2
Iaoe?iiaeueiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao
Aiaoneaanueeee Ieeiea Ieeieaeiae/
OAeE 634.21: 634.1/7.037: 631.57
Ainiiaea?nueei-a?ieia?/ia ioe?iea ni?o?a oa a?a?eae?a aa?eeine aeey
iaoi/ii-ian?ii?aeo ianaaeaeaiue
a oiiaao E?ninoaio Oe?a?ie
06.01.07 – ieiae?aieoeoai
Aaoi?aoa?ao
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe
Ee?a – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia a ?inoeooo? naae?aieoeoaa OAAI
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe,
i?ioani?, /eai-ei?ainiiaeaio OAAI
Iaeaeaao?a Aieiaeeie? ?ee?/,
?inoeooo naae?aieoeoaa OAAI,
caa?aeoaa/ eaai?aoi??? inai?iiy i?ne?a
oa iaeii?iaeoeoeaieo caiaeue
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe,
/eai-ei?aniiiaeaio AOIO
Eenaithe A?eoi? A?eai?iae/,
Iaoe?iiaeueiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao,
i?ioani? eaoaae?e naae?aieoeoaa
eaiaeeaeao n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo
iaoe
Neaei?/oe Ea?ena Aieiaeeie??aia,
Ie??anueeee ?inoeooo naae?aieoeoaa
?i. E.I. Neia?aiea OAAI, iaoeiaee
ni?a?ia?oiee a?aeae?eo e?noi/eiaeo
eoeueoo?
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Oiainueea n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueea aeaaeai?y,
I?i?noa?noai AIE Oe?a?ie, i. Oiaiue
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny ” 16 ” /a?aiy 1999 ?. i 14-00 aiaeei?
ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae26.004.04 a
Iaoe?iiaeueiiio aa?a?iiio oi?aa?neoao? ca aae?anith: 252041, i.Ee?a-41,
aoe. Aa?i?a iai?iie, 15, iaa/aeueiee ei?ion 3, aoaeeoi??y 65.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o a?ae?ioaoe? Iaoe?iiaeueiiai
aa?a?iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ca aae?anith: 252041, i.Ee?a-41, aoe. Aa?i?a
iai?iie, 11, iaa/aeueiee ei?ion 10, /eoaeueiee cae.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “ 14 ” o?aaiy 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Aaeaaaeei
A.O.
Caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Aa?eeina a?aeiineoueny aei aenieio?iaeaeieo
eoeueoo? ?c nia/ieie ieiaeaie, ia ye? caaaeaee ciaoiaeeoueny iieoiaoeue.
Ieiaee aa?eeine a?aecia/athoueny cia/iei ai?noii iaeoeiiaeo ?a/iaei
(0,2-1,3 a/100 a ne?i? ?a/iaeie), ui coiiaeth? ?o ?aae?ii?ioaeoi?i?
aeanoeaino?. 150-250 a ieiae?a caaeiaieueiythoue aeiaiao iio?aao
ethaeeie o ea?ioei? (i?ia?oai?i A), yeee iineeth? aino?ioo ci?o, ni?ey?
ii?iaeueiiio ?inoo i?aai?cio. Ii?yae c ieiaeaie oe?iiith ne?iaeiith ?
oa?/iaei i?iaeoeoii ? yae?i e?noi/ie nieiaeei- oa a??eiian?iieo ni?o?a.
Ie?y aa?eeiniaiai ian?iiy ca ye?noth iaaeeaeo?oueny aei ieeaeiai? –
na?oiaiai noaiaea?oo, ?? oni?oii aeei?enoiaothoue o iaaeeoeei?.
*a?ac noaeee iiieo, na?oiaa ae?iaieoeoai aa?eein?a c?inei ca inoaii?
aeaa aeanyoe??//y a?eueo ye o 1,5 ?ace, aeinyaioaoe a na?aaeei? 90-o
?ie?a 2 iei.o.
A Oe?a?i? ae?iaieoeoai aa?eein?a ia? aeoaea ianoaa?eueiee oa?aeoa?, ui
iia’ycaii ?c iecueeith aaeaioeai?noth ii?iaee aei oiia ae?iuoaaiiy. Oea,
cia/iith i??ith, coiiaeaii iaeaea iiaiith a?aenooi?noth
aeieia?/iino?eeeo i?aeuaiieo oi?i, cie?aia ian?ii?aeo. A i?aeoeoe?
?icnaaeieoeoaa aeei?enoiao?oueny noi?o ian?iiy ??cieo iiioeyoe?e, ui ia
a?aeiia?aea? aeiiaai na?oeo?eaoe?? naaeeaiiai iaoa??aeo.
Aeei?enoiaoaai? aeeei?ine? oi?ie, ye i?aaeei, iathoue iecueeo ye?noue
i’yeio?, ae??ai? ieiaee, oiio caeeaaeaiiy ieie i?iieneiaeo
iaoi/ii-ian?ii?aeo ianaaeaeaiue iaei aea?aeia.
Naeaeoe?iia?aie ?inoeoooo naae?aieoeoaa OAAI iai?aoeueiaaii aaaaoee
aaiioiiae aa?eeine – iiiaae 500 a?a?eae?a oa ni?o?a ??cii? neee ?inoo,
aaeaioeaiino? ? i?iaeoeoeaiino?, ui noai?eei aaciao iniiao
aeine?aeaeaiue.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie,oaiaie. Aeine?aeaeaiiy
aeeiioaaeeny ca oaiith 02.02.03 oaiaoe/iiai ieaio ?inoeoooo
naae?aieoeoaa “Aeae?eeoe ? aea/eoe ca ian?iaaith i?iaeoeoeai?noth,
ceiino?ee?noth, aaiaoe/ii aeaoa?i?iiaaiei no?eiaiei ?inoii oa ?ioeie
ainiiaea?nueei-aaaeeeaeie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie ian?ii?a? i?aeuaie,
ia?aaeaa/eoe ?o eeiiiaa ?iciiiaeaiiy aeey noai?aiiy iaoi/ieo
ianaaeaeaiue” oa oaiith 01.08. – “Oaeineiiaeeoe ni?oeiaio aa?eeine
oeyoii noai?aiiy iiaeo oa ?io?iaeoeoe?? ?nioth/eo ni?o?a c aenieith
ceiino?ee?noth ? a?iaeaei?noth iiiaae 180 oe/aa c aaeeeeie iiiaae 40 a
ieiaeaie aeia?eo niaeiaeo yeinoae oa i?eaeaoieo aeey ??cieo aeae?a
ia?a?iaee”.
Iaoa ? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaaea o
aeae?eaii? oi?i aa?eeine aeey iaoi/ii-ian?ii?aiai ianaaeaeaiiy, ye?
a?aecia/athoueny neaaei?ine?noth, aaeaioeai?noth ? aenieith
i?iaeoeoeai?noth iaoi/ieo aea?aa, ?aii?i ? ae?oaei?i i?i?inoaiiyi
ian?iiy, aeoeaiei ?inoii oa e?auei ?icaeoeii n?yioe?a, aenieith ye?noth
yae?a ian?ieie ? i’yeio? ieiae?a (ye aeiaeaoeiai? ne?iaeiii?
i?iaeoeoe??) ? caaacia/othoue aenieo aeiiii?/io aoaeoeai?noue
ae?iaieoeoaa ian?ii?aiai iaoa??aeo. Iaoa aecia/eea ianooii? caaaeaiiy
aeine?aeaeaiue:
– ioe?ieoe ? a?ae?a?aoe a ianaaeaeaii? e?au? oi?ie aa?eeine ca
aaee/eiith, nooiaiai ceiino?eeino?, no?ee?noth aei iii?e?aeueiiai ii?eo,
naiiie?aei?noth, o?iaeaei?noth oa ye?noth ieiae?a iaoi/iiai aea?aaa;
– aeae?eeoe oi?ie, ui a?aecia/athoueny ?aii?i ? ae?oaei?i i?i?inoaiiyi
oa aenieith noiae?noth ian?iiy, ?ioaineaiei aaaaoaoeaiei ?inoii oa
e?auei ?icaeoeii n?yioe?a;
– a?ae?a?aoe oi?ie, ui a?aecia/athoueny aenieei aeoiaeii yae?a ian?iiy,
i?aeaeuaiei caaaeueiei ai?noii o iueiio a?ee?a oa e?i?ae?a; anoaiiaeoe
aieea aeici?thaaiiy ieiae?a ia o?i?/iee neeaae yae?a;
– aecia/eoe aeiiii?/io aoaeoeai?noue ae?iaieoeoaa ian?ii?aiai iaoa??aeo
aeae?eaieo ian?ii?aeo oi?i.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a.
?iaioa caii/aoeiao? aeine?aeaeaiiy ii aeiai?o i?aeuaiieo oi?i aeey
iaoi/ii-ian?ii?aeo ianaaeaeaiue aa?eeine a cii? E?ninoaio Oe?a?ie.. Ia
iniia? iayaiiai aaiioiiaeo ?inoeoooo naae?aieoeoaa aeaii ioe?ieo
iaoi/ieo aea?aa, ian?ii?aiai iaoa??aeo oa n?yioe?a 19 oi?i; iieacaii
aieea oi?i ia iniaeeaino? i?i?inoaiiy oa noiae?noue ian?iiy, oi?ioaaiiy
ye?nieo iieaciee?a n?yioe?a; aeey i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino?
iaoi/ii-ian?ii?aeo ianaaeaeaiue ?aeiiaiaeo?oueny (ye aeiaeaoeiaee)
ne?iaeiiee iai?yiie aeei?enoaiiy ian?ii?aiai iaoa??aeo oa caeo/aiiy aei
?aae?caoe?? i’yeio? ieiae?a.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a.
Ca ?acoeueoaoaie aeine?aeaeaiue aeey caeeaaeaiiy o ?icnaaeieoeueeeo
ainiiaea?noaao iaoi/ii-ian?ii?aeo ianaaeaeaiue ?aeiiaiaeo?oueny oi?ia
Aa?aciye?anueea (eeii ia?niaeoeaiiai ni?oo), a oaeiae oi?ie 12180, 9931
oa 7491; iaa?oioiaaii aeioe?euei?noue aeei?enoaiiy nieiaeeiai yae?a
ian?iiy oa i’yeio? ieiae?a aeae?eaieo oi?i ye iia?/ii? ne?iaeie;
anoaiiaeaii, ui canoinoaaiiy i?neycae?aeueiiai aeici?thaaiiy
oaoi?/iic??eeo ieiae?a iie?auo? a?io?i?/iee neeaae yae?a ian?iiy.
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue i?ieoee ae?iaie/o ia?aa??eo o AeA “
Iiain?eee”
(a?aeae?eaiiy “Naiao?ee”) ?inoeoooo naae?aieoeoaa OAAI.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a.
Ioe?iea iaoi/ieo oi?i oa iaa?oiooaaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue
aeeiiaii caeiaoaa/ai iniaenoi.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue
aeiiia?aeaeeny ia can?aeaiiyo A/aii? ?aaee ?inoeoooo naae?aieoeoaa a
1995 oa 1996 ?ieao; ia ??? ?anioae?eainuee?e iaoeiai-oai?aoe/i?e
eiioa?aioe?? iieiaeeo a/aieo “I?iaeaie no/aniiai naae?aieoeoaa” 24-26
eenoiiaaea 1995 ?ieo; ia i?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? “?ioaineai?
oaoiieia?? a naae?aieoeoa?” 15-18 aa?aniy 1997 ?ieo.
Ioae?eaoe??. Ca oaiith aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 5 iaoeiaeo i?aoeue.
No?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, 6
?icae?e?a oa 15 aeiaeaoe?a. Iiaiee ianya aeena?oaoe?? – 181 noi??iea, c
ieo 23 noi??iee caeiathoue oaaeeoe?, 15 noi??iie – aeiaeaoee, 8
noi??iie – ?ethno?aoe?? , 19 noi??iie – nienie aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae (
213 iaeiaioaaiue) .
Iaoiaeeee oa oiiae i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue
Aeine?aeaeaiiy ca oaiith aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aeeiioaaee iaoiaeii
iieueiaeo, eaai?aoi?ieo oa aaaaoaoe?eieo aeine?ae?a a ?N OAAI o
1994-1997 ?ieao.
Aeine?ae 1. Ioe?ieoe ni?oe oa a?a?eaee (oi?ie) aa?eeine a ianaaeaeaii?.
I?aeuaii? oi?ie aa?eeine aeae?eyeeny c a?oie ni?o?a oa a?a?eae?a o
eieaeoe?eieo ianaaeaeaiiyo ii?iaee 1982, 1983, 1984 oa 1987 ?ie?a
naae?iiy. A?a?eaee oa ni?oe aa?eeine cauaieai? ia n?yioeyo eoeueoo?e.
Noaia naae?iiy aea?aa – 6 o 4 i. Eiio?ieue – ni?o *a?aiiiuieee
(i?aeuaiia oi?ia *a?aiiiuiea). Aeae?eai? oi?ie ioe?ithaaee ia iniia?
“Iaoiaeeee naeaeoeee e ni?oieco/aiey ieiaeiauo e yaiaeiuo
eoeueoo?”(I?/o??inuee, 1983), “Iaoiaeeee eco/aiey iiaeaiaa a ONN?”
(Ee?a, 1990), “I?aeoeeoia ii naeaeoeee e naiaiiaiaenoao iaiuiuo e
ieiaeiauo eoeueoo?” (I?ioi?ia ?.A., Iioaiia ?.N., 1988).
Aeine?ae 2. Ioe?ieoe oi?ie ca iin?aieie yeinoyie ian?iiy.
Ian?iiy i?aeuaiieo oi?i aeey ae?iuoaaiiy n?yioe?a caaioiaeyee a?ae
a?eueiiai caieeaiiy ? aiooaaee aei n?aae i?ae /an oieiaeii?
no?aoeo?eaoe??. Oieiaeio no?aoeo?eaoe?th i?iaiaeeee c ae?oai? iieiaeie
n?/iy (20-25.01), oiaoi ca 80-85 aei?a aei ia?an?/ii? aeaoe ii/aoeo
?aii?o iieueiaeo ?ia?o. I?aeaioiaeaia ian?iiy aen?aaee o aaaaoaoe?ei?
iinoaeeie.
O i?iieneiaee ?icnaaeiee ian?iiy aeae?eaieo oi?i aen?aaee ainaie (O
aeaeaaea aeiaoiy) c iiia?aaeiueith i?aeaioiaeith i?e oaie?e
no?aoeo?eaoe??(18-20i ). I?e ii??aiyii? aeine?aeieo aeaiieo
aeei?enoiaoaaee a?oiiao ioe?ieo.
E?euee?nia aecia/aiiy i?aiaio?a o eeno? n?yioe?a aeeiioaaee
niaeo?ioioiiao?e/ii, aeei?enoiaoth/e aeno?aeoe?th na?aeiai ?ineeiiiai
iaoa??aeo 96% aoeeiaei nie?oii (O?aoueyeia I.I. oa ?i., 1990). Ai?no
aoaeaoeth a eeno? aecia/aee iaoiaeii iie?iai icieaiiy a o?iiia?e noi?o?
ca Ae?eiaei (O?aoueyeia I.I. oa ?i., 1990).
Aeine?ae 3. Ioe?ieoe a?io?i?/iee neeaae yae?a ian?iiy caeaaeii a?ae
oi?ie.
Caaaeueiee ai?no a?eeo a yae?? ian?iiy aecia/aee ca iaoiaeii Eio??
(Lowry O. H., Posebrough N.F., Faarr A.L., Randall P.J., 1951);
caaaeueio e?euee?noue e?i?ae?a a yae?? anoaiiaethaaee aai?e?iiaei
?aaeoeaii (Chromi V., Kukla R., Maliwankowa A., Belusa J., Hornakowa A.,
1975 ); ai?no aetheice aeine?aeaeoaaee i?oioieo?aeeiiaei iaoiaeii
(Aiae???a A.TH., 1992). Aecia/aiiy aenoeioe?? caaa?aeaieo i?ia
aeeiioaaee ia niaeo?ioioiiao?? “Spekol-11”. E?euee?niee ai?no
aeine?aeaeaieo ?a/iaei ae?aaeaee a a ia 100 a nooi? ?a/iaeie.
Aeey ioe?iee a?io?i?/iiai neeaaeo i’yeio? aeae?eaieo oi?i ei?enooaaeeny
aeaieie a?aeae?eo oaoiieia?? caa??aaiiy oa ia?a?iaee ieiae?a oa ya?ae.
I?e ?ic?aooieao aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? ??ciia?/iiai aeei?enoaiiy
i?iaeoeoe?? ?aeiiaiaeiaaieo oi?i, aeei?enoiaoaaee oaoiieia?/io ea?oo
“Oaoiieiaee iaoaiece?iaaiiie caaioiaee naiyi ieiaeiauo eoeueoo?” (ca
?aae. Aiae???iea I.A., 1989). Noaoenoe/io ia?iaeo iaea?aeaieo aeaieo
i?iaiaeeee iaoiaeii aeenia?n?eiiai aiae?co ca A.I.Aeini?oiaei (1985) ?c
canoinoaaiiyi eiii’thoa?a ?AI ?NAO c aeei?enoaiiyi a?aeiia?aeieo i?ia?ai
I.I. Aoaeeea (1991).
Ee?iao i?noey i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue eiioeiaioaeueiee c
na?aaeiuei??/iith oaiia?aoo?ith iia?o?y 7-7,7i . Aaniethoiee i?i?ioi
oaiia?aoo?e aeinyaa? 34-39i. *enei aei?a c oaiia?aoo?ith aeua 10i a
na?aaeiueiio neeaaea? 160-170, a noia aoaeoeaieo oaiia?aoo? ca oeae
ia??iae a?ae 2656i aei 2879i. Ca aaaaoi??/ieie aeaieie e?euee?noue
iiaae?a ia?an?/ii noaiiaeoue 600-620 ii, c yeeo 340-410 ii aeiaaea? ca
ia??iae aaaaoaoe??. I?ioyaii aaaaoaoe?eiiai ia??iaeo a?eueoa e?euee?noue
iiaae?a i?eiaaea? ia /a?aaiue ? eeiaiue – 76-84 ii, iaioa – ia ea?oaiue,
aa?anaiue oa aeiaoaiue – 42-47 ii.
Aiae?c ee?iaoe/ieo oiia ca ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue iieacaa, ui
iaeni?eyoeea?oei aeey aa?eeine aoa ceiiaee e aaniyiee ia??iae 1995/1996
?.?., yeee oa?aeoa?ecoaaany aenieith oaieicaaacia/ai?noth ? iii??iith
e?euee?noth iiaae?a a ia??iae oea?o?iiy e caa’ycoaaiiy ieiae?a oa
a?aenooi?noth e?eoe/ieo oaiia?aoo?. Iani?eyoeeaeie aeyaeeeny oiiae
ia?acei?ae? a 1993/1994 ?.?. c e?eoe/ieie oaiia?aoo?aie a ia??iae
aeiooaiiai niieith aa?eeine oa oiiae oea?o?iiy e caa’ycoaaiiy ieiae?a o
1995 ?ioe? c iecueeith oaiia?aoo?ith iia?o?y ? iaaei??iith e?euee?noth
iiaae?a. Oiiae ia?acei?ae? e oea?o?iiy a 1996/1997 ?.?. a oe?eiio aoee
caaeia?eueieie aeey a?eueoino? oi?i, ui aea/aeeny.
A?oio aeine?aeieo ae?eyiie – n??ee ii?aecieaiee, a oa?? 0-60 ni
i?noeoue: i?o?aoiiai acioo – 11,6-22,9 ia N-NO3 ia ea a?oioo,
eoaeiia?ae?ie?ciaaiiai acioo – 6,81-7,23 ia/100 a, ?ooiiiai oinoi?o –
14,8-19,6 ia, iai?iiiai eae?th – 4-4,9 ia; ?I (nieueiaa) neeaaea? 4,6-5
iaeeieoeue, aieia?noue a?oioo – 10,7-13,8%.
Iniiaiee ci?no ?iaioe
IOe?IEA IAOI*IEO AeA?AA A?A?EAe?A OA NI?O?A
CA ?INOII ? ?ICAEOEII O IANAAeAEAII?
Ca niiniaii io?eiaiiy aeine?aeaeai? oi?ie ? a?a?eaeaie, ?io?iaeoeiaai?
oa i?noeaaiai iioiaeaeaiiy. O naaeo i?iyaeyeeny ?o ?iaeea?aeoaeuei?
iniaeeaino?, ui aeicaieeei ioe?ieoe ? a?ae?a?aoe e?au? aeey noai?aiiy
iaoi/ii-ian?ii?aeo ianaaeaeaiue.
Ca iieacieeaie a?iiao?e/ieo i?ii???a aea?aa aeae?eeeeny 3 a?oie oi?i:
neaaei?ine?, na?aaeiuei?ine? oa neeueii?ine?. Ia?an?/ii aea?aaa
neaaei?ineeo oi?i Aa?aciye?anueea, 7491, 12180, 13228 oa 13330 onooiaee
na?aaeiuei?ineei oi?iai ca aenioith ia 15,4%, ca ae?aiao?ii e?iie – ia
5,9%, ca ieiuath iiia?a/iiai ia?a??co ooaiao – ia 31,1%, a a?aeiia?aeii
neeueii?ineei -ia 31,2%, 22% oa 42,6%. Ca no?eiaii?noth ?inoo iaea?eueo
aeae?eeeany oi?ia 12180, o yei? aenioa aea?aaa o 10-oe ??/iiio a?oe?
neeaaea? 2,7 i, ae?aiao? e?iie – 2,6 i , ieiua ia?a??co ooaiaa – 60 ni2
, oiae? ye o – neeueii?ineeo oi?i 4613, 3747 oa 12591 oiai ae a?eo, oe?
iieacieee noaiiaeyoue – a?aeiia?aeii 4,7-5,4 i; 4,1-4,6 i oa 234-265
ni2.
Aecia/aiiy nooiaith i?aeia?caiiy e noaio aea?aa i?ney noai?i? ceie
1993/1994 ?.?. oa niinoa?aaeaiiy ca noaiii aea?aa o ianooii? aaaaoaoe??
aeicaieeee ioe?ieoe ceiino?ee?noue aeine?aeieo oi?i.
Aei na?aaeiueiceiino?eeeo, aai oaeeo ui iathoue cia/i? iioeiaeaeaiiy a
noai?? ceie (1,8-2 aaee), a?aeianaii oi?ie: *a?aiiiuiea, Iaieiinueea,
?io?iaeoeiaai? – Aia-yeoe, O??oio n?a??iee oa aeaye? a?a?eaei? oi?ie
(11132, 9931). Oe? oi?ie iiaeooue oni?oii ae?iuoaaoeny a cii?
aeine?aeaeaiue o?eueee ca oiiae ?aoaeueiiai aeiai?o i?e?icii oa
aa?ioaoi?/ieo i?eeii?a. Ceiino?ee?noue oanoe oi?i ioe?iaia, ye aeia?a
(Aa?aciye?anueea, 12180, 13330, 12591, 3747, 4613) ? iaei??? (10285a),
ye aeniea. Oa?aeoa?iith ?o iniaeea?noth ? iaioee nooi?iue i?aeia?caiiy
(aei 1 aaea) oa aeia?ee noai aea?aa a ia??iae aaaaoaoe??, ii??aiyii c
eiio?ieai (*a?aiiiuiea). Oe? oi?ie iaea?eueo aeioe?eueii ae?iuoaaoe a
cii? aeine?aeaeaiue oa aeei?enoiaoaaoe aeey naeaeoe?eii? ?iaioe. Oi?ie,
ui io?eiaee iecueeo ioe?ieo ceiino?eeino?, iaeii?eaeaoi? aeey
ae?iuoaaiiy a ?aeiiao E?ninoaio.
I?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue ia i?e?iaeiiio ?ioaeoe?eiiio, oii? aeaei
iiaeeea?noue ioe?ieoe oi?ie uiaei no?eeino? aei iaei??? c iaea?eueo
oeiaei/eiieo a?eaeiaeo oai?ia aa?eeine – iii?e?aeueiiai ii?eo.
Aeae?eeeiny 3 a?oie oi?i :
– /ooeea? oi?ie, ieiaee ? iaaiie yeeo cia/ii o?aaeothoueny ye o ?iee
iani?eyoeea? oae ? ni?eyoeea? aeey ?icaeoeo oai?iae (a?aeiia?aeii aei
1-1,5 aaea ? aei 2-3,5 aaea).;
– na?aaeiuei/ooeea? oi?ie, ye? a?aecia/athoueny iii?oii iaioei
iioeiaeaeaiiyi ieiae?a, i?ae /ooeea? oi?ie, iaeiae no?ee?noue iaaii?a o
ieo oaeiae iaaeniea;
– a?aeiinii no?ee? oi?ie, a?aecia/athoueny iii?oii iaioei iioeiaeaeaiiyi
? ieiae?a ? iaaii?a, i?ae o iiia?aaei?o a?oi, ui iniaeeai i?iyaey?oueny
a ?iee ni?eyoeea? aeey ?icaeoeo oai?iae. Aei ieo iaeaaeaoue
Aa?aciye?anueea, Iaieiinueea, 4657 oa 12180. Iioeiaeaeaiiy ieiae?a ?
iaaii?a a ?iee iani?eyoeea? aeey ?icaeoeo oai?iae ia ia?aaeuo? 0,5-1
aaea, a ni?eyoeea? – 1,5-2 aaea, ui cia/ii ieae/a ye o /ooeeaeo oi?i.
Iiai?noth oiea?aioieo aei iii?e?aeueiiai ii?eo oi?i ia aeyaeaii.
Aea/aiiy naiiie?aeiino? i?aeoaa?aeeei caeaaei?noue oeueiai iieacieea
a?ae aioai?ei-aaia?ao?/iiai iioiaeaeaiiy ni?oo (?a?iiaenueeee,
na?aaeiueiac?aonueeee) aai iaoa?einueeeo oi?i a?a?eaeo. Aenieith
naiiie?aei?noth a?aecia/aeeny oi?ie Iaieiinueea, O??oio n?a??iee, 13330,
12591 oa 7491 ?a?iiaenueeiai iioiaeaeaiiy, a yeeo i?e i?e?iaeiiio
naiicaieeaii? /enei caa’ycaieo ieiae?a noaiiaeei 80-168% a?ae a?eueiiai
caieeaiiy. An? oi?ie, a io?eiaii? yeeo a?aee o/anoue
na?aaeiueiac?aonuee? oa ??aii-eaaeacuee? aa?eeine aeyaeeeny
iecueeinaiiie?aeieie (10-18% caa’ycaieo ieiae?a aei a?eueiiai caieeaiiy)
oa naiinoa?eeueieie. I?ii?aeia iieiaeaiiy caeiyee /anoeiai naiiie?aei?
oi?ie (Aa?aciye?anueea, 4657, 12180), ye? iathoue ?a?iiaenueea
iioiaeaeaiiy, aea i?e naiicaieeaii? aiie caa’ycoaaee a 2,9-3,7 ?ace
iaioa ieiae?a, i?ae i?e a?eueiiio caieeaii? (27-35% aei a?eueiiai
caieeaiiy).
I?ioyaii 1994-1997 ?.?. a?aecia/aii 2 iao?iaeaeieo oa 2 o?iaeaeieo ?iee,
a oe?eiio ae ia?an?/ia o?iaeaei?noue oi?i neeaea 40,4 oe/aa, aai 9,3 ea
c aea?aaa. Aeae?eeeeny oi?ie c aenieith a?iaeaei?noth (iiiaae 60 oe/aa)
– Aa?aciye?anueea, O??oio n?a??iee, 12591, 9931, 13228, na?aaeiueith
(40-60 oe/aa), ieuana?aaeiueith (20-40 oe/aa) oa iecueeith ( aei 20
oe/aa). Aei iecueeio?iaeaeieo a?aeianaii oi?ie *a?aiiiuiea (eiio?ieue),
Iaieiinueea, 4657 oa 4613.
Ne?ae iniaeeai i?aee?aneeoe, ui oi?ie 3747, 12591 oa Aia-yeoe a
neeaaeieo ee?iaoe/ieo oiiaao ca 4 ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue aeaee 3 o?iaea?.
Aeyaeeiny, ui neaaei?ine? oi?ie, ye? a a?eueoino? a?aeianai? aei
na?aaeiueio?iaeaeieo o ?ic?aooieo ia iaeeieoeth ieiu?, a ia?a?aooieo ia
ieiuo iiia?a/iiai ia?a??co ooaiaa ? aenieio?iaeaeieie (7491, 12180,
13330), ui aeaco? ia iiaeeea?noue a?eueo u?eueieo noai ?o naae?iiy.
Ian?ii?aa i?iaeoeoeai?noue aeine?aeaeaieo oi?i, caeaaeaea a?ae ianiai?
a?iaeaeiino? oa ia?an?/ii? iane ieiaeo. Iaeaeuee aeo?ae e?noi/ie
a?aecia/aii a o?iaeaeieo, ae??aiiie?aeieo oi?i Aia-yeoe, 9931, aea?aeaey
A1 (682-1010 oo/aea?aaa). Na?aaeiuei- oa e?oiiiie?aei? oi?ie onooiaee
ae??aiiie?aeiei ca ian?ii?aith i?iaeoeoeai?noth, a iaeaeuee aeo?ae
e?noi/ie (470-620 oo) na?aae ieo oaeiae iaee aenieio?iaeaei? oi?ie
Aa?aciye?anueea, O??oio n?a??iee, 13228, oa 12591, oiae? ye o
iecueeio?iaeaeieo – *a?aiiiuiei?, Iaieiinueei? oa 4657, a?i ia
ia?aaeuoaaa 108-111 oo c aea?aaa.
Iniaeeai aa?iii?eiee niae ieiae?a aoa oa?aeoa?iee aeey oi?i
Iaieiinueea, 12591 (4,6-4,8 aaea), a oaeiae – Aa?aciye?anueea ,
*a?aiiiuiea oa 12180 (4,3-4,4 aaea), ui a?aecia/aeeny oaeiae ? ?o
e?oii?noth.
Ca noiith iieaciee?a ioe?iee iaoi/ieo aea?aa a ianaaeaeaii? aeae?eeeeny
oi?ie Aa?aciye?anueea, 12591, 7491, 9931 oa 12180 naeaeoe?? ?inoeoooo
naae?aieoeoaa OAAI (oaa. 1).
Oaaeeoey 1 – Ioe?iea iaoi/ieo aea?aa ni?o?a oa a?a?eae?a o ianaaeaeaii?,
aaee
Iieacieee ioe?iee aea?aa, a aaeao
OI?IE
Aaee-/eia
Ceiino?e-e?noueNo?e-e?noue aei iii?-
e?icoO?i-aeae-i?noue oe/aa
O?i-aeae-i?noue
a/ni 2
iioNoo-i?iue naiiie?ae-iino?Ian?i-i?aa i?iaeo-eoea-i?noue
Niae
iei-ae?a
Noia
aae?aAa?aciye?anueea4
4543334,330,31259114,4454434,830,21218054,4524314,429749143,3332523,2530
,6O??oio
n?a??iee13,3442533,525,8993133,8344233,7526,51333044233423,525,6Iaieiinu
eea 23,6511414,622,2*a?aiiiuiea /e/
23,3311214,317,9461314,6111213,2514,8
IOe?IEA IAN?IIss ??CIEO OI?I AeEss
AE?IAIEOeOAA N?ssIOe?A
Caeeaaeaiee o ian?iei?, ye i?aaiia? ?iciiiaeaiiy, aaiaoe/iee iioaioe?ae
? iniaeeaino? iaoi/ii? ?ineeie iicia/a?oueny ia i?ioiaeaeaii? iath
i?aeaioiaee aei i?i?inoaiiy, ae?oaeiino? iiyae noiae?a, aia?a?? ?inoo ?
?icaeoeo no?oeoo?ieo /anoei n?yioe?a. Oe? oa?aeoa?enoeee caaaeii ?
aecia/athoue ye?noue i?aeuaiiiai iaoa??aeo – aenioo ?ineei, oiaueio
ooaiaa, aeiaaeeio, iano ei?aiaai? nenoaie. Aaaeeeai, a?aeiaeoe e?au?
oi?ie, ui ii?aeiothoue oe? neeaaeia? yeino? n?yioe?a.
O aeine?aeaeaieo oi?i ii/aoie ooai?aiiy i?i?inoe?a i?eiaaeaa ia?an?/ii
ia 63 aeaiue oieiaeii? no?aoeo?eaoe??, Iae?ai?oa – ia 54 aeaiue –
ii/eiaei i?i?inoaoe ian?iiy ?yaeo oi?i – 13228, 10285a, Aa?aciye?anueea
,12180, 4613, A1, 3747, 13330, 7491.
Iaeei?iooo o?eaae?noue (ioaea iaeaeuo ae?oaei?noue) i?i?inoaiiy 50%
ian?iei (13-26 aei?a) iaee oi?ie Aa?aciye?anueea, 13228, 12180 oa 3747,
oiae? ye o ?aooe ?aiiueii?i?inoath/eo oi?i aiia noaiiaeea 30-50 ?
a?eueoa aei?a.
Caaaeyee ii?aeiaiith ?aiiueiai oa ae?oaeiueiai i?i?inoaiiy ian?iiy oi?ie
Aa?aciye?anueea, 13228, 12180 oa 3747 iaee iaeei?iooee no?aoeo?eaoe?eiee
ia??iae i?aeaioiaee ian?iiy (55-89 aei?a).
Oa?aeoa?iei ? oa, ui o an?o naiiie?aeieo oi?i, ca aeiyoeii Iaieiinueei?,
a?aecia/aii ?icoyaiooee ia??iae iaeeueiaoaaiiy oa i?i?inoaiiy ian?iiy.
Oae, yeui ii aeine?aeaeaieo oi?iao na?aaeiy eiai o?eaae?noue noaiiaeea
26 aei?a, oi o O??oioo n?a??iiai – 37; 12591 – 31; 7491 – 41; 13330
-iiiaae 50 aei?a. Oiio, ia aeiionoeii ci?ooaaoe ian?iiy oi?i ui iathoue
??ciee ia??iae eiai i?i?inoaiiy.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui ian?iiy ??cieo oi?i aa?eeine iiae?aii ?aaao? ia
oaiia?aoo?o ia?aaeiin?aii? i?aeaioiaee, oiio iaia? iio?aae aeiae?aoe
aeey eiaeii? oi?ie nai? oaiia?aoo?i? oiiae. Iaee?auo neeo (320-386
iaeeieoeue) ian?iiy aeine?aeaeaieo oi?i iaei i?e canoinoaaii? iecueeeo
iiceoeaieo oaiia?aoo? no?aoeo?eaoe?? (3i) (eiio?ieue).
Oaiie i?ioiaeaeaiiy ian?iiyi no?aoeo?eaoe?eiiai ia??iaeo aieeioee ia
no?iee n?aae oa aaee/eio eiai noiaeino?. Oi?ie, c ei?iooei
no?aoeo?eaoe?eiei ia??iaeii aen?aaeeny a a?eueo ?aii? no?iee aaniyieo
iieueiaeo ?ia?o, caaacia/oaaee a?eueo ?aii? noiaee oa ?noioii aeuo
noiae?noue ian?iiy, i?ae oi?ie c ?icoyaiooei ia??iaeii i?aeaioiaee aei
n?aae. Oae, yeui noiae?noue ian?iiy oi?i c ei?iooith o?eaae?noth
i?aeaioiaee ian?iiy aoea a iaaeao a?ae 71,5% (4613) aei 96,5% (12180),
oi o oi?i c o?eaaeei no?aoeo?eaoe?eiei ia??iaeii – a?ae 42% (Aioai?/ia)
aei 60,5%(12591). Iaee?auo noiae?noue (iiiaae 80%) ? ae?oaei?noue
i?i?inoaiiy iaei ian?iiy oi?i Aa?aciye?anueea, *a?aiiiuiea, 13228, 3747,
11132, 9931 oa 12180.
Ana ae a?eueo?noue aeine?aeaeaieo oi?i oa?aeoa?ecoaaeany aeineoue
aenieith noiae?noth (iiiaae 50-60%) ? o?eueee ie?ai? – aeoaea iecueeith.
C a?io?i?/ii? oi/ee ci?o cieaeaiiy yeino? ian?iiy ie?eieo eoeueoo?
niinoa??aa?oueny a ?acoeueoao? iia??oaiiy i?ioeano ia?aoai?aiiy aee?ieo
eeneio o aoaeaaiaee.
Aiae?ce iieacaee, ui caaaeueiee ai?no e?i?ae?a o iecueeinoiaei? oi?ie A3
ia 30-e aeaiue i?aeaioiaee ian?iiy ia?aaeuea a?aeiia?aeio aaee/eio o
iia?o?yiinooiio ian?ii? ia 4,9 a (aai ia 11%), a ia 45 aeaiue – ia 12,9
a (aai ia 28%), oiae? ye o aenieinoiaei? oi?ie A4, i?ioyaii anueiai
oa?i?io niinoa?aaeaiue (45 aei?a), caeeoaany ieae/ei aeo?aeii? aaee/eie
ia 4,5-8 a (aai ia 12-22%). Iaaani?, o n?i’yaeieyo oi?ie A4, a?aecia/aii
aaea?/? ieuee ai?no e?i?ae?a, i?ae o oi?ie A3 oa aeoeai?oa iaeiie/aiiy
aetheice a ?inoo/eo /anoeiao (ei??iaoeue, noaaaeueoea). A ?acoeueoao?,
ian?iiy oi?ie A3 iaei a??oo ye?noue, ui i?iyaeyeiny o a?eueo i?ciueiio
ooai?aii? noaaaeueoey, iaio?e aeiaaeei? ei??ioey (4,6 ni i?ioe 6,2 ni o
A4) oa a?eueo ye oaea?/? ieae/?e noiaeino?.
O n?yioe?a oi?i ?c o?eaaeei oa?i?iii i?aeaioiaee ian?iiy, a ii/aoeiaee
ia??iae ?inoo a?aecia/aeiny ?noioia a?aenoaaaiiy ca aenioith oa nooith
ianith iaaecaiii? /anoeie n?yioe?a, a?aeiinii oi?i c ei?iooith
o?eaae?noth no?aoeo?eaoe??. Oae, yeui a ? aeaeaae? /a?aiy aenioa
n?yioe?a Aa?aciye?anueei?, 13228, 4657, 4613, 10285a – ei?ioeiai
ia??iaeo no?aoeo?eaoe??, ia?aaeueea 20 ni, oi o oi?i 12591, Iaieiinueea,
O??oio n?a??iee – aeinyaea o?eueee 9-11 ni, ui iaeaea aaea?/? iaioa.
?ic?ea i?ae oi?iaie ca a?iiao?e/ieie iieacieeaie iaaecaiii? /anoeie
n?yioe?a iii?oii nei?i/oaaany ia /an e?oiueiai a?/eoaaiiy. Oea
iia’ycaii c oei, ui ??no n?yioe?a oi?i na?aaeiuei? oa ei?ioei?
o?eaaeino? no?aoeo?eaoe?? i?ioiaeea a?eueo ??aiii??ii i?ioyaii
/a?aiy-eeiiy, oiae? ye oi?ie c ?icoyaiooei no?aoeo?eaoe?eiei ia??iaeii
iia?euei?oa noa?ooaaee o ?ino? , aea ?ioaineai?oa ?inee a ia??iae aei
ii/aoeo ieoe??iaee (e?iaoeue eeiiy)(?en 1 ).
wmetafile8? ??Y%???R???????? ???????yyy?????????????
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?-???/???????????????????????????????AAA?AUeA?¦E??yu?? ¤?????y????y??
yy????y?y?y??yy?yyy????4?????5????’yy??????????
????yyy???? ???????’yy???
????yyy???? ???????????????’yy???
????yyy???? ???????????????’yy???
????yyy???? ????????????ue???????????-?
???u?????????”????-????
???????????????$?E1/2A?O?E???ue??aaa????-?
???
aaa??????????$?A?A?8?O?.?O?A????$?O?O?.?E.?EO?
???u??????????”????-?????????O????yyy????????A??
??c????U????w????i????‹?????????????‘
?????????Y????C?????????U????I????i????
a???????o???????
???+??????????1???S???E???g???
Y??????m???Oi?ie: 1- 13228; 2- 10285a;
3-Aa?aciye?anueea; 4-12180; 5-4613; 6- A1; 7- 7347; 8- 4657; 9-
ssne?aaa; 10- 7491; 11- *a?aiiiuiea; 12-11132; 13- 10377; 14- 12191; 15-
O??oio n?a??iee; 16- Iaieiinueea; 17- Aioai?/ia; 18- Aia-yeoe; 19-
13330.
Ae?aaeaio ? noaa?eueio ia?aaaao a aeeiai?oe? ?inoo aenioe iaaecaiii?
/anoeie n?yioe?a iaee oi?ie Aa?aciye?anueea, 4613, 4657, 13228 oa
10285a. Iacaai? oi?ie aeae?eyeeny ? ca aeeiai?eith ia?inoaiiy ieiu?
eenoy, caaaeueii? aeiaaeeie ei?ai?a ? nooi? a?iiane ?ineei (?en 2, 3).
Oae, ieiua eenoy n?yioe?a Aa?aciye?anueei? i?ioyaii ia??iaeo aeoeaiiai
?inoo ( /a?aaiue-eeiaiue) aoea noaei aeuith ia 21,5-61,8% a?ae
ia?an?/ii? ii oi?iai. Ia /an a?/eoaaiiy, ia?aaaaa e?aueo oi?i ca
caaaeueiith aeiaaeeiith ei?ai?a neeaaeaea a?ae 16,7% (4613) aei
29,1%(10285a) aei ia?an?/ii? aaee/eie (28,0 i). Ca iieacieeaie ?inoo ?
?icaeoeo n?yioe?a a?aecia/aeeny oaeiae oi?ie 9931, 7491, 12180, A1.
N?yioe? o?ueio oi?i – 3747, 13330 oa 10377 i?iyaeyee oaiaeaioe?th aei
neaaei?ineino?.
A i?ioean? ?inoo n?yioe?a o noo?e ian? ?o iaaecaiii? /anoeie iinooiiai
ca?eueooaaeany /anoea noaaae, a – ei?aiaai? nenoaie – iniiaieo ei?ai?a ?
a?aeiia?aeii, ciaiooaaeany aeiey eenoy ? ia?inoath/eo ei?ai?a. Oae, yeui
a ? aeaeaae? /a?aiy /anoea eenoy noaiiaeea 75,1%, a ia?inoath/eo ei?ai?a
– 45%, oi a ? aeaeaae? na?iiy aiia cieceeany aei 59% oa 27,6%
a?aeiia?aeii.
Ii/aoie a?/eoaaiiy n?yioe?a a?aecia/aany i?e c?inoaii? /anoee noaaea a
caaaeuei?e a?iian? aei 45-50%, ui ?ai?oa aeyaeaii o oi?i 13228, 10285a,
Aa?aciye?anueea, 4613, 3747 oa 4657. O oi?i c ieae/ith /anoeith noaaea ?
aeuith eenoy a?aecia/aeiny caoyaoaaiiy ii/aoeo a?/eoaaiiy, ui iia’ycaia
?c o?eaaeei ia??iaeii i?aeaioiaee ian?iiy oeeo oi?i oa ieae/ith
?ioaineai?noth ?o ?inoiaeo i?ioean?a o ia??iae iiyae noiae?a.
wmetafile8? ???????????? ???????yyy????????????
aey???
???/???????????????????????????????AAA?AUeA?¦E??
”””)))UUUMMMBBB999y|?yPPOe?“IiyiOeAEccOe©Oi?ie: 1- 13228;
2- 10285a; 3-Aa?aciye?anueea; 4-12180; 5-4613; 6- A1; 7- 7347; 8- 4657;
9- ssne?aaa; 10- 7491; 11- *a?aiiiuiea; 12-11132; 13- 10377; 14- 12191;
15- O??oio n?a??iee; 16- Iaieiinueea; 17- Aioai?/ia; 18- Aia-yeoe; 19-
13330.
A ? iie? ?icnaaeieea aeuo aonoioo noaiaea?oieo i?aeuai caaacia/oaaee
oi?ie c e?auith noiae?noth ian?iiy oa iaioith i?e?iaeiith caaeaaeeth
noiae?a. I?e ii?i? aen?ao 166,7 oen. ian?iei (205-247 ea/aa) oi?ie 7491
oa 13228 oi?ioaaee ia /an a?/eoaaiiy 106-111 oen.oo noaiaeaoieo
n?yioe?a, a oi?ie 4657, 12180 – 80-84,3 oen.oo, ui ??aiicia/ia aonoio?
naae?iiy i?e caeeaaeoe? ? iiey ?icnaaeieea n?yioeyie, ae?iuaieie a
oe?eoe?. Iaeiae, i?e aen?a? ian?iiy a ? iiea ?icnaaeieea ia ??e
nei?i/o?oueny no?ie ae?iuoaaiiy naaeaeaioe?a.
Aeyaeaii, ui ai?no aoaeaoeth a eeno? n?yioe?a o ??ci? ?iee ia? o?nio
caeaaei?noue a?ae oi?ie, a i?ney iiyae noiae?a iaea?eueo /?oei oea
i?iyaey?oueny o 15 oa 60 aeaiieo ?ineei. Aeuee ai?no aoaeaoeth (80-309
ia/aei2 ), a oeae ia??iae, oa?aeoa?iee aeey oi?i, ui oi?iothoue n?yioe?
c a?eueoith a?iianith ?ineei (Aa?aciye?anueea).
Ai?no i?aiaio?a a eeno? n?yioe?a oaeiae ia? caeaaei?noue a?ae oi?ie.
??cieoey i?ae ai?noii oei?io?e?a a oa a o oi?ie Aa?aciye?anueea oa
i?noeaai? aea?aeae? A1 noaiiaeea 17,3-21%, c ia?aaaaith a?eueo
?ioaineaii ?inoo/eo n?yioe?a ia?oi? oi?ie.
wmetafile8? ??“’?????????? ???????yyy????????????
?/???
???/???????????????????????????????AAA?AUeA?¦E??
”””)))UUUMMMBBB999y|?yPPOe?“IiyiOeAEccOe©Oi?ie: 1- 13228;
2- 10285a; 3-Aa?aciye?anueea; 4-12180; 5-4613; 6- A1; 7- 7347; 8- 4657;
9- ssne?aaa; 10- 7491; 11- *a?aiiiuiea; 12-11132; 13- 10377; 14- 12191;
15- O??oio n?a??iee; 16- Iaieiinueea; 17- Aioai?/ia; 18- Aia-yeoe; 19-
13330.
Ca noiith iieaciee?a ioe?iee ian?iiy ca iin?aieie yeinoyie aeae?eeeeny
oi?ie Aa?aciye?anueea, 4657, 4613, 13228, 10285a, a oaeiae 9931, 7491,
12180 oa A1 (oaa. 2).
Oaaeeoey 2 – Ioe?iea ian?iiy oi?i aa?eeine ca iin?aieie yeinoyie, aaee
?ioaineai?noue ia?inoaiiy o n?yioe?a
OI?IEO?eaa-
e?noue ? ae?oaei?noue i?i-?inoaiiy
ian?iiy
Noiae?-
noue
ian?iiy
aeni-oeoia-ue-ie ooai-aocaaaeue-ii? aeiaaee-ie ei-?ai?a
ieiu? eenoy
nooi? a?i-iane
Noia aae?a
Aa?aciye?anueea5555555354657454,75555533,74613454,74,74,74,75532,8132285
554,353,754,7532,810285a454,7555432,799314544,74,34,75531,77491453,743,3
553012180554,34,72,34,753,529,5A1453,74,344,253,7529*a?aiiiuiea453,34,33
,72,75326Iaieiinueea432,7311,5116,2
IOe?IEA IAN?IIss ??CIEO OI?I ssE NE?IAEIE
Aeey i?aeaeuaiiy aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? iaoi/ii-ian?ii?aeo
ianaaeaeaiue ne?ae ?aoe?iiaeuei?oa aeei?enoiaoaaoe ?o aeiaeaoeiao
i?iaeoeoe?th – i’yeioue ieiae?a oa yae?i ian?iiy. Ian?iiy aa?eeine
caoaa?aeaeaii aea?aeaaiith oa?iaeii??th ye aiaeia ieaaeaeth, a
nieiaeeiian?ii? oi?ie iiaeooue oni?oii aeei?enoiaoaaoeny ye neeaaeieee
eiiaeeoa?nueeeo ae?ia?a, aeey ae?iaieoeoaa ie??.
Iaea?eueoee aeo?ae yae?a a?aecia/aii o oi?i c oiieith oea?aeoiith –
Aia-yeoe (31,6%), 4613 (31,8%) oa A1 (33,2%), ui ia 3,9-5,5% a?eueoa ca
ia?an?/ia ii oi?iai.
I?ae ai?noii a?ee?a oa e?i?ae?a iii?/aia oaiaeaioe?y cai?ioii?
caeaaeiino? – oi?ie c aenieei (28,4-31,3 a/100 a nooi? ?a/iaeie) ai?noii
a?eeo, ye i?aaeei i?noeee ieae/o e?euee?noue e?i?ae?a – 38,4 -40,6 a, oa
iaaiaee – oi?ie c ieae/ith a?eeia?noth (22,7-27,4 a) iaee aeuo
e?i?aei?noue (42,3-51,4 a). Ca caaaeueiei ai?noii e?i?ae?a a yae??
ian?iiy aeae?eeeeny oi?ie Aa?aciye?anueea (50,4 a), 12180 (51,4 a) oa
Aia-yeoe (50,4 a), – a?ee?a – O??oio n?a??iee(31,4 a), 3747 (31,1 a),
9931(30,3 a), Aia-yeoe oa 13228 (30 a).
??aaiue aetheice caeaaeaa a?ae niaeo yae?a. O nieiaeeiian?iieo oi?i ??
i?noeeiny iaioa (9,1-29,5 ia), a a a??eiian?iieo – iii?oii a?eueoa
(43,2-85,9 ia).
E?euee?noue oinoi?o, caeaaeii a?ae oi?ie, neeaea a?ae 0,44-0,45 a
(Aa?aciye?anueea, A1) aei 0,6 a (3747), iaeiae ?noioieo a?aei?iiinoae ca
oeei iieacieeii ia aeyaeaii.
I?ioyaii 12 aei?a aei cae?aiiy ieiae?a i?ae caaaeueiei ai?noii a?ee?a ?
e?i?ae?a oaeiae i?iyaeyeany cai?ioia caeaaei?noue; yeui e?euee?noue
e?i?ae?a o ian?ii? Aa?aciye?anueei? c?inea ia 13,6%, oi – a?ee?a –
cieceeany ia 21%. Iiae?aia, aea iaio ae?aaeaia caeiiii??i?noue
a?aecia/aia ? aeey oi?ie 10377.
I/aaeaeii, iacaaa?oaii?noue i?ioean?a ooai?aiiy a?ee?a oa e?i?ae?a
ni?eyea oiio, ui i?neycae?aeueia aeici?thaaiiy oaoi?/iic??eeo ieiae?a
aieeaaei ia a?io?i?/iee neeaae yae?a. I?ney aeici?thaaiiy ieiae?a, ca
iane?aeeaie aiae?c?a, aeyaeaii c?inoaiiy caaaeueiiai ai?noo a?ee?a ia
23-42,3% caeaaeii a?ae oi?ie, a e?i?ae?a – ia 8-9,9% (a ii??aiyii? aei
yae?a ian?iiy aeae?eaiiai c ieiae?a oaoi?/ii? noeaeino?).
Ca ?acoeueoaoaie ioe?iee ian?iiy ye i?iieneiai? ne?iaeie aeae?eeeeny
nieiaeeiian?ii? oi?ie Aia-yeoe, 12591, 12180, O??oio n?a??iee, 9931 oa
Aa?aciye?anueea, oa a??eiian?ii? – 10285a, 7491 (oaa. 3).
Oaaeeoey 3 – Ioe?iea oi?i ca ii?oieiai-a?io?i?/ieie iieacieeaie
ian?iiy,aaee
OI?IE
Ai?no
yae?a
Aieia?noue i?e cae?aii?
Niae yae?a
Caaaeueiee ai?no a yae??
Noia
aae?aa?ee?ae?i?ae?aAia-yeoe5535523125915534521121804532519O??oion?a??iee
243551999315535119Aa?aciye?anueea433351810285a4313415*a?aiiiuiea
/e/1113410749131114104657111148
AEIIII?*IA AOAEOEAI?NOUe AE?IAIEOeOAA IAN?IIss I?E
??CIIA?*IIIO AEEI?ENOAII? I?IAeOEOe??
IAOI*II-IAN?II?AIAI IANAAeAEAIIss
Iniiaiith i?iaeoeoe??th iaoi/ii-ian?ii?aiai ianaaeaeaiiy ? ian?ii?aee
iaoa??ae. Ine?eueee, a?eueo?noue aeeei?ineeo oi?i aea?aeae?a iathoue
iecuee? niaeia? aeanoeaino? ieiae?a, c?ineo c iieiaeiai e?noi/eo, oi ?o
i’yeioue i?ney aeae?eaiiy ian?iiy iaei i?eaeaoia aei ?aae?caoe??. A
?acoeueoao? aeine?aeaeaiue a?ae?a?aii oi?ie ( Aa?aciye?anueea, 9931 oa
12180), ye? ii?aeiothoue aenie? iin?ai? yeino? ian?iiy c aeia?eie
niaeiaeie yeinoyie ieiae?a. Ian?iiy aeae?eaieo oi?i oaeiae i?eaeaoia
aeey ae?iaieoeoaa ie?? oa a?eea, aeei?enoaiiy a eiiaeeoa?nueeeo
ae?iaao, ui i?e iayaiino? aeinoaoiueiai caiano iin?aiiai ian?iiy iiaea
aooe aeiaeaoeiaei aeaea?aeii i?eaooeo.
?ic?aooiee aeiiii?/ieo iieaciee?a, aeyaeee aeioe?euei?noue ??ciia?/iiai
aeei?enoaiiy i?iaeoeoe?? iaoi/ii-ian?ii?aiai ianaaeaeaiiy.
I?e aeei?enoaii? oi?ie Aa?aciye?anueea aeo?aoe ia a?aeae?eaiiy i’yeio? ?
ian?iiy aoee aeaui aeu?, i?ae i?e canoinoaaii? aea?aeae? (oaa.4).
Iaeiae, Aa?aciye?anueea caaacia/oaaea aeuee aeo?ae ian?ii?aiai iaoa??aeo
oa oiaa?ii? i’yeio?. Caaaeyee e?au?e yeino? i’yeio? ?? oe?ia aoea aeua,
ye o aea?aeae? (a?aeiia?aeii 15 oa 6 eii/ea), ui caaacia/eei aeuee
i?eaooie a?ae ?aae?caoe??. Ian?ii?aee iaoa??ae oi?ie Aa?aciye?anueea (ye
ni?oiaee) oaeiae iaa aeuo oe?io ?aae?caoe??, ye o aea?aeae?
(a?aeiia?aeii 12 oa 12,5 a?i/ea). Aeuee i?eaooie a?ae ?aae?caoe??
i’yeio? o aeae?eaii? oi?ie Aa?aciye?anueea ni?eya iaio?e nia?aa?oino? ??
ian?iiy i?ae o aea?aeae? ( ia 1,34 a?i, aai ia 15,3%). Caaaeyee
ciaioaiith nia?aa?oino? ae?iuoaaiiy ian?iiy oi?ie Aa?aciye?anueea oa
aeaui aeu?e eiai ?aae?caoe?ei?e oe?i?, ?aioaaaeuei?noue ae?iaieoeoaa
ian?ii?aiai iaoa??aeo c?inea ia 68,9%, ui a?eueo ye o i?aoi?a ?aca aeua
ye o aea?aeae?.
AENIIAEE
?acoeueoaoe ioe?iee oi?i aa?eeine ye ian?ii?aeo i?aeuai aeey
iaoi/ii-ian?ii?aeo ianaaeaeaiue aeicaieythoue c?iaeoe ianooii? aeniiaee:
1. Ca eiiieaenii iieaciee?a aeae?eeeany oi?ia Aa?aciye?anueea, ui
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny a?aeiiniith no?ee?noth aei iii?e?aeueiiai ii?eo,
aeia?ith ceiino?ee?noth, /anoeiaith naiiie?aei?noth, a?aecia/a?oueny
neaaei?ine?noth, o?iaeaei?noth iaoi/iiai aea?aaa, aenieeie iin?aieie
yeinoyie ian?iiy, e?oii?noth oa aeia?eie niaeiaeie yeinoyie ?
a?io?i?/ieie iieacieeaie ieiae?a; aeaii iiceoeaio ioe?ieo oaeiae oi?iai
12180, 9931 oa 7491;
2. Oi?ie Aa?aciye?anueea, 12180, 13228 oa 3747 caaaeyee ii?aeiaiith
?aiiueiai ii/aoeo (41-46 aeaiue) oa ae?oaeiino? (13-25 aei?a)
i?i?inoaiiy ian?iiy aeae?eeeenue iaeei?iooei no?aoeo?eaoe?eiei ia??iaeii
eiai i?aeaioiaee (55-89 aei?a);
3. Aeyaeaii, ui a yae?? iecueeiye?niiai ian?iiy ia 30-45 aeaiue
no?aoeo?eaoe?? ??cei c?inoa? ai?no e?i?ae?a, ui noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny
ciaioaiiyi ai?noo aetheice, a – aenieiye?niiai – ai?no e?i?ae?a
cieaeo?oueny, a aetheice ca?eueoo?oueny; oey caeiiii??i?noue iiaea
aeei?enoiaoaaoeny aeey aeyaeaiiy oaeoi??a, ui aieeaathoue ia noiae?noue
ian?iiy aa?eeine (oi?ie, niiniae ia?aaeiin?aii? i?aeaioiaee oa ?i.);
4. Canoinoaaiiy a ?icnaaeieeo oi?i ?c ei?ioeei oa na?aaei?i ia??iaeii
no?aoeo?eaoe?? ian?iiy, ni?ey? a?eueo ?aii?e iiya? noiae?a, aeu?e
noiaeino? oa noai?th? caa?a o ?ino? oa ?icaeoeo iaaecaiii? /anoeie ?
ei?aiaai? nenoaie n?yioe?a, ia a?aei?io a?ae oi?i c o?eaaeei ia??iaeii
i?aeaioiaee ian?iiy;
5. Noaa?eueio ia?aaaao a ?ino? ye iaaecaiii? /anoeie, oae ? ei?aiaai?
nenoaie ? iaeiie/aii? nooi? a?iiane n?yioe?a iaee oi?ie Aa?aciye?anueea,
10285a , 4613 oa 4657. Aenieo ?ioaineai?noue ?inoiaeo i?ioean?a iaee
oaeiae n?yioe? oi?i 9931, 7491, 12180 oa 13228;
6. O aenieii?iaeoeoeaieo oi?i, a ia??iae aeoeaiiai ?inoo n?yioe?a
(/a?aaiue-eeiaiue), a?aecia/a?oueny a?eueo ?aii? c?inoaiiy /anoee
noaaae ? iniiaieo ei?ai?a a a?iian? n?yioe?a, a ciaioaiiy /anoee eenoy ?
ia?inoath/eo ei?ai?a, ui ni?ey? i?iaaaeaiith ?o a?/eoaaiiy o a?eueo
?aii? oa ni?eyoeea? aeey oeueiai aa?ii?eeiio no?iee;
7. Caaaeyee, aenieei ?icnaaeieoeueeei yeinoyi ian?iiy aeae?eaieo oi?i,
? aeioe?eueiith ?o n?aaa aaciina?aaeiuei a ?-oa iiea ?icnaaeieea
iaaaeeeith ii?iith aen?ao ( 166,7 oen. ian?iei, 205-246 ea/aa ), ui
caaacia/o? ia /an a?/eoaaiiy 80-111 oen.oo/aa noaiaea?oieo i?aeuai
caeaaeii a?ae oi?ie;
8. I?e aeei?enoaii? aeae?eaieo oi?i, aeiaeaoeiaith i?iaeoeoe??th
iaoi/ii-ian?ii?aeo ianaaeaeaiue iiaea aooe, e??i i’yeio? ieiae?a, yae?i
ian?ieie: nieiaeeiian?iieo oi?i Aa?aciye?anueea, 9931 oa 12180 – aeey
aeaioiaeaiiy oa?/iai? ie?? oa i?ioa?io ? aeiaeaoe?a aei eiiaeeoa?nueeeo
ae?ia?a, a??eiian?iii? oi?ie 7491- oaoi?/ii? ? oa?iaeieia?/ii? ie??;
9.Aeici?thaaiiy ieiae?a aa?eeine, c?a?aieo ca 4-5 aei?a aei iiaii?
noeaeino?, o neeaaenueeeo i?ei?uaiiyo, ni?ey? c?inoaiith caaaeueiiai
ai?noo iniiaieo iiaeeaieo ?a/iaei yae?a ian?ieie: a?eeo – ia 23-42,3%,
e?i?ae?a – ia 8,1-9,9% (o ii??aiyii? c yae?ii aeae?eaiei c ieiae?a
oaoi?/ii? noeaeino?);
10. Aeei?enoaiiy aeae?eaieo aenieii?iaeoeoeaieo oi?i, cie?aia
Aa?aciye?anueei?, ia o?eueee ca i?yiei ?icnaaeieoeueeei i?ecia/aiiyi, a
? aeiaeaoeiaei (?aae?caoe?y i’yeio? , yae?a) ? iaeiei ?c oeyo?a
cieaeaiiy nia?aa?oino? ae?iaieoeoaa ian?ii?aiai iaoa??aeo.
Oaaeeoey 4 – Aeiiii?/ia aoaeoeai?noue ae?iaieoeoaa ian?iiy i?e
??ciia?/iiio aeei?enoaii? i?iaeoeoe?? iaoi/ii-ian?ii?aiai ianaaeaeaiiy,
1997 ??e
Oi?iaO?iaeaei?-noue ieiae?a,
oe/aaAeo?ae i’yeio?, eaAeo?ae iia?o?yii-nooiai ian?iiy, eaAeo?ae
iia?o?yii-nooiai yae?a, eaNia?aa?o?noue ieiae?a,
a?i/oeiO?oaeii?noe?noue ae?iaieoeoaa ieiae?a, ethae.-aiae/oeAeo?aoe ia
a?aeae?eaiiy i’yeio?
a?iethae.-aiaeA1
(aea?aeaey)58,55000409,5-61,8526,5134,6147,3Aa?aciye?-anueea62,05300451,
7129,161,8558,0152,4167,3
Aeo?aoe ia a?aeae?eaiiy ian?iiy
Aeo?aoe ia ?aae?caoe?th i’yeio?
I?eao-oie a?ae
?aae?ca-
oe?? i’yeio?
Nia?aa?o?noue ian?iiy
O?oaeii?noe?noue ae?iaieoeoaa ian?iiy,
ethae.-aiae/ea
Oe?ia ?aae?caoe?? ian?iiy,
a?i/ea
??aaiue ?aioaaaeue-iino? ae?iaieoeoaa ian?iiy,
%a?iethae.-aiaea?iethae.-aiaea?ia?i/ea58,963,372,749,73008,741,6812,037,
366,971,487,252,57957,401,7612,568,9
Nienie iioae?eiaaieo i?aoeue
1. Iaeaeaao?a A.?., Aiaoneaanueeee I.I. Ioe?iea oi?i aa?eeine aeey
iaoi/ii-ian?ii?aiai ianaaeaeaiiy// Iaoo?ae?n.- ?3-4, 1998.- n.29-30
(ii?aoethaaiiy e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae, i?iaaaeaiiy iae?e?a, ocaaaeueiaiiy
aeine?aeieo aeaieo);
2. Iaeaeaao?a A.?., Aiaoneaanueeee I.I. Iai?yiee aeei?enoaiiy ian?iiy
aa?eeine//Naae?aieoeoai.- Ee?a: Aa?a?ia iaoea.- 1998.- aei.46.-
n.155-158 (aeeiiaiiy iae?e?a, aiae?oe/ieo ?ia?o, ocaaaeueiaiiy
aeine?aeieo aeaieo);
3. Ia?/aiei A.I., Aiaoneaanueeee I.I. I?noea aa?eeina ia ?eieo ieiae?a
o na?o? oa a Oe?a?i?//Naae?aieoeoai.- Ee?a:Aa?a?ia iaoea.- 1997.- aei.-
45.- n. 98-105 (ii?aoethaaiiy noaoenoe/ieo aeaieo).
4. Aiaoneaanueeee I.I. … Ia o?eueee ieiaeaie oe?iia aa?eeina. Aieea
i?neycae?aeueiiai aeici?thaaiiy ia o?i?/iee neeaae yae?a//Naae,
aeiia?aae ? aeii Oe?a?ie.- 1998.- ?10-12.- n.18-19.
5. Aiaoneaanueeee I.I. Aa?eeine ieiaeiiinyoue ? ia Iie?nn?. Aa?eeine
naeaeoe?? I.E.Aeaienthea//Ae?i, naae, ai?iae.- 1999.- ?4.- n. 36-37.
Aiioaoe??
Aiaoneaanueeee I.I. Ainiiaea?nueei-a?ieia?/ia ioe?iea ni?o?a oa
a?a?eae?a aa?eeine aeey iaoi/ii-ian?ii?aeo ianaaeaeaiue a oiiaao
E?ninoaio Oe?a?ie.-?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 06.01.07.-
ieiae?aieoeoai.- Iaoe?iiaeueiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao, Ee?a, 1999.
Aeena?oaoe?th i?enay/aii ieoaiiyi aeae?eaiiy oi?i aa?eeine c aaiioiiaeo
?inoeoooo naae?aieoeoaa OAAI, aeey noai?aiiy iaoi/ii-ian?ii?aeo
ianaaeaeaiue c ??ciia?/iei aeei?enoaiiy ae?iaeaii? a ieo i?iaeoeoe?? (
ian?ii?aee iaoa??ae, i’yeioue ieiae?a, yae?i e?noi/ie). Iieacaii,
a?aei?iiino? i?ae oi?iaie ca neeith ?inoo, ceiino?ee?noth, no?ee?noth
aei iii?e?aeueiiai ii?eo iaoi/ieo aea?aa, niaeiaeie aeanoeainoyie
ieiae?a, iin?aieie yeinoyie ian?iiy, ii?oieiai-a?io?i?/ieie iieacieeaie
yae?a ian?iiy.
Ca eiiieaenii iieaciee?a aeae?eaii oi?io Aa?aciye?anueea, ui
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny oe?iieie ainiiaea?nueei-a?ieia?/ieie iciaeaie
iaoi/ieo aea?aa, aenieeie ?icnaaeieoeueeeie yeinoyie ian?iiy,
ne?iaeiieie aeanoeainoyie yae?a. sse aenieii?iaeoeoeai? iiaeooue aooe
aeei?enoai? aeey noai?aiiy iaoi/ii-ian?ii?aeo ianaaeaeaiue oaeiae oi?ie
12180, 9931, 7491.
Anoaiiaeaii aieea oi?i ia ii/aoie ? ae?oaei?noue i?i?inoaiiy ian?iiy
i?ae /an no?aoeo?eaoe??, aaaaoaoeaiee ??no oa iaeiie/aiiy a?iiane
n?yioe?a. Aeyaeaii, ui oi?ie ?c ei?iooith o?eaae?noth no?aoeo?eaoe?eiiai
ia??iaeo ian?iiy a?aecia/athoueny aeuith ?ioaineai?noth ?inoo oa e?auei
?icaeoeii n?yioe?a. Aeyaeaia oaiaeaioe?y uiaei i?yii? caeaaeiino?
i?iaeoeoeaiino? n?yioe?a a?ae ai?noo aoaeaoeth oa oei?io?eo a ?o eeno?.
Aeey i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? iaoi/ii-ian?ii?aeo ianaaeaeaiue
cai?iiiiiaaii (ye aeiaeaoeiaee) ne?iaeiiee iai?yiie aeei?enoaiiy
ian?ii?aiai iaoa??aeo oa caeo/aiiy aei ?aae?caoe?? ia?a?iaiei
i?aei?e?inoaai i’yeio? ieiae?a a?ae?a?aieo oi?i. Aeey i?aeaeuaiiy yeino?
yae?a ?aeiiaiaeo?oueny aeici?thaaiiy ieiae?a, c?a?aieo o oaoi?/i?e
noeaeino?.
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue i?ieoee ae?iaie/o ia?aa??eo a iaoeia?e
onoaiia? ? i?iiiiothoueny aeey canoinoaaiiy a ?icnaaeieoeueeeo
ainiiaea?noaao, cie?aia i?e caeeaaeaii? ? aenieoaoaoe??
iaoi/ii-ian?ii?aeo ianaaeaeaiue, ae?iaieoeoa? i?aeuaiiiai iaoa??aeo.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: aa?eeina, i?aeuaie, oi?ie, i?i?inoaiiy ? noiae?noue
ian?iiy, n?yioe?, aaaaoaoeaiee ??no, nooa a?iiana, yae?i ian?iiy,
iaoi/ii-ian?ii?a? ianaaeaeaiiy.
Aiaoneaaneee I.I. Oicyenoaaiii-aeieiae/aneay ioeaiea ni?oia e oi?i
aa?eeina aeey iaoi/ii-naiaiiuo ianaaeaeaiee a oneiaeyo Eaninoaie
Oe?aeiu.- ?oeiienue.
Aeena?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa
naeuenueeioicyenoaaiiuo iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 06.01.07.-
ieiaeiaiaenoai.- Iaoeeiiaeueiue aa?a?iue oieaa?neoao, Eeaa, 1999.
Aeena?oaoeey iinayuaia aii?inai auaeaeaiey oi?i aa?eeina ec aaiioiiaea
Einoeoooa naaeiaiaenoa OAAI n oeaeueth nicaeaiey iaoi/ii-naiaiiuo
ianaaeaeaiee n ?aciinoi?iiiei eniieueciaaieai i?iecaaaeaiiie a ieo
i?iaeoeoeee (naiaiiie iaoa?eae, iyeioue ieiaeia, yae?i naiyi).
Iieacaii, ioee/ey iaaeaeo oi?iaie ca neeie ?inoa, ceiinoieeinoueth,
noieeinoueth e iiieeeaeueiiio iaeiao, o?iaeaeiinoueth iaoi/iuo
aea?aaueaa, aeoniauie ea/anoaaie ieiaeia, iinaaiuie ea/anoaaie naiyi,
ii?oieiai-aeioeie/aneeie iieacaoaeyie yae?a naiyi.
Iaeaieaa oia?aiiie neeie ?inoa aea?aaueaa ioee/aeenue oi?iu
Aa?aciyeeanea, 7491, 12180, 13228 e 13330, eioi?ua onooiaee aieaa
neeueii?ineui oi?iai ca aunioie aea?aaa ia 15,4-31,2%, aeeaiao?ii
e?iiu – ia 6-22%, ieiuaaeueth iiia?a/iiai na/aiey ooaiaa – ia
31,1-42,6%, a oaeaea ca i?e?inoii iiaaaia oaeeeiaiey.
Oi?iooth ioeaieo ceiinoieeinoe iieo/eee oi?iu Aa?aciyeeanea, 12180,
13330, 12591, 3747, 4613, 10285a, o eioi?uo ioia/aia iaiueoay noaiaiue
iiaeia?caiey (aei 1 aaea) e oi?ioaa ninoiyiea aea?aaueaa a ia?eiae
aaaaoaoeee, a n?aaiaiee n oi?iie *a?aiiiuiea.
Ioiineoaeueiie onoie/eainoueth e iiieeeaeueiiio iaeiao, ioee/aeenue
oi?iu Aa?aciyeeanea, Iaieiinea, 4657, 12180, o eioi?uo
iia?aaeaeaaiinoue ieiaeia e iiaaaia a aiaeu iaaeaaii?eyoiua aeey
?acaeoey aieacie ia i?aauoaao 0,5-1 aae, a aeaaii?eyoiua – 1,5-2 aaea.
Iiaeoaa?aeaeaia caaeneiinoue iieacaoaey naiiieiaeiinoe oi?i io eo
aioaieei-aaia?aoe/aneiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey. Aunieie noaiaiueth
naiiieiaeiinoe ioee/aeenue oi?iu Iaieiineay, O?eoio naaa?iue, 13330,
12591, 7491 aa?iiaeneiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey (/enei caaycaiuo ieiaeia
ninoaaeyei 80-168% io naiaiaeiiai iiueaiey).
Iaeaieueoee auoiae einoi/ae n aea?aaa ioia/aii o o?iaeaeiuo,
iaeeiieiaeiuo oi?i Aia-yeoe, 9931, A1 (680-1110 oo). N?aaeia- e
e?oiiiieiaeiua oi?iu onooiaee iaeeiieiaeiui ca naiaiiie
i?iaeoeoeaiinoueth, a iaeaieueoee auoiae einoi/ae (470-620 oo) n?aaee
ieo, oaeaea ioia/aii o aunieio?iaeaeiuo oi?i Aa?aciyeeanea, 13228,
12591.
Onoaiiaeaii, aeeyiea oi?i ia ia/aei e ae?oaeiinoue i?i?anoaiey naiyi ai
a?aiy no?aoeoeeaoeee, aaaaoaoeaiue ?ino e iaeiieaiea aeiianu nayioeaa.
Naiaia oi?i Aa?aciyeeanea, 13228, 12180 e 3747, oa?aeoa?ece?othony
?aiiei e ae?oaeiei i?i?anoaieai, aeaaiaea?y /aio, no?aoeoeoeeiiiue
ia?eiae eo iiaeaioiaee iaeaieaa e?aoeee (55-89 aeiae). Auyaeaii, /oi
oi?iu n aieaa e?aoeie aeeeoaeueiinoueth no?aoeoeeaoeee, ioee/athony
aunoae anoiaeanoueth, eioaineaiinoueth ?inoa e eo/oui ?acaeoeai
nayioeaa.
Au?aaeaiiia e noaaeeueiia i?aeiouanoai a aeeiaieea ?inoa iaaecaiiie e
ei?iaaie nenoaiu nayioeaa, eiaee oi?iu Aa?aciyeeanea, 4613, 4657,
13228, 10285a e ae?. Onoaiiaeaia, oaiaeaioeey i?yiie caaeneiinoe
i?iaeoeoeaiinoe nayioeaa io niaea?aeaiey oaea?iaea e oei?ioeea a
eenoueyo.
Aeaaiaea?y, aunieiio ea/anoao naiyi auaeaeaiuo oi?i, aoaeoeaai eo iinaa
iaiin?aaenoaaiii a 1 iiea ieoiiieea. N eniieueciaaieai iaeie ii?iu
aunaaa (166,7 oun.naiyi, 205-247 ea/aa) oaeie iinaa iicaieyao iieo/eoue
ei a?aiaie ieoee?iaee io 80 aei 110 oun. noaiaea?oiuo iiaeaiaa, a
caaeneiinoe io oi?iu, /oi onei?eo iieo/aiea naaeaioeaa.
Aeey iiauoaiey yoaeoeaiinoe iaoi/ii-naiaiiuo ianaaeaeaiee i?aaeeiaeaii
(eae aeiiieieoaeueiia) nu?ueaaia iai?aaeaiea eniieueciaaiey naiaiiiai
iaoa?eaea e ?aaeecaoeeth ia?a?aaaouaathuei i?aaei?eyoeyi iyeioe ieiaeia
ioia?aiiuo oi?i. Aeey iiauoaiey ea/anoaa yae?a naiaie ?aeiiaiaeoaony
aeica?eaaiea ieiaeia, nia?aiiuo a oaoie/aneie niaeinoe.
Ca eiiieaenii iieacaoaeae auaeaeaia oi?ia Aa?aciyeeanea, eioi?ay
oa?aeoa?ece?oaony oeaiiuie oicyenoaaiii-aeieiae/aneeie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie
eae iaoi/iuo aea?aaueaa, oae e aunieeie ieoiiieeiaiae/aneeie e
nu?ueaauie ea/anoaaie naiyi. Eae aunieii?iaeoeoeaiua, iiaoo auoue
eniieueciaaiu aeey nicaeaiey iaoi/ii-naiaiiuo ianaaeaeaiee oi?iu 12180,
9931 e 7491.
?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiee i?ioee i?iecaiaenoaaiioth i?iaa?eo a iao/iii
o/?aaeaeaiee e ?aeiiaiaeothony e eniieueciaaieth a ieoiiieeiaiae/aneeo
oicyenoaao, a /anoiinoe i?e nicaeaiee e yenieoaoaoeee iaoi/ii-naiaiiuo
ianaaeaeaiee, i?iecaiaenoaa iiaeaieiiai iaoa?eaea.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: aa?eein, oi?iu, i?i?anoaiea e anoiaeanoue naiyi,
nayioeu, aaaaoaoeaiue ?ino, nooay aeiiana, yae?i naiyi, iaoi/ii-naiaiiua
ianaaeaeaiey.
Boguslavs’kyi M.M. The economik and biological appreciation of the
apricot cultivars and hybrids for mother and seedling nurseries the
condition of Lisosteppe of Ukraine.- Manuscript.
The thesis for scientific degree of the candidate of agricultural
sciences, the speciality 06.01.07 – Fruit-growing.- The National
Agrarian University, Kyiv, 1999.
The paper is dedicated to the selection of the effective forms for the
apricot mother and seedling nurseries. The author has presented the
appreciation of the mother trees, seed material and seedling of 19
forms. The appreciation is based on the Institute of Horticulture
(UAAS) genetic fund. The influens of the forms on the seeds germinating
power and shooting and on the seedlings qualities formation. The author
recommendans to use the seed material and fruit flesh as (additional)
zaw material in order to increase the mother and seedling nurseries
efficiency.
The forms Bereznyakivs’ka is recommended for the mother and seedling
nurseries as that possessing all the necessary qualities. Besides, the
forms 12180, 9931 and 7491 may be used as well.
Key words: apricot, rootstocks, forms, the seed germinating power and
shooting, seedlings, vegetative growth, dry biomass, seed nucleus,
mother and seedling nurseries.
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