?eaaeenue oaeeie
aieiaicaoenieie iie?eooyie: iaioaooaeaaei eaeii, e?aicioiaei ianeii,
iaooaiaoii i?ae?.

A ?acoeueoao? aei?iaoaaiue anoaiiaeaii: – iaee?auei caoeniei iie?eooyi
c oi/ee ci?o aeaeo?ioaoi?/ii? o?eaeino? ? iaooaiao i?ae?; – neeaae eeath
(O?-12, O?O-50, EA-3) nooo?aiai aieeao ia aeaeo?ioaoi?/io o?eae?noue
EAeE ia ni?aaey?; – aeaeo?e/i? ia?aiao?e c?ace?a (?ie?noue, ia`?iiee
ii??) i?aeoe/ii ia ci?iththoueny ca ?ici??ii i?ney i?iaaaeaiiy
aei?iaoaaiue; – aeaeo?e/ia o?eae?noue nooo?ai caeaaeeoue a?ae
eiio?ao?aoe?? aeaeo?iaeii? nenoaie, ui aei?iaiao?oueny, aiia
ciaioo?oueny c? ca?eueoaiiyi /enea ia?ae?eoue; -EAeE ia? nooo?aee
?iceeaae ii aiie?ooae? (aei 70 %); – i?i?iaeuei? ?ic?yaei? a?aae??ioe
neeaaeathoue 160–200 eA/i; -a ie?aieo aeiaaeeao iii?/aii uaieaiiy
c?ace?a. ?ic?aooieiaee ?aeiiaiaeiaaiee a?aae??io i?e aieea? ?iioeuen?a o
i?e?inaeoiaei?e cii? aei??aith? 100 eA/i. I?e a?eueo ei?ioeeo ?iioeuenao
(iaio 0,5 ien) cia/aiiy ?iai/iai a?aae??ioa iiaeia ca?eueoeoe aei 190
eA/i.

A?aoiaoth/e, ui iniiai? aocee cai?iaeoiaaieo ? iiaoaeiaaieo iii?
ae??oai? o aeaeyae? iiaeooie, i?iaaaeai? aeiaeaoeia? aei?iaoaaiiy
c?ace?a ??ciiai ?ici??o ia ianeiao?e/ia a?eueia e noeniooa c?i`yooy
iiia?ae aieieii oa i?ae eooii 450, ui oa?aeoa?ii aeey aoce?a aaooiaeo
eiino?oeoe?e. Oaiciiao?e?oaaiiy c?ace?a iieacaei cia/io ia??aiii??i?noue
?iciiae?eo iai?oaeaiue o iiaeiaaeiueiio oa iiia?a/iiio iai?yieao.
Iinoaaeaiiy oii??a (noeniooa c?i`yooy) oe?eeii iie?auo? ?iaioo
c`?aeaiiy, ui cieaeo? aeaoi?iaoe?? ?icoyaiaiiy iiia?ae aieieii.
Iaea?eueo ?aaeeeaeueiei caniaii c e?ea?aeaoe?? iane?aee?a ia??aiii??iiai
?iciiae?eo iai?oaeaiue i?e ianeiao?e/iiio c?i`yoo? ne?ae aaaaeaoe
iinoaaeaiiy iiia?a/ieo aeeayieo neeiieanoeeiaeo noa?aei?a, ui e aoei
c?iaeaii i?ney ianoaaeaiiy eiino?oeoe?e caoaeiaaii? aeaeo?io?ce/ii?
nii?oaee a 1994 ?ioe?. E??i c?i`yooy iiaeooee iniiaieo aoce?a
i?aeiaaeaee neiethaaiith. Ia ia?oiio aoai? i?io. Oo?niaei A.A. ca
o/anoth aaoi?a ?icaeyaeoaaeinue “iai?yia” neiethaaiiy, i?e yeiio c?acee
aeaioiaeyeeny c iaoeeii aieieii i?ae eooii 22030′ (iaeneiaeuei? aeioe/i?
iai?oaeaiiy) oa aea/aeanue ?iaioa /ioe?ueio a?oi c?ace?a i?e ci?ii?e
aieiaino? (oaae. 1 oa 2).

Oaaeeoey 1

?acoeueoaoe aei?iaoaaiue ia neiethaaiiy c o?aooaaiiyi ci?ie ianooaaiino?
i?e W=12%

Noaia aei?iaoaaiueA?oie c?ace?aIa?a??ce,

b x h x l, iiF,

ni2E?euee?noue,

oo.wmetafile8? ??????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
a ???&??yyyy?????Ayyy!yyy`??IIa

wmetafile8? ???????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
aA???&??yyyy?????Ayyyj??????J?????&?
?MathType??0????u?y??????2

3

412o80o60

24o40o120

36o60o180

90o140o5603,6

13,1

31,5

18820

10

10

1012,4

10,8

10,4

6,331,36

0,91

1,23

0,8010,96

8,44

11,83

12,185

6

7

820o30

40o60

80o120

120o1806

24

96

21610

10

10

87,2

6,03

5,5

5,081,40

1,06

0,90

9,7016,00

17,60

14,30

13,9

9

10

36o140

36o140

50,4

50,4

10

10

10,6

11,0

1,60

1,25

15,00

11,30

Oaaeeoey 2

?acoeueoaoe aei?iaoaaiue ia neiethaaiiy c o?aooaaiiyi ci?ie ianooaaiino?
i?e W= 30%

Noaia aei?iaoaaiueA?oie c?ace?aIa?a??ce,

b x h x l, iiF,

ni2E?euee?noue,

Oo.wmetafile8? ??????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
a ???&??yyyy?????Ayyy!yyy`??wmetafile8? ???????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
aA???&??yyyy?????Ayyyj??????J?????&?
?MathType??0????u?y??????2

3

412o80o60

24o40o120

36o60o180

90o140o5603,6

13,1

31,5

1888

8

8

86,28

5,26

5,06

4,040,42

0,34

0,68

0,297,60

6,50

13,50

7,205

6

7

820o30

40o60

80o120

120o1806

24

96

21610

8

6

84,38

3,68

3,55

3,460,56

0,44

0,35

0,6213,00

12,00

9,90

18,00

9

36o140

50,4

5

3,60

0,42

10,50

?oeioaaiiy an?o a?oi c?ace?a ?i?oe?thaaeiny i?aeaeuaiiyi ??aiy
iiia?a/ieo iai?oaeaiue, ui ?icoyaaeeny, oea aeeeeeaei a?ae?ea aieieii o
iaea?eueo neaae?e aeiooe? iaeaoa ia iaae? i?ae ee?oeiaie i?ciuei?
(in?iiuei?) oa ?aiiuei? (aaniyii?) aea?aaeie /a?ac iaoeeueio ieiueio.

Aeey ioe?iee ?iaioe ia neiethaaiiy, aeey iniiaiiai aocea aaoo
?icaeyaeoaaany niaoe?aeueiee c?acie c i?ae??ceith oi?oe?a, aeey
noai?aiiy aioo??oiuei? ia?e nee, ui ?i?oo? ?iaioo iiaeooee.
?icaeeaeyeeny aeaa aeaee i???ioaoe?? aeioie: ieeneii ? aa?oeeaeueii.
Aeey aeeeth/aiiy iiai?ioo c?acea ia noai? i?ano noaaeany caa?iee oii? c
aoiiaith i?ieeaaeeith. ??cieoey a i?oeiino? c?ace?a ??cieo ca
i???ioaoe??th aeioie aoea iacia/iith e eieeaaeanue o iaaeao a?ae 2,4 aei
5,6 %, ui i?aeoaa?aeeei a?iioaco i?i o?ainaa?naeuei?noue aea?aaeie. A
?acoeueoao? aei?iaoaaiue (oaae. 1; 2) io?eiai? ??aiyiiy ca`yceo aeey
neiethaaiiy i?e aieiaino? 12% oa 30% a?aeiinii eiaa?eoia ieiu?:

wmetafile8? ??u???????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????@a
???&??yyyy?????AyyyEyyy ?? ?????&?
?MathType??a????u?th?????? I?ney aei?iaoaaiue i?aeaioia/iai oa?aeoa?o
aoee aeine?aeaeai? 6 aaeeeiianooaaieo o?eeooieo oa?i o iaoo?aeueiee
?ici??. Aeiaaeeia ieaeiueiai iiyna neeaaeaea 2,42i, a aenioa a inyo 0,7
i. I?e?aeiaiiy aa?oiueiai iiyna aei ieaeiueiai cae?enithaaeinue i?ae
eooii 450, oiaoi iiaeaethaaeany ?ao?oea aaoo. Aenia?eiaioaeueia
aeine?aeaeaiiy cae?enithaaeinue a?aeiia?aeii i?ia?ai? ca oaiith ?0071.
Iaaaioaaeaiiy a?aeaoaaeinue ia aei?iaiiio noaiae? “OEI-50”. ?acoeueoaoe
aenia?eiaioo aeiaaaeai? o oaaeeoe? 3.

Oaaeeoey 3

?acoeueoaoe aei?iaoaaiue aoceiaeo c`?aeiaiue c iiaeooeaie

?

i/i

Ia?a??ce (b o h),

ni

A,

IIa?oeioaaeueia iaaaioaaeaiiy, eINeiethth/? coneeey, eI

e=?a/?o

I?ei?oeaaeaiaio?aiiaeooie?a?o, min113,5 o 13,213,5 o 16,2

11500209105

45,72,28

Aac aieo?a22241122,452081042,2742411212,63

C aieoaie52341172,5662641322,88Na?aaei? cia/aiiy??=230115En? = 2.51

Oa?aeoa?ii, ui ?oeioaaiiy aeey an?o iiaeaeae, ye c o?enoaaiiyi iiaeooie
neeiieanoeeiaeie iaaaeyie, ye? iinoaaeai? “ianooi”, oae ? aac ieo
a?aeaoaaeinue ?aeaioe/ii. Iaea?eueo ?ioaineaii o??ueie ?ice?eaaeenue o
oi?oeyo iiaeooie ? ieaeiueiai iiyna. Iayai?noue oi?oeaaeo o??uei
iieaco?, ui a ?iaio? oeeo aeaiaio?a nooo?ao ?ieue a?a? aeaei, yeee
i?ecaiaeeoue aei aeieeiaiiy ?icoyaoth/eo iai?oaeaiue iiia?ae aieieii, ui
? iaea?eueo iani?eyoeeaei aeaeii aieeao aeey aea?aaeie.

Aenia?eiaioaeuei? iiaeae? aoee ?ic?aoiaai? ca aeiiiiiaith IE “Ie?aae”.
Noaia aocea cae?aeanue ca aeiiiiiaith i?yiieooieo ia`?iieo e?ioeaaeo
aeaiaio?a EA 31 oa i?inoi?iaeo o?eeooieo i?eci EA 33. I?e oeueiio a
aeieoiaio? 3 noaaeeeny o?ceei-iaoai?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee o?ainaa?naeueiiai
o?ea c aei?noe?nieie ia?aiao?aie, ye? i?eeiyo? ca?aeii ?aeaioeo?eaoi?a
“IAI”. Iiaeoe? i?oaeiino? oa cnoao a iiia?a/iiio iai?yieo
ona?aaeithaaeenue, ye ? eiao?oe??ioe Ioanniia.

A i `y o i i o ? i c ae ? e ? ?icaeyaea?oueny aeine?aeaeaiiy
o?anoiiiae?aieo c?ace?a ia?a??cii 96o96, aenioith a?ae 350 ii aei 380 ii
ia aeaiinia noeniaiiy. ?icaeyaeoaaeenue ??ci? eooe iaoeeo a?/ieo a?aiae
aei aa?oeeaeueiiai aeaiaioo 450, a oaeiae i?oiaiiaeuei? o?anoia?
c`?aeiaiiy. Iniiaia aeine?aeaeaiiy i?noeoue o nia? i`youe na??e c?ace?a
ii 5-8 aaeeeiianooaaieo iiaeaeae. Ia?aae iniiaiei aeine?aeaeaiiyi aoee
i?iaaaeai? aeiiii?aei? aenia?eiaioe, ye? i?noeee a nia? aei?iaoaaiiy
i?oeiino? ia i?ino? aeaee aieeao oa aea/aiiy iiaeoey ia`?iii?
aeaoi?iaoe??. I?iaaaeaiiy iniiaiiai aenia?eiaioo aoei ?iciiae?eaii ia
o?e iine?aeiaii aeeiiaieo aoaie: 1) iaaaioaaeaiiy ocaeiaae aieieii; 2)
iaaaioaaeaiiy iiia?ae aai i?ae eooii aei aieieii; 3) ni?eueia aeiaeaiiy
noeneath/i? neee a aeaio ieiueiao. Coneeey a iiaeiaaeiueiio iai?yieo
noai?thaaeenue a?ae?aae?/iei i?anii “OEI-50”. Aieia? coneeey
ia?aaeaaaeeny ca aeiiiiiaith niaoe?aeueii ?ic?iaeaieo o?aaa?n c
iaoaeaaeie oyaeaie e noai?thaaeenue ca ?aooiie onoaiiaee ia noaiae
a?ae?aae?/iiai aeiie?aoa aaioaaei?noth a 200 ei. Aeey ioe?iee
aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio ia eiaei? aeaa o?anoiiiae?aieo c?acee na???
iaeeathaaeinue a?ae 40 aei 80 aeao/ee?a aeoeaiiai iii?o, aacith 10 ii, c
aeaeo?e/iei iii?ii a?ey 200 Ii. Aeao/eee i?aeeeth-/aeeny aei
aeaeo?iiee?a “AEAe-1” aai “OE-1”, ye? o?enoaaee ca?eueoaiiy
aeaoi?iaoe?e. Ii?iaeuei? oa aeioe/i? iai?oaeaiiy, ye? ae?thoue ia
ieiuaaeeao i?oaeii? neiao???, aecia/aeenue ca ?aeiiaiaeaoe?yie Aoeaiac?
I.E. Ia?iaea ?acoeueoao?a on?o aei?iaoaaiue aoea i?iaaaeaia a
aaoiiaoe/iiio ?aaeei? c aeei?enoaiiyi i?ia?aie Microsoft Exnel. Ca
aeiiiiiaith oe??? i?ia?aie aeeiiaia any ioi?iethaaeueia /anoeia ?iaioe,
?enoiee oa a?ao?ee.

Iaeneiaeuei? iiaeiaaei? iai?oaeaiiy i?e iaeiaeiaeo ??aiyo iaaaioaaeaiue
oa?aeoa?ecoaaeenue noeniaiiyi ? aoee aeecuee? ca aaniethoieie
cia/aiiyie, iaeiae eiaeia na??y ?c /ioe?ueio a?oi c?ace?a iaea na?e
oa?aeoa? ?o ?iciiae?eo. ?iciiae?e iiaeiaaeieo ? iiia?a/ieo iai?oaeaiue
i?e iaeiiiniiio aa?oeeaeueiiio i?eeeaaeaii? iaaaioaaeaiiy aoa
aeinoaoiuei noaa?eueiei i?e eooao 900. I?e oeueiio cia/aiiy
iaeneiaeueieo iiia?a/ieo iai?oaeaiue ?icoyao i?aeoe/ii ni?aiaaeaee. I?e
eooao 450 iaeneiaeuei? iiia?a/i? iai?oaeaiiy ciaoiaeeeenue o cii?
aeia??/iai ?ioa?aaeo, iaeiae oa?aeoa? ?o ?iciiae?eo iaa cia/ii a?eueo
neeaaeio ea?oeio.

?acoeueoaoe aei?iaoaaiue an?o na??e c icia/aiiyi ??aiy ?oeioth/eo
iai?oaeaiue i?eaaaeai? a oaae. 4

Oaaeeoey 4

?acoeueoaoe aei?iaoaaiue o?ano?a ?c EAeE

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na?.Eoo

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Ps/Pz=1/10390895o9539,54,44,4Ps/Pz=1/7445595o9531,97,75,5Ps/Pz=1/5

?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue aeaiiniiai i?eeeaaeaiiy iaaaioaaeaiiy
iieacai? ia ?en. 3 oa 4. I?e ni?eueiiio i?eeeaaeaii? iaaaioaaeaiue o
i?oiaiiaeueieo o?anoao iaeneiaeuei? iiaeiaaei? iai?oaeaiiy ciaiooaaeenue
ia 8,8%, a i?e eoo? iaoeeo aieiai? a?ai? a 450 cao?eniaaii ?o
ca?eueoaiiy i?eaeecii ia 32%.

Oaeei /eiii, o ia?oiio aeiaaeeo ni?eueia i?eeeaaeaiiy iaaaioaaeaiue
noai?th? aeayeee caian, yeui c??aithaaoe c iaeiiiniei iai?oaeaiei
noaiii, a i?e eooao 450 nooo?ai ca?eueoo? iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiee noai.
I?e eooiaeo niieo/aiiyo, ui iaea?eueo /anoi cono??/athoueny a
eiino?oeoe?yo, ?aii?oaaiiy aieeao iiia?a/iiai ae?yiiy iai?eionoeii.

Oai?aoe/ia ??oaiiy caaea/? aeaiiniiai iai?oaeaiiai noaio
cae?enithaaeinue o aeaa aoaie ca aeiiiiiaith ia/enethaaeueiiai eiiieaeno
“Ie?aae”. Ia ia?oiio aoai? ?icaeyaeaeanue ieanea caaea/a oai???
i?oaeiino?, a ia ae?oaiio aoai? aoea i?iaaaeaia ioe?iea aeanoeainoae
i?oeiino? iiaeaeae, ui i?aoeththoue ia aeaiinia noeniaiiy ca ia`?iiith
noaiith.

Ne?ae a?aecia/eoe, ui iaea?eueo iaaacia/i? iai?oaeaiiy, ui
?icaeaathoueny a iiia?a/iiio iai?yieo a na?aaei?e ?iai/?e cii? o?ano?a,
ciaoiaeyoueny o iaaeao aeia??/iai ?ioa?aaeo. Iniaeeai aeecueeee ca?a
?acoeueoao?a oai?aoe/iiai ?ic?aooieo c aeaieie aenia?eiaioo io?eiaii i?e
eooao o 450.

?en 3 e 4

AENIIAEE

1. O aoceiaeo c`?aeiaiiyo i?aeoe/ia a?aooaaiiy ai?cio?iiieo aeanoeainoae
eeayii? aea?aaeie oyaey?oueny iaia`yceiaei.

2. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie ?iaioe io?eiai? eiao?oe??ioe ianooaaiino? aeey
noeniaiiy oa neiethaaiiy, a oaeiae i?iaaaeaii ?o ooi/iaiiy aeey aeaeio.

3. Cai?iiiiiaai? ia?a??ce aaciaeo c?ace?a aeey aei?iaoaaiiy ?o o aeaei?
i?e oiia? a?aooaaiiy aieeao eeayieo oa?a.

4. Ioe?iaia ?iaioa eeayii? aea?aaeie i?e neeaaeiiio iai?oaeaiiio noai?,
aeine?aeaeaiee aieea ??cieo ?? eiiiiiaio?a ia caaaeueiee oaici?
iai?oaeaiue.

5. ?icaeyiooa ?iaioa eeayii? aea?aaeie a ??ciiiai?oieo oiiaao
aenieoaoaoe?? (a oiio /ene? e ia a?aee?eoiio iia?o??), io?eiai?
ei?aeyoe?ei? caeaaeiino? i?oeiinieo ?? aeanoeainoae i?e ci?ii?e
aieiaino?, a oaeiae ?iioeuenieo aeaeo?e/ieo aieeaao.

6. Cai?iiiiiaai? niiniae i?aeaeuaiiy i?aoeacaeaoiino? eeayii? aea?aaeie
a oiiaao aeaeo?e/ieo aieea?a ? i?e ??cieo oaiia?aoo?ii-aieia?nieo
?aaeeiao.

7. Ae??oaia ia`?iia caaea/a aeey aaeeeiianooaaieo aoce?a niieo/aiiy
eeayieo aea?aa`yieo eiino?oeoe?e oa ?ic?iaeaiee ?iaeaia?iee iaoiae ?o
?ic?aooieo.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaai? a ?iaioao:

1. Eyoei A.A., Oo?nia A.A., Aaeooei I.A.,*a?aaeiee Ae.E. Aea?aayiiua
eiino?oeoeee yeaeo?ioaoie/aneiai iacia/aiey // Oace aeiiia?aeae
?aa?iiaeueii? iaoe.-i?aeo. oa iaoiaee/ii? eiio. “Aeine?aeaeaiiy
aoae?aaeueieo aeaiaio?a ? eiino?oeoe?e oa iniaeeaino? aeeeaaeaiiy
aoae?aaeueieo aeenoeeie?i”. – ??aia: O??AA. – 1993. – N.68.

2. Aaeooei I.A., Eyoei A.A., *a?aaeiee Ae.E. Iaania/aiea
yenieoaoaoeeiiiie iaaeaaeiinoe oieeaeueiuo ianoueo eiino?oeoeee ec
eeaaiie ae?aaaneiu // Oacenu aeieeaaeia 48 iao/.-oaoi. eiio. “Iiauoaiea
yooaeoeaiinoe no?ieoaeuenoaa”. – Oa?ueeia: OENE. – 1993.- N.71.

3. Oo?nia A.A., Eyoei A.A.,*a?aaeiee Ae.E. Nicaeaiea ia?acoeia e
iaoiaeeea enneaaeiaaiey iaoaie/aneeo oa?aeoa?enoee eeaaiie ae?aaaneiu //
Oacenu aeieeaaeia 49 iao/.-oaoi. eiio. “Iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe
no?ieoaeuenoaa”. – Oa?ueeia: OENE. – 1994.-N.73.

4. Oo?nia A.A., Aaaeo?aoeiia ?.O., *a?aaeiee Ae.E. ?ac?aaioea iaoiaeeee
eniuoaiee ae?aaaneiu ia neiaeiia iai?yaeaiiia ninoiyiea // Oacenu
aeieeaaeia 49 iao/.-oaoi. eiio. “Iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe
no?ieoaeuenoaa”. – Oa?ueeia: OENE. – 1994.-N.74.

5. Oo?nia A.A., *a?aaeiee Ae.E., Aaaeo?aoeiia ?.O. Enneaaeiaaiea iiaeoey
iauaiiie aeaoi?iaoeee aeey eeaaiie ae?aaaneiu // Oacenu aeieeaaeia 50
iao/.-oaoi. eiio. “Iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe no?ieoaeuenoaa”. – Oa?ueeia:
OAOONA. – 1995.-N.40.

6. Oo?nia A.A., *a?aaeiee Ae.E. Enneaaeiaaiea ianooaaiiai oaeoi?a i?e
eniuoaieyo eeaaiie ae?aaaneiu ia naeaoea //Atheeaoaiue oaoie/aneie
eioi?iaoeee. – Oa?ueeia: OI(IE)E. -1995.- ?2.- N.20-22.

7.Oo?nia A.A., *a?aaeiee Ae.E. Enneaaeiaaiea oceiauo niaaeeiaiee
aaoaiiuo eiino?oeoeee // Oacenu aeieeaaeia IV Oe?aeineie iao/.- oaoi.
eiio. “I?eiaiaiea ieanoiann a no?ieoaeuenoaa e ai?iaeneii oicyenoaa”. –
Oa?ueeia: OAAAO.- 1996. – N. 51-53.

8. Oo?nia A.A., Aaaeo?aoeiia ?.O., *a?aaeiee Ae.E. Enneaaeiaaiea
iauaiiie aeaoi?iaoeee ae?aaaneiu i?e ?acee/iuo oneiaeyo iaa?oaeaiey //
Iaoeiaee a?niee aoae?aieoeoaa.- Aei. 2. -Oa?e?a: OAeOOAA, OIOA AAO,
1998. – N. 35-39.

9. Oo?nia A.A., Aaaeo?aoeiia ?.O., *a?aaeiee Ae.E. Enneaaeiaaiea
neiaeiiai iai?yaeaiiiai ninoiyiey a eeaaiie ae?aaaneia // Iaoeiaee
a?niee aoae?aieoeoaa.- Aei. 3. -Oa?e?a: OAeOOAA, OIOA AAO, 1998. – N.
30-36.

10. Oo?nia A.A., *a?aaeiee Ae.E. Aeeyiea ianooaaiiai oaeoi?a ia oi?oaea
oa?aeoa?enoeee eeaaiie ae?aaaneiu // Iaoeiaee a?niee aoae?aieoeoaa.-
Aei. 5. – Oa?e?a: OAeOOAA, OIOA AAO, 1999. – N. 49-53.

AIIOAOe?ss

*a?aaei?e Ae.E. Iano/a caeaoi?noue aoceiaeo c’?aeiaiue aaooiaeo
eiino?oeoe?e c eeayii? aea?aaeie.- ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.23.01 – aoae?aaeuei? eiino?oeoe??, aoae?ae? oa
nii?oaee. Oa?e?anueea aea?aeaaia aeaaeai?y cae?cie/iiai o?ainii?oo,
Oa?e?a, 1999 ?.

O ?iaio? aeine?aeaeai? ??ciiiai?oi? aeaee iaaaioaaeaiiy eeayii?
aea?aaeie aeey ioe?iee ?? aeanoeainoae i?oeiino? oa i?oaeiino? i?e
??ciiio i?eeeaaeaii? iaaaioaaeaiiy, oa i?e ??cieo a?aie/ieo oiiaao.
Aeine?aeaeaiee ianooaaiee oaeoi? i?e noeniaii? oa neiethaaii?,
iaea?aeai? ??aiyiiy ca’yceo oa ?ic?iaeai? i?iiiceoe?? aei AI?I.
Ooi/iaiee aieea ianooaaiiai oaeoi?o i?e aeaei?. Aenia?eiaioaeueii
aeine?aeaeaii neeaaeiee iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiee noai i?e aeaiiniiio
noeniaii?. Aenia?eiaioaeueii aeine?aeaeai? iniiai? aoceia? ii?aeiaiiy
eiino?oeoe?e ?cieyoe?eieo aeaeo?io?ce/ieo nii?oae o iaoo?aeueio
aaee/eio, aecia/ai? aeaeo?ioaoi?/i? ia?aiao?e eeayii? aea?aaeie i?e
??cieo ?ici??ao, niiniaao neeathaaiiy oa oiiaao caoenieo i?ini/oaaiue.
I?iaaaeaii c?noaaeaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo c oai?aoe/iei
?ica’ycoaaiiyi ia’?iieo caaea/ i?e an?o aeaeao aei?iaoaaiue.
Cai?iiiiiaai? ooi/iai? eiao?oe??ioe i?e e?eoa??aeueiiio ?ic?aooieo oa
?iaeaia?i? iaoiaee ?ic?aooieo.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: eeayia aea?aaeia, aeaei, noeniaiiy, ai?cio?ii?y,
c?i’yooy, neeaaeiee iai?oaeaiee noai, aaciaoaeuei? niieo/aiiy.

SUMMARY

Tcherednik D.L. Garrying capacity of unit connections of tower
constructions from glue wood. – Monuscript.

Dissertation in the level of candidate of technical sciences on
speciality 05.23.01 – building constructions, buildings and structures.
Kharkov state academy of railway transport, Kharkov, 1999.

Different kinds of loading glue wood for assessing it strength and and
resilient conditions under different conditions of applied loading and
boundary conditions are studied in the work. Scale factor under
compression and splitting off was investigated, equations of connection
were obtained and worked out preposals for BN&R. Influence of scale
factor under bend was specified. Complex strained deformasion state at
double axes compression was investigated experimentally. Basic unit
connections of construcions isolational electrophysical plants in real
scale was investigated experimentally, electrotechnical parameters of
glue wood under different sizes, waus of glueing together and conditions
of protective steps were determined. A comparison of experimental data
with theoretical solution of volume problem under all kinds of
experiments. Specified coefficients of criteria and engineering
calculations are proposed.

Key words: glue wood, bend, compression, splitting off, anisotropi,
crumple complex compressed state, junctions without metal.

AIIIOAOeEss

*a?aaeiee Ae.E. Ianouay niiniaiinoue oceiauo niaaeeiaiee aaoaiiuo
eiino?oeoeee ec eeaaiie ae?aaaneiu.- ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.23.01 – no?ieoaeueiua eiino?oeoeee, caeaiey e
nii?oaeaiey. Oa?ueeianeay ainoaea?noaaiiay aeaaeaiey aeaeaciiaei?iaeiiai
o?ainii?oa, Oa?ueeia, 1999 a.

Ai aaaaeaiee ?anniio?aiu aeooaeueiinoue ?aaiou, noi?ioee?iaaiu oeaeue e
caaea/e enneaaeiaaiey, ioia/aia iao/iay iiaecia e i?aeoe/aneia cia/aiea
iieo/aiiuo ?acoeueoaoia. I?eaaaeaiu aeaiiua ii aiaae?aieth, ai?iaaoeee e
ioaeeeaoeeyi ii oaia ?aaiou.

A aeenna?oaoeee i?iaaaeai aiaeec ?aaio, naycaiiuo n eco/aieai eeaaiie
ae?aaaneiu eae no?ieoaeueiiai aiecio?iiiiai iaoa?eaea, iineieueeo
iineaaeiaa i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ea/anoaaiii eiie iaoa?eae, iaaeaee
oeaeueiay i?e?iaeiay ae?aaaneia. Ioeaiaii aeeyiea eeaaauo oaia a
iiia?a/iii na/aiee e ia?niaeoeau ?acaeoey iiaeoiaeia e ?an/aoai
eiino?oeoeee ec eeaaiie ae?aaaneiu n o/aoii oneiaee aa aeaenoaeoaeueiie
?aaiou a aniaeoa ?acaeoey nia?aiaiiuo iaeanoae iaoee e oaoieee. Aeey
oi?ie?iaaiey iauaeoeaiiai iiaeoiaea e ioeaiea aeieaiaa/iinoe EAeE,
yenieoaoe?oaiuo ia ioe?uoii aicaeooa iaiaoiaeeia ioeaiea eo ?aaiou a
oneiaeyo ia?aiaiiuo oaiia?aoo?ii-aeaaeiinoiuo ?aaeeiia. Ia iniiaaiee
i?iaaaeaiiiai aiaeeca noi?ioee?iaaiu oeaee e caaea/e enneaaeiaaiey.

?anniio?aiu oai?aoe/aneea aii?inu o/aoa oi?oaie aiecio?iiee eeaaiie
ae?aaaneiu. Ia iniiaaiee i?iaaaeaiiuo a iineaaeiaa a?aiy ?aaio
?anniao?eaaeinue o?ainaa?naeueii-ecio?iiiay iiaeaeue, n eniieueciaaieai
niioaaonoaothueo oece/aneeo niioiioaiee oai?ee oi?oainoe. Iieacaii, /oi
a neeo aiecio?iiiinoe naiaai no?iaiey, ae?aaaneia ?aaioaao aeaaea i?e
inaauo aicaeaenoaeyo, a oneiaeyo neiaeiiai iai?yaeaiiiai ninoiyiey. I?e
oaeii iiaeoiaea iaiaoiaeei e?eoa?eaeueiue o/ao anao eiiiiiaioia oaici?a
iai?yaeaiee, a iniaaiiinoe i?e ?an/aoa oceiauo niaaeeiaiee.
Iaoaiaoe/aneia iainiiaaiea anao ?an/aoiuo iiaeaeae i?e ioeaiea eo
iai?yaeaiii-aeaoi?ie?iaaiiiai ninoiyiey i?iecaiaeeony n o/aoii ?yaea
aeiiouaiee: a) oaei yaeyaony nieioiie n?aaeie; a) naycue iaaeaeo
iai?yaeaieyie e aeaoi?iaoeeyie i?eieiaaony eeiaeiie a neeo iniaaiiinoae
ae?aaaneiu, eae no?ieoaeueiiai iaoa?eaea; a) ia/aeueiua e inoaoi/iua
iai?yaeaiey, aicieeathuea a ae?aaaneia a ?acoeueoaoa anoanoaaiiiai
?inoa, eeai neeaeaaiey, ia o/eouaathony; a) eciaiaieai i?i/iinoiuo
naienoa ii aeeeia noaiea io eiiey aei io?oaa iiaeii i?aiaa?a/ue. A
?acaeaea ?anniio?aia aiciiaeiinoue eniieueciaaiey nia?aiaiiuo
?an/aoii-oai?aoe/aneeo eiiieaenia aeey /eneaiiie ?aaeecaoeee
iinoaaeaiiuo caaea/.

I?eaaaeaiu ?acoeueoaou yenia?eiaioaeueii-oai?aoe/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey
eeaaiie ae?aaaneiu ia iiaeaeyo ?acee/iuo ?acia?ia n oeaeueth eco/aiey aa
iaoaie/aneeo e oi?oaeo naienoa i?e naeaoee, ecaeaa, neaeuaaiee.
?anniio?aii oaeaea aeeyiea nei?inoae iaa?oaeaiey i?e ?acee/iuo aeaeao
iai?yaeaiiiai ninoiyiey EAeE. Ioeaiaii aeeyiea ia?aiaiiuo
oaiia?aoo?ii-aeaaeiinoiuo ?aaeeiia ia i?i/iinoiua e oi?oaea
oa?aeoa?enoeee. Iieacaii, /oi ii?ie?iaaiiua enneaaeiaaiey naienoa
ae?aaaneiu ia ia?acoeao iaeuo ?acia?ia ia yaeythony oa?aeoa?iuie aeey
eeaaiie ae?aaaneiu.

A ?acoeueoaoa enneaaeiaaiee, i?aaenoaaeaiiuo a ianoiyuai ?acaeaea
iieo/aiu o?aaiaiey nayce aeey i?i/iinoiuo e oi?oaeo oa?aeoa?enoee,
aeathuea aiciiaeiinoue iieo/eoue ooi/iaiiua eiyooeoeeaiou ianooaaiinoe
i?e oi?ie?iaaiee iiauo ioa/anoaaiiuo ii?i. Aiaeec iieo/aiiuo
?acoeueoaoia iicaieee naeaeaoue neaaeothuea auaiaeu. Aeey ioeaiee
naienoa eeaaiie ae?aaaneiu iaiaoiaeeii i?iaaaeaiea eniuoaiee aieaa
e?oiiuo ia?acoeia: a) aeey naeaoey iiaoo auoue ?aeiiaiaeiaaiu ia?acoeu
na/aieai 120o120o180 ii; a) aeey ecaeaa – aaeee aunioie io 180 ii aei
240 ii, i?e h/l=1/10.

?anniio?aiu iniaaiiinoe ?aoaiee oceiauo niaaeeiaiee ianoueo
ecieyoeeiiiuo eiino?oeoeee yeaeo?ioece/aneeo onoaiiaie. Ia ia?aii yoaia
ioeaiaia eo yeaeo?ioaoie/aneay i?i/iinoue ia ia?acoeao ?acee/iuo
iiia?a/iuo na/aiee e aeeei, e iieo/aiu ieieiaeueiua ?ac?yaeiua
a?aaeeaiou. I?iaaaeaiu aeiiieieoaeueiua enneaaeiaaiey ii i?iaa?ea
ianouae niiniaiinoe iiaeooae iniiaiuo oceia aaoai a oneiaeyo
ianeiiao?e/iiai niyoey. I?e yoii ?anniio?aii, eae naiaiaeiia (aac
ia?aie/eoaeae), oae e noaniaiiia niyoea. Enneaaeiaaii neaeuaaiea
ianooaaiuo ia?acoeia eeaaiie ae?aaaneiu i?e ?acee/iuo aeaaeiinoiuo
oneiaeyo (12% e 28,8%). E?iia iau/iuo ia?acoeia ?anniao?eaaeny
niaoeeaeueiue ia?acaoe n iiae?aceie oi?oeia, aeey nicaeaiey aioo?aiiae
ia?u nee, eieoe?othuae ?aaioo iiaeooee. ?anniao?eaaeenue aeaa aeaea
i?eaioaoeee aeinie: ieaoiy e aa?oeeaeueii. Aeey eneeth/aiey iiai?ioa
ia?acoea ia noaieia i?anna onoaiaaeeaaeny naa?iie oii? n ?aceiiaie
i?ieeaaeeie. ?acee/ea a i?i/iinoe ia?acoeia ?aciuo ii i?eaioaoeee aeinie
auei iacia/eoaeueiui e eieaaaeinue a i?aaeaeao 2,4 aei 5,6 %, /oi
iiaeoaa?aeeei aeiioaco i o?ainaa?naeueiinoe ae?aaaneiu. Ia?aaioea
?acoeueoaoia yenia?eiaioaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee i?iaaaeaia n iiiiuueth
Microsoft Excel, iieo/aiu o?aaiaiey nayce e o/oaii aeeyiea ianooaaiiai
oaeoi?a. A caeeth/eoaeueiie /anoe ?acaeaea i?eaaaeaiu ?acoeueoaou
enneaaeiaaiey 6 iiaeaeae oceia a iaoo?aeueioth aaee/eio e i?iecaaaeai eo
?an/ao n iiiiuueth eiiieaena “Ie?aae”.

Eceiaeaiu ?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiey i?oiaiiaeueiuo e iaeeiiiuo
e?anoiia?aciuo ia?acoeia na/aieai 95o95o380 ii, ioeaiaii eo
iai?yaeaiii-aeaoi?ie?iaaiiia ninoiyiea, iiaeoee iauaiiie aeaoi?iaoeee e
oa?aeoa? ?ac?ooaiey. Aue i?iecaaaeai ?an/ao ia?acoeia n eniieueciaaieai
au/eneeoaeueiiai eiiieaena “Ie?aae” e iieo/aiiua aeaiiua niiinoaaeaiu n
?acoeueoaoaie yenia?eiaioia. Ia iniiaaiee iieo/aiiuo ?acoeueoaoia
aaaaeaiu iii?aaee a e?eoa?ee i?i/iinoe, iieo/aiiue n o/aoii yia?aee
oi?iieciaiaiey ii yia?aaoe/aneie oai?ee i?i/iinoe.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: eeaaiay ae?aaaneia, ecaea, naeaoea, neaeuaaiea,
aiecio?iiey, niyoea, neiaeiia iai?yaeaiiia ninoiyiea, aaciaoaeueiua
niaaeeiaiey.

A A O I ? A O A ? A O

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa

oaoi?/ieo iaoe

IANO*A CAeAOI?NOUe

AOCEIAEO C`?AeIAIUe AAOOIAEO EIINO?OEOe?E C EEAssII? AeA?AAEIE

*A?AAeI?E AeEIEO??E EAII?AeIAE*

A?aeiia?aeaeueiee ca aeione

e.o.i., aeioe. Ia?aoyoueei TH.A.

I?aeienaii aei ae?oeo 9.03.99

Oi?iao iaia?o 60o84 1/16. Iai?? ae?oea?nueeee ?1.

Ae?oe. ia ?ecia?ao?. Oiia. – ae?oe. a?e. 1,0. Iae.-aeae. a?e. 1,2.

Cai. ? 170. Oe?aae 100 i?ei. Aacieaoii.

Aeaeaaie/ee oeaio? Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo
aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e

(Oe?a?ia, 310002, i. Oa?e?a, aoe. Noinueea, 40)

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