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Лірика української еміграції: еволюція стильових систем: Автореф. дис… д-ра філол. наук / О.Г. Астаф’єв, НАН України. Ін-т л-ри ім. Т.Г.Шевченка. —

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IAOe?IIAEUeIA AEAAeAI?ss IAOE OE?A?IE

?inoeooo e?oa?aoo?e ?i. O.A.Oaa/aiea

Ia i?aaao
?oeiieno

OAeE 883(091):82-1:82.015

ANOAO’?A Ieaenaiae? A?eai?iae/

E??EEA OE?A?INUeEI? AI?A?AOe??:

AAIETHOe?ss NOEEUeIAEO NENOAI

Ciaoe?aeuei?noue 10.01.01 – Oe?a?inueea e?oa?aoo?a

A a o i ? a o a ? a o

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

aeieoi?a o?eieia?/ieo iaoe

Ee?a – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioo aeeiiaii a ?inoeooo? e?oa?aoo?e ?i. O.A.Oaa/aiea IAI Oe?a?ie

Iaoeiaee eiinoeueoaio: i?ioani?, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e o?eieia??
Iaoe?iiaeueiiai oi?aa?neoaoo “Ee?ai-Iiaeeyinueea Aeaaeai?y” aeieoi?
o?eieia?/ieo iaoe A.I.II?AIAOeUe

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:

aeieoi? o?eieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? I.I.?EUeIEOeUeEEE

(Euea?anueeee aea?aeoi?aa?neoao ?i. ?.ss.O?aiea)

aeieoi? o?eieia?/ieo iaoe I.I.OEA*OE

(Oa?iii?euenueeee aea?aeiaaeoi?aa?neoao
?i.A.I.Aiaothea)

aeieoi? o?eieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? A.O.NAIAITHE

(Ee?anueeee aea?aeoi?aa?neoao ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea)

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – E??iaia?aaenueeee aea?aeiaaeoi?aa?neoao

?i. A.E.Aeiie/aiea, eaoaae?a oe?a?inueei?
e?oa?aoo?e

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 22 aa?aniy 1999 ?ieo i 10 aiae. ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.178.01 i?e ?inoeooo? e?oa?aoo?e ?i.
O.A.Oaa/aiea IAI Oe?a?ie (252601, Ee?a-1, aoe. A?ooaanueeiai, 4).

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo e?oa?aoo?e
?i. O.A.Oaa/aiea IAI Oe?a?ie

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaii 23 aa?aciy 1999 ?ieo

O/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? ?aaee

aeieoi? o?eieia?/ieo iaoe I.I.NOEEIA

?. CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

I?ney Ae?oai? na?oiai? a?eie ia ai?a?aoe?? iieieeany oe?ea aaia?aoe?y
ienueiai-iee?a -oe?ea “e?oa?aoo?ia aea?aeaaa” ia /oaeei?. ? ai?iooy
iacaae i?eiio ia na?oe-einy, ai eiaeiiai /aeaea aeiey oeo e?eueeanio
e?oa?aoi??a, ye? a 20-30-eo ?.?. noaee aea?oaaie eao?aaiue IEAN. On?o
ia?ai?uaioe?a io/eei ?icaeai?iiy: aaaeaiiy iiaa?iooeny ia aaouee?aueio ?
no?ao ia?aae ianeeueieoeueeith ?aiao??aoe??th. Aeey aaaaoueio oeae
aecenoaioe?aeueiee eiioe?eo iaa?ioany iinoaeuea??th, aeani?an??th ?
iaa?oue ineoiiaoe/ieie caoai?thaaiiyie (iai?eeeaae, aeey O.Inueia/ee).
Oean Nai/oe ienaa: “…Ia?eai “?iae?ie” ia?ane?aeoaaei iaa?aenooiii,
ii/oooy no?aoo noaei aeii?ioth/ei ee?iaoii”.

Aea ye oea ia ia?aaeienaeueii, o i?aeoeoe? na?oiai? e?oa?aoo?e naia
ai?a?aoe?y, aeaiaiiy, aeaii?oaoe?y /anoi-aonoi ii?iaeaeoaaee yeiaee?au?
oai?e (Ia?ae?e, Aeaioa, A.Iaaieia, I.Nieaeai?oeei, A. Iae?ania, E.
A?iaenueeee, A.Ia?ean). Ia aeiooai?e /oaeei? ?icea?oioa oaeaio
oe?a?inueeeo ienueiaiiee?a: TH. Eeaia, ?.Iaeaithea, I.Ieueaee/a,
TH.Eeie, O.Inueia/ee, E.Iinaiaeca, N.Ai?aeeinueeiai, I. I?anoa oa ?i.

O 1945 ?. a Ith?iaa?c? oe?a?inueea ai?a?aoe?y canioaaea Ienoaoeueeee
Oe?a?inueeee ?oo (IO?) – i?aai?caoe?th, ui i?i?nioaaea aei e?ioey 1948
?. IO? aae?aa o naaa ?icii?ioai? aiane?aeie a?eie ooaeiaei? oaeaioe,
aeaeaaaa ?oi? oai?e, i?ia?a o?e cc?caee oa e?eueea oai?aoe/ieo
eiioa?aioe?e, aoa aiaieuai aeeneon?e i?ae i?aaenoaaieeaie ??cieo oai?/eo
noee?a oa iai?yi?a. Cie?aia, ni?eyea ?icaeoeia? oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e
ia ai?a?aoe?? aeeneon?y “Aaeeea e?oa?aoo?a” (1946), o ye?e acyee o/anoue
O. Nai/oe, ?.Aaa?yiee, I. A?eoeae, TH.Oa?ao, A.Aea?aeaaei oiui. Ia i?e
?oeiny i?i aieiai? e?oa?aoo?ii-anoaoe/i? e iao??ioe/i? caaaeaiiy: “…O
aenieiaeineiiae?e oi?i? neoaeeoe nai?io ia?iaeia? ? oei naiei caaithaaoe
nia? aiein oa aaoi?eoao o na?oiaiio ienoaoeoa?”. IO? ca e?eueea ?ie?a
naiai ?nioaaiiy iioae?eoaaa o?e ca??ieee c iaoa??aeaie nai?o aeeneon?e,
ooaeiaei?e aeueiaiao, e?eueea aeaeaiue “Iaei? a?ae?ioaee IO?o”. I?ae
io??anueeith aeaeaaie/ith ia?eith “Cieioa a?aia” ccyaeeeny eieae
?.Aaa?yiiai, A. Aa?ee, TH. Eeaia, TH. Eina/a, ?.Einoaoeueeiai,
A.E?aaoeaaa, O. Inueia/ee, O.Nai/oea – caaaeii aea iiiaae 1200 eiea ?
iaioeao?a (aeecueei 250 c ieo – i?ea?iaeuei? iiaoe/i?, i?icia? ?
ae?aiaoe/i? oai?e). Iacaaa?ii IO?, oiane?aeie ia?anaeaiiy a?eueoino?
eiai /eai?a (iaoeaioe?a oaai??a Ae?-I?) a ?io? e?a?ie, oaeoe/ii caaan.
Iac??ea iac?eoeaia iio?aaa noai?eoe i?ioan?eio ni?eeo, oeei ?acii oaea
ia aia?eeainuee?e caie?. 26 /a?aiy 1954 ?. a Iueth-Ei?eo iinoaei
iac?aeiaiiy oe?a?inueeeo ienueiaiiee?a “Neiai”. 19 n?/iy 1957?. aoei
i?eeiyoi noaooo “Neiaa” /eaiaie-caniiaieeaie ni?eee (22 iniae, i?enooi?o
oiai aeiy ia caaaeueieo cai?ao, ? 34, ui i?aeienaeeny i?ae noaoooii ye
ei?aniiiaeaioe). Caiaeii aeieeea aaoiiiiia “Iueth-Ei?enueea a?oia”, aei
yei? oa?eoee TH. Oa?iaanueeee, A. ?oa/ae, I.Ee-eeia, A.Aiae??anueea, A.
Aiae, ?. Aaneeuee?anueea, A. Aie/oe, I.Co?anueeee oa A.Aa?ea (yeee
iaaaeiac? a?oio iieeioa).

I?ioa ia ?aaeyinuee?e Oe?a?i? iaeyne?aa?o? caeiaooee ai?a?aoe?eiiai
e?oa?aoo?iiai aeeooy aai na?aeiii caiia/oaaeeny (i?/iai ia aiai?eeiny
i?i “I?acueeo oeieo”, a?oio “Oaie”, “Iueth-Ei?enueeo a?oio” oiui), aai
i?aeaeaaaeeny ino?ae?ciia? e aieiaaeuei?e e?eoeoe?. Ao?i, aein? ia
oeeaaeaii aeaiaioa?iiai a?ia?ae?ia?ao?/iiai iieaae/eea oai??a
ienueiaiiee?a, ye? aeeee ? oai?eee ca iaaeaie Oe?a?ie.

Uii?aaaea, ca inoaii? n?i ?ie?a (i?ney ?iciaaeo N?N? ? i?iaieioaiiy
iacaeaaeiino? Oe?a?ie) aaaaoi c?iaeaii aeey oiai, uia c?oeioaaoe eieeoi?
noa?aioeie. Iaeia/a iaee?au? caeiaooee ? iaeoa?aeoa?i?o? yaeua
e?oa?a-oo?iiai i?ioeano (a?oie, oeiee, iai?yiee, oa/??, noee?) ia
ai?a?aoe?? e ia Oe?a?i? iiee ui ia ii?aeiai?, iaoeiai ia nia??iaeeciaai?
a iaii?euei?e oe?e?niino?.

Iii?e aaaeeo o?iainiao ne?ooo, Eaa?iao I?i?no??a Oe?a?ie iinoaiiaith
a?ae 22 n?/iy 1996 ?. caoaa?aeea aea?aeaaio i?ia?aio “Oe?a?inueea
ae?anii?a ia ia??iae aei 2000 ?ieo”, ca?aeii c yeith iaeaaiaeaeothoueny
yeiaeo?ni?o? ae?eia? cacycee ae?y/?a eoeueoo?e ? iaoee iaoa?eeiai?
Oe?a?ie e ai?a?aoe??. Ia ?noi?e/i?e Aaouee?auei? ia?aaeaeaii iaecia/i?o?
e?oa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/i? i?aoe?, e?oa?aoo?i-ciaa/? aeine?aeaeaiiy, noaoo? oa
ana? a/aieo ? ienueiaiiee?a oe?a?inueeiai caei?aeiiiy (Ae.
*eaeaanueeiai, ?. Iaeaithea, A.Aea?aeaaeia, TH. Eaa?eiaiea,
?.Eioae?aoey, ?. Ea/o?ianueeiai, I. Iaea?/aiea, Ae.Ieo/aiea, ?. O?ca?a,
A.A?aaiae/a). ?ioaa?aoe?? oe?a?inueei? ae?anii?e a eoeueoo?ia aeeooy
Oe?a?ie ni?ey? iioae?eoaaiiy (ia?oa ? iiaoi?ia) aa?o?nieo ooaeiaei?o
oai??a (TH.Eeaia, I. Ieueaee/a, TH. Eeie, I. Oae?ae, I. I?anoa,
?.Iaeaithea, A.E?aaoeaaa, N.Ai?aeeinueeiai, ?. Ea/o?ianueeiai, ?.
Eooa?y, A.Aiae??anueei?, A.Aie/oea, A.?oa/aea, TH.Oa?iaanueeiai, I.
Co?anueeiai, ?. Aaaiaaea).

Aeooiaii-eoeueoo?iee aca?iiai?i c ai?a?aoe??th oa?i/aany aeoiaeii
/ioe?e-oiiii? o?anoiiao?? oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e oa e?oa?aoo?ii?
e?eoeee OO no. “Oe?a?inueea neiai” (E., 1994-1995), “O?anoiiao?? c iiai?
oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo-?e” (Euea?a, 1993), aeaioiiii? aeaaeai?/ii?
“?noi??? oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e ii/aoeo OO no.” (E., 1993-1995,
ia?aaeae. 1998), na??? “E?oa?aoo?a oe?a?inueei? ae?anii?e” (I?aeei,
1993-1998, aei. 1-23), iecee eiea, a?ioo?, ?ica?aeie i?i e??eeo
oe?a?inueeiai ca?oa?aeaey (I. AEoeeinueeiai, A.Neaieiiy, I.
?eueieoeue-eiai, O. Naeeae, TH. Eiaae?aa, A. Ii?aioey,
I.Neaaioieoeueeiai, N. Iaaee/ei, I. Cai?ianueei?, E.Aieeinueeiai, I.
Ni?iee oa ?i.).

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Iaei??th ?c iaeoa?aeoa?i?oeo ?en no/anieo
aeine?aeaeaiue e?oa?aoo?iiai i?ioeano acaaae? ? e??eee oe?a?inueei?
ai?a?aoe?? cie?aia ? ia?aianaiiy oeaio?o aaae c aiae?co noac?eoeaieo
?aoeaen?e ia aiae?c ?aoeaen?e ?ioa?noac?eoieo – ia?aaeeaia noac?eoa
ooaeiaeiueiai ieneaiiy (ui iae/ano?oa aenooia? iac?eoii
e?oa?aoo?iciaa/eo nooae?e) cai?iy?oueny ia ia?aaeeaio iaeaaaeeea?oeo
aeanoeainoae ooaeiaeiueiai oaenoo, ooieoe?e ? ci?noo eiai eiiiiiaio?a.
Naia aei oeueiai iiethno oyae?thoue i?aoe? A. Aea?aeaaeia, TH.
Oaaaeueiaa (Oa?aoa), A. Einothea, I.Iaea?/aiea, TH.Eaa?eiaiea, ?.
Ea/o?ia-nueeiai, ?. Eioae?aoey, TH.Eeeiiaiai, ?. Eooa?y, I. Iaa?e?,
A.?oa/aea, A. Noa-aaeuenueeiai, A. A?aaiae/a, ?. O?ca?a, I.Iaaeeoeia oa
?i.

Caaaeueiia?aeiii, ui eiaeai e?oa?aoo?iee oaeno iiaea? iaaio iiaeaeue
na?oo. ?noi?e/ia ae niaoeeo?ea ??cieo ea?oei ae?eniino? aecia/a?oueny
oeie i?aaeeaie, yeeie ei?enoo?oueny ienueiaiiee aeey oiai, uia
o?ainoi?ioaaoe o eiie?aoi? ?aae?? oaenoo oi?aa?naeuei? oe?iiino?
“iaioaeueieo i?aeaaeei aoooy oa ?aeaaeueieo no?oeoo? na?aeiiino?”,
?aeaioeo?eoaaoe nai? “y” c “iaioaeueieie i?aeaaeeiaie aoooy”. A
?noi?e/iiio i?ioean? caae?yi? ia o?eueee ciai?oi?
(nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i?, aai oeea?e?caoe?ei?) /eiieee, a e aioo??oi?
(aeooiaii-ineoieia?/i? aai eoeueoo?i?). Aeiiaaeaaia ia ?noi?e/i?e
Aaouee?auei? e?oa?aoo?iciaa/a iaoea ?aii?oaaea i?aena?aeiiei, a?oaoeiaie
– oei oa?ii ethaenueeiai ?noaa, ui ia i?i?aoeaeoiaaiee iiai?noth,
i?eoiaaiee a?ae naieo eiai iin??a. Oiio e ia aeeaii, ui noac?eoeai?
aa??aioe ci?noiaeo o?ainoi?iaoe?e, a oaeiae ciiaeaeuei-aai? ieie
i?ae?iaeea?aeoaeuei? naiaioe/i? nenoaie iiynithaaeeny caeaa?eueoiai
ciai?oi?ie /eiieeaie.

O no/ani?e iaooe? o?eaae? aeeneon?? i?i aeeoo?ni?iiiaei?noue i?aaeiaoa
nai?ioeee ia?aoo? caoeoee, aeaaeae? a?eueoa ooaa?aeaeothoueny i?eioeeie
nai?i-oe/iiai aiae?co ooaeiaei?o oaeno?a, iaea?aeoth/e ie?aeia i?aeoe/ia
canoinoaaiiy. Aeaiaioe nai?ioeee, iaiaaaiiy ae?noaoeny aei a?oaoeiieo
iniia ooaeiaei?o yaeu cono??/a?ii a i?aoeyo A.Iaeueieea, I.?aiaoaiea, O.
Aoiaei?iai?, N. Iaa-ee/ei, A. Ii?aioey, TH.Eiaae?aa, I.Cai?ianueei?.

Aeena?oaio ia iaoa??ae? ai?a?aoe?eii? e??eee i?inoaaeo? ao?eaiiy
oi?aa?-nae?e ooaeiaeiuei? na?aeiiino? (eaoaai??e /ano, i?inoi?o,
i?e/eiiino? ? o.ae.), iaioaeueieo oa aoi?/ieo a?oaoei?a, aiae?co? yaeua
nai?iceno oa eiai aieiaieo eiiiiiaio?a – ciaeiaeo cania?a, aeaneaiao?a
oa ?ioa?i?aoaio.

Iaoith aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe ? no?oeoo?ii-nai?ioe/ia ?ioa?i?aoaoe?y
e??eee oe?a?inueei? ai?a?aoe??. Aeena?oaio ccyniao? i?e?iaeo ci?ie
noeeueiaeo iiaeaeae a ?noi?e/iiio i?ii?aeeo 1945-1990 ??., caeiie
naiaioe/ieo o?ain-oi?iaoe?e, yeeie aa??ththoue ienueiaiieee o ?ai?
iaei??? ? o??? ae nenoaie, oe?eaaeoueny, yeith i??ith “/anoeia?”
iiaeae? na?oo aienothoueny o ?aeeiee eiioaeno oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e OO
no. ? na?oiai? caaaeii.

A?aeoae iinoa? iio?aaa iaa?oiooaaoe ia?ao?ae a?ae iaei??? naiaioe/ii?
nenoaie aei ?ioi? ye ae?aeaeoeee ci?i ni?aa?aeiioaiue i?ae oeie
eiiiiiaioaie, c yeeo neeaaea?oueny ooaeiaeiy no?oeoo?a. Oiaoi eaeaoueny
i?i aeeiai?/io ei?aeyoe?th i?ae icia/aiei (ia?ace /ooo?ai ni?eeiyoeo
ciae?a), icia/oaaiei (iiiyooyie, cao?eniaaieie a ciaeao) ? oei, /ei
iiaea aooe icia/aia (a??ooaeueiee i?aaeiao, aei yeiai a?aeneeathoue
ciaee). Ioaea, iaiao?aeii caaaiooe aioeiii?th ciaea ? cia/aiiy o eiaei?e
?c nenoai, aeyaeoe a oaenoao cia/ou?noue ?oi?o aieiaieo, a ?ieiee
iaa?oue ae?oai?yaeieo aeanoeainoae, ccynoaaoe iiaeaethth/ee oa?aeoa?
iiaieo cania?a, ?o iaioaeuei?, i?aaeiaoi?, e?iaa?noe/i?, i?aeoe/i? oa
?ioa?noac?eoi? aniaeoe, ui aeieeaathoue ?c eiioi?eaoeaiiai noaoono
e?oa?aoo?-iiai aeneiaethaaiiy.

Ine?eueee na?o cia/aiue ooaeiaeiueiai oai?o noino?oueny ia o?eueee noa?e
iioi/ii? eiioi?eaoe??, aea e oeo naiaioe/ieo nenoai, ui aei iiyae
oeueiai oai?o aaea ?nioaaee, oi iioaioe?eieo ei?aaoaaiue oaeno aeiaaa? ?
a?ae naiai e?oa?a-oo?iiai ioi/aiiy. Eiaeai iiaiyaeaiee oa?? a?eueoith
aai iaioith i??ith ci?ith? e?oa?aoo?io ianoaiiaeo, ai aeyaey? naith
niieo/i?noue (aai ?ic?ea) c on?i aaaaonoaii aoaeue-eiee noai?aieo
oaeno?a, aeeiioth/e ?ieue “oaenoo a oaenoao”. Oea aiai?eoue i?i oa, ui
naiaioe/ia no?oeoo?a oaenoo caeaaeeoue ia o?eueee a?ae no?oeoo?e
na?aeiiino?, yea eiai noai?eea, a e a?ae oi?aa?naeueii? noa?e
eieaeoeaiiai i?aena?aeiiiai, yea uiiaeo?ni?oa iiacycaia c
?icoeo-?oaaiiyi ? ?aeiino?oeoe??th ciaeiaeo nenoai iiia?aaei?o eoeueoo?,
noaa?euei?noth aeayeeo aeai?iaeo nenoai, iacaeaaeieo a?ae
nioe?aeueii-?noi?e/ieo ci?i.

Nueiaiaei?, eiee a?o/eciyia iaoea iaiaoo?oueny i?ney aino?iai ?ic?eao ?c
ienoaoeueeei iaaeaaiiyi ai?a?aoe??, iinoa? iio?aaa nenoaiii inieneeoe
iaoe?i-iaeueia ienoaoeoai ii iaeaeaa aiee ei?aeiio ye iaae?eeio
oe?e?ni?noue, iiynieoe aeiaaeee noiaeino? oaeno?a, ccynoaaoe aioo??oi?e
cacycie oa noeeueiao niaaeei?i-i?noue i?ae iaiia aeene?aoieie noaiaie
oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e.

O aeena?oaoe?? ? c?iaeaii ni?iao iienaoe, eeaneo?eoaaoe e caaeaeea?oaaoe
iaeae?aci?o? noeeueia? nenoaie oe?a?inueei? ai?a?aoe?eii? e??eee –
i?eaa?iooe oaaao aei eiaeii? c ieo ye oaenoo ?c niaoeeo?/ieie ooieoe?yie
oa aeanoeainoyie. Ia aeaeue, ua e aein? a iaoiio e?oa?aoo?iciaanoa? ia
coaeeea naaa i?aeoeea ioioiaeiaiiy naino aoooy ooaeiaeiueiai oai?o c
eiai cia?aaeoaaeueiith ?ioai-oe??th. Na?o ??aeei eiee aoaa?
i?aaiaoe/iith iaoith e??ecio: iae/ano?oa /a?ac e??eci na?o nai i?iiiaey?
aei /eoa/a on?i nai?i aioo??oi?i ?icia?ooyi. O oaeeo aeiaaeeao, ye oea
aeaeii ia i?eeeaae? oai?/ino? A. Aiae??anueei?, A. ?oa/aea,
TH.Oa?iaanueeiai, A. Aie/oea oa ?i., na?o noa? ae?oaei “oaenoii”,
“caniaii eiioi?eaoe??”. Ccynoaaoe ii-iiaiio iiiyooy “na?o” ? “oaeno”,
ae?aeaeoeeo cacyce?a i?ae ieie – oea ii-iiaiio iiaa/eoe, o yeee niin?a
e??eea iaiiaith?oueny i?eoaiaiiei ?e ci?noii.

O aeena?oaoe?? oia?oa aaiaeyoueny a ia?a iaoa??aee aa?oaanueeeo a?o?a?a
Ae.Aeiioeiaa, Aeo?a Iiaeo, Iocath e?oa?aoo?e ?i. A.I?oeeaae/a, a oaeiae
a?o?a?a ?inoeoooo e?oa?aoo?e ?i.O.Oaa/aiea IAI Oe?a?ie, IAN oa NAO.

Oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/i? canaaee. Aeine?aeiee aeei?enoiao? aeina?ae
no?oeoo?ii-nai?ioe/ii? anoaoeee (?. sseianiia, ss. Ioea?aeianueeiai,
E.Eaa?-No?inna, *. I??na, *.Ii???na, ?. Aa?oa, AE. Aea??aeaea, A.
Ath?nnaina, TH. Eioiaia oiui), ?aea? aa?iaiaaoeee, ?aoeaioeaii? oa
oaiiiaiieia?/ii? anoaoeee, ineoiaiae?co.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? ia?aaeaii o
iiiia?ao?? “E??eea oe?a?inueei? ai?a?aoe??: aaiethoe?y noeeueiaeo
nenoai” (E., 1998), a?ioo?ao ? noaooyo o ia??iaeeoe?, eo?nao eaeoe?e,
i?i/eoaieo a 1996-1998 ??. o Aa?oaanueeiio oi?aa?neoao?, a 1992-1998 ??.
– o I?aeeinueeiio iaaeoi?aa?ne-oao?. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue
ii?eethaeiaii ia can?aeaii? eaoaae?e oe?a?i?noeee Aa?oaanueeiai
oi?aa?neoaoo (1995, 1997), ia i?aeia?iaeieo eiioa?aioe?yo c aeooaeueieo
i?iaeai no/anii? oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e a Ee?a? (1989, 1991, 1995,
1998), Aa?oaa? (1997), Ethae?i? (1998), ia Anaoe?a?inueeeo iaoeiaeo
eiioa?aioe?yo o *a?i?aia? (1996, 1998) oa I?aeei? (1994, 1996, 1998).
Aiie eyaee a iniiao aeaeaaie/i? i?ia?aie “E?oa?aoo?a ae?anii?e”,
?aae?ciaaii? aeena?oaioii (?acii c i?io.I.Eiaaeue/oeii) ia aac?
I?aeeinueeiai iaaeoi?aa?-neoaoo, aea ca eiai ?aaeaeoe??th aeeoei 2
iiiia?ao??, iiiaae 10 iin?aiee?a oa e?oa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/ieo ?ica?aeie c
?noi??? ai?a?aoe?eii? e?oa?aoo?e (oai?e I. Iaea?/aiea,
Ae.Ieo/aiea, ?.Ea/o?ianueeiai, ss. Neaaooe/a, ?. Eooa?y oiui), o?e eieae
eeno?a O.Nai/oea, Ae.Aoiaiii?, I.I?anoa, A.Einothea oa ?i., ?yae
ca??iee?a oa noaooae i?i oai?/?noue iiao?a-ai?a?aio?a, iecea ooaeiaei?o
eiea. Ca ooaaeith Eaa?iaoo I?i?no??a Oe?a?ie I?aeeinueeee
iaaeoi?aa?neoao – ?aeeiee ia Oe?a?i? iaa/aeueiee caeeaae, ui aioo?
niaoe?ae?no?a aeey no?aeii? ? cao?aeii? ae?anii?e. I?e iueiio noai?aii
i/iethaaiee aeena?oaioii aoiai?oa?iee oeaio? aeooiaii-eoeueoo?iiai
aca?iiiai?io oa ni?a?ia?oieoeoaa c ae?anii?ith.

?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? aeey i?aeaioiaee
aoc?anueeeo i?ia?ai oa niaoeeo?n?a, iin?aiee?a c ?noi??? e?oa?aoo?e
oe?a?inueei? ai?a?aoe??.

No?oeoo?a ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, o?ueio ?icae?e?a
(“Nenoaia ?aoa?aioii? (aae?anii-eiioi?eaoeaii?) e??eee”, “Nenoaia
iai?iacenii? ia?aciino?: oai?e c iaiaaeaiith ?aoa?aioi?noth”), “Nenoaia
ia?aoa?aioii? (aacaae?anii-iaeiioi?eaoeaii?) e??eee” oa aeniiae?a.

??. CI?NO ?IAIOE

O Anooi? iiaeaii i?iaeaiii-oaiaoe/iee iaeyae iaoeiaeo aeaea?ae,
aecia-/aii iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy, ?ic?iaeaii oa?i?iieia?/iee
?ino?oiaioa??e.

Eiaeia noeeueiaa nenoaia – i?ioean, ona?aaeei? yeiai aeoaea i?ieeai
iiai-aeyoueny ??ci? ci?noia? aeaiaioe. Aiie iiaeooue i?aeo?eioaaoe
nenoaio, ii?oooaaoe ? a?aeiiaethaaoe ??. Ooaeiaeiy iiaa ia?aaeaa/a?
i?yiee ? cai?ioiee iai?i aeanoeainoyie i?ae iiac??th ye ciaeiaith
nenoaiith oa nioe?io?ce/iei aeiae?eeyi. Ca eiaeiiai ?noi?e/iiai ia??iaeo
iiae?aia ia?aianaiiy aeanoeain-oae ciae?a ia ?a/? ? ?a/ae ia ciaee
ii?iaeaeo? iniaeeao oi?io ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? ??cieo eiiiiiaio?a ciaeiai?
o??aaee: ae?aaeaiiy, ci?noo ? ?aoa?aioiino? (iiaeeeaino? oioiaeiiai
ni?aa?aeianaiiy cia?aaeaiiai ?c cia?aaeoaaiei ? oioiaeiiai /eoaoeueeiai
ni?eeiaiiy oaenoo). Aeania, ia oeueiio ? ni?aoeueiaothoue i?oe o
aoaeue-ye?e eoeueoo??.

A ui ooaeiaei?e ci?no ia?aaea?oueny /a?ac iiao, oi e ??ci? oeie cacyce?a
i?ae ieaiaie ae?aaeaiiy, ci?noo ? ?aoa?aioiino?, ui i?eoaiaii? ??ciei
noeeueiaei nenoaiai, ?niothoue eeoa ye oaiaeaioe??, ye? i?eiee ia
aeinyaathoue aaeaeaaoiiai iiaiiai ao?eaiiy. Inue /iio eiaeia ooaeiaeiy
nenoaia i?noeoue o nia? ?yae aeueoa?iaoeaieo aeaiaio?a, ui
a?aeia?aaeathoue ?? o?ainoi?iaoe?eio i?ia?aio. I?ioa i?aenenoaiiee
iaoai?ci ia? oo ae iniiao, ui e iaoai?ci ia?niiaeueii?
(aioo??oiueinenoaiii?) aeeoa?aioe?aoe?? ooaeiaeiuei? naiaioeee. ??cieoey
i?ae ieie eeoa a oiio, ui ia?oee aeae aca?iei i?ae ieaiaie ae?aaeaiiy,
ci?noo ? ?aoa?aioiino? noino?oueny e?oa?aoo?iiai ainaiaeth a oe?eiio, a
ae?oaee – o?eueee oai??a ienueiaiieea. Oiio ie iiaeaii aiai?eoe eeoa i?i
o? oeie e?oa?aoo?ieo nenoai, ui aacothoueny ia eeaneo?eaoe?yo
?.sseianiia, A.Aea?aea-aeia, TH.Eioiaia ? ca?aathoueny (aai ia
ca?aathoueny) c eiioeaioe?yie ooiaeaoi??a nai?ioeee *.I??na ? *.Ii???na.

Naiai /ano O. aea Ninnth?, oi?ioethth/e aieiai? oace nai?ioeee, aenoioa
ia ia?oee ieai iaoiae neio?iiiiai aiae?co anoaoe/ieo yaeu. C?icoi?ei, ui
ae?ao?ii?y noeeueiaeo nenoai ia i?aeaea?oueny iienia? o eaoaai??yo,
i?eaeaoieo aeey aea/aiiy neio?ii??. Iine?aeiai?noue noeeueiaeo nenoai o
/an?, ia aeoieo A.Ii?aioey, iiaeia oyaeoe o aeaeyae? neio?iiieo c??c?a,
?icoaoiaaieo iaeei ca iaeiei, ? oiae? aeooae?co?oueny i?iaeaia
c?noaaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a, aeyaeaieo i?e ?ic??ciaiiio aiae?c? ci?ithaaieo
aeene?aoieo noai?a noeeueiaeo oaiiiai?a. C ?ioiai aieo, ? a ae?ao?ii??
ne?ae aeiaa/aoe aeene?aoiee ?yae neio?ii?e, ui aeicaieeoue aeaoaeoaaoe
no?oeoo?io oeiieia?th ooaeiaei?o nenoai, a?aeiia?aeii aei aeiia
neio?iiiiai, a ia ae?ao?iiiiai iieno e?oa?aoo?ieo yaeu. Oiae? aaeanoueny
aeae?eeoe o? i?eeiaoe, ye? a?ae??ciythoue ?aia?ooa? aeaiaio?a iaei???
nenoaie a?ae ?ioi? ? eaaei aeacaoe, aei yeeo ainaiae?a i?eeiao
(???a?o?/ii neeaaei?oeo) iaeaaeaoue c?noaaethaai? nenoaie.

O iaecaaaeuei?oiio ieai? i?aaii??ii aeae?eeoe o?e neio?iii? aeene?aoi?
noaie aaiethoe?? noeeueiaeo nenoai iiac?? OO no. oe?a?inueeiai
ca?oa?aeaey: a)?aoa?aioii? aai ae ?eii?/ii? (aae?anii-eiioi?eaoeaii?)
e??eee; a) iai?ia-cenii? (oai??a c iaiaaeaiith ?aoa?aioi?noth); a)
ia?aoa?aioii? (aacaae?anii-iaeiioi?eaoeaii?), ?iciaaeoaaiiy i?ae yeeie
ieneeoueny o aeaeyae? ?iaa?n?? oa eiiaa?n??.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “Nenoaia ?aoa?aioii? (aae?anii-eiioi?eaoeaii?)
e??eee” ?icaeyaeathoueny o? noeeueia? iiaeae?, ui a?aeoai?ththoue aeeooy
o oi?iao “naiiai aeeooy”; ?o no?oeoo?iee i?eioeei iaee?aua ia?aaea?
iiaeeea?noue ni?aa?aeianaiiy cia?aaeaiiai ?c cia?aaeoaaiei oa
/eoaoeueei? ?aoeaioe?? oaenoo.

O ia?aa?ao? “Oaeno ye na?o” ccyniao?oueny nooue ?aoa?aioii? ooieoe??
e??eee.

A iniia? nenoaie eaaeeoue oa noia i?eioeei?a iiaoaeiae ooaeiaeiueiai
ia?aco, yeo oiiaii iiaeia iacaaoe anoaoeeith oioiaeiino?. Iaieeaneoeeci,
neiaie?ci, iaiaa?iei, iai?aae?ci (? ?ii?an?ii?ci) ni?eeiathoue iiao ye
na?o, aaeaeaaoio ea?oeio ae?eniino?. Ca oeei, aacoiiaii, noi?oue
i?iaoe/ia eiioeaioe?y ienoaoeoaa (aeca?eaeueiiai a?aeia?aaeaiiy aeeooy,
?aeaioe/ii? o?aine?eioe?? ae?eniino?). Aiia-ai iniiao?oueny ia i?aaiaii?
onoiooe ??cieoeth i?ae ciaeueiaaiei iac?eoii (aeeooyi) ? iiaeaethth/eie
caniaaie (iiaith), ia a?aie/iiio ioioiaeiaii? cia?aaeoaaieo yaeu c oaea
a?aeiieie noa?aioeiaie ieneaiiy (iiioey?ieie oiiinaie ? iioeaaie,
onoaeaieie nthaeaoieie noaiaie, a?/ieie ia?acaie ? o.ae). Inoaii? ae, a
neeo nai?? i?e?iaee, oi/-ia-oi/ aeio?eiothoue aeenoaioe?? c on?i, ui
o?eueee iiaea neeaaeaoe ?iaeea?aeoaeueio nai???aei?noue yaeu. TH.Eioiai,
ca?nii, c ae?aeaeoe/iith aio/e?noth cacia/a?: “Oea – ienoaoeoai
ioioiaeiaiue. C?ooiaooth/enue ?c ??cieie yaeuaie: A1, A11, A111, An ,
aiii ia aoiieth?oueny iiaoi?thaaoe: A1 ? A, A11 ? A, A111 ? A, An ? A…
Oiaoi iiaoi?aiiy a oe?e anoaoe/i?e nenoai? ia iaoeia oa?aeoa?o
ae?aeaeoe/ii neeaaeii? aiaeia?? – aiii aoaea aaniethoiei ? aacoiiaiei.
Oea – iiac?y eeaneo?eaoe??”. Aaeaea ia iiaeia neacaoe, ui ia?ac?
eaeaoueny i?i yeonue ii?iaoeaio iiaoeeo, yea iiaea? ia?ae?e i?aaee, ye
noai?thaaoe ooaeiaei?e oaeno ? ye aeinyaoe aaaeaiiai ?acoeueoaoo.
Anoaoeea oioiaeiino? aa?a ca iniiao ianaiia?aae ye?ac ??ciiiai?oi?noue:
“Aeey oiai, uia iaaieiii iiaeia aoei iiaoi?thaaoe: “Oea ? A”, – o?aaa,
uia A1 ci?ithaaeiny ia An, ? oae aei aaceiia/iino?. Neea ooaeiaeiueiai
i?ciaiiy aeyaey?oueny ooo o oiio, ui aano?aeoia iiaeaeue A
ioioiaeithaaoeiaoueny c iaea?eueo ianiiae?aaieie, ianoiaeeie ia A aeey
iaooaeiaeiueiai iea yaeuaie aeeooy A1, A11, A111 ? o.ae.
Iaeiiiai?oi?noue ia iaeiiio iiethn? oioiaeiino? eiiiaino?oueny
iai?eai?eaiith ??ciiiai?oi?noth ia ?ioiio”.

Ia iaeiiio iiethn? oaei? iiac?? – canoeae? nenoaie ia?niiaae?a ? a?/ieo
ia?ac?a, ia ?ioiio – ?iceoo?noue, ?ii?ia?caoe?y ooaeiaeiuei? oai?/ino?,
iaiaaaiiy onth ??ciiiai?oi?noue aeeaiai iaoa??aeo cai?ioi?eoe i?ae
eiia?iaoe?th ciaeiieo /eoa/aa? oi?iaeueieo aeaiaio?a. Ii?aeiaiiy
e?aeiuei? ianaiaiaee oa e?aeiuei? naiaiaee naia e oa?aeoa?eco? anoaoeeo
oioiaeiino?.

On? iienai? iaie noeeueia? nenoaie a?ae??ciythoueny iaeia a?ae iaeii?
i??ith ?ii?ia?caoe??. A ni?eueiei o ieo ? oa, ui aiie: 1) ni?eeiathoue
iiao ye na?o, ye aaeaeaaoio ea?oeio ae?eniino?, 2) ona?aeiieththoue
na?o niene?a ye i?iaeiaaeaiiy oaeoe/ii? ae?eniino?, 3) ceeaathoue
ai?aeeii cia?aaeaia ?c cia?aaeoaaiei ? 4) iaaeathoue ciaeai ?aoa?aioiiai
noaoono.

E??i oeueiai, o ieo ?aeeiee nai?ioe/iee eiioeaio – ooaeiaei?e ia?ac,
oi/i?oa – ?eii (cia?aaeaia). A?i ?anoaa?o? i?aaeiao o eiai oe?e?niino?,
iac?aeio? aeai?, ui iinooiathoue /a?ac ??ci? /ooo?a? eaiaee cacyceo
ethaeeie c? na?oii (c??, neoo, caiao, niae, aeioee). Oaea iiac?y aeeiio?
?aoa?aioio (aai ?eii?/io, cia?aaeaeueii-ni?eeoaaeueio) ooieoe?th, aiia
nie?a?oueny ia e?i?ei?noue (iine?-aeiai?noue, a?aaeaoe?th) iiae ?
e?i?ei?noue aeaoaeoaaiiai o oaeno? na?oo ye eiai aenie?oeeoio
aeanoea?noue, ao?eaoo.

Aeena?oaio aeae?ey? aieiai? oa?aeoa?enoeee ?aoa?aioiiai ooaeiaeiueiai
ia?aco: 1) a?i neioaoe/iee, noai?aiee ca ?aooiie oe?eiai eiiieaeno
/ooo?aeo ni?eeiaiue, na?aae yeeo aeii?iothoue ci?ia? a?aaeaiiy, 2) o
eiai no?oeoo?? iioaioe?ei? aniaeoe ciaea – icia/aia e icia/oaaia – ia
noi?iiaai? e ia ?icae?eai?, 3) a?i a?eueoa iiacycaiee c iac?eoaie
ae?eiino?, a ia c eaoaai??yie nieneo, 4) noa?a iiaoooaaiiy ia?ac?a –
noni?eueia na?aeii?noue, aea aiie iinoathoue noac?eoeaii caaa?aeaieie e
ia?inoathoue anioe?aoe?yie, 5) ia?ac iiaea aooe iayaiei o na?aeiiino?
eeoa ca oiiae aeaeaeaiiy iac?eoa c iiey i?yiiai ni?eeiyooy, 6) ia?ac –
iiaeaeue ae?eniiai iac?eoa, acyoiai o eiai oe?e?niino?, aea a?i ia iiaea
oe?eeiaeoi ca?aaoeny c iei, 7) a?aeoeeaiiy ia?aco a?ae i?iia?aco
(iaoa??aeueiiai noano?aoo) ia? iaaeo, coiiaeaio iaaeaie eeano.

O ia?aa?ao? “Iaieeaneoeeci: aa?iii?y ye aeeneo?n” aena?oeaii aaiaco ?
noaiiaeaiiy ia?ianecio ia ai?a?aoe??, aecia/aii eiai nai?icen.

O?einionuee? i?aeaaeeie iaieeaneoeecio acaaae?, e oe?a?inueeiai cie?aia
(iaoa?eeiaiai oa iicaiaoa?eeiaiai), caeeaee iiioey?i? ia ceai? O?O-OO
no. eiioeaioe?? o?einio??, ineoieia?? e aio?iiieia??, /a?ac ni?eeiyooy
ia?aaeon?i oai??? a?oaoei?a E.THiaa, aeieo?eie oeeee?/iino?
oeea?e?caoe?e ? eoeueoo? I.Oiaiaea?a oa A.Oieia?.

Iaieeaneoeeci ye noeeueiaa iiaeaeue iinoaa a Oe?a?i? ia ii/aoeo 20-o
?ie?a O?O no. o ?ai? ee?anueei? oeiee iaieeanee?a /a?ac aieeae
oe?a?inueeiai (?.Eio-ey?aanueeee) ? i?iaoeueeiai eeaneoeecio
(E.-A.Aaoa), o?aioeocueei? a?oie “Ia?ian” oa ?in?enueeeo iiao?a n??aiiai
a?eo. Iaieeaneee ineoieia?/ii ia?a-i???iooaaeeny ia ?a?iia?ci
ooaeiaeiueiai ieneaiiy, iaiaaath/enue no?iith a?aeai?iaeeoeny a?ae
?aeaieia?? oa ?eoi?eee, yeeie aoei ia?aeiyoa no/ania ?i ienoaoeoai.

?.Ea/o?ianueeee ia? ?aoe?th: “…sseui o o?aioeocuee?e e?oa?aoo??
?ii?an?i-i?ci ccyaeany aaea i?ney ia?ianecio ? i?eeoia eiio ia ci?io, oi
a oe?a?inuee?e e?oa?aoo?? noaeiny ye?ac iaaiaee: ?ii?an?ii?ci ae?eoia
aei ian oaea iai?ee?ioe? O?O noi??//y (“Aeaeeoia o?iyiaea” Ean?
Oe?a?iee, i?ica Noaoaieea), a ia?ianeci iaa?aa ie?aneaieo oi?i uieii ia
aeaa aeanyoe??//y i?ci?oa…”. ?ai?oa oe?a?inueea eoeueoo?a ua ia aoea
aioiaa ni?eeiyoe aeooeai? oi?ie ?a?iiaenueei? iiac??. I?aeaioia/o ?iaioo
aeeiiaee I.Eoe?o, ?.O?aiei, Eany Oe?a?iea, I.Ai?iiee oa A.Nai?eeaiei
/a?ac iaiieaaeeaa ia?aeeaaeaoeoai. ? eeoa ?o ee?anuee? niaaeei?ioe?
(I.Ca?ia, I.Oeeeiiae/, I.Ae?ae-Oia?a, I.?eeuenueeee oa I.Ao?aa?aeo, yeee
caiaeii iieieany ia ai?a?aoe?? ? acya nia? inaaaeii?i TH. Eeai)
caii/aoeoaaee oe?a?inueeee ia?ianeci.

Iiaeaaaeaiiy iaieeaneoeecio ia ai?a?aoe?? iia’ycaia c /aoaa?oith a
?noi??? iaoi? e?oa?aoo?e aeeneon??th aeiaeiea iueiai – oeei ?acii i?i
eiai aeeoo?ni?i-iiaei?noue. A i?ae oei aeaye? a/ai? cayaeyee, ui
iaieeaneoeeci aeaaii noaa eaaaiaeith. Ca iueiai canooieeeny oiae? ua
aeeaee TH. Eeai noaooath “A?e iiaea ii/aoenue” (“Caaii”.-1943.- ??.3-4)
oa “Niiaaaeaie i?i iaieeanee?a” (Ithi-oai.-1947), I.I?ano noaooath
“Caiia?oe Ieeiee Ca?iaa” (“I?eee”.-1948.- ?.2) oa iiaoe/iei oeeeeii “Ars
poetica”. Aea iaeaia?a?ei?oa caoeuaa iiaoeeo iaieeaneoeecio
A.Aea?aeaaei, yeee aeae?oeoaaa o ia??iaeeoe? ieceo a?ioo?, ?ica?aeie,
noaooae oa ana?a. Ia iiaeia neacaoe, ui iaieeaneoeeci oia? c eiai
?ica?iiii ia iaoa?i?e Oe?a?i?, – eiai iai?iieiaeueio o?aaeeoe?th,
?aeaae?noe/ia i?aeianaiiy neiaa oa aeeaieee a?oenoeci aeoiee caa??a ?
ia?ai?n o ?a?iio TH. Eeai, ao?eeaoe ?o o iiai?-?iaaeoea? “I?ieeyo?
?iee”, ca??oe? e??eee “Ea?aaaee” e ?noi?e/i?e aiiia? “Iii?e ?iia??e”,
aea a??ooicia “eaae?noue a??oa e ea?aiaaia i?aoeeci?noue aeneiao”
ceeeeny c “oaieei e??eciii iao??ioe/ieo ii/ooo?a ? aeeaiei?aeaae?noe/iei
?icoi?iiyi iaoi? ai?a?aoe??”.

TH.Eeai a?aeaea? oe?ii?nio ia?aaaao iiae?yi ? yaeuai, ye? ia
/aniai-aaiaoe/iiio ai?eciio? aaeueie a?aeaeaeai? a?ae no/aniino?, ia
ia?aaeeo? aaciina?aaeiuei, a neacaoe a, ?aeaaeuei?, caa?aaeai? a iaicyo?
eoeueoo?e. ?o ci?no i?eoiaaiee ca oiauath /ano, caaeieoiaioiaaii o
ooaeiaei?o ? iaoeiaeo oaenoao, i?oao, ui i?eaeaathoueny c
aeaai?o-aeaaai. Ia?ac? aei?a/ii caaaeaoe eioaiiy aieiaiieiiaiaeoaa/a
?einueeith a?i??th Ia?ea Aioii?y aei oea?eoe? ?aeioo Eeaiiao?e;
i?iaiae?coaaaoe ua ia?oo Eeaiiao ?aaeaeoe?th a??oa “Aioii?e”
(?in?enueeo, 1922) ? ii??aiyaoe ?? c aeeioeoii “Aioii?e ? Eeaiiao?a”
(1933), aeena?oaio ae?eoia aeniiaeo: ia?oee ?iiaioe/iee a??o oe?eeiaeoi
aoaeoaaany ia ia?aaeeaiaoe/iiio cacyceo eaoaai??e “eioaiiy-nia?oue” ?
ooaa?aeaeoaaa aeoieo, ui /a?ac eioaiiy Aioii?e i?ia?aa a?eio; a iniiao
ae ae?oaiai (oe?a?inueei? ?aaeaeoe??) eyaea neioaaiaoe/ia ia?a “aea?oaa
Iaeeaae?-aea?oaa e?an?”, yea aaia?oaaea aeoieo, ui a??i?noue e?an? ia?
a?eueoo oe?ii?noue, i?ae a??i?noue Iaeeaae?. Aenoioeany iaia?aae aieiaia
aeey iaieeaneoeecio eiioeaioe?y e?ane. Ii noo?, iinoaa iiaee ooaeiaei?e
ainaiaeue, ui iiaeeioa aeaiaioe noa?i? ?iiaioe/ii? ii?ie e anei?ethaaa
?o. Ua ae?aci?oa o?ainoi?iaoe?eia caeaoi?noue nenoaie ?ice?eeany o
aeeioeoo “Aaao??/a”, aea, ii??aiyii c ?in?enueeith ?aaeaeoe??th “ss oae
n ia/oie i Aaao?e/a”, o oeaieio aieaoaii eaoaai??th ienoaoeoaa,
?ioaineo?eiaaio ieceith eiiioaoeaii no??aeieo ne?a: “Aeaioa”,
“oa?oeeie”, “ni?aaoeue”, “iiaoe e iaey?e”, “aacnia?oia na?oei iiac??”
oiui. Eioaiiy oaia? iaoa?oaaeiny ia aeuo ca iueiai oe?ii?noue –
ooaeiaeith oai?/?noue.

Aeina?ae iaieeaneoeecio cana?ae/o?, ui aeei?enoai? eieaei? nthaeaoe ?
ia?niiaae? (oaenoe) ao?a/athoue naith eiie?aoii-o?ii?eaeueio
i?ee??ieai?noue, iaaoaathoue oi?aa?naeueii?, iaae?noi?e/ii? i?e?iaee.
Oeae aeniiaie oiiaeeeaeth-?oueny, i?ei??ii, ia i?aenoaa? niinoa?aaeaiue
ca oei, ye o TH.Eeaia ia?ac Neiai?iaee aaiethoe?iio? o a?/iee ia?ac –
a?ae Neiai?iaee a iaeiieiaiiiio niiao? (1928) aei i?aeianaiiy eiai
on??th iiaeaeueoith oai?/?noth iiaoa ia aenieino? ineoieia?/iiai
eiiieaeno o?enoeyinueeiai aoiai?cio (cie?aia, o iiai? “Iii?e ?iia??e”).
Ia aeoieo I.I?anoa, iiao iai/ii cana?ae/ea, ui ?aeeiith neeith, yea
iiaea iiai?ioe aeaiii?/iee eiiieaen ?icaiocaeaii? ethaenueei? noeo??, ?
“aaccanoa?aaeiee ?aeaae?ci, i?eno?ania ca?iy aeia?a”. E?oa?aoo?iee
ainaiaeue “Iiiaeo ?iia??e” oaeiae /anoeiai ia?aaoaeiao?oueny: eieaei?
nthaeaoe e ia?ace oaea ia o??aiiaaaeothoue nenoaio, a i?inoaathoue ??
aei neiaie?cio. Iiaia ooaa?aeaeo? oa?aeoa?io aeey iueiai aeai?no?noue
na?oo: i?aae-iaoia na?aaeiaeua (iaa?? neai?o?eaoi??a) ?ice?eaa? naaa
/a?ac ?aeaaeueio iei-ueio, iiea /enoeo ?iaeiaeo iiiyoue (“Aia”, “aeooa”,
“iaoe?y”, “ia?iae” oiui). Oiio oae aaaeei a?aeiaaeoaaoe iaieeaneoeeci
TH.Eeaia a?ae eiai neiaie?cio. Ciaeia? iaeeieoe? ca?aathoueny, aea ?o
ca?a iiii?iiee. Iiae?aia nthaeaoii-iioeaia ?icai?oaiiy i?aeoi/o?
naiaioe/io nenoaio, aea ia aeaci?aai?co? ??, ai nai i?eioeei eiaeoaaiiy
? eiioeaioe?y ooaeiaeiueiai ciaea oioiaei?.

Ia i?eeeaae? oai??a TH.Eeaia aeena?oaio ?ethno?o?, ye a?aiue i?ae
i?oi-eia?/iei ? oaia??oi?i aeai?oieia?ciaaiei ieneaiiyi noe?a?oueny,
a?/i? ia?ace iio?aieythoue o eiioaeno nueiai/aniino?, noathoue
?eii?/ieie ciaeaie iiaeo anacaaaeueieo a?aeiioaiue. Noa?aeoa?eciaaii e
?io? ?ene iiaoeee iaieeaneoeecio – ?? ieanoe/io ae?aci?noue ?
i?ici??noue iiae. Oe?a?inueeee ia?-ianeci aeoiaeeoue ?c ?aeaaaioiiai
cacyceo i?ae nooiinoyie ? yaeuaie o oaeiio na?o? ciae?a, yeei ?
aii??e/iee na?o. Ci?ia ni?aa?aeiioaiue i?ae ci?noii ? eiai neiaaniith
a?aeoai?thaai?noth (?aoa?aioi?noth ? eiioi?eaoeai?noth) ooo ??aiineeueia
oiio, ui iaei? c ia?ac?a iiaeathoueny aeooaeueieie aeey noni?eueii?
na?aeiiino? (a?/i? ia?ace o TH.Eeaia), a ?io? (neaae?ii, acyo? ?c
aeeooy) – iicaae-ooaeueieie. Aeooaeueiee eiiiiiaio ooaeiaeiueiai na?oo
(iai?., ia?ac Neiai?i-aee) ia? cai?ieoe aiaeia?/iee eiiiiiaio o ea?oei?
na?oo, ui ioioiaeith?oueny ?c nioe?io?ce/iei na?aaeiaeuai. Oae
anoaiiaeth?oueny aea?aaeaioi?noue i?ae ieie. Ioaea, ae?aeaeoe/i? ci?ie
o ?iiaioeci? ? iaieeaneoeeci? – ?acoeueoao o?ainoi?iaoe?? o ia?oiio
aeiaaeeo e iia?aoe?? i?ioenoaaeaiiy a ae?oaiio.

O ia?aa?ao? “Neiaie?ci: ?aeay neioaco ? i?aai ia iacaaaiaii?noue”
?ice?eoi oaiaeaioe?? neiaie?cio o e??eoe? TH.Eeaia, I.I?anoa,
I.Noaoaiiae/a, A.Iaco?aiei, A.Iaaethea, I.Aaa?y, A.Aaa?eethea,
I.Eyoo?einueei?, I.Eeeeie I.Co?anueeiai.

I?iaeaia aaoiiiiiino? neiaie?cio oa eiai a?aeie?aieaiiy a?ae ?ioeo
nenoai ia nueiaiaei? ia ccyniaaia, oi/a ?? e ii?oooaaee A.Aea?aeaaei,
TH.Oa?ao, ?.Ea/o?ianueeee.

Neiaie?ci, ye ? ?io? noeeueia? iiaeae?, /e ae ? na?oeoueny eeoa aeaniei
na?oeii, yeui ia?aaaaeii anei?eth? /oae? yeino?. O eiai i?aeaaeeiao
aa/eoueny noi?o ??cieo o?einionueeeo a/aiue: ieaoii?anueei-ieio?inueeiai
(iaiieaoii?/-iiai) ?aeaae?cio, aeaaiuei?iae?enueei? o?einio??, ae?aci?
e iaoa?oaaiiy i?ci?oeo o?einionueeeo aeieo?ei, cie?aia A.Oiiaiaaoa?a ?
I.Aa?oiaia. Ia ?ac neiaie?ci cc?aeioaaany c ?ae?a??th, oainio??th.
Aeena?oaio, ca?nii, ia ciaeueiao? aeeai?, ?noi?e/ii iiaiioe?iii? ea?oeie
neiaie?cio c on?ia aoaiaie eiai iinooio, a i?aaia ia i?i?iaeueiiio
?ethno?aoeaiiio iaoa??ae? noa?aeoa?eco-aaoe eiai a?aei?oi? iciaee oa
o?ainoi?iaoe??, iieacaoe, /ei eiai “iaaaoue-e?aueiiee” aa??aio
a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae “aaouee?aueiiiai”.

Nai?icen neiaie?cio aecia/a?oueny oi?ioeith: yeui ?nio? ?aeaaaioiee
ca’ycie i?ae nooiinoyie ? yaeuaie, oi ?nio? e na?o noni?eueiiai
aeina?aeo, na?o nioe?ieoeueoo?ieo ciae?a. Iiae?? ia /aniaiaaiaoe/i?e
ieiuei? ia?a?ea/ano?, ethaeeia ia iiaea aooe ?o aeaoa?i?iaioith, iaae
iath ? yeanue aeua neea. Na?o iaoa??aeueiee – oea ?icii?ioai? /anoeiee
i?aaoooy, iiae?eai? o iaoiio ?icoi?ii? ia ?aea?, oi?ie, caiaoe, aa?ae.
Noiieoe a?/i?noue, iaieiou?noue oaeiai i?aaeeooy – ia?oa caaaeaiiy
nenoaie. Ae?oaa – ia?aaeaoe lcetat dcame (iano??e, noai aeoo?), yea ?
/anoeith anacaaaeueii? aeoo? Aaniethoo ? iiaooo? iica /anii (a??o “Eieae
i?no” I. I?anoa). Iica/aniaa aoooy iiaea?oueny ye aaceiia/iee ?
iai?ioeanoaeueiee aeo. Oiio anyea i?e/eiia ae?y caaaeaia aei ioey, aei
?? e?ioeaaiai ioieoo iaaeeceoeny ia iiaeeeai, aeey oeueiai o?aaa noaoe
nayoei (iiaia ieo?iiieeoa ?ea??iia “AEa?oaa aa/??iy”) aai Iaaeethaeeiith
(a??o I?oeoa” I. Aaa?y).

Oe?a?inueeee neiaie?ci ia?aeiya a?ae cao?aeiiai aaaaoi anoaoe/ieo
onoaiiaie (?aeaae?noe/ia o?einio?y, oai?/?noue – oi
eoeueoiai-ia?yaeiaee aeo, ienoaoeoai – oi ?ioo?oeaia inyaiaiiy na?oo,
ioce/ia noeo?y – oi i?ainiiaa aeeooy ? ienoaoeoaa oiui), oa iaaoa
?noi?e/ii iiai? nioe?aeueii? ? iaoe?iiaeueii? niaoeeo?ee. Ii-ia?oa, a?i
iia?ny ia “ei?aeioeaio?e/io” o?einio?th A. Neiai-?iaee oa I. TH?eaae/a,
ii-ae?oaa, aeeaeiii ae?acea i?noa??th aeooiaii? iiiie?oiino?
oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo ?, ii-o?ao?, ia ??cieo aoaiao aeaeea?oaaa
iaiaeii??aei? aoeei-anoaoe/i? e iie?oe/i? eiioeaioe??.

O?eaea oyae?iiy aei o?enoeyinueei? i?noeee aeyaea I. I?ano. Iaeei ?c
eiai oethaeaieo ia?ac?a – i?noi, yea a?i /anoi ii??aith? c “eieaith”
(iai?.,o a??o? “Eieae i?no”)12. O iueiai aiii, e??i cae/iiai naino,
neiaie?co? ua e iia?aie/i?noue i?ae aoooyi caiiei ? iioiea?/iei, ui c
iniaeeaith neeith i?ie?aneth?oueny iioeaii aeae?iiy, ca yeei iaeeaa?
aaeeea – o eaiii?/i?e oa aiie?eo?/i?e e?oa?aoo?? – o?aaeeoe?y
iiia?aeii-aeeaeaeoe/iiai aeai?o. O eae?oeao “eaoth/iai ni?ao” aaoi?ia?
aaeaea?oueny ia?aoo?iiy “iaea?/ieo iaiiieeueieo eiea”. Iaia noii?ao –
A?ae??, Ei?aio, Aaae oa ?ioeo “nayuaiieo eiea” (aeeth/ath/e e aaeee?
iaoe?iiaeuei? aiine), a yeeo aeienaii “cieio? i?aaeea” ethaenueeiai
ni?aaeeooy. I?ae ia?acii i?noa, ia aeoieo aeena?oaioa, c iaeiiai aieo,
iiaeia ?icoi?oe ethaenueeo ni?eueiioo (??onaeei13), a c ae?oaiai,
aeaai?e/ii cia?aaeaia i?noi iaaania, “Iaaaniee ??onaeei”, oea?noai
nayoeo ia iaa?. Aea oea o?eueee caeiaaae. Na?o, aeaoaeoaaiee o oaeno?,
oa eiai neeaaeia? iathoue noaoon i?aaeiao?a iainyaeii? iiiyo?eii?
nenoaie. Oea – na?o-oaeno ?c iacaaaiaiiei aeey “y” ci?noii. Iaeiicia/ii
iaieiae?oe eiai “iiaith”, aeania, iaiiaeeeai. O?aa ciiaa eiionue
c?icoi?oe aac aaoi?iaiai eiiaioa?y, neaae?ii, ?yaeie: “? o?eueee aeoo,
aeaaa ia aeia, ii!”? “Ii”, yeui a??eoe Oiai?oaaeai, yaey? neiaaniee
neiaie, iaae?eaiee iniaeeaith iaa?/iith neeith14, a aiia ae ai
aeiaeiiio ?aoe?i iai?aeaeaaeia. I?noeei-iainyaeieie aeaiaioaie iane/aia
a?eueo?noue a??o?a I. I?anoa. O eiai oai?/ino? ia?ii iioeae ?c neia?ico
o?enoeyinueei? neiaie?ee oa o?einio?? ?iaeo?cio (“??aaeue”, “Iaii?i?
na?oeii”, “Oanoaiaio”, “O o?ai? na. Oeue??oa”).

O?enoeyinueeo neiaie?/io eiioeaioe?th na?oo ao?eth? iiac?y TH.Eeaia
(“Aieiaeeie?”, “Nio?y”, iiaia “AEaiia ae’A?e”), ieo?iiieeoa ?ea??iia
(?.Ia?-?iea), cie?aia eiai i?noa??? (a??oiaaia o?eeia?y “AEeoaenueea
ii?a”, iiaia “AEa?oaa aa/??iyy”), ?.Iaeaithea (“?aaiaae?? i?eue”,
“Niai?”, “A?c?y”, “Iieeoaa” oa ?i.), TH.Eeie (“Euea?a”, “Na. TH??e”,
I?ieeyooy”), I.Noaoaii-ae/a (“A?ey no?iena”, “Iieeoaa”, “O?ano”, TH??e”,
“Iaae O?enoii”), ?.Ea/o-?ianueeiai (“Oi/eoue eai?iue neueico”, “Palma de
Mallorca”, “St. Wolfgang”, “Niai? o Ai?in?”, “O?anea a Ann?c?”) oiui.

Ioaea, ?noioiee iiiaio ?oiuei? iiaoeee – o?enoeyinuee? iioeae ? neiaiee.
A i?e iiaeia ae??cieoe aea? oaiaeaioe?? aeei?enoaiiy o?enoeyinueeeo
aeaea?ae: 1)oiiine, ui ae?aaeathoue iaeiicia/iee ?ae?a?eiee
?aeaae?noe/iee na?oiaeyae, iiaio a??o a Aiaa ye aaoueea ? oai?oey
anana?oo, aieiai? o?enoeyinuee? /aniioe ? 2) ?iaeea?aeoaeueii
ia?ao?aeoiaai? i?aaenoaaieeaie “iiaiai ienoaoeoaa” oiiine, ci?noe,
ia?ace, iioeae e neiaiee Iiaiai Caiia?oo.

O neiaie?ci? oe?a?inueeiai caei?aeiiiy ?niothoue oiiai? nai?ioe/i?
a?aeiia?aeieee iaaieo cia/aiue, ni?aa?aeiinieo o ia?oo /a?ao c iniiaiith
ia?aaeoiiaith ci?iaiai ni?eeiaiiy na?oo – na?oeii ? eiai aeaea?aeaie
(niioea, i?nyoeue, aeaiue, a?eia, na?/?, eaiie, aiaiiue, aeaeo?eea, ci??
oiui). Aiie, ?c aeanoeaith ?i naiaioeeith, caaaa/othoue nenoaio
ooaeiaei?o cania?a, o?aaa a?aoe aei oaaae ?o eieae?caoe?th (aieco,
aai??, caieo), niin?a ?iciianthaeaeaiiy (yne?aaee, neaaeee, ?icn?yiee),
aeeoa?aioe?aoe?th i?ae ina?oeaieie ? iaina?o-eaieie i?aaeiaoaie. Iai?.,
a ???a?o?? oe?iiinoae I.Eyoo?einueei? ia?aaei? i?noea iin?aeathoue
aiai?, caa?aae, i?/ ? i?/i? ??ciiaeaee na?oea, a aeaiue ?c eiai na?oeii
iaeaaeeoue aei iaaaoea?a. I?/ia na?oei ? eiai ??ciiaeaee i?aaothoue ca
?ioaineaia nae?aeueia na?oei, iaeaeuee aeya aiaeanoaaiiino? i?e?iaee,
aeaiaio na?oiaoaeiae, ?aeaaeueio oi?io ?nioaaiiy na?oo15. “O na?o? iaio?
Eiycue Oueie”, – eaaea aiia. “Aia” I. Eyoo?einueei? – yce/ieoeueeee,
aiioe?eiee; ceeoeny c i?e?iaeith, ia ?? aeeaiea ia?aeiiaiiy, oea
cia/eoue ?icoaiooe a oai?ya?, a caoueia?aiiio eiei?eo? ? ao?aoeoe naith
a?aeiniaeai?noue (oa?aeoa?io aeey oaia??oiueiai aoooy), ?ic/eieoeny a
yce/ieoeuee?e o?aaeeoe??, yeo aiia iaenoa?ii ia?aaea? /a?ac noai?o
iuaaeeea?noue neiaa e aiaeaiaoe/iee ae?ac.

A?ae/ooii aieeioee ia neiaie?/io iiac?th oe?a?inueei? ai?a?aoe??
aeinya-iaiiy iia?oiuei? ineoieia?? – c ?? eaoaai??yie neianoac??,
ia?aaeon?i eieuei?iaiai neooo, eieuei?iaeo ? a?ae/ooieo ia caiao
caaaeueieo iiiyoue. Aaaaoi neianoac?eieo ai?oao?a, /anoi caiice/aieo c
oniiiiaoe/ii? ia?iaeii? o?aaeeoe??, o oai?ao TH. Eeaia (“ei?e/iaaa
aeiaa”, “/a?aiia iia/aiiy”), ?. Iaeaithea (“/i?ia aiey”, “aeiaoa
aeo?aa”), N. Ai?aeeinueeiai (“n??a eanea”, “caiaoia neiai”, “neiy
/oaeeia”). Aea ia o?eueee ai?oao?a. O?aieythoueny oe?e? oai?e, ui
aeaoaeiaai? ia neianoac?? (iai?., a??o I. Eeeeie “Caeaia e?oa?aoo?a”).
Oaaaeaiee a oaeno caeaiee eie?? ? anacia/ouei, iia ? iaiacaaiee a?eee,
ine?eueee eieae, e?oa?aoo?a anioe?ththoueny c iaia?ii. C iacae aeaeii,
ui aeoea?ciaaiee caeaiee eie?? aenooia? iiiceoe??th aei a?eiai,
?noeiiiai, oiio iaea?aeo? noaoon iaae?aaeueiiai, o?eoeaiiai. Eiai o?aaa
iaoe ca ciae /iainue. Eiio i?eoaiaiiee o?eaiaeiee oa?aeoa?, a?i
a?aeneea? aei iicaiaaeii? noa?e. Ioaea, I. Eeeeia nie?a?oueny ia
?icoi?iiy ae?eniino? ye oai??iiy Aiaa-Ooaeiaeieea, oiio ?iciaaeiaai?noue
ia eieuei?e, a?eee (i?e?iaeiee) ? caeaiee (ooo/iee) iieaco? caio?aiiy
na?oo a oain. Oiaoi a iniia? nai?e ienoaoeueea eiioeaioe?y I.Eeeeie
ca?aa?oueny c i?noe/iith eiioeaioe??th ana?aeiino? oa ?? iaaeia??ith aei
aiinaieia?? e aeoeaioii ia iniaeeao i?n?th iiaoe/ii? a??e.

Naia niiinoa?a (caoeiaee na?o) o neiaie?no?a /anoi aeeoa?aioe?eiaaia –
ia caoee aeene?aoi? e iaaeene?aoi?, i?e?iaei? e ooo/i? (iai?.,
iaoai?/i?, ioce/i? ? o.ae.), ethaenuee? e iaethaenuee? (i?niy ? aeooy,
oeoa ? e?ee, noia?i ? naeno, oea?eiaiee aeca?i ? iino??e), ? eiaeai c
ieo, aacia?a/ii, oai?eoue aeeiio? yeonue neiaie?/io ?ieue16. O iiaoe/i?e
nenoai? A.Aiae caoe ia? e?eueea neiaie?/ieo aa??aio?a: caiiee,
eini?/iee, eeiinue ii/ooee (nae?aeueiee aiein oea?eiaiiai aecaiio o
a??o? “Aei O?enoa”), aai ia ii/ooee. Aeoaea oe?eaaee eiai ??ciiaeae –
caoe-no?oi?iue, caoe-iia?a (“Ia aanaeoe? noi?oue Iaoe Aiaea”), inoaii?e
ia?aaeaiee /a?ac iaoaoi?o: Iaoe Aiaea “a??” aeooai “a?eeith aeoi?” ? ?
aea?aaeaioii iicaaa?aaeueiiai, aeuiai ni?eeoaaiiy (/a?ac ?nona O?enoa ?c
anaeainueeei aoooyi). sseui a?aooaaoe i?oieia?/i? ? a?ae?ei? oyaeaiiy
i?i aeooo ye i?i iia?a ? ?aaiaaeuenueeee ca’ycie aiaeanoaaiiiai
iaoaaieino c aeooii, oi “eaa?o-caoe” A. Aiae ia ui ?ioa, ye naia
“aeooa-iia?a”. “Caoe” ? “iia?a” – ??ci? iacae iaei??? ? o??? ae ?aae??:
o?aiaoii? aeoo? anana?oo. Iaoaoi?a “a?oa?-Aeoo Aiaeee” aoea iniaeeai
iioe?aia o na?aaeiueia?/i?e aiaineianuee?e e?oa?aoo?? oa aeeaiien?,
cie?aia a nthaeao? i?i Aeaaia?uaiiy17.

O uiiaeo?ni?o?e noacyc? ?c neiaie?ciii ia?aaoaa? oaeiae yaeua
caoeineiaie?cio. Iiaoe, a?aeiia?aeii aei nai?o caaaeaiue, ca ?aooiie
eiia?iaoe?e aieinieo oa i?eaieinieo iaaeathoue nai?e iia? aoaeoo
i?ici?ino?, aai ae, iaaiaee, caaaaeeiaiai caooiaiaiiy. Eiao?oe??io
i?ici?ino? aeoaea aenieee o TH.Eeaia, ca?nii, oiae?, eiee a?i noaaeoue
nia? ca iaoo aeinyaiooe aeniei? ioce/iino? iiae (“E??cue i?ain?iue”).
No?oeoo?a oaeeo oai??a iaa?aec?iia a?ae i?iniaee/ieo ? neioaene/ieo
ni?iiia iiaiiai iaoa??aeo. TH.Eeai aeei?en-oiao? e?eueea ooaeiaei?o
i?eeii?a: aniiain caoe?a ?-i-o (“AA/??iy iIoIeIaeue iAi? o nA?oeA a??,
OeAe ??e aoa ye In?ii?e e?n, AeA eAaeaA iaoiA uA oaae?y ? iAaI
aeeaeoueny e??cue i?IcIeIoue aA??c”); ia?iiiiac?th (“iaI? – in?I-I?e”);
aoeiieia?caoe?th (“in?II?e”), iineeaio eiioaenoii, cie?aia neiaaie
“iioieiaeue” oa “a?eini?aeiee”, ui nai?ie ineoio?ce/ieie eiiioaoe?yie
caoaeaeothoue a oya? /eoa/a ia?ac ?iath. ?, iaaiaee, ca ?aooiie aniiaino
“a-a-a” o noi?yc? c aeeniiainii “o-o-u” iiaea i?eaeoooaaoe iiao, ye,
neaae?ii, o “Aaeueio?a??a?e ii/?” (“Ii OAnioa OAeeaAi i?iiAUee, OAiioa
a?i iA OAaAO ? aAeue”).

Noaano?y – i?aai?/iee aeaiaio e??eee oe?a?inueeiai ca?oa?aeaey, ia iaio
aaaeeeaee, i?ae neiaie. Aiia – eeth/ aei iiina?aaeeiaaii? aeni?an??,
iaoao?-ceee iaa?thaaiiy, ioce/ii? iaa??. Caeeaeo?oueny neiaie?nonueea
e??eea c ioceeith ii-??ciiio: /a?ac caiice/aiiy ioce/ii? oa?i?iieia??
(“?ioa?iaoeoei”, “Aaicaenueea ?ainiae?y”, “I?ny/ia niiaoa” ?. Iaeaithea,
“Eiiy/a niiaoa”, “Aeca?eaeueiee e?a?aeae ia oi?oai?yiiaeo i?aeeao”
A.Aiae??anueei?), iiene eiioea?o?a (“Eiioea?o” A. Aiae, “Ia eiioea?o”
?.Aieiaeeie?a). Aeinyaa?oueny oea ? /a?ac ?ie?onoaoe?th oai?o
aeaiaioaie ia?iaeii? i?ni? (“Iaeia eeo eaeeia” N.*a?iaoeueeiai, “Ie
aaea /an” I.E?aoa), aeei?enoaiiy aioo??oi?o ?ei (“Ie, i?aeo, iia?aaeo ii
ne?aeo” A. Ieaenaiae?iaa, “I?ny/ia niiaoa” Ae?ie), caoei-iane?aeoaaiiy
(“Ai?iaeia i?/” I. Aa?aoai/aiea, “Aeeii? aeae?” Ae. Io?a).

Iaeiae iacaia?a/iee neioac e??eee c ioceeith a?aeaoaa?oueny o noa??
naiiai neiaa: ianooia? ci?ia ooieoe?? inoaiiueiai – c ?ioi?iaoe?eii? ia
iano?i?ao, ioceea oi?o? oeyo aei anaiaoe/iino?, cia/aii?aiai ieaio?iiy,
???aoe?iiaeue-ieo aeeaei. Iiaoe-neiaie?noe oai?youe iia? neiaa,
nie?ath/enue ia noa?? ei?ai?, aia?oi ooeathoue a?aeo?iee ae?ac?a ? o.ae.
Aeaye? c iiaaoe?e aeoaea oe?eaa?: a N.Ai?aeeinueeiai iaioa? aeaiaio
ia?aoe?? ? i?iaoe/iiai iieno, aoae/a? aea?aaeaioe?y, aaoiiii?co?oueny
noa?a ciaeo. TH. Eeai c??ea?oueny i?eioeeio iaia?a?aiino?, I.Eeeeia ana
/ano?oa canoiniao? ia?aaeienae?cie, i?eeiie “niiaeae/ino?”, AE.
Aaneeuee?anueea ianiaaeo? ia?aoe?th aeaiaioaie aaeaaee. I.I?ano
?ic?iaey? iiaoeeo iaae?aaeaeueiino?, ia?aa??yth/e o?ce/ia aoooy
eaoaai??yie a?/iino? ? /ano, nio ? iaaoooy, I. Co?anueeee a?aeeeaea?
iaoao?ceeo, cai?iaaaeaeo? eiioeaioe?th “?ioaa?aeueii?” iiac?? ? ia
oa?ieoue aei’y/aieo o ooaeiaeiueiio na?o? aeaiaio?a aiioe?iiae?cio,
naiicaaeeaeaiiy, ia?acieo noa?aioei?a. On? aiie i?ecae/aththoue /eoa/a
aei aeoiee, ui ooaeiaei?e na?o o?aaa ni?eeiaoe ?iaeoa, i?ae
iia?aeiieaiiy, ai aieiaia a iueiio ia ?icoi?iiy, a aei?ii?ithaaeueia
neea, ? o?aaa ai?oe ciaeoe neaiaee ?icaaaeoaaiiai ci?noo, ?icoeo?oaaoe
iaaeiiiaeaia, ui noeea?oueny c? noa?ith “oaiieo eueio?a” ethaenueei?
ineo?ee.

? oi/a ca?oa?aeiee oe?a?inueeee neiaie?ci aoa eeoa ?noi?e/iei a?aeeoiiyi
neiaie?cio caaaeueii?a?iiaenueeiai, eiai iine?aeiaieee “iiaeeeai a?eueoa
i?ae iiaoe ?ioeo iai?yie?a, ?ioaineaii oe?eaaeeeny aeanieie ineo?/ieie
?ae?i-neie?ac?yie e ?ice?eaaee o nai?o a??oao o? ineo?/i? iao??
ethaenueei? aeoo?, ui aoee iai?enooii? eaai?aoi?iiio niinoa?aaeaiith a
iaooe?…C oeueiai iiaeyaeo oe?a?inueea neiaie?noe/ia iiac?y, oi/ o
ii??aiyii? c ?a?iiaenueeith aeaui ni?cieeany, cao/aea na?aei ?
oe?eaai”18.

Aei iaenoia?a/eea?oeo ? iaaeinoaoiuei aena?oeaieo i?iaeai ai?a?aionueei?
e??eee iaeaaeeoue iiaoeea iaiaa?iei (ia?aa?ao “Iaiaa?iei: eaoano?io?ci
ye aeeneo?n”), ie?ai? aniaeoe yeiai aeine?aeaeoaaee Ae.*eaeaanueeee,
A.Aea?aea-aei, TH.Oa?ao, ?.Iaeaithe oa ua aeaooi.

C iiaeyaeo niaoeeo?ee nai?ioe/ieo ia?aaeoiia iaiaa?iei, ye ? neiaie?ci,
cai?iaaaeaeoaaei iaeei ? oie aea no?oeoo?iee i?eioeei: aeeooc?th ?a/ae
oa ciae?a. Caeaaaeiny a, i?ae ieie aaaaoi ni?eueiiai, o ia?oo /a?ao –
eiioeaioe?y i?inoi?iaiai /ano, ca?aeii c yeith /aniieei iiaa?oaany
iacaae, iiae?? a iueiio i?ae caouoaaeeny o i?inoi?? – ni?eeiaeeny
/eoa/ai i?ae eooii ci?o oaiii?aeueiiai ii?yaeeo. Inue /iio oaia
No?aoiiai Noaeo, iai?eeeaae, aa??thaaea ? a neiaie?nonueeeo oaenoao
(“?ae” A.Aa?ee), ? a iaiaa?i/ieo (“Iieeoaa” ?.Iaeaithea). Ia
/aniaaiaoe/iiio ai?eciio? ?noi??? oae? oai?e a?aeia?aaeoaaee e?aeith
oi/eo (Aanietho), ca?aeee e ii/eiaeany cai?ioia aei?iaa. Ethaeeia
cae?enith? caieiooee ?oo o /an?, a?i nea?iaaiee a?ae oaia??oiueiai aei
iaeaooiueiai ? iaaiaee. sse iieacaa A.Oiii?ia, a/eieiaa ae?y
i?iaeoo?oueny iae?aco ia aea? ieiueie: iaeaooi? ia?aaeeaa?oueny o
oaia??oiueiio ? iaaiaee19. Noi?uaiith o nueiai/aniiio ??cieo /aniaeo
ieai?a a?aeiia?aeaee iioeae nei?iieiouino? aoooy, ia?aae/anii? nia?o?,
caoai-?thaaiino? noni?euenoaa, oe? oaie caonoa iiethaeyee ia ?noi?e/i?e
Aaouee?auei? iine?aeiaieee nenoaie ? neiaie?nonueei?, ? iaiaa?i/ii?. C
?ioiai aieo, a?ae/oooy /aniai? ??ciiieaiiaino? oaia??oiueiai niiioeaei
aei aeeooy iioeae ?aaaia?aoe??, a?/ii? iieiaeino?, aacnia?oy. A
oe?a?inueeiio iaoa?eeiaiio iaiaa?iei, eio?a, ye a?aeiii, caciaei aieeao
oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e OV??-OV??? no., iioea?a o?ce/iiai aacnia?oy
iaeaea iaia. O “Aioiaiia?e ii/?” I.Aaaeaia ciaeueiaaii aa?iy, yeee ua
?ac aeaee?a? o nia?o? “eeio/o i?/ c iaooiaiiyi ? aeiii”, a a ca??oe?
“E?o/a” O.Inueia/ee cao/aoue iioeae coe?eaiiy a?ae nia?o?, anoaaaiiy c
a?iao oiui. ? eeoa e??eea ?.Iaeaithea aeoeaioo? ia aacnia?o?
(aoae?aie/eo iacaeaaeii? Oe?a?ie: Ae.Aaeeoeueeiai, ?.Iacaie, I.I?eeea,
O.Oaa/aiea, N.Iaoeth?e, A.Othothiieea).

I?eaeyiueiinue aei ia?aeiiieo iiiaio?a ?noi??? a e??eoe? ?.Iaeaithea,
eiee ae??oo?oueny aeiey aea?aeaaiino?, a caa?ica iaaena? ? iaae ??aeiith
caieath, ? iaae ?a?iiith. Ooo eiai o?eaiaei? ia?aae/oooy eaoano?io?cio
ia?aie?oathoueny c aeaeaaeaionueeeie oa anoaoieia?/ieie iano?iyie
iiaea?i?cio.

O ia??iae i?aeai?iiy a Iieueu?, aea ca?iiaaeeeany aaeeea e?euee?noue
ai?-a?aio?a, ?aea? eaoano?io?cio aeoaee a iia?o??. I/aaeaeii, i?ae
aieeaii I. Oiai-aea?a ? O. I?oaae-?-Aannaoa, a oaeiae a?ae/ooieo
?noi??inionueeeo oaiaeaioe?e o iieuenuee?e eoeueoo??. Aeooiaii aec??aaea
ia ai?a?aoe?? e oe?a?inueea ?noi??inionueea oeiea (Ae. Aeiioeia, TH.
Eeia, TH.Eeai, I. Iooei, I.Ieueaee/, I. Oae?aa, I. Eyoo?einueea, I.
E?aeoeueea-Oieiaeia, I.Noaoaiiae/, E. Iinaiaec oa ?i). On? aiie, iiaoe ?
ioae?oeenoe, ca oaia??oi?ie iiae?yie oaaaeoaaee iaeaooi?. Oiio no/ani?
iiae?? inienethaaee ye i?ia?uaiiy, ca?aene aaci?aoea-aeaioiee ??no
iioea?a i?i?ioeoaa (“Iieeoaa”, “I ?o ia o?enoa” I.Noaoa-iiae/a),
a?c?iia?noaa (“Iea/? ??ai??” A.Aa?anaae/a, “I?ieeyooy” TH.Eeie).

Aeaaeae? aeeaoa eiie?aoeco?oueny i?iaeaia “/an-ia?iae-?noi??y”. O ??
?one?, ca?nii, inieneththoueny iioeae a?eie ? ie?o, aiiiaei? ca nai?th
i?e?iaeith, iia?o?, ca ineoieia?/iith aiaeia??th, ia aeina?ae
Oaa/aieiaeo “Aaeaeaiae?a”. Iinoao? ? yaeua iiai? aiioe iio?aieythoue o
ci?noiaee eiioaeno iiaie, cie?aia ea?oeie oaeanoaa Aiioith nai?o ae?oae
(“O?eaie c iiaie” ?.Iaea-ithea). O O.Oaa/aiea Aiioa i?aaioa ao?aoeoe
naith o?eanio iaieiieo, a?aeiniaeoeny a?ae ieio? ? aeieo/eoeny aei aeui?
?inoaioe??. A?i ?iceieth?oueny ia “y” ? “ia-y”, ? oea “ia-y”
i?iaeooaaeiny ia ?ioee aei??, ni?eeiaeiny o aeaeyae? eiainue ?ioiai (a
?aeaae? — naiiai Aiaa), ? oaeno i?i/eooaaany ye naieoe?i-iiaaiee c aeui?
?inoaioe??, /oaeee. Uia ooioiaeieoeny ?c naiei niaith, o?aaa aoei
ca?eueieoeny a?ae aeiaaeeiaiai, ieionueei? /ooo?aino? ? aeaanoe nai?
“y” iaciai?, iica o?ei (“Iioe?eoaaa ia?oaeo a i/?, // O?anoeoue,
iae?eaa? /a?aiiith eeoaeeith…”; “Iioe?eoaaa, ia?ao?anoea, iie?ea…”).
Oiio i?ney ae?oiaaeanoaa Aiioa e aiaeth? aei Aiaa.

Ia i?ioenoaaeaii? “o?ei—aeooa” aoaeo?oueny e “O?eaie c iiaie”
?.Iaeaithea. O?eueee yne?aai ae?aaeai? naaiaioe o?eaniino? a iueiio
aenooiathoue ia ia’?eoii cia?aaeaiiy, a iiaith iieno iaoi? e?eaaai?
?noi???. Ooo a?oeeoethth/a “y” aae?a? a naaa ?noi?e/io ae?eni?noue,
“aeniieoo?” c ia? ?ioi?iaoe?th i?i o?aa?/i? noi??iee ieioeiai,
no?oeoo?o? ?? ia naini?ieo ??aiyo ni?eeiaiiy. O?ei a oaeiio aeiaaeeo
iaaaaeo? neeaaeio nenoaiii-ia?a?iaio iaoeio, ui ?cciai? iaea?aeo?
?ioi?iaoe?th /a?ac eaiaee a?coaeuei?, ithoia?, a?oeeoeyoe?ei?,
oi?iiooai?thaaeuei? e e?iaoe/i?, ia?iaey? ?? ? caaaiy? o
i?aena?aeii?noue. Ii?iaiiaai? iaoaii?oice o ooaeiaeiueiio na?o?
?.Iaeaithea io?eiothoue oa?aeoa? aeeiai?/iiai ?ic/eiaiiy “y” a ?noi???,
iaoa yeiai — ceeoeny c aeaniith nooi?noth, ua ?ac ia?aaeeoe ?noi?e/i?
eaoaee?cie. Iiac?y aeeoa? oa?aeoa?iei aeey iaiaa?iei ii?aeiaiiyi
aeaeaeeo iiiyoue: “?noi??y” ? “aieaaeyaeaiiy”. Iioeae oioaeueieo ?
a?iioaoe/ieo eaoano?io?ci?a (a aiie iaaca?i ia?aieaoai? ye c
aeaeiino?oeoea?ciii, oae /anoeiai e ?c iinoii-aea?i?ciii, ui aeia?a
iieacaa Aea???aea) cono??/a?ii ? a ?ioeo a??oao ?.Iaeaithea (“A?o?e
?noi???”, “Iaien ia eiec? a??o?a”, “?c “Iieeio”, “Iaa?ee ?ic??aaee
?oee”, “Aa?ycueea aaeaaea”, “Oaa/aiei”, “Iaae/a?iaeuei?noue”,
“I?ic??iiy”, “Ee?a”, “Naaa”, “C “Iieoaae”, “Iaae iiaeeith Aaneey
Othothi-ieea”). Eiaeai c ieo aeienaiee ia iiiceoe?ei?e ia??, ia
aioeoac?: “? ioe?ieo, /iai ia aaeaeiny caaaiooue: sse o oaco aiiacea
aioeoaca”. I?i oea ae na?ae/aoue oaeiae aeaye? iacae ca??ie: “Noeeao ?
noeein”, “Caiey e cae?ci”, “Ia?noaiue ? iinio”.

I?eaa?oa? aei naaa oaaao i?iaeaia aeeneo?no iaoe?? a iaiaa?iei. A?aeiii,
ui ooaeiaei?e na?o ia? iaaio iaoa??aeueio i?ioyaei?noue, yeo A.Aaaaaa
iaceaa? “iaoe??i?inoi?ii”20 ? iaaio o?eaae?noue eiai noai?a oa
?ioa?aae?a i?ae ieie, oiaoi /an—ye aeanoea?noue oeueiai na?oo, a ia nooi
e?iaa?noe/ia eaoaai??y. I?ino?? ? /an caaaeaee eiinoeooththoueny o oai??
“iaai?ii” a?aeiia?aeieo yaeu ? i?aaeiao?a. Iaeaeiaaeuei?oeie c ieo ?
a?eie, ni?aaaei? aiiiaei? eaoano?ioe, a ia ?o ia?iae?eia
i?oieia?coaaiiy, ye i?ei??ii, o “A?ei? aeaa ?c ieoaie”.

?. Iaeaithe eiino?oth? o nai?o oai?ao caieiooee eaoano?io?/iee /an ?
i?ino??, caiiaieaoe oeae eiioeiooi aeeaiei ia?aaeeoeie o?aa?/ieie ? iaio
o?aa?/ieie iiae?yie oa ?aoeaen?yie ?o. *eoa/ i? oiai, i? ?ioiai iiaea e
ia aa/eoe, aea ia? aeineoue i?aenoaa, uia ona ?aeiino?othaaoe,
uii?aaaea, a iaeiiio aeiaaeeo oea ia aeiaaaoeia iniaeeaeo coneeue (a??o
“Ea?iaoe”, aea ?eii?/ia ea?oeia aeecueea aei iiaooiaeo oyaeaiue i?i /an
? i?ino??), a a ?ioiio ia uinue iiae?aia ni?iiiaoeny neeaaeii, iniaeeai
oiae?, eiee iiao iiaea? iacae/io i?inoi?iai/aniao eiino?oeoe?th
(neaae?ii, o oeeee? “C aa?ya?a”).

I?ino?? ? /an iaiaa?i/ieo aaoi??a iaiaaeai? e caieioo?, o eiaeiiai,
iaaia ??/, ona oa iaaeeeoiaaii aeaniei aeaeaoeciii: o eiainue – oi ai?e,
??ee, ica?a, ai?eciioe, iaai ? caiey, ca ye? ia ia?ai?uothoueny aeaiaioe
ooaeiaeiueiai na?oo. O ?. Iaeaithea eaeaoueny i?i aenie? neiaiee — ciaee
aeiaaeueii? eaoano?ioe, ai naia aiie ciaiaiothoue ?ioaineai?noue aoooy,
a aaciiae??a?noue ? aaceaoa-no?ioi?noue ia ?oiueiio oe? o??aiththoueny
?c canoeae?noth, ?ia?oi?noth. “Oai?/?noue ?, ia?o ca ana, ii?ea aeooa
aei caeoyaenoaa iaae “ae?eni?noth”, a cia/eoue— ii?ea aei
iania?oaeueiino?. Oea naiai ?iaeo, “aeeiai?/ia aioeea”. ?.Iaeaithe “aoa
? eeoeany “iiaoii aano?aeo?a—I?ino??, Aeiey, ?noi??y, Einiin, a iaaeoi
/anoi Aeiaa. Na ai?/ii-o?aa?/ia Aeiaa…”21. I?ioenoaaia (aioeoaoe/ia)
aeieo?eia iaiaa?iei noaa?aeaeo?, ui yeui ?nio? aii??e/iee na?o,
caneiaie?ciaaiee o ciaeao (iai?., Oe?a?ia, Iaoe, Noai o ?.Iaeaithea), oi
aeaea?oueny ?aeaaaioiei cacycie yaeu ? nooiinoae. Inue /iio
i?ciaaaeueiee aeo aeey iiao?a iaiaa?iei noac?eoeaiee ca nai?th
i?e?iaeith, eaea a?ae ?iaeea?aea, ui cia? aaao ciaeiaeo oe?iiinoae, aei
oaeoe/iiai aoooy. Ooaeiaei?e na?o iaiaa?iei aaaaoee ia iaoaii?oice, ye?
iathoue aeeiai?/iee oa?aeoa? ?ic/eiaiiy “y” a ?noi??? ? aeeoathoue
aiieae?inenii. Oea ia cia/eoue, ui ia ieoa a?i i?i aanio, aeoi?,
ci??, eioaiiy. Ieoa, aea oe? yaeua aenooiathoue ia iane??cieie, a
neooa-oeaieie aeaoaeyie eiai ooaeiaeiueiai na?oo, “i?aoeththoue” ia
neiaiee.

Aeaye? iiaoe ?ici?inoi?ththoue /an oeaeiyie, i?nyoeyie, ?ieaie
(iai?eeeaae, O.Iaoa??iei). ?. Iaeaithe aeiaeaa?oueny oeueiai aoaeoo
aa?i?/ieie ? o?aa?/ieie iiae?yie, ia?iaeaeaiiyie ? nia?oyie (ethaeeie,
aea?aeaae, eoeueoo?e), ii/aoeii ? caaa?oaiiyi i?ioeano. A?i aea
aaeeaeth?oueny a o?iiioii oaeiae nai???aeieie neai?o?eaoaie — oeyoii ?c
“Aa?ya o A?aee”, Coaiii, Noiaeii ? ?a?iiith, a?eiaie, ?aaiethoe?yie,
aecaieueieie ciaaaiiyie, iianoaiiyie, ii?aceaie.

Iniaeeaa i?noea a e??eoe? iaiaa?iei caeiathoue oae? caniae cia?aaeaiiy,
ye oi?ia, iaoa??ae, noanoaioe?y o ?? ??cieo noaiao (aac, ??aeeia, a’yce?
?a/iaeie, oaa?ae? o?ea, ?o onoaeai?noue ? iaonoaeai?noue, ieanoe/i?noue
? e?eoe?noue, ii??i?noue ? i?aeaeaoeea?noue uiaei ciai?oi?o aieea?a,
oaeoo?a, ?ici??, ia’?i, aaaa aai iaaaaii?noue — ana oea iiaeaeth? ia?ac
na?oo ? iaaea? eiio /eiiiai ci?noo)22. ?.Iaeaithe caa?oa?oueny aei
eaoano?io?/ieo iaecaae?a (“Ua?aaoee i?nyoeue…”) c e?eueeiia ieaiaie
iaeiiiai?oiiai, aaciiae??aiai, aacethaeiiai, iaeiio-i?eaaaeueiiai
/anii?inoi?o (“oeaeioa? i?/iiai i?noa”, i?/ “ia?ooiii oeoath aeeueoue”,
“ii?icia i?/”), aea iinooiiaa caiiaiai?noue ?o oi?iith, iaoa???th ?
noanoaioe??th ooi/ith? nooue oeueiai eiioeiooio ye o?aa?/iiai o?iiioiio
(“ua?aaoee i?nyoeue, iia ?icaeoee ueo”; “a aieia? aaeeeee aiaiiue
aoaea”). Ci?no noanoaioe?e, oaeoo?a ? oi?ia a oaeeo oai?ao iieacothoue
naaa ??aii?yaeieie c aeeiai?eith, aioo??oiueith aia?a??th anoaoe/iiai
ia’?eoa, ui aeie?aieththoue eiai c ioi/aiiy ? i?ioenoaaeythoue ?ioei
yaeuai.

O ia?aa?ao? “Iai?aae?ci: no?aoaa?y o?aiceoeaiino?” ia aei?ia ocyoi
iai?aae?noe/io23 ?iinoanue aeaiainueei? iiac??.

I?i naith iiaio “Oai” A. Eaeeiianueeee (Aaeai) ieoa: “ss na?aeiiee oiai,
ui a??oiaee aeeeaae aeoaea i?inoee, oaae iaei ia?ac?a, iaoaoi? oa ?ioeo
iiaoe/ieo i?ee?an, aea oaeoe/iee iaoa??ae oa ana (ii-ii?io)
aei?aaaeiao?. Oai ? oainueea aiioa o?eaa? ? o?eaaoeia ua, iaaooue,
aeiaai”24. Oiaoi iai?aae?ci aa/eoueny eiio a ianoac?eoeaiiio,
iaoia?aaeaeaiiio ia?ac? eiie?aoeee; ci?no, ia eiai aeoieo, ia? canooieoe
o ethaenuee?e na?aeiiino? ae?eni?noue, ai oai?/?noue ia ui ?ioa, ye
“ia-ae?enia aoooy”, iaaeeaeaia aei oiiaiino?. Iai?aae?ci ia i?a ae
i?iieeiooe o iaea?aeaeaeai?o? caeooee aeeooy, oi?eiooeny eiai aeaea?ae ?
ia?oii?e/ei, yeae ia nie?aany ia aii??eeo, aeeaee aiioe?eiee eiioaeo c
ethaeueie, iiae?yie, i?aaeiaoaie, ye? i?ae eiai ia?ii noathoue
iaae/a?iieie ca aaaaonoaii naiai aeeoo?aiai ci?noo ? aeicaieythoue /a?ac
nai? cia?aaeaiiy i?iaiaeeoe aaaeeea? aoeei-anoaoe/i? i?eioeeie.

I?e?iaea aaeueie i?aai?/ii aoiaeeoue o ieioue oa e?ia iaoa?aae?noe/ii?
e??eee, cie?aia oai??a ss.Neaaooe/a (“?aeo noaiaie ii no?oie?e
aei?ic?…”, “?iceyaeenue iiey oe?ie?…”, “Eiein eieino ni?aa?…”) oa
I.Oa?iaanueeiai (a??o? “Aeic??aathoue aeeoa. Nieiaeoa eieinny…”,
“AEaeo aanie”, “?icoea?oaiiy” oiui). I?e?iae? ?oiy iiac?y caaaey/o?
nai?th i?aaeiaoiith ianoaiiaith, a ye?e o caaeooaaiiio eeth/?
?icai?oathoueny aaioaaei? iano?i?. Iae/ano?oa ?? yaeaii “aeic??eeie
aeeoaie”, “nieiaeoei eieinnyi”, “iiooiii noaaae ? caiaoii oe?a?a”25. Ca
ieie i?eoiaothoueny ooiaeaiaioaeuei? noi?iie ethaenueeiai aoooy, aeuee
aeooiaiee nain, ? ana i?aeaaaeaii i?ae aea? oe?ii?ni? eaoaai??? – “oe?a”
? “ethaia”. Eiaeai c oaeeo oai??a /eiinue noiaeee ia ?aeee?th, aea oea
?aaeoa noee?caoe?y i?ae ia?, ia ac?? aioe/ieo iiaae A. O?aina, ai oae?
iaecaae? ia aienothoueny a ?aio ?aeee?/iiai na?oini?eeiaiiy. Cie?aia, a
ss.Neaaooe/a, “?aeee?? aeaoi?iiaai?”, ?ieiee /a?ac ao?o/aiiy a ieo
“eiei?enoe/ii? neiai-e?ee” (“I?ae nei?i iaaii, iaae yniei eieinnyi…”,
aea ii?aeiaiiy neiueiai ? aeiaoiai eieuei??a ia? aiaeaiaoe/iee
oa?aeoa?), ?ieiee – eiio?anoo nthaeaoo (“Oaaa i?eaaaeo?i i?niyie…”),
?ieiee – aiae?oe/ii? ??ii?? (“Nei?a /aeathoue iaoa??…”) ? o.ae. ?o ae
iacaaoe aiioe?eieie ineoia?aiaie, ia ye? iaeeaa a?aeaeoie ia?aai?io o
na?aeiiino? noni?euenoaa OO no., aaeaea eiiaaioe?iiae?ci,
aii???ie?eoeoeeci, ineoiaiae?c aeiaaee, ui na?o noiniaii naiai
cia?aaeaiiy ? ?aeyoeaiei, ae?eni?noue ia iiaeia oe?eeiaeoi e oioiaeii
i?ciaoe, oei ia/a oaaaoe o aiinaieia?/iee aai ooaeiaei?e ia?ac.

Ccyaeany ?ii?an?ii?ci c eiai yeiaenoac?eoea?ciaai?oeie ?aae?yie aoooy,
yeee ocya nia? ca aieiaiee i?eioeei o?einio?th a?aaeaiiy a?ae aeeooy ?
eiino?othaaa oea a?aaeaiiy ?c aoaeaiieo i?eeiao oa ?en, noiieaieo o
caonoeia? ieo?, ci?ooaaa ?o ? iiaeaaaa o aeaeyae? o?aaiaio?a. Oae, o
a??o? ss.Neaaooe/a “Aeiu” aeei?enoaii i?eioeei “eieuei?iaiai i?iaceno”:
nia?oo aaoi? iiaea? nei?e eie?? (“iieeany ooiii nei?e aeiu”), ui
anioe?th?oueny c iaeooioai-?ai?noth, aeooiaiei noaiii iaoa??aeueiiai,
caiiiai na?oo, iio?i aeiaoee (“Ia aeiaao nea?ao aeiaoeo ieiu”), ui iiaea
oeoia/eoeny ye i?eeiaoa ianaiaiaee, i?eiono, ?, ia?aoo?, /a?aiiee
(“Niioea!”), yeee o?aaeeoe?eii neiaie?co? ethaia. Ooaeiaei?e na?o
oeueiai oai?o aoaeo?oueny ia a?aaeaoe??: a?ae aeenaa?iii??, oaino,
aaceaaeo (“Iaoia?eei. Iaoio?eeenue aeoae”) aei aa?iii??, a?ae
eiie?aoiiai aei caaaeueiiai, ? a?ioeai oeueiai iaecaaeo ? aa?y/ee,
u?eueiee /a?aiiee eie?? – ciae ??aiiaaae na?oo.

Iiao /a?ac iiao ni?iiaaa?oueny ia?aaeaoe iaaeiiaia, cie?aia a?ae/oooy
eieuei?o, ia eooaeo oiai, ye ooaeiaeiee ia aeaii??i?e ieiuei?
a?aeoai?th? o?eaei??i?noue i?aaeiaoa. Aea ae ynii, ui oaea ooaeiaeiy
iiaa ia ao?a/a? nai?? i?ici?ino?, ia caooiaith? ci?noo, noa?
“ia?ao?aeiith ia ?aaeuei?noue”. ?noioia ?ena oeueiai cia?aaeaiiy –
eoeueo oi?ie.

?ii?an?ii?ci ss.Neaaooe/a nie?a?oueny ? ia /oaeee, ? ia aeaniee aeina?ae
noac?eoea?caoe?? ienoaoeueei? a?c?? (“?aeo noaiaie ii no?oie?e
aei?ic?…”, “Eiith i?e aoeaiee…”, “Ia n?iiein?”, “Ea?an?”, “In?iue”).
Ooo iaia aeni?an?? ieii-a?eueieo a?aaeaiue ? ieoo?aeo noai?a i?aaeiaoa,
“ia’?eoeaieo aa/aiue” ca i?aaeeaie iioeee. Ooo ? oa?/iaiiy, oo?eaaeaiiy:
iaeei ?c nai?o a??o?a ss.Neaaooe/ ii/eia? c iieno aeaiaioa i?ai?/ii?
i?e?iaee (“Caiey ia?o?… Ia aaciaaeaey aiea I?ieeany aeiu…”). Aeae?
eaea ocaaaeueiaia ea?oeia i?e?iaee i?aaeaiii?: caeai?? y?eia, ana aoeii
oea?oa, e?eue/eoueny ca?ii oiui. Ca oeeie ?yaeeaie iaeeaa? a?aeiia c
?iiaioecio iiiceoe?y i?e?iaee i?ai?/ii? ? i?aaeaiii?: ia?o?e
i?eienothoueny ?ene i?eai?/aiino?, neooino?, ianaiaiaee, iiiioiiiino?
(ye ienaa ?.Na?oee/iee: “Oieiae – aea?aeaaiee, e?ooee, iiia?oee”), a
ae?oa?e – i?eeiaoe a?eueiino?, aeeiai?ee, iaeaooeeai? aeeoo?aeaeiino?,
ai?aeino? ca nai? i?noea ia caie?. O oe??? iiiceoe?? ? aeaa aeaea?aea:
iaeia – ??cieoey i?ae (i?ai?/iith) ?in??th ? (i?aaeaiiith) Oe?a?iith (ia
oeae iioea iaoa?iaaii aaiiie?oe/io a?nue “No?ae – Cao?ae”,
“?a?iia–Ac?y”), ae?oaa–i?ina?oeoaeuenuee? oeoia/aiiy i?e?iaee ? ee?iaoo
ye /eiieea iaioae?oaoo. Iniaeeai? aino?ioe iaae?a? i?ioenoaaeaiiy
“Oe?a?ia – ?in?y” a neeo aaaaoia?eiai? caaa?aieoeueei? iie?oeee
Iineianueei? aea?aeaae. Oiio eaaei c?icoi?oe, ui “i?ai?/” c ??
oo?oiaeiaie ? ii?icaie /anoi anioe?th?oueny c iaaaoeaii, a “i?aaeaiue” –
c iiceoeaii (ia?ace Iaoa?ao?aa o I.Eoe?oa, O.Oaa/aiea aai Ia?’?ii? ai?e
o TH.Eeaia, Nieiae?a, Eieeie o E.Iieoaae, i?aaeaiiiai noaio o
A.Aeiie/aiea, ?.Iaeaithea).

Ia oii? ?iiaioe/iiai ienueia caaaeaiee a??o ss.Neaaooe/a ia
a?aecia-/a?oueny i? neiaie?/iith oiiai?noth, i? ?aae?noe/iei iaecaaeai,
– ? i?aaaei-iiae?aiei cia?aaeaiiyi ?a/ae o i?e?iae?. Oi/a aiai?eoe i?i
yeonue eiai aeiaeaoeiao naiaioeeo iaia i?aenoaa, iacaaaeath/e ia oa, ui
oa?? iic??ii i?aeoi e a?aeneea? /eoa/a aei ?iiaioe/ii? iiaoeee,
iani?aaae? ae i?iiiio? eiio ia-oaoaeno – o?ao? “?ioa” i?ae ?iiaioeciii
oa ?aae?ciii. Aea /ei aeae?, oei ia?aeiieea?oa ss.Neaaooe/ ao?eth? nai?
a?c?? o ?ai? iai?aae?noe/ii? nenoaie. Oai?e eiai /ano?oa
aeaoaeiaothoueny ia niinoa?aaeeeaino?, ia cia/ouino? aeaoae?, – aeania,
ia o?e oiia?, ui aa?aioo? “iai?aae?noia?” ooaeiaei?noue. I?ia-oe/io
i?aaaeo oaeeo a??o?a ao?eaii o iecoe? ia?aoeaieo aeai?iaeo oi?i
(e??e/-iee ii?o?ao, a??o-ia?en, iaecaae, a??o? iiia?aeii? oa
ieaioaoeaii? oaiaoeee)

Iacaia?a/ii, “iai?aae?noe/ia” eieae?co? naaa a iniiaiiio ia ia?a?niiio,
e?iaa?noe/iiio ??ai?, aeio?eioth/e cae/ieo caeii?a “iiaiiai
aoae?aieoeoaa”, oiio e?eoa??? a?aeai?o iiaiiai iaoa??aeo ooo iaei
aaaeaoue. *anii aoaa? aaaeei i?iaanoe /?oeo iaaeo i?ae ienoaoeoaii ?
ae?eni?noth. Uia i?ciaaaeueia ooieoe?y ia aaaea a iiaio /eoa/a
(i?aaenoaaieea ?ioi? e?a?ie, ?ioiai iieie?iiy, ?ioi? aiioe), iniaeeai ?c
na?aaeiaeua, ui ia ca?aa?oueny ?c cia?aaeoaaiei, aeieea? iio?aaa o
iicaoaenoiaeo ciaiiyo iiae?e, yaeu, ?aae?e. Uia ?icaaaeaoe iiaeaye?
ia?ace, /eoa/aa? iio??aia i?aeeacea; “iai?aae?noe ae?aieththoue ?? o
oaeno o aeaeyae? ?noi?eei-e?oa?aoo?ieo eiiaioa??a, aeiaeaoeiaeo
a?aeiiinoae i?i aaoi?a, na?aaeiaeua, niaee, i?aaeea iiaaae?iee, aoeeao
oiui (aeaiaioe a?ia?ao??, aeneo?ne o ineoieia?th, “aioo??oi?”
ia?aaeeaaiiy o oeeeeao ss.Neaaooe/a “Ia?oa eioaiiy” e “AEaaa”).

Aaaeeeaa i?iaeaia o?aaeeoe?eiiai (eeane/iiai) ?aae?cio – cacycie noeeth
?c na?oia?ae/oaaiiyi aaoi?a ? eiai onoaiiaeaie ia nenoaio “oi/ee ci?o” ?
“e?oa?aoo?ii? ia?niie” (“ia?niiaaea”).

Aeina?ae oe?a?inueeiai iai?aae?cio ca ei?aeiiii i?aeeaco?, ui ia an?
ia?niiaae? i?enooi? a oai?? iaeiaeiai. Iaei? c ieo iathoue noaoon
ia’?eo?a oaenooaeueiiai na?oo. Oea, oae ae iiaeoe, “ia?niiaae?-ia’?eoe”
(Ieaa, ss?ineaa-ia, ai?aiaea Aeieo?i, I?oaeeaon, Iaeeaiaea, Aa?ieai?a,
Nai?eei E?oea oa ?io? aa?i? ss. Neaaooe/a). Aeaye? c ieo aenooiathoue
“ia?niiaaeaie-cia?aaeaiiyie” (iai?., aieiaia iniaa o a??o? “Neiai?iaea”
ss.Neaaooe/a). A aeaeio?? eeoa caaaeothoueny, aea ?o ia aeaaaeaii a
oaeno?: oea – “a?aenooi? ia?niiaae?” (Na. Ieeiea c a??oa “Nayoi-Ieeiea”
A.Aiae). ?o o?aaa a?ae??ciyoe a?ae caaaeie i?i ia?niiaae?a, ai aiie
(ia?niiaae?) ca noeoii?noth ia?aaeoiia aeaiiai ooaeiaeiueiai na?oo ia
iiaeooue a iueiio c’yaeoeny. “A?aenooi?o” aea oa??, o caiae? c? nai?ie
“i?aaeeaie a?e”, ia aeeo/a? c ooaeiaeiueiai na?oo, a iaaiaee,
a??ooaeueii caeo/a? a iueiai, oiio ?o a?aenooi?noue caaaeaee iii?oia ?
/a?ac oa cia/oua.

O?aiey?oueny, ui ia?ii naia cia?aaeaiiy, a cia?aaeaiiai ia’?eoa o oaeno
ia aaaaeaii (“Ae?a/ei? aac e?a?ie” A. ?oa/aea), aai ae a?aenooi?e o
oai?? ia o?eueee ia?niiaae-ia’?eo, a e ia?niiaae-cia?aaeaiiy, oi/a
a?aenooi?noue inoaiiueiai – aa-aeeeaee eiiiiiaio ooaeiaeiuei? no?oeoo?e
(“Ae?a/eia aac ?iai?” ss.Neaaooe/a ”).

O iiai? N. Ai?aeeinueeiai “N?i e?o” caaaeaii O.Oaa/aiea, ia iueiai aanue
/an /aeathoue, aea “cia?aaeaiiy” aeiaeth? eiai eeoa iia?aeii. Ooo
a?aenooi?noue caaaeoaaii? iniae – cia/ouee eiiiiiaio ooaeiaeiuei?
no?oeoo?e26. E?ioa ccynoaaoe ?? aeiiiiaaa? eiioaeno. N.Ai?aeeinueeee
nenoaiaoeco? an?o ia?niiaae?a oai?o ca i?eioeeiii a?ae/oaeaiiy ?
a?aeaeaeaiiy a?ae ??aeii? caie?. Iaeiaioa a?ae/oaeaiiy o ae?a/ao, ae?iie
? /ieia?e?a, ye? ia i?e i?aoeththoue, a?eueoa a?ae/oaeai? a?ae ia?
“neiueiaeoiaiieee”, ?o cacycie c ??aeiei e?a?i ia?a?aaiee, a eiioaeoe
iaiino?ei?, ua aeoae/a a?ae/oaeaiee Iaoii, ui iianoa? “ia a?aoa”. sseui
aaanoe o oeth nenoaio e Oaa/aiea, oi a?i, aacia?a/ii, iaa ae iaeaaeaoe
aei iaeiaio a?ae/oaeaieo, aea ?in?enueea aeaaea neeii?oeue a?aeoi?aioea
eiai a?ae ??aeii? caie?. Oiio nthaeaoia a?aenooi?noue Oaa/aiea – neiaie
niioai?aiiai na?oiii?yaeeo ? aacneei? a iueiio ethaeeie (aaeueie no/ania
ooaeiaeiy iiaeaeue, ca yeith no?oeoo?o?oueny e ciaiaieoa ae?aia
N.Aaeeaoa “*aeath/e ia Aiaei”).

Iniaeeaa aaaa eyaa? ia ooieoe?th aea?eiee?a o iai?aae?ci? a iiac??
oe?a?inueeiai ca?oa?aeaey. Caeaa?eueoiai oea ia?niiaae?-cia?aaeaiiy, ui
aeeiiai? ca an?ia oiiaaie e??e/iiai ii?o?aooaaiiy. Aiie iaaiith i??ith
aea?aaeaioi? iaeei iaeiiio ? iiaeooue aacia?aoeiaeii i?iyoeny i?noeyie,
i?aeaeuoaaoe ooaeiaeith ?ioi?iaoeai?noue – ? i?i naaa, ? i?i ooaeiaei?e
na?o. Aea aoaathoue na?aae ieo oaeiae aeiyoee. Neaae?ii, ?icaeai?iiy
ethaeeie ciaeueiaaii o a??o? N. Ai?aeeinueeiai “?iciiaa c oyaiei
aea?eieeii”. ?? iiaeia ni?eeiyoe ca aeaai?e/ia ?ic/eaioaaiiy oa aiae?c
aioo??oiueiai na?oo ?iaeea?aea, ?iceieioiai ia “a??o”, /ooo?aa ia/aei,
“ciaa??o” ? ia/aei eia?/ia. Ai?ioueaa i?ae ieie – oi ai?ioueaa ca
aaniethoia aa?oiaainoai eio?iainue ?c ieo. Na?aaeeiia i?noea caeia? oai
iiao. Cae/aeii ae, ia ia?aiaaa? i?ooi: an? no?aaeaeaiiy ia?aae?a? ia
naaa iiao – noaeaey iaae aeaai?e/ieie ia?acaie “a??e” oa “?ioaeaeoo”.
Aeaai?eci oaeeaa?oueny a iai?aae?ci?, ai aeicaiey? iiaii ae?noaaaoe
aoaeue-ye? yaeua. A i?ioa a?i ia aeeiio? iaei??? na?eicii? aeiiae
nenoaie – ia ni?ey? oioiaeiino? ooaeiaeiueiai na?oo naiiio nia?, oiio ui
ia?aaiaeeoue i?aaeiao o ciae. Oiio ooieoe?y aeaai??? i?aaeoue ca
aoia?aia: iiaa?oa? ciaeia? i?aae-iaoi?noue. Ca?aene aea?eieee N.
Ai?aeeinueeiai i?e nai?e “iai?aaeueiino?” aeea?o?, “?aaeuei?o?”, i?ae o
eeane/i?e aeaai???, oi/a e ia aeioyaothoue aei neioaco.

? ana ae aeey iaoa?aae?no?a ciaeia?noue oaeoe/iiai oyae?? aei
iac?eoeaiiai oa?aeoa?o, iiooeo aca?iei i?ae yaeuaie ? ?o aecia/ieeaie,
ui eiai aeeeoo? nioe?oi. Oei-oi iaoa?aae?ci ni?eeia? aeeooy ye niieo/io
?aei?noue ? i?aaia ciaethaaoe ?? ca i?eioeeiii neioaene/ii? cacyciino?
oaenoo27. Eiaeia eiai neeaaeiaa aeooae?co? na?e nenoaiiee ci?no, ia
canooiath/e niaith /iainue a?eueoiai ? aaaeeea?oiai. Oea noino?oueny e
ia?niiaae?a. Ca’yci?noue ia?niiaae?a-cia?aaeaiue o iaoa?aae?ci? ia
i?aaeiaoiiio ??ai? /anoi-aonoi (e??i oiai, ui iiiaoeciaothoueny
eeoea?nuee? /aniioe) aeinyaa?oueny ua e /aniaith ? i?inoi?iaith
iaia?a?ai?noth na?oo, ui ?, ii noo?, anoaoe/iith ?aeiino?oeoe??th
a?oa?/ii? ai?/ii? ni?eueiioe “a?eo aa?i?a” (oeeee “Caii?iaeoe?”
ss.Neaaooe/a). Aoaa?, ui ?o ia’?aeio? aeoaea ?ioaineaia ia?aaeeaaiiy
?iceaaeo i?ae ?iaeea?aeii oa noni?euenoaii (oeeee “Cieioa i?aea”
ss.Neaaooe/a). Ia ??ai? e?iaa?noe/iiio ca’yci?noue ia?niiaae?a
i?aeo?eio? ianaiia?aae iaaia oi?ia ia?aoe?? (?iciia?aeue a?ae ?iai?
i?eoiaaiiai ca oaenoii aaoi?a-iiia?aea/a, c eiai noeeuei?noth aei
eiiaioa??a iiae?e, i?oieia?/ia oii?ea, niiaoia oi?ia oiui). sse ?
?iiaioeei-?aae?noe/i? ia?ace O.Oaa/aiea, o “iai?aae?noa” ss. Neaaooe/a
ia?niiaae?-cia?aaeaiiy (I?oaeeaon, Iaeeaiaea, Aa?ieai?a, Nai?eei E?oea,
Oiaeueieoeueeee, E?eaii?n) eaaeiathoueny o a?aeiia?aeio /aniao
iine?aeiai?noue: eieaeoeaiee ia?niiaae onaiino?eiaii? eicaoeueei?
aea?aeaae c ?? ?noi???th ? noi??ieaie aa?i?/ii? ai?ioueae ca
iacaeaaei?noue.

Aea oi iiaea aooe ia o?eueee ca??iee ia?ac A?enueea Caii??cueeiai /e
Ee?anueei? ?on? (ye o eiai ae oeeee? “Ee?anueea neaaa”), a e eieaeoeaiee
ii?o?ao ?iaeo c eiai a?ia?ao??th, ??cieie aeeoaenueeeie ia?eiao?yie.
Iai?eeeaae, a??o I. Aiaeeea “Nai?oiee aaoueei”. O iueiio ciaeueiaaii
aieiao n?ic?, ui ni?iaeaa oaoo, iiea, c ?iaeeiith ia?aa?aany aei
Eaiaaee, aei?iaeany aei oa?ie, iiaieo eiii?, a ae?oae ao?aoea, ai aiie
“a?aeoeo?aeenue iiae, a??e” ? iieeioee eiai. Ai?ciaee e ia?niiaae? oaei?
aeeoo?iiae?aii? ea?oeie cacae/ae ia’?aeiothoueny oaeiae iaaiith
i?inoi?iaith ?aiith (neaae?ii, ia?aaoaaiiyi o eiioeoaai??, ye o a??o?
A.Ieaenaiae??aa “Iiao ia Nieiaeao”), aai nioe?aeueieie e ?iaeeiieie
ca’yceaie ? iaaiith ni?euei?noth ?o ?en (“Eeno aei ae?oc?a” A. Iacaie).

Oaeei /eiii, ?aae?ci /anoi iaceaathoue nenoaiith o?aiceoeaieo
a?aeii-oaiue, a?i “?ice?eaa? ia cia/aiiy, a i?ecia/aiiy ?a/ae ? ae?e;
a?i ia ? iioieia?/iei, a oaoiieia?/iei”28.

Iai?aae?ci ao?eea ?aeath o?aiceoeaiino? o i?eioeei? iaii?aioaaiiy
ae?eniino? – caaeiaieueiy? aeaii iniiaiei aeiiaai noiniaii ia?: 1)
iaaea? oeueiio iienia? ?eii?/ii? iai/iino?; 2) o?eno? a?aaeoaeuei?noue
ia?aoiae?a a?ae cia?a-aeaiiy iaeiiai aeeoo?aiai o?aaiaioa aei ?ioiai.
Oei-oi oae eaaei i?iaanoe iaeio oaio (i?ei??ii, aa?i?/ii? eicaoeueei?
aeiae oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo) /a?ac ??ciiiai?oi?noue iiae?e ? aaaaonoai
oaeo?a, noiieaieo niinoa?aaeeeaei ieii ia?aoi?a.

Ioaea, caaaeaiiy, yea noaaeyoue ia?aae niaith e??eee-“iai?aae?noe”
oe?a-?inueeiai ca?oa?aeaey, iieyaa? a oiio, uia a?aeooeaoe caaaeueio
i?eeiaoo a ??cieo ia’?eo?a cia?aaeaiiy, a?aenoaaeeoe ?? aeya o ?o
iine?aeiaiiio ?yae?. C iaeyaeo ia oea “iai?aae?noe/iee” nthaeao ia??aeei
aaco?oueny ia ooaa?aeaeaii? noiaeino? i?ae aa?iyie. O A. Nei?oinueeiai
iiao c a??oa “Iiaoia?” iaei a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae iianoaioey c a??oa
“Noaooy iianoaioey”. Oa e o nthaeaoii-oaiaoe/i?e noa?? eiai ca??ie
iaaiee ia?niiaae o oiae? iiia?ae? iin?aea? naia oa i?noea, yea ia?aae
oei caeiaa ?ioee, ui caaeioa o aecaieueieo ciaaaiiyo, eoaeenue
a?ae’?oaa aai ae oia?.

Iai?aae?ci, ia a?aei?io a?ae ?aae?cio acaaae?, ia aa/eoue na?oo, i?ae
/a?ac eoio, c on?ia aeaoaeyie, c on?ia (o e?eoe/iiio aa??aio?)
iaaeie?eaie, aea aa/eoue nai? aa/aiiy, iiaea iiaeeaeoeny ia naaa caieo.
A?i naii?aoeaeoeaiee – aaaea? naiiioe?ithaaoe naaa ye iaeio ?c
ooaeiaei?o iia, ye naiiiiaeaethth/o nenoaio, oiio ia a?aeo? eiio i?
aaoi??ii??, i? aaoiii?o?aoa. Oa iaeaieiai?oa, ui i?iacenii? i?e?iaee a?i
oaee ia ao?a/a?.

O ?icae?e? “Nenoaia iai?iacenii? ia?aciino?: oai?e c iaiaaeaiith
?aoa?aioi?noth” eaeaoueny i?i anoaoeeo ia oioiaeiino?, a i?ioenoaaeaiiy.
“Cae/iei aeey /eoa/a niiniaai iiaeaethaaiiy ae?eniino? ooaeiaeiee
i?ioenoaaey? na?e, i?ea?iaeueiee ?icacycie, yeee a?i aaaaea? a?eueo
?noeiiei. sseui a ia?oiio aeiaaeeo aeo i?ciaiiy aoaea iicacycaiee c?
ni?iuaiiyi, aaia?ae?caoe??th, oi a ae?oaiio iaoeiaii ae?ei c
oneeaaeiaiiyi”29, iaaeeaeaiei aei a?aeiiae a?ae onyeeo no?oeoo?ieo ii?i,
aei oai?/ino? “aac i?aaee”, ye? /eoa/ ia? anoaiiaeoe nia? ia na?e niae ?
?icnoae. “Nai oaeo iiaeeeaino? aaaaoi?aciaiai ooaeiaeiueiai ia?aeeaaeo
iaeiiai e oiai ae oai?o ??cieie ia?aeeaaea/aie na?ae/eoue i?i oa, ui
cai?noue oi/ii? a?aeiia?aeiino? oaenoia? O1 o oeueiio aeiaaeeo
i?ioenoaaeaiee iaaiee i?ino??. Aoaeue-yeee ?c oaeno?a o1, o11, o111… on,
ui caiiaith? eiai, aoaea iiaeeeaith ?ioa?i?aoaoe??th a?aei?aaiiai
oaenoo. Cai?noue oi/ii? a?aeiia?aeiino? – iaeia c iiaeeeaeo
?ioa?i?aoaoe?e, cai?noue neiao?e/iiai ia?aoai?aiiy – aneiao?e/ia,
cai?noue oioiaeiino? aeaiaio?a, ye? neeaaeathoue O1 ? O11, – ?o oiiaia
aea?aaeaioi?noue”30

Iaeiae iiaa eaea ia o?eueee i?i ia?aeeaaee, a i?i noai?aiee iiaoaie na?o
iai?iacenii? ia?aciino? (na?o aeni?an?ii?cio oa aecenoaioe?ae?cio), ui
caiiaiaiee oeaieaie aeaeaeeo a?ae ian eoeueoo?, oiaoeaie, aeoiieaieie c
eiioaenoo iaicyoie ?noi??? ? iaoa??aeueii? eoeueoo?e. ?, cae/aeii, ci?no
? ooieoe?? oaeeo o?aaiaio?a, iai?aeaeaaeieo i?iacenia?, /eoa/aa? o?aaa
?icoeo?oaaoe, aea?aoe ca aeo?aeio iiceoe?th ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? ooaeiaeiueiai
oaenoo aai ?ioi?iaoe?eio oi/eo ci?o (ca yei? iiaa noa? caniaii ia?aaea/?
iaci?iieo iia?aeiieaiue, ?aae?caoe??th i?e?iaeieo caeii?a iiaiiai
aoae?aieoeoaa, a iaae-e?iaa?noe/i? e?eoa??? i?aeai?o iiaiiai iaoa??aeo
caeeoa? iica oaaaith), aai oi/eo ci?o iaaee?iaa?noe/io, ca?aeii c yeith
caaaeaiiy iiae – ia?aaoaeoaaoe oaeno ? noai?aiee o eiai iaaeao na?o,
cioneoe eiai aeaeaoe iai?aeaeaaeio eiio ?ioi?iaoe?th. Ooo aa?oi caaaeaoe
ciaiaieoo aeeneon?th i?ae O.aea Ninnth?ii, yeee a?aenoithaaa
?ioi?iaoe?eio oi/eo ci?o ? i?aee?anethaaa oi?aa?naeueia cia/aiiy
i?eioeeio oiiaiino? a cacyceo c icia/aiei ? icia/oaaiei, oa
?.sseianiiii, eiai noaooath ia caoeno oi/ee ci?o iaaee?iaa?noe/ii?.

Ca iaiaaeaii? ?aoa?aioiino? ooaeiaei?e na?o aeaoaeiao?oueny o caiae? c
i?eioeeiii “na?o ye oaeno” (ia?aa?ao “Na?o ye oaeno”). Ooaeiaei?
cia?aaeaiiy o oae?e e??eoe? ? aeene?aoiei, aiii /anoeiai ao?a/a? o
?aoa?aioiino? (o nai?o ni?iiiaao ni?eeoaaoeny c /eoa/ai), ooieoe?y
ia?ac?a ooo – ?iaeaenaeueia. ? oi/a e??eea iai?iacenii? ia?aciino? ?
aiae?oe/ia ? oei naiei aeene?aoia, oe?e aeene?aoiino? aiia i?ioenoaaey?
iiethn oi?aa?nae?e aai iiethn oe?e?niino? ? iaae?eeiino?. Aeey oaei?
iiac?? oa?aeoa?ia eiiioaoe?y – iaeii/anii ?eoi?e/iee ieai icia/aiiai oa
“?aeaieia?/iee” icia/oaaiiai. Aieiaieie eeaneo?eaoi-?aie ooo
aenooiathoue iciaea, neai?o?eaoe?y, ?iaeaen – “ciae, yeee iiaea ao?aoeoe
oa?aeoa? ciaeo, eiee eiai iac?eo onoiooe, aea ia ao?aoeoue oeueiai
oa?aeoa?o, eiee ia aoaea ?ioa?i?aoaioe”31.

O ia?aa?ao? “Aeeneo?n aeni?an?ii?cio: ii?ae?ci” ?ice?eaa?oueny nai?-icen
aeni?an?ii?cio. A?aeiioaiiy yaeua aei nooiino? ciooo? aeni?an?ii?no?a
caia?a/oaaoe ?eii?/io noiae?noue i?ae ieaiaie ae?aaeaiiy ? ci?noo.
Naiaioe/ia i?ieea?noue aeni?an?ii?cio noi?ioe ?ii?an?ii?cio (aioeiiaeii
yeiai a?i aenooiea) ia? oaeiae oa?aeoa? eiiaa?n??, a noiniaii
aecenoaioe?ae?cio – ?iaa?n??. Aeni?an?ii?noe aaaaeathoue, ui neiaania
ienoaoeoai ia iiaea ?ic?a-oiaoaaoe ia iiaiee ?ciii?o?ci ooaeiaeiueiai
ciaeo ? yaeua. Oiio ?o e??eea oai?eoue na?e “oaeno” – o?eoeaiee na?o
ii?ae?cio e aeoea?cio, oa?aeoa?i? ?ene yeiai – caaino?aia aiioe?ei?noue,
???aoe?iiaeuei?noue, noeeuei?noue aei eiio?ano?a, o?aaiaioa?iino?,
a?ia?aie?caoe?? ooaeiaei?o aeaoaeae oiui. A O. Inueia/ee oey
“???aoe?iiaeueia noeo?ei?noue” aeyaey? oaiaeaioe?th aei ioioiaeiaiiy c?
ca??i?noth, c ?? nooi?noth, c aa?oinoyie, yeei iaaea?oueny eini?/iee
?iciao, c oi?aa?-naeueiei aeooii ? ieaiaoa?ieie neeaie (“Ieoaaoa?”).
Iioeae eieaeoea?cio (ye ? ?iaeea?aeoae?cio) o?nii iicacycai? c
i?iaeaiith nioe?aeueii? ia??aiino?, ioee, nia?o?. Ia?ac iioieia?/ii
i?aaenoaaeaiiai na?oo ? i?e?iaee i?ciaiiai ii?aeio?oueny c ?iaeonueeei
ia?acii eie?nieoe?, eieana (a??o? “Eie?nieoey”, “Aeaioa”), ca yeeie
aaaaeo?oueny ?aeay naina?e – aeoeaiiy, ia?aoiaeo /a?ac ??ci? noaie,
eaioetha ia?iaeaeaiue ? ia?anaeaiue.

Iioieia?y ? ooaeiaeiy aiinaieia?y aeni?an?ii?cio aeecueea aei eiai
oe?ii?nii? iniiae, caeeaaeaii? oaea a naiiio i?aaeiao? aeni?an?ii?cio ?
naia c ia?, oe??? iniiae, i?e?iaeii aeieeaa? e ioe?ii/iee aniaeo
ooaeiaeiueiai ci?noo. O i?aeoeoe? a?eueoino? iiao?a, ui aaeathoueny aei
noeeueiai? iiaeae? aeni?an?ii?cio (ca. “Ia/ai ? nia?/ai”
N.Ai?aeeinueeiai, “A?eee na?o” A..Aa?ee, “Uaae??noue”
A.Ieaeaie?anueeiai, “Iieoi’yia caiey”, “I?aeiyo? a?o?eea”
I.Ea?iaiea-E?eieoe?, “Eaia?a nia?oiee?a” ? Aaa?yiiai, a??o? “E?ooe”,
359, “Aaa?yia i??ai?aea” I.Noaoaiiae/a oa ?i.) aca?iii?iieeiaiiy
i?ciaiiy oa ioe?iee ?ieiee aoaa? iaiii?oiei, caaiaiei o i?aeoaeno,
?ieiee ae aiii a?aee?eoa, i?aeiineoueny aei ioioiaeiaiiy aeia?a c
aeooii, a cea c iaoa???th. Aen?ieia?y aeni?an?ii?noe/ia ci???ioiaaia
aieiaiei /eiii ia aeaai ii?aeueia (oneaaeaiiy naiaiaee, ooaa?aeaeaiiy
ni?aaaaeeeaino?), /anii iaa?oue iaoooth/e caeiiaie e?ane. Naia ca?aene
aa?a aeoiee yne?aai ae?aaeaiee ii?ae?ci aeni?an?ii?cio: /a?ac aeia?i, ye
? /a?ac cei, aeoeoia/o?oueny ?aaeueia aoooy. Iaa?oath/enue ia?aaaaeii a
ieiuei? aoe/i?e, aeni?an?ii?noe ia??aeei noai?ththoue ia?ace
aoio?aiee?a, ethaeae aeoeaii? ae??.

Ii?ae?ci ? aeoea?ci – oea ae?? nioe?aeueii cia/ou?. Ioioiaeithth/e naaa
c eieaeoeaii, aeni?an?ii?noe (? ?o ia?niiaae?) ai?thoueny ca iueiai,
aeey eiai ae aeia?a, /e oi caoeuath/e naiaiaeo ?iaeea?aea, /e oi
a?aenoithth/e ?? ye oe?ii?noue noni?eueio. Cae/aeii, ii?ae?ci ? aeoea?ci
nai? ii nia? i?/iai ia cia/aoue, aiie o e?oa?aoo?iee na?o aaiaeyoueny ca
aeiiiiiaith iaaieo aeaeea?aoe?e, ?iai, ii?o?ao?a ia?niiaae?a, in?a, ui o
nai?o a/eieao ao?eththoue iacaai? oe?iiino?. O iiai? “Aia?aea iiaea?ia”
E.Iieoaae iin?yie ii?ae?cio e aeoea?cio aenoo-iathoue
eiie?aoii-?noi?e/i? ?iaia (Ae?iaai, eiyc? Aieiaeeie?, ?inoeneaa ?
Aeaieei Aaeeoeueeee, Iao?i Iiaeea, aaoueiaie Iacaia e Eaeieoaanueeee),
no/anieee (N.?o?aiia, I. A?ooaanueeee, A. Ninth?a, I.Aaneeaiei,
I.?eeuenue-eee, I.Ei?i?e/oe, E.Aa?iaeca, ?. Ieoaeiee, ?.Aaa?yiee). Oea
caeiiii??ii, ai aiie a?ae?a?athoue ?ieue “iina?aaeiee?a” i?ae
e?oa?aoo?ith oa ia-e?oa?aoo?ith, iieeeeai? noai?thaaoe eiioeioaeueio
iiaeaeue na?oo. C?oeiaiiy ?iai — ?noi?e/ieo ? no/anieo — ino/anith?
?noi?e/i?, a?aeoaia? nueiaiaeaiiy oaea ia i?ioenoi?oue ?noi???
(ieioeiio), a i?e?iaeii i?iaeiaaeo? ??. I?eeo/aiiy no/anieo
aeieoiaioaeueieo ?iai aei ?noi?e/ieo i?aeaeuo? noaoon no/aniino?, iaaea?
?e a?eueoi? oe?iiino? (iiaia “Niiaeae?a” N. Ai?aeeinueeiai); ?ieiee
aeaaeooae?co? iaicyoue i?i iaaaaeai? iiae??, iaa?thth/e
iaaeooaeuei?noue, ae/a?-iai?noue, a?aenooi?noue ?o iane?aee?a (“Neiai
i?i iieeiaieea” A. E?aaoeaaa). Aai ae iaaeeaea? ieioea, aeooae?co?
eiai, ?iiae? c iaoith aei?aaaeaoe yaeua, ye? iathoue aaea ?io? i?e/eie
(iiaia “Iacaia i?ney Iieoaae” ?.Aieiaeeie?a). Aea oi aaea noa?a
“iaaaoeaii? iiaoeee”, yea, ui ae?ae oe?eaai, /anoi ?ica?i/o?oueny ?? ae
caniaaie: ?aaeuei? ?iaia iiaeooue ye?ac aine?aoaoe oa, /iai aiia ia
aaaea? — ?ieiee aoiaey/e aei neeaaeo oai??a, a /ano?oa caa?oath/enue aei
iicae?oa-?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae ? eiiaioa??a (ye o “O?eioeoia?” I.
Ieueaee/a).

Iiaeaethaaiiy ii?ae?cio e aeoea?cio aeeiio?oueny noai?aieie o oai??
???a?o?yie oa aca?ieiaie i?ae ia?niiaaeaie. Iaeia/a ?ieiee oe? ???a?o??
? aca?ieie iiaeooue aooe ai?ciai? caeaa?eueoiai naia ca oi?iaie ?iai oa
caa?oaiue32. Aaoi?nueea ao?o/aiiy /a?ac iineeaiiy ia ?iaia ae?aaea?oueny
o a?aeiia?aeieo eiiioaoe?yo: ?i’y /anoi ooieoe?iio? ia i?aaao iacaenueea
aai nai???aeiiai aoe/ii caaa?aeaiiai ai?oaoa.

A “Aia?ae? iiaea?i?e” cono??/a?ii Iio?iio, ui a?aeneea? ian aei THiiie
?.Eioey?aanueeiai, aei Iaea?eueoiai (O.Oaa/aiea), aei Oaoa (Aiaa), aei
Oiaia?a (I.Oiaiaea?a), aei Iaaeino??eyieo (oiaoi oe?eeiaeoi ia cieuaieo
eiioi?n-oe/iei ?aaeeiii ee?anueeeo niiaoy??a I. Ca?iaa, I. Oeeeiiae/a,
I. Ae?ae-Oia?e), aei i?aeiieiaiai Iao?a (Iao?a Aaeeeiai), E?ouiaa
(Ieeeoe O?ouiaa), aei ?oaeaiy aaiui. I?inoaaeeii, ye? ?ioa?i?aoaoe??
oa?oue o nia? oaioaoi? iacaenueei “?oaeaiue”.

Iniiaia anioe?aoe?y aeieea? caaaeyee i?yiiio ca’yceo c? neiaii “?oaeee”,
naiaioeea yeiai i?aeneeth?oueny aeiaaeeia?noth i??caenueea ? oei, ui
icia/aiee aio?iiieia?/iee oei /oaeee iaoiio aoiinia?33. O oai?? iaaea?ia
?oaeaiue oiniaieth? cei – aaeaea oanoa? ca Iio?iiith iaa?ae/aiiith
o?iith, ? naia Iio?iia ciaeiieoue c iei /aioey A?eai??y – aieiaiiai
ia?niiaaea oai?o, aoioa?y i?ioe oioae?oa?ecio. C aeie ?oaeaiy A?eai??e
iio?aiey? a “aieaaaaea” ? aa/eoue /a?ac a?aoe, ye ia aoeeoe? ?io?
“?oaeai?” eiaeyoue aea?oao ca aea?oaith. Oaeei /eiii, o eee/oe?
“?oaeaiue” (“?oaeai?”) i?noeoueny e?eueea nain?a, caaaeaiiy yeeo
a?aeia?aaeaoe ?? aoe/io oeaeo. Ca?nii ae, aiie o?aaeueiththoueny
caaaeyee oe?ieiio eiioaenoia? – neiaani?e ? nthaeaoi?e iiaea/? “?iaiii?”
?noi??? ?oaeaiy. ?i’y c a?n?anueeeie anioe?aoe?yie, c ooii?/ieie ?
naaeenonueei-aieaaaaeenonueeeie ia/aeaie caaaa/o?oueny ona iiaeie ?
iiaeie aniaeoaie.

Ioaea, iacaenueei “?oaeaiue” ? naiaioe/ii iane/aiei i?eeeaaeii ?iai?, ui
iai?oanoo? ieceo aeooaeueieo ii?aeueii-aoe/ieo i?iaeai aeiae. “?oaeaiue”
– aioeiiae /aioey A?eai??y-/oaeioai?oey. Eiai aioeii?aeue o??aiyii c
“ioeueiaith oe?ii?noth”, o ye?e ni?aniaaii canaaeie/? ?aea? iiaie:
caia?a/aiiy o?enoe-yinueei? a??e, i?e?oa?ia aeniain?y ia /oae? caie?,
?oneo?eaoi?nueea aa?o/e?noue ? oioae?oa?ia caoeaii?noue.

Ocyoa ie?aii ?i’y ia?niiaaea o?eueee /anoeiai aeaui cia/eoue. sse ?
aoaeue-yeee ?ioee aeaiaio oai?o, aiii cia/oua o?eueee oiae?, eiee
aeeth/aia o no?oeoo?o; o nai?io ni?aa?aeiioaii? c ?ioeie ??aiyie.
“?oaeaiue”, i?ei??ii, eiiioiaaiee /eneaiieie aethc?yie: “Eae oeaiiooue”
(“oe?anoe” uinue ? noiieoe eiainue), “ianeaieiaaoeue”, “i?aii?iaeenoay
ioeoey”, “iaciaeiiee”, “ian oeaii-aee”, “?ica?eiee” ? o.ae.).
Aeiaeaoeia? anioe?aoe?? aeeeeeathoue oaeiae eiioaenoe aeei?enoaiiy
aeii?i?a, ?o nioe?aeueia ieieeoey. C?oeiaiiy a iaeiiio eiioaeno? /aioey
A?eai??y ? ?oaeaiy oiiaeeeaeth? cao?aiiy aeoaea oe?ieiai ae?aiaciio
aeooaaieo noai?a — a?ae a?ae/oooy iai?eyci?, iaeaee (neaae?ii, eiee
?oaeaiue ia oea?eiaieo oi?ao e?aaea ni?oy?eo) aei oe?eeiaeoiai
aioaaii?cio (eiee a?i caea? /aioey A?eai??y a “aieaaaaea”, caeioaa/oth/e
eiai a o/ano? o eiio??aaiethoe??); oiio “a?n?anuee?” i?eeiaoe, yeeie
iaae?ey? aaoi? ?oaeaiy, ii?eyaeththoue ?ioaioe?th cea,
“ciiaeaeueiaaiiai” /a?ac ii?iaiiaaiee ia?ac.

Aeni?an?ii?noe, aa?o/e ca i?ia?aeiee i?eioeei nai?? ooaeiaeiuei? nenoaie
ai?ioueao aeia?a ? cea, aeooa c iaoa???th, ?ioaineaii iane/othoue na?o
nai?o oai??a ??cieie oi?iaie aeeiai?cio, ?ooo, aeaathoue i?i oa, uia o
aeiaeiiio ?ac? ia i?eionoeoeny a iueiio noaoeee. Iayai?noue
iaiiaaiiaiiai ii?eao iiaea ?icoe?ithaaoeny ye ?iaeaen aeeoo?caeaoii?
ae?yeueii? aia?a??, ui i?ioenoi?oue noaaiaoe??, caaie?aiith, aio?ii??34.
O a??o? ?. Aaa?yiiai “Ae?a/eia” /eoa?ii: “Aeaooa? i?/ a?iiaie, // ?
caiey ae?eaeeoue o aecaii?. // Ca ethaia ie eoee o?iioaie, // Na?oea
eeioaoe i?ae eii?”. A a eiai iiai? “Cieioee aoia?aia”, iaaiaee, ?ooaiiy
ian oiiae?aith?oueny ?c no?oith, ia?iioith ia?iio, a aac?oo – ?c
oie?ioai?ai?noth, i?e/aoi?noth aei a?/iiai.

Uii?aaaea, o?aiey?oueny, eiee e aac?oo neoao? ca ?iaeaen iaeaeui? oi?ie
?ooo (a??o ?.Iaea?ee “Ea?oeie Aaeaa?aea Ioiea”). A ?. Iaea?ee a?i ca
nai?th i?eoiaaiith aia?a??th ??aiioe?iiee na?oia? ?? oaioaniaai??e. O
oe?e aea ieiuei? a?aeaiaeeoueny i?noea e aeey yeiaeoiia?eueiai?oeo ?oo?a
(a??o? “I?eno?anoue”, “Aei iaea?aeeiino?”, “Ionoeiy”). ? aac?oo, ?
oiia?eueiai?noue ?ooo – oi aai aeiaaaeaia aei a?ae/ath noeo?y, ui
ae/a?io? naaa /a?ac aioeoaco (“Oe aoa Aoe-Oo?ii o oo ieoue, // eiee y
aoea Niiei?i, // oe aoa ii?ai, // yea ?icaeaaei aa?aae ii?? aeoo?”), aai
a?aie/ia iaa?iiaaeaeaiiy aia?a??, aeecueea aei aeaooo (“Cae?athoue
c?aiaia eenoy c aei?iae. // Ii aacethaei?e aoeeoe? // Noiaoueny ian, //
Noiaaaoe i?ae iiae oa?no. // Ienaieoiee aiein ii ?aae?i // Caiia?aea?,
ui // Aeiu aiiiieoue”). ? oa ? oa ii?eyaeththoueny a ?. Iaea?ee a
ianeaiiio aacaeo?aeiiio e?oaeaeyii? /e ae ianeaiiio aac?ooia?.
Ianaiia?aae aiie i?eoaiaii? ia?acai “a?o?o” ? “oeo?”. “A?oa?”,
“ao?aa?e”, “ao?y” – oea ia ?ic?yae aia?a??. Aiie, ye ? “oeoa”, o iiaoane
ia iathoue i? ii/aoeo, i? e?ioey, ? iaeii??aeiei, oi/ ciai?oiuei i?aeoi
? ?ooiiei, noaiii na?oo (“oe aoa aeaae?aiei a?o?ii, // yeee e?aa
ethaenue-eo oaieioo”; “y caciaa ooae ca niioeai, // ca nieiaeoei
aaniyiei a?o?ii”).

Aei iaeiiaoi?thaaiioeo aeni?an?ii?noaie iioea?a iaeaaeaoue – “oiaea”,
“i?inooaaiiy”, “e?ie”. O O. Inueia/ee “eoe” iae/ano?oa ?iaeaenaeueii
iia’y-co?oueny c ?oei?aiei ia/aeii (“C ia/a? ? ii?, c oau?a, e?n?a aiaee
i?oee. // Ii /?aa? na?oa aaoaae oiaeyoue – // neo?, i’yi?, i’thoue
e?ia”), o?eaiaith (“Aei?i?i noai?ee oiaeea ii na?oeeoe?, // aaeeeei,
iioiaoei eoeaeii // a?ei?a o no?ie Oe?a?ie, – // caiey aoea, ye i?aeiee
aeca?i”), ia?aici?noth (“Ii aieioao oa ii y?ao ethaeeia eaea… //
Aeeaeoueny iiaeaaeaie, // aeeoa aeeiaie, // aieiaith na?o canooia?”).
Aoaa?, oe? iioeae anioe?ththoueny c ?aaiaae?enueeith oi?ioeith: “Anoaiue
? eaee”. (“Ii?a anoaaaoe!… Onoaaae!.. ?aee!…”). ?ieiee “a?aeiiaeaia
oiaea” ni?aa?aeiineoueny c oai?/ei o?ainii (o iiai? “Iiao”). ? oiaea e
iciaeith oe?eeiaeoi? aeaia?niiae?caoe?? ethaeeie (o “eieii?aeueieo
iano?iyo” aiye?a ?in?enueei? a?i?? a “I?ni? c i?aii/?”: “Iaaeaeaeoa
oaao, iaeaaeoee!”). Ia ?ioeo ??aiyo ?oo?a ? noai?a “oiae?” aea?aaeaioi?
ia?ace “iciiao”, “o?aio?iiy”, “eeoiiaiee”, ”o?ynee”, “oi?naiiy”,
“eieeaaiiy” oiui. Ao?i, eiee-ia-eiee aiie ia?aaiaeyoue noa’?eoa a ?ioee
na?o – eaceiaee, i?oieia?/iee (“Eacea”), /aeeoinueeee (“Eaaaiaea”) aai
oaioaniaai?e/iee (“O?oie a aayo”). Oai eiio a?aee?eaa?oueny oa?iieoey
aoooy e ?noeie. Iioeae “oiaee”, “i?inooaaiiy” iiaeooue ia?a?inoaoe o
o?einioaio na?oiai? e?oaiaa?o? (“Ia?aai Ano?eiaiai i?ea”), aea aaea
iii?oi? ne?aee einiiaii?/iiai aeoo: eiinoeoothaaiiy ia?ac?a aeiaeiea
na?oiai? in?.

Ca?nii, ye noeeueiaa iiaeaeue, aeni?an?ii?ci oe?a?inueeiai ca?oa?aeaey
aeyaa? o oe?oo no?oeoo?o – o iai?yi iiaea?i?cio.

Ia?aa?ao “Aecenoaioe?ae?ci: aoin ?iaeea?aea ? aeeooy ca?aaee nia?o?”
oa?aeoa?eco? aeeneo?n aecenoaioe?ae?cio a oe?a?inuee?e ca?oa?aei?e
iiac??. Ia aeoieo aecenoaioe?ae?no?a, ci?no ooaeiaeiueiai oai?o –
aea?aaeaio aecenoaioe?-aeueii? neooaoe??. Ooaeiaei? neiai ioneoue aai
aii?aoeny ?c aeaiii?/iith ieoe?noth na?oo, a?aenoithth/e noa?o
aaniethoieo oe?iiinoae, aai cana?ae/eoe ?oeiaoe?th ethaeeie oa
ae?eniino? ? oaeei /eiii aeoea?coaaoe o?aa?/ia ona?aeiieaiiy ?iaeea?aeii
nai?? aeie?. Nayuaiia i?n?y ienoaoeoaa – a?aee?eooy iaoao?ce/iiai (ye
eaaeooue nai? aecenoaioe?ae?noe – iioieia?/ii-aio?iiieia?/iiai) naino
?nioaaiiy. Ethaia ethaeeie aei i?e?iaee, aei ae?iee, aei anueiai nouiai
i?ieyaa? /a?ac a?ae/ae (O.Inueia/ea). ?icoi nie?a?oueny ia
i/aaeaei?noue, aea ui oaea i/aaeaei?noue, ye ia aano?ae (“? o?eaiaa
etho?oa ?noai ii? nna, // ? e?oaii aacii?aaeii aeeaethny, // ui i?/iai
noeo?y iai? ia iana // ? aeaaeaiiy iiaaniooe ionyoue”)? sseith ia? aooe
iiaaae?iea ethaeeie o na?o?, ui ?? ?ic/a?iao?? Ui ?e aeae?aoe:
iinoaeuea?th naiioe ? a?ae/ath /e ?icii?ioaiee oi?aa?noi? AEeoe ?e,
iiaeaaoeny o aaceiia/ieo no?aaeaeaiiyo ? ioeao, /e ana ae oaee
ni?iaoaaoe ae?ciaoeny, yeei ?iaii acaaae? ii?aeiaoe eia?eo aeoiee c
iaiao?aei?noth nia?o?: “Iaeei y ia na?o?, iia THaea a aath ia
a??ueiaoe?!…” Iiiyooy aano?aeiiai aoooy o ia?oo /a?ao i?eeeaaea?oueny
aei i?iaeaie naiaiaee, i?iaeaie, ocaeaaeiaii? iaa?oue ia no?eueee a?ae
iiiceoe?? aei aeaaee, ne?eueee a?ae aoioo i?ioe aioo??oi?o ? ciai?oi?o,
iac?eoeaieo ? noac?eoeaieo oiia. Ui aoiooaaoe, a ui aeia?ia?eueii
iieeaeaoe na?o – icia/a? iaeia e oa naia: noaaeoe eiai i?ae ciae
caieoaiiy. Nia?oue o iiac?? I. Eeeeie a?ae?a?a? ?ieue e?eciaiai noaio,
iniaeeaiai aei??o a?aenoai? i?ae aoooyi ? iaaoooyi (ca. “Eaaaiaee ?
nie”). Aino?a a?ae/oooy aeeooy ? nia?o? – i?eeiaoia ?ena oaeiai e??ecio.

A?aei?aaiee ioieo ooaeiaeiueiai na?oo A. Ieaeaie?anueeiai – e?aaei:
ethaeeia ? aeoo, a aeoo ? iniaeno?noue, yeo aecia/a? noaaeaiiy aei
naiiai naaa, aei Aiaa ? aei ethaeae. Ioiae, uia i?ioenoiyoe on?i
niieonai na?oo ? naiiaaa?aaoeny, o?aaa e aeeoe c aaeeeith a??ith a Aiaa
(“Iieeoaa”). Ca iiaoe/iith aia?aaoeeith “A?ei? o?aae” E. Iieoaae noi?oue
i?eioeeiiaa aeey ienoaoeoaa OO no. i?iaeaia ia?aoiaeo ia iaaa?aaeuei?
nenoaie neai?o?eaoe?? (ia “iiai?”, a “i?aeiiai?”, oae ae iiaeoe
“niiaoe/i?”) ? ia ?ioee noaoon a?oeeoethth/iai “y”. sse o O.Inueia/ee,
A. Ieaeaie?anueeiai, A. Eane/a, oae ? a E.Iieoaae, ?ioeo iiao?a
aecenoaioe?ae?nonueei? noeeueiai? iiaeae? (I. Eaeeoianueei?,
I.I?eoiaeueei), iacaaaeath/e ia ??ci? ?iaeea?aeoaeuei? a?aei?iiino?, “y”
– o?eania, a?ieia?/ia. Eiain – ?iaeaen oeueiai “y”, ? oiio an? i?ii?aei?
nthaeaoe aoaeothoueny ia ??cieo o?ainoi?iaoe?yo o?eaniino?.

Oe?a?inueeeo iiao?a-aecenoaioe?ae?no?a ia’?aeio?, ii-ia?oa, iaaeia??’y
aei ?noi???, yea aa/eoueny ?i o aeaeyae? ou?eueiaiiai iaa?iiaaeaeaiiy
oaino (?.Iaeaithe), cae?ciiai iinooio iaieio/ino? (A. Eane/). Ii-ae?oaa,
aiie ia i?eeiathoue iniiaiiai iinooeaoo ?a?iiaenueeiai ?aoe?iiae?cio i?i
aeeaeiio oioiaei?noue aoooy ? ieneaiiy, ai inoaii? iiaei a inyaiooe o?ae
iiae?e ? ethaeeio. A yeui caeiie nooiueiai ? ooa?iie/aieie, oi iaiacycie
niiaeyaeaiiy- i?iaieineoe iiaa?iaiiy aei ?a/ae oa ethaenueeeo aeieue o
?o aecenoaioe?aeueiiio c??c?. O.Inueia/ea oa ?io?
iiaoe-aecenoaioe?ae?noe aa?ooue yaeua iaeeie/ieie, ?ic??ciaieie i?ae
niaith, o nai?e iaoao?ce/i?e aeiaaeeiaino?, “naiino?”. ? /a?ac oa aiie
ni?eeiathoueny ia aaciina?aaeiuei, a caeaa?eueoiai /a?ac ?icaeai?io
o?ao?o iiia?aea/a. O “Aaniyi?e aeaa??” O.Inueia/ee noa??eo iiaeaiiy
?icaeai-th?oueny ia aea? iniaenoino?: oiai, ooi ethaeoue naith Oe?a?io,
a /e?e oya? aiia iinoa? ii-oaa/aie?anueeiio i?ae?aniei iaecaaeai (eiee
“aania c-iaae naae?a // n?y? aeiuai oa ??eeath” ? “eiaeiay a?oiueea ynia
aei e?a?a // ia na?o oyaia eenoy ?c aeath”, eiee “aa?y/? noiaie // ooiai
i?ae?eia iaae e?naie // ? c ae??th ioaoe aei ian o noaie // ne??cue
oyaiooue noaaeee iaaanaie”), ? oiai, ooi ?ic/a?oaaany o nai?e ethaia?
aei ia?, ai, iaiia aeo?aaaeue, “caaeoeaiee o io?oao aaciaei?”, a?i i?ye
ia iiaea caaneoe a nia? aeooaaii? ae?aie, ? caaaeea i?i ??aeiee e?ae
o?eueee aeaiaeeoue eiai c ??aiiaaae. Iiae?ai? “?icaeai?iiy” /anoi
cono??/a?ii y O.Oaa/aiea (“Iaaieueiee”), o A. Noona (“Aeieo/eei! Iaia
iai? a?o/ecie…”).

Oe?eaai, ui a O. Inueia/ee ca ?noeiiee aeaea?oueny ae?oaee ieai niia?ae?
– iiiieia ciaa??aii? ethaeeie. Ia?oee ieai – c?ciaiiy o aeeaie?e iioai?
aei ??aeii? caie?; aiii o?aaiaioa?ia, eeoa ie?ai? niiieie (“Iiy
Oe?a?ii… aoea ae oe iai? aei?iaith”, “i?e e?ath… aeaaineiaaiiee ua e
iei?” ? o.ae.). A?aeoae a iaeiiio e oiio ae iiiieic? i?aeoi iayai? aeaa
oe?eeiaeoi ??cieo aeneiaethaaiiy ?c ni?eueiei (iiii?i?/iei) ieaiii
ae?aaeaiiy. ?ice?eaath/e aeai?no?noue ni?eeoaaiiy i?ae ia?niiaaeaie, O.
Inueia/ea aiaeii/an aaaea iiao e i?i aia?aa-eaioi?noue no/anii? eiio
ethaeeie, yea ?iciaaea?oueny ia aiii?iio, noai?aio oiiaiinoyie
“ia-iniaeno?noue” ? i?eoiaaio i?e?iaeio “iniaeno?noue”. O ia?o?e
aeiaa/a?oueny caia?a/oaaia iaoe?ii?noue, ?ioa ae – iinooeth? oe?ii?noue,
oioiaeieee yei? ccyaeyoueny o i?ci?oeo oai?ao O.Inueia/ee: iaeaiueea, ia
iaoyaeaia aeiaeiei aeeoo?aei aeina?aeii aeeoeia aai oaa?eia, oiaoi
ia?niiaae? nooi?nii ianoi?ni? (a??o? “Eacea” ? “Neiy iea”).

Aea uia caaaiooe iniaeeaino? oe??? iiaeaethth/i? nenoaie, o?aaa
ona?aei-ieoe, ui ?icoiaeaeaiiy i?ae i?e?iaeiith iniaeno?noth ia?niiaaea
? eiai nioe?a-eueiith “ianeith” o O.Inueia/ee yaeua iaaaaeaia, aiiiae?y,
? ui ca aaaeaio “ii?io” iaea ae i?aaeoe ?o oioiaei?noue (ui cian?i ia
ci?ia? iaae? i?ae “iai?ae-?iaiei” ?ioeiiei, nooi iniaeno?niei, ?
“?iaeaiei”, oei, ui “a?a? ia ioae?-eo”). Iaeiae, “oioiaei?noue” icia/a?,
ii-ia?oa, aaeaeaaoi?noue iiae ? ci?noo, aeneiaethaaiiy ? i?aaeiaoa, i?i
ui aaea eoeiny. ?icoiaeaeaiiy i?ae ieie ia o?eueee ia?eo? a?aoith,
a?aeio inoaeo. Aiii iaaacia/ia e aeey naii? nenoaie, aeey ?? ?icoi?iiy
naaa ye a?aeiia?aeieea cia?aaeoaaiiai. Oei-oi aeni?thaaiiy eeoea-i??’y,
nayoaiieoeoaa, iooeainoaa, aeiia?aeath/e ni?iao “aei?aaeoe” na?o,
aiaeii?ac i?eneoaeo?oueny aei naiicaoenoo aeaii? ooaeiaeiuei? nenoaie (a
?ioeo nenoaiao oaea ?ica?aei?noue i?ae iiaith oa na?oii iinooeth?oueny ?
i?iaeoiaii aeio?eio?oueny). Ii-ae?oaa, iiaeoueny i?i ia?aaeienaeueio
ni?aiaaei?noue ia?niia-aea ?c naiei niaith: iaca?aaiiy a ?iaeea?aea ne?a
? a/eie?a, oiaaiaiue ? aeoiie ia i?ecaiaeeoue aei eiai ?icuaieaiiy ia
aea?eiee?a, a anueiai-iaanueiai eeoa “aoy-ao?” eiai a aano?aeia
noaiiaeua. Oei /anii a ?ioeo ooaeiaei?o nenoaiao, oi/a a o ?iiaioeci?,
iaoioiaei?noue naiiio nia? aeieeaaea ?c eiai na?oiaeyaeieo ca-naae
(iai?., aeoeoia/aiiy naiai ye /oaeiai o “Aaeeeeo i?iaiaeao” I.Eoe?oa).

”Ae?oaee” (i?aenioaeiee) ae?aeia o a??o? O. Inueia/ee “Aaniyia aeaa?y” –
o?eueee iaeei ?c iane?aee?a cacia/aieo aeaio oioiaeiinoae: a?i iiaea
aeieeiooe eeoa a oiiaao o?aeooaaiiy “/oaeiai ye naiai”, ui e iioeao?
anaciaiiy aaoi?a, eiai i?iieeiaiiy o /oaeo ineo?eo (aei ?a/?, oaae
aeiaeaeaio aeaiith iiaeaethth/ith ooaeiaeiueith nenoaiith). I?ioa ciiao
ae oaee aeaeii, ui iiao caia?a/o? anyeo i?aaeiaoi?noue ? /a?ac
ia?ac-?iaeaen iaiaaa?oueny ?ice?eoe aioo??oith nooi?noue i?ioean?a.
Iaea?eueoa aaaeeoue aeey iueiai a aeaa?eiiio iiiieic? ia Oe?a?ia, a??a o
ia?, /e ciaa??a o i?e, a a?aie/ia iai?oaa ia?aaeeaaiiy, iieacaia /a?ac
eaoaai??th “naiioe”. Aeoiee i?i Oe?a?io iieeeeai? oae?acieoe oeth
eaoaai??th: “i?e e?ath, ia i?e, // oa aeaaineiaaiiee ua e iei?, //
neaaee iai?, ui oe c?iaea, iia i?i?e, // aaniith ii?e naiioei??”

O?aa?/iee iano??e a?ae ia?aaeeaaiiy e?aoo oeea?e?caoe??, ui noaany /a?ac
iaiii?aaiee ciin o i?e on?o aeooiaieo ci?no?a ? oe?iiinoae, iaoao?ce/ia
icao/aiiy ao?aoe naino aoooy /a?ac a?aeneeaiiy aei a?/ii? i?e?a/aiino?
nia?oii? eththaeeie, aea?aii? iai??e ia?niiaaea ia?aiiaoe (ia??aeei e
i?inoi ia?aoa?i?oe), ia?aaoaeiaoth/e onoaiiaee ianiiae? nai?? iaoo?e,
yea ouaio cieuaia o cae/iiio nioe?oi? e iai?ecaieyua iieeiooa ai?iaai, –
on? oe? ciaiaiiy OO-ai no. aaeueie aeioeei iinoathoue a
aecenoaioe?ae?ci?, niiioeathoue ui?aco caa?oaoe iiaeyae aei iueiai, eiee
oai?e aaeeeeo iaeno??a neiaa noiae? ca cao/aiiyi. Ia i?eioeei?
?ic/aoiooino? iniae aoaeothoueny a??o? I.Eeeeie (iai?. “I?iiaaaiaea”),
aea ethaeeio ?ic/aoiooi ia eoeueoeaiaaii-ii?aeueio oa niiioaiii-?ioeiio.
Ii?aeueia ca?aa?oueny ?c noaaeaiiyi aei oaeanoa, nia?oae, a?ei,
aeieuaiiy ?iaeo ethaenueeiai (“Ii? i?aaeee aaea ? aaeo?”, “Ii? iauaaeee
aoee aeaaii aaeo?”), a ?ioeiia iaaoaa? oa?aeoa?o ineoieia?/ii?
?aoeaen??, ca yei? ?iaeea?ae ia cia?, ?nio? a?i /e i?. I?ioa iaeaea?
?iinoan? ia onaiino?eiai?, aiie ooi/iththoue ? aeiiiaiththoue
caaaeuei?oo “?inoaioe?th” –“aeieth acaaae?”.

Ca?aene – caaaaeeiai-ai?iaeee ia?ac “aeie?”, iia?aie/iee ciae on?o
ianoa?i-ieo a?ae ? ii?acie, ui ?o iaciaeany ethaeeia. Ciae oie
iaiaei?iii aeaeeneo? a e??eoe? aecenoaioe?ae?cio, aeaeeneo?
??ciiaaeoi?ii. Caoeueeiaai?e ? i?e?a/ai?e ia naiioo ethaeei? iaoiai
noie?ooy oei ia iaioa o?aaa aeeoe aeae?, ?nioaaoe anoia?a/ aaeee?e
iaeanoe? aeie?, ciaoiaeeoe niin?a iaae?eiiai aoooy ia?aae eeoeai nia?o?.
I?iiiaenoa c oeueiai iiaeyaeo e?ioe?aea a??oa I. Eeeeie: “Oa oaia? y
i?eaaaeoth, // ui ii? iauaaeee aoee aeaaii aaeo?, // ui iiaeia i?i ieo
aaea ? eacea // ? aeiaoa ia aeeaothny”. Ca oieiaeieie ? niie?eieie
?yaeeaie – oeoee no?eiaiee aeao, ui a?aeaiieoue aiaeaa?eeyi ? eii/eiith.
Oea iniaeeaee aeooaaiee noai, ca yeiai aiioe?y aeaiiino?o? ?aaeoe?th
na?aeiiino? ia iaaio aeeoo?ao neooaoe?th.

O ?icae?e? “Nenoaia ia?aoa?aioii? (aacaae?anii-iaeiioi?eaoeaii?) e??eee”
a?aoiaioo?oueny, c iaeyaeo ia ciaeiao e??eeo, aei?aa-aeai?noue ??
oai?/i? iaoiaeieia??, yea ii?enooith?oueny a i?e eiiiiioaaiiyi
“naiiaeinoao-iueiai oaenoo”. Ooaeiaei?e na?o ia?ac? oe?eeiaeoi ao?a/a?
aae?anio iia?aeii/?noue ? oiiae?aith?oueny aei neiaieo (ii?. aeua
ia?aa?ao “Oaeno ye oaeno”). Oae?e iiac?? i?eoaiaiia neioeueoaii?noue ?
iaia?a?ai?noue iaaeci?noiaiai ae?aaeaiiy, yea iae/ano?oa cae?enith?oueny
ia oii?/iiio ? a?ao?/iiio ??aiyo. Ooieoe?y oaeeo ia?ac?a – ia?aoa?aioia
(aai a?a?o?aeueia).

?ic??ciaiiy i?ae noeeyie aacaae?anii-iaeiioi?eaoeaii? (aai ae
ia?aoa-?aioii?) e??eee aeniiao?oueny ia oae?e ?iaa?n??, ca yei? ia
aaoiiii?th i?aoaiaeothoue noee?caoe?? (aeea. aeua ia?aa?ao “Noee?caoe?y
oa ?? nai?ioe/i? iaoai?cie”). No?oeoo?a ?o o a??o? I.Noaoaiiae/a “C
e?oiieno” aecia/a-?oueny ia ?iaiaioieie aeai?e “ae?eniino?” ii?iaie
(oi/a ooo ? o?ao?othoue ia?aoaene/i? ca’ycee, ye o ?a/aii?: “Eaei oieeei
aan, ainoe, // ? ia iiainoa iaeaeoeny, // Ii iia?ainoa?”), a ia/aaoi
ciai?oi?ie i?eaianaiiyie, i?ecia-/aieie o?aa ui aeey oae?aciaiiy
iia/aeueii? ooieoe?? iiaoey35. *a?ac oa e canoiniaaii “e?i?eio”
eiio?ao?aoe?th ia?aco e?oiienoey, yeee aenooia? iin??i ii?aeueiiai
aaoi?eoaoo ? aiaeii/an ia?nii?o?eo? i?eoiaaio aeaai??th o aeaeyae?
?ai?i?noeaioe?? c? “Neiaa i iieeo ?ai?aa?i”: “Iacaiaea i?ae niaith
i?ecaiaeeoue aei ii?acee”. O TH. Eeie, cie?aia a eiai noee?caoe?? “I?i
oaaoey Eiaeoiyeo”, ooaeiaeiy oi?ia a?aeaea? ao?ith “e?oiienaiiy” –
ciai?oi?e ? aioo??oi?e na?o ia?niiaaea iia’ycothoueny c eiai oaeaaaii
a?oa?ciaaiei niiniaii iiaeaiiy, iiao noee?co? ia o?eueee ae?aeiae
(“Iiiao ? nia?oue”), a e iiao iiia?aea/a (“Aeeyaie”, “A?ne ? eiaaoeue”),
iaea?aeoth/e a oaeee niin?a aa?iii?th iia – a?c?th na?oo. Oae naii
a/eiea ?. Iaeaithe o a??o? “Ie o iie? aeeoi – eiieoaie caeoi”, o yeiio
aeae?i?ioaaa c iiae ia?aoe??? ae?ace, ui noia?a/eee
aaia?ao?/ii-ineoieia?/i?e iniia? oe?a?inueei? aeooiaiino? OO-ai no. O
“Iea/? ??ai??” A. Aa?anaae/a ?aeiino?oeoe?y a?ae?eii? eaeneee ?
e?iaa?noe/ia, ? ienoaoeueea aiaeii?ac, caaaeyee aeai?ia? ie?aieo ?en
noee?ciaaiiai oai?o, aeai?ia?, a?aeiia?aeii aei i?aaiaoeee eiioi?eaoe??
? aioo??oiuei? iaoe iiaie. N. Ai?aeeinueeee /anoi noee?co? iiaoe/io
iaia?o nai?o eieaa: o “Ciaeia? a?eoa” – “Aaneeene” TH.Eeie, o
“Uiaeaiiiio” – “Iieei” ?. Iaeaithea, a “Aiiea-e?ioe/iiio” – “1941-1944”
I. Noaoaiiae/a.

Iiaoeea “aeiae noee?caoe??”36 iaoiiaeth? ??ci? ni?aa?aeiioaiiy i?ae
?noi???th oa oa?aeoa?aie. I?ioa aiia aeaiiino?o? (? oi a ia?oo /a?ao)
aeeaeio inyaiaiiy oeeo aca?iei, ooaeiaeith o?einio?th eiaeiiai.
Iae/?oe?oiai ci?noo caaaeaiee neioac ae?noaany o noee?caoe?yo
C.Aa?aaeaia (“I?niy i?i TH??y Ia?aiiaeoey”, “Eeno”, “AEo?aa”, “Aeiu ?
naiioi?noue”, “Iaaoe” oa ?io?). Oae, nooue “I?ni? i?i TH??y Ia?aiiaeoey”
ni?aaae? e?eue/eoueny aeanue ia ia?a?iac? na?aeiiino?, aeeaeoueny
aethc?yie ia?iaeiii?naiiiai iiaeaiiy (“Ie, eaea aoe!”, “Ea?ee eiiee”,
“Eicae aeua niioey oaaeth”) oa aaoi?nueeeie iaieia?ciaie (“oia?iai?a”,
“neueici?ina”, “e?iaioey”, “ci?eiaeei?oe”, “i?oaioi?eoe”). ?eoi?/ia
eiiiiceoe?y ia?iaeii? i?ni? ino/aniaia, ?ai?acaioiaaia a?ith neiaaie ?
caoeaie, inyyia na?oeith oni?oeith aaoi?a.

Ca??ee “Aonea”, “Eiyaea aiaeue”, “Aaniyiea” I. Eyoo?einueei? –
noee?caoe?? i?ae eeoea?nueeee aiin. ?o oeaio?o? ?aeay a??iino?
eiaeaenia? ai?ia-ae?oaeeiieea c ?aiiueiai na?aaeiueia?//y. Aea?? niiniao
aeeooy, ui a?aeiia?aea? i?eienai eeoea?nueei? /ano?, aeii?io? ? a iiai?
“??iiei”. Uii?aaaea, “eeoea?ai” ooo aenooia? /a?iaoeue-e?oiienaoeue
??iiei; ? ae?? a?i “/a?ac aiai?aiiy”37. Oei-oi iiaoana ca i?eeeaaeii
oooo?eno?a /anoi-aonoi aeeaaea? a eiai onoa iiao o?eoeaio, a?aeiniaeaio
a?ae uiaeaiii? eiioi?eaoe??, o oe?e iia? /eiaei iiaioai??a,
oea?eiaiineiacyi?ci?a.

?. Aaa?yiee o nai?e “Oaa/oe?” noee?co?, aeio?eioth/e ia?iaeii? iiaoeee
(“Iaae aeeaiith iioath cieioith i?ioaith, // N??aiith ii?ioath ea?oiooue
iaethnoee. // Oni?oeith aeaeueiith, caaaeeith oi?ioith // Iinioaaeenue
aoiieai? iiiaoii ?oee”). Iaeiae ia?iaeiii?naii? ac??oe? ia caaaeaee
oioiaei? c ii?iaie aeanii? iiae ?. Aaa?yiiai. ?eoi?ea a??oa “Ie, eaoyoue
aeaa nieiee…” nai?ie neieiiiaaii-aeeniiainiaeie aoaeoaie, ia?aiaaeaie,
aaaaonoaii ae?oa?aoe?e ia?aiaaa? i?naiiiia?iaeio. Noee?caoe?y ciooo?
caieneeoenue iaae ?? ooieoe??th, a?aeneeath/e aei iiaoeee ia?iaeii?
i?ni? ? aei “Oaa/ee” I. A?aaianueeiai (“C ?aieo ? aei aa/i?a… ? aeiee
aoaea neea… // Ia /oaeiio-ethaenueeiio – oi ae iiy ia/aoue! // Aeoi
aace?aei?o ieoeo aoiia iaeeoneea, – // Ia ai?eiaoe e?i/eee, ieoeo ia
noa/aoue”). Noee?coth/e, aaoi? i?eoiao? oneeaaeiaiee e??e/iee coac?eo
(“y” – “ia-y”), aeey yeiai iiaeeeaa e ioioiaeiaiiy c e??e/iei
ia?niiaaeai I. A?aaianueeiai, ? a?aei?ii?noue a?ae iueiai. O oe?eiio
“Oaa/ea” ? oaeiae neai?o?eaoii ao?a/aiiai /ano, /a?ac ui e ni?aaey?
a?aaeaiiy eaac?oeeoaoe c I.A?aaianueeiai. ?. Aaa?yiee i?ae iiaeoue i?i
oa, ui neacaa ia nai. Eaac?oeeoiaaia iiaa aaeeoa? iiaa aeeooy o oaa/eo,
oaea ii-nai?io iuaneeaeth? ??: “Oiaeeoue-oiaeeoue oaeeyie ao?oa, ye
aeii…” Ai?eia nea?iao? aei aeina?aeo I. A?aaianueeiai ? iic??ii
aeaeiaoaa? c ieioeiai nai? a?aeeoiiy.

O iiac?? oe?a?inueeiai ca?oa?aeaey i?eeiie noee?caoe?? aeei?enoiaothoue
I.Ieueaee/ (“Aoa aea a?e cieioee…”), A. Aa?ea (“Aeoia i?i aeia?iai
eoaaioey”), TH. Eina/ (“Iaiaaooai, 103-oa aoeeoey”), A.Aiae (“Ethaiai?
eenoe eiyaeie Aa?ii?ee aei ea?aeeiaea Aeaeiaaii?aaoo?noe”), A.E?aaoe?a
(“O?enoin ?iaeeany”), ss. Neaaooe/ (“*e ia aiaea, a?aooy, niiaaaeaoe…”).
O aaaaoueio oai?ao aeei?en-oaii noee?caoe?th i?ae ae?aeaeo (o a??oao
“Ea?iaoe”, “Ia Aiaa?e?”, “I?/e?a o ai?ao” I. Aaa?y).

Iaeii/anii noee?caoe?y noa? ienoaoeueeei i?eeiiii ? oai, aea e?oa?aoo?a
aeyaey? caoe?eaaeai?noue iianyeaeaiiith iiaith i?inoeo, aacii?aaeieo
ethaeae, /ei caeiaoaa?oueny ia aaeaeaaoia ae?aaeaiiy oaioe/ii?
uiaeaiiino? c ?? ci?oaieie aeaaaeueaiaaieie aa?oinoyie (E.Iinaiaec o
“E?eieoe? i?aeiino?” ii?aeio? iiaio a?o c iiaeie ia?aoe?eieie oaoi?eaie:
ooo iiia?aeue neeaea?oueny ia onio, oaeno iane/aiee ?icia?oeie cai?ioaie
? o?ao?aie).

Aei nenoaie ia?aoa?aioii? e??eee iaeaaeeoue ? nth??aae?noe/ia iiac?y
(ia?aa?ao “Nth??aae?ci: i?ino?? ia?aiiy”), yea aaco?oueny ia /eneaiieo
aenia?eiaioao. *e ia iae/?euei?oei na?aae ieo aoei oae caaia aaoiiaoe/ia
ienueii (ecriture automatique), ui oiiaeeeaethaaei aenieoaoaoe?th
i?aena?aeiiiai e aoaeo iaoao?ce/ii? ?aoeaioe??. Ienaoe aaoiiaoe/ii – oea
ienaoe, iaeneiaeueii ca?eueieaoenue a?ae eiio?ieth ?icoio, eaeo/e ca
ieeiii a?eueieo anioe?aoe?e, ia iiaa?oath/enue aei iaienaiiai oaenoo, a
aeiaeiiio ?ac? i?/iai ia aei?aaeyth/e (oai?/?noue C.Aa?aaeaia). Ca
i???ioaoe?? ia niiaeae?iiy oie, ooi aa/eoue nii, ?iciia?aea? i?i iueiai
(a?eueo?noue a??o?a A.Aie/oea), aea iiaeooue iia?aeaoe e oaa?eia,
?ineeia, i?aaeiao, eiiaoa (a A.Aiae??anueei?). Ia?ac
niiaeaeoey-iiia?-aea/a 1) ni?eeia? e ia?aaea? ci?no aa/aiiai o ni?
aeooiaii ? 2) anioe?th? ci?no aa/aiiai oa? ni? c /ooo?aeie ?aae?yie,
oiaoi o?ainoi?io? eiai o /ooo?ao eiie?aoeeo. O ia?o?e neooaoe??
a?aeoa?iaothoueny a?ae niiaeae?iue ??ci? iaoaii?oice, canoeioeueiaai?
/oaeanieie iaiae??aeaie (o a??o? I.Co?anueeiai “Ca/a?iaaia ii?a”).
Ae?oaa a?aeiaaeiao? niiaeae?iiy a?ae i?i?ioeoa oa iaee?iaaiue.

Oai?e, ui nie?athoueny ia i?aena?aeii? anioe?aoe??, a?aaeathoue nai?th
caouai?-noth, iacae/aei?noth. A. Aiae??anueea canoiniao? a?coaeueiee
aoaeo eiacath/iai iea: noai?th? o aoeaaiieo eiio?ao?aoe?yo eaaeue
iii?oi?, eiace? iaae? i?ae o?ao?ith ? oiiii, ciooo? /eoa/a i/eia aeoeaoe
ii aa?oeeae? ? ii ai?eciioae? eiio?ao?aoe?? – c?? ?c ieaio cia?aaeaiiy
ia?aa?aa? ia ieai oiio, /a?ac ui oa?? caeeaeo?oueny c ?aeaia?aiith.
Aeaiaioe i?e?iaeiiai ? i?aaeiaoiiai na?oo o a??o? o??? ae
A.Aiae??anueei? “Caeioaiee e?oi?e aeiu” ni?aaae? aeoaea caouai?,
i?ae?a?ai? ? ci?aai?ciaai? a nenoaio ca iaaiei e?eoa???i. sseui
oaaaei?oa o oai?? i?eaee-aeoeny aei ?o iaai?o, oi iaaaaeei iii?oeoe, ui
a ieo aeii?iothoue oae? ?o i?eeiaoe, ye “caeaeno?noue” (“neio/? oeea”),
“oaeeyno?noue” (“aea?a na?oei c aa?aa?a”), “o?aiaoi?noue”
(“Aeaoeueeothoue ?c aeee iiei/i? ia?a”), “i?ici??noue” (“? eenia, aanue
i?ici?ee”), “oaeo/?noue” (aeiu “eiaeiiio – a ii?e”). Oea ae naia eaaei
ciaeoe ? a ?ioeo iiac?yo A.Aiae??anueei? (“Oneeaaeiaiiy c? na?oeii”,
“Iane?aeee niiyoii? aeieie”, “Ca ea?an?a o aieiaao”, “A?ica c ?aioiaei
i?iyn-iaiiyi”, “Ia?aaena?oaieiaa ia?ai?uaiiy”,“A?ica ia iaeiio
a?aeoeieo” oiui). Iianthaee a iaethieo a?aaaneiai iaeeioo? (o
aca?iinieao?) eieuei?e, ?ineeie, ioaoe, aea?aaa, eiiaoe, – ia/a iiiaeo?
aeeieith eeai, eaae?, i/a?ao, iiei/ae, eiioo, a?ea, yaiaea, e?iue, ian,
eica, oeaaeeia, /a?aieoey, i?nie, aaaethea, ai?iia, eano?aea, aaeaeiea,
aeiu, no?oiie, ??ea. Ne??cue ? caaaeaee eiioo? iaeei: iaia?a?aia, aea
/?oei ae?aaeaia iaaiae?e/ia e?i?y c aeeaieeie aocueeeie ae??caie ?
no??iei aeicy/aieie aenooiaie38. Ca?aene eiioo?ia aeaeeai aiaee (“?c
eooeeea ee? aeiaao aiaeo”), iia?o?y (“iae?aneeaoe a iia?o?? eoo”,
“iia?o?y eenoy ieaaieeaie”, “iia?o?y ei??ioe? ionoeei”,) aeiuo (“aeiuo
neeyiee iaan”), na?oea (“na?oaieo a?eey ieaaeaeaaa”, “niioea o
iaaooeii?”), ioieoe?i? ia?aaeaiee ?ineei (“o?iyiaea aeoea”, “aaeaeoeee c
?aicyo?a”), iaaeuei? i?io?e? i?aaeiao?a (“oaeaoiiia yeoea”, “eaicyiee
noa?e”, “o?aaao, ye eii??”). Oeae aea i?eioeei “??cueaeaieo o?iae”
ai/aaeaeiaii o ciaethaaii? oaeeue ooiaio, ia?aa oia?ei, ianioa aeiuo,
ii?ea?a a?o?o, aaeueno eenoy, e?oaiaa?o? ni?aia??a, iaaeene?aoieo
na?oeiaeo ? eieuei?iaeo ia?aoiae?a (iioio?eo i?aoii?a, i?ici?ino? ?
iai?ici?ino? (iai?. e?eeaoeue aaeaeiee), iaeiaeeoa?aioe?eiaaieo aa?a
(“neiuei?-caeaii?”). Ia a?aeo? oaeiae ?icieea/anoeo ae?aeeo oii?a
(“aeiuo neeyiee iaan”), a?aeaeca?eaeaiue (“?onaeea i?iianea aeaa??oi”,
“Eiiaoe a eaaeiaa? ia?ooue iaaani? e?ae?”, “A iia?o?? ei?iie”).

Oe?eaai, ui nai i?aaeiao cia?aaeaiiy, oi/a e i?ieoia /a?ac “oaa?eeo”
aaoi?iai? iiaoe/ii? oyae, ia uaca? oe?eeiaeoi. I?ioa a?i oaea ? ia ?
oaeei, yeei ie eiai caeeee aa/eoe a ?aae?noe/ii-iiaooiaiio ieai?. A
A.Aiae??a-nueei? “aeiu”, i?iiouaiee /a?ac niiaeae?iiy (a??o “Caeioaiee
e?oi?e aeiu”), a?aeoae oe?eaaee ia nai?ie ciai?oi?ie aeanoeainoyie (oa,
ui a?i “i?ici?ee”, caeeaa? e?a?aeaee, oaioeth? ii aieio?, i?eneooa?oueny
aei a?iio o iaa? ? o.ae.). ?? “aeiu” – “niiaeae/ee” c?acie “aeiuo”,
naiino?eiee oaiiiai c eiai aeanieie caeiiaie aoooy, ia?ac-“a?a?eae”, o
yeiio ai?aeeii noyaioo? a?aei?oi? iciaee ??cieo a?ieia?/ieo i?ioean?a,
ooieoe?e ethaenueeiai i?aai?cio (“aaa?oiee”, “o?yu?”, “iei”, “ioo?i”,
“aeieii?”, “ae?acee”, “uiee”), ia iia?aaoaaii e iaoeia? oa?i?ie
(“na?aeii?noue”, “iioiea?//y”), iiaooia? ?a/? (“eieiaea”, “oeei”), yaeua
i?e?iaee (“aanaeea”, “a??i”), i?enia/ai? neiaa (“ia/oia?a”, “noi?oue ?
eenia”, “oeiaey”, “iauaeooa”). “Niiaeae/ee aeiu” oe?eaaee nai?th
aioo??oiueith iai?oaith, aeeiai?eith, ui aeinyaathoueny uieii cacia/aiei
neioacii. sseui ?aae?ci oa iai?aae?ci aa?ooue iac?eo ?c ae?eniino?, oi
nth??aae?ci nai oai?eoue eiai o aeaeyae? “iaae?aaeueiino?”. Oiio a
oaenoao A.Aiae??anueei? (ye, c?aooith, ? a A.Aie/oea, A.Aiae,
TH.Oa?iaanueeiai, A.?oa/aea, ?.Ooaa?nueei?, I.Eeeeie) aiae? ooeaoe
ni?aa?aeianaiiy i?ae ooaeiaei?i na?oii ? iicaoaenoiaith ?aaeuei?noth. Oa
e acaaae? A.Aiae??anueea ? ?? iia?aoeie ii ienueio a?aeaoeeny ye
nth??aae?noe caaaeyee aeani?e eiioeaioe?? iaoaiiae, yea uaae?i
aeei?enoiao? aeeaiieniee i?eeii eieaaeo oa nii??ae-iaieo c iei oaoi?e
(o?iooaaeo, a?aooaaeo ? o.ae.), aea iiaeaethth/? eaoaai??? naiaiaee ?
a??e, ia?aiiy ? ciaoe?iaiiy, nio ? yaeaiiy a?ae?a?athoue i?ia?aeio
?ieue.

O Aeniiaeao cacia/a?oueny, ui e??eci oe?a?inueeiai ca?oa?aeaey OO no. o
nai?e aaiethoe?? i?ioiaeeoue /a?ac o?e neio?iii? aeene?aoi? noaie: a)
?aoa?aio-iee (aae?anii-eiioi?eaoeaiee), a) iai?iaceniee (c iaiaaeaiith
?aoa?aio-i?noth), a) ia?aoa?aioiee (aacaae?anii-iaeiioi?eaoeaiee). Ia?oo
nenoaio yaeythoue iaieeaneoeeci (TH.Eeai, I.Ieueaee/, I.Oae?aa,
N.Ai?aeeinueeee, ?.Ea-/o?ianueeee), neiaie?ci (I.I?ano, I.Noaoaiiae/,
I.Aaa?e, A.Aaa?eethe, E.Eeiai), iaiaa?iei (?.Iaeaithe, O.Eo?i?oa,
A.Aa?ea, TH.Eina/, A.Eane/), iai?aae?ci (ss.Neaaooe/, I.Oa?iaanueeee,
A.Nei?oinueeee). ?o anoaoeeo iiaeia iacaaoe anoaoeeith oioiaeiino?, ca
yeith noi?oue i?iaoe/ia eiioeaioe?y a?aeia?a-aeaiiy aeeooy. Aei ae?oai?
(iai?iacenii?) iaeaaeaoue aeni?an?ii?ci (O.Inueia/ea, A.Ieaeaie?anueeee,
I.I?eoiaeueei, ?.Aaa?yiee) oa aecenoai-oe?ae?ci (O.Inueia/-ea, I.Eeeeia,
E.Iieoaaa). Ooo, cai?noue cae/ii? aeey ?aoa?aioii? e??eee e?i?eiino?
(iine?aeiaiino?, a?aaeaoe??) iiae ? aeaoaeoaaiiai ooaeiaeiueiai na?oo
iiaoe/ia ieneaiiy nie?a?oueny ia ?ic?iaeai?noue aeaiaio?a o
cia?aaeoaaiiio, a aieiaieie eeaneo?eaoi?aie aenooiathoue iciaea oa
?iaeaen. Iniiao ia?aoa-?aioii? (aacaae?anii-iaeiioi?eaoeaii?) e??eee
neeaaeathoue noee?caoe?? (I.Noa-oaiiae/, I.Eyoo?einueea, C.Aa?aaeai,
?.Aaa?yiee) oa nth??aae?ci (A.Aiae??a-nueea, A.Aie/oe, A.?oa/ae,
TH.Oa?iaanueeee, A.Aiae, ?.Ooaa?nueea, I.Eeeeia). ?oi?e ooaeiaei?e na?o
oe?eeiaeoi ao?a/a? ?aoa?aioi?noue ? ia?aoai?th?oueny o ciae, aeey oaei?
iiac?? oa?aeoa?ia neioeueoaii?noue ? ?icieo?noue ieaio ae?aaeaiiy.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeaii a ioae?eaoe?yo:

1. E??eea oe?a?inueei? ai?a?aoe??: aaiethoe?y noeeueiaeo nenoai.
Iiiia?ao?y.- E.: 1998. – 313 n.

?aoe. Ieaenaiae? Caaa?iee. Ai?eciio iioei?cio // N?aa?yinueeee e?oiien.-

1999. – ?2. – N.143-144.

2. Iiaoe “Iueth-Ei?enueei? a?oie”. – I?aeei, 1995. – 30 n.

3. Iao?i Iaea?/aiei. Oo?eoe aei e?oa?aoo?iiai ii?o?aoa. -I?aeei, 1996.-
52 n.

?aoe. Iao?i ?ioa/. Aac caiia/oaaiue ? oaeueneo?eaoe?e // Neiai ? /an. –

1997. – ? 1. – N.86-88.

4. O iiooeao na?oiai? aa?iii?? (A.Neiai?iaea ? TH.Eeai). – I?aeei, 1996.
– 30 n.

5. Aiieae?inen ?aaaia Iaeaithea. – I?aeei, 1997. – 30 n.

Ieoaeei Aey/aiei. Aeaeaaie/a i?ia?aia “E?oa?aoo?ia ae?anii?a”

// N?aa?ueia. – 1997. – 30 o?aaiy.

6. Noee?caoe?y. – I?aeei, 1998. – 50n.

7. Oei ? neiaie // E?oa?aoo?ii-a?iiaaenueea ae?yeuei?noue Iaaea Oe/eie.
– *a?i?a?a, 1991. – *.1. – N.4-6.

8. “I?aeei”: iiaa?oa?ii ?iaia // Neiai ? /an. – 1992. – ?3. – N.61.

9. “?a?iia?ci” Iaioaeaeiiia Eoe?oa ? no/ania ooaeiaei? ieneaiiy
//Anoaoc?a I.A., Aieo?aaoeue N.?. oa ?i. Aea/aiiy oai?/ino? Iaioaeaeiiia
Eoe?oa o oeie?. *a?i?a?a, 1993. – N.80-94.

10. Ae?anii?a: Ieueaa Iae // Neiai ? /an. – 1993. – ?7. – N.110.

11. Iiaoeea iaieeaneoeecio (iaa?aeiiee ia?aeeaae Ieeiee Ca?iaa) //
E?oa?aoo?a oa eoeueoo?a Iie?nny. Iaoe. ca. I?aeeinueeiai iaae?i-oo. –
I?aeei, 1994. –Aei.5.–N.135-141.

12. “? aoaeoaaoeio e?ane iac?eiee ?ei…”. I?neyiiaa aei ei.: ?ai?
Ea/o?ianueeee. Iniiae aiae?co iiaieo oi?i (Eaeneea). – Ithioai – I?aeei,
1994. – N.110-132; oaeiae: Ia?en aeeooy ? oai?/ino? ?ai?y
Ea/o?ianueeiai. – I?aeei, 1994. – 25 n.

13. Iaoeiaa iiac?y // Oe?a?inueea e?oa?aoo?ia aioeeeeiiaae?y: A 5-oe o.
– E.: 1995.- O.3. – N.464-465.

12. E??eea oe?a?inueei? ae?anii?e: “Iueth-Ei?enueea a?oia” //
Oe?a?inueea e?oa?aoo?a a oeie?. – 1995. – Aei. 1. – N.3-25.

13. Aeaiaioe oai??? e?oa?aoo?e a oe?euei?e i?ia?ai? // Oe?a?inueea
e?oa?aoo?a a oeie?. – 1996. – Aei. 2. – N.3-7.

14. ss? Neaaooe/: a?ae “aeeaaeiino?” aei aa?i?ee // E??eea ss?a
Neaaooe/a. Oii?. I.Eiaaeue/oe. – I?aeei, 1996. – N.3-30.

15. Iiaoeea a??oa TH.Eeaia “Aaao??/a” // Iaoiaeeea. Aeina?ae. Iiooe:
Iaoe. ca. I?aeeinueeiai iaae?i-oo. – 1996. – N.32-36.

16. Ia?ac aaoi?a o e?oa?aoo?iiio oai?? // ?.A?iicye, TH.Eiaae?a.
E?oa?aoo?i-ciaa/ee neiaiee-aeia?aeiee. – E., 1997.- N.513-514.

17. Ia o?eueee a I?aeei? // Neiai ? /an. – 1997. – ?8. – N.38-39.

18. E??e/ia iaoe?inio?y ?.Aieiaeeie?a. I?neyiiaa aei ei.: ?.Aieiaeeie?.
Iioeaea?/ ai?naiue. Iia?noue ?c no/aniiai aeeooy.-A?eoi??y (Eaican,
NOA)-Ee?a, 1996.-N.252-264.

19. Ia?aeeaaeaoeueeee aei?iaie ?ai?y Ea/o?ianueeiai // E?oa?aoo?a oa
eoeueoo?a Iie?nny: Iaoe. ca. I?aeeinueeiai iaae?i-oo.-1997.-Aei.
9.-N.146-152.

20. Oa?an Ei?ia?e, e?oa?aoo?iee aa?ie c? Neiacyoeia // Oa?iii?eey-97.
?aa?ii. ca. Oii?. I.Iienuee?a. – Oa?iii?eue, 1997. – N.211-214.

21. Na?o ye noai aeooo (A.Aeoa?ianueeee) // N?aa?yinueeee e?oiien. –
1997. – ?6.-N.37-40.

22. Anaie Aeieo?a Ieo/aiea // I?neyiiaa aei ei.: Aeieo?i Ieo/aiei.
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24. “ss aao iaa?ee, noaiia? oe?ioe…” (iiaoeea ss?a Neaaooe/a) //
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27. Iao?i Iaea?/aiei // Iao?i Iaea?/aiei. Oai?/?noue a/aiiai ?
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29. Aeiaaa aei?iaa iiaa?iaiiy. I?neyiiaa aei ei.: Aei. Ieo/aiei. Eenoe
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Aeiaeaoeia? ioae?eaoe??

1. Iae?nnay ?ai?y Ea/o?ianueeiai // E?oa?aoo?iee *a?i?a?a.–1993.–?.1.–
N.120-125.

2. E?oa?aoo?a oe?a?inueei? ae?anii?e: iiaa?oa?ii ?iaia // Aecaieueiee
oeyo. – 1993. -Ei. 7. – N.879-880.

3. Iao?i Iaea?/aiei. E?oa?aoo?ia neeueaaoea // Aecaieueiee oeyo
(Eiiaeii). – 1997. – Ei. 2. – N.201-213; Ei.3.- N.333-341.

4. A??o TH.Eeaia “Neiai?iaea”: ni?iaa i?i/eoaiiy // Iaaeaaia?/i? ia???.
– 1997.- ?2. – N.60-67.

5. ?.Eioae?aaoeue, I.Iaea?/aiei, ?.Ea/o?ianueeee (ca iaoa??aeaie a?o?a?a
NAO) // I?ina?oa. – 1997. – 9 na?iiy.

6. Ne?aeaie iaeiiai anath ?iiaia Eooa?y // Oe?a?inueea aeoiea
(Eiiaeii). – 1997. – 14 na?iiy.

7. E?oa?aoo?ia aea?aeaaa ia /oaeei? // Aecaieueiee
oeyo.-1997.-Ei.9.-N.1091-1100.

8. Oa?iieoey iniaenoino? (?.Ea/o?ianueeee – oai?aoee e?oa?aoo?e ?
e?eoee) // E?oa?aoo?ia Oe?a?ia. – 1998. – 3 aa?aniy.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: neiaie, iaoaoaeno, eiioaeno, ?iaeaen, iiaeaeue,
nai?icen, ia?aoeai?noue, aeeneo?n, ciae, ieai ci?noo, ieai ae?aaeaiiy,
aae?anii-eiioi?-eaoeaia (?aoa?aioia) ? aacaae?anii-iaeiioi?eaoeaia
(ia?aoa?aioia) iiac?y.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: neiaie, iaoaoaeno, eiioaeno, eiaeaen, iiaeaeue,
naieicen, ia?aoeaiinoue, aeeneo?n, ciae, ieai au?aaeaiey,
aae?anii-eiiioieeaoeaiay (?aoa?aioiay) e aacaae?anii-iaeiiioieeaoeaiay
(ia?aoa?aioiay) iiycey.

Key words: symbol, metatext, context, index, model, semantics,
semiosis, narrativity, discourse, sign, plan of contents, plan of
expression, address-communicative (referential) and non-address
communicative (non- referential) poetry.

O aeena?oaoe?? ia iaoa??ae? oe?a?inueei? ai?a?aoe?eii? e??eee
(1945-1990) ?icaeyiooi i?iaeaie aaiethoe?? ?? ooaeiaeiuei? naiaioeee,
i?e?iaee ? ci?ie noeeueiaeo nenoai, i?inoaaeo?oueny ao?eaiiy iaioaeueieo
? aoi?/ieo a?oaoei?a, nai?iceno. Aeine?aeiee aeei?enoiao? ?aea?
e?iaa?noeee, nai?ioeee, oai??? aoiino, aia?oa aaiaeeoue o iaoeiaee ia?a
iaoa??aee aa?oaanueeeo a?o?a?a Ae.Aeiioeiaa, Iiaeo Aeo?a, Iocath
e?oa?aoo?e ?i. A.I?oeeaae/a, a oaeiae a?o?a?a ?inoeoooo e?oa?aoo?e ?i.
O.Oaa/aiea IAI Oe?a?ie, IAN oa NAO.

A aeenna?oaoeee ?anniao?eaathony i?iaeaiu yaiethoeee ooaeiaeanoaaiiie
naiaioeee nia?aiaiiiai enoi?eei-eeoa?aoo?iiai i?ioeanna ia iaoa?eaea
oe?aeineie yiea?aoeeiiiie ee?eee 1945-1990 aa. I?ineaaeeaaaony
aiiei-uaiea aa oieaa?naeee (iaioaeueiuo e yoie/aneeo a?oaoeiia,
naieicena e aai aeaaiuo eiiiiiaioia). I?aaei?eiyoa iiiuoea
no?oeoo?ii-naieioe/aneie eioa?i?aoaoeee oe?aeineie ca?oaaaeiie iiycee,
eciaiaiee aa noeeaauo iiaeaeae, iaia?oaeaiey caeiiia o?ainoi?iaoeee,
eioi?uie aa?ee?otho ienaoaee a i?aaeaeao niioaaonoaaiiie naieioe/aneie
iauiinoe. Enneaaeiaa-oaeue caaeaaony oeaeueth nenoaiii iniuneeoue
iiyoe/aneia eneonnoai oe?aeineiai ca?oaaaeuey e iao?iiieee eae
iaaeaeeioth oeaeinoiinoue, iauynieoue aioo?aiithth naycue e noeeaaoth
i?aainoaaiiinoue iaaeaeo aeaoiy aeene?aoiuie ninoiyieie oe?aeineie
eeoa?aoo?u. Eniieuecothony iiaaeoea eaeae eeiaaenoeee, naieioeee, oai?ee
yoiina, aia?aua aaaaeaiu a iao/iue iaeoiae iaoa?eaeu aa?oaaneeo a?oeaia
Ae.Aeiioeiaa, Iiauo Aeoia, Iocay eeoa?aoo?u ei. A.Ieoeeaae/a, a oaeaea
a?oeaia Einoeoooa eeoa?aoo?u ei. O.Oaa/aiei IAI Oe?aeiu, IAAe e NAO.

A iauai ieaia aeenna?oaio auaeaeyao o?e neio?iiiua aeene?aoiua ninoiyiey
noeeaauo nenoai oe?aeineie yiea?aoeeiiiie iiycee OO aaea: a) ?aoa?aioiie
(aae?anii-eiiioieeaoeaiie) ee?eee, a) iaieiaceniie (i?iecaaaeaiee n
ia?aie/aiiie ?aoa?aioiinoueth) e a) ia?aoa?aioiie
(aacaae?anii-iaeiiioieeaoeaiie).

Ia?aoth nenoaio ninoaaeytho iaieeanneoeeci, neiaieeci, iaiaa?iei e
iai?aaeeci. Eo ynoaoeeo iiaeii iacaaoue ynoaoeeie oiaeaeanoaa, ca
eioi?ie i?iaeyaeuaaaony eiioeaioeey eneonnoaa eae ieiaceniiai
ecia?aaeaiey. Oeacaiiua noeee eniieuecotho iauee naieioe/aneee eiioeaio
– ooaeiaeanoaaiiue ia?ac (eeii). Oaeay iiycey auiieiyao ?aoa?aioioth
ooieoeeth, iie?aynue ia eeiaeiinoue (iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue, a?aaeaoeeth)
ycuea e ie?a eae oaenoa.

Ei aoi?ie nenoaia aeenna?oaio ioiineo yeni?anneiieci e yecenoaioeeaeeci
(ynoaoeea i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiey), a eioi?uo ooaeiaeanoaaiiia ecia?aaeaiea
i?aaenoaaeyaony aeene?aoiui, i?e yoii aeene?aoiinoe i?ioeaiiinoaaeai
iiethn oieaa?naeueiinoe, oeaeinoiinoe e iaaeaeeiinoe. Eaaeaeiio neo/ath
i?enoua naiy eiiiioaoeey – niaieoiiue ?eoi?e/aneee ieai iaicia/athuaai e
ieai eaeaieiae/aneee icaiia/aaiiai. Aeaaiuie eieanneoeeaoi?aie
aunooiatho i?eciae, eiaeaen e neaieoeeaoeey (ooieoeey ia?acia –
eiaeaenaeueiay).

A o?aoueae nenoaia ia aaoiiiieth i?aoaiaeotho noeeecaoeee e nth??aaeeci.
Cia/aiea e niaea?aeaoaeueiinoue noeeecaoeee ii?aaeaeythony caaea/aie
aoi?e/iiai eniieueciaaiey ociaaaaiuo ooaeiaeanoaaiiuo oi?i, oaea
ano?a/aa-oeony ?aiaa, eee niciaoaeueiiai oi?iuaiey ?aaeueiinoe a
i?aaeaeao oaea i?i?aaioaiiuo noeeaauo i?eaiia e iaoiaeia. A oaeie noaia
iiae/a?eeaathony iniaaiiinoe aini?iecaaaeaiey n iiiiuueth “ianoiiai”
eiei?eoa, ia?iaeiiai ycuea, niiinoaaeythony eeanne/aneea nthaeaou e eo
nia?aiaiiua eioa?i?aoaoeee. Yooaeo nth??aaeecia iniiauaaaony ia
“aaoiiaoe/aneii ienueia” (ecriture automatique), oeene?othuai
aanniciaoaeueiua au?aaeaiey aeooa (niiaeaeaiee, aaeethoeeiaoeee,
ienoe/aneea ia?aaeeaaiey e o.ae). Ooaeiaeanoaaiiue ie? oaeeo
i?iecaaaeaiee iieiinoueth eeoaaony ?aoa?aioiinoe e i?aia?acoaony a ciae.
Ooieoeey ia?acia a aeaiiii neo/aa ia?aoa?aioiay (eee a?aeo?aeueiay).
Ciaeiaie iiycee i?enoua neioeueoaiiinoue e iai?a?uaiinoue ieaia
au?aaeaiey (a ia niaea?aeaiey), /oi ca/anooth inouanoaeyaony ia
oiie/aneii e a?aoe/aneii o?iaiyo; aeaaiuie naieioe/aneeie
eeanneoeeaoi?aie noaiiayony a?aeo?aeueiinoue, eiiaaioeey e
neiaiee/aneee ciae.

In the thesis the problems of evolution of art semantics of
modern historical-literary process, the nature and change of style
models are considered. On the material of Ukrainian emigration lyrics
of 1945-1990 the embodiment of concepts of art thinking (spiritual and
ethnic archetype, the phenomenon of semiosis and its main components)
is traced. The author uses ideas of linguistics, semiotics, theory of
ethnos, for the first time enters in use materials of Warsaw archives of
Dmytro Dontsov, New Acts, the Mickiewicz Museum of Literature, and
also archives of the Taras Shevchenko Institute of Literature, National
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the Ministry for Internal Affairs, the
Department of States Secrets.

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