16
?INOEOOO AA?IIOIEIA??
AEAAeAI?? IAAeE*IEO IAOE OE?A?IE
Iioaiaae
Aiaeae?ea Ieeiea?aia
OAeE 612.015.3:577.125.33:616.831–005.1–092
Iieaeoee na?aaeiuei? iane
oa i?ioeane ia?aeeniiai ieeneaiiy e?i?ae?a o e?ia? oai?eo c aino?ei
ii?ooaiiyi iiceiaiai e?iaiia?ao
03.00.04 —a?io?i?y
Aaoi?aoa?ao
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa iaaee/ieo iaoe
Ee?a — 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia a Oa?e?anuee?e iaaee/i?e aeaaeai?? i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: eaiaeeaeao iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
ssai?nueea Aaeaioeia Ieaen??aia,
Oa?e?anueea iaaee/ia aeaaeai?y i?neyaeeieiiii?
ina?oe, i?ioani? eaoaae?e iaa?ieia??
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:
aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Eoeue/eoeueeee Ieaa Einoyioeiiae/,
?inoeooo aa?iioieia?? AII Oe?a?ie, caa?aeoaa/ eaai?aoi??? ?aaoeyoe??
iaoaaie?cio;
aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio A?eai?iaa ??eia Aiaoie??aia,
Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee iaaee/iee oi?aa?neoao, caa?aeoaa/ea eaoaae?e
iaaeeoeeie iaa?aeeeaaeieo noai?a ? aianoac?ieia??.
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa:
?inoeooo oa?iaeieia?? ? oieneeieia?? AII Oe?a?ie, a?aeae?e a?io?i?/ii?
oa?iaeieia??, i. Ee?a.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 9 ” aa?aniy 1999 ?. i 1300 aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.551.01 ?inoeoooo
aa?iioieia?? AII Oe?a?ie, i. Ee?a, aoe. Aeoai?iaenueea, 67.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo
aa?iioieia?? AII Oe?a?ie, i. Ee?a, aoe. Aeoai?iaenueea, 67.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “ 7 ” na?iiy 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Iioaiaiei ?.?.
Caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe
Aeooaeuei?noue i?iaeaie. Aino?? ii?ooaiiy iiceiaiai e?iaiia?ao (AIIE)
i?iaeiaaeothoue caeiaoe iniaeeaa i?noea a no?oeoo?? ia?aiaeo oai?ia,
oiio ui a?aeiinyoueny aei /enea aaaeeeo caoai?thaaiue ? caeiathoue
na?aae i?e/ei nia?oiino? o?ao? i?noea [A.A. Oi?aeo ? ni?aaao., 1980;
A.N. A?eainueeee, 1995; A.A. Aeoaaiei, 1996; I.A. Iaiueeianueeee, N.I.
Eociaoeiaa, 1996; ?.N. Cicoey, 1996, 1997]. Iaea?eueoa eaoaeuei?noue
a?aecia/a?oueny i?e e?iaiaeeeaao o iicie, a na?aae in?a, ui aeaeeee,
?a?no?o?oueny aenieee a?aenioie ?iaae?ae?caoe?? [TH.E. Eo?aei, 1991;
I.A. Aieioei ? ni?aaao., 1998]. Oai?iaa o?aaea?, ye i?aaeei, ethaeae
i?aoeacaeaoiiai a?eo, ui na?aae ?ioeo i?e/ei iaoiiaeth?
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ia cia/aiiy oe??? i?iaeaie.
Inoaii?i /anii iaeiie/eeany aeinoaoiy e?euee?noue aenia?eiaioaeueieo oa
ee?i?/ieo ?ia?o [N.I. A?ie/oe, 1987, 1996–1998; E.A. Aecye, 1991;
A.I. ssai?nueea ? ni?aaao., 1996; ?.A. A?eai?iaa, 1996–1999; T.J. De
Graba et al., 1997], o yeeo a?aeia?aaeai? ??ci? aniaeoe iaoiaaiaco
noaeeiieo caoai?thaaiue aieiaiiai iiceo. Iaeio c i?ia?aeieo eaiie
iaoiaaiaco caeiathoue i?ioeane ia?aeeniiai ieeneaiiy e?i?ae?a (IIE), ui
aieeaathoue ia oa?aeoa? ia?aa?ao iaia?aiiaeano?oeoeaieo i?ioean?a o
ee?oeiao ? iane?aeee AIIE [I.A. Nei/?e, 1992; A.I. Aaeion ? ni?aaao.,
1996, 1997; ?.?. Aonaa, 1999; R.Vagnozzi et al., 1995].
?ioei aaaeeeaei iaoiaaiaoe/iei oaeoi?ii ?icaeoeo AIIE ? i?aeaeuaiiy a
e?ia? iieaeoe na?aaeiuei? iane (INI). Aaaaea?oueny, ui cia/ia
i?aeaeuaiiy ai?noo INI o e?ia? i?e ??cieo aeaeao iaoieia?? ?
i?iaiinoe/ii iani?eyoeeaei iieacieeii, oiio ui i?iaeoeoe aeaa?aaeaoe??
a?iiie?ia??a iiaeoo /eieoe ae?aaeaiee iae?ioiene/iee aieea ia no?oeoo?e
aieiaiiai iiceo [I.A. I??aaeia ? ni?aaao., 1990]. INI ii?ooothoue
o?ceei-o?i?/i? aeanoeaino? ee?oeiieo iaia?ai ? ?iaeyoue ?o a?eueo
aeinooiieie aeey ??ciiai ?iaeo iioeiaeaeoth/eo aieea?a, aeeth/ath/e
i?ioeane IIE [A.A. I?eieae/ee ? ni?aaao., 1982]. ?ieue INI o iaoiaaiac?
AIIE aena?oeaii a ie?aieo ?iaioao [Y.N. Aaa?eaeyi ? ni?aaao., 1987;
I.A. I??aaeia ? ni?aaao., 1990].
Oaeei /eiii, na?aae iiiaeeie ao?iiaoiaaiaoe/ieo oaeoi??a AIIE aa?oi
caa?iooe oaaao ia ci?ie aeaio aeineoue aaaeeeaeo iaoaaie?/ieo
i?ioean?a — iineeaiiy IIE ? i?aeaeuaiiy a e?ia? i?iaeoeo?a aeaa?aaeaoe??
— INI, ui o nai?e noeoiiino? aiinyoue ?noioiee aianie o ?icaeoie ?
iane?aeee oiene/ieo i?iya?a AIIE, ?oith ee?i?/io ea?oeio oa ia?aa?a
oai?iae.
Cacia/ai? iaae??oai? i?iaeaie aecia/eee ni?yiiaai?noue iaoi? ?iaioe ?
noaee i?aaeiaoii aea/aiiy.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aeena?oaoe?y
aeeiiaia a?aeiia?aeii aei ieai?a iaoeiai-aeine?aeii? ?iaioe Oa?e?anuee?e
iaaee/i?e aeaaeai?? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe, ? aea?ae?a?no?aoe??
01954020619.
Iaoa: c’ynoaaiiy ae?aaiinoe/ieo ? i?iaiinoe/ieo e?eoa???a ia i?aenoaa?
aeyaeaieo ci?i a INI ? i?ioeanao IIE i?e ??cieo oeiao AIIE.
Aeey aeinyaiaiiy oe??? iaoe ae??ooaaeeny iniiai? caaaeaiiy:
1. Aea/eoe oa?aeoa? ci?ie e?eueeino? INI o ieaci? e?ia? oai?eo c AIIE
aeey c’ynoaaiiy ?o ?ie? a i?iaiic? oai?iae.
2. Aeine?aeeoe a aeeiai?oe? i?ioeane IIE o ieaci? e?ia? oa a?eo?ioeeoao
o oai?eo c ??cieie oeiaie AIIE oa aecia/eoe ?o ?ieue a iaoiaaiac?
caoai?thaaiiy.
3. Aecia/eoe aeoeai?noue oa?iaio?a aioeieneaeaioiiai caoenoo
(aeooao?iiia?ieneaeace ? aeooao?ii?aaeoeoace) a aeine?aeaeoaaieo a?oiao.
4. I?iaanoe ee?i?ei-a?io?i?/io ioe?ieo aieeao aeine?aeaeoaaieo
ia?aiao??a ia oa?aeoa? ? noai aaaeeino? AIIE oa aeyaeoe ?o
ae?aaiinoe/ii-i?iaiinoe/ia cia/aiiy i?e aeai?e iaoieia??.
5. Aeyaeoe ei?aeyoe?eio caeaaei?noue i?ae caiaeueiith ?aaeoe?th e noaiii
i?ioean?a IIE o oai?eo c ??cieie oeiaie AIIE.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Aia?oa o oai?eo c AIIE aoee
aeae?eai? ie?ai? o?aeoe?? INI, ye? oa?aeoa?ii ci?ithaaeeny i?e ??cieo
oeiao AIIE. Iieacaii, ui aiaeii/an c i?aeaeuaiiyi ai?noo INI o e?ia?
oai?eo c AIIE ?ioaineo?eothoueny i?ioeane IIE c i?aeaeuaiiyi
eiioeaio?aoe?? ae??iiaeo eii’thaao?a (AeE) ? iaeiiiaiai ae?aeueaeaa?aeo
(IAeA), iineeaiiyi niiioaiii? ? Fe2+?iaeoeiaaii? oai?ethi?ianoeaioe?? oa
cieaeaiiyi aeoeaiino? oa?iaio?a aioeieneaeaioiiai caoenoo —
aeooao?iiia?ien?aeace (GSHP) ? aeooao?ii?aaeoeoace (GSHR). Anoaiiaeaii,
ui nooi?iue iaeiie/aiiy INI oa aeoeaaoe?? i?ioean?a IIE caeaaeeoue a?ae
oa?aeoa?o AIIE, a oaeiae a?ae noaio aaaeeino? caoai?thaaiiy ? /ano, ui
ieioa a?ae ii/aoeo caoai?thaaiiy. Anoaiiaeaii aca?iica’ycie i?ae
aeoeaaoe??th i?ioean?a IIE oa ?icaeoeii caiaeueii? ?aaeoe?? i?e AIIE, ui
aeicaiey? i?eionoeoe ?nioaaiiy ni?eueieo iaoiaaiaoe/ieo iaoai?ci?a
?ioaineo?eaoe?? i?ioean?a IIE ? i?aeaeuaiiy ai?noo INI.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy
aeicaieeee ooi/ieoe ?ieue i?aeaeuaiiy ai?noo ie?aieo o?aeoe?e INI,
?ioaineo?eaoe?? i?ioean?a IIE oa caiaeueii? ?aaeoe?? a iaoiaaiac? AIIE.
?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue iino?eii aeei?enoiaothoueny a
iaa/aeueiiio i?ioean? ia eaoaae?ao iaa?ieia?? ? ee?i?/ii? a?io?i?? ?
noaeiai-iaaee/ii? oieneeieia?? Oa?e?anueei? iaaee/ii? aeaaeai??
i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe. Aeyaeai? ci?ie o?aeoe?eiiai neeaaeo INI oa
i?ioean?a IIE iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? ye ae?aaiinoe/i? oa i?iaiinoe/i?
e?eoa??? AIIE a ee?i?/i?e i?aeoeoe?.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa aeeiiaia iniaenoi
caeiaoaa/ai. Aaoi?ii noi?ioeueiaaii iaoo oa caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy,
c?iaeaii aiae?c iaoeiai? e?oa?aoo?e, i?iaaaeaii a?io?i?/i?
aeine?aeaeaiiy e?ia? oa aiae?c ? iaaiai?aiiy io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a,
iaa?oioiaaii iaoeia? aeniiaee.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?eii?
?iaioe aeiiia?aeaeeny e iaaiai?thaaeeny ia ni?eueiiio can?aeaii? eaoaae?
iaa?ieia??, caaaeueii? ? aeeoy/i? iaa?iiaoieia?? ? ee?i?/ii? a?io?i??
(Oa?e?a, 1996), ia can?aeaii? iaeaniiai oiaa?enoaa iaa?iiaoieia?a
(Oa?e?a, 1996), ia can?aeaii? oiaa?enoaa i?nueeeo iaa?iiaoieia?a
(Oa?e?a, ethoee, 1998). Ai?iaaoe?y aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoeany 20 aeiaoiy
1998 ?ieo ia ni?eueiiio can?aeaiiy eaoaae? ee?i?/ii? a?io?i?? ?
noaeiai-iaaee/ii? oieneeieia?? oa iaa?ieia?? Oa?e?anueei? iaaee/ii?
aeaaeai?? i?neyaeeieiiii? ina?oe.
Ioae?eaoe??. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aena?oeai? a 4 iaoeiaeo
i?aoeyo o aeo?iaeao ca oaoii, na?aae ieo 2 naiino?ei? noaoo?.
Ianya ? no?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y aeeeaaeaia ia 131 noi??ioe?
ae?oeiaaiiai oaenoo ? neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, iaeyaeo e?oa?aoo?e,
?icae?eo i?i iaoa??aee oa iaoiaee aeanieo aeine?aeaeaiue, ?icae?e?a,
i?enay/aieo ?acoeueoaoai aeanieo aeine?aeaeaiue oa ?o iaaiai?aiiy,
caeeth/aiiy ? aeniiae?a. Oaeno aeena?oaoe?? ?ethno?iaaiee 11 iaethieaie,
i?noeoue 12 oaaeeoeue. Ia?ae?e e?oa?aoo?e aeeth/a? 192 aeaea?aea.
Iniiaiee ci?no ?iaioe
Iaoa??aee oa iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy. I?ae niinoa?aaeaiiyi ciaoiaeeeiny
111 oai?eo a?ae 32 aei 82 ?ie?a (71 /ieia?e?a ? 40 ae?iie) ?c iiceiaeie
?inoeueoaie. Eiio?ieueiith a?oiith aoee 20 i?aeoe/ii caei?iaeo ethaeae o
a?oe? a?ae 32 aei 54 ?ie?a.
Ianoaaeai? oai?? aoee ?icae?eai? ia 3 ee?i?/i? a?oie, ui aena?oeth?oueny
o oaaeeoe? 1.
1 a?oia (41 /ieia?e) — oai?? ia ?oai?/iee ?inoeueo (??).
2 a?oia (39 /ieia?e) — oai?? ia aaii?aa?/iee ia?aio?iaoiciee ?inoeueo
(AI?).
3 a?oia (31 /ieia?e) — oai?? ia noaa?aoii?aeaeueiee e?iaiaeeea (NAE).
Oaaeeoey 1.
?iciiae?e oai?eo ? i?aeoe/ii caei?iaeo ianoaaeaieo ca a?eii ? noaooth.
Ee?i?/ia A?e (?ie?a) Onueiai
a?oia30–3940–4950–5960–6970–79iaeiaeiaeiaeiaeiae 1 a?oia (41
/ie.)2–4213255352714 2 a?oia (39 /ie.)1–1111493542712 3 a?oia (31 /ie.)
53443432211714 I?aeoe/ii caei?ia? (20 /ie.)244613––––713
INI aeine?aeaeoaaee iaoiaeii aaeue-i?iieeath/i? o?iiaoia?ao?? (Nae?oiaa
I.I. ? ni?aaao, 1989).
Noai i?ioean?a IIE ioe?ithaaee ii ianooiiei iieacieeai: eiioeaio?aoe?y
AeE — iaoiaeii A.A. Aaa?eeiaa ? ni?aaao. (1983); IAeA — iiaeeo?eiaaiith
iaoiaeeeith A.I. Ei?iaaei?eiai? (1989); ??aaiue niiioaiii? oa
Fe2+?iaeoeiaaii? oai?ethi?ianoeaioe?? (OE) aecia/aee ia
a?ioai?ethi?iiiao?? AOE–06, a oaeiae aea/aee aeoeai?noue
aeooao?iiai?uoth/eo oa?iaio?a: GSH-R — iaoiae A.?. Iai/aiei (1975) ?
GSH-P — iaoiae A.I. Ii?ia (1986).
Aeine?aeaeaiiy cae?enithaaeeny ia 1–3 aeiao, 5–7 aeiao ? 25–30 aeiao
a?ae ii/aoeo ?icaeoeo oea?aa?aeueiiai ?inoeueoo.
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue noaoenoe/ii ia?iaeai? c aeei?enoaiiyi
e?eoa??th No’thaeaioa (t) oa eiao?oe??ioa ei?aeyoe?? (r) ca aeiiiiiaith
ia?niiaeueii? AII.
?acoeueoaoe aeanieo aeine?aeaeaiue oa ?o iaaiai?aiiy
Aeine?aeaeaiiy e?eueeino? iieaeoe na?aaeiuei? iane a ieaci? e?ia?
oai?eo c AIIE. Aiae?c noia?ii? e?eueeino? INI ii a?aeiioaiith aei
caaaeueiiai a?eeo ieacie iieacaa, ui i?e ?? e?euee?noue INI a ieaci?
e?ia? a??ia?aeii i?aeaeuoaaeany ia 1–3 aeiao caoai?thaaiiy o 1,9 ?aca
i?e ii??aiyii? c iieacieeaie eiio?ieueii? a?oie, a iiaeaeueoiio noia?ia
e?euee?noue INI cieaeoaaeany, aea caeeoaeany i?aeaeuaiith ? i?ney
i?iaaaeaiiai e?eoaaiiy (ia 25–30 aeiao) ia?aaeuoaaea eiio?ieue o
1,5 ?aca. O oai?eo ia AI? noia?ia e?euee?noue INI ii a?aeiioaiith aei
caaaeueiiai a?eeo ieacie ii/eiaea c?inoaoe c ia?oeo aei?a caoai?thaaiiy
? aeinyaaea iaeneiaeueiiai ??aiy iai?ee?ioe? ia?oiai oeaeiy AI?,
ia?aaeuoth/e ii?io o 1,8 ?aca. I?iaaaeaia e?eoaaiiy cieaeoaaei noia?io
e?euee?noue INI, aea ana iaeii aiia ia aeinyaaea eiio?ieueieo
iieaciee?a. O ianoaaeaieo c NAE noia?ia e?euee?noue INI ii a?aeiioaiith
aei caaaeueiiai a?eeo ieacie ci?ithaaeany aiaeia?/ii aeaiei iaoe??io?a c
AI?.
I?iaaaeaiee aiae?c o?aeoe?eiiai neeaaeo INI ii a?aeiioaiith aei
caaaeueiiai a?eeo ieacie a aeeiai?oe? caoai?thaaiiy aeyaea o?aeoe??, ye?
oa?aeoa?ii ci?ithaaeeny i?e ??cieo oeiao AIIE. Oae, o oai?eo ia
?? iaea?eueo ae?aaeaii ci?ithaaeany e?euee?noue INI o?aeoe?? A4
(i.i. 5100 Aea) — aiia i?aeaeuoaaeany ia 1–3 aeiao caoai?thaaiiy o 9
?ac?a o ii??aiyii? c eiio?ieai, ia 5–7 aeiao — o 5,5 ?aca ? ia 25–30
aeiao caeeoaeany i?aeaeuaiith o 4,3 ?aca. E?euee?noue INI o?aeoe?? N
(i.i. 3700 Aea) ii a?aeiioaiith aei caaaeueiiai a?eeo ieacie
ia?aaeuoaaea iieacieee eiio?ieueii? a?oie o 1,8 ?aca ia 1–3 aeiao ??, a
e?euee?noue o?aeoe?? F (i.i. 2600 aea) aoea aeua ca ii?io a 7,3 ?aca
(1–3 aeiaa), o 3 ?ace (5–7 aeiaa) ? o 4,7 ?aca (25–30 aeiaa). O
iaoe??io?a c AI? e?euee?noue INI o?aeoe?? A (i.i. 4200 Aea) ii
a?aeiioaiith aei caaaeueiiai a?eeo ieacie iai?ee?ioe? ia?oiai oeaeiy
caoai?thaaiiy ia?aaeuoaaea eiio?ieue o 2,2 ?aca, a e?euee?noue INI
o?aeoe?? D (i.i. 3100 Aea) i?aeaeuoaaeany o 3,3 ?aca. Aeey ianoaaeaieo
oai?eo c NAE oa?aeoa?iei aoei i?aeaeuaiiy e?eueeino? INI o?aeoe??
A (i.i. 2800 Aea) o 2,4 ?aca o ii??aiyii? c iieacieeaie eiio?ieth oa
o?aeoe?? G (i.i. 2400 Aea) o 2 ?ace iai?ee?ioe? ia?oiai oeaeiy
caoai?thaaiiy.
Aea/aiiy e?eueeino? INI a caeaaeiino? a?ae noaio aaaeeino? iieacaei, ui
noia?ia e?euee?noue INI ii a?aeiioaiith aei caaaeueiiai a?eeo ieacie
aoea i?yii i?iii?oe?eia nooiaith aaaeeino? caoai?thaaiiy. Aiae?c
o?aeoe?eiiai neeaaeo INI ii a?aeiioaiith aei caaaeueiiai a?eeo ieacie
aeyaea iniaeeaino?, ye? aoee oa?aeoa?i? aeey a?oi oai?eo c eaoaeueiith
e?ioe?aeith AIIE (?en. 1).
Aeey iaoe??io?a c ?? i?iaiinoe/ii iani?eyoeeaeie iieacieeaie aoee:
i?aeaeuaiiy e?eueeino? INI o?aeoe?e A4 (i.i. 5100 Aea) a?eueo i?ae o 15
?ac?a, o?aeoe?? N (i.i. 3700 Aea) — o 2 ?ace, oa o?aeoe?? F
(i.i.2600 Aea) — o 7 ?ac?a. Aeey oai?eo ia AI? cieaeaiiy e?eueeino? INI
o?aeoe?? A1 (i.i. 3900 Aea) o 2 ?ace, i?aeaeuaiiy e?eueeino? INI
o?aeoe?? A (i.i. 4200 Aea) o 2 ?ace ? o?aeoe?? D (i.i. 3100 Aea) o 3
?ace, iiaeeeai, aoei iaei??th c i?e/ei eaoaeueii? e?ioe?aee oai?iae. O
ianoaaeaieo c NAE i?iaiinoe/ii iani?eyoeeaeie iieacieeaie aoee
i?aeaeuaiiy e?eueeino? INI o?aeoe?? A (i.i. 2800 Aea) o 2,4 ?aca ?
o?aeoe?? G (i.i. 2400 Aea) o 2,1 ?aca.
Noai i?ioean?a ia?aeeniiai ieeneaiiy e?i?ae?a oa aeoeai?noue oa?iaio?a
aioeieneaeaioiiai caoenoo a e?ia? oai?eo c AIIE. A?io?i?/i?
aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioean?a IIE aeicaieeee aeyaeoe ia o?eueee iayai?noue
ci?i a ieaci? e?ia? i?e AIIE, aea e aeaye? ?o caeiiii??iino? a
caeaaeiino? a?ae oeio iiceiaiai ?inoeueoo, noaio aaaeeino? oai?iae oa
/ano, ui ieioa a?ae ii/aoeo caoai?thaaiiy.
Iaea?aeai? iaie aeai? na?ae/aoue, ui i?e ?icaeoeo oea?aa?aeueiiai
?inoeueoo a ieaci? e?ia? oa a?eo?ioeeoao ?iaeoeothoueny i?ioeane IIE ?
c’yaeythoueny i?iaeoeoe ia?ieneaeaoe?? e?i?ae?a.
Aeieacii iineeaiiy i?ioean?a IIE ? ?acoeueoaoe aea/aiiy ??aiy niiioaiii?
? Fe2+?iaeoeiaaii? OE. Iaea?eueo ?ioaineaia iaeiie/aiiy ethi?ianoeoth/eo
i?iaeoeo?a a?aeaoaaeiny a ieaci? e?ia? oai?eo ia AI? a ia?oee oeaeaeaiue
caoai?thaaiiy, eiee e?euee?noue ?iioeuen?a i?e niiioaii?e OE
ia?aaeuoaaea eiio?ieuei? aaee/eie a 2–3 ?ace, a i?e Fe2+?iaeoeiaai?e — o
1,5 ?aca. Aiaeia?/i? caeiiii??iino? niinoa??aaeeny e o ianoaaeaieo
oai?eo ia ?? ? NAE: ??aaiue niiioaiii? OE a??ia?aeii ca?eueooaaany a
na?aaeiueiio a 2 ?ace, a Fe2+?iaeoeiaaii? — o 1,2 ?aca o ii??aiyii? c
aeaieie eiio?ieueii? a?oie.
Iiae?ai? ci?ie niinoa??aaeeny ? i?e aeine?aeaeaii? OE a a?eo?ioeeoao
oai?eo ia iiceiaee ?inoeueo. Iaeneiaeueia i?aeaeuaiiy ??aiy ye
niiioaiii?, oae ? Fe2+?iaeoeiaaii? OE a?aecia/aeiny ia 5–7 aeiao a?ae
ii/aoeo caoai?thaaiiy e iniaeeai aoei ae?aaeaii i?e ia?aio?iaoicieo
e?iaiaeeeaao.
I?ney i?iaaaeaiiai e?eoaaiiy (25–30 aeiaa) ?ioaineai?noue iaaeneaaeiai
aei?ii?ithaaiiy a ieaci? e?ia? e a?eo?ioeeoao ii/eiaea cieaeoaaoeny, aea
ii?ie ia aeinyaaea.
Ua iaeiei aeieacii iineeaiiy i?ioean?a IIE ? aeai? aea/aiiy
eiioeaio?aoe?? AeE ? IAeA. Ne?ae cacia/eoe, ui c?noaaeaiiy iieaciee?a
AeE ? IAeA a a?oiao oai?eo a caeaaeiino? a?ae oa?aeoa?o AIIE
i?iaiaeeeiny a 1–3 aeiao caoai?thaaiiy, ui aeicaieeei aeeeth/eoe aieea
aeno?aoea?aa?aeueieo oneeaaeiaiue ? aaaaeaoe, ui ??aaiue AeE ? IAeA
a?aeia?aaea? noai i?ioean?a IIE aaciina?aaeiuei a aieiaiiio iiceo.
Ii??aiyiiy eiioeaio?aoe?? AeE ? IAeA a caeaaeiino? a?ae oeio iiceiaiai
?inoeueoo aeyaeei ?aii? i?aeaeuaiiy aeoeaiino? IIE o ieaci? e?ia? e
a?eo?ioeeoao oai?eo ia ia?aio?iaoici? aaii?aa??. Aaea a ia?o? aei? (1–3
aeiaa) caoai?thaaiiy eiioeaio?aoe?y AeE ? IAeA c?inoaea a ieaci? e?ia? a
ii??aiyii? c eiio?ieai ia 21% ? 20% a?aeiia?aeii, a a?eo?ioeeoao — ia
72% ? 45,6%. Aenieee ??aaiue i?iaeoeo?a IIE i?e ia?aio?iaoicieo
e?iaiaeeeaao, iiaeeeai, na?ae/eoue i?i a?oa? iaoaaie?/i? ii?ooaiiy, ui
?icai?oathoueny a ia?aioei? iiceo a ia?o? aei? caoai?thaaiiy ?
iineeththoueny a iiaeaeueoiio, ui aaaea aei iaooeeueiiai c?inoaiiy
eiioeaio?aoe?? AeE ? IAeA ia 5–7 aeiao ?inoeueoo. Ai?no AeE ? IAeA
iai?ee?ioe? ia?oiai oeaeiy caoai?thaaiiy o aeaii? a?oie oai?eo aoa
a??ia?aeii aeua ii?ie a ieaci? e?ia? ia 39% ? 32% a?aeiia?aeii, a
a?eo?ioeeoao — ia 85,7% ? 48%.
A4 A A1 N D E F G
A4 A A1 N D E F G
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00000000000000000000000000000000000
A4 A A1 N D E F G
?en. 1. E?euee?noue iieaeoe na?aaeiuei? iane a ieaci? e?ia? oai?eo c
?? (a), AI? (a) ? NAE (a) a caeaaeiino? a?ae noaio aaaeeino?
caoai?thaaiiy.
Ia 25–30 aeiao caoai?thaaiiy ??aaiue AeE ii/eiaa cieaeoaaoeny ye o
ieaci? e?ia? oae ? a a?eo?ioeeoao, aea ana ??aii ia aeinyaaa
eiio?ieueieo aaee/ei, caeeoath/enue i?aeaeuaiei. Eiioeaio?aoe?y IAeA a
ieaci? e?ia? iaaeeaeaeany aei aeaieo a a?oi? eiio?ieth, aea a
a?eo?ioeeoao ia?aaeuoaaea oe? iieacieee ia 33,9%. O aeiaaeeo NAE
i?ioeane IIE ia?aa?aaee c iaio ae?aaeaiith ?ioaineai?noth, aea c oeie ae
caeiiii??iinoyie, ui aoee aeyaeai? a oai?eo iiia?aaeiuei? a?oie.
I?aeaeuaiiy ??aiy AeE ? IAeA a ieaci? e?ia? a?aecia/aeiny c ia?oeo aei?a
caoai?thaaiiy ? aei 5–7 aeiae aoei aeua iieaciee?a eiio?ieth ia 26,5% ?
40% a?aeiia?aeii, aea ia 25–30 aeiao eiioeaio?aoe?y AeE ? IAeA
iaaeeaeaeany aei ii?ie. Iiae?ai? ci?ie iaie aeyaeai? ? i?e
aeine?aeaeaii? oeeo iieaciee?a a a?eo?ioeeoao. O ianoaaeaieo oai?eo ia
?? iaeneiaeueiee i?aeeii eiioeaio?aoe?? AeE niinoa??aaany a ia?oee
oeaeaeaiue caoai?thaaiiy ? ia?aaeuoaaa cia/aiiy a eiio?ieuei?e a?oi? o
ieaci? e?ia? ia 11,6%, a a?eo?ioeeoao — ia 49,3%. Iaaeae? a?aeaoaaeiny
cieaeaiiy eiioeaio?aoe?? AeE ? ia 25–30 aeiao ?o ??aaiue o ieaci? e?ia?
aoa ieae/ee ca ii?io, a a a?eo?ioeeoao ia?aaeuoaaa ?? ia 13,3%.
Iieacieee IAeA i?e ?? iaee oaeo ae aeeiai?eo, ui e o ianoaaeaieo ?c
iiceiaeie e?iaiaeeeaaie. Iai?ee?ioe? ia?oiai oeaeiy oai?iae
a?aecia/aeiny ca?eueoaiiy eiioeaio?aoe?? IAeA a ieaci? e?ia? ia 34,4%, a
a?eo?ioeeoao — ia 49,7%. I?ney i?iaaaeaiiai e?eoaaiiy eiioeaio?aoe?y
IAeA a ieaci? e?ia? ia?aaeuoaaea eiio?ieue ia 22,4%, a a a?eo?ioeeoao —
ia 24,4%.
Aiae?c noaio i?ioean?a IIE o ieaci? e?ia? e a?eo?ioeeoao o caeaaeiino?
a?ae aaaeeino? caoai?thaaiiy (oaae. 2) iieacaa, ui ??aaiue OE ye
niiioaiii?, oae ? Fe2+?iaeoeiaaii?, aoa i?yii i?iii?oe?eiee aaaeeino?
caoai?thaaiiy.
Iaea?eueoa ae?aaeai? ci?ie eiioeaio?aoe?? AeE ? IAeA a ieaci? e?ia?
a?aeaoaaeeny a a?oi? oai?eo ?c iani?eyoeeaei e?ioeai AIIE. O iaoe??io?a
?c AI? c eaoaeueiei e?ioeai caoai?thaaiiy eiioeaio?aoe?y AeE
ia?aaeuoaaea eiio?ieue a ieaci? e?ia? ia 28%, a a?eo?ioeeoao — ia 79,8%.
E?euee?noue IAeA a ieaci? e?ia? aoea ieae/a ii?iaeueieo iieaciee?a ia
20,8%, a a?eo?ioeeoao — aeua ia 48,9%. Oe? iieacieee iaea?eueo ae?aaeaii
ci?ithaaeeny, i?ae i?e ?ioeo oeiao AIIE ?, iiaeeeai, ? i?iaiinoe/ii
iani?eyoeeaeie.
Oaeei /eiii, aiae?c iieaciee?a noaio i?ioean?a IIE o aino?iio ia??iae?
oai?eo c oea?aa?aeueieie ?inoeueoaie iieacaa, ui iaeiie/aiiy i?iaeoeo?a
IIE (AeE ? IAeA), ui ii/eia?oueny c ia?oeo aei?a caoai?thaaiiy ?
aeinyaa? iaeneiaeueiiai i?aeeiio ia 5–7 aeiao ?inoeueoo, ciaoiaeeoueny a
i?yi?e caeaaeiino? a?ae oa?aeoa?o AIIE. Iaea?eueoa aeniea eiioeaio?aoe?y
AeE ? IAeA niinoa??aaeany i?e AI?, ui aeyaeyeiny ee?i?/ii a?oaith
ina?aaeeiaith iaa?ieia?/iith ? /?oeith caaaeueiiiiceiaith
neiioiiaoeeith. Aeniea eiioeaio?aoe?y AeE ? IAeA oe??? eaoaai??? oai?eo
iiynith?oueny, iiaeeeai, ye ianyaii cii iaoaaie?/ieo ii?ooaiue (naiiai
aaii?aa?/iiai aiaieua ? ia??oieaeueiiai iaa?yeo), oae ? i?enooi?noth a
e?ia? aaia, ui i?noeoue ?iie Fe2+, ye? a?ae?a?athoue ?ieue
i?iieneaeaio?a.
Oaaeeoey 2.
??aaiue niiioaiii? ? Fe2+?iaeoeiaaii? OE, eiioeaio?aoe?y AeE ? IAeA a
a?eo?ioeeoao oai?eo ??cieie oeiaie AIIE a caeaaeiino? a?ae aaaeeino?
caoai?thaaiiy.
Oei AIIEniiioaiia OE
(?ii/3 oa)Fe2+?iaeoeiaaia OE
(?ii/3 oa)AeE
(ieiieue/aHb)IAeA
(iiieue/aHb)Noai na?aaeiuei?
aaaeeino???256±35*2320±63*299±63274±19*AI?301±36*2576±75*457±55*282±22*N
AE245±11*2290±14*326±63266±21Aaaeeee
noai??351±22*2775±26*356±73298±15*AI?465±32*2975±28*491±82*301±12*NAE282
±21*2762±56*367±43292±14*Iiia?e?
oai????403±79*3021±90*415±62*340±23*AI?570±82*3540±120*517±84*327±22*NAE
340±31*3010±89*499±33*343±11*Eiio?ieue167±191880±82288±11220±40I?ei?oea:
* — a??ia?aeia ??cieoey (?
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