I?I?NOA?NOAI INA?OE OE?A?IE
OA?E?ANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE OAOI?*IEE OI?AA?NEOAO
AOAe?AIEOeOAA OA A?O?OAEOO?E
IE?IIAIEI A?eoi? Iaaeiae/
OAeE 721.011
IAOIAeIEIA?*I? INIIAE IIOEI?CAOe??
A?O?OAEOO?IIAI NA?AAeIAEUA
18.00.01 – oai??y a?o?oaeoo?e, ?anoaa?aoe?y
iai’yoie a?o?oaeoo?e
AAOI?AOA?AO
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
aeieoi?a a?o?oaeoo?e
Oa?e?a-1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia a Oa?e?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? aoae?aieoeoaa
oa a?o?oaeoo?e
Iaoeiaee eiinoeueoaio aeieoi? a?o?oaeoo?e, i?ioani? Eaa?ee Aaiiaae?e
Eaaiiae/, Ee?anueeee Iaoe?iiaeueiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao aoae?aieoeoaa
oa a?o?oaeoo?e, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e a?o?oaeoo?ii? eaae?iao???.
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe aeieoi? a?o?oaeoo?e, i?ioani? Iienaaiei Ciy
Aanee?aia, Iaoe?iiaeueia aeaaeai?y ia?acioai?/iai ienoaoeoaa oa
a?o?oaeoo?e,i.Ee?a, i?ioani? eaoaae?e oai??? oa ?noi??? a?o?oaeoo?e
Aeieoi? a?o?oaeoo?e, i?ioani? Aeueii?i Ieeiea Iaoiae??ae/,
Iaoeiai-aeine?aeiee ?inoeooo oai??? oa ?noi??? a?o?oaeoo?e oa
i?noiaoaeoaaiiy,i.Ee?a, aee?aeoi?
Aeieoi? a?o?oaeoo?e, i?ioani? ?oaeieoeueeee Aiae??e Ia?eiae/ Aea?aeaaiee
oi?aa?neoao “Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea”, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e
?aeiino?oeoe??, ?anoaa?aoe?? a?o?oaeoo?ieo eiiieaen?a.
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa I?eaei?i?ianueea aea?aeaaia aeaaeai?y aoae?aieoeoaa ?
a?o?oaeoo?e (IAeAA?A), eaoaae?a a?o?oaeoo?iiai i?iaeooaaiiy I?i?noa?noaa
ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i.Aei?i?iiao?ianuee.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “18” aeiaoiy 1999 ?. i __1300__ aiae. ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 64.056.02 o Oa?e?anueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio oaoi?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? aoae?aieoeoaa ? a?o?oaeoo?e
ca aae?anith: 310002, i. Oa?e?a, aoe. Noinueea, 40.
C iiiia?ao??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Oa?e?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo aoae?aieoeoaa ? a?o?oaeoo?e: 310002, i.
Oa?e?a, aoe. Noinueea, 40.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 18 aa?aniy 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee,
eaiaeeaeao a?o?oaeoo?e, aeioeaio *a?eaniaa E.O.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy. Noai?aiiy eiioi?oieo oiia, ui
ni?eythoue anaa?/iiio aeyaeaiith cae?aiinoae ? i?aeaeuaiith oai?/i?
aeoeaiino? ethaeae, ? iaaaeueiith iio?aaith nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai
?icaeoeo Oe?a?ie. A inoaii? ?iee oi?ioaaiiy aeeoo?aiai na?aaeiaeua
ethaeeie io?eiaei iiaee iai?yi, i???ioiaaiee ia i?aeaeuaiiy ?? ye?niiai
??aiy. Oaea ni?yiiaai?noue iinoaaeaieo caaaeaiue coiiaeaia oei, ui
o?aai?caoe?y ? eiioeaio?aoe?y ianaeaiiy, i?iieneiaino?, o?ainii?oo,
ia?inoath/a ?ioaineo?eaoe?y aio?iiiaaiiiai aieeao ia na?aaeiaeua ?,
iaaiaee, na?aaeiaeua ia ethaeeio, iaoiiaeea ?yae na?eicieo
ineoieia?/ieo, nioe?aeueii-aeieia?/ieo oa ?io. yaeu, ui coiiaeththoue
iani?eyoeea? aieeae ia i?ioeane aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie.
Ana aeooaeuei?oith noa? i?iaeaia aoiai?caoe?? a?o?oaeoo?iiai
na?aaeiaeua. A?aaionuee? ?ic?eae i?ae i?inoi?aie aoae?aeyie ? nii?oaeaie
iiaeiaaeothoue i?oio?aei? oa o?ainii?oi? ca’ycee, oneeaaeiththoue
ianeoaiaoaaiiy ianaeaiiy. Ia o?eueee o?ce/ia, aea ? a?coaeueia
a?ae??aai?noue na?aaeiaeua iaoeaiiy a?ae “caie? ethaeae” iineeththoue
a?ae/oooy a?ae/oaeaiino?, iaoai?/iino?, ineoio?c?ieia?/iiai ?
aiioe?eiiai aeeneiioi?oo. Caaoaeiaa iiaeo ?aeii?a ao?a/a? ethaenueeee
ianooaa; ?ici??e no/aniiai i?noa, eiai i?aai?caoe?y noathoue ai?iae?
ethaeei?. Aiia c aaeeeith iiooaith ni?eeia? o?ce/i? ia?aiao?e ? oi?io
i?nueeiai na?aaeiaeua, a iaeiioeiia iao?i-?eoi?/ia i?aai?caoe?y i?inoi?o
aeeeeea? iaaaoeaio aiioe?eii – anoaoe/io ?aaeoe?th ethaeeie.
Iaeiiiai?oi?noue na?aaeiaeua, ni?iaeoiaaiiai aeey “ona?aaeiaiiai”
niiaeeaa/a, aoiaeeoue o ??ceo noia?a/i?noue c ??ciiiai?ooyi caieo?a
ethaeeie. A?o?oaeoo?ia i?aeoeea iiaia i?eeeaae?a, ui na?ae/aoue i?i
iaaenieee ??aaiue i?ioan?eii? iaenoa?iino? a?o?oaeoi??a. Aaaaoi iiieeie
aeieea? a?ae iaaeinoaoiuei? oaaae aei ia?aaei?iaeoiiai aiae?co
ii/aoeiai? neooaoe??, a?ae iaaeinoaoiueiai ciaiiy caeiiii??iinoae
“neeaaeaiiy” a?o?oaeoo?iiai oe?eiai. Nueiaiaei? iaa?oue oie iaaaeeeee
ianya ?ioi?iaoe?? uiaei aca?iiae?? ethaeeie c i?aaeiaoii-i?inoi?iaei
ioi/aiiyi, ui noino?oueny, a iniiaiiio, aio?iiiiao?e/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee ?
ia?aiao??a, a oaeiae ?ioeo aaeueie iiaa?oiaaeo aeaieo i?i ??
ineoio?c?ieia?/i? iiaeeeaino?, aeaeaei ia iiai?noth a?aoiao?oueny
i?iaeooaaeueieeaie. ?nioth/? ii?iaoeaii-aeia?aeeia? aeieoiaioe aeaeaei
ia caaaeaee aeyaeythoue o i?iaeoiiio i?ioean? ca’ycee ethaeeie c
aeaiaioaie i?aaeiaoii-i?inoi?iaiai ioi/aiiy. ?oeioaaiiy
i?aaeiaoii-i?inoi?iai? oe?e?niino? na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?
ethaeeie ? iaaaoeaiei iane?aeeii a?aenooiino? ?aeeii? iaoiaeieia?/ii?
caaacia/aiino? i?ioeano a?o?oaeoo?iiai i?iaeooaaiiy.
A a?naiae? cania?a i?iaeoii? ae?yeueiino? a?o?oaeoi? ia? aeinoaoith
e?euee?noue ii?iaoeaieo aeaieo i?i iniiai? aaaa?eoi? ?ici??e i?ei?uaiue:
oe?eio, aeiaaeeio, aenioo, ia’?i. Ia i?aenoaa? aio?iiiiao?e/ieo
ia?aiao??a ia?aaeaa/aia ?ica’ycaiiy i?iaeaie a?aeiia?aeiino? i?inoi?iaeo
aaaa?eo?a na?aaeiaeua ?ooo ethaeeie, iaaaaeai? noaie ooieoe?iiaeueieo
aca?iica’yce?a i?ae i?ei?uaiiyie, aecia/aia iiiaieeaoo?a iaae?a, ??
?ici??e ? o.i. Iaeiae oeueiai iaaeinoaoiuei. Iiaeai? a oeae /an o ii?iao
o?aaeeoe?ei? aio?iiiiao?e/i? ia?aiao?e ia caaaeaee caaacia/othoue
iioeiaeuei? ??oaiiy a ia’?eoao, ui i?iaeoothoueny, aea ethaeeia iiaeiia
aeeiioaaoe neeaaei? ooieoe?iiaeueii-oaoiieia?/i? iia?aoe??. Aaaaeai? a
aei?noe? ?aiee aaniethoieo iao?e/ieo aaee/ei, iacaeaaeieo a?ae /ano,
i?noeaaeo ee?iaoe/ieo oiia, iaoe?iiaeueieo o?aaeeoe?e, aeaiia?ao?/ieo
iniaeeainoae ? o.i., ii?iaoeaii-aeia?aeeia? iaoa??aee aeaeaei ia
iiai?noth a?aoiaothoue “ethaenueeee oaeoi?” ye iniaeeaee aei??iee i?e
i?iaeooaaii? a?o?oaeoo?ieo ia’?eo?a (AI).
I?e/eie iiyae aeuacaaaeaii? iaa?aeiia?aeiino? o?aaa ooeaoe a
iniaeeainoyo ?iaioe noa?e no/aniiai na?aaeiaeuiiai ooai?aiiy. Iniiaiei
noa’?eoii, ui aecia/a? ye i?aaeiaoiee noai, oae ? i?inoi?iao
i?aai?caoe?th ooo/iiai na?aaeiaeua, noaea ia nueiaiaei? ?? neeaaeia
i?aai?caoe?eia no?oeoo?a. O nai?e ae?yeueiino? aiia (ui aeeth/a? noa?e
i?iaeooaaiiy ? aoae?aieoeoaa, ae?iaieoeoaa i?aaeiao?a niiaeeaaiiy,
aeecaeia?nueei? ae?yeueiino? ? o.ae.) aeoiaeeoue ianaiia?aae c? nai?o
“aioo??oi?o” e?eoa???a, oiaoi c ??cieo aeiiii?/ieo, oaoiieia?/ieo,
i?aai?caoe?eieo oa ?io. i??eoaaiue. Aieea aea ethaeeie (aeeoaey,
niiaeeaa/a) ia ?? e?ioeaaee ?acoeueoao inoaii?i /anii iii?oii ciaioeany.
? yeui a nai?e ?noi??? ethaeeia a a?eueo?e aai iaio?e i??? aoea
o/anieeii oi?ioaaiiy naiai aeeoeiaiai ioi/aiiy, oi nueiaiaei? a?ae ia?
iaei ui caeaaeeoue. Eia?/iee ?acoeueoao oaei? neooaoe?? – na?aaeiaeua
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie ana a?eueoa iaaoaa? iaee//y nai?o oai?oe?a,
i?ae aeeoae?a, ? aiai?eoe i?i a?aeiia?aei?noue iio?aa ? ?aaeueieo oiia
?o caaeiaieaiiy noa? ana aaae/a.
Ui ae o?aaa ?iaeoe aeey aeeth/aiiy “ethaenueeiai ia/aea” a i?ioean
na?aaeiaeuiiai ooai?aiiy ye ?? iaa?aeae?eueii? iniiae? Iaeia c
ia?oi/a?aiaeo caaaeaiue – caaacia/aiiy nenoaie na?aaeiaeuiiai
ooai?aiiy iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaieie ciaiiyie i?i caeiiii??iino? ethaenueei?
ae?yeueiino? ? aca?iia?aeiinei, i?i ?ieue i?aaeiaoii-i?inoi?iaiai
na?aaeiaeua (IIN) a ??cieo noa?ao ethaenueei? ae?yeueiino?. Iio?aaa a
oaeiai ?iaeo ciaiiyo noaea iniaeeai aino?ith a inoaii? ?iee. Oao?aoe?,
ye? i?aoeththoue o noa?? na?aaeiooai?aiiy, noaee i?iaiaeeoe
niaoe?aeuei? ineoieia?/i?, nioe?ieia?/i? oa ?io. aeine?aeaeaiiy, ui
aeyaeythoue iaea?eueo a?aeiia?aei? ??oaiiy ye aeey i?e?ina?aaeiaeua
(aeeoei, oeiee, ae?iaie/? nii?oaee oa ?io.), oae ? aeey ieaioaaiiy
aeeoeiaeo ?aeii?a i?noa, noni?eueieo oeaio??a ? o.i. C? ne?a aeaae.
A.?eiii?eiaa: “?ice?eoe caeiiii??iino? aca?iica’yceo i?ae ethaeeiith ?
na?aaeiaeuai o?aaa ia o?eueee aeey oiai, uia i?e ?? ia?aoai?aii? ia
iaianoe caeoeo o?ce/iiio caei?ia’th ethaeae, aea ? aeey oiai, uia ia
i?aeaeaoe ?o ineo?eo aeiaaeeiaei aieeaai, iaieio/ei i?e ae?yeueiino?,
caniiaai?e ia ?ioo?oe??, ia iaoiae? “i?ia ? iiieeie”. Nai ianooaa
ia?aoai?aiue… ia oaeee, uia eoe ia aeioee”.
A inoaii? ?iee aoei i?iaaaeaii aeineoue aaaaoi ni?eueieo eiioa?aioe?e
(Oaee?i, 1981, 1984 oa ?io.) i?aaenoaaiee?a ??ciiiai?oieo iaeanoae
ciaiiy, eio?? iathoue a?aeiioaiiy aei i?iaeai oi?ioaaiiy na?aaeiaeua
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie (a?o?oaeoi?e, i?noiaoae?aieee, aeecaeia?e,
aaia?aoe oa ?io.) ? “ethaenueei?” noi??i (ineoieiae, nioe?ieiae,
iaaeeee, iaaeaaiae oa ?io.), a yeeo noi?ioeueiaaia aace?/ ieoaiue, ia
ye? iaoea i?i ethaeeio ? ethaenueeo ni?euei?noue iiaeiia iaeaeeae/ei
/anii a?aeiia?noe. Oaeei /eiii, noi?ioaaeiny nioe?aeueia caiiaeaiiy
aecia/eoe iioeiaeuei? niiniae ? oeyoe ?icaeoeo ooo/iiai na?aaeiaeua
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie, aeaoe nenoai? na?aaeiooai?aiiy eiie?aoi?
i???ioe?e ae?yeueiino?, ye? aeoiaeyoue c oa?aeoa?enoee ? iniaeeainoae
oeo, ooi a oeueiio na?aaeiaeu? aoaea aeeoe ? ei?enooaaoeny iei.
Eiie?aoii noaaeoueny ieoaiiy oae: ui a?aoiaoaaoe i?e i?iaeooaaii? ?
oi?ioaaii? na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie ? ye oea c?iaeoe?
A oiiaao ana c?inoath/eo oaii?a ?icaeoeo ? o?ainoi?iaoe?? a?o?oaeoo?iiai
na?aaeiaeua ?ieue ? a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue i?iaeooaaeueieea cia/ii c?inee.
O oeae /an iaa?yae /e iiaeeeai ?ic?aoiaoaaoe ia ni?eyoeeao
aeiaaeeia?noue; aaaeaiiy oai?/eo iiooe?a “iaine?i” iaoiaeii
iane?i/aiieo “i?ia ? iiieeie”. Ea?aeeiaeueii ci?ieeeny iaoiaee ?
e?eoa??? ioe?iie i?iaeoieo ??oaiue. Ia ia?oee ieai ana a?eueoa
aenoaa?oueny i?iaeaia eiioi?oiino? na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?
ethaeae. O ca’yceo c oeei ana iii?oi?oei noa? a?aenoaaaiiy
a?o?oaeoo?iiai i?iaeooaaiiy a?ae oeo aeae?a niaoe?ae?ciaaii?
ae?yeueiino?, ye? ?ai?oa ? a a?eueo?e i??? noaee i???iooaaoeny ia
ooiaeaiaioaeuei? iaoeia? iniiae. A no/anieo oiiaao ?aae?caoe?y
eiiieaenieo i?iaeoieo caaaeaiue aaea ia iiaea aooe cae?eniaia neeaie
a?o?oaeoi??a ? cae/iiai iaai?o “noi?aeiee?a”. Aaaaoianiaeoi?noue ?
neeaaei?noue i?iaeai oi?ioaaiiy iioeiaeueiiai na?aaeiaeua
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeae iaoiiaeth? caeo/aiiy aeey ?o ae??oaiiy
ciaiiy, caniae ? iaoiaee oe?eiai ?yaeo aeenoeeie?i: ineoieia??,
o?c?ieia??, nai?oa???, aio?iiiiao??? ?, iniaeeai, a ? a i i i i ? e e,
ui neioaco? aeinyaiaiiy oeeo iaoe ca nenoaiiei aeine?aeaeaiiyi
aca?iiae?? ethaeeie c IIN.
O oeueiio aniaeo? aeioe?eueii aeae?eeoe iiaee iaoeiaee iai?yi
aeine?aeaeaiiy – a ? o ? o a e o o ? i o a ? a i i i i ? e o, ye
a?aeie?aieaio a noa?? i?aeaeenoeeie?ia?ieo aeine?aeaeaiue i?aai?coth/o
iaeanoue i?aeoe/ii? ? oai?aoe/ii? ae?yeueiino?, iia’ycaio c iaoeiaei
aea/aiiyi, i?iaeooaaiiyi ? aenieoaoaoe??th (AN) aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?
ethaeeie (ianaeaiiy). I?aeaeuaiee ?ioa?an aei a?aiiii?/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue a a?o?oaeoo?? – oea eia?/iee iane?aeie ci?i, ui
a?aeaoaathoueny a i?ioan?eiiio ieneaii? a?o?oaeoi?a, a?aeia?aaeaiiy eiai
ni?yioaaiue, i???ioiaaieo ia aeei?enoaiiy i?eeeaaeieo
i?aeaeenoeeie?ia?ieo aeine?aeaeaiue.
?icaeoie iaoee ua a O1O a?oe? iieacaa, ui i?e??no iiaiai ciaiiy aaeueie
ie?aeii a?aeaoaa?oueny a oi/oe? c?oeiaiiy ??cieo iaoe, aiane?aeie ?o
aca?iiae?? (O.Aiaaeuen iacaaa ?o “oi/eaie” c?inoaiiy iaoee). Eeoa ae?oaa
iieiaeia OO no. aeyaeea ianiaee oa?aeoa? oeueiai i?ioeano, ui
cae?enith?oueny ia oeyoo aca?iiae?? ??cieo a?oi iaoe, i?iaaaeaiiy
i?aeaeenoeeie?ia?ieo aeine?aeaeaiue ? ??oaiiy eiiieaenieo caaaeaiue
a?o?oaeoo?iiai i?iaeooaaiiy.
Noai i?iaeaie, ui aeine?aeaeo?oueny. No??iea ?icoe?aiiy ? iiaeeaeaiiy
a?aiiii?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue o ??cieo noa?ao iaoa??aeueiiai
ae?iaieoeoaa, i?e?iaeii, i?eaaei aei oiai, ui a e?ioe? 60-o-ia
ii/aoeo-70-o ?ie?a o no?oeoo?? a?aiiii?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue iai?oeany
oa?aeoa?iee i?ioean ?icoa?oaaiiy ciaiue, ?icaeoie iiaeeaeaieo
i?aaeiaoieo aeine?aeaeaiue o aaaaoueio aaeocyo ia?iaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa.
A?aiiii?/ia oai??y ? i?aeoeea a nai?io ?icaeoeo caciaee ye?nieo ci?i ?
ia?ai???ioaoe??.
Ia?ao?ae a?ae “ei?aeoeaiiai” iai?yio aei “i?iaeoeaiiai” c ?icaeoeii
aeine?aeaeaiue niaoeeo?/ieo aeae?a ? oi?i ethaenueei? ae?yeueiino?,
noai?aiiyi iaoiae?a aiae?co ? oi?iae?caoe??, a oaeiae aeyaeaiiyi
/eiiee?a, ui aecia/athoue aoaeoeai?noue, coiiaea iiyao oaeeo
i?eeeaaeieo aeenoeeie?i, ye “A?aiiii?ea a iaoeiiaoaeoaaii?”, 1969;
“Eini?/ia a?aiiii?ea”, 1971; “A?aiiii?ea a aoae?aieoeoa?”, 1974;
“Ae?iaie/a a?aiiii?ea”, 1974; “A?aiiii?ea a noaeiiaoaeoaaii?”, 1979;
“Aaiaeace/ia a?aiiii?ea”, 1983; “?iaeaia?ia a?aiiii?ea iaoei”, 1987;
“O?oia?aiiii?ea”, 1989; “Iaaeaaia?/ia a?aiiii?ea”, 1998; ? ?yae ?io.
Ia ia?eoia oeae i?ioean ? noa?o a?o?oaeoo?ii? ae?yeueiino?. Aei
inoaiiueiai /ano, aeania, a?o?oaeoo?ia i?iaeaiaoeea iin?ea aaeueie
iacia/ia i?noea a caaaeueiiio ianyc? a?aiiii?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue.
Aei i?e/ei oeueiai iieiaeaiiy iaeaaeeoue oa, ui a?aiiii?ea o?aaeeoe?eii
oi?ea?oueny eiea aeenoeeie?i nenoaiii – ae?yeuei?niiai oa?aeoa?o, ui
aea/athoue ooieoe?iiaeueiee aniaeo ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie, iia’ycaiee c
aeei?enoaiiyi iaoei, oaoi?/ieo cania?a caaacia/aiiy. ?, i?e?iaeii,
iana a?aeaeoie “ianeaiiai” a?aeiioaiiy aei na?aaeiooai?thth/i? oaiaoeee.
?acii c oei, ii?iaoeaii-iaoiaee/i? onoaiiaee a i?iaeoi?e ni?aa?
oyae?thoue aei iaoai?/iiai aeeth/aiiy a?aiiii?ee aei ?ic?yaeo
“iaiaaeoth/eo” oai?/ee i?ioean i?ioeaaeo?. Iiaeieaiiy oe??? oei??iaii?
oaiaeaioe?? a i?ioan?ei?e na?aeiiino? i?aaenoaaey?oueny nueiaiaei?
iniaeeai aaaeeeaei.
Ni?aaaei?e ia??iae o ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?ii? iaoee ? i?aeoeoe?
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny ia?aoiaeii aei iiaiai oeio i?iaeoieo caaaeaiue.
C?iaeaiee e?ie a?ae i?aeoiaeo, i???ioiaaiiai a iniiaiiio ia ia’?eoia
aacaae?ania i?iaeooaaiiy, aei ?ioaa?iaaiiai i?iaeooaaiiy ?io?ano?oeoo?e
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie (I.?yaooei, 1982). ? oe?eeii i/aaeaeii, ui
a iiaeo oiiaao ?aae?caoe?y eiiieaenieo ?aeae ia iiaea aooe cae?eniaia
neeaie o?eueee a?o?oaeoi??a ? cae/iiai iaai?o “noi?aeiee?a”. No/ania
a?o?oaeoo?ii-i?noiaoae?aia ae?yeuei?noue aeiaaa? noai?aiiy nenoaiiiai
iaoeiaiai i?aeoiaeo aei oi?ioaaiiy na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?
ethaeeie.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie. Aeena?oaoe?y ? i?aenoieii
aaaaoi??/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue, ye? i?iaiaeea aaoi?, ii/eiath/e c 1981 ?. o
Oa?e?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oaoi?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? aoae?aieoeoaa oa
a?o?oaeoo?e (O?A?-OAeOOAA) a?aeiia?aeii aei ieaio oe?eueiaeo i?ia?ai
I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie. Cie?aia, “ANO-?aa?ii” ? i?ae?icae?eo
6.2.2.
“Ia?niaeoeai? ?ioi?iaoe?ei? oaoiieia??” I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie (?
Ae? 0890056772, 0194 U 038225). ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy
ai?iaaaeaeai? a 5-oe i?iaeoieo ? iaoeiai-aeine?aeieo ?ic?iaeao,
aeeiiaieo o OAeOOAA, AIAe?OA, AieiaAIO i. Oa?eiaa, a oaeiae a o/aiaee
i?ioean o aeaeyae? eaeoe?eiiai eo?no “Iniiae a?o?oaeoo?ii? a?aiiii?ee”
aeey nooaeaio?a- a?o?oaeoi??a an?o niaoe?aeueiinoae OAeOOAA ?
Iieoaanueeiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i. TH.Eiiae?aothea. I?e ?ic?iaeao
aenia?eiaioaeueieo i?iaeo?a o Noinuee?e iaeano? (n. Eeiiaa aeieeia),
?aeiino?oeoe?? ?noi?e/iiai eaa?oaeo i.Oa?eiaa ii aoe. *a?ieoaanueeiai ?
iaoeiai-aeine?aeieo ?iaioao i?e oi?ioaaii? eiioi?oiiai na?aaeiaeua
i?ioan?eii-oaoi?/ieo o/eeeu ia aac? IIOO-15.
Iaoa aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy – iaa?oiooaaiiy ? ?ic?iaea iaoiae?a
? cania?a oi?ioaaiiy iioeiaeueiiai ??aiy a?aiiii?/ieo aeanoeainoae
i?aaeiaoii-i?inoi?iaiai na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie. Aeey
aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe a i?ioean? aeine?aeaeaiiy aoei iio??aii
ae??oeoe ianooii? caaea/?:
-aecia/eoe iaae? ? no?oeoo?o ia’?eoa ? i?aaeiaoa a?o?oaeoo?ii?
a?aiiii?ee c iiceoe?e ?icoi?iiy eiai ye aeieia?/ii? nenoaie
“ethaeeia-na?aaeiaeua” (“ianaeaiiy-na?aaeiaeua”);
-aecia/eoe ? iaa?oiooaaoe iniiai? iaoiaeieia?/i? i?eioeeie
a?aiiii?/iiai i?aeoiaeo aei iioei?caoe?? a?o?oaeoo?iiai na?aaeiaeua
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie;
-iaa?oiooaaoe aeiiae aei oe?eueiai? ooieoe?? (e?eoa??th
iioeiaeueiino?), ui canoiniao?oueny i?e aeai?? ??oaiue o i?ioean?
a?aiiii?/iiai i?iaeooaaiiy oe?e?nieo a?o?oaeoo?ieo ia’?eo?a (nenoai );
-?ic?iaeoe i?ioeaaeo?e (aeai?eoi) iine?aeiaiiai ae??oaiiy caaaeaiue
a?o?oaeoo?ii? a?aiiii?ee;
-iai?oeoe iaea?eueo aeooaeuei? oeyoe ? caaaeaiiy noaiiaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo
a?o?oaeoo?ii? a?aiiii?ee.
Aeiaaeueiei ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? aeieia?/ia nenoaia “ethaeeia
(ianaeaiiy)-na?aaeiaeua”. Eieaeueiei ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy –
i?aaeiaoii-i?inoi?iaa na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie, ui
oi?io?oueny o i?ioean? a?o?oaeoo?iiai i?iaeooaaiiy. I?aaeiaoii
aeine?aeaeaiiy ? a?aiiii?/i? aeanoeaino? a?o?oaeoo?iiai na?aaeiaeua.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? a oiio, ui:.
-aia?oa oai?aoe/ii iaa?oioiaaii eiioeaioe?th iioei?caoe??
a?o?oaeoo?iiai na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie;
-?ic?iaeaiee oai?aoe/iee ea?ean iiai? iaoeiai? aeenoeeie?ie
a?o?oaeoo?ii? a?aiiii?ee;
-?ic?iaeaia iiaeaeue oe?eueiaiai a?aiiii?/iiai e?eoa??th yeino?
a?o?oaeoo?ieo ia’?eo?a;
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa?:
-a ?ic?iaeaiiio iiaiio i?aeoiae? uiaei iioei?caoe?? a?o?oaeoo?iiai
na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie;
-o ?ic?iaoe? iiaeo iaoeiai-iaoiaee/ieo iniia oa i?iaeoii-i?eeeaaeieo
?aeiiaiaeaoe?e, ye? caaacia/othoue iioeiaeueio
a?o?oaeoo?ii-i?noiaoae?aio i?aai?caoe?th;
-o ?ic?iaoe? aenia?eiaioaeueieo i?iaeo?a oa eiie?aoieo caoiae?a
i?iaeooaaiiy a?o?oaeoo?iiai na?aaeiaeua.
Oai?aoe/ia ? i?aeoe/ia cia/ou?noue i?iaaaeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a
?ic?iaoe? iiaeo iaoiaeieia?/ieo iniia a?aiiii?/iiai i?iaeooaaiiy
i?inoi?o a?o?oaeoo?iiai na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie, ye?
aacothoueny ia i?aenoaa? nenoaiieo iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Noi?ioeueiaai? ia?aaeoiiae aeey i?aeaioiaee ii?iaoeaii? aace
a?o?oaeoo?iiai i?iaeooaaiiy. Canoinoaaiiy iaoiae?a a?aiiii?/iiai
i?iaeooaaiiy a?o?oaeoo?iiai na?aaeiaeua ni?ey? aoaeoeai?e ae?yeueiino?
c iioei?caoe?? oiia aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie ca aeiiiiiaith
i?aeaeuaiiy iaoeiai? iaa?oioiaaiino? a?o?oaeoo?ieo ??oaiue, ui
i?eeiathoueny. Ioi?ieaiiy aaeeeiai ?ioi?iaoe?eiiai ianeao a?aiiii?/ieo
aeaieo o noai?o iaoeiao aeenoeeie?io aeicaieeoue a?eueo iia?aoeaii
aeei?enoaoe ?o i?e i?aeoe/i?e ?aae?caoe?? iinoaaeaieo caaaeaiue.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe iaea?aeai?
aaoi?ii iniaenoi. Caeiaoaa/ ?ic?iaea: o ?iaioao [8;10;11] -eiioeaioe?th
iioei?caoe?? a?o?oaeoo?iiai na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie
(ianaeaiiy); o ?iaioao [4;13;14] – oai?aoe/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy aeei?enoaiiy
a?aiiii?/ieo iio?aa uiaei oi?ioaaiiy a?o?oaeoo?iiai aeeoeiaiai ?
i?iieneiaiai i?inoi?o.
Aeinoia??i?noue iaoeiaeo ?acoeueoao?a ? aeniiae?a caaacia/aia:
iaoiaeieia?/iei iaa?oiooaaiiyi iinoaaeaii? i?iaeaie, a?aeiia?aei?noth
iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiiy, eiai oe?eyi ? caaea/ai, e?euee?niei ? ye?niei
aiae?cii oai?aoe/iiai ? aii??e/iiai iaoa??aeo, ?ai?acaioaoeai?noth
aea??ee, iiaiioith ? noaoenoe/iith cia/ou?noth c?a?aiiai a oiae?
aeine?aeaeaiiy iaoa??aeo.
Iaae? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aein? ie aiai?eee i?i ooo/ia na?aaeiaeua acaaae?,
ia ?icae?eyth/e eiai ia ie?ai? aeaee, oi?ie, ??ai?. I?enooiath/e aei
aiae?co ? iiaeaethaaiiy ca’yce?a ethaeeie c oeei “na?aaeiaeuai”,
ocaaaeueiaia ?icoi?iiy inoaiiueiai ye “anueiai, ui noai?aii ethaeeiith”
yaii iaeici?noiaii. Iaoiaeieia?/i? iniiae iioei?caoe?? ae?th/? eeoa
oiae?, eiee aiie iai?aaeai? ia ia aano?aeoia “na?aaeiaeua”, a ia aaeueie
eiie?aoi? aeanoeaino? ? ia?aiao?e i?aaeiaoii-i?inoi?iaiai ioi/aiiy. O
aeai?e ?iaio? aoaeaii aiae?coaaoe ca’ycee ethaeeie c ianooiieie
noi?iiaie na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie:
-?icaeyaeaoe aoaeaii ia aanue noai?aiee “ooo/iee na?o”, a oo
eiai /anoeio, c yeith eiie?aoia ethaeeia a nai?io iianyeaeaiiiio aeeoo?
aaciina?aaeiuei aca?iiae??. Ia?aaeaa/ath/e, ui naia oa?aeoa? oeueiai,
“aeooaeueiiai” na?aaeiaeua a?ae?a?a? iaea?eueoo ?ieue o caaaeueiiio
na?aaeiaeuiiio eiioaeno? aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie;
-c aeaio iniiaieo aniaeo?a ooo/iiai na?aaeiaeua – ?? i?aaeiaoiiai ci?noo
i?inoi?iai? i?aai?caoe?? – aoaeaii i?eae?eyoe iniiaio oaaao
inoaiiueiio. Aea?? naia i?inoi?iaiai aniaeoo aecia/a?oueny ianaiia?aae
ea?aeeiaeueieie ci?iaie a i?inoi?ia?e no?oeoo?? aeeoeiaiai na?aaeiaeua,
ui a?aeaoaaeeny inoaii?i /anii. Iia? i?e?i?aeiie, aenioi? aoaeeiee,
aaaaoioeny/i? caee, o?ainii?o, ui ?icaeaa?oueny ? o.i. – ana oea
noai?eei iia? i?inoi?ia? oiiae aeey aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie, i?eaaei
c niaith iaaoaaeo eiioeaio?aoe?th ethaeae ? c?inoath/o
?icina?aaeaeai?noue ?o ae?yeueiino?. Aea ia caaaeath/e ia ?nioth/? ci?ie
a i?inoi?ia?e no?oeoo?? na?aaeiaeua, naia eaoaai??y i?inoi?o a
a?aiiii?/iiio ieai? aaeueie iaei aea/aia, iaoeiai iaa?oioiaai?
?aeiiaiaeaoe?? a oeueiio ieai? iiee aeaoe aaaeei. O oie aea /an ??ci?
oei/ania? oa?aeoa?enoeee ethaenueei? ae?yeueiino?, a oiio /ene? ?
i?nueeiai aeeooy, ?ioaineaii aea/athoueny.
Oaeei /eiii, aeoiaey/e c neooaoe??, ui neeaeany a a?o?oaeoo?i?e
i?aeoeoe?, aoaeaii a aeai?e ?iaio? ooeaoe a?aeiia?ae? ia ianooii?
ieoaiiy: ye? aeo?aei? a?ae ethaeeie (ethaenueeeo a?oi, ni?eueiioe)
aeiiae aei i?inoi?iai? i?aai?caoe?? ?o aaciina?aaeiueiai aeeoeiaiai
na?aaeiaeua, yea i?inoi?iaa no?oeoo?a na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?
ethaeeie ? iaea?eueo i?eeiyoiith.
Caaaeii aeena?oaoe?y ioiieth? ia o?eueee a?o?oaeoo?i? aniaeoe oi?ioaaiiy
eiioi?oiiai na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?, aea ?, a oiio /ene?,
iaoiaeieia?/i? aniaeoe aeei?enoaiiy ?acoeueoao?a ? iaoiae?a ?ioeo iaoe
aeey ae??oaiiy a?o?oaeoo?ieo caaaeaiue. ?iaioa ia? iaoiaeieia?/io
ni?yiiaai?noue, iaeiae a ?yae? aeiaaee?a ?acoeueoaoe ?? aeiaiaeyoueny
aei aeaoaeueii? ?ic?iaee ? ?aaeueiiai ai?iaaaeaeaiiy. Aaoi?ii i?iaaaeaia
ocaaaeueiaiiy ? aiae?c ?nioth/eo oai?aoe/ieo ? i?iaeoieo ?ia?o, ui
?ice?eaathoue noai ? oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?ii? iaoiaeieia?? ca
ei?aeiiii, a oaeiae aeina?ae i?aeoe/iiai aeei?enoaiiy aeaieo a?aiiii?ee
a ??cieo noa?ao iaoa??aeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa ? i?iaeoi?e ae?yeueiino?.
Iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy, ui aeei?enoiaothoueny a ?iaio?, caniiaai? ia
no/ani?e iaoiaeieia?? caaaeueii? oai??? nenoai (CON), i?aeoiae?a, oaeeo
ye: iaoiae noiaeaeaiiy a?ae aano?aeoiiai aei eiie?aoiiai, ui aeicaiey?
ia’?aeioaaoe i?eaaoi? ? iaeiinoi?iii? neeaaeia? ia’?eoa, ui
aeine?aeaeo?oueny a ?aeeio, oe?e?nio oa?aeoa?enoeeo. Iaoiaeieia?y
nenoaiiiai ? na?aaeiaeuiiai i?aeoiaeo, oai??y ae?yeueiino?, aeicaieeee
io?eiaoe aeia??/? ?acoeueoaoe i?e ?ica’ycaii? caaea/ aeena?oaoe?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Aeaea?aea ? iaoa??aee aeine?aeaeaiiy. Nenoaiiee oa?aeoa?, ui
aea/a?oueny, i?aeaeenoeeie?ia?ii? a?o?oaeoo?ii-a?aiiii?/ii? i?iaeaiaoeee
aecia/ea iaiao?aei?noue caeo/aiiy oai?aoe/ieo ciaiue ? i?aeoe/iiai
aeina?aeo oi?ioaaiiy a?o?oaeoo?iiai na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?
ethaeeie, ?? oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/i?, eiioeaiooaeuei? ? i?iaiinoe/i?
iiaeae? (E.I.Aaaeioue?i, TH.I.Ai/a?ia, I.I.Aeueii?i, A.TH.Aeo?iaiia,
A.?.?aeia, E.I. Eiaaeuenueeee, A.O.Iaeoo?ia, A.I.Ia?aea?, I.A.
I??ioie/aiei, A.?. Ieoaeeaiei, C.A.Iiena?iei, A.?.Eaa?ee, ?.A.Eaaeaaa,
E.?.Iaoueiaeia, TH.A.??i?i, ?.?.Na?aaethe, A.I.?oaeieoeueeee,
A.A.?yaooei, A.I.O?aiueia, ?.I.Oii?i, A.Ae.Ooieueei, A.I.Aoaiei,
Ae.I.ssaeiinueeee, I.I.ssieoeueeee oa ?io.). Aeei?enoiaothoueny i?aoe? c
i?iaeai aeine?aeaeaiiy iaoiaeee i?iaeooaaiiy a?o?oaeoo?iiai na?aaeiaeua
(A.A.Aa?o?i, A.I.Ao?ye, A.E.Aeace/aa, I.I.C?i/aiei, I.A.?aiiaii?o, a
oaeiae E.Aeaenaiaea?, Aeae.Aeaeiin, ?.Noaaea? oa ?io.). Anoaoe/iei ?
ooaeiaei?i i?iaeaiai a?o?oaeoo?ii? oai?/ino? (TH.A.Aiaeei, A.A.Ao?iia,
A.A.?eiiieeia, E.?.Ee?eeeiaa, A.E.E?aaaoeue, I.ss.E??aeaiianueea, A.
A.I?i??a?i, A.?. ?aa?iiae/, N.I.Oai-Iaaiiaaeia, ?.Ae.?iaee/e?i oa
?io.). Ineoieia?? ni?eeiyooy a?o?oaeoo?iiai na?aaeiaeua ? eiai
i?inoi?iai? ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? (A.E.Aioiiia, I.E.A?ey?aa, ?.I.Oea/eeia oa
?io., a oaeiae E.Ii?aa?a-Ooeueoe, I.Ni?o, A.Oaee oa ?io.).
Caeo/athoueny ?acoeueoaoe oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue o
o?einio??, ineoieia??, a?aiiii?oe? oa ?io. aeenoeeie?iao, i?aaenoaaeai?
a ?iaioao A.I.Eaiiiaa, N.I.Ai/a?iai?, I.A.Aeaen??aa, A.O.Aoa?iaa,
A.A.Aaa?eeiaa, A.E..Ca?aoeueeiai, A.I.C?i/aiea, A.I.Ioi?iiaa, I.A.Oa?ia
oa ?io., a oaeiae A.A?aiaeaia, Aeae.Iaenoa?a, O.Neiaeoiia, A.*aiai?na
oa ?io. Aeei?enoiaothoueny i?aoe? TH.Ae.Aoaa?inueeiai, N.A.Cieieay,
A.E.E?oeeaae/a oa ?io., ui aeine?aeaeothoue i?iaeaio ia noeeo iaoe c
nai?oa??? oa a?a??ie aeeoea, ineoio?c?ieia??, nioe?ieia??, aeieia?? oa
?ioeo aeenoeeie?i.
I?aaeiao caoenoo neeaaeathoue ianooii? io?eiai? a aeena?oaoe?eiiio
aeine?aeaeaii? ?acoeueoaoe:
-iaoeia? iieiaeaiiy a?aiiii?/iiai i?aeoiaeo aei oi?ioaaiiy eiioi?oiiai
??aiy a?o?oaeoo?iiai na?aaeiaeua;
-oai?aoe/i? iieiaeaiiy a?o?oaeoo?ii? a?aiiii?ee ye ae?yeueiino?,
i???ioiaaii? ia iioei?caoe?th a?o?oaeoo?iiai (i?aaeiaoiiai)
na?aaeiaeua, ye neeaaeiai? aeieia?/ii? nenoaie “ianaeaiiy –
na?aaeiaeua”;
-i?eioeeie oi?ioaaiiy ye?nieo ? e?euee?nieo iiaeaeae, ui a?aeaeaathoue
ooieoe?iioaaiiy ? ?icaeoie ?aaeueieo a?o?oaeoo?ieo ia’?eo?a;
-oe?eueiaa a?aiiii?/ia ooieoe?y (a?aiiii?/iee e?eoa??e iioeiaeueiino?)
a iiaeaeyo a?o?oaeoo?ieo nenoai.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Oaiaoeea aeena?oaoe?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy aei?iaoaaia ia:
1).4-e I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? ICMA”96 (Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, IAeAA?A);
2).Ae?oa?e Ananithci?e eiioa?aioe?? c a?aiiii?ee (Iineaa, AIAe?OA,
1988);
3).Ananithci?e iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? “Ia?ac aeeooy ? aeeoeiaa
na?aaeiaeua a oiiaao nioe?ae?cio” (Iineaa, AIAe?OA, 1988);
4).Iino?eii-ae?th/eo nai?ia?ao OO AIAe?OA “Aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie
a?aiiii?ee oa ?iaeaia?ii? ineoieia??” (1984-90 ??.);
5).Nai?ia?ao “A?aoi-aiae?oe/i? iaoiaee o ae??oaii?
a?o?oaeoo?ii-i?noiaoae?aieo caaaeaiue” (Iineaa, IA?O? 1987-92 ??.).
6).20-oe iaoeiai-oaoi?/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo O?A?-OAeOOAA (1981-1999 ??.).
Ioae?eaoe??. Iniiai? iaoeia? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaai? a 30
ae?oeiaaieo ?iaioao, c ieo: 1 iiiia?ao??, 1 a?ioo??, 17 noaooyo, 11
aeaiiiiaaieo oa ?io. i?aoeyo.
No?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeth/a? anooi, o?e
?icae?ee, aeniiaie (caaaeueiei ianyaii 311 noi?. oaenoo ? 54 oaaeeoe?
?ethno?iaaiiai iaoa??aeo), nienie aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e, aeiaeaoie.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
OAI?AOE*I? IA?AAeOIIAE ?ICAEOEO IIOEI?CAOe?EIIAI
I?AeOIAeO A A?O?OAEOO?IEO AeINE?AeAEAIIssO ? I?IAEOOAAII?
O ca’yceo c ?icaeoeii ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei ia ia?oee ieai aenoaathoueny
oae? iiiyooy ye eiieo?aioicaeaoi?noue, ye?noue, eiioi?oi?noue. ?eiie
ia?ooiiino? i?aae’yaey? aeiiae oaoiieia?/iino?, aeieia?/iino?,
a?aiiii?/iino? aoae?aaeue oa nii?oae. Oneeaaeieany ? nai ia’?eo
a?o?oaeoo?iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy. O ca’yceo c oeei ? aeooaeueiei
aeei?enoaiiy nenoaiiiai i?aeoiaeo aei ia’?eoa a?o?oaeoo?ii? oai??? ?
i?aeoeee. O ?iaio? ?icaeyioo? iaoiaeieia?/i? iniiae oi?ioaaiiy iiaeo
aaeocae ciaiue, aecia/ai? iiiyooy “ia’?eo” ? “i?aaeiao” aeine?aeaeaiiy a
a?o?oaeoo?i?e oai???.
O ?iaio? anoaiiaeaii, ui o.i. “ci?oaiiy”, ui niinoa??aa?oueny,
“?icieaaiiy” iaae o?aaeeoe?eieo aaeocae ciaiue ia aeiaaeeiaa: aiii
iiynith?oueny caeiiii??iei ?icaeoeii iaoee, yeee noi?iaiaeeoueny, c
iaeiiai aieo, oneeaaeiaiiyi ? aeeoa?aioe?aoe??th, c ?ioiai,-
“neioacoaaiiyi”, ?ioaa?aoe??th, caeaaaeiny a, naiino?eieo iaoeiaeo
aeenoeeie?i. Aiae?c e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae na?ae/eoue i?i ana a?eueo
iaiieaaeeaa i?aaiaiiy a?o?oaeoi??a-oai?aoee?a aeine?aeeoe noi?aei?
aaeoc? ciaiue: nioe?ieia?th, ineoieia?th, aeieia?th oa ?io., a c ?ioith
– i?i aeoea?caoe?th aeine?aeaeaiue a aaeoc? i?aai?caoe?? ooo/iiai
na?aaeiaeua (ON) nioe?ieiaaie, ineoieiaaie, aaia?aoaie, a?aiiii?noaie oa
?ioeie oao?aoeyie.
C i?iaaaeaiiai aiae?co noa? c?icoi?eei ci?oaiiy i?aaeiaoa
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ui niinoa??aa?oueny ia noeeao a?o?oaeoo?e oa ?ioeo
noi?aeieo iaoe. Aeae?eaiiy a?o?oaeoo?ii? a?aiiii?ee ye iiaiai nenoaiiiai
aniaeoo a a?o?oaeoo?? caaacia/eoue aaeeeo oe?eani?yiiaai?noue ?
aoaeoeai?noue aeine?aeaeaiue o oiio /ene? ? a aeiiii?/iiio ieai? ca
?aooiie a?eueo ?aoe?iiaeueiiai aeei?enoaiiy ethaenueeeo ? iaoa??aeueieo
?ano?n?a, i?aeaeuaiiy ??aiy eiioi?oiino?, i?iaeoeoeaiino? i?aoeue ?
o.ae. o ooo/iiio ? i?e?iaeiiio na?aaeiaeu? eiai iaoeaiiy.
O ?iaio? iieacaii, ui a neeaaeieo nenoaiao, iiae?aieo
a?o?oaeoo?ii-a?aiiii?/iei, aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy ia? aieea ciai?oi?o ?
aioo??oi?o /eiiee?a. Iaaaaeai? no?oeoo?i? noaie aca?iica’yceo ?
aca?iii?aeii?yaeaeoaaiiy /eiiee?a (aeaia ?o ???a?o?y), anoaiiaeai?
iiiaeeie ciai?oi?o ? aioo??oi?o /eiiee?a, ui aecia/athoue iiaaae?ieo
a?o?oaeoo?ieo nenoai ? ?o i?aenenoai ??ciiai ??aiy. Nenoaiiee i?aeo?ae
aeicaieea noi?ioethaaoe ? iaa?oiooaaoe caaaeuei? ia?aaeoiiae a /anoei?
oeiieia?? AI:
– eiaeiee AI iiaeiai aieiae?oe aeanoea?noth oe?e?niino?, oiaoi a iueiio
iiaeiia iiai?noth “eieae?coaaoeny” yea-iaaoaeue aeaiaioa?ia ooieoe?y
(aai ?yae aeaiaioa?ieo ooieoe?e, ui neeaaeathoue neeaaeio ooieoe?th
a?eueo aenieiai ??aiy);
– i?e ?ic?iaoe? eeaneo?eaoe?? a?o?oaeoo?ieo nenoai iaiao?aeii
a?aoiaoaaoe ??aaiue ?o ooieoe?iiaeueii? oe?e?niino?, oiaoi eeaneo?eaoe?y
iiaeiia a?aeaeaaoe oo aaaeeeao aeanoea?noue a?o?oaeoo?ieo nenoai, ui,
e??i ??ciiiai?oiino? oei?a “ii ai?eciioae?”, aiie iathoue naith iaaio
???a?o?th a?ae a?aeiinii i?inoeo (iiiiooieoe?iiaeueieo) aei ana a?eueo
neeaaeieo (iie?ooieoe?iiaeueieo); i?e/iio oeae c??c o oeiieia?? nenoai ?
iaea?eueo aaaeeeaei, a?aeiia?aeaeueiei.
O aeena?oaoe?? iieacai? ooiaeaiaioaeuei? aeanoeaino? a?o?oaeoo?ieo
nenoai ? anoaiiaeaii, ui aeieeathoue aiie ye ?acoeueoao ae??
caeiiii??iinoae caaaeueiinenoaiieo i?eioeei?a, o caeaaeiino? a?ae yeeo
ia’?aeiaiiy ??cii??aeieo ia ia?oee iiaeyae /anoei iaaeaoaa? aaniethoii
iniaeeao ye?noue – oe?e?ni?noue ? aii?yaeeiaai?noue. Anoaiiaeaii, ui a
a?o?oaeoo?ieo nenoaiao, aiane?aeie ?o ni?eueiino? c ?ioeie nenoaiaie
iiae?aiiai oeio, ae?thoue i?aeoe/ii an? caaaeueii nenoaii? i?eioeeie:
cai?ioiiai ca’yceo, oe?e?niino?, ???a?o?/iino? no?oeoo?e, ?iaa??aioiino?
oa ?io. ?icaeyiooee ?yae niaoeeo?/ieo i?eioeei?a a?o?oaeoo?ieo nenoai:
i?eioeei iaeiaioi? ae?? “i?eioeei i?i?iaeueii? o?aiceoii? ieiu?”(ca
A.?.Eaa?eeii), i?eioeei neaiaoo? (i?eioeei aecia/aeueieo iciae),
i?eioeei ?iaa??aioiino?.
Aeiaeaoie i?eioeeio ?iaa??aioiino? no?oeoo?e aei a?aiiii?/ieo nenoai
aeicaieea anoaiiaeoe ni?euei?noue caeiiii??iinoae aiae?co ? iioei?caoe??
aeey a?aiiii?/ieo ? a?o?oaeoo?ieo aeinenoai (“aeaiiaeinenoai”).
Ocaaaeueiaiiy ? aiae?c e?oa?aoo?ieo, aeia?aeeiaeo, i?iaeoieo oa ?io.
aeaea?ae aeicaiey? i?eeoe aei aeniiaeo i?i iaoiaeieia?/io ni?euei?noue
oeeo aaeocae ciaiue ia i?aenoaa? nenoaiii? eiioeaioe?? (?iaioe
I.Aeueii?ia, A.Eaa?eea, A. I?i??a?ia, A.Ioi?iiaa, A.Aoa?iaa,
A.Aaa?eeiaa, E.Iaoueiaeiaa oa ?io.). Aaaaea?oueny aeioe?eueiei iaaanoe
ooo, ye i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiy aeneiaeaii? oi/ee ci?o, aecia/aiiy a?aiiii?ee a
?AN: “A?aiiii?ea -… iaoeiaa aeenoeeie?ia, ui aea/a? ethaeeio (aai a?oio
ethaeae) ? ?? (?o) ae?yeuei?noue a oiiaao no/aniiai ae?iaieoeoaa c
iaoith iioei?caoe?? cia?yaeue, oiia ? i?ioeano i?aoe?. Iniiaiee ia’?eo
aeine?aeaeaiiy a?aiiii?ee – nenoaie “ethaeeia-iaoeia”, a oiio /ene? ?
o.i. a?aaoe/i? nenoaie; iaoiae aeine?aeaeaiiy – nenoaiiee i?aeo?ae”.
Ca?aene ? iniiaia caaaeaiiy aeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy – aeiaeaoie
i?eioeei?a oai??? ? i?aeoeee no/anii? a?aiiii?ee aei ?ica’ycaiiy
aeine?aeieoeueeeo ? i?aeoe/ieo caaea/ nenoaiiiai a?o?oaeoo?iiai
i?iaeooaaiiy.
A?aecia/aiee a inoaii? ?iee i?aeaeuaiee ?ioa?an aei ooieoe?iiaeueiino?,
?aoe?iiaeueiino?, eiioi?oiino? a?o?oaeoo?ii-ieaioaaeueieo ??oaiue ia ?
/eiinue i?eioeeiiai iiaei. O ?iaio? anoaiiaeaii, ui aeaea?aea iiae?aiiai
?ooo ethaenueei? aeoiee i?inoaaeothoueny ia ?aii?o aoaiao ?icaeoeo
ethaenueeiai noni?euenoaa, eiee ethaee iaiaaaeeny i?enoiniaoaaoe
i?aaeiaoii-i?inoi?iaa na?aaeiaeua (IIN) aei nai?o iio?aa.
Iioei?caoe?eiee i?aeo?ae ia ?ioo?oeaiiio ??ai? a i?aai?caoe?? aeeoeiaiai
i?inoi?o ethaeeie aaiethoe?iioaaa i?ioyaii aaaaoueio a?e?a. I?aeoe/ii
ona?aeiieaia iioei?caoe?eia ni?yiiaai?noue a i?aai?caoe?? IIN ii/aea
oi?ioaaoeny a ia??iae ooieoe?iiae?cio (e?iaoeue O1O – ii/aoie OO
noi??//y). Ii/eiath/e c ia?oi? /aa?o? OO noi??//y a noa?? a?o?oaeoo?ii?
ae?yeueiino? ii/aee ?ic?iaeyoeny iia? iaoiaee i?aai?caoe?? na?aaeiaeua
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie. I?iaeooaaiiy ana a?eueoa ii/eia? iaaoaaoe
oa?aeoa?o iaoeiai-iaa?oioiaaii? ae?yeueiino?. Ca?iaeaeoaaany iiaee oei
i?ioan?iiaea, aeey yeiai ?ica’ycaiiy eiiieaenieo, iaoeiai-i?eeeaaeieo ?
?iaeaia?ii-eiino?oeoi?nueeeo caaea/ aoei iaa?ae’?iiith /anoeiith
oai?/ino?. I?e/iio, i???ioaoe?y ia iaeneiaeueio ?aoe?iiae?caoe?th
ooieoe?iiaeueieo i?ioean?a, aeiiii?th i?inoi?o, i?aeaeuaiiy
nai?oa?ii-a?a??i?/iiai ??aiy, iae?e niaoeeo?ee aieeao i?e?iaeiiai ?
ooo/iiai ina?oeaiiy aianee a i?ioean i?iaeooaaiiy IIN o? aeanoeaino? ?
yeino?, ye? a no/ani?e oa?i?iieia?? iiaeia aecia/eoe a ? a i i i i ? /
i e i e.
Ii/eiath/e c e?ioey 50-o – ii/aoeo 60-o ??. ianooaae ?iaeono??aeueiiai
aoae?aieoeoaa caaeaaeaee iniaeeai oaaaeiiai noaaeaiiy aei “ethaenueeiai
oaeoi?o”. Noaiaea?oecaoe?y, ye iaieio/a ne?aenoai ?iaeono??ae?caoe??,
anooieea a noia?a/i?noue c eiie?aoieie iio?aaaie ethaeeie, ?? e?eoa??yie
ni?eeiyooy iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua. Eiiieaeniee oa?aeoa?
a?o?oaeoo?ieo i?iaeai iaoiiaea iiooe ?o ae??oaiiy ?ioeie iaoiaeaie
ni?eueii c i?aaenoaaieeaie ?ioeo aeenoeeie?i – ineoieiaaie,
nioe?ieiaaie, o?c?ieiaaie, a?a??i?noaie oa ?io. oao?aoeyie. ?acii c oei,
cia/ia /anoeia ciaiue i?i ethaeeio, na?aaeiaeua ?? iaoeaiiy,
i?e?iaeii-ee?iaoe/i? aieeae oa ?io. iani?eyoeea? /eiieee ia iiaee aooe
iaoiaee/ii inai?i? aiane?aeie iaa?aei?aoeueiaaieo a?aeiia?aeieo
oai?aoe/ieo oyaeaiue ? aeine?aeieoeueeeo i?ioeaaeo? ? oiio ia
aeeth/aeeny a ii?iaoeaii-?ino?oeoeaio e?oa?aoo?o ? ia aieeioee
iaiao?aeiei /eiii ia a?o?oaeoo?ii-i?noiaoae?aio i?aeoeeo.
Ona?aeiieaiiy oeueiai “?ic?eao” a iiia?aaei? ?iee ? iaiao?aei?noue eiai
caiiaiaiiy ia 80-o ii/aoeo 90 ??. aoei iaei??th c i?e/ei iiyae iiaeo
i?aeoiae?a – na?aaeiaeuiiai, aeieia?/iiai, ?ioi?iaoe?eiiai,
a?aiiii?/iiai oa ?io., iai?aaeaieo ia ?ic?iaeo
eaoaai??aeueii-iiiyo?eiiai aia?aoo i?i ethaeeio, eaaea/iai ia noeeo
noa? a?o?oaeoo?e ? eiiieaeno ooiaeaiaioaeueieo iaoe.
Aiaeia?/iee nieane iaoee i?i “ethaenuee? oaeoi?e” aoa a?aecia/aiee
cao?aeieie aeine?aeieeaie c ii/aoeii noai?aiiy a 1949 a. E.Ia??aeii
A?aiiii?/iiai aeine?aeieoeueeiai oiaa?enoaa. ?i?oe?aoi?e eiai noai?aiiy
aoee iaeiinoaei? a oiio, ui ia’?aeiaiiy a/aieo noi?aeieo aeenoeeie?i
aeey ni?eueii? ?iaioe iaae ?ica’ycaiiyi caaaeueieo i?iaeai aeicaieeoue
aeiiaaaoeny e?aueo ?acoeueoao?a, i?aeaeueoue ?o aoaeoeai?noue. O oeueiio
?o ia?aeiioaaa ? aeina?ae ni?eueii? ?iaioe i?iaeooaaeueiee?a c
ineoieiaaie, o?c?ieiaaie, a?a??i?noaie oa ?io. oao?aoeyie.
O ?iaio? noi?ioeueiaai? iniiai? i?eioeeie a?aiiii?/iiai i?aeoiaeo.
A?aiiii?/iee i?aeo?ae (AI) ye iiaa noa?a i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino? a
a?o?oaeoo?? aeoioeth? oe?ii?ni? i???ioaoe?? ? onoaiiaee nenoaiiiai,
na?aaeiaeuiiai oa ?io. i?aeoiae?a ? iaoiae?a i?aai?caoe?? a?o?oaeoo?iiai
na?aaeiaeua. Nenoaii?noue – niaoeeo?/ia ?ena a?aiiii?/iiai i?aeoiaeo.
Oea aecia/a?oueny a i?aaiaii? aei oe?e?niiai ?icaeyaeo
ineoio?c?ieia?/ieo iniaeeainoae ? iiaeeeainoae ethaeeie (a?oie ethaeae)
a i?ioean? aenieoaoaoe?? (AI), a oaeiae eiiieaeniiai iae?eo aieeaath/eo
/eiiee?a iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua. Aeey a?aiiii?/iiai i?aeoiaeo
oa?aeoa?ii caiice/aiiy ciaiue c ??cieo aeenoeeie?i, ui aea/athoue
ethaenueeo ae?yeuei?noue, ia’?aeiaiiy ?o a niaoeeo?/io oe?e?ni?noue.
Ia’?aeiaiiy- oea ia i?inoi noia ciaiue, aiii caaaeaee ia? aea??eiaee
oa?aeoa? ? iia’ycaia ?c ci?iith oyaeaiue ? iiiyoue, ui caiice/othoueny.
Aei nenoaie aeanoeainoae a?aiiii?/iiai i?aeoiaeo iiaeeeai a?aeianoe:
aeieia?/i?noue; iioeiaeuei?noue; eiiiaeoi?noue; ooieoe?iiaeuei?noue;
oaoiieia?/i?noue.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui AI – oea i?aeo?ae nioe?aeueiee. I?aaeiaoii
a?aiiii?/iiai aiae?co ? ae?yeuei?noue ??cieo nioe?aeueieo a?oi a AN. AI
aacnoii?aii aeecueeee aei iaoiae?a, ui ?icaeaathoueny a aeieia??
ia?aaeon?i nai?th oi?aa?naeuei?noth, aeeaieei ona?aeiieaiiyi
iaiao?aeiino? iae?eo a eiioeaiooaeueieo iiaoaeiaao aenieiai nooiaiy
aca?iica’yceo (aca?iicaeaaeiino?) ??cieo eiiiiiaio?a o ?aieao nenoaie
“ethaeeia (ianaeaiiy) – na?aaeiaeua” (E-N). AI iaaea? ?noioia cia/aiiy
ca’yceo ethaeeie (a?oi ethaeae) c i?noeai, i?inoi?ii ??
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?, a?i-, ineoio?c?ieia?/ii? ? nioe?aeueii? aeoeaiino?.
Iiiyooy “i?noey” ia? ia o?eueee aaia?ao?/ia, aea ? ae?yeuei?nia cia/aiiy
a IIN. Ii/aoeiaei i?eioeeiii AI ? ae?aeaeoe/ia ?icoi?iiy
noa’?eoeaii-ia’?eoeaieo a?aeiinei nioe?aeueiiai i?aai?cio ? na?aaeiaeua
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?. Ie aaea aa/eee, aei yeeo iaaaoeaieo iane?aee?a
aaaea o?eueee ia’?eoeaiee i?aeo?ae aei oi?ioaaiiy i?nueeiai na?aaeiaeua.
Ca?aene ? caeiiii??ii aeine?aeaeo?oueny i?iaeaia “ethaeeia (noa’?eo
ae?yeueiino?) – (na?aaeiaeua eiai iaoeaiiy)”. Ae?enii, a i?nueeiio
(ooo/iiio) na?aaeiaeu? ethaeeia i?aeoe/ii iiai?noth cae?enith? an?
i?ioeane aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?. O ca’yceo c oeei ei?enii ?icaeyaeaoe
aeieiai-a?aiiii?/iee ?aeo?n i?iaeaie. ?o oe?e?ni?noue, aioo??oiy
aca?iicaeaaei?noue iaaiith i??ith ni?ey? ?icoi?iith i?e?iaee ye nenoaie:
i?e aoaeue-ye?e ?noioi?e ci?i? iaeiiai c aeaiaio?a iaieio/a
ci?iththoueny e ?io?; ci?ith?oueny any nenoaia acaaae?. Ia?aoai?aiiy
i?e?iaeii? a ooo/io IIN ? iaeia c noi??i ?noi?e/ii aacia?a?aii?
aaeaioeaii-aaeaiooth/i? ae?yeueiino? noni?euenoaa (A.Ia?ea?yi, 1972).
I?yea ae?iaieoeoai, yeui iiaeeaeoeny ia iueiai a ?noi?e/iiio aniaeo?, ia
? aeey noni?euenoaa naiioe?eeth. Aiii iieeeeaii aeeiioaaoe a iueiio ye
naiii?aai?coth/?e nenoai? aaeaioeai? ooieoe??. Eeth/iaith eaoaai???th,
ui oa?aeoa?eco? aaeaioeaio ae?yeuei?noue ethaeae, ? iiiyooy eoeueoo?iiai
cia/aiiy. Caaaeyee eiai ?icaeoeo aaeaioeaii-aaeaiooth/a ae?yeuei?noue
ethaeeie iaaoaa? oi?aa?naeueiiai oa?aeoa?o. I?i oea na?ae/eoue
??ciiiai?oi?noue ?noi?e/ii noai?aieo eoeueoo?, ui aeicaieeee ?aeeiiio
a?ieia?/iiio aeaeo Iimo sapiens inai?oe a i?e?iae? aaee/acia /enei
aeieia?/ieo i?o. Aeaeaei ia eiaeiee eiie?aoiee can?a aaeaioaoe??
nioe?aeueiiai noa’?eoa aei na?aaeiaeua ? iioeiaeueiei. Oae a aoaeue-ye?e
neooaoe?? iiaeia iai?oeoe oe?ieee niaeo? ??cieo iiaeeeainoae aaeaioaoe??
aei na?aaeiaeua, ii/eiath/e c i?aeo?eiee ?nioaaiiy nenoaie a noai?,
aeecueeiio aei iioeiaeueiiai, e?i/ath/e iaaeoth/ei c ?? cieuaiiyi. sse
aa/eii, iiiyooy “aaeaioeai?noue” ? “iioeiaeuei?noue” ia iathoue iaeiiai
cia/aiiy. Ia?aoo?, aeey ian iniaeeai aaaeeeai, ui a?aiiii?/ia eoeueoo?a
(ye eoeueoo?a aca?iiae?? a ?aieao nenoaie ” E-N”) ?, ca A.Ia?ea?yiii,
niiniaii aca?iiae?? noni?euenoaa ia o?eueee c i?e?iaeith, aea ? c
nioe?aeueii-?noi?e/iei na?aaeiaeuai.
A?aeiii, ui a?o?oaeoi? /a?ia? nai? oe?ii?ni? e?eoa???-
?aoe?iiaeuei?noue, eiiiaeoi?noue, ooieoe?iiaeuei?noue oa ?io. a na?o?
i?e?iaee. Nueiaiaei? aeey iueiai caaaeaiiy aoaea ia?aaoaaoe a noai?aii?
oaeeo iioeiaeueieo a?o?oaeoo?ii-a?aiiii?/ieo nenoai oeio
“E(ianaeaiiy)-N”, ye? a aeicaieyee noai?thaaoe aa?iii?eia na?aaeiaeua
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie. Oi?iaeueii a?o?oaeoo?ia i?iaeooaaiiy (AI) ?
i?ioeanii noai?aiiy neeaaeieo ooo/ieo nenoai. A oiiaao neeaaeii?
i?noi-aeieia?/ii? neooaoe?? oe? ooo/i? ooai?aiiy iiaeii? i?iaeooaaoeny
oae, uia iaeneiaeueii caa?aaoe iiaeeeaino? “aaeainoaaiiy”
a?o?oaeoo?ii-a?aiiii?/ieo nenoai c “aeaiiaeinenoaiaie” (A.Eaa?ee,
I.Aeueii?i, 1979). Ia caaaeath/e ia oa, ui “ii?oieia?y”
a?o?oaeoo?ii-i?noiaoae?aieo no?oeoo? ?oeioai?ia ? aoaeo?oueny aiia ia
i?aenoaa? i?e?iaeieo caeii?a, oeae i?eioeei aca?iica’yceo ciaiiy i?i
i?e?iaeia ? ooo/ia ni?aaaaeeeaee ? aeey a?o?oaeoo?ii-a?aiiii?/ii? noa?e
i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino?. Oiio a?i ia? caaaeueiiiaoeiaee oa?aeoa?.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui a ?aieao a?aiiii?/iiai i?aeoiaeo aoaeue-yea nioe?aeueia
yaeua ?icaeyaea?oueny o an?e iiaiio? eiai iiceoeaieo ? iaaaoeaieo
aniaeo?a. C ?nioth/i? IAN aeeeth/athoueny “i?/eei?” na?aaeiaeua ?
“ii?iaei?” i?inoi?e, ine?eueee an? aiie iani?aaae? aa?ooue o/anoue o
ooieoe?iiaeueieo i?ioeanao. AI oyae?? aei iiaeaethaaiiy oa ?io. iaoiaeai
a?aoiaiae?oe/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy, ui ni?eythoue iaea?eueo iiaiiio iae?eo
? aecia/aiith nenoaie “E-N”. O ?iaio? iiaeaiee aiae?c iao?aaeeoe?eieo
i?aeoiae?a, oa?aeoa?ieo aeey aaia?ao?/ieo, nioe?ieia?/ieo ?
ineoieia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue, iia’ycaieo c i?inoi?iaith i?aai?caoe??th
na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie, c oei, uia a?eueo /?oe?o
ie?aneeoe eiei yaeu, ui ?icaeyaeathoueny iaie. Anoaiiaeaii, ui iaea?eueo
aeaai? o?aaeeoe?? a aeine?aeaeaii? i?inoi?iaeo oaiiiai?a aacnoii?aii
ia? aaia?ao?y. C iaoith i?iaeaiaoeeith a?eueoa
iia’ycai? coneeey iaeiiai c iiaeo iai?yi?a aaia?ao?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue,
o.i. nioe?aeueii-aaia?ao?/iiai i?aeoiaeo (?aeoa?e?, 1979; Aa?aao, 1986
oa ?io.), a?o?oaeoo?iiai (Ee?eeeiaa, 1978; Iaaae, 1981; O?aaoaia, 1981
oa ?io.). I?iaeaiaie i?e oaeiio i?aeoiae? ? aeinyaiaiiy a?coaeueii?
i?eaaaeeaino? aoaeia, ?o ae?aci?noue, ni?aianooaai?noue. Oi/ oaea
oi/ea ci?o iiaea aeaeyaeaoe a?eueo aai iaio
“aio?iiioeaio?e/iith”, noa?a canoinoaaiiy ?? ?acoeueoao?a ana ae
aeineoue iaiaaeaia. Ia i?aenoaa? aiae?co AI iiaeia c?iaeoe aeniiaie i?i
oa, ui oae? na?aaeiaeui? no?oeoo?e aeia?a aeaeyaeathoue, aea i?aeoe/ii
i?/iai ia iiaeia neacaoe i?i oa, ye a ieo cae?enith?oueny
aeeoo?ae?yeuei?noue ethaeeie, /e a?aeiia?aeathoue aiie a?aiiii?/iei
aeiiaai.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui c oi/ee ci?o nioe?aeueii? aaia?ao?? ? nioe?ieia??
“i?inoi?iaa no?oeoo?a a?o?oaeoo?iiai na?aaeiaeua” – oea eieae?caoe?y ?
aca?iii?iieeiaiiy iniiaieo i?noeue aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie a
aeayeiio a?aae?. Aeey oai??? a?o?oaeoo?e oey i?inoi?iaa “aoaeiaa”
aaciina?aaeiueiai, a?coaeueii ioiiethth/iai ioi/aiiy ethaeeie eiai
aoaeeiee, aeai?e, aoeeoe?. An?i aeuacacia/aiei i?aeoiaeai aeanoeaa ua
iaeia iniaeea?noue: ethaeeia a ieo noi?oue ia?aae aaea “aioiaeie”
na?aaeiaeuieie no?oeoo?aie (ia?anoaath/enue o ieo, ni?eeiath/e ?
ioe?ithth/e ?o). I?aaenoaaey?oueny, ui aeiaeai ?c ?nioth/eo i?aeoiae?a
ia??cii ia ciiaea aeeiiaoe nioe?aeueia caiiaeaiiy a?aeiinii oi?ioaaiiy
eiioi?oiiai na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie. Iio??aiee
i?aeaeenoeeie?ia?iee i?aeo?ae, a ?aieao yeiai oe?eeii iaeiicia/ii
noiyoue caaea/? ? ia?aae a?o?oaeoo?iith iaoeith.
sseee aea iioaioe?ae no/anii? ineoieia??, ineoio?c?ieia??, aio?iiiiao???
oa ?io. iaoe, c yeeo, aeania, ? aeieeea a?aiiii?ea? sse iieacaa
i?iaaaeaiee aiae?c, iioaioe?ae iiee ia aeoaea aaeeeee, oi/ c e?ioey
60-o ??. ineoieiae, ineoio?c?ieiae, a?a??i?noe ? i?aaenoaaieee ?ioeo
aeenoeeie?i o anueiio na?o? noaee aeeth/aoeny a aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeai
ooo/iiai na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie. O oie aea /an
noi?ioaaany niaoe?aeueiee iai?yi aeine?aeaeaiiy – “ineoieia?y
na?aaeiaeua” (environmental psychology). Ci?no inoaiiueiai caiaeeoueny
aei i?aaiaiiy aeeth/eoe a noa?o ineoieia?/iiai aiae?co aeanoeaino? ?
oa?aeoa?enoeee ioi/oth/iai ethaeeio o?ce/iiai (ooo/iiai) na?aaeiaeua, c
yeei ethaeeia aca?iiae??.
C?icoi?eo, oaeei /eiii, ?ieue aeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aeia?a
aeiiiaiththoue ? ?icaeyioo? aeua i?aeoiaee ?yaeo aeenoeeie?i o aeai?e
aaeoc?. O oeueiio aniaeo? a?aiiii?/iee i?aeo?ae iiaea aenooieoe ? naiai
?iaeo ?ioaa?aoi?ii i?aeaeenoeeie?ia?ieo aeine?aeaeaiue c iaoith
oi?ioaaiiy eiioi?oiiai na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie.
INIIAE A?O?OAEOO?II? A?AIIII?EE.
O ?iaio? iieacaii, ui iaoiaeieia?/io iiaoaeiao iaoee a?o?oaeoo?ii?
a?aiiii?ee (AA) iaiao?aeii ii/eiaoe c aecia/aiiy ?? iniiaieo iaoeiaeo
eaoaai??e, ui i?noeoue o nia? aaea ?nioth/? iaoeia? oyaeaiiy i?i oeae
aeae ae?yeueiino?. Oaeee i?aeo?ae aeiaaa? iiaeaeueoiai caaaeaiiy ??cieo
iaoeiaeo oyaeaiue i?i (AA) a ?aeeia eaoaai??aeueia oyaeaiiy, ui iiaea
aooe cae?eniaii iaoiaeii eiio?ao?oaaiiy (?.Aeaoaa?a, A. THae?i,
A.Naaeianueeee, 1969). Iaoiae eiio?ao?oaaiiy canoiniao?oueny a oae?e
i?ciaaaeuei?e neooaoe??, eiee aeieea? iaiao?aei?noue neioacoaaoe a
?aeei?e eiio?ao?aoi?i?e iiaeae? iaeiinoi?iii? oai?aoe/i? oyaeaiiy i?i
ia’?eo ? aeaoe iaa?oiooaaiiy eiaeiiio c ieo ye iniaeeaiio “c??co”,
iniaeea?e ieiuei? ?icaeyaeo ia’?eoa. A?aeiia?aeii aei onoaiiaee
aeae?eythoueny o?e iniiai? ieiueie iaoeiaiai ?icaeyaeo oe??? ae?eniino?:
1.Oai??y iaoeiai? i?aai?caoe?? i?aoe? (III), ui oi?io?oueny ia aac?
no/anii? nioe?ieia??, nioe?aeueiiai oi?aae?iiy ? e?aa?iaoeee ? ui aea/a?
oi?aae?iiy ? iioeiaeueio i?aai?caoe?th nioe?aeueieie ia’?eoaie ia an?o
??aiyo noni?eueiiai i?aai?cio (I.Ia?eia, 1978).
2.Oai??y a?o?oaeoo?iiai i?iaeooaaiiy (AI), ui aea/a? ethaenueeo
ae?yeuei?noue, iia’ycaio c ia?aoai?aiiyi iaaeieeoiuei? ?aaeueiino?
a?aeiia?aeii aei aeayeiai ?aeaaeo, ca aeiiiiiaith noai?aiiy i?iaeoieo
iiaeaeae (I.?aiiiii?o, 1974).
3. Oai??y a?aiiii?/iiai i?iaeooaaiiy (AI) aeae i?iaeoii? ae?yeueiino?,
ni?yiiaaii? ia oi?ioaaiiy oaeeo a?aiiii?/ieo aeanoeainoae
nenoaie “E (ianaeaiiy)-N”, ye? caaacia/eee a ?? iioeiaeueia
ooieoe?iioaaiiy c iaiao?aeiith aai iaeneiaeueii iiaeeeaith ye?noth i?e
i?i?iaeuei?e aai aeiionoei?e aeo?ao? ethaenueeeo ?ano?n?a.
Ei?ioeee ?icaeyae iaoeiaiai inieneaiiy AI a oai??? i?iaeooaaiiy iieaco?,
ui aiii i?iaiaeeeiny o a?aeiia?aei?e eaoaai??aeueii-iiiyo?ei?e nenoai?,
yeo ooai?ththoue oae? iiiyooy ye “i?iaeooaaiiy nioe?aeueii-ii?oieia?/ieo
nenoai”, “i?iaeoiee iaoai?ci nioe?aeueiiai oi?aae?iiy”, “i?iaeoia
oi?aae?iiy ae?yeuei?noth” oa ?io. I?e i?iaeooaaii?
nioe?aeueii-ii?oieia?/ieo nenoai ie noeea?iiny c iaiao?aei?noth
noai?aiiy iiaeo aeae?a i?iaeooaaiiy, iaeiei c yeeo ? a?aiiii?/ia.
O ?iaio? ?icaeyioo? ?nioth/? i?aeoiaee aei iaoeiai? oyae AI, ye? ? a
oai??? AA, ui ua o?eueee neeaaea?oueny, oa nie?a?oueny, a iniiaiiio, ia
a?aiiii?/ia aeine?aeaeaiiy ? iiaeaethaaiiy, ? ? eiiiiiaioii caaaeueiiai
i?iaeooaaiiy ia’?eo?a, oaoi?ee (ae?ia?a) ? oaoiieia?/ieo i?ioean?a. AI
yaey? niaith noeoii?noue ?ia?o, ni?yiiaaieo ia aeinyaiaiiy aenieeo
a?aiiii?/ieo aeanoeainoae ? yeinoae ia’?eoa, ui i?iaeoo?oueny, a oaeiae
cania?a oi?ioaaiiy ? i?aeo?eiee iaiao?aeii? eaae?o?eaoe?? ?
i?aoeacaeaoiino? oao?aoe?a, ui aenieoaoothoue aai ianeoaiaothoue oeae
ia’?eo.
O ?iaio? iieacaii, ui a?aiiii?/i? aeanoeaino?, coiiaeai? ineoieia?/ieie,
o?c?ieia?/ieie ? aio?iiieia?/ieie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie ethaeeie ?
caaacia/othoue iaiao?aeio ye?noue aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? i?e iioeiaeueieo
oiiaao ?? cae?eniaiiy o an?o i?ioeanao: i?e aenieoaoaoe?? ia’?eo?a
(aeei?enoaii? ca i?ecia/aiiyi, ianeoaiaoaaii?, ?aiiio? ? o.ae.), i?e
aeaioiaeaii? (cae?aii?, ?icae?aii? ? o.ae.), a oaeiae i?e iaa/aii? oa
inai?ii?. C oeueiai aeoiaeeoue, ui i?aaeiaoii AI ia’?eo?a (ae?ia?a) ?
oaoiieia?/ieo i?ioean?a ?, aeania, nai i?ioean, caniae ? oiiae
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie (a?oi ethaeae), ye? aaciina?aaeiuei
ooieoe?iiothoue a oeeo ia’?eoao. O oeueiio ieai? i?ioean
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? yaey? niaith eia?/ii coiiaeaio, ?icai?iooo o /an? ?
i?inoi?? noeoii?noue ae?e, ui aaaeooue aei aeinyaiaiiy aieiaii? iaoe
ae?yeueiino? – oi?ioaaiiy eiioi?oiiai na?aaeiaeua. I?ae caniaaie
ae?yeueiino? ?icoi?thoueny aioo??oi? (ia?acii-eiioeaiooaeueia iiaeaeue)
? ciai?oi? (?ioi?iaoe?ei? iiaeae?, iaeaaeiaiiy, i?aaie oi?aae?iiy ?
o.i.). Oiiae aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? yaeythoue niaith eiiieaen o?ce/ieo,
o?i?/ieo, a?ieia?/ieo, ineoio?c?ieia?/ieo ? aio?iiiiao?e/ieo /eiiee?a ?
ia?aiao??a na?aaeiaeua, a oaeiae ineoieia?y ? ineoio?c?ieia?y aca?iiae??
a eieaeoea?, ui ?noioii aieeaathoue ia oi?ioaaiiy eiioi?oiiai
na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeae.
O ?iaio? iieacaii, ui o?aaeeoe?ei? iiaeae? i?iaeooaaiiy aoaeoaaeeny o
eia?/iiio iie?, ui ia ia? iao?eee aai yeiai-iaaoaeue iaia?aaecaaeaiiai
i?inoi?o. Oe? aeanoeaino? iiaeaeae ? aeathoue iiaeeea?noue o?enoaaoe
ianooaae iioe?aiiy ae?yeueiino? ? i?iaanoe a?aeiia?aei? iaae? ??
aeniain??. Aeey iicia/aiiy iaae a?o?oaeoo?ii-a?aiiii?/ii? ae?yeueiino?
iio??ai? ii/aoeia? iiaeae?, caeaoi? iienoaaoe aeenoaioe??, ciie
eiioi?eaoe?e, iaoo, can?a, iia?aoe?th ? o.i.
O ?iaio? anoaiiaeaii, ui i?iaeaio iaae a?o?oaeoo?ii? a?aiiii?ee
aeioe?eueii ?icaeyaeaoe noiniaii ??cieo oei?a nenoai i?iaeooaaiiy,
a?aei?iieo ca nai?ie ia’?eoaie. sse oae? ?icaeyiooi ii?oieia?/ia
i?iaeooaaiiy, aai i?iaeooaaiiy a ?aieao iiaeae?
“ethaeeia-i?aaeiao”(E-I), “E-AI-N”, “ethaeeia-aeinenoaia”(E-AN).
??ciee ??aaiue ???a?o?? iiaeaeae nenoai iathoue a?aeiia?aeio i?ici??noue
iaae. Iaae?, iai?eeeaae, i?iaeoii? ae?yeueiino? a oaeiio oei? nenoaie,
ye “E-N”, iaio yni?, i?ae iaae? a nenoai? “E-I”. O ca’yceo c oeei
i?iaeo nioe?aeueii-a?aiiii?/ii? nenoaie ? i?iaeo ?? ?aae?caoe?? i?eiee
ia iiaea aeinyaiooe iiaiioe i?iaeoo ?a/?, a ieo caaaeaee ? a?aee?eo?
iiaeeeaino?.
O ?iaio? iieacaii, ui iaae? i?iaeoii? ae?yeueiino? a?o?oaeoo?ii?
a?aiiii?ee – nooue ana ae ia iaaea i?iaeooaaiiy ye aeayei?
oi?aa?naeueii? noa?e, a iaaea i?iaeooaaiiy a eiie?aoieo i?iaeoieo
neooaoe?yo. sseui ia?aeoe a?ae ?icaeyaeo iaae ??cieo i?iaeoieo neooaoe?e
? iaa?oue ?o oei?a aei niinia?a iaiaaeaiiy noa?, oi iaiao?aeii
cacia/eoe, ui iaae? noa?e a?aiiii?/ii? ae?yeueiino? ? “? i o a a ? a e”
an?o noi?nieo neooaoe?e o i?iaeooaaii?, ?, a oie aea /an, iaae? noa?e
i?iaeooaaiiy ia ni?aiaaeathoue c iaaeaie ie?aieo i?iaeo?a.
?noi?e/ii neeaeiny, ui ciaiiy ? iaae/ee a?o?oaeoi?a a iniiaiiio
i???ioiaai? ia i?iaeooaaiiy AI. Ne?aeoth/e a ?one? o?aaeeoe?eii?
a?o?oaeoo?ii? i?aeoeee a?o?oaeoi? caaaeaee i?iaeooaaa, i?inoi?iai
i?aai?ciaoaaa, aeaei?oaaa iaoa??aeuei? ia’?eoe: aoae?ae?, nii?oaee,
oa?eoi???, ?a/? ? o.i. C ?ioaineaiei ?icaeoeii nenoaiiiai, eiiieaeniiai
oa ?io. iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiiy a noa?? a?o?oaeoo?ii-i?noiaoae?aii?
ae?yeueiino? oai??y ia’?eoa AI iaaoaa? iiaiai ci?noo.
A?aeiia?aeii aei nenoaiii? i???ioaoe?? AI ?icaeyaea?oueny ia ye
a?aeiniaeaia a nai?e oe?e?niino? iaeeieoey ?aaeueiiai na?oo, yea
canoeaea a ?icaeoeo, a ye nenoaia, ui ia? naith aioo??oith no?oeoo?o ? a
oie aea /an ? aeaiaioii yei?nue ciai?oiuei?, a?eueoi? ca aaeeeo ?
neeaaeio aeinenoaio. O oe?e neooaoe?? iaae? ia’?eoa i?iaeooaaiiy ia/a
?icieaathoueny: a?o?oaeoi? i?iaeoo? aaea ia i?inoi nii?oaeo, a oi?io?
IIN aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie o anueiio aaaaonoa? ?? ??cieo aniaeo?a.
Aei inoaiiueiai /ano aiaeia?/ia neooaoe?y c aecia/aiiyi i?aaeiaoa
aeine?aeaeaiiy ?, a?aeiia?aeii, iaae noa?e ae?yeueiino? niinoa??aaeany ?
a caaaeuei?e a?aiiii?oe?. Aeniain?ii?ci a?aiiii?ee, ui ae?aaea?oueny a
caoiieaii? c ?ioeo, ia?aaeon?i noi?aeieo, iaeanoae ciaiiue, iaa
ia?aaaaeath/a cia/aiiy. Oea ? iaeeaaeaei nai???aeiee a?aeaeoie ia
i?eioeeie ni?ai?aoe? aeaio aeenoeeie?i.
O ?iaio? aeine?aeaeai? ia’?eoi? ? i?aaeiaoi? aniaeoe noa?e i?ioan?eii?
ae?yeueiino? aeaio aeenoeeie?i. Ii-ia?oa, ia’?eoia ?aei?noue.
A?o?oaeoo?a ? a?aiiii?ea iathoue ni?aao c iaeiei ? oei aea ia’?eoii
nenoaiiiai i?iaeooaaiiy. Oaeei ia’?eoii ? aeeoo?ae?yeuei?noue ethaeeie a
i?aaeiaoii-i?inoi?iaiio na?o? a ?aieao nenoaie “E-N”. Oea aeoiaeeoue ?
c aecia/aiiy noo? aoaeue-yeiai AI ye noa?e aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie
(a?oi ethaeae). Ooo “noa?a” (i?aai?ciaaiee a?o?oaeoi?ii i?ino??) ?
“aeeoo?ae?yeuei?noue”, oiaoi aeeoo?a? i?ioeane ui a?aeaoaathoueny a
aeai?e noa??, aenooiathoue a ia’?aeiaiiio aecia/aii?. Aea ci?noiai?
aniaeoe aeaio aeenoeeie?i, c?icoi?ei, ??ci?.
I?aaeiaoii AI ? iiaeaethaaiiy i?ioean?a aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie a
IIN, i?aaeiaoii aea a?o?oaeoo?iiai i?iaeooaaiiy – IIN, a yeiio
cae?eniththoueny i?ioeane aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie. A?o?oaeoo?ia
nii?oaea i?aai?co? niaith ia o?eueee i?ino??, aea oaeiae i?aai?co? aai
aeaci?aai?co? ? /an i?ioiaeaeaiiy aeeoo?aeo i?ioean?a ethaeeie,
noni?euenoaa.
Oaeei /eiii, a?aiiii?no o cia/i?e i??? ia? ni?aao c oei/aniaei aniaeoii,
a a?o?oaeoi? c i?inoi?iai-/aniaei. ? oie, ? ?ioee iathoue ni?aao c
iaoa??aeueieie ia’?eoaie ? ae?yie. Ii-ae?oaa, ?aea? eiiieaeniiai ?
nenoaiiiai i?aeoiae?a cia/iith i??ith aecia/athoue aaaaoi c yeeo
ii/aoeiaeo onoaiiae ? oai?aoe/i? iieiaeaiiy a?o?oaeoo?e ? a?aiiii?ee.
Ia??aeei oe? aeaa i?aeoiaee ? aecia/aeuei? ?o iiiyooy aeei?enoiaothoueny
ye neiii?ie. Iaeiae, iiiyooy eiiieaeniino? aaeeaathoue, cacae/ae, i?e
iaaiai?aii? i?aai?caoe?eii? noi?iie nenoaiieo aeine?aeaeaiue.
O ?iaio? iieacaii, ui a oiiaao ?ioaineaiiai ?icaeoeo ?ioi?iaoe?eieo
iioie?a iineeththoueny, noathoue ana a?eueo ??ciiiai?oieie aca?iica’ycee
i?ae ??cieie noa?aie ethaenueei? ae?yeueiino?. Oiio i?aeo?ae aei
?ica’ycaiiy iaeaaaeeea?oeo i?iaeai noni?euenoaa ia iiaea aooe /enoi
a?aiiii?/iei aai /enoi oaoi?/iei, oi?eaoeny o?eueee iaoeiai? aai
eoeueoo?ii? noa?e, a?i iiaeiai iineoe aaaaoinoi?iii?e nenoaiiee
oa?aeoa?.
Oey nenoaii?noue a?aeaeaa?oueny, o aeiiaao, ui i?aae’yaeythoueny aei
iaoiaeieia?? iaoeiaiai aiae?co, oeyo?a ? niinia?a ?o ae??oaiiy.
Caa?iaiith aei nenoaiieo iaoiae?a ni?eyea neooaoe?y, ui neeaeany a
a?o?oaeoo?? – c?inoath/a iie?ooieoe?iiaeuei?noue AI, neeaaei?noue iae?eo
?icia?ooy aieeaath/eo /eiiee?a iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua ia ethaeeio.
Ni?eya oeueiio ? eiiieaeniee i?aeo?ae aei ia’?eoa a?o?oaeoo?iiai
i?iaeooaaiiy, ui neeaany ia aenieiio ??ai? i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino?.
O ?iaio? anoaiiaeaii, ui nenoaiiee i?aeo?ae aei caaaeaiue a?o?oaeoo?iiai
i?iaeooaaiiy – niaoeeo?/ia iaaea no/anii? a?o?oaeoo?ii-a?aiiii?/ii?
ae?yeueiino?, oea i?aaiaiiy aei oe?e?niiai ?icaeyaeo nenoaie “E-N”,
nenoaiii-aeeiai?/iee iiaeyae ia ?o no?oeoo?o, aeeth/aiiy ae?yeueiino?
ethaeeie a i?aaeiao iaoeiaiai ?icaeyaeo, oaiaeaioe?y aei iaoeiaiai
neioaco i?aeaeenoeeie?ia?ieo aeine?aeaeaiue.
Oae? caaaeuei? i?aaeiaoii-oe?ii?ni? onoaiiaee, ui no?oeoo?othoue
oyaeaiiy i?i ci?noiai? aniaeoe aeaio aeenoeeie?i. Aeey eiino?othaaiiy
iaoeiai? aeenoeeie?ie a?o?oaeoo?ii? a?aiiii?ee ye nenoaie iai iaiao?aeii
ia ??ai? aeine?aeieoeueeeo i?ioeaaeo? iiaoaeoaaoe ia?eo ? i?aaeiao, a
yeeo aoaeoeaii ii?aeioaaeeny a oyaeaiiy i?i ?aei?noue iaoeiai? ?
i?aeoe/ii? ae?yeueiino?, aeaiiino?oaaeeny a iniiai? iaoai?cie, ui
caaacia/othoue a?aeiinio aaoiiiii?noue aeenoeeie?ie ye oe?e?niiai
oi?ioaaiiy ? iaeii/anii ?? i?aai?/iee ca’ycie c ?ioeie iaoeaie. Iaeiei c
?noioieo iiiaio?a aeaiiai aniaeoo, ye aoei iieacaii ?ai?oa, ? aiae?c
aca?iinoinoie?a i?ae aeenoeeie?iaie, ? ui oe? aca?iinoinoiee iathoue
i?noea ia ??cieo ??aiyo aeenoeeie?ia?ii? i?aai?caoe?? iaoeiai?
ae?yeueiino?.
O ?iaio? iieacaii, ui a oeaio?? aeaii? i?iaeaiaoeee noi?oue ieoaiiy i?i
oei ?ioaa?aoe?? a?o?oaeoo?ii-a?aiiii?/iiai ciaiiy a caaaeueieo oai??yo
i?eeeaaeieo a?o?oaeoo?ieo aeenoeeie?i. O ca’yceo c oeei aeaea?oueny
aaeueie ?noioiei oa ?ic??ciaiiy iiiyoue i?aaeiaoa ? ia’?eoa
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ye? a inoaii? ?iee i?oeii caoaa?aeeeeny a eia?oe? ?
iaoiaeieia?? iaoeiaiai i?ciaiiy ? ii/eiathoue ana oe?oa
aeei?enoiaoaaoeny a ?ioeo iaoeao. Ca?aeii I.N?/eaeoe? i?ae ia’?eoii
?icoi??oueny aeayea yaeua ae?eniino? (nenoaia, i?ioean oa ?io.), acyoa
o an?e nai?e aaaaoia?aiiino? ? iiaiio?. Ui ae aei i?aaeiaoa
aeine?aeaeaiiy iaoee, oi iei iaceaa?oueny iaaia noi?iia (aai “c??c”
neeaaeiiai ia’?eoa, aeae?eaiiy c iueiai ca aeiiiiiaith iiaieo iaaeaaiue
aeaii? iaoee ? yeee i?aeeyaa? aea/aiith iaoiaeaie, ye?
aeei?enoiaothoueny a iueiio ). Ioaea, a iaeiiio ? oiio ae ia’?eo? iiaea
aooe aeae?eaia oe?ea iecea i?aaeiao?a, i?e/iio ia o?eueee /?oei
a?aeiaaeiaaieo, aea /anoi ? ia?an?/ieo. Aiae?c neeaaeieo ?ioaa?aoeaieo
ooai?aiue oeio a?o?oaeoo?ii? a?aiiii?ee iieaco?, ui a i?ioean?
aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeia aeae?eeoe aeaa iniiaieo oeie ?ioaa?aoe?? ciaiiy:
a) ca ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy; a) ca i?aaeiaoii aeine?aeaeaiiy.
?ioaa?aoe?y ca i?aaeiaoii cae?enith?oueny a caaaeueieo oai??yo aai o
aeecueeeo aei ieo ca nai?i oa?aeoa?ii iiaoaeiaao. Nooue cae?enithaaii? a
?aieao caaaeueii? oai??? ?ioaa?aoe?? ca i?aaeiaoii iieyaa? a oiio, ui
aeinyaa?oueny ?aei?noue iieno ? iiyniaiiy aeayeeo noi??i yaeu
iae??ciiiai?oi?oi? i?e?iaee. Oae, iai?eeeaae, i?iaeaia eiioi?oiino?
aeeoea aea? a?aeiinii oe?e?nio ea?oeio noaio na?aaeiaeua
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie, ia caaaeath/e ia oa, ui aiia iiaea
?icaeyaeaoeny c o.c. nai?oa?ii-a?a??i?/ii?, ineoio?c?ieia?/ii?, a oaeiae
i?noi-aeieia?/ii? aai a?aiiii?/ii? i?iaeaiaoee. Oae naii a oa?i?iao
caaaeueii? oai??? nenoai aeinyaa?oueny ?aei?noue iieno ia’?eo?a ??cii?
i?e?iaee – a?ae eieaeueieo nenoai oeio “ethaeeia-i?aaeiao” aei
aeiaaeueieo – “ethaeeia (ianaeaiiy) – aeinenoaia” (aeaiiaeinenoaia ca A.
? .Eaa?eeii, I.I.Aeueii?iei). Iiaeia neacaoe, ui caaaeyee ?ioaa?aoe??
ca i?aaeiaoii an? iiaeeea? ie?ai? “a?aeaeoee” ??ciiiai?oieo ia’?eo?a
(c?icoi?ei, c?iaeai? c iaeiiai iaaiiai ?o aieo) ia’?aeiothoueny a ?aeeio
ea?oeio, aaeaeaaoio ii a?aeiioaiith aei eiaeiiai c ieo.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaei, ui aiane?aeie oaei? ?ioaa?aoe??
cae?enith?oueny eiioeaio?aoe?y a?aiiii?/ieo ciaiue i?i aace?/
a?o?oaeoo?ieo i?iaeai a ?aeeio nenoaio ciaiue. O i?ioean? oaeiai ?iaeo
?ioaa?aoe?? iien aeae?eaieo i?iaeai ??ciiye?nieo ia’?eo?a
cae?enith?oueny ca aeiiiiiaith aeayei? ?aeeii?, oi?o?eiaaii? iiae –
eiioi?eaoe??. O ni?eeoaaii? oao?aoe?a, oea aaaea, ii-ia?oa, aei
ciaioaiiy ??ciiiai?oiino? oa?i?i?a, ye? canoiniaothoueny (a, ioaea,
ni?yiiao? oi?ioaaiiy iiiyo?eiiai-oa?i?iieia?/iiai aia?aoo iaoee ia oeyo
i?i?i?ciaaii? neeaaeiino?). Ii-ae?oaa, oaea ?ioa?aeenoeeie?ia?ia iiaa
noa? caaaeueiith aeey i?aaenoaaiee?a ??ciiiai?oieo aaeocae ciaiue ? oei
naiei cia/ii iieaaoo? ni?ai?aoeth a/aieo ? a i?ioean? aeine?aeieoeueei?
ae?yeueiino?, ? a i?ioean? ioi?ieaiiy ?? ?acoeueoao?a.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui aeey no/aniiai noeeth ieneaiiy a iaooe? oa?aeoa?ia
i???ioaoe?y ia ?ic?iaeo caaaeueieo ? ie?aieo oyaeaiue i?i neeaaei?
ea?iaai? nenoaie, ?o aoaeiao, aaiethoe?th. Oae, iai?eeeaae, ?icaeyiooa
aaeocue a?ieia??, yea ia’?aeio? a nia? oai??th aaiethoe??, aaiaoeeo,
iieaeoey?io a?ieia?th, aeieia?th, a?ioeaiieia?th, aeei?enoiaoth/e
eia?ei-iaoaiaoe/i? niiniae ia?iaee oaeoe/iiai iaoa??aeo i?e ia?aoiae?
a?ae oeiieia?/iiai ieneaiiy aei iiioeyoe?eiii-noaoenoe/iiai ? ?ic?iaoe?
iniia oi?aae?iiy ?icaeoeii a?ieia?/ieo ia’?eo?a. O?aaa cacia/eoe, ui
iaoeiaa ?ioa?i?aoaoe?y a?ieia?/ieo ia’?eo?a, ui ?icaeaathoueny, aeaia
TH.A. O?iaioeaaei o ieai? ?icaeoeo caaaeueii? oai??? nenoai. A/aiiy
i?i ?icaeoie, i?aaenoaaeaia iei o aeaeyae? iniaeeaiai ?iaeo
ia’?eoa-nenoaie, ?? noia?a/iino? ? ianoia?a/iino?, ?ciii?o?cio ?
iie?ii?o?cio ?icaeoeo ? ci?ie, ui ioe?ith?oueny ye iia? oyaeaiiy i?i
a?iaaiethoe?th. Aiie ocaaaeueiai? niaoe?aeueiei oa?i?iii
“aaiethoe?iieea” aai caaaeueia oai??y ?icaeoeo nenoai i?e?iaee,
noni?euenoaa, ieneaiiy, a yeiio cai?iiiiiaai? a/aiiy i?i ?icaeoie
nenoai.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui a?aeiniaeaiiy noa?e EI a a?o?oaeoo?ii-aoae?aaeueiiio
eiiieaen? ii/aeiny ii??aiyii iaaeaaii ? iia’ycaia c? noaiiaeaiiyi eiai
oai??? ? i?aeoeee, coiiaeaii ianooiieie iniiaieie ia?aaeoiiaaie:
1.Iac??eith noni?eueiith iio?aaith a oe?eani?yiiaaiiio ?icaeoeo an???
noa?e AI, ui caaacia/o? ?ica’ycaiiy e?oiiiianooaaieo nioe?aeueieo,
ineoio?c?ieia?/ieo, anoaoe/ieo oa ?io. i?iaeai, iia’ycaieo c
o?aooaaiiyi ethaenueeiai oaeoi?a, ? ye? a neeo iai?aeaioiaeaiino?
oao?aoe?a ia iiaee aooe ae??oai? a ?ioeo noa?ao i?iaeoii? ae?yeueiino?.
2.?nioth/ei noeo?eii-i?e?iaeiei ?icaeoeii noa?e AI, yeee noia?a/eoue
no/ani?e oaiaeaioe?? na?aeiiiai oi?ioaaiiy iiaeo eiioi?oieo noa?
ethaenueei? ae?yeueiino? ia i?aenoaa? ?o iaoeiai-iaoiaeieia?/iiai
eiino?othaaiiy.
3.Aioo??oiueith noia?a/i?noth ? iaaii?yaeeiaai?noth i?aeoiae?a aei
?ic?iaee eiie?aoieo a?o?oaeoo?ii-a?aiiii?/ieo i?iaeo?a ? ?o
iaoiaeieia?/iiai inieneaiiy, ye? iia’ycai? c oei, ui i?aoethth/? a noa??
AI oao?aoe? /anoi ?icaeyaeathoue oeae aniaeo ye iaea?eueo aaaeeeaee aai
iaa?oue ?aeeiee, c?ooiaooth/e eiai c ?ioeie ?nioth/eie oyaeaiiyie. Oaea
neooaoe?y i?eaiaeeoue aei aacoiiaii? ? caoaii? ?ico?aoe ?ioaeaeooaeueieo
nee ? ?ano?n?a o oe?e noa??, iineeth? ?? iaaecia/ai?noue ? ?icieo?noue.
4.Iaiao?aei?noth iaoeiaiai ooi/iaiiy niaoeeo?/ii? noo? AI, eiai i?noey
? i?ecia/aiiy a a?o?oaeoo??.
5.C?inoath/ith iio?aaith oi?ioaaiiy ?aeeii? iaoee a?aiiii?/iiai
i?iaeooaaiiy a?o?oaeoo?iiai na?aaeiaeua, ui aeicaiey? iaoeiai
ocaaaeueieoe aanue eiai aii??e/iee aeina?ae, aecia/eoe ia?niaeoeae eiai
?icaeoeo ? neii?aeeioaaoe iaiao?aei? iaoeia? aeine?aeaeaiiy a oe?e noa??
ae?yeueiino?.
6.Iaiao?aei?noth iino?eiiai iaoeiaiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy ? ye?niiai
iie?ioaiiy i?iaeoii? i?aeoeee, ui neeaeany oeyoii caaacia/aiiy ??
iaoeiai iaa?oioiaaieie iiaeie i?aeoiaeaie ? iaoiaeeeaie, ui
aeicaieythoue ii/aoe nenoaiaoecaoe?th ? oi?iae?caoe?th ??cieo i?ioeaaeo?
AI ? oei naiei a?aee?eaathoue iiaeeeaino? aeey iiaeaeueoiai aoaeoeaiiai
aeei?enoaiiy a iueiio cania?a ia/enethaaeueii? oaoi?ee.
Noeoii?noue caaaeaieo aeua ia?aaeoiia, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoue ?nioth/ee
noai noa?e AI, aecia/eea iaoiaeieia?/io iiceoe?th aaoi?a ii a?aeiioaiith
aei iaiao?aeiino? ?icaeoeo oeueiai i?aeoiaeo. Nooue oe??? iiceoe?? ?
iieyaa? a ii/aoeia?e onoaiiaoe? ia ?icaeoie noa?e AI “cai?e aei ieco”,
a?ae iaoee aei i?aeoeee.
O oiae? aeine?aeaeaiiy anoaiiaeaii ieceo iaoiaeieia?/ieo i?eioeei?a.
Ii-ia?oa, oea caeiie ooieoe?iioaaiiy iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiiy, ui
aeei?enoiaothoueny o aeai?e iaoeia?e aeenoeeie?i?; ii-ae?oaa, oea
caeiie, ia yeeo caniiaaia eia?ea aeaii? iaoee; ii-o?ao?, oea aeaye?
ii/aoeia? iieiaeaiiy, ui ae?aaeathoue iaaia ?icoi?iiy aeanieo caeii?a
iaoee. Iaoiaeieia?y, ioaea, oea, ia?aaeon?i, noeoii?noue ?aaeueii
ooieoe?iioth/eo o aeai?e iaoeia?e aaeoc? i?eioeei?a aeine?aeaeaiiy. O
oeueiio ?icoi?ii? aiia caeeaeo?oueny ca nai?i cia/aiiyi c iaoiaeii,
ae?aaeath/e eiai ?noioi? iaae?.
Aea i?i iaoiaeieia?th iiaeia aiai?eoe ? ye i?i iaaio nenoaio ?aeae, a
yeeo a?aeia?aaeai? aeuacaaaeai? aeaiaioe iaoiaeo iaoee. I?e oeueiio
iaoiaeieia?y ye nenoaia oai?aoe/ii ioi?ieaieo ?aeae oi?io?oueny eeoa ia
iaai?e oac? ?icaeoeo iaoee, eiee aeieea? iiaeeea?noue ?? naii?aoeaen??,
oi/, cae/aeii, ie?ai? iaoiaeieia?/i? ?aea?, i?eioeeie iiaeooue aooe
noi?ioeueiaai? ia naieo ??cieo aoaiao ?? ?icaeoeo.
O ca’yceo c oaeei iaoiaeieia?/iei i?aeoiaeii iniiaiiieiaeia cia/aiiy
aeey ?icaeoeo oe??? noa?e ia? noai?aiiy iaoee i?i
a?o?oaeoo?ii-a?aiiii?/ia i?iaeooaaiiy Oey iaoea aeiooaia oi?ioaaoeny a
neeaaeieo oiiaao, eiee ua i?aeoe/iee, iaoiaeieia?/iee ? oai?/ee aeina?ae
AI iaaaeeeee ? noia?a/eeaee. I/aaeaeii, aieiaia neeaaei?noue ooo iieyaa?
a oiio, uia anoaiiaeoe ii?yaeie ?icaeyaeo ??cieo noi??i ? aniaeo?a AI,
a?aeia?aceaoe a iueiio ana ?noioia ? iaiao?aeia, a iio?i an? io?eiai?
i?i iiai ??ciiiai?oi? ciaiiy ia’?aeiaoe a ?aieao iaei??? oai???.
I?EIOeEIE ? IAOIAeE ?ICA’ssCAIIss CAAeA* A?O?OAEOO?IITH A?AIIII?EITH
O ?iaio? anoaiiaeaii, ui i?iaeaia yeino? AN ? aieiaiith ?
aecia/aeueiith a AI. O ca’yceo c oeei, iaea?eueo ye?niei ??oaiiyi
aeyaey?oueny oa, a yeiio nioe?aeueia, ooieoe?iiaeueia,
oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ia ? anoaoe/ianoi?iie ciaoiaeyoueny a i?aai?/i?e
?aeiino?. Oea iaoiiaeth?oueny ia o?eueee iniiaiei i?ecia/aiiyi AI,
iieeeeaieo ianeoaiaoaaoe ia?aaeon?i iio?aae ethaeae, aea ? iaoiaeaie
noai?aiiynii?oae. Aecia/aia eaoaai??y yeino? c iiceoe?? a?aiiii?ee. I?e
aecia/aii? ? oi?ioaaii? e?eoa??th yeino? AI, a oea – iioeiaeuei?noue
ooieoe?iioaaiiy ? ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?ieo nenoai, iaea?eueo aoaeoeaiith
nenoaiith ? oa, i?e ye?e ?icaeaathoueny oai?/? ? aeooiai? noi?iie
ethaeeie, ?? ineoio?c?ieia?/ia o??aiiaaaeai?noue.
Aeine?aeaeaiiyi anoaiiaeaii, ui i?e i?iaeooaaii? AI a oeae /an
canoiniaothoueny ie?ai? e?eoa???. A?eueo oiai aaaaoueia oao?aoeyie
iinooethaaeany i?eioeeiiaa iaiiaeeea?noue ?nioaaiiy ?aeeiiai
“aaia?aeueiiai” e?eoa??th yeino?. O ?iaio? noi?ioeueiaaiee a?aiiii?/iee
e?eoa??e – ?ioaa?aeueiee iieaciee yeino? AI, ae?iao, oaoiieia?/iiai
i?ioeano, ui oa?aeoa?eco? i??o a?aooaaiiy a?aiiii?/ieo aeiia i?e ?o
?ic?iaoe?, noai?aii?, aenieoaoaoe?? aai ooieoe?iioaaii?. Aeaiee e?eoa??e
a?aeaeaa? ??aaiue a?aeiia?aeiino? AN iio?aaai ianaeaiiy c o.c.
eiioi?oiino? i?io?eaiiy a i?e nioe?aeueieo ? a?i -, ineoio?c?ieia?/ieo
i?ioean?a aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie.
sse?nia ioe?iea a?aiiii?/ieo aeanoeainoae AI iiaeiia ia?aaeoaaoe
e?euee?ni?e ioe?ioe?. Aiia yaey? niaith i?ioeaaeo?o aeueoa?iaoeaiiai
anoaiiaeaiiy oaeoo iayaiino? aai a?aenooiino? o??? /e ?ioi? a?aiiii?/ii?
aeanoeaino?. sse?nia ioe?iea cae?enith?oueny a ianooii?e iine?aeiaiino?:
– ooi/iaiiy aai neeaaeaiiy ia?ae?eo a?aiiii?/ieo aeanoeainoae (aeiia),
ui i?aeeyaathoue ioe?ioe?;
-io?eiaiiy ia?aeiii? ?ioi?iaoe?? iaoiaeaie a?aoi-aiae?oe/iiai
iiaeaethaaiiy ia noaae?? ia?aaei?iaeoiiai aiae?co;
– i?eaaaeaiiy io?eiaii? ?ioi?iaoe?? aei aeaeyaeo, i?eaeaoiiai aeey
ioe?iee;
– ioe?iea a?aiiii?/ieo aeanoeainoae (aeiia) ia’?eoa;
– aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a ? aeianaiiy aeniiaeo.
O ?iaio? anoaiiaeaii, ui aieiaiei i???ioe?ii yeino? a ioe?iieo
i?ioeaaeo?ao iiaeii? aooe /?oei iaa?oioiaai? a?aiiii?/i? e?eoa??? (AE).
AE ?aiaee?othoueny, aeoiaey/e c ??aiy ?o oyaeaiiy, a AI. Iai?eeeaae,
iiaeooue ?nioaaoe oe?e?ni? a?aiiii?/i? e?eoa??? ooieoe?iiaeueiiai
eiioi?oo, a oaeiae ie?ai? eiai oa?aeoa?enoeee: eiioi?eaoeai?noue,
?ioi?iaoeai?noue, eiiiaeoi?noue oa ?io. I?e aecia/aii? ooieoe?iiaeueii?
eiioi?oiino? ?icaeyaea?oueny iioeiaeueiee noai na?aaeiaeua, i?e yeiio
aeinyaiooa a?aeiia?aei?noue eioo?a ? oiia ae?yeueiino? ooieoe?iiaeueiei
iiaeeeainoyi ethaeeie. sse nenoaiia ooai?aiiy, ooieoe?iiaeueiee eiioi?o
aeeth/a? a naaa aeaa aacenieo eiiiiiaioe – ineoieia?/iee ?
ineoio?c?ieia?/iee ? oa?aeoa?eco?oueny caaeiaieaiiyi a?ae ae?yeueiino? c
ia’?eoii i?e oiia? aeniei? ?? aoaeoeaiino?. O aeine?aeaeaii? iieacaii,
ui ?niothoue iiiyooy eiioi?oo ? aeeneiioi?oo ye noai, ui
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny iai?e?iieie noa’?eoeaieie a?ae/oooyie ? /anoi
noi?iaiaeeoueny iani?eyoeeaeie ineoio?c?ieia?/ieienoeeaiiyie. Iaiao?aeii
cacia/eoe, ui iiiyooy eiioi?o-aeeneiioi?o oa?aeoa?i? aeey oeo
iaoeiai-aeine?aeieo iai?yi?a, ye? ?icaeyaeathoue i?iaeaie o?oaeiai?
ae?yeueiino? ? iiaaae?iee ethaeeie a a?o?oaeoo?iiio na?aaeiaeu?.
O ?iaio? noi?ioeueiaaia ocaaaeueiaia iiaeaeue a?aiiii?/ii? ooieoe??,
i?ae yeith ?icoi??oueny caeaoi?noue aenieoaooth/iai AI caaeiaieueiyoe
iniiai? a?aiiii?/i? iio?aae ethaeeie (a?oi ethaeae), ca ooieoe?iiaeueiei
i?ecia/aiiyi o eiie?aoieo i?ioeanao aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui oi?ioaaiiy eiioi?oiiai ??aiy a?o?oaeoo?iiai na?aaeiaeua
aac ?aoi?ioaaiiy ii?iaoeaii? aace iaiiaeeeai. I?iaaaeaiee aaoi?ii aiae?c
no/anii? a?o/eciyii? ? ca?oa?aeii? ii?iaoeaii? e?oa?aoo?e na?ae/eoue i?i
oa, ui ia?aaaaeia /anoeia a?oeoaeoo?iiai na?aaeiaeua noi?ioaaeany,
aeoiaey/e c aio?iiiiao?e/ieo aeaieo ethaeeieth.
AENIIAEE
1. I?iaeaie, ui anoaee c iniaeeaith aino?ioith a inoaii? aeanyoe??//y,
iia’ycai? c ethaenueeei oaeoi?ii, i?eaeaaee iiaee iai?yi,
iicia/aiee iaie ye a?o?oaeoo?ia a?aiiii?ea. Ana a?eueo aeooaeueiei
noa? a?aiiii?/iee i?aeo?ae, ye iiaa noa?a i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino? a
a?o?oaeoo??, ui aeoioeth? oe?ii?ni? i???ioaoe?? ? onoaiiaee nenoaiiiai,
eiiieaeniiai, na?aaeiaeuiiai, aeieia?/iiai oa ?io. i?aeoiae?a.
2.Ia’?eo, ia yeee ni?yiiaai? coneeey a?o?oaeoo?ii? oai??? ? i?aeoeee, ?
ia oaoi?/iith nenoaiith, iaoa??aeueiei na?aaeiaeuai aeey a?ieia?/ieo ?
nioe?aeueieo i?ioean?a aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie (a?oi ethaeae), ui
ioe?ith?oueny c iiceoe?? oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/ieo e?eoa???a, a aeieia?/iith
nenoaiith “ianaeaiiy = na?aaeiaeua”, oiaoi nenoaiith aca?iiae??
ianaeaiiy ? iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua. ?icoi?iiy ia’?eoa a?o?oaeoo?ii?
oai??? ? i?aeoeee ye “iaieiiie aeey ethaenueeeo i?ioean?a” i?eaiaeeoue
aei “oaoi?oeecio”, i?aeei?aiiy ethaenueeeo e?eoa???a nooi
oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/iei e?eoa??yi, ii?ooaiiy aca?iica’yce?a i?ae ianaeaiiyi
? na?aaeiaeuai.
3.Caeiiii??ia ?icoe?aiiy ? iiaeeaeaiiy a?o?oaeoo?iiai ciaiiy, cia/ia
oneeaaeiaiiy oai?aoe/ieo ? i?aeoe/ieo i?iaeai i?eaaei a?o?oaeoi??a aei
ona?aeiieaiiy iaiao?aeiino? nenoaiiiai i?aeoiaeo aei ??oaiiy, ?ic?iaee
nenoaiii? a?o?oaeoo?ii? iaoiaeieia??. O?eueee nenoaii? iaoiaee
aeicaieyoue ae??oeoe aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie, ui noiyoue ia?aae no/aniith
a?o?oaeoo?ith.
4.Iniiaith a?o?oaeoo?ii? nenoaiii? iaoiaeieia?? ? caaaeuei? i?eioeeie
ooieoe?iioaaiiy ? ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?ii-a?aiiii?/ieo nenoai. Oe?
i?eioeeie – a?o?oaeoo?ia eiie?aoecaoe?y (?ioa?i?aoaoe?y) iniiaieo
i?eioeei?a, aeanoeaeo nioe?aeueiei ? i?e?iaeiei nenoaiai. Aiie
aeicaieythoue oe?eani?yiiaaii i?aeoiaeeoe aei iiaoaeiae aoaeoeaieo
ye?nieo ? e?euee?nieo iiaeaeae. I?eioeeie eiiiaeoiino?, aecia/aeueieo
iciae ? ?iaa??aioi?noue no?oeoo?e a?aeaeaathoue iaoai?ci ? oa?aeoa?
aeai?o nenoaiii? no?aoaa?? iiaaae?iee; aeicaieythoue aecia/eoe
iaiao?aeio aeey nenoaie ?ioi?iaoe?th; a?aee?eaathoue iiaeeea?noue
ia?aianoe aeniiaee, io?eiai? i?e aeine?aeaeaii? iaei??? nenoaie, ia an?
oe?e?ni? a?o?oaeoo?i? ia’?eoe iacaeaaeii a?ae ?o neeaaeiino? ? iniiaii?
ooieoe??.
5.I?iaaaeaia ocaaaeueiaiiy oai?aoe/ieo, iaoiaeieia?/ieo,
aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? i?iaeoieo aeine?aeaeaiue c ieoaiue iioei?caoe??
na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? caniaaie a?aiiii?ee aeicaieeee aecia/eoe
oeyoe ? ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo a?o?oaeoo?ii? a?aiiii?ee, anoaiiaeoe iaae?
?? canoinoaaiiy ? niiniae ?aae?caoe?? iiai? iaoeiai? aeenoeeie?ie, a
oaeiae aeyaeoe iaoiaeieia?/i? i?eioeeie oi?ioaaiiy eiioi?oiiai noaio
na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie. Ana oea aecia/eei iioieia?/iee
aacen oeueiai aeine?aeaeaiiy, eiai iiiyo?eiee aia?ao.
6.Iaoeiaa aeenoeeie?ia iiaea aooe noi?ioeueiaaia ye iaaia oi?ia
nenoaiaoecaoe?? iaoeiaiai ciaiiy, iia’ycaia c ?inoeoooe?ae?caoe??th
ciaiiy, c ona?aeiieaiiyi caaaeueieo ii?i ? ?aeaae?a iaoeiaiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy, c oi?ioaaiiyi iaoeiaiai ni?aoiaa?enoaa, niaoeeo?/iiai
oeio iaoeiai? e?oa?aoo?e (iaeyae?a, i?ae?o/iee?a), c iaaieie oi?iaie
eiioi?eaoe?? i?ae a/aieie, a?aeiia?aeaeueieie ca ina?oo ? i?aeaioiaeo
eaae??a.
7.Aeenoeeie?ia?ia i?aai?caoe?y iaoee aeyaey?oueny oei eaiaeii, yeee
caaacia/o? nioe?ae?caoe?th aeinyaiooeo ?acoeueoao?a, ia?aoai?thth/e ?o a
iaoeia? ? eoeueoo?i? c?acee, a?aeiia?aeii aei yeeo aoaeothoueny
i?ae?o/ieee, aeeeaaea?oueny ? ia?aaea?oueny ciaiiy a nenoai? ina?oe.
Oi?ioaaiiy ? ?icaeoie aeenoeeie?ia?ii? no?oeoo?e iaoee iia’ycai? c
i?ioeanii eiaieoeaii? ?inoeoooe?ae?caoe?? ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeieoeueei?
ae?yeueiino?, c ia?aoai?aiiyi iaoiaeeee ?iaioe aeine?aeieoeueei? a?oie ?
noai?aii? oai??? a ia?aaeeaio iaoeiaiai ni?aoiaa?enoaa, co noai?aiiyi
i?ae?o/ieea, i?eeiyooyi iaaieo ?ino?oeoe?e, ?aaoethth/eo o/aiaee
i?ioean, ci?no aeeeaaeaiiy oa ?io.
8.Anoaiiaeaii, ui aeenoeeie?ia?ia i?aai?caoe?y ciaiiy aeeiio? ??ci?
ooieoe??: o?aineyoe?? aeinyaiooiai ciaiiy a eoeueoo?o, nioe?ae?caoe?th
iiaeo iieie?iue, ia?aaea/? ?aeaae?a ? ii?i, aeciaii? ni?aoiaa?enoaii.
Aiia o?eno? iaaiee oe?ii?nii-ii?iaoeaiee ii?yaeie, ui caaacia/o?
a?aeoai?thaaiiy iaoeiaiai ni?aoiaa?enoaa ca aeiiiiiaith iaaieo ii?i,
nenoaie caioi/aiue ? naieoe?e. Oey oe?ii?nii-ii?iaoeaia nenoaia, yea
a?aeeeaaea?oueny a aeenoeeie?ia?iiio ciaii?, o?aineth?oueny ca
aeiiiiiaith niaoeeo?/ieo eaiae?a eiioi?eaoe??, aeanoeaeo nenoai? ina?oe.
9.?ic?iaeaia nenoaia iiiyoue, i?iaaaeaii no?oeoo?oaaiiy ? iien
aeiaaeueieo ? eieaeueieo a?o?oaeoo?ii-a?aiiii?/ieo nenoai, io?eiaia ?o
???a?o?/ia eeaneo?eaoe?y. Aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy ? iioei?caoe??
a?o?oaeoo?ieo nenoai ?ic?iaeaiee ?aeeiee (“?ioaa?aeueiee”) e?eoa??e
iioeiaeueiino? – a?aiiii?/i?noue AI, yeee, aoaeo/e caniiaaiee ia
ooiaeaiaioaeueiiio i?eioeei? iaeiaioi? ae??, aeicaiey? aeae?aoe c
aeayei? iiiaeeie aa??aio?a o?, ui iathoue a?eueo aenie? iieacieee
aeiiii?/iino?, eiioi?oiino?, oaoiieia?/iino? ? noai?ththoue ia?aaeoiiae
aeey aeinyaiaiiy a?eueo aenieeo ye?nieo iieaciee?a a?o?oaeoo?ieo
ia’?eo?a.
10.Ia i?aenoaa? io?eiaieo aeaieo ?ic?iaeaiee aeai?eoi i?ia?aiiaaii?
ae?yeueiino? i?iaeooaaeueieea AI, ui aeei?enoiao? caniae ? iaoiaee
a?aiiii?/iiai caaacia/aiiy. A?i aeeth/a? a naaa iiiyo?eiee aia?ao ?
i?ioeaaeo?e i?iaaaeaiiy i?iaiiciiai iiooeo, ia?iaeo ianeao aieeaath/eo
oaeoi??a na?aaeiaeua, oi?ioaaiiy aaoi?nueeeo eiioeaioe?e ?
no?oeoo?oaaiiy ?o ia i?aenoaa? a?aiiii?/iiai i?aeoiaeo a iaaeao
aio?iiiiao?e/ieo nenoai oi?iiooai?aiiy.
Nienie iioae?eiaaieo i?aoeue ca oaiith aeine?aeaeaiiy
1.Ie?iiaiei A.I. A?aiiii?/i? i?eioeeie a?o?oaeoo?iiai i?iaeooaaiiy:
Iiiia?ao?y.- Oa?e?a: Iniiaa, 1997. – 112 n.
2.Ie?iiaiei A.I. A?aiiii?ea a a?o?oaeoo??.- I.:AI??OAA, 1988.- 48n.
3.Ie?iiaiei A.I. A?o?oaeoo?a ? a?aiiii?ea: i?iaeaie
i?aeaeenoeeie?ia?ii? eiioi?eaoe?? // No/ani? i?iaeaie a?o?oaeoo?e
i?noiaoaeoaaiiy. Aei.1. /Aie.?aae. I.I.Aeueii?i.- E.: EAeOOAA.- 1997.-
N.35-38.
4.Ie?iiaiei A.I., I?eeooeueeee A.A., Aeieo?oe ?.A.
I?aai?caoe?eii-oaoiieia?/i? i?eioeeie ?aeiino?oeoe?? ?noi?e/iiai oeaio?o
i. Oa?eiaa // Eiioiaeueia ainiiaea?noai i?no. Aei.10.- E.: Oaoi?ea.-
1997.- N.11-19.
5.Ie?iiaiei A.I. A?aiiii?/i? i?iaeaie aoiai?caoe?? a?o?oaeoo?iiai
na?aaeiaeua // Ca. iaoe. i?. aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a ooaeiaeiueiai
i?io?eth Oe?a?ie ? ?in??. Aei. 3.- Oa?e?a: OOI?.- 1997.- N.11-14.
6.Ie?iiaiei A.I.Oi?ioaaiiy oai?aoe/ieo iniia a?o?oaeoo?ii? a?aiiii?ee
ye iaoeiaiai iai?yieo // Ca. iaoe. i?. aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a
ooaeiaeiueiai i?io?eth Oe?a?ie ? ?in??. – Oa?e?a: OOI?.- 1997.- ?6. –
N.101-104.
7.Ie?iiaiei A.I. A?aiiii?/i? i?eioeeie oi?ioaaiiy aeeoeiaiai
na?aaeiaeua aeey ?iaae?ae?a ? in?a iioeeiai a?eo // Ca. iaoe. i?. aeueo
iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a ooaeiaeiueiai i?io?eth Oe?a?ie ? ?in??.- Oa?e?a:
OOI?.- 1997.- ?6. – C.99-100.
8.Ie?iiaiei A.I., I?eeooeueeee A.A. Ooieoe?iiaeueii-ieaioaaeuei? ?
a?aiiii?/i? iniiae ?aeiino?oeoe?? ?noi?e/iiai oeaio?o i. Oa?eiaa ( ia
i?eeeaae? aoe. Iieoaanueeee Oeyo) // Iaoeia?e a?niee aoae?aieoeoaa.-
Oa?e?a: OAeOOAA, OIOA AAO.- ?2.-1998.- N.86-93.
9.Ie?iiaiei A.I. A?aiiii?/ia ooieoe?y a?o?oaeoo?iiai ia’?eoa // Ca.
iaoe. i?. aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a ooaeiaeiueiai i?ioeeth Oe?a?ie ?
?in??.- Oa?e?a: OOI?.-1998.- N1.- N.101-102.
10.Ie?iiaiei A.I., Oeiaeianueeee TH.I. I?iaeaie ?aeiino?oeoe??
?noi?e/ieo oeaio??a (ia i?eeeaae? i. Oa?eiaa) // Iaoeiaee a?niee
aoae?aieoeoaa.- Oa?e?a: OAeOOAA, OIOA AAO.- ?2.- 1998.- N.81-85.
11.Ie?iiaiei A.I., Oeiaeianueeee TH.I. I?noiaeieia?/i? oa a?aiiii?/i?
i?iaeaie i?nueeiai na?aaeiaeua // Ca. iaoe. i?. aeueo iaa/aeueieo
caeeaae?a ooaeiaeiueiai i?io?eth Oe?a?ie ? ?in??. Aei. 2.- Oa?e?a:
OOI?.- 1998.- N. 133-136.
12.Ie?iiaiei A.I.Iniaeeaino? a?coae?caoe?? a iaaee/ieo onoaiiaao.
A?aiiii?/iee aniaeo // Ca. iaoe. i?. aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a
ooaeiaeiueiai i?io?eth Oe?a?ie ? ?in??. Aei. 2.- Oa?e?a: OOI?.- 1998.-
N.131-132.
13.Ie?iiaiei A.I.,*i?iiai? A.A. No/ani? oaiaeaioe?? a ?ica’ycaii?
i?iaeai oi?ioaaiiy i?nueeiai n?aaeiaeua // Ca. iaoe. i?. aoc?a
ooaeiaeiuei-aoae?aaeueiiai i?io?eth Oe?a?ie ? ?in??.-Oa?e?a.:OOI?.- ?3.-
1998.- C.99-100.
14.Ie?iiaiei A.I., Aaneeaiei I.A. A?aiiii?/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? i?e
oi?ioaaii? na?oeiaiai na?aaeiaeua ae?iaie/eo i?ei?uaiue // Eiioiaeueia
ainiiaea?noai i?no.- E.:Oaoi?ea.- ?19.- N.181-184.
15.Ie?iiaiei A.I.Aio?iiiiao?e/ia ii?ia. ?noi??y ieoaiiy // Ca. iaoe.
i?. aoc?a ooaeiaeiuei-aoae?aaeueiiai i?io?eth Oe?a?ie ? ?in??.- Oa?e?a.:
OOI?.- ?4-5.- 1999. – N.165-166.
16.Ie?iiaiei A.I.Iaoiaeieia?/i? i?iaeaie a?aiiii?/iiai ciaiiy //
Iaoeiaee a?niee aoae?aieoeoaa.- Oa?e?a: OAeOOAA, OIOA AAO.- ?6.-1999.-
C.188-197.
17.Ie?iiaiei A.I. Nooue i?aeaeenoeeie?ia?iiai oa?aeoa?o a?o?oaeoo?ii?
a?aiiii?ee // Ca. iaoe. i?. aoc?a ooaeiaeiuei-aoae?aaeueiiai i?io?eth
Oe?a?ie ? ?in??. -Oa?e?a.: OOI?.- ?6.- 1999. – N.167-168.
18.Ie?iiaiei A.I. Caaaeuei? i?eioeeie ooieoe?iioaaiiy ? ?icaeoeo
a?o?oaeoo?ii-a?aiiii?/ieo nenoai // Ca. iaoe. i?. aoc?a
ooaeiaeiuei-aoae?aaeueiiai i?io?eth Oe?a?ie ? ?in??.- Oa?e?a.: OOI?.-
?7. – 1999.- C.8-11.
19.Ie?iiaiei A.I. I?iaeaiu oi?ie?iaaiey eiioi?oiie a?oeoaeoo?iie n?aaeu
// Iaoeiaee a?niee aoae?aieoeoaa.- Oa?e?a: OAeOOAA, OIOA AAO.-
?7.-N.18-21.
20.Ie?iiaiei A.I.,A?aaaithe A.A. ?aoe?iiae?ci a oai?aoe/ieo
eiioeaioe?yo iaeno??a a?o?oaeoo?e / Aeaiii. AIEEE ii no?ieo. e a?oeo.?
9503.- Aui.5.- 11n.
21.Ie?iiaiei A.I., Aeeiia TH.?. Y?aiiii?/i? i?iaeaie i?iaeooaaiiy ?
aenieoaoaoe?? aoiiieo aeaeo?inoaioe?e / Aeaiiie?. AIEEN ii no?ieo. e
a?oeo. ?9660.-Aui.7, 1989.- 12n.
22.Ie?iiaiei A.I. I?iaeaie iaoe?iiaeueiiai a a?o?oaeoo?? Noiaeo e
Caoiaeo / Aeaiiie?. AIEEOAA Aineiia?oeoaeoo?u. Aiio. a ae. A?oeoaeoo?a e
a?aaeino?ieoaeuenoai. –Aui.1.- ?.823 /8, 1991.- N.46.
23.Ie?iiaiei A.I., Ioaeieaen A.I. “Noa?ue ai?iae” e ?uiie (ia iiaeaee
noa?iai ai?iaea ?eae) Aeaiiie?. AIEEOAA Aineiia?oeoaeoo?u. Aiio. a
?.ae. a?oeoaeoo?a e a?aaeino?ieoaeuenoai.-Aui.3.- ?823 /10, 1992.- 144n.
24.Ie?iiaiei A.I. E?aaaoeue A.E., ?iaeeiiaa I.I. A?aiiii?ea eieuei?o a
a?o?oaeoo?iiio oi?iiooai?aii? // O?oaee IV-e I?aeia?. eiioa?aioe??
“Iaoa??aee aeey aoae?aaeueieo eiino?oeoe?e”.- ICMB’96.-
Aei?i?iiao?ianuee.- 1996.- N.177-178.
25.Ie?iiaiei A.I. Eiioeaioe?y iioei?caoe?eiiai iiaeaethaaiiy a
a?o?oaeoo?i?e a?aiiii?oe? // O?oaee IV-e I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe??
“Iaoa??aee aeey aoae?aaeueieo eiino?oeoe?e”.- ICVB’96.-
Aei?i?iiao?ianuee.- 1996.- N.182-183.
26.Ie?iiaiei A.I., Naeiaae I.A. I?eioeeiu eioaineoeeaoeee o/aaiiai
i?ioeanna ca n/ao a?oeoaeoo?ii-ieaie?iai/iuo e y?aiiiie/aneeo n?aaenoa
// O?oaeu 47-e iaoeiai oaoie/ii? eiioa?aioe?? “Iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe
no?ieoaeuenoaa”.-Oa?e?a: O?A?.-1992.- N.160.
27.Ie?iiaiei A.I. A?o?oaeoo?a ? a?aiiii?ea. No/aniee noai ieoaiiy,
oaiaeaioe?? ?icaeoeo // O?oaee 49-e iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? eiioa?aioe??
“I?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aoae?aieoeoaa”.- Oa?e?a: O?A?.- 1994. – C.16.
28.Ie?iiaiei A.I., Eae?i?ia I.?. Oi?ioaaiiy na?aaeiaeua aeeoea ?
a?aiiii?ea // O?oaee 49-e iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? eiioa?aioe?? “I?aeaeuaiiy
aoaeoeaiino? aoae?aieoeoaa”. – Oa?e?a.: O?A?.- 1994.- N.16.
29.Ie?iiaiei A.I., Eae?i?ia I.?. I?iaeaie oi?ioaaiiy eiioi?oiiai
aeeoeiaiai n?aaeiaeua // O?oaee 49-e iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? eiioa?aioe??
“I?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aoae?aieoeoaa”.- Oa?e?a.: O?A?.- 1994.- N.12.
30.Ie?iiaiei A.I., Eae?i?ia I.?. A?aiiii?/iee i?aeo?ae ye iiaa noa?a
i?ioan?eii? ae?yeueiino? a a?o?oaeoo?? // O?oaee 50-e iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii?
eiioa?aioe?? .- Oa?e?a.: O?A?.- 1995.- N.4.
Ie?iiaiei A.I. Iaoiaeieia?/i? iniiae iioei?caoe?? a?o?oaeoo?iiai
na?aaeiaeua.- ?oeiien. Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
aeieoi?a a?o?oaeoo?e c? niaoe?aeueiino? 18.00.01 – oai??y a?o?oaeoo?e,
?anoaa?aoe?y iai’yoiee?a a?o?oaeoo?e. Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee
oi?aa?neoao aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e, Oa?e?a, 1999.
Caoeua?oueny 30 iaoeiaeo ?ia?o, a oiio /ene? iaeia iiiia?ao?y, iaeia
a?ioo?a, oa ?io. ioaeeeaoe??, ye? i?noyoue ?acoeueoaoe oai?aoe/ieo ?
i?aeoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue, iia’ycaieo c oi?ioaaiiyi eiioi?oiiai
a?o?oaeoo?iiai na?aaeiaeua aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? ethaeeie. Aia?oa
aeine?aeaeaiee i?ino?? a?o?oaeoo?iiai na?aaeiaeua ye oe?e?niee ia’?eo
a?aiiii?/iiai i?iaeooaaiiy. ?ic?iaeaia iao?eoey ci?noo ? no?oeoo?e
i?aaeiaoa a?aiiii?/iiai i?iaeooaaiiy. Aeyaeai? eiai iniiai? a?aiiii?/i?
eaoaai???.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: nenoaiiee i?aeo?ae, a?o?oaeoo?ia na?aaeiaeua,
a?aiiii?/ia i?iaeooaaiiy, a?aiiii?/ia aeanoea?noue ? ye?noue.
Ie?iiaiei A.I. Iaoiaeieiae/aneea iniiau iioeiecaoeee a?oeoaeoo?iie
n?aaeu.-
?oeiienue. Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea iao/iie noaiaie aeieoi?a
a?oeoaeoo?u ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 18.00.01 – oai?ey a?oeoaeoo?u,
?anoaa?aoeey iaiyoieeia a?oeoaeoo?u. Oa?ueeianeee ainoaea?noaaiiue
oaoie/aneee oieaa?neoao no?ieoaeuenoaa e a?oeoaeoo?u (OAOONA), Oa?ueeia,
1999.
Caueuaaony 30 iao/iuo ?aaio, a oii /enea iaeia iiiia?aoey, iaeia
a?ioth?a e ae?. ioaeeeaoeee, eioi?ua niaea?aeao ?acoeueoaou
oai?aoe/aneeo e i?aeoe/aneeo enneaaeiaaiee, naycaiiuo n oi?ie?iaaieai
eiioi?oiie a?oeoaeoo?iie n?aaeu aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea. Aia?aua
enneaaeiaaii i?ino?ainoai a?oeoaeoo?iie n?aaeu eae oeaeinoiue iauaeo
y?aiiiie/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey e i?iaeoe?iaaiey. I?iaiaeece?iaaiu
oai?aoe/aneea i?aaeiinueee ?acaeoey iioeiecaoeeiiiuo iiaeoiaeia a
a?oeoaeoo?iuo enneaaeiaaieyo e i?iaeoe?iaaiee. Noi?ioee?iaaiu iniiaiua
naienoaa y?aiiiie/aneiai iiaeoiaea, e /eneo eioi?uo aiciiaeii ioianoe:
yeieiae/iinoue, iioeiaeueiinoue, eiiiaeoiinoue, ooieoeeiiaeueiinoue.
A ?aaioa iieacaii, /oi iaoiaeieiae/aneia iino?iaiea iaoee a?oeoaeoo?iie
y?aiiiieee iaiaoiaeeii ia/eiaoue n ii?aaeaeaiey aa iniiaiuo iao/iuo
eaoaai?ee, niaea?aeaueo a naaa nouanoaothuea iao/iua i?aaenoaaeaiey ia
yoii aeaea aeayoaeueiinoe. Oaeie iiaeoiae iio?aaiaae iineaaeothuaai
naaaeaiey ?acee/iuo iao/iuo i?aaenoaaeaiee ia a?oeoaeoo?iie y?aiiiieea a
aaeeiia eaoaai?eaeueiia ia?aciaaiea, /oi iiaeao auoue inouanoaeaii
iaoiaeii eiioeao?e?iaaiey. A ?aaioa ?anniio?aiu nouanoaothuea iiaeoiaeu
e iao/iiio i?aaenoaaeaieth y?aiiiie/aneiai i?iaeoe?iaaiey, eioi?ia
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie niaieoiiinoue ?aaio, iai?aaeaiiuo ia aeinoeaeaiea
aunieeo y?aiiiie/aneeo naienoa e ea/anoa i?iaeoe?oaiiai iauaeoa, a
oaeaea n?aaenoa e niiniaia oi?ie?iaaiey e iiaeaea?aeaiey iaiaoiaeeiie
eaaeeoeeaoeee e ?aaioiniiniaiinoe niaoeeaeenoia, yenieoaoe?othueo eee
ianeoaeeaathueo yoio iauaeo. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi i?iaeaio a?aieoe
a?oeoaeoo?iie y?aiiiieee oeaeaniia?acii ?anniao?eaaoue i?eiaieoaeueii e
?aciui oeiai nenoai i?iaeoe?iaaiey, ioee/athueiny ii naiei iauaeoai. A
ea/anoaa oaeiauo ?anniio?aii ii?oieiae/aneia i?iaeoe?iaaiea, eee
i?iaeoe?iaaiea a ?aieao iiaeaee “/aeiaae-i?aaeiao”(*-I),
“/aeiaae-a?oeoaeoo?iue iauaeo-n?aaea”(*-AI-N),
“/aeiaae-yeinenoaia”(*-YN). ?acee/iue o?iaaiue ea?a?oee iiaeaeae nenoai
eiatho niioaaonoaothuoth i?ic?a/iinoue a?aieoe. A ?aaioa iieacaii, /oi
a?aieoeu i?iaeoiie aeayoaeueiinoe a?oeoaeoo?iie y?aiiiieee – nooue ana
aea ia a?aieoeu i?iaeoe?iaaiey eae iaeioi?ie oieaa?naeueiie noa?u, a
a?aieoeu i?iaeoe?iaaiey a eiie?aoiuo i?iaeoiuo neooaoeeyo. Enneaaeiaaiu
iauaeoiua e i?aaeiaoiua aniaeou noa?u i?ioanneiiaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe
a?oeoaeoo?u e y?aiiiieee. ?ac?aaioaia iao?eoea niaea?aeaiey e no?oeoo?u
i?aaeiaoa y?aiiiie/aneiai i?iaeoe?iaaiey. Auyaeaiu aai iniiaiua
y?aiiiie/aneea eaoaai?ee.
A ?aaioa onoaiiaeaii, /oi i?iaeaia ea/anoaa a?oeoaeoo?iie n?aaeu
yaeyaony aeaaiie e ii?aaeaeythuae a y?aiiiie/aneii i?iaeoe?iaaiee.
Ii?aaeaeaia eaoaai?ey ea/anoaa n iiceoeee y?aiiiieee. I?e ii?aaeaeaiee e
oi?ie?iaaiee e?eoa?ey ea/anoaa a?oeoaeoo?iiai iauaeoa, a yoi –
iioeiaeueiinoue ooieoeeiie?iaaiey e ?acaeoey a?oeoaeoo?iuo nenoai,
iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiie nenoaiie yaeyaony oa, i?e eioi?ie ?acaeaathony
oai?/aneea e aeooiaiua noi?iiu /aeiaaea, aai ineoioeceieiae/aneay
o?aaiiaaoaiiinoue. A aeenna?oaoeee onoaiiaeaii, /oi aeaaiui i?eaioe?ii
ea/anoaa a ioeaii/iuo i?ioeaaeo?ao aeieaeiu yaeyoueny /aoei iainiiaaiiua
y?aiiiie/aneea e?eoa?ee, ?aiaee?othueany enoiaey ec o?iaiy eo
i?aaenoaaeaiey a a?oeoaeoo?iuo iauaeoao. I?e ii?aaeaeaiee
ooieoeeiiaeueiie eiioi?oiinoe ?anniao?eaaaony iioeiaeueiia ninoiyiea
n?aaeu, i?e eioi?ii aeinoeaiooi niioaaonoaea n?aaenoa e oneiaee
aeayoaeueiinoe ooieoeeiiaeueiui aiciiaeiinoyi /aeiaaea. A ?aaioa
noi?ioee?iaaia iaiauaiiay iiaeaeue y?aiiiie/aneie ooieoeee
a?oeoaeoo?iiai iauaeoa. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi oi?ie?iaaiea eiioi?oiiai o?iaiy
a?oeoaeoo?iie n?aaeu aac ?aoi?ie?iaaiey ii?iaoeaiie aacu iaaiciiaeii.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: nenoaiiue iiaeoiae, a?oeoaeoo?iay n?aaea,
y?aiiiie/aneia i?iaeoe?iaaiea, y?aiiiie/aneia naienoai e ea/anoai.
Iironenko V. P. Methodological Bases for Optimisation of Architectural
Environment.- Manuscript.-
Thesis for the doctor’s degree by speciality 18.00.01 – theory of
architecture, restoration of monyments of architecture.- Kharkov
State Technical University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
(KSTUSEA), Kharkov, 1999.
39 scientific works including a monograph and one brochure which
contains the results of theoretical and practical researches concerning
the forming comfortable architectural environment for human life
activity are defended. For the first time the space of architectural
environment was investigated as a holistic object of ergonomik design.
Template of content and structure of tht object of ergonomic design
was developed. Object basic ergonomic categories were elicited.
Key words: System apporoach, Architectural Environment, argonomic
designing. Ergonomic features and qualities.
A?aeiia?aeaeueiee ca aeione eaiae. a?o-?e, aeioe.
E.O.*a?eaniaa
I?aeienaii aei ae?oeo 31.09.99. Oi?iao 60o90/16. Iai?? ae?oe.?2.
Iaae?oeiaaii ia ?ecia?ao?. Oiia. ae?oe. a?e. 1.5. Cai. ?219
Oe?aae 100 i?ei.
?AA Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo aoae?aieoeoaa oa
a?o?oaeoo?e, 310002, Oa?e?a, aoe. Noinueea, 40.
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