EE?ANUeEEE OI?AA?NEOAO ?iai? OA?ANA OAA*AIEA
OAeE 669.862:541.11
AIEIAAOA Iaoae?y Aaea???aia
OA?AEOA? OACIAEO ??AIIAAA OA OA?IIAeEIAI?*I? AEANOEAINO? NIEAA?A
IIO??EIEO NENOAI
Gd – Al – Ga, Gd – Ge – Ga ? Gd – Si – Ga
02.00.04 – o?ce/ia o?i?y
A a o i ? a o a ? a o
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa o?i?/ieo iaoe
Ee?a – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia a Ee?anueeiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? o?i?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? A?eiai?iaeiaa
Ieaia A?nai??aia, Ee?anueeee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea, eaoaae?a
o?ce/ii? o?i??.
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? o?i?/ieo iaoe, noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee
Oo?eaae/ Aieiaeeie? C?iia?eiae/, ?inoeooo iaaeoaa?aeeo iaoa??ae?a IAI
Oe?a?ie, canooiiee aee?aeoi?a c iaoeiai? ?iaioe.
eaiaeeaeao o?i?/ieo iaoe ?aaiia Ieoaeei ?ai?aae/, ?inoeooo i?iaeai
iaoa??aeiciaanoaa ?iai?
?.I. O?aioeaae/a IAI Oe?a?ie, noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee a?aeae?eo
o?ce/ii? o?i?? iai?aai?/ieo iaoa??ae?a.
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Euea?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? ?aaia
O?aiea,
i. Euea?a
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “19” ea?oiy 1999 ?. i 14.00 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.001.03 Ee?anueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo
?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea ca aae?anith: 252033, i. Ee?a, aoe.
Aieiaeeie?nueea, 64, o?i?/iee oaeoeueoao, Aaeeea o?i?/ia aoaeeoi??y.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Ee?anueeiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea, i. Ee?a, aoe. Aieiaeeie?nueea, 58.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “16” aa?aciy 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ieaenaiei E.I.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. ?icaeoie aaaaoueio aaeocae no/anii? oaoi?ee a
cia/i?e i??? aecia/a?oueny oni?oaie o noai?aii? iiaeo iaoa??ae?a, a oiio
/ene? ? iaoae?/ieo. Caaaeyee iniaeeaei iaai?oiei oa aeaeo?io?ce/iei
aeanoeainoyi ia?niaeoeaiei aeaea?aeii oaeeo iaoa??ae?a i?iaeiaaeothoue
caeeoaoenue ??aee?niicaiaeuei? iaoaee (?CI) oa nieaae ia ?o iniia?. Aei
iaea?eueo aaaeeeaeo aaeocae canoinoaaiiy ?CI oa ?oi?o nieaa?a
a?aeiinyoueny aoiiia oaoi?ea, aeaeo?ii?ea, ?aae?ioaoi?ea oa
?aae?iaeaeo?ii?ea, iaoaeo?a?eia ? o?i?/ia i?iieneiaino?. Oiio neioac oa
anaa?/ia aea/aiiy a?ia?ieo oa aaaaoieiiiiiaioieo nieaa?a ?CI ?
aeooaeueiei.
Oai?aoe/io iniiao noai?aiiy iiaeo iaoae?/ieo iaoa??ae?a noaiiaeyoue
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy oaciaeo ??aiiaaa, oa?iiaeeiai?/ieo
aeanoeainoae ? no?oeoo?ieo oa?aeoa?enoee nieaa?a a oe?ieiio ?ioa?aae?
oaiia?aoo? ? eiioeaio?aoe?e, aeeth/ath/e ??aeeo oaco. Ia aeaiee /an
aeineoue iiaii aea/ai? ae?aa?aie noaio, e?enoae?/ia no?oeoo?a
?ioa?iaoae?/ieo niieoe ? oa?iiaeeiai?/i? aeanoeaino? iiaea?eieo nenoai
?CI c ?-iaoaeaie. Iio??ei? nenoaie, ui i?noyoue ?CI ? aeaa ?-iaoaee, ia
aeaiee /an aeine?aeaeai? cia/ii iaioa. Aea/aiiy o?ceei-o?i?/ieo
aeanoeainoae oaeeo nenoai aeioe?eueii i?iaiaeeoe o ca’yceo c ?ic?iaeith
iaoeiaeo iniia noai?aiiy nieaa?a, ui iiaeooue canoiniaoaaoenue ye iia?
iaoa??aee.
A ca’yceo c oeei iaoith aeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ?: anoaiiaeaiiy
oa?aeoa?o oaciaeo ??aiiaaa a iio??eieo nenoaiao Gd-Al-Ga, Gd-Ge-Ga oa
Gd-Si-Ga; aeine?aeaeaiiy oa?iiaeeiai?/ieo aeanoeainoae ?icieaa?a oeeo
nenoai; anoaiiaeaiiy ca’yceo eiioeaio?aoe?eieo caeaaeiinoae
oa?iiaeeiai?/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee c iniaeeainoyie no?oeoo?e nieaa?a
iio??eieo nenoai; aecia/aiiy ei?aeyoe?? i?ae oa?aeoa?ii aca?iiae??
eiiiiiaio?a o iio??eieo nenoaiao oa a?aeiia?aeieo iiaea?eieo a?aie/ieo
nenoaiao; aeyaeaiiy caeiiii??iinoae nieaaiooai?aiiy a iio??eieo nenoaiao
Gd-Al(Ge,Si)-Ga.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia ?iaioe: aia?oa iaoiaeii ?aioaai?anueeiai oaciaiai
aiae?co aea/aii oaciaee neeaae nieaa?a ? iiaoaeiaaii o?aaiaioe
?cioa?i?/ieo ia?a??c?a ae?aa?ai noaio nenoaie Gd-Ge-Ga (a ?ioa?aae? 20 –
42 ao. % aaaeie?i?th) i?e 673 E ? nenoai Gd-Ge-Ga (aeua 30 ao. % Gd),
Gd-Al-Ga oa Gd-Si-Ga i?e 1073 E; anoaiiaeaii ?nioaaiiy iiaea?eiiai
aa?iai?aea aaaeie?i?th Gd3Ge4; ooi/iaii neeaae niieoee “GdGe2.57“ –
GdGe3, a oaeiae i?aeoaa?aeaeaii ?nioaaiiy aa?iai?ae?a Gd11Ge10 ?
GdGe1,9; aecia/aii a?aieoe? ?nioaaiiy oaa?aeeo ?ic/ei?a ia iniia?
iiaea?eieo niieoe a?aie/ieo a?ia?ieo nenoai Gd-Ga, Gd-Al, Gd-Ge, Gd-Si;
aia?oa a iio??eieo nenoaiao Gd-Al(Ge,Si)-Ga neioaciaaii 11 iio??eieo
niieoe, aeey 6-oe c ieo aecia/aii e?enoaeia?ao?/i? oa?aeoa?enoeee;
i?yiei eaei?eiao?e/iei iaoiaeii aia?oa aei??yii ia?oe?aeuei? aeey
aaaeie?i?th ? ?ic?aoiaaii ?ioaa?aeuei? aioaeuei?? ci?ooaaiiy ?icieaa?a
iio??eieo nenoai Gd-Al(Ge,Si)-Ga; cai?iiiiiaaii iaoiae ioe?iee
?ioaa?aeueieo aioaeuei?e ci?ooaaiiy a iio??eieo nenoaiao o oe?ie?e
iaeano? eiioeaio?aoe?e c aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo ia iniia? oai???
”ioi/aiiai aoiia”.
Iaoeiaa oa i?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue ?iaioe. ?acoeueoaoe, iaea?aeai? a
?iaio?, aeathoue iiaeeea?noue ?icoe?eoe oyaeaiiy uiaei oa?aeoa?o
aca?iiae?? ?CI c aeaiia ?-iaoaeaie. Cia/iee aenia?eiaioaeueiee iaoa??ae
i?i oaciaee neeaae nieaa?a iio??eieo nenoai Gd-Al(Ge,Si)-Ga oa
e?enoae?/io no?oeoo?o iiaea?eieo oa iio??eieo niieoe, ui ooai?ththoueny
a oeeo nenoaiao, a oaeiae i?i oa?iiaeeiai?eo nieaaiooai?aiiy a
aeine?aeaeaieo nenoaiao aoaea aeei?enoaiee a aeia?aeieeiaeo aeaeaiiyo
aeey niaoe?ae?no?a c e?enoaeio?i?? oa iaoa??aeiciaanoaa. Aeai?
i?iaaaeaii? ?iaioe aeicaieythoue aea?aoe neeaae nieaa?a, ?ic?iaeoe
oa?i?/i? ?aaeeie ?oiueiai i?eaiooaaiiy c iaoith ai?iaaoe?? oeeo nieaa?a
ye iiaeo iaoae?/ieo iaoa??ae?a.
Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a aeena?oaoe?? iieyaa? a aiae?c? e?oa?aoo?ieo
aeaieo c aea/aii? i?iaeaie, aaciina?aaei?e o/ano? o aeaioiaeaii? nieaa?a
oa i?iaaaeaii? ?aioaai?anueeiai aeine?aeaeaiiy, a aenia?eiaioaeuei?e
?iaio? ii aeine?aeaeaiith oa?iiaeeiai?ee aca?iiae?? eiiiiiaio?a oa
ia/eneaii? aioaeuei?e ci?ooaaiiy aeine?aeaeaieo iio??eieo nenoai, a
aiae?c? oa ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a, a iaienaii? iaoeiaeo
i?aoeue oa i?aeaioiaee ?o aeey ioae?eaoe??, aaeaioaoe?? ?ic?aooieiaeo
i?ia?ai ca oai???th ”ioi/aiiai aoiia” aei ia’?eo?a aeaiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy, i?iaaaeai? a aeai?e ?iaio?, cae?eniaii a iaaeao
iaoeiai-aeine?aeieoeueei? oaiaoeee eaoaae?e o?ce/ii? o?i?? ? IAeIOe
“O?ceea, iaoai?ea oa oaoiieia?? iaiaeii??aeieo nenoai” (aea?ae./athaeae.
oaia ? 599 “Aea/aiiy aca?iiae?? ?CI c aae??i ? A-iaoaeaie 3-5 a?oi
Ia??iaee/ii? nenoaie c iaoith iiooeo iiaeo iaoa??ae?a”).
Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe i?aaenoaaeai? ?
iaaiai?ai? ia V I?aeia?iaei?e oeie? “Oacia? ae?aa?aie a
iaoa??aeiciaanoa?” (Eaoeaaae?, E?ei, 23-29 aa?aniy 1996), ia
Eiioa?aioe?? aeeeaaea/?a o?i?/iiai oaeoeueoaoo EO (Ee?a, 1997), ia
I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? “Aaoaeoeea IV” (Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, 24-26
/a?aiy 1997), ia Ae?oa?e i?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? “Eiino?oeoe?ei? oa
ooieoe?iiaeuei? iaoa??aee. EOI’97” (Euea?a, 14-16 aeiaoiy 1997), ia XI
Iaoeiaiio nai?ia?? “Ooaiieaaeea niaaeeiaiey. Iieo/aiea, naienoaa,
i?eiaiaiea”, i?enay/aiiio 80-??//th c aeiy ia?iaeaeaiiy A.A. Nainiiiaa
(Ee?a, 19-22 o?aaiy 1998), ia IX ?in?enuee?e eiioa?aioe?? “No?iaiea e
naienoaa iaoaeee/aneeo e oeaeiauo ?anieaaia. IeO?-9” (?eaoa?eiao?a,
15-18 aa?aniy 1998).
Ioae?eaoe??. Iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeaii a 10 ?iaioao,
cacia/aieo o nieneo e?oa?aoo?e.
No?oeoo?a oa ianya ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa i?noeoue anooi, /ioe?e
?icae?ee, aeniiaee, nienie aeei?enoaieo e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae (122
iaeiaioaaiiy), aeiaeaoee. C o?aooaaiiyi 52 ?enoie?a oa 51 oaaeeoe?
?iaioa aeeeaaeaia ia 157 noi??ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
O anooi? iaa?oioiaaii aeooaeuei?noue aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe,
noi?ioeueiaaia iaoa aeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy, aeeeaaeaii iaoeiao iiaecio
?iaioe.
O ia?oiio ?icae?e? i?aaenoaaeaii ocaaaeueiai? e?oa?aoo?i? a?aeiiino?
i?i oa?iiaeeiai?eo oa e?enoae?/io no?oeoo?o niieoe a?aie/ieo iiaea?eieo
Gd-(Ga,Al,Ge,Si), Al(Ge,Si)-Ga oa iio??eieo nenoai Gd-Al-Ga, Gd-Ge-Ga,
Gd-Si-Ga. Ia iniia? i?iaaaeaiiai aiae?co iinoaaeaii caaea/?, ye?
iaiao?aeii ?ica’ycaoe a i?ioean? aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Ae?oaee ?icae?e i?noeoue oa?aeoa?enoeeo aeo?aeieo iaoa??ae?a, iaoiaeeee
aeaioiaeaiiy, oa?iiia?iaee ? aeine?aeaeaiiy oaciaiai neeaaeo oa
e?enoae?/ii? no?oeoo?e nieaa?a nenoai Gd-Al(Ge,Si)-Ga, a oaeiae
?acoeueoaoe ?aioaai?anueeeo aeine?aeaeaiue.
Nieaae aeey ?aioaai?anueeiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aiooaaee iaoiaeii
aeaeo?iaeoaiai? ieaaee c iaoae?a aeniei? /enoioe: aaaeie?i?th – AaeI-1
(99,85%), aae?th – AE-000 (99,999%), aa?iai?th – AIC-1 (99,999%),
e?aii?th iai?ai?ia?aeieeiai? /enoioe (99,99%), aeaeo?ie?oe/iiai
aethi?i?th (99,99%). Eiio?ieue neeaaeo nieaa?a cae?enithaaee
caaaeoaaiiyi ceeae?a i?ney ieaaee. Nieaae caiathaaee a iiia?aaeiuei
aaaeoeiaai?, a iio?i caiiaiai? i/euaiei a?aiiii eaa?oeia? aiioee ?
i?aeaeaaaee a?aeiaeo i?ioyaii 790-2400 aiae i?e oaiia?aoo?ao 673 oa 1073
E. I?ney a?aeiaeo nieaae aa?ooaaee o oieiaei?e aiae?.
Oacia? ??aiiaaae oa e?enoae?/ia no?oeoo?a niieoe aeine?aeaeai? ca
aeiiiiiaith noai?aii? ia aac? Ae?II-3 oa IBM AO “Aaoiiaoeciaaii? nenoaie
cae?aiiy, ia?iaee oa ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? ?aioaai?anueeeo aeeo?aeoe?eieo
niaeo??a”, yea ?ic?iaeaia ia eaoaae?? o?ceee iaoae?a o?ce/iiai
oaeoeueoaoo Ee?anueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea.
Aeeo?aeoia?aie aeey oaciaiai aiae?co oa aeine?aeaeaiiy e?enoae?/ii?
no?oeoo?e caienoaaee ia aia?ao? Ae?II-3 o i?aeiiio o?eueo?iaaiiio
aei?ii?ithaaii? a aeene?aoiiio ?aaeei?: e?ie neaioaaiiy 0,05(,
aeniiceoe?y a eiaei?e oi/oe? 5-10 n. Ia?aeiia ia?iaea aeeo?aeoe?eieo
niaeo??a aeeiioaaeanue ca iaoiaeii iiaiii?io?eueiiai aiae?co (c
ei?aeooaaiiyi iieiaeaiiy oeaio??a aaae i?e?a ca aioo??oi?i noaiaea?oii –
e?aii??i); iioeaea aecia/aiiy iieiaeaiiy oeaio??a aaae i?e?a noaiiaeea
((0,001-0,005)(, ?ioaa?aeueieo ?ioaineaiinoae – ((5-15)%.
?aioaai?anueeee oaciaee aiae?c i?iaiaeeee ca aeiiiiiaith i?ea?iaeueiiai
eiiieaeno i?ia?ai c aeei?enoaiiyi aaieo aeaieo aoaeiiieo aeeo?aeoe?eieo
niaeo??a. O i?ia?ai? ia?aaeaa/aia iiaeeea?noue a?ao?/iiai ii??aiyiiy
aenia?eiaioaeueiiai niaeo?o aeine?aeaeoaaiiai c?acea c aeeo?aeoe?eiei
niaeo?ii aoaeiio, aiae?oe/iiai ii??aiyiiy i?aeieiueiieo a?aenoaiae
niaeo?o c?acea oa aoaeiio, ooi/iaiiy ca iaoiaeii iaeiaioeo eaaae?ao?a
ia??iae?a e?enoae?/ii? a?aoee eiaeii? oaciai? neeaaeiai?, aeey yei?
i?iaiaeeoueny ?aeaioeo?eaoe?y. A?aeiinia iioeaea aecia/aiiy ia??iae?a
e?enoae?/ii? a?aoee ia ia?aaeuoaaea 0,03 %.
?aioaai?anueeee no?oeoo?iee aiae?c. E?enoae?/io no?oeoo?o niieoe
aeine?aeaeaii ca iaoiaeii ii?ioeo c aeei?enoaiiyi iaoeiiiai aaieo aeaieo
no?oeoo?ieo oei?a ?ioa?iaoae?/ieo oa iai?aai?/ieo niieoe, noai?aiiai ia
eaoaae?? o?ceee iaoae?a Ee?anueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea,
yeee i?noeoue iiiaae 6500 aoanoiaaieo iaeeieoeue ?ioi?iaoe??. Iiooe
eiia??ieo no?oeoo?ieo oei?a-aiaeia?a cae?enithaaee aai oeyoii ii??aiyiiy
aenia?eiaioaeueiiai aeeo?aeoe?eiiai niaeo?o aeine?aeaeoaaii? niieoee c
aeeo?aeoe?eieie niaeo?aie niieoe aaieo aeaieo (a aaoiiaoe/iiio ?aaeei?
oa ca iaaieie eeth/aie) aai ca neiao???th oa cia/aiiyie ia??iae?a
e?enoae?/ii? a?aoee niieoee, yeui ?o aaeaaaeiny aecia/eoe a i?ioean?
?iaeaenoaaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueiiai niaeo?o ca aeiiiiiaith a?aeiiiai
eiiieaeno i?ia?ai ”Ii?ioie” (OOOE IAIO), aaeaioiaaiiai aeey IBM AO oa
?ioaa?iaaiiai a cacia/aio aeua “Aaoiiaoeciaaio nenoaio…”.
Ia?aa??eo no?oeoo?ieo iiaeaeae, ooi/iaiiy ca iaoiaeii iaeiaioeo
eaaae?ao?a eii?aeeiaoieo oa oaieiaeo ia?aiao??a no?oeoo?e, eiao?oe??io?a
caiiaiaiiy aoiiaie iiceoe?e, a?aooaaiiy aieeao oaenoo?e a c?aceao
aeeiioaaee ca aeiiiiiaith niaoe?aeueiiai eiiieaeno i?ia?ai aeey
no?oeoo?ieo ?ic?aooie?a.
Nenoaia Gd-Al-Ga (?en. 1) aea/aia ia 140 iiaea?eieo ? iio??eieo nieaaao
(a?aeiae 1300-2400 aiaeei i?e 1073 oa 673 E). A ?acoeueoao?
aeine?aeaeaiiy i?aeoaa?aeaeaii ooai?aiiy aeaio a?aeiieo c e?oa?a-oo?e
iio??eieo niieoe GdAl2Ga2 ? GdAlGa. Aecia/aii iaeano? aiiiaaiiino? oeeo
niieoe: aeey GdAl2Ga2 – a?ae (38 aei (56 ao. % Ga
(1-GdAl2,1-1,2Ga1,9-2,8), aeey GdAlGa – a?ae (33 aei (42 ao. % Ga
(3-GdAl1-0,7Ga1-1,3). Anoaiiaeaii ?nioaaiiy /ioe?ueio iiaeo iio??eieo
?ioa?iaoae?ae?a 2-GdAl3,29-2,05Ga0,48-1,72 ,
(4-GdAl0,7Ga0,8 , (5-GdAl0,46Ga0,35 ? (6-GdAl0,10Ga0,35 , a oaeiae
oaa?aeeo ?ic/ei?a ia iniia? a?eueoino? (ie??i Gd2Al) iiaea?eieo aae?ae?a
oa aethi?i?ae?a aaaeie?i?th. Iaoiaeii ii?ioeo i?iaaaeaii ooi/iaiiy
e?enoae?/ii? no?oeoo?e niieoee ”GdAl2Ga2” ? aecia/aii e?enoae?/io
no?oeoo?o niieoee 2-GdAl3,29-2,05Ga0,48-1,72. E?enoaeia?ao?/io
oa?aeoa?enoeeo oeeo iio??eieo niieoe iaaaaeaii a oaae. 1.
Oaaeeoey 1
E?enoaeia?ao?/ia oa?aeoa?enoeea aeine?aeaeaieo iio??eieo niieoe nenoaie
Gd-Al-Ga
Niieoea Oei no?oeoo?e a, ii b, ii n, ii
1-GdAl2Ga2 CaBe2Ge2 0,4216(1) – 0,9811(3)
2-GdAl3,29Ga0,48 LaPt2Ge2 0,4222(3) 0,9800(5) 0,4239(3); (=90,76(6)(
Aecia/aiiy a?aieoeue ?ic/eiiino? o?aoueiai eiiiiiaioo a iiaea?eieo
?ioa?iaoae?aeao aaaeie?i?th i?iaaaeaii ca eiioeaio?aoe?eieie
caeaaeiinoyie ?oi?o ia??iae?a a?aoie. I?e 1073 E niieoea GdAl3 ?ic/eiy?
~25,6 ao. % Ga, GdAl2 – (16 ao. % Ga, GdAl – (15 ao. % Ga, Gd3Al2 – (
10 ao. % Ga, GdGa2 – ~20 ao. % Al, GdGa – ~25 ao. % Al, Gd3Ga2 – ~20
ao. % Al. I?e 673 E niieoea GdGa6 ?ic/eiy? a?ae (7 aei (35 ao. % Al.
?en. 1 ?cioa?i?/iee ia?a??c ae?aa?aie noaio nenoaie Gd-Al-Ga i?e 1073 E
Nenoaia Gd-Ge-Ga (?en. 2). Oacia? ??aiiaaae a oe?e nenoai? aea/ai?
a?eueo i?ae ia 180 eeoeo ? oa?i?/ii (i?e aeaio oaiia?aoo?ao) ia?iaeaieo
nieaaao. I?e 1073 E (650 aiae.) a?aeiaethaaee nieaae ?c ai?noii
aaaeie?i?th a?eueoa 30 % ao. Nieaae ?c ai?noii aaaeie?i?th a?eueoa 20,
aea iaioa 42 % ao., a?aeiaeaii i?e 673 E (2400 aiae.). Aeine?aeaeaiith
oaciaeo ??aiiaaa o iio??ei?e nenoai? Gd-Ge-Ga ia?aaeoaaa oaciaee oa
no?oeoo?iee aiae?c ?yaeo iiaea?eieo nieaa?a nenoaie Gd-Ge. O ?acoeueoao?
aea/aiiy iiaea?eieo nieaa?a nenoaie Gd-Ge anoaiiaeaii ?nioaaiiy ?ai?o
iaa?aeiiiai aa?iai?aeo Gd3Ge4 (no?oeoo?iee oei Er3Ge4, a=0,4098(1) ii,
b=1,0752(3) ii, c=1,4346(4) ii). Anoaiiaeaii, ui aa?iai?ae Gd11Ge10
?nio? i?e oaiia?aoo?ao iiaeeco 1373 E ? e?enoae?co?oueny o no?oeoo?iiio
oei? Ho11Ge10 (a=1,0942(6) ii, n=1,671(2) ii). I?aeoaa?aeaeaii ?nioaaiiy
niieoee “GdGe2” ? i?iaaaeaii ?ic?aooiie e?enoae?/ii? no?oeoo?e oeueiai
?ioa?iaoae?aea (neeaae – GdGe1.9 , no?oeoo?iee oei DyGe1,9, a=0,4140(1)
ii, b=3,0033(4) ii, c=0,4031(1) ii). I?iaaaeaii ooi/iaiiy neeaaeo ?
no?oeoo?e ?ioa?iaoae?aeo aaaeie?i?th “GdGe2,57”: niieoea
e?enoae?co?oueny o no?oeoo?iiio oei? DyGe3 c ia??iaeaie a=0,4089(1) ii,
b=2,0928(2) ii, c=0,3948(1) ii.
?en. 2 O?aaiaioe ?cioa?i?/ieo ia?a??c?a ae?aa?aie noaio nenoaie
Gd-Ge-Ga
i?e 673 E (a) oa 1073 E (a)
A ?acoeueoao? aeine?aeaeaiiy a?aeiaeaieo i?e 673 E iio??eieo nieaa?a
nenoaie Gd-Ge-Ga anoaiiaeaii ?nioaaiiy i’yoe niieoe
1-Gd2Ge4,7-3,4Ga2,3-3,6, 2-Gd0,22Ge0,08Ga0,70,
3-GdGe3,00-2,77Ga0,32-0,55, 4-Gd0,3Ge0,6Ga0,1 ?
5-GdGe0,80-0,65Ga1,20-1,35, a oaeiae oaa?aeeo ?ic/ei?a ia iniia?
iiaea?eieo ?ioa?iaoa-e?ae?a (-Gd3Ge5, (-Gd2Ge3 ? GdGa2 (?en. 2,a).
Iaoiaeii ii?ioeo aecia/aii e?enoae?/io no?oeoo?o aeaio c neioaciaaieo
iio??eieo niieoe, e?enoaeia?ao?/io oa?aeoa?enoeeo yeeo iaaaaeaii a oaae.
2.
Oaaeeoey 2
E?enoaeia?ao?/ia oa?aeoa?enoeea aeine?aeaeaieo niieoe nenoaie Gd-Ge-Ga
Niieoea Oei no?oeoo?e a, ii b, ii n, ii
1-Gd2Ge3,85Ga3,15 La2AlGe6 0,8182(1) 1,0812(1) 0,8420(1); ((=100,94(1)(
3-GdGe3,00Ga0,32 SmNiGe3 0,4005(1) 2,0826(4) 0,4161(1)
Anoaiiaeaii, ui i?e oaiia?aoo?? 673 E (-Gd2Ge3 ?ic/eiy? ~28 ao. %
Ga, a GdGa2 – ~ 13 ao. % Ge. ?ic/eii?noue aae?th a (-Gd3Ge5 (ye ? a
(-Gd3Ge5 i?e 1073 E) noaiiaeoue ~20 ao. %.
Oa?aeoa?iith ?enith o?aaiaioo ?cioa?i?/iiai ia?a??co ae?aa?aie noaio
nenoaie Gd-Ge-Ga i?e 1073 E (?en. 2,a) ? oaa?ae? ?ic/eie ia iniia?
iiaea?eieo aa?iai?ae?a (ca aeiyoeii Gd5Ge4 ? Gd3Ge4) ? aae?ae?a
aaaeie?i?th. Niieoea 6-Gd11,0Ge9,58-8,74Ga0,42-1,26, neeaae yei?
ciaoiaeeoueny ia ?cieiioeaio?ao? 52,4 ao. % Gd a?ae ~2 aei ~6 ao. %
Ga, oaeoe/ii ? noaa?e?ciaaiei aae??i oaa?aeei ?ic/eiii ia iniia?
aenieioaiia?aoo?ii? niieoee Gd11Ge10 . Niieoea 5-GdGe1,0-0,7Ga1,0-1,3,
i?i yeo aaea caaaeoaaeiny i?e aiae?c? o?aaiaioo ?cioa?i?/iiai ia?a??co
ae?aa?aie noaio nenoaie Gd-Ge-Ga i?e 673 E, i?e 1073 E ia? iaeanoue
aiiiaaiiino? a?ae ~34 aei 43 ao. % Ga.. I?ae ?cino?oeoo?ieie niieoeaie
GdGe oa GdGa ia? i?noea iaia?a?aiee ?yae oaa?aeeo ?ic/ei?a.
?ic/eii?noue aae?th a (-Gd2Ge3 ? aa?iai?th a GdGa2 i?e 1073 E ia
a?ae??ciy?oueny iii?oii a?ae ?ic/eiiino? i?e 673 E. Aaaao? ia aaaeie?i?e
niieoee Gd5Ge3, Gd5Ga3 oa Gd3Ga2 ?ic/eiythoue a?aeiia?aeii: ~10 ao. %
Ga, ~7 ao. % Ge oa ~12,5 ao. % Ge.
Nenoaia Gd-Si-Ga (?en. 3). Oacia? ??aiiaaae a nenoai? Gd-Si-Ga
aeine?aeaeaii ia 93 eeoeo ? a?aeiaeaieo (1300 aiaeei i?e 1073 E)
nieaaao. Aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy oaciaiai neeaaeo iieaco?, ui
a nenoai? Gd-Si-Ga ooai?ththoueny aea? iio??ei? niieoee, neeaaee yeeo
iiaeia iaaeeaeaii iienaoe oi?ioeaie: 1-GdSi0,9-0,6Ga1,1-1,4 ?
2-GdSi0,9-0,6Ga0,1-0,4. E?enoaeia?ao?/io oa?aeoa?enoeeo oeeo niieoe
iaaaaeaii a oaae. 3.
Oaaeeoey 3
E?enoaeia?ao?/ia oa?aeoa?enoeea iio??eieo niieoe nenoaie Gd-Si-Ga
Niieoea Oei no?oeoo?e a, ii b, ii n, ii
1-GdSi0,88Ga1,12 (-ThSi2 0,4127(1) – 1,4295(1)
2-GdSi0,8Ga0,2 CrB 1,4313(1) 1,0679(4) 0,3883(1)
Aeey nenoaie Gd-Si-Ga oa?aeoa?ii ooai?aiiy oaa?aeeo ?ic/ei?a ye ia
iniia? aae?ae?a, oae ? ia iniia? nee?oeeae?a aaaeie?i?th. Anoaiiaeaii,
ui i?e 1073 E ?ic/eii?noue e?aii?th o aae?aeao aaaeie?i?th noaiiaeoue:
(19 ao. % a GdGa2 , (15 ao. % a GdGa, (16 ao. % a Gd3Ga2 , (12 ao. % a
Gd5Ga3. Aae?e iii?oii ?ic/eiy?oueny o (-GdSi2-x ((15 ao. %), o
(-GdSi1,5 ((5 ao. %) ? o Gd5Si3 ((15 ao. %).
?en. 3 ?cioa?i?/iee ia?a??c ae?aa?aie noaio nenoaie Gd-Si-Ga i?e 1073 E
O?ao?e ?icae?e i?noeoue iaoiaeeeo oa ?acoeueoaoe eaei?eiao?e/iiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy ??aeeeo nieaa?a nenoai Gd – Ga, Gd-Al, Gd-Si, Si – Ga ?
Gd – Al – Ga, Gd – Ge – Ga, Gd – Si – Ga.
Aeey aecia/aiiy aioaeuei?e ooai?aiiy iaoae?/ieo ?icieaa?a aoei
aeei?enoaii ?ciia?eaie?/iee eaei?eiao?, neiino?oeiaaiee ia eaoaae??
o?ce/ii? o?i?? Ee?anueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo [Ieeieaaiei E.A., Oo?/aiei I.A.,
Aaoaeei A.E., Aaeiai?iaeiaa A.A.// Oe?. oei. aeo?i. -1987. -53, ?8.
-N.50-54]. Iaoiaeeea aenia?eiaioo iieyaaea a iinooiiaiio aaaaeaii? o
aeo?aeiee iiaea?eiee ?icieaa c iaaiei ni?aa?aeiioaiiyi iieueieo /anoie
aeaio iaoae?a oaa?aeeo aeiaaaie o?aoueiai iaoaeo (aaaeie?i?th), ui iaee
e?iiaoio oaiia?aoo?o, oa ?a?no?aoe?? a?aeiia?aeieo e?eaeo oaieiiai?io.
I?e aeine?aeaeaii? iiaea?eieo nenoai o ?icieaa ia?oiai eiiiiiaioo
aaiaeeee iaaaaeee ae?oaiai eiiiiiaioo.
a?aeiineee aei na?aaeeie ?ioa?aaeo ci?ithaaiiy neeaaeo ?ic/eio ca
?aooiie ?ic/eiaiiy aeiaaaee:
, (1)
aea (HT298 – aioaeuei?y iaa??aaiiy iaeiiai iieth aeiaaaee a?ae
noaiaea?oii? oaiia?aoo?e aei oaiia?aoo?e aeine?aea O;
E – eiao?oe??io oaieiiai?ia eaei?eiao?a;
(0 oa (( – /an ii/aoeo ?ic/eiaiiy aeiaaaee ? /an iiaa?iaiiy oaiia?aoo?e
aeine?aea aei ??aiiaaaeii?.
I?e aea/aii? iio??eieo nieaa?a aenia?eiaioaeueii aecia/aee ia?oe?aeuei?
aioaeuei?? ci?ooaaiiy aaaeie?i?th acaeiaae ia?a??c?a ?c noaeei
ni?aa?aeiioaiiyi aeaio ?ioeo eiiiiiaio?a. Aeey a?eueoino? ia?a??c?a
i?iaiaeeee 2 aenia?eiaioe. O aeine?aeao aeei?enoiaoaaee iaoaee oaei? ae
/enoioe, ye ? i?e ?aioaai?anueeiio aeine?aeaeaii?. Aenia?eiaioe
i?iaiaeeee a aoiinoa?? i/euaiiai a?aiio i?e iacia/iiio iaaeeeoeiaiio
oeneo ?c canoinoaaiiyi aeoiaeiaeo oeae?a, ye? aoei i?ioooa?iaaii
ieneaeii ?o??th. Ia ii/aoeo ? ii oiaeo eiaeiiai aeine?aeo c iaoith
aecia/aiiy eiao?oe??ioa E i?iaiaeeee eae?a?iaeo eaei?eiao?a oeyoii
aaaaeaiiy a ?icieaa c?ace?a aoaeiiii? ?a/iaeie – aieueo?aia eeano A-2
(99,96%).
Ia iniia? iaea?aeaieo aeaieo c ia?oe?aeueieo aioaeuei?e ci?ooaaiiy
aaaeie?i?th ?ic?aoiaoaaee cia/aiiy (Gd-ooieoe?? ((Gd=((IGd / (1-xGd)2).
Noeoii?noue iaea?aeaieo cia/aiue (Gd-ooieoe?? iienoaaee i?oiii?iiaaieie
iie?iiiaie ca IIE. Aeei?enoaiiy i?oiii?iiaaieo iie?iii?a aeicaieeei
i?iaanoe ei?aeoiee noaoenoe/iee aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a. C iaoith aecia/aiiy
oa?aeoa?enoee ?icn?thaaiiy an? iaea?aeai? cia/aiiy aaaaeaee iacaeaaeieie
oa ??aiioi/ieie. Noai?iue iie?iiio, ui aaeaeaaoii iieno? aeai?,
aecia/aee ca aeiiiiiaith noaoenoe/iiai e?eoa??th O?oa?a. Aeae?
i?iaiaeeee ia?aoai?aiiy i?oiii?iiaaiiai iie?iiio aei noaiaiaaiai
aeaeyaeo. A ?acoeueoao? aeey eiaeii? (Me-ooieoe?? iaea?aeoaaee
aiae?oe/iee ae?ac o oi?i? iie?iiia aeaeyaeo:
(Me=Q1xMe+Q2x2Me+…+QjxjMe, aea j – noaiaiue iie?iiia; Qj –
a?aeiia?aeiee eiao?oe??io. Ia i?aenoaa? oeueiai iie?iiia ?ic?aoiaoaaee
caeaaeaeai? cia/aiiy ia?oe?aeueieo aioaeuei?e ci?ooaaiiy iaoaeo c
aeia??/ei ?ioa?aaeii, ui aei??aith? aeaii na?aaeiueieaaae?aoe/iei
a?aeoeeaiiyi ai?ieneioth/i? ooieoe??. ?ioaa?aeuei? aioaeuei??
?ic?aoiaoaaee c ia?oe?aeueieo ca iaoiaeii Aea?eaia.
O ca’yceo c iaaeinoaoi?noth ?ioi?iaoe?? uiaei oa?iiaeeiai?/ii?
iiaaae?iee a a?aie/ieo iiaea?eieo nenoaiao eaei?eiao?e/iiio
aeine?aeaeaiith iio??eieo nieaa?a Gd-Al(Ge,Si)-Ga ia?aaeoaaei aea/aiiy
aioaeuei?e ci?ooaaiiy ??aeeeo nieaa?a iiaea?eieo nenoai Gd-Al, Gd-Ga,
Gd-Si ? Si-Ga. ?acoeueoaoe eaei?eiao?e/iiai aecia/aiiy aioaeuei?e
ci?ooaaiiy a oeeo nenoaiao iaaaaeaii a oaae. 4-7.
Oaaeeoey 5
Ia?oe?aeuei? aeey aethi?i?th ? aaaeie?i?th
oa ?ioaa?aeuei? aioaeuei?? ci?ooaaiiy o nenoai?
Gd – Al i?e 1770 E, eAeae/iieue
xAl – (H ( 2( – ((HAl ( 2( – ((HGd ( 2(
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
**
0,8
0,9
1,0 0,0 0,0
9,4 0,3
17,6 0,5
23,9 0,8
29,0 1,2
*****
28,2 1,9 15,2 0,7
0,0 0,0 90,5 6,4
91,6 2,6
75,3 1,9
62,2 1,8
58,7 1,8
*****
5,0 0,5
0,7 0,1
0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0
0,3 0,0
3,2 0,1
7,5 0,3
9,2 0,7
*****
120,7 7,8
145,3 5,9
172,7 9,9
Oaaeeoey 4
Ia?oe?aeuei? aeey aaaeie?i?th ? aae?th oa ?ioaa?aeuei? aioaeuei??
ci?ooaaiiy o nenoai? Gd – Ga i?e 1759 E, eAeae/iieue
(2(
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
** 0,0 0,0
23,5 1,3
46,0 2,6
60,0 3,2
63,3 4,3
59,9 4,1
***** 198,3 32,6
246,9 12,1
198,0 10,4
120,4 7,5
52,8 6,4
11,5 4,2
***** 0,0 0,0
1,2 0,2
8,1 0,7
34,2 1,4
70,3 2,9
103,5 4,2
*****
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0 44,0 1,6
32,0 1,1
16,6 0,7
0,0 0,0 10,1 1,0
3,4 0,3
0,6 0,1
0,0 0,0 107,1 3,8
146,5 4,5
161,3 6,7
175,0 15,9
Oaaeeoey 6
Ia?oe?aeuei? aeey aaaeie?i?th ? e?aii?th oa ?ioaa?aeuei? aioaeuei??
ci?ooaaiiy a nenoai? Gd – Si i?e 1760 E, eAeae/iieue
xGd -(H(2( -((HGd (2( -(HSi(2(
0,0
0,1
0,2 0,0 0,0
23,6 1,4
49,9 2,9 205,1 8,7
270,2 7,0
248,6 5,5 0,0 0,0
-3,8 0,1
0,2 0,7
(( (((( (((( ((((
0,8
0,9
1,0 35,5 1,8
19,2 0,5
0,0 0,0 5,9 0,4
1,3 0,1
0,0 0,0 154,0 7,1
179,9 4,5
203,5 10,4
Oaaeeoey 7
Ia?oe?aeuei? aeey e?aii?th ? aae?th
oa ?ioaa?aeuei? aioaeuei?? ci?ooaaiiy o nenoai? Si – Ga i?e 1776 E,
eAeae/iieue
xGa (H(2( ((HGa (2( ((HSi(2(
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6 0,0 0,0
1,7 0,3
2,9 0,5
3,9 0,6
4,4 0,7
4,6 0,8
4,4 0,7 18,4 3,1
14,9 2,5
11,8 1,9
9,0 1,5
6,6 1,1
4,6 0,8
2,9 0,5 0,0 0,0
0,2 0,0
0,7 0,1
1,6 0,3
2,9 0,5
4,6 0,8
6,6 1,1
Aaeee? a?ae’?ii? cia/aiiy ia?oe?aeueieo aioaeuei?e ci?ooaaiiy
eiiiiiaio?a i?e iane?i/aiiiio ?icaaaeaii?, a oaeiae ?ioaa?aeueieo
aioaeuei?e ci?ooaaiiy na?ae/aoue i?i cia/io aca?iiae?th eiiiiiaio?a
a?ia?ieo ??aeeeo nieaa?a aaaeie?i?th c aethi?i??i, aae??i ? e?aii??i. Ia
a?aei?io a?ae ia?ae?/aieo ??aeeeo nieaa?a ?icieaae nenoaie Si-Ga
oa?aeoa?ecothoueny iaaaeeeeie aeiaeaoi?ie oaieiaeie aoaeoaie.
?acoeueoaoe eaei?eiao?e/iiai aecia/aiiy aioaeuei?e ci?ooaaiiy a
iio??eieo nenoaiao Gd-Al(Ge,Si)-Ga iaaaaeaii a oaae. 8-10.
Oaaeeoey 8
Aioaeuei?? ci?ooaaiiy o nenoai? Gd-Al-Ga i?e 1759 E, eAeae/iieue
xGd -((HGd ( 2( -(H ( 2( xGd -((HGd ( 2( -(H ( 2(
xAl/xGa=1,5/8,5 0,4 48,2 5,9 52,4 2,4
0,0 249,2 23,8 -0,3 0,0 0,5 10,5 5,2 48,1 2,7
0,1 223,1 10,5 23,1 1,1 xAl/xGa=6/4
0,2 181,9 7,7 43,3 1,6 0,0 177,2 15,9 -0,7 0,1
0,3 107,9 6,5 56,0 1,9 0,1 173,9 8,1 17,4 0,9
0,4 36,6 4,3 61,8 1,9 0,2 139,6 6,1 33,1 1,3
0,5 4,9 3,6 52,1 2,3 0,3 83,3 4,9 42,9 1,5
xAl/xGa=3/7 0,4 30,2 4,2 44,4 1,7
0,0 265,6 29,9 -0,5 0,1 0,5 3,2 3,6 39,2 1,8
0,1 198,9 12,2 21,6 1,3 xAl/xGa=8,5/1,5
0,2 175,2 7,7 40,0 1,6 0,0 168,0 20,2 -0,4 0,1
0,3 124,0 6,5 53,9 2,0 0,1 148,5 9,2 15,6 1,0
0,4 59,6 4,9 59,0 2,0 0,2 117,2 8,5 28,6 1,8
0,5 95,3 4,0 55,0 2,1 0,3 82,0 7,6 37,4 2,3
xAl/xGa=5/5 0,4 48,9 5,3 41,2 2,2
0,0 176,9 15,2 -0,7 0,1 0,5 22,2 3,7 38,0 1,9
0,1 200,1 10,4 19,0 1,1
0,2 161,6 8,8 37,3 1,8
0,3 102,6 7,1 49,0 2,2
Oaaeeoey 9
Aioaeuei?? ci?ooaaiiy o nenoai? Gd-Ge-Ga i?e 1758 E, eAeae/iieue
xGd -((HGd ( 2( -(H ( 2( xGd -((HGd ( 2( -(H ( 2(
xGe/xGa=1,5/8,5 0,3 180,1 8,7 64,8 2,7
0,0 220,7 31,4 0,3 0,1 0,4 125,1 7,0 77,2 2,9
0,1 264,9 10,6 26,5 1,2 0,5 71,7 10,4 80,4 5,2
0,2 221,2 8,5 50,5 1,7 xGe/xGa=7/3
0,3 163,5 6,3 68,4 1,9 0,0 205,1 67,6 0,5 0,1
0,4 80,7 4,3 76,0 2,0 0,1 288,5 31,4 28,1 3,2
0,5 19,5 4,8 70,5 2,2 0,2 248,7 21,9 54,6 4,5
xGe/xGa=3/7 0,3 239,3 17,2 78,1 5,2
0,0 167,6 42,4 0,5 0,1 0,4 184,1 13,8 98,2 5,6
0,1 197,2 18,9 19,1 2,0 0,5 4,4 15,0 97,9 7,5
0,2 193,8 16,6 39,0 3,4 xGe/xGa=8,5/1,5
0,3 169,3 13,3 56,8 4,1 0,0 214,7 68,0 0,3 0,1
0,4 133,8 8,9 70,3 3,6 0,1 217,8 25,4 22,3 2,6
0,5 95,3 9,6 77,5 4,9 0,2 229,8 22,8 44,8 4,6
xGe/xGa=5/5 0,3 225,8 22,3 67,8 6,7
0,0 184,4 19,2 0,6 0,1 0,4 177,2 18,4 87,9 7,4
0,1 231,8 10,7 22,1 1,2 0,5 25,5 11,5 90,1 5,8
0,2 22,1 12,8 45,2 2,5
Oaaeeoey 10
Aioaeuei?? ci?ooaaiiy o nenoai? Gd-Si-Ga i?e 1750 E, eAeae/iieue
xGd -((HGd ( 2( -(H ( 2( xGd -((HGd ( 2( -(H ( 2(
xSi/xGa=1/9 0,3 214,4 22,8 64,8 2,7
0,0 222,2 24,1 -1,7 0,3 0,4 53,2 17,9 77,2 2,9
0,1 224,3 10,6 21,3 4,6 0,5 46,2 35,9 80,4 5,2
0,2 203,0 8,9 41,6 4,9 xSi/xGa=7/3
0,3 138,8 6,7 53,1 4,8 0,0 284,9 61,8 -3,9 0,6
0,4 54,2 5,2 63,8 4,4 0,1 252,0 25,9 24,2 5,0
0,5 16,5 4,3 58,3 4,1 0,2 261,3 18,6 50,3 5,8
xSi/xGa=2,5/7,5 0,3 204,9 18,8 74,0 7,5
0,0 296,6 73,3 -3,1 0,5 0,4 65,7 14,8 83,0 7,5
0,1 269,9 28,4 24,3 6,5
0,2 226,0 23,2 50,7 7,9 xSi/xGa=8,5/1,5
0,3 158,0 18,4 66,8 8,4 0,0 287,5 58,6 -2,3 0,4
0,4 132,4 12,8 79,1 7,6 0,1 258,3 29,6 24,9 4,1
0,5 -7,4 9,0 76,8 6,6 0,2 240,9 27,5 50,7 6,5
xSi/xGa=5/5 0,3 83,9 41,2 65,9 13,3
0,0 296,6 84,9 -4,6 0,8
0,1 269,7 28,5 27,4 5,8
0,2 266,6 24,7 53,6 7,6
sse aeaeii c iaaaaeaieo oaaeeoeue, aeey aeine?aeaeaieo nenoai Gd-Al-Ga,
Gd-Ge-Ga ? Gd-Si-Ga a onueiio eiioeaio?aoe?eiiio ?ioa?aae? oa?aeoa?i?
aaeee? a?ae’?ii? cia/aiiy ia?oe?aeueieo oa ?ioaa?aeueieo oaieio
ci?ooaaiiy.
*aoaa?oee ?icae?e i?enay/aii iaaiai?aiith ?acoeueoao?a i?iaaaeaiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy.
sse aeaeii c iaaaaeaieo oaaeeoeue (oaae. 4-7), aenia?eiaioaeueia
aei??thaaiiy aioaeuei?e ci?ooaaiiy a iiaea?eieo nenoaiao Gd-Al, Gd-Ga,
Gd-Si oa Si-Ga ? o aeine?aeaeaieo iio??eieo nenoaiao (oaae. 8-10)
cae?eniaii o iaiaaeai?e iaeano? eiioeaio?aoe?e. C iaoith i?aaenoaaeaiiy
eiioeaio?aoe?eieo caeaaeiinoae ?ioaa?aeueii? aioaeuei?? ci?ooaaiiy a
on?e iaeano? eiioeaio?aoe?e oa a?eueo iaa?oioiaaiiai i?aeoiaeo aei
aiae?ca oa?iiaeeiai?ee nieaaiooai?aiiy o oeeo nenoaiao, a oaeiae
ii??aiyiiy eiai c ?acoeueoaoaie ?aioaai?anueeiai aeine?aeaeaiiy a aeai?e
?iaio? aeeiiaii ?ic?aooiee aioaeuei?e ci?ooaaiiy ia iniia? iiaeae?
”ioi/aiiai aoiia”. Oey iiaeaeue a?aeiineoueny aei noaoenoe/ieo oai??e
?ic/ei?a ia-aeaeo?ie?o?a. Aiia noai?aia ia iniia? eaac?o?i?/ii? oai???
Aoaaaiaaeia ? aeei?enoiaoaa? o? ae nai? a?iioace: ?ao?oi/ia aoaeiaa
?ic/eio c o?eniaaiei eii?aeeiaoe?eiei /eneii Z; noia ca noaiaie aeey
eieeaaiue aoii?a ia caeaaeeoue a?ae eiio?ao?aoe?? nenoaie. Iaeiae, ia
a?aei?io a?ae oai??? Aoaaaiaaeia, aeaiaioa?iei aia?aiiin??i o iiaeae?
”ioi/aiiai aoiia” ? ia ia?a aoii?a, a ioi/aiee aoii, oiaoi oeaio?aeueiee
aoii o neeiaiio iie? nai?o Z iaeaeeae/eo non?ae?a. C aeei?enoaiiyi oe???
iiaeae? ia eaoaae?? o?ce/ii? o?i?? Ee?anueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana
Oaa/aiea ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaeeeo ?ic?aooieo aioaeuei?e ci?ooaaiiy a?ia?ieo
??aeeeo iaoae?/ieo nieaa?a a on?e iaeano? eiioeaio?aoe?e ca
aenia?eiaioaeueieie aeaieie a iaiaaeaieo iaeanoyo neeaae?a
[Aaeiai?iaeiaa A.A. Acaeiiaeaenoaea eiiiiiaioia aeia?iuo aeeaeeeo
nieaaia aa?iaiey n ?-, d- e f-iaoaeeaie ia?eiaee/aneie nenoaiu:
Aeen….aeieo. oei. iaoe: 02.00.04. – E., 1987. -448 n.]. Cie?aia, aoei
noai?aii i?ia?aie, ye? ia iniia? canoinoaaiiy ?oa?aoe?eiiai iaoiaeo
aeicaieythoue ?ic?aoiaoaaoe (I ci?ooaaiiy a on?e iaeano? eiioeaio?aoe?e
ca aeaiia aenia?eiaioaeueieie cia/aiiyie oe??? aaee/eie. A aeai?e ?iaio?
cacia/ai? i?ia?aie aaeaioiaai? aeey IBM PC. Ca ieie i?iaaaeai?
?ic?aooiee aioaeuei?e ci?ooaaiiy o iiaea?eieo nenoaiao Gd-Al(Ga,Si) oa
aea/aieo iio??eieo nenoaiao Gd-Al(Ge,Si)-Ga acaeiaae a?aeiia?aeieo
i?iiaiaaeo ia?a??c?a ?c iino?eiei ni?aa?aeiioaiiyi eiiiiiaio?a xAl/xGa,
xGe/xGa ? xSi/xGa. Iiaeeea?noue canoinoaaiiy aeaii? iaoiaeeee aei
aea/aieo i?iiaiaaeo ia?a??c?a iio??eieo nieaa?a a?oioo?oueny ia oiio, ui
aaceni? iiaea?ei? nenoaie Al-Ga, Ge-Ga ? Si-Ga oa?aeoa?ecothoueny cia/ii
iaioith aca?iiae??th eiiiiiaio?a, i?ae a?aie/i? nenoaie c aaaeie?i??i.
Oiio cai?ia /anoeie aoii?a aae?th ia aoiie aethi?i?th, aa?iai?th aai
e?aii?th a?aeiia?aeii, i?aeoe/ii ia aieeaa? ia aia?a?th oeaio?aeueiiai
aoiia o neeiaiio iie? naiai iaeaeeae/iai ioi/aiiy.
Ia ?en. 4 cia?aaeaii aioaeuei?? ci?ooaaiiy o iiaea?eieo nenoaiao Gd-Al,
Gd-Ga, Gd-Si oa Si-Ga, ?ic?aoiaai? c aeei?enoaiiyi iiaeae? “ioi/aiiai
aoiia”. *i?ieie e?oaea/eaie aeey ii??aiyiiy cia?aaeai? cia/aiiy (H
ci?ooaaiiy, io?eiai? aenia?eiaioaeueii. Ii??aiyiiy aenia?eiaioaeueieo ?
?ic?aoiaaieo cia/aiue (I ci?ooaaiiy iieaco?, ui aiie i?aeoe/ii
ni?aiaaeathoue o aea/aieo aenia?eiaioaeueii iaeanoyo eiioeaio?aoe?e, ui
iiaea na?ae/eoe i?i aeinoia??i?noue ?ic?aoiaaieo cia/aiue oeeo aaee/ei a
iaaea/ai?e iaeano? neeaaeo. I?iaaaeai? ?ic?aooiee aeicaieythoue
iaea?aeaoe cia/aiiy (-ooieoe?? ((=(I/x1(1-x1)) aeey aea/aieo iiaea?eieo
nenoai. Aiae?c eiioeaio?aoe?eieo caeaaeiinoae (-ooieoe?? yaey? cia/iee
?ioa?an, ine?eueee a?aeiii, ui ca aeaeyaeii oeeo caeaaeiinoae iiaeia
c?iaeoe aeniiaie i?i oa?aeoa? a?aeoeeaiiy ?iciiae?eo /anoeiie o ?ic/ei?
a?ae oaioe/iiai. Eiioeaio?aoe?ei? caeaaeiino? (-ooieoe?? aeey aea/aieo
iiaea?eieo nenoai cia?aaeaii ia ?en. 4. Aeaeyae oeeo caeaaeiinoae (e?i??
2) na?ae/eoue i?i iayai?noue o ??aeeeo nieaaao nenoai Gd-Al, Gd-Ga ?
Gd-Si aeeaeiueiai ii?yaeeo oeia o?i?/ii? niieoee. Ia a?aei?io a?ae
iiaea?eieo nenoai c aaaeie?i??i o nenoai? Si-Ga (?en. 4,a)
eiioeaio?aoe?eia caeaaei?noue (-ooieoe?? e?i?eia, ui na?ae/eoue i?i
oaioe/iee ?iciiae?e aoii?a o ?icieaaao oe??? nenoaie.
a) a)
a) a)
?en. 4 ?ic?aoiaai? ca iiaeaeeth “ioi/aiiai aoiia” aioaeuei?? ci?ooaaiiy
oa (-ooieoe?? o nenoaiao Gd-Ga (a, 1759 E), Gd-Al (a, 1770 E), Gd-Si (a,
1760 E) oa Si-Ga (a, 1776 E)
O /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? i?iaaaeaii oaeiae aiae?c iaea?aeaieo
eiioeaio?aoe?eieo caeaaeiinoae ?ioaa?aeueieo aioaeuei?e ci?ooaaiiy o
ca’yceo c a?aeiia?aeieie ae?aa?aiaie noaio. Iieacaii, ui aeey a?ia?ieo
nenoai Gd-Al(Ga,Si) oa?aeoa?ii ?nioaaiiy o oaa?aeiio noai? ?yaeo
?ioa?iaoae?ae?a. Cia/ia aca?iiae?y eiiiiiaio?a caa??aa?oueny oaeiae ? o
??aeeiio noai?, i?i ui na?ae/eoue aeece?noue cia/aiue oaieio ooai?aiiy
oaa?aeeo niieoe ? aioaeuei?e ci?ooaaiiy a?aeiia?aeieo ??aeeeo nieaa?a.
Ne?ae oaeiae a?aecia/eoe, ui aeno?aiaeuei? cia/aiiy ia e?eaeo
eiioeaio?aoe?eieo caeaaeiinoae (I ci?ooaaiiy i?aeoe/ii a?aeiia?aeathoue
iaea?eueo oa?i?/ii noaa?eueiei ?ioa?iaoae?aeai ca ae?aa?aiaie noaio.
I?iaaaeaii ii??aiyiiy aeno?aiaeueieo cia/aiue (I ci?ooaaiiy c ??cieoeath
aeaeo?iiaaaoeaiinoae eiiiiiaio?a. Anoaiiaeaii, ui ca ciaioaiiyi ((
iiaea?ei? a?aie/i? nenoaie c aaaeie?i??i iiaeia ?ici?noeoe o ?yae
Gd-Ge(Gd-Si(Gd-Ga(Gd-Al. O oae?e nai?e iine?aeiaiino? ciaioothoueny
aecioa?i?/i? oaieia? aoaeoe ci?ooaaiiy aeey oeeo nenoai. Noi?niee aiae?c
eiioeaio?aoe?eieo caeaaeiinoae (-ooieoe??, (I ci?ooaaiiy ??aeeeo nieaa?a
oa ae?aa?ai noaio nenoai Gd-Al, Gd-Ga ? Gd-Si aea? iiaeeea?noue
i?eionoeoe ?nioaaiiy o ?icieaaao oeeo nenoai i?e?ioa?oiiaaiue, aeecueeeo
ca neeaaeii aei a?aeiia?aeieo iaea?eueo oa?i?/ii no?eeeo niieoe ca
ae?aa?aiaie noaio.
Iaaaaeai? oaeoe i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue aeai? i?i oa, ui o ??aeeeo nieaaao
ae?thoue o? ae nai? neee, ui iaoiiaeththoue ?nioaaiiy niieoe o
oaa?aeiio noai?. Aiie i?eaiaeyoue aei iaaii? eii?aeeiaoe?? aoii?a aai
iaa?oue aei aeieeiaiiy oa?oiiaaiue aoii?a a iaoae?/iiio ?icieaa?. Oae?
aoiii? oa?oiiaaiiy oa?aeoa?ecothoueny i?oeiith o?i?/iith aca?iiae??th
??cii??aeieo aoii?a o ??aeeiio noai? iaa?oue i?e cia/ieo ia?aa??aao iaae
e?i??th e?ea?aeona.
Cia/iee ?ioa?an yaey? aiae?c iaea?aeaieo eiioeaio?aoe?eieo caeaaeiinoae
?ioaa?aeueieo aioaeuei?e ci?ooaaiiy ?icieaa?a iio??eieo nenoai
Gd-Al(Ge,Si)-Ga oa ii??aiyiiy ?o c aeaieie ?aioaai?anueeiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy. Ia ?en. 5 (a-a) iaaaaeai? ?cie?i?? (I ci?ooaaiiy nieaa?a
aeine?aeaeaieo iio??eieo nenoai a on?e eiioeaio?aoe?ei?e iaeano?,
?ic?aoiaai? c aeei?enoaiiyi iiaeae? “ioi/aiiai aoiia”, noi?nii c
aiaeia?/ii ?ic?aoiaaieie (I ci?ooaaiiy o a?aie/ieo iiaea?eieo nenoaiao.
a)
a)
a)
?en. 5 ?ic?aoiaai? ca iiaeaeeth “ioi/aiiai aoiia” ?ioaa?aeuei?
aioaeuei?? ci?ooaaiiy o nenoaiao Gd-Al-Ga i?e 1759 E (a), Gd-Ge-Ga i?e
1758 E (a) ? Gd-Si-Ga i?e 1750 E (a) ? a?aie/ieo iiaea?eieo nenoaiao,
eAeae/iieue
Ne?ae a?aecia/eoe, ui i?iaaaeaia o ?iaio? ii??aiyiiy aenia?eiaioaeueieo
? ?ic?aoiaaieo cia/aiue (I ci?ooaaiiy aeey iio??eieo ?icieaa?a ??cieo
i?iiaiaaeo ia?a??c?a anoaiiaeei ?oi? aeia?a ocaiaeaeaiiy, ui na?ae/eoue
ia ei?enoue i?aaeeueiiai aecia/aiiy oiaeo ?cie?i?e a aenia?eiaioaeueii
iaaea/ai?e iaeano? eiioeaio?aoe?e.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui o an?o aea/aieo iio??eieo nenoaiao ae?aa?aie noaio
aacenieo noi??i (Al-Ga, Ge-Ga, Si-Ga) a?aeiinyoueny aei i?inoiai
aaoaeoe/iiai oeio. Aeey oeeo nenoai oa?aeoa?ia iaaaeeea aca?iiae?y
eiiiiiaio?a. Ia a?aei?io a?ae ieo a?aie/i? nenoaie c aaaeie?i??i
oa?aeoa?ecothoueny iayai?noth ?ioa?iaoae?/ieo niieoe. O
eiioeaio?aoe?ei?e iaeano?, ui i?eeyaa? aei aacenieo noi??i, o?ae
?cie?i?e ?ioaa?aeueii? aioaeuei?? ci?ooaaiiy iaaeeaea?oueny aei
i?yiie?i?eiiai, i?e/iio a?aeiia?aei? i?yi? i?aeoe/ii ia?aeaeuei? oeei
noi?iiai. Oaeei /eiii, aeey nieaa?a ??cieo i?iiaiaaeo ia?a??c?a a aeai?e
iaeano? cai?ia aoii?a aethi?i?th, aa?iai?th aai e?aii?th ia aoiie aae?th
i?e i?inoaaii? acaeiaae ?cieiioeaio?ao aaaeie?i?th ia aieeaa? ia
aia?aaoeeo nieaaiooai?aiiy. Iaaiaee, i?e i?inoaaii? acaeiaae
a?aeiia?aeieo i?iiaiaaeo ia?a??c?a ?c c?inoaiiyi ai?noo aaaeie?i?th
aecioa?i?/i? cia/aiiy (I ci?ooaaiiy ca?eueoothoueny. I?e ai?no?
aaaeie?i?th i?eaeecii 20 ao. % o an?o aea/aieo iio??eieo nenoaiao o?ae
?cie?i?e ?ioaa?aeueii? aioaeuei?? ci?ooaaiiy aeyaey? iaeano?
iaeneiaeueii? aca?iiae??. O nenoaiao Gd-Al-Ga ? Gd-Ge-Ga aiie ci?uai?
aei noi?iie c a?eueoith aca?iiae??? eiiiiiaio?a ( Gd-Ga ? Gd-Ge
a?aeiia?aeii. Aiae?c iaea?aeaieo eaei?eiao?e/ieo ? ?aioaai?anueeeo
aeaieo o ii??aiyii? c oa?iiaeeiai?/ieie aeanoeainoyie oa ae?aa?aiaie
noaio a?aie/ieo a?ia?ieo nenoai i?eaiaeeoue aei aeniiaeo, ui oa?aeoa?
oaciaeo ??aiiaaa oa oa?iiaeeiai?/ia iiaaae?iea nieaa?a oeeo aeaio
iio??eieo nenoai aecia/a?oueny aca?iiae??th eiiiiiaio?a iiaea?eieo
nenoai c aaaeie?i??i, i?e/iio ia?aaaaea? aieea noi?iie Gd-Ga o nenoai?
Gd-Al-Ge ? Gd-Ge o nenoai? Gd-Ge-Ga. A iio??ei?e nenoai? Gd-Si-Ga
iaeanoue iaeneiaeueii? aca?iiae?? eiiiiiaio?a niinoa??aa?oueny ia ia
iaei?e ?c noi??i, a i?aeoe/ii o na?aaeei? eiioeaio?aoe?eiiai o?eeooieea,
oi/a aiia aeaui ? ci?uaia aei noi?iie Gd-Si. Ca noi?niei aiae?cii
eiioeaio?aoe?eieo caeaaeiinoae (I ci?ooaaiiy o nenoai? Gd-Si-Ga oa
aeaieo ?aioaai?anueeiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iio??eieo nieaa?a iiaeia c?iaeoe
aeniiaie i?i cia/iee aieea a?ia?ieo nenoai Gd-Si ? Gd-Ga ia oa?aeoa?
aca?iiae?? eiiiiiaio?a oe??? iio??eii? nenoaie. Ne?ae cacia/eoe,ui
ia?aaaaea? aieea noi?iie Gd-Si.
Ca ?acoeueoaoaie ?aioaai?anueeiai aeine?aeaeaiiy anoaiiaeaii, ui nenoaie
Gd-Al-Ga, Gd-Ge-Ga ? Gd-Si-Ga oa?aeoa?ecothoueny cia/iith ?ic/eii?noth
o?aoueiai eiiiiiaioo a aae?aeao, aethi?i?aeao, aa?iai?aeao ? nee?oeeaeao
aaaeie?i?th. Ooai?aiith i?ioyaeieo oaa?aeeo ?ic/ei?a ni?ey? aca?iia
cai?uaiiy aethi?i?e-aae?e, aa?iai?e-aae?e oa e?aii?e-aae?e o no?oeoo?ao.
I?iaaaeaiee o ?iaio? noi?niee aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a ?aioaai?anueeiai oa
oa?iiaeeiai?/iiai aei-ne?aeaeaiue aeicaieea aeyaeoe iiae?ai?noue nenoai
Gd-Ge-Ga ? Gd-Si-Ga oa ?oith a?aei?ii?noue a?ae nenoaie Gd-Al-Ga.
Inoaiiy oa?aeoa?eco?oueny iaio aecioa?i?/ieie aoaeoaie ci?ooaaiiy
??aeeeo nieaa?a oa a?eueo oe?ieith iaeanoth iaeneiaeueii? aca?iiae??
eiiiiiaio?a. Oeae oaeo, ia iaoo aeoieo, iiynith?oueny oei, ui
e?enoaeio?i?/i? oa iaoaeio?i?/i? aeanoeaino? e?aii?th ? aa?iai?th
aeecuee? i?ae niaith ? a?ae??ciythoueny a?ae oaeeo aeey aethi?i?th.
Ie??i oiai, oey a?aei?ii?noue iiynith?oueny ??cieoeath o oa?aeoa??
i?aeaoiiiiai ca’yceo a aethi?i??a?e oa aa?iai??a?e (e?aii??a?e)
nenoaiao.
INIIAI? ?ACOEUeOAOE ? AENIIAEE
Aia?oa iaoiaeii ?aioaai?anueeiai aiae?co a onueiio ?ioa?aae?
eiioeaio?aoe?e aeine?aeaeaii eeo? ? oa?i?/ii ia?iaeai? nieaae iio??eieo
nenoai Gd-Al(Ge,Si)-Ga oa iiaoaeiaai? ?cioa?i?/i? ia?a??ce ae?aa?ai
noaio nenoai Gd-Ge-Ga (673 E, 1073 E), Gd-Al-Ga ? Gd-Si-Ga (1073 E).
Aia?oa neioaciaaii iiaee aa?iai?ae Gd3Ge4 oa 11 iio??eieo niieoe:
GdAl3,29-2,05Ga0,48-1,72, GdAl0,7Ga0,8, GdAl0,46Ga0,35, GdAl0,10Ga0,35,
GdGe3,00-2,77Ga0,32-0,55, Gd2Ge4,7-3,4Ga2,3-3,6, Gd0,22Ge0,08Ga0,70,
Gd0,3Ge0,6Ga0,1, GdGe0,80-0,65Ga1,20-1,35, GdSi0,9-0,6Ga1,1-1,4,
GdSi0,9-0,6Ga0,1-0,4. Iaoiaeii ii?ioeo iiai?noth aecia/aii e?enoae?/io
no?oeoo?o /ioe?ueio aa?iai?ae?a aaaeie?i?th ? oanoe iio??eieo niieoe.
Aia?oa iaoiaeii aenieioaiia?aoo?ii? eaei?eiao??? a oe?ie?e iaeano?
eiioeaio?aoe?e aea/aii aioaeuei?? ci?ooaaiiy ??aeeeo nieaa?a iio??eieo
nenoai Gd-Al-Ga (1759 E), Gd-Ge-Ga (1758 E) ? Gd-Si-Ga (1750 E),
aeeth/ath/e aioaeuei?? ci?ooaaiiy a?aie/ieo a?ia?ieo nenoai Gd-Ga (1759
E), Gd-Al (1770 E) i Si-Ga (1776 E). Aeey nenoaie Gd-Si (1760 E) nooo?ai
?icoe?aii eiioeaio?aoe?eiee ?ioa?aae aeine?aeaeaiue oaieio ci?ooaaiiy.
Iieacaii, ui ooai?aiiy ??aeeeo nieaa?a iio??eieo nenoai Gd-Al-Ga,
Gd-Ge-Ga ? Gd-Si-Ga, a oaeiae a?ia?ieo nenoai Gd-Al, Gd-Ga ? Gd-Si
noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny cia/ieie aecioa?i?/ieie aoaeoaie.
C aeei?enoaiiyi iiaeae? “ioi/aiiai aoiia” ia iniia? aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeaieo a iaiaaeaieo ?ioa?aaeao eiioeaio?aoe?e ?ic?aoiaaii ?ioaa?aeuei?
aioaeuei?? ci?ooaaiiy a on?e eiioeaio?aoe?ei?e iaeano? aeey iiaea?eieo
Gd-Ga, Gd-Al, Gd-Si, Si-Ga ? iio??eieo Gd-Al-Ga, Gd-Ge-Ga ? Gd-Si-Ga
nenoai. Iieacaii ocaiaeaeaiiy i?ae aenia?eiaioaeueieie ? ?ic?aoiaaieie
cia/aiiyie aioaeuei?e ci?ooaaiiy eiiiiiaio?a ??aeeeo nieaa?a
aeine?aeaeaieo nenoai.
Anoaiiaeaii ei?aeyoe?th i?ae aioaeuei?yie ci?ooaaiiy a iiaea?eieo
?icieaaao oa a?aeiia?aeieie ae?aa?aiaie noaio. O nenoaiao c a?eueoith
oa?i?/iith noaa?euei?noth niieoe niinoa??aathoueny a?eueo cia/i?
a?aeoeeaiiy a?ae ?aeaaeueieo ?ic/ei?a o ??aeeeo nieaaao. Aeno?aiaeuei?
cia/aiiy a?aeoeeaiue i?iyaeythoueny i?e eiioeaio?aoe?yo, iiaeeco yeeo ia
ae?aa?aiao noaio ?niothoue no?ee? ?ioa?iaoae?/i? niieoee ? ciaoiaeyoueny
o a?aeiia?aeiino? c ??cieoeath aeaeo?iiaaaoeaiinoae eiiiiiaio?a a?ia?ieo
nieaa?a.
Ia iniia? noi?niiai aiae?co eiioeaio?aoe?eieo caeaaeiinoae ?ioaa?aeueieo
aioaeuei?e ci?ooaaiiy oa ?acoeueoao?a ?aioaai?anueeiai aiae?co
anoaiiaeaii, ui oa?aeoa? oaciaeo ??aiiaaa ? oa?iiaeeiai?/ia iiaaae?iea
nieaa?a iio??eieo nenoai Gd-Al-Ga, Gd-Ge-Ga ? Gd-Si-Ga aecia/a?oueny
aca?iiae??th eiiiiiaio?a a?aie/ieo iiaea?eieo nenoai c aaaeie?i??i.
Iniiai? iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaai? a oaeeo ?iaioao:
Aaeiai?iaeiaa A.A., Ceiaae/ O.I., Eioiaa I.A., Aieiaaoay I.A.
Eaei?eiao?e/aneia ii?aaeaeaiea yioaeueiee niaoaiey a o?ieiie nenoaia
Ge-Ga-Gd// I?ioeannu eeouey. -1996. -?2. -N. 9-17.
Aaeiai?iaeiaa A.A., Ceiaae/ O.I., Eioiaa I.A., Aieiaaoay I.A., Ua?aaeia
A.E. Eaei?eiao?e/aneia ii?aaeaeaiea yioaeueiee niaoaiey a o?ieiie
nenoaia Si-Ga-Gd// I?ioeannu eeouey. -1996. -?4. -N. 20-27.
Aaeiai?iaeiaa A.A., Ceiaae/ O.I., Eioiaa I.A., Aieiaaoay I.A. Yioaeueiee
niaoaiey ?anieaaia o?ieiuo nenoai Ge-Ga-Gd e Si-Ga-Gd// Ii?ioeiaay
iaoaeeo?aey. -1996. -?7-8. -N. 84-88.
Aaeiai?iaeiaa A.A., Ceiaae/ O.I., Eioiaa I.A., Aieiaaoay I.A, Ua?aaeia
A.E. Eaei?eiao?e/aneia ii?aaeaeaiea yioaeueiee niaoaiey a o?ieiie
nenoaia Al-Ga-Gd// I?ioeannu eeouey. -1999. -?1. -N.16-21.
Aieiaaoa I.A., Ia?e?a A.ss, A?eya?ia I.I., A?eiai?iaeiaa I.A.
?cioa?i?/i? (8000N, 4000N) ia?a??ce ae?aa?aie noaio nenoaie Gd – Ge –
Ga// A?niee Ee?anueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo. Na?.o?i. -1999. -Aeione 35. -N.
14-19.
Golovataya N.V., Markiv V.Ya., Belyavina N.M. The phase equilibria and
the alloys crystal structure in Gd – Ga – Ge and Gd – Ga – Si systems//
V International School “Phase Diagrams in Materials Science. ISPDMS’96”.
– Kiev: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, I.N. Frantsevich
Institute for Problems of Materials Science. -1996. -P. 47.
Aaeiai?iaeiaa A.A., Ia?eea A.ss., Aaeyaeia I.I., Aieiaaoay I.A.
Oa?iiaeeiaie/aneea naienoaa aeeaeeeo nieaaia e oa?aeoa? oaciauo
?aaiiaanee a o?ieieo nenoaiao Gd-Ga-Ge e Gd-Ga-Si// O?oaeu
Iaaeaeoia?iaeiie eiioa?aioeee “Yaoaeoeea IV”. -Aeiai?iiao?iane:
Ainoaea?noaaiiay iaoaeeo?ae/aneay Aeaaeaiey Oe?aeiu. -1997. -N. 84.
Aaeiai?iaeiaa A.A., Ceiaae/ O.I., Eioiaa I.A., Aieiaaoay I.A.
Eaei?eiao?e/aneia ii?aaeaeaiea yioaeueiee niaoaiey a o?ieiie nenoaia
Al-Ga-Gd// O?oaeu Iaaeaeoia?iaeiie eiioa?aioeee “Yaoaeoeea IV”.
-Aeiai?iiao?iane: Ainoaea?noaaiiay iaoaeeo?ae/aneay Aeaaeaiey Oe?aeiu.
-1997. -N. 85.
Aieiaaoa I.A., A?eiai?iaeiaa I.A., Ia?e?a A.ss., A?eya?ia I.I. Oacia?
??aiiaaae, e?enoae?/ia no?oeoo?a ? oa?iiaeeiai?/i? aeanoeaino? ??aeeeo
nieaa?a iio??eieo nenoai Gd-Ga-Al, Gd-Ga-Ge i Gd-Ga-Si// Iaoa??aee
Ae?oai? I?aeia?iaeii? eiioa?aioe?? “Eiino?oeoe?ei? oa ooieoe?iiaeuei?
iaoa??aee. EOI’97”. – Euea?a: Aeaeaaieoeoai IOO. – 1997. – N. 80-81.
Aieiaaoay I.A., Aaeiai?iaeiaa A.A., Eioiaa I.A., Ceiaae/ O.I., Ua?aaeia
A.E. Eaei?eiao?e/aneia ii?aaeaeaiea yioaeueiee niaoaiey a o?ieiuo
nenoaiao Ga-Al-Gd, Ga-Ge-Gd e Ga-Si-Gd// O?oaeu IX Ana?inneeneie
eiioa?aioeee “No?iaiea e naienoaa iaoaeee/aneeo e oeaeiauo ?anieaaia.
IeO?-9”. -*aeyaeine: THO?AO. -1998. -Oii 2. -N. 42-43.
AIIOAOe?ss
Aieiaaoa I.A. Oa?aeoa? oaciaeo ??aiiaaa oa oa?iiaeeiai?/i? aeanoeaino?
nieaa?a iio??eieo nenoai Gd-Al-Ga, Gd-Ge-Ga i Gd-Si-Ga. -?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa o?i?/ieo iaoe ca
niaoe?aeuei?noth 02.00.04 – o?ce/ia o?i?y. Ee?anueeee oi?aa?neoao ?iai?
Oa?ana Oaa/aiea, Ee?a, 1999.
Caoeua?oueny 10 ae?oeiaaieo ?ia?o, ye? i?noyoue ?acoeueoaoe
aeine?aeaeaiiy oa?aeoa?o aca?iiae?? eiiiiiaio?a nieaa?a iio??eieo
iaoae?/ieo nenoai Gd-Al-Ga, Gd-Ge-Ga i Gd-Si-Ga iaoiaeii
?aioaai?anueeiai aiae?co ? iaoiaeii aenieioaiia?aoo?ii? eaei?eiao???.
Aia?oa iiaoaeiaaii ?cioa?i?/i? ia?a??ce ae?aa?ai noaio nenoai Gd-Al-Ga,
Gd-Si-Ga (1073 E) oa Gd-Ge-Ga (673 ? 1073 E). Anoaiiaeaii ?nioaaiiy 11
iiaeo iio??eieo ?ioa?iaoae?ae?a. Aeey 6-oe iio??eieo niieoe
aeine?aeaeaieo nenoai ? 4-io aa?iai?ae?a aaaeie?i?th aea/aia e?enoae?/ia
no?oeoo?a. Aia?oa anoaiiaeaia eiioeaio?aoe?eia caeaaei?noue aioaeuei?e
ci?ooaaiiy iio??eieo ?icieaa?a Gd-Al-Ga (1759 E), Gd-Ge-Ga (1758 E),
Gd-Si-Ga (1750 E), aeeth/ath/e aioaeuei?? ci?ooaaiiy a?ia?ieo nenoai
Gd-Ga (1759 K), Gd-Al (1770 K), Si-Ga (1776 K). Aeey nenoaie Gd-Si (1760
E) nooo?ai ?icoe?aii eiioeaio?aoe?eiee ?ioa?aae aeine?aeaeaiue oaieio
ci?ooaaiiy. C aeei?enoaiiyi iiaeae? “ioi/aiiai aoiia” ?ic?aoiaaii
oaieioe ci?ooaaiiy a onueiio ?ioa?aae? eiioeaio?aoe?? aeey
aeine?aeaeaieo iiaea?eieo ? iio??eieo nenoai. Anoaiiaeaii ei?aeyoe?th
i?ae aioaeuei?yie ci?ooaaiiy a ?icieaaao iiaea?eieo nenoai oa
a?aeiia?aeieie ae?aa?aiaie noaio. Iieacaii, ui oa?aeoa? aca?iiae??
eiiiiiaio?a iio??eieo nieaa?a nenoai Gd-Al(Ge,Si)-Ga ye oaa?aeeo oae ?
??aeeeo aecia/a?oueny o?ceei-o?i?/ieie aeanoeainoyie a?aeiia?aeieo
a?aie/ieo nenoai c aaaeie?i??i.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: ae?aa?aia noaio, ?ioa?iaoae?aee, oacia? ??aiiaaae,
e?enoae?/ia no?oeoo?a, oa?iiaeeiai?/i? aeanoeaino?, aioaeuei?y
ci?ooaaiiy.
Summary
Golovataya N.V. The character of phase equilibria and thermodynamic
properties of Gd-Al-Ga, Gd-Ge-Ga and Gd-Si-Ga ternary alloys.
-Manuscript.
Thesis for a candidate’s degree by speciality 02.00.04 – physical
chemistry. -Taras Shevchenco University, Kyiv, 1999.
Ten published works, which contain the results of X-ray and
high-temperature calorimetry investigation of components interaction
character in ternary metal systems Gd-Al-Ga, Gd-Ge-Ga and Gd-Si-Ga are
defended. For the first time the isothermal sections Gd-Al-Ga, Gd-Si-Ga
(1073 K) and Gd-Ge-Ga (673 ? 1073 K) phase diagrams have been built. The
existense of 11 new ternary phases was found. The crystal structure and
lattice parameters for 6 ternary and 4 binary Gd-Ge compounds have been
determined. For the first time mixing enthalpies concentration
dependences for Gd-Al-Ga (1759 E), Gd-Ge-Ga (1758 E), Gd-Si-Ga (1750 E)
ternary systems have been established, including mixing enthalpies of
Gd-Al (1770 K), Gd-Ga (1759 K) and Si-Ga (1776 K) binary systems. The
investigated concentration interval for Gd-Si (1760 K) binary system was
essentially extended. For investigated binary and ternary systems mixing
heats in whole concentration interval were calculated using the
“surrounded atom” model. Correlation between mixing enthalpies in binary
liquid alloys and correspondent phase diagrams was established. It has
been shown that components interaction character in Gd-Al(Ge,Si)-Ga
ternary systems is determined by properties of Gd-containing binary
limited systems both in solid and in liquid state.
Key words: phase diagram, metal’s compounds, phase equilibria, crystal
structure, thermodynamic properties, mixing enthalpies.
Aiiioaoeey
Aieiaaoay I.A. Oa?aeoa? oaciauo ?aaiiaanee e oa?iiaeeiaie/aneea naienoaa
nieaaia o?ieiuo nenoai Gd-Al-Ga, Gd-Ge-Ga e Gd-Si-Ga. -?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oeie/aneeo iaoe ii
niaoeeaeueiinoe 02.00.04 – oece/aneay oeiey, Eeaaneee oieaa?neoao eiaie
Oa?ana Oaa/aiei, Eeaa, 1999.
Caueuaaony 10 ia/aoiuo ?aaio, eioi?ua niaea?aeao ?acoeueoaou
enneaaeiaaiey oa?aeoa?a acaeiiaeaenoaey eiiiiiaioia nieaaia o?ieiuo
iaoaeee/aneeo nenoai Gd-Al-Ga, Gd-Ge-Ga e Gd-Si-Ga iaoiaeii
?aioaaiianeiai aiaeeca e iaoiaeii aunieioaiia?aoo?iie eaei?eiao?ee.
Oa?aeoa? oaciauo ?aaiiaanee a nenoaiao Gd-Al-Ga, Gd-Ge-Ga e Gd-Si-Ga
enneaaeiaai iaoiaeii ?aioaaiianeiai aiaeeca aieaa /ai ia 400 eeouo e
ioiaeaeaiiuo nieaaao i?e oaiia?aoo?ao 673 e 1073 E. A nayce n oai, /oi a
eeoa?aoo?a eiaee ianoi i?ioeai?a/eaua aeaiiua i eiee/anoaa e
e?enoaeee/aneie no?oeoo?a aa?iaieaeia aaaeieeiey ia?aae enneaaeiaaieai
nieaaia nenoaiu Gd-Ge-Ga auei i?iaaaeaii ?aioaaiianeia
enneaaeiaaiea nieaaia nenoaiu Gd-Ge. A ?acoeueoaoa neioace?iaai ?aiueoa
iaecaanoiue aa?iaieae aaaeieeiey Gd3Ge4 (no?oeoo?iue oei Er3Ge4,
a=0,4098(1) ii, b=1,0752(3) ii, c=1,4346(4) ii). Onoaiiaeaii, /oi
aa?iaieae Gd11Ge10 nouanoaoao i?e oaiia?aoo?ao, aeeceeo e 1073 E e
e?enoaeeecoaony a no?oeoo?iii oeia Ho11Ge10 n ia?eiaeaie ?aoaoee
a=1,0942(6) ii, n=1,671(2) ii. Iiaeoaa?aeaeaii nouanoaiaaiea niaaeeiaiey
“GdGe2”, onoaiiaeai no?oeoo?iue oei e ii?aaeaeaiu ia?eiaeu
e?enoaeee/aneie ?aoaoee aeey yoiai eioa?iaoaeeeaea (ninoaa – GdGe1.9 ,
no?oeoo?iue oei DyGe1,9, a=0,4140(1) ii, b=3,0033(4) ii, c=0,4031(1)
ii). Ooi/iai ninoaa e no?oeoo?a aa?iaieaea aaaeieeiey “GdGe2,57”:
niaaeeiaiea e?enoaeeecoaony a no?oeoo?iii oeia DyGe3 n ia?eiaeaie
?aoaoee a=0,4089(1) ii, b=2,0928(2) ii, c=0,3948(1) ii.
A ?acoeueoaoa ?aioaaiianeiai enneaaeiaaiey o?ieiuo nieaaia nenoai
Gd-Al(Ge,Si)-Ga iiaeoaa?aeaeaii nouanoaiaaiea aeaoo ecaanoiuo ec
eeoa?aoo?u niaaeeiaiee nenoaiu Gd-Al-Ga e aia?aua neioac?iaaii 11 iiauo
o?ieiuo eioa?iaoaeeeaeia: 2-GdAl3,29-2,05Ga0,48-1,72, 4-GdAl0,7Ga0,8 ,
5-GdAl0,46Ga0,35, 6-GdAl0,10Ga0,35, 1-Gd2Ge4,7-3,4Ga2,3-3,6,
2-Gd0,22Ge0,08Ga0,70, 3-GdGe3,00-2,77Ga0,32-0,55,
4-Gd0,3Ge0,6Ga0,1, 5-GdGe0,80-0,65Ga1,20-1,35, 1-GdSi0,9-0,6Ga1,1-1,4,
2-GdSi0,9-0,6Ga0,1-0,4 . Aeey oanoe o?ieiuo niaaeeiaiee ii?aaeaeaia
e?enoaeee/aneay no?oeoo?a.
Iieacaii, /oi ana eco/aiiua nenoaiu oa?aeoa?ecothony ia?aciaaieai
oaa?aeuo ?anoai?ia ia iniiaa aeaieiuo eioa?iaoaeeeaeia a?aie/iuo nenoai
Gd-Al, Gd-Ga, Gd-Ge e Gd-Si, iaeanoe aiiiaaiiinoe eioi?uo ?aniieiaeaiu
aaeieue niioaaonoaothueo ecieiioeaio?ao aaaeieeiey.
N o/aoii aeaieiuo eioa?iaoaeeeaeia a?aie/iuo aeia?iuo nenoai, oaa?aeuo
?anoai?ia ia eo iniiaa e o?ieiuo niaaeeiaiee iino?iaiu ecioa?ie/aneea
na/aiey aeeaa?aii ninoiyiey nenoai Gd-Ge-Ga (673 E, 1073 E), Gd-Al-Ga
e Gd-Si-Ga (1073 E).
Aia?aua iaoiaeii aunieioaiia?aoo?iie eaei?eiao?ee ii?aaeaeaiu
ia?oeeaeueiua aeey aaaeieeiey yioaeueiee niaoaiey a aeeaeeeo nieaaao
o?ieiuo nenoai: a Gd-Al-Ga i?e oaiia?aoo?a 1759 E aaeieue eo/aauo
na/aiee n iinoiyiiui niioiioaieai aethieiey e aaeeey (1,5/8,5; 3/7; 5/5;
6/4 e 8,5/1,5); a Gd-Ge-Ga – i?e 1758 E ( xGe/xGa =1,5/8,5; 3/7; 5/5;
7/3 e 8,5/1,5); a Gd-Si-Ga – i?e 1750 E (xSi/xGa=1/9; 2,5/7,5; 5/5; 7/3
e 8,5/1,5). A eco/aiiuo o?ieiuo nenoaiao ecia?aiea yioaeueiee niaoaiey
auiieiaii a eiioeaio?aoeeiiiie iaeanoe 0(xGd(0,5. Eioaa?aeueiua
yioaeueiee niaoaiey ?ann/eoaiu ec ia?oeeaeueiuo ii iaoiaeo Aea?eaia.
Iieacaii, /oi ia?aciaaiea aeeaeeeo nieaaia o?ieiuo nenoai
Gd-Al(Ge,Si)-Ga nii?iaiaeaeaaony cia/eoaeueiuie yecioa?ie/iuie yooaeoaie
ai anai eioa?aaea eiioeaio?aoeee. A i?ioeanna eaei?eiao?e/aneiai
enneaaeiaaiey nieaaia iacaaiiuo o?ieiuo nenoai oaeaea auee eco/aiu
nieaau aeia?iuo nenoai Gd-Al(Ga,Si) e Si-Ga. Aieueoea io?eoeaoaeueiua
cia/aiey ia?oeeaeueiuo yioaeueiee niaoaiey eiiiiiaioia i?e aaneiia/iii
?acaaaeaiee, a oaeaea eioaa?aeueiuo yioaeueiee niaoaiey
naeaeaoaeuenoaotho i cia/eoaeueiii acaeiiaeaenoaee a aeeaeeeo nieaaao
nenoai Gd-Al(Ga,Si). A ioee/ea io iacaaiiuo aeaieiuo nenoai, nenoaia
Si-Ga oa?aeoa?ecoaony iacia/eoaeueiuie iieiaeeoaeueiuie oaieiauie
yooaeoaie.
Ia iniiaa yenia?eiaioaeueiuo aeaiiuo a ia?aie/aiiuo iaeanoyo
eiioeaio?aoeee n eniieueciaa-ieai iiaeaee “ie?oaeaiiiai aoiia”
?ann/eoaiu yioaeueiee niaoaiey a iieiuo eioa?aaeao eiioeaio?aoeee.
Iieacaii, /oi iaaethaeaaony oi?ioaa niaeaniaaiea iaaeaeo
yenia?eiaioaeueiuie e ?ann/eoaiiuie cia/aieyie yioaeueiee niaoaiey a
eco/aiiuo iaeanoyo eiioeaio?aoeee. A enneaaeiaaiiuo aeaieiuo nenoaiao
iino?iaiu eiioeaio?aoeeiiiua caaeneiinoe (-ooieoeee ((=(I/x1(1-x1)).
Aeae yoeo e?eauo naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i nouanoaiaaiee a aeeaeeeo nieaaao
aeaieiuo nenoai Gd-Ga, Gd-Al, Gd-Si aeeaeiaai ii?yaeea oeia oeie/aneiai
niaaeeiaiey e i oaioe/aneii ?ani?aaeaeaiee aoiiia eiiiiiaioia ?anieaaia
nenoaiu Si-Ga. Onoaiiaeaii nouanoaiaaiea ei??aeyoeee iaaeaeo
yioaeueieyie niaoaiey a aeaieiuo ?anieaaao e niioaaonoaothueie
aeeaa?ai-iaie ninoiyiey. Iieacaii, /oi yeno?aiaeueiua cia/aiey
ioeeiiaiee io eaeaaeueiuo ?anoai?ia a aeeaeeeo nieaaao i?iyaeythony i?e
eiioeaio?aoeeyo, aaeece eioi?uo ia aeeaa?aiiao ninoiyiey nouanoaotho
onoie/eaua eioa?iaoaeee/aneea niaaeeiaiey.
I?iaaaeai niaianoiue aiaeec eiioeaio?aoeeiiiuo caaeneiinoae
eioaa?aeueiuo yioaeueiee niaoaiey a nenoaiao Gd-Al(Ge,Si)-Ga e oa?aeoa?a
oaciauo ?aaiiaanee a yoeo nenoaiao. Iieacaii, /oi ?acoeueoaou
eaei?eiao?e/aneiai e ?aioaaiianeiai enneaaeiaaiee ei??aee?otho iaaeaeo
niaie. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi oa?aeoa? iaaeaoiiiiai acaeiiaeaenoaey ai anao
enneaaeiaaiiuo o?ieiuo iaoaeee/aneeo nenoaiao ii?aaeaeyaony, a
iniiaiii, naienoaaie a?aie/iuo aeia?iuo nenoai.
Ia iniiaa i?eiaiaiiiai a ?aaioa eiiieaeniiai iiaeoiaea e eco/aieth
oa?aeoa?a iaaeaoiiiiai acaeiiaeaenoaey eiiiiiaioia onoaiiaeaii, /oi
o?ieiua nenoaiu Gd-Ge-Ga e Gd-Si-Ga iiaeiaiu iaaeaeo niaie. Nenoaia
Gd-Al-Ga ioee/aaony io ieo, /oi iiaeii iiynieoue ?acieoeae a oa?aeoa?a
iaaeaoiiiuo naycae a aethieieaaie e aa?iaieaaie (eee e?aiieaaie)
nenoaiao niioaaonoaaiii.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: aeeaa?aiia ninoiyiey, eioa?iaoaeeeaeu, oaciaua
?aaiiaaney, e?enoaeee/aneay no?oeoo?a, oa?iiaeeiaie/aneea naienoaa,
yioaeueiee niaoaiey.
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