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IINOEOOO I*IEO OAI?IA I OEAIEIII? OA?AII?
II. A.I.OIEAOIAA
NEIAIAessIEE
Na?oeaia Ai?en?aia
OAeE 617.751.6-085.84-0.72
E?EOAAEUeI?E AIEEA OINOAI-AEAEO?INOEIOEssOe?? IA OOIEOe?IIAEUeIEE
NOAI CI?IAIAI AIAE?CAOI?A ? ?AA?IIA?IEE E?IAIIA?A IICEO ? I*AE O
OAI?EO IA AIAE?II?TH
14.01.18 – I/i oai?iae
AAOI?AOA?AO
aeena?oaoe ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa iaaee/ieo iaoe
IAeANA – 1999
Aeena?oaoe?th ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia a inoeooo i/ieo oai?ia oeaieiii oa?ai
i. A.I.Oeaoiaa AII Oe?aie.
Iaoeiaee ea?aiee: aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Iiiiia?/oe
Aaea?e Naiaiiae/, Iinoeooo i/ieo oai?ia ? oeaieiii? oa?ai?? i.
A.I.Oeaoiaa, ea?aiee ooieoeiiaeueii – ae?aaiinoe/iiai iooaeueiioeaio?o
Iooeei iiiiaioe: aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee
Na?aeth/aiei A??a ?aai?aia, ?inoeooo i/ieo oai?ia ? oeaieiii? oa?ai??
?i. A.I. O?eaoiaa, ea??aiee eaai?aoi??? ?iceaae?a a?iieoey?iiai ci?o ?
ooieoe?iiaeueieo iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiiy
aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe i?ioani? Aacae?oei Iaaei Aiae??eiae/,
Oa?e?anueeee ?inoeooo oaeineiiaeaiiy e?ea??a, i. Oa?e?a, caa?aeoaa/
eaoaae?e i/ieo oai?ia
I?iaaeia onoaiiaa: Aei?i?iiao?ianueea aea?aeaaia iaaee/ia aeaaeai?y,
eaoaae?a i/ieo oai?ia, IIC Oe?a?ie, i. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee
Caoeno aaeaoaeaoueny 17 /a?aiy 1999 ?. i 10 aiaeei? ia canaeaii?
niaoeaeciaaii a/aii ?aaee Ae 41.556.01 a ?inoeooo i/ieo oai?ia oeaieiii
oa?ai i. A.I.Oeaoiaa AII Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith: 270061, Iaeana-61,
O?aioeocueeee aoeueaa?, 49/51.
C aeena?oaoeth iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o aaeioaoe inoeoooo i/ieo oai?ia
oeaieiii oa?ai i. A.I.Oeaoiaa (270061, Iaeana-61, O?aioeocueeee
aoeueaa?, 49/51).
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?icneaiee “ 17” o?aaiy 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoeaeciaaii a/aii ?aaee,
aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe,
noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee Aia?iaa I.O.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Aiae?ii?y caeeoa?oueny aeooaeueiith i?iaeaiith
iooaeueiieia??, ui coiiaeaii ?? cia/iith ?iciianthaeaeai?noth – a?ae 2%
aei 6% a no?oeoo?? an??? iooaeueiiiaoieia??, c yeeo a?ey 80% i?eiaaea?
ia ?aii?e aeeoy/ee a?e ? a o?aoei? an?o aeiaaee?a ? i?e/eiith
neaaeici?ino? o ae?oae (Aaaoenia A.N. 1968, Eiaaeaanueeee A.?., Hess,
1982, Von Noorden G.K, 1990 ).
Ca?aeii c o?aaeeoe?eieie iiaeyaeaie aiae?ii?y iia’ycaia c? no?eeei
oi?iiciei i?ioeanii a ae?eyioe? ci?iai? ei?e aieiaiiai iiceo, yea
i?aaenoaaey? oeaio?aeueio yieo n?oe?aee (I?eueiai I. ?., 1959,
Aeia?iieneia A.I. 1962, Aaaoenia A.N., 1964, Duke-Elder, 1972). Naia oea
aecia/eei aeei?enoaiiy oeaio?aeueii? aino?ioe ci?o, cieaeaiiy yei? ?
aieiaiith oa?aeoa?iith iciaeith aiae?ii??, iaeiei c aieiaieo e?eoa???a
ioe?iee nooiaiy oyaeeino? aiae?ii??, a oaeiae aoaeoeaiino? ethaiai
iaoiaeo ?? e?eoaaiiy. Iaeiae, ine?eueee aiae?ii?y ? iaoieia??th
?aiiueiai ?icaeoeo ci?iaiai aiae?caoi?a, a a noaiiaeaii? ci?iaiai
aiae?caoi?a ye oe?eiai i?eeiathoue o/anoue e ?io? ci?ia? ooieoe?? ?
o?c?ieia?/i? i?ioeane, oae? ye eie??ia, na?oeiaa, aeaeo?e/ia
/ooeea?noue, oea aeaei i?aenoaao i?eionoeoe, ui i?e aiae?ii?? aiie
iiaeii? iaoe iaai? ii?ooaiiy ? aeayeei /eiii aooe iia’ycai? c
ii?ooaiiyie oeaio?aeueiiai ci?o. A inoaii? ?iee oe? i?eiouaiiy ciaeoee
nai? i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiy a ?iaioao aeayeeo aaoi??a (Eethea ?.A., 1972,
Eoe??aa C.O., 1974, Oaeai?i TH.?.,1985, Cene?ia I.I. 1989, Campos, 1989,
von Noorden, 1990, Aie/oe ?.I., 1994, 1998).
Oaeei /eiii, c iaeiiai aieo a?aeiii, ui ii?ooaiiy ci?iaeo ooieoe?e i?e
aiae?ii?? ia iaiaaeothoueny cieaeaiiyi aeeeth/ii oeaio?aeueiiai ci?o, a
caeo/athoue aei iaoieia?/iiai i?ioeano ci?iaee aiae?caoi? a oe?eiio. C
?ioiai aieo, oe? ii?ooaiiy aeoaea ??aeei i?eeiathoueny aei oaaae i?e
ioe?ioe? aoaeoeaiino? oiai /e ?ioiai iaoiaeo e?eoaaiiy aiae?ii??.
Ua a 60-o? ?iee Aaaoenia A.N. i?eionoea, ui a iniia? ooieoe?iiaeueieo
ii?ooaiue i?e aiae?ii?? eaaeaoue a?aeiia?aei? ci?ie iai?iieo i?ioean?a a
ci?ia?e ei??. A inoaii? ?iee oae? ii?ooaiiy iaoaaie?cio a ci?iaeo
oeaio?ao ei?e iiceo aoee aeyaeai?, ye? noi?iaiaeaeoaaeenue cia/iei
cieaeaiiyi eieaeueiiai e?iaiia?ao iiceo a oeueiio ?aa?ii? (Demer J.L.,
von Noorden G.K., 1988; 1993; Imamura K., 1997).
Aeine?aeaeaiith e?iaiia?ao i/ae i?e aiae?ii?? i?enay/aii eeoa aeae?eueea
?ia?o, oae ye c oi/ee ci?o a?eueoino? aeine?aeiee?a iniiai? ii?ooaiiy
i?e aeai?e iaoieia?? a?aecia/athoueny c aieo aeui? eaiee ci?iaiai
aiae?caoi?a – iiceo, a ci?ie c aieo i/iiai yaeoea ae?aaeai? iaei.
Iaeiae, aeayeei aaoi?ai (Aaeeaacaeiaa-Iie/a?aa E.A. c ni?aaao., 1989,
1993, Na?a??iei I.I 1997, 1998) aaeaeiny iieacaoe iayai?noue ii?ooaiue
eieaeueiiai e?iaiiinoa/aiiy i/ae, cie?aia oeee?a?iiai o?ea, o oai?eo ia
aiae?ii?th ? a?ia?iao?ii?th.
Ana oea aecia/a? aaaeeea?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy eieaeueii? aaiiaeeiai?ee
iiceo ? i/ae o aea/aii? iaoiaaiaoe/ieo iaoai?ci?a aiae?ii??. Iaeiae ia
aeaiee /an iiae?ai? ?iaioe ? iiiaeeiieeie ? ia ?ice?eaathoue a iiai?e
i??? ca’yceo ii?ooaiue ci?iaeo ooieoe?e i?e aiae?ii?? c? noaiii
?aa?iia?iiai e?iaiia?ao iea oa iiceo. E??i oeueiai, acaaae? a?aenooi?
aeine?aeaeaiiy ii aeyaeaiith aieeao ia iieacieee aaiiaeeiai?ee oiai /e
?ioiai iaoiaeo e?eoaaiiy aiae?ii??.
Iniiai? no/ani? ieaiioe/i? iaoiaee e?eoaaiiy aiae?ii?? caniiaai? ia
i?eioeei? ieethc?? aaaeo/iai iea c o?aioaaiiyi ci?iai? nenoaie ca
aeiiiiiaith aaeaeaaoieo ?e iiae?aciee?a – noeioeyoe?? n?oe?aee na?oeii,
eaca?iei aei?ii?iaiiyi, ??cieie aeaeaie no?oeoo?ieo noeioe?a aai ?o
niieo/aiiyi, a oaeiae aeei?enoaiiyi a eiiieaeniiio e?eoaaii?
iaai?oinoeioeyoe??, ?aoeaenioa?ai??, o?aioaaiiy aeiiiaeaoe?? (Cuppers,
1956, Aaaoenia A.N., 1964, Campbell, 1978, Naiye?ia A.N., 1998,
?icaiaa?a A.A., 1984, 1998, Na?aeth/aiei A.?., 1998).
A iniia? cai?iiiiiaaiiai aeey e?eoaaiiy aiae?ii?? iaoiaeo
aeaeo?inoeioeyoe?? (AN) eaaeeoue aieea ia i?ia?aeieeia? oeyoe ci?iaiai
aiae?caoi?a (CA) ?iioeueniiai aeaeo?e/iiai no?oio – iiae?acieea,
iaaaeaeaaoiiai aeey CA, aea oi?aa?naeueiiai aeey an??? ia?aiai? nenoaie.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy aoaeoeaiino? iaoiaeo AN aeyaeee eiai iiceoeaiee aieea ia
ci?ia? ooieoe?? o 50-80% oai?eo ia /anoeiao ao?io?th ci?iaiai ia?ao
(Aaoo??aaa I.I., 1983, Oaiaeo??ia A.I., 1983, Eiiiai??oeue ?.A.,
1985-1992, Oaaei?ia N.I., 1993, Iiiiia?/oe A.N., 1995-1998). A na?aae
aaaaoueio iaoai?ci?a, ye? eaaeaoue a iniia? iie?auaiiy ci?iaeo ooieoe?e
i?e aeaiiio iaoiae? e?eoaaiiy, aeaye? aaoi?e i?eioneathoue nooo?ao ?ieue
iie?auaiiy eieaeueii? aaiiaeeiai?ee iiceo oa iea, ui ciaeoei nai?
i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiy o ei?ioeici?eo (Iiiiia?/oe A.N., 1997).
A?aeiiino? i?i canoinoaaiiy iaoiaeo /a?acoe??ii? aeaeo?inoeioeyoe?? aeey
e?eoaaiiy aiae?ii?? iaaaaaoi/eneai?. Aooaeoeai?noue cai?iiiiiaaii?
iaoiaeeee aeyaeeany aenieith (a?ae 30% aei 80%) (Aoaae??iaa A.AE.,
1994, Oaoeaiei ?.A. 1992, E?theianueeeo I.I. 1993, Ieoaeeiaa E.A.,
1994), ioe?ithaaeany aiia aeeeth/ii ca aaee/eiith ci?ie aino?ioe ci?o ?
aac ii??aiyeueiiai aiae?co ?? aoaeoeaiino? i?e ??cieo aeaeao aiae?ii??.
Aeaoaeueia eiiieaenia aea/aiiy aieeao aeaeo?e/ii? noeioeyoe?? ia noai
?ioeo ci?iaeo ooieoe?e o oai?eo ia aiae?ii?th ??cieo aeae?a aei oeeo i??
oaeiae ia i?iaiaeeeiny, ui ae/a?iii ia ?ice?eaa? iaoiaaiaoe/i? iaoai?cie
aeaeo?inoeioeyoe?? i?e aeai?e iaoieia??. Caeeoa?oueny iiee ui ia
aea/aiei ci?ia noaio ?aa?iia?ii? aaiiaeeiai?ee iiceo ? iea o oai?eo ia
aiae?ii?th i?ae aieeaii iecueei?ioaineaiiai aeaeo?e/iiai no?oio. Ia
i?iaaaeaii ioe?ieo aoaeoeaiino? aeaeo?inoeioeyoe?? o oai?eo ia
aiae?ii?th a caeaaeiino? a?ae aeo?aeieo iieaci?e?a ci?iaeo ooieoe?e ?
?aa?iia?ii? aaiiaeeiai?ee iiceo oa iea. Ana oea coiiaeei aeooaeuei?noue
? iaiao?aei?noue i?iaaaeaiiy oeueiai aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aeaia ?iaioa ?
o?aaiaioii eiiieaenieo oai ?inoeoooo i/ieo oai?ia ? oeaieiii? oa?ai??
?i. A.I.O?eaoiaa: 1) “?ic?iaeoe iia? niiniae oa i?eno??e aeey e?eoaaiiy
aiae?ii?? ia iniia? iaeneiaeueiiai iaaeeaeaiiy no?oeoo?e noeioethth/iai
iiey aei ??ciiiai?oieo ooieoe?e ci?iai-ia?aiaiai eaiaeo” (1997-1999 ??.)
(? aea?ae. ?a?no?aoe?? 0197U001311); 2) “?ic?iaeoe iaoiaeeeo
eiii’thoa?ii? ioi?eia?ao?? aeey ae?aaiinoeee ?iceaae?a aaaaoaoeaii?
?ia?aaoe?? aeiiiaeaoe?eii-eiiaa?aaioii-c?ie/ii? nenoaie” (1997-1999 ??.)
(? aea?ae. ?a?no?aoe?? 0197U001309).
Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy: ia i?aenoaa?
eiiieaeniiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ooieoe?iiaeueiiai noaio ci?iaiai aiae?caoi?a
? ?aa?iia?iiai e?iaiia?ao iiceo oa i/ae anoaiiaeoe e?eoaaeueio
cia/ou?noue oinoai- aeaeo?inoeioeyoe?? o oai?eo ia aiae?ii?th.
Aeey aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe iaiao?aeii ae??oeoe ianooii? caaea/?:
1. Aea/eoe ooieoe?iiaeueiee noai ci?iaiai aiae?caoi?a (?ic??ciyeueio
ni?iiiaei?noue, na?oeiao, eie??io, aeaeo?e/io /ooeea?noue ?
eaa?euei?noue) ? ?aa?iia?iee e?iaiia?a iiceo oa iea o oai?eo ia
?ao?aeoe?eio, ai?ciiao?ii?/io ? aeena?iieoey?io aiae?ii?th.
2. Aecia/eoe ci?ie ooieoe?iiaeueiiai noaio ci?iaiai aiae?caoi?a i?ae
aieeaii oinoai-aeaeo?inoeioeyoe?? o oai?eo ia ?ao?aeoe?eio,
ai?ciiao?ii?/io ? aeena?iieoey?io aiae?ii?th.
3. Aea/eoe aieea oinoai-aeaeo?inoeioeyoe?? ia ?aa?iia?iee e?iaiia?a
iiceo ? i/ae o oai?eo ia aiae?ii?th.
4. Ia i?aenoaa? i?iaaaeaiiy ei?aeyoe?eiiai aiae?co aecia/eoe iniaeeaino?
aca?iica’yceo i?ae ooieoe?yie ci?iaiai aiae?caoi?a, ?aa?iia?ii?
aaiiaeeiai?ee iiceo ? iea o oai?eo ia aiae?ii?th, oa anoaiiaeoe ?o
cia/ou?noue aeey ?acoeueoao?a e?eoaaiiy iaoiaeii
oinoai-aeaeo?inoeioeyoe??.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a. O oai?eo ia aiae?ii?th aia?oa
aeyaeaii i?yi? ei?aeyoe?ei? ca’ycee i?ae aino?ioith ci?o (nooiaiai
aiae?ii??) ? iacii?/iith aino?ioith ci?o, aeoeai?noth
oiaaa-ei?oeeaeueii? aoa?aioii? nenoaie ca ii?iaii aeieeiaiiy oaiiiaio
Aaeaeeiaa?a, eie??iith /ooeea?noth aei caeaiiai ? neiueiai eieuei??a, a
oaeiae ??aiai e?iaiiaiiaiaiiy noaeei aieiaiiai iiceo a aanaei?
aa?oaa?i-aaceey?ieo a?oa??e.
Aia?oa aeyaeaii ii?ooaiiy ?aa?iia?ii? aaiiaeeiai?ee iiceo o oai?eo ia
aiae?ii?th – cieaeaiiy ??aiy e?iaiiaiiaiaiiy noaeei, i?aeaeuaiiy
noaeeiiiai oiiono, aieiaiei /eiii a nenoai? aa?oaa?i-aaceey?ieo a?oa??e,
ye? iaea?eueo ae?aaeai? i?e aiae?ii?? aenieiai nooiaiy. Anoaiiaeaii
a?eueoo ae?aaeai?noue ii?ooaiue ?aa?iia?ii? aaiiaeeiai?ee i/ae i?e
aiae?ii?? aenieiai nooiaiy ? i?ii?/i?e ?ao?aeoe??.
Aia?oa anoaiiaeaii iiceoeaiee aieea oinoai- aeaeo?inoeioeyoe?? (OAN) ia
ooieoe?iiaeueiee noai ci?iaiai aiae?caoi?a (?ic??ciyeueio
ni?iiiaei?noue, na?oeiao, eie??io, aeaeo?e/io /ooeea?noue ?
eaa?euei?noue, aeoeai?noue oiaaa-ei?oeeaeueiiai aoa?aioiiai oeyoo)
aiae?ii?/ieo i/ae, a oaeiae ia?ieo iaaiae?ii?/ieo i/ae i?e iiiieoey?i?e
aiae?ii??.
Aia?oa aeyaeaii iiceoeaiee aieea iaeii?aciaiai eo?no OAN ia ?aa?iia?io
aaiiaeeiai?eo iiceo, ui a?aeia?aceeiny a c?inoaii? e?iaiiaiiaiaiiy
noaeei, iie?auaii? ?o aeanoioii?/ieo aeanoeainoae ? aaiiciiai a?aeoieo
aieiaiei /eiii a aanaei? aa?oaa?i-aaceey?ieo a?oa??e. Anoaiiaeaii
ii?iae?coth/ee aieea OAN ia ?aa?iia?io aaiiaeeiai?eo iea.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Aeyaeai? ii?ooaiiy ci?iaeo
ooieoe?e ia aiae?ii?/ieo ? ia?ieo iaaiae?ii?/ieo i/ao (iacii?/ia
aino?ioa ci?o, na?oeiaa, eie??ia, aeaeo?e/ia /ooeea?noue ?
eaa?euei?noue, ii??a aeieeiaiiy oaiiiaio Aaeaeeiaa?a), a oaeiae
ii?ooaiiy ?aa?iia?ii? aaiiaeeiai?ee iiceo ? i/ae aeathoue i?aenoaae aeey
?o aeine?aeaeaiiy o oai?eo ia aiae?ii?th a yeino? aeiaeaoeiaeo
ae?aaiino?/ieo oano?a aeey eiio?ieth aeeiai?ee i?ioeano e?eoaaiiy.
Aia?oa onoaiiaeaii iie?auaiiy aino?ioe ci?o i?ney iaeii?aciaiai eo?no
OAN o 88.0% – 84.6% oai?eo ia ?ao?aeoe?eio oa ai?ciiao?ii?/io aiae?ii?th
c a?ia?iao?ii?/iith ?ao?aeoe??th, aeena?iieoey?io c oeaio?aeueiith
o?enaoe??th; a 73.1% aeiaaee?a – i?e aenoeaio?e/i?e o?enaoe?? ? a 48.1%
i?e ai?ciiao?ii?/i?e aiae?ii?? c i?ii??th. A 56% aeiaaee?a a?aecia/aii
iie?auaiiy aino?ioe ci?o ia?iiai iaaiae?ii?/iiai iea.
Aia?oa aeyaeaii iie?auaiiy ci?iaeo ooieoe?e (na?oeiai?, eie??ii?,
aeaeo?e/ii? /ooeeaino? ? eaa?eueiino?, aeoeaiino? oiaaa-ei?oeeaeueiiai
aoa?aioiiai oeyoo) i?ae aieeaii oinoai-aeaeo?inoeioeyoe?? ia
aiae?ii?/ieo ? ia?ieo iaaiae?ii?/ieo i/ao, a oaeiae ii?iae?caoe?th
iieaciee?a ?aa?iia?ii? aaiiaeeiai?ee iiceo ? i/ae o oai?eo ia
aiae?ii?th. Aecia/aii no?ee?noue ?acoeueoao?a e?eoaaiiy ia i?ioyc?
o?eaaeiai ia??iaeo niinoa?aaeaiiy – 6-8 i?nyoe?a, a oaeiae aeyaeaii
iiceoeaiee aieea ia ci?ia? ooieoe?? iiaoi?iiai eo?no OAN.
Aeyaeaii iaaaoeaiee aieea i?ii?/ii? ?ao?aeoe?? ? aenoeaio?e/ii?
o?enaoe?? aiae?ii?/ieo i/ae ia ?acoeueoaoe e?eoaaiiy aiae?ii?? iaoiaeii
OAN. Onoaiiaeaii i?yio caeaaei?noue iie?auaiiy aino?ioe ci?o i?ney OAN
a?ae aeo?aeiiai ??aiy eieai/eiai? na?oeiai? /ooeeaino?, aeoeaiino?
oiaaa-ei?oeeaeueiiai aoa?aioiiai oeyoo, eie??ii? /ooeeaino? aei neiueiai
eieuei?o.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Ooieoe?iiaeueii-ae?aaiinoe/i?
aeine?aeaeaiiy noaio ci?iaiai aiae?caoi?a ? ?aa?iia?ii? aaiiaeeiai?ee
iiceo oa i/ae o oai?eo ia ?ao?aeoe?eio, ai?ciiao?ii?/io oa
aeena?iieoey?io aiae?ii?th i?iaaaeaii ia aac? eaai?aoi???
ooieoe?iiaeueieo iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiiy i?aaio ci?o ?inoeoooo i/ieo
oai?ia ? oeaieiii? oa?ai?? ?i. A.I.O?eaoiaa AII Oe?a?ie. I?ei??oaoia
?aeay aeei?enoaiiy iaoiaeo oinoai-aeaeo?inoeioeyoe?? aeey e?eoaaiiy
aiae?ii?? iaeaaeeoue iaoeiaiio ea??aieeia?, ae.i.i., i?ioani?o
Iiiiia?/oeo A.N. Naiino?eii i?iaaaeaii iooaeueiieia?/ia ianoaaeaiiy,
eiiieaenia ooieoe?iiaeueii-ae?aaiinoe/ia aeine?aeaeaiiy ci?iaeo ooieoe?e
an?o oai?eo, aeine?aeaeaiiy e?iaiia?ao iiceo oa i/ae –
?aiaioeaoaeia?ao?y, ?aiiooaeueiia?ao?y. Ie?ai? ooieoe?iiaeuei?
aeine?aeaeaiiy noaio ci?iaiai aiae?caoi?a i?iaaaeai? ni?eueii ?c
ni?a?ia?oieeaie eaai?aoi??? ooieoe?iiaeueieo iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiiy
i?aaio ci?o. Naiino?eii aeeiiaia ee?i?/ia ioe?iea ?acoeueoao?a,
?ica?oioaaiiy oai?eo ia iniia? io?eiaieo aeaieo, a oaeiae noaoenoe/iee
aiae?c, ee?i?/ia ioe?iea ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy ? oi?ioethaaiiy
aeniiae?a ii aeena?oaoe??.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe?. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe??
aeieeaaeaii ia O c’?cae? Oe?a?inueeeo iooaeueiieia?a, Iaeana (1996), O
I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? iooaeueiieia?a Iaeana-Aaioy, Iaeana (1997),
O? eiia?an? ?a?iiaenueeiai oiaa?enoaa iooaeueiieia?a, Aoaeaiaoo (1997),
Iaoe?iiaeuei?e eiioa?aioe?? Aieaa?nueeiai oiaa?enoaa iooaeueiieia?a ca
i?aeia?iaeiith o/anoth, Nio?y (1997), Iaeanueeiai iaeaniiai oiaa?enoaa
iooaeueiieia?a, Iaeana, (1998), OO??? I?aeia?iaeiiio eiia?an?
iooaeueiieia?a, Ainoa?aeai (1998), ?a?iiaenueeiio oi?oi? iaoeiaoe?a, ye?
caeiathoueny aeine?aeaeaiiyi ia?aiai? nenoaie, Aa?e?i (1998), ?V
I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? c iooaeueiieia??, Ee?a (1998), V
Iaoe?iiaeuei?e eiioa?aioe?? iooaeueiieia?a ?anioae?ee Iieaeiaa ca
i?aeia?iaeiith o/anoth, Eeoei?a, (1998).
Ioae?eaoe??. Ca oaiith aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 13 ae?oeiaaieo
?ia?o, c ieo 4 noaoo? a oaoiaeo aeo?iaeao ? 1 a oaoiaiio ca??ieeo
iaoeiaeo i?aoeue, 2 – a ca??ieeao (1 – ca ei?aeiiii), 6 – a iaoa??aeao
? oacao eiioa?aioe?e.
Ianya ? no?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y iaienaia ?in?enueeith
iiaith, aeeeaaeaia ia 238 noi??ieao eiii’thoa?iiai oaenoo. Neeaaea?oueny
?c anooio, 6 ?icae?e?a, caeeth/aiiy, aeniiae?a oa nieneo aeei?enoaieo
e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae. ?ethno?iaaia 39 oaaeeoeyie ? 53 iaethieaie, ye?
caeiathoue 64 noi??iee. Nienie aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae i?noeoue 246
iaeiaioaaiue ? ?ici?uo?oueny ia 24 noi??ieao.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
Eiiieaenia ooieoe?iiaeueii-ae?aaiino?/ia aeine?aeaeaiiy ? e?eoaaiiy aoei
i?iaaaeaii o 176 oai?eo (229 i/ae) c aiae?ii??th ??ci?o nooiai?a, ye? a
caeaaeiino? a?ae aeaeo aiae?ii?? aoee ?icae?eai? ia 3 a?oie ca?aeii
ee?i?/ii? eeaneo?eaoe?? Aaaoeniaa A.N. (1968): 1 a?oia – oai?? c
?ao?aeoe?eiith ?ciaiao?ii?/iith aiae?ii??th – 53 iniae (106 i/ae); 2
a?oia – iaoe??ioe c ai?ciiao?ii?/iith iiiieoey?iith aiae?ii??th – 67
in?a (67 i/ae); 3 a?oia – oai?? ia aeena?iieoey?io iiiieoey?io
aiae?ii?th – 56 in?a (56 i/ae). Aeine?aeaeaiiy noaio ci?iaeo ooieoe?e
aoei oaeiae i?iaaaeaii ia 123 ia?ieo iaaiae?ii?/ieo i/ao o oai?eo ia
iiiieoey?io aiae?ii?th. Na?aaei?e a?e oai?eo a oe?eiio neeaa 9.40.13
?ie?a c i?i?i?aeueiei 6 ?ie?a ? iaeneiaeueiei 15 ?ie?a.
A yeino? a?oie eiio?ieth aoei ianoaaeaii 26 caei?iaeo ae?oae a?eii a?ae
7 aei 15 ?ie?a (n?aaei?e a?e – 10.50.5 ?ie?a) c aino?ioith ci?o iaio
i/ae aeua 0.9.
Ca noaiii ?ao?aeoe?? aiae?ii?/ieo i/ae a 85.1% aeiaaee?a aecia/eee
a?ia?iao?ii?th ? a?ia?iao?ii?/iee anoeaiaoeci, a 14.9% aeiaaee?a –
i?ii?th, i?ii?/iee ? ci?oai?e anoeaiaoeci. O?enaoe?y aiae?ii?/iiai iea
i?e ?ao?aeoe?ei?e ? ai?ciiao?ii?/i?e aiae?ii?? a 100% aeiaaee?a aoea
oeaio?aeueiith, i?e aeena?iieoey?i?e – a 55.4% a?aecia/aii oeaio?aeueio
o?enaoe?th ? a 44.6% aeiaaee?a – aenoeaio?e/io. A?iieoey?iee c?? ca
eieuei?i-oanoii aecia/aany a 60.2% aeiaaee?a (106 oai?eo), a ?aoo?
aeiaaee?a (39.8%) oa?aeoa? ci?o aoa iiiieoey?iei aai iaeii/aniei.
?c an?o oai?eo 107 in?a (60.8%) ?ai?oa aaea e?eoaaeeny o?aaeeoe?eieie
iaoiaeaie e?eoaaiiy (cana?oe ii Ethiia?no, caeiyooy ia aiae?io?aia??,
oanoa??, EAI- noeioeyoe?y), a inoaii?o 39.2% aeiaaee?a iaoe??ioe aei OAN
yeiai-iaaoaeue ?ioiai e?eoaaiiy ia io?eioaaee.
An?i oai?ei e??i cae/aeiiai iooaeueiieia?/iiai ianoaaeaiiy aoee
i?iaaaeai? aeiaeaoeia? aeine?aeaeaiiy ooieoe?iiaeueiiai noaio ci?iaiai
aiae?caoi?a, a oaeiae ?aa?iia?ii? aaiiaeeiai?ee iiceo oa i/ae. Eiiieaen
aeiaeaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue neeaaeaany c noaiaea?oieo iaoiaeee
aecia/aiiy: 1) aino?ioe ci?o a iacii?/ieo oiiaao ina?oeaiiy ia
aaeaioiiao?? A?I; 2) aeoeaiino? oiaaa-ei?oeeaeueii? aoa?aioii? nenoaie
ca ii?iaii aeieeiaiiy oaiiiaio Aaeaeeiaa?a ia iaeoeioanoa??
iiey?ecaoe?eiiio; 3) eieai/eiai? oa iaee/eiai? na?oeiai? /ooeeaino? ia
aaeaioiiao?? A?I; 4) aeaeo?e/ii? /ooeeaino? ca oinoaiii ? eaa?eueiino? a
?aaeeiao 3- e?aoiiai (“3”) ? 1.5-e?aoiiai (“1.5”) ca?eueoaiiy ii?iaiai?
neee no?oio ia noeioeyoi?? iooaeueiieia?/iiio ae?aaiinoe/iiio EINI2; 5)
eie??ii? /ooeeaino? ia niaeo?aeueiiio aiiiaeineii? AI59.
?aa?iia?io aaiiaeeiai?eo iiceo aeine?aeaeoaaee ca aeiiiiiaith iaoiaeo
?aiaioeaoaeia?ao?? ia 4-o eaiaeueiiio ?aia?ao? ?4-02 a /ioe?ueio
noaiaea?oieo a?aeaaaeaiiyo, ye? a?aeia?aaeathoue noai e?iaiia?ao a
aanaeiao aioo??oi?o niiieo a?oa??e (ANA) (a?aeaaaeaiiy FT) ?
aa?oaa?i-aaceey?ieo a?oa??e (AAA) (a?aeaaaeaiiy MO). Aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy
e?iaiia?ao iea canoiniaoaaee iaoiae ?aiiooaeueiia?ao?? ca Eaoeiaeueniiii
E.A. (1971).
Aeey e?eoaaiiy aeei?enoiaoaaee ?ic?iaeaiee a ?inoeooo? i/ieo oai?ia ?
oeaieiii? oa?ai?? ?i. A.I.O?eaoiaa ni?eueii c IAe? “Ooi?i” e?eoaaeueiee
iooaeueiieia?/iee aeaeo?inoeioeyoi? “Oinoai”. E?eoaaiiy i?iaiaeeeiny ca
noaiaea?oiith iaoiaeeeith c ?iaeea?aeoaeueiei i?aeai?ii ii?iaiai?
aaee/eie neee no?oio, ui aeeeeea? a?ae/oooy na?o?iiy a ioe?
(oinoai-oaiiiai) ?icae?eueii aeey eiaeiiai iea ? eiaeiiai oai?iai.
*anoioa iiaea/? ia/ie aeaeo?e/ieo ?iioeuen?a neeaaeaea 15-30 Aoe.
Iacaeaaeii a?ae oiai, aoa iaoieia?/iee i?ioean iiiieoey?iei aai
a?iieoey?iei, aieea cae?enithaaany ia iaeaeaa iea iaeii/anii. Eo?n
e?eoaaiiy neeaaeaany c 10 – 15 uiaeaiieo naain?a ii 10 oaeeei eiaeiee.
Eiiieaenia ooieoe?iiaeueii-ae?aaiino?/ia aeine?aeaeaiiy noaio ci?iaiai
aiae?caoi?a o oai?eo ia aiae?ii?th, i?iaaaeaia aei e?eoaaiiy, aeyaeei
cieaeaiiy ci?iaeo ooieoe?e a ii??aiyii? c aiaeia?/ieie iieacieeaie a
eiio?ieuei?e a?oi?. A oe?eiio aeey an?o aiae?ii?/ieo i/ae aoei aeyaeaii
cieaeaiiy iacii?/ii? aino?ioe ci?o a na?aaeiueiio ia 69.18.25%,
aeoeaiino? oiaaa-ei?oeeaeueii? aoa?aioii? nenoaie ia 32.59.1%, na?oeiai?
/ooeeaino? – eieai/eiai? ia 15.71.2%, iaee/eiai? – ia 16.71.4%,
aeaeo?e/ii? /ooeeaino? ia 19.86.3%, eaa?eueiino? (“1.5”) – ia 36.25.5%,
eie??ii? /ooeeaino? ia /a?aii?e eie?? ia 28.93.2%, caeaiee ? nei?e
eieuei?e – ia 889.7% ? 89.412.0% a?aeiia?aeii (p5.0 – c 6.350.12 aei 5.00.29 (ia 22.0%) (p5.0). Iieacaoaeue yeanoioiie/aneeo naienoa ninoaeia /O nieceeny
oieueei a neo/ayo aai enoiaeiuo aaee/ei auoa 30.0%. Iieacaoaee
?aaeiia?iie aaiiaeeiaieee iaaiaeeiie/iuo aeac aei ea/aiey auee a
i?aaeaeao ii?iu e iinea ea/aiey ia eciaiyeenue.
Iaaethaeaiey a aeeiaieea ii?aaeaeeee onoie/eainoue ?acoeueoaoia ea/aiey
ia i?ioyaeaiee 6-8 ianyoeaa.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: aiaeeiiey, oinoai-yeaeo?inoeioeyoeey, c?eoaeueiua
ooieoeee, aaiiaeeiaieea iicaa e aeac.
ANNOTATION
Slobodyanik S.B. The therapeutic influence of the phosphen-electrical
stimulation on the visual functions and local brain and eye hemodynamic
in amblyopia patients. – Manuscript.
Thesis for a candidate’s degree by specialty 14.01.18 – eye diseases. –
The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of AMS of
Ukraine, Odessa, 1999.
In the dissertation the results of use of phosphen electrical
stimulation method (PhES) for the treatment of patients with amblyopia
was studied. On the base of the study of functional state of visual
system and local brain and eye hemodynamic in 179 patients with
refractive, anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia before and after PhES
was determined the relationship between the visual acuity decrease and
another visual functional disturbances (the light, color, electrical
sensitivity and lability). This relationship grounds the expedience of
their examination in amblyopia patients for the dynamic control of
treatment. For the first time was determined the character of brain
hemodynamic disturbances in amblyopia patients. It was shown that PhES
improve the visual function of amblyopic eyes and fellow non-amblyopic
eyes, PhES also improve the brain and eye hemodynamic. It was determined
the stability of treatment results during 6-8 months.
Key-words: amblyopia, phosphen-electrical stimulation, visual functions,
brain and eye hemodynamic.
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