IAOe?IIAEUeIA AEAAeAI?ss IAOE OE?A?IE
?INOEOOO O?CEEE
AIEEI Ieaen?e Aaeaioeiiae/
OAeE 531.711:621.375.9
AENIA?EIAIOAEUeI? AeINE?AeAEAIIss ?ACIIAIN?A
IANE*AIIss AIOO??OIUeI?ACIIAOI?IIAI
IIAEEIAIIss A He(Ne/I2 EACA?AO C
AENIEI*ANOIOIITH IAEA*EITH
01.04.05 ( iioeea, eaca?ia o?ceea
AAOI?AOA?AO
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa o?ceei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoe
Ee?a ( 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia a eaai?aoi??? eaca?ii? niaeo?ineii?? a?aeae?eo
oioiaeoeaiino? ?inoeoooo o?ceee Iaoe?iiaeueii? Aeaaeai?? iaoe Oe?a?ie.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? o?ceei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoe,
noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee
ssOeAIEI Eaii?ae Iao?iae/,
?inoeooo o?ceee IAI Oe?a?ie,
i?ia?aeiee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:
aeieoi? o?ceei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
AI?U Aiaoie?e Ieaenaiae?iae/,
?inoeooo o?ceee IAI Oe?a?ie,
aieiaiee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee
aeieoi? o?ceei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
E?AA*AIEI A?eai Eineiiae/,
?inoeooo i?eeeaaeieo i?iaeai o?ceee ? a?io?ceee IAI Oe?a?ie, canooiiee
aee?aeoi?a
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa:
Ee?anueeee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea, ?aae?io?ce/iee oaeoeueoao,
eaoaae?a ?aae?io?ceee, I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 25. 11. 1999 ?. i 1430 aiae. ia
can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.159.01 i?e ?inoeooo? o?ceee IAI
Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith: 03650, Ee?a-39, i?ini. Iaoee, 46
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo o?ceee
IAI Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith: 03650, Ee?a-39, i?ini. Iaoee, 46
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee ‘‘ 25 ’’ aeiaoiy 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
eaiaeeaeao o?ceei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoe ?uoe A.A.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Aae?e-iaiiia? eaca?e, /anoioa yeeo noaa?e?ciaaia ca
?aciiainaie iane/aiiai iiaeeiaiiy o iieaeoey?iiio eiae?, oe?iei
aeei?enoiaothoueny a oi/ieo aei??thaaiiyo o no/ani?e o?ceoe? oa
oaoi?oe?. I?aeaeuaiee ?ioa?an aei oaeeo eaca??a coiiaeaii ?o
canoinoaaiiyi o iao?ieia?? aeey i?aeoe/ii? ?aae?caoe?? iaeeieoe?
aeiaaeeie — iao?a, aecia/aiiy yeiai ye oeyoo, ui i?ioiaeeoue na?oei o
aaeooi? ca 1/299792458 n, aoei i?eeiyoi o 1983 ?ioe? [1]. O 1997 ?ioe?
I?aeia?iaeiee Eii?oao c i?? oa aaae ?aeiiaiaeoaaa aeaaiaaeoeyoue
aoaeiiieo aeiaaeei oaeeue noaa?e?ciaaieo ca /anoioith eaca??a aeey
aeei?enoaiiy a iao?ieia?/i?e i?aeoeoe? i?e ?aae?caoe?? iaeeieoe?
aeiaaeeie [2]. Iaei??th c iaeaaaeeea?oeo ?c ieo aeey i?aeoe/iiai
aeei?enoaiiy ? aeiaaeeia oaee? He–Ne eaca?a ((=633 ii), noaa?e?ciaaiiai
ca eiiiiiaioaie iaaeoiiei? no?oeoo?e (ION) e?i?? iiaeeiaiiy R(127)
eieeaaeueii? nioae 11–5 aeaeo?iiiiai ia?aoiaeo B3(ou+(X1(g+ iieaeoee
127I2. Oea coiiaeaii oei, ui aeiaaeeia oaee? 633 ii iaeaaeeoue aei
aeaeeiiai ae?aiaciio, aea aeia?a ?ic?iaeaii caniae oa iaoiaee
?ioa?oa?iiao?e/ieo aei??thaaiue, a oaeiae i?inoioith, aeiaaia?/i?noth oa
iiaeeea?noth eaaei? ?aae?caoe?? oaeeo eaca??a o aaaaoueio eaai?aoi??yo
na?oo.
Ia nueiaiaei? ?iaioa iaae oaeineiiaeaiiyi He–Ne/127I2 eaca??a
i?iaeiaaeo?oueny ? aei ieoaiue i?aeaeuaiiy ?oi?o iao?ieia?/ieo
ia?aiao??a i?iyaey?oueny no?eeee ?ioa?an. Iniaeeai aaaeeeaeie ?
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ni?yiiaai? ia aeinyaiaiiy a?aie/ieo cia/aiue
noaa?eueiino? oa a?aeoai?thaaiino? /anoioe aei?ii?ithaaiiy oaeeo
eaca??a. Aeey i?aeaeuaiiy oeeo iao?ieia?/ieo ia?aiao??a iaiao?aeii
aeine?aeeoe iniiai? o?ce/i? i?ioeane a eaca?ao ?c
aioo??oiuei?aciiaoi?iei iae?i?eiei iiaeeiaiiyi, ye? aecia/athoue oi?io
?aciiain?a iane/aiiai iiaeeiaiiy. Oaeei /eiii, i?iaaaeai? o ?iaio?
aeine?aeaeaiiy ? aeooaeueieie, ine?eueee aiie ni?yiiaai? ia c’ynoaaiiy
i?e?iaee aneiao??? ?aciiain?a iane/aiiai iiaeeiaiiy, ui ? iaei??th c
iniiaieo i?e/ei, yea iaiaaeo? a?aeoai?thaai?noue /anoioe He–Ne/127I2
eaca??a [3], oa ia aea/aiiy iiaeo, a?eueo eiio?anoieo oa aoaeoeaieo
/anoioieo ?aia??a, ui aeei?enoiaothoueny aeey noaa?e?caoe?? /anoioe
aei?ii?ithaaiiy.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie oaiaie. ?iaioa i?iaiaeeeany a ?aieao i?iaeo?a
IAI Oe?a?ie (Aeeiai?ea eiaa?aioiiai eaca?iiai caoaeaeaiiy aoii?a ?
iieaeoe oa o?ceea aenieinoaa?eueieo eaca??a(, iiia? Aea?ae?a?no?aoe??
0198U002137, (Iae?i?ei? aoaeoe o aca?iiae?? eaca?iiai aei?ii?ithaaiiy c
aoiiaie oa iieaeoeaie oa o?ceea aocueeeo iioe/ieo ?aciiain?a(, iiia?
Aea?ae?a?no?aoe?? 0195U016823, i?iaeo?a Aea?aeaaiiai oiiaeo
ooiaeaiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue O4/365–97–24 oa O4/341–97–24 ? i?iaeoo
2I/1380–97 Aea?aeaaiiai eii?oaoo Oe?a?ie c ieoaiue iaoee ?
?ioaeaeooaeueii? aeaniino? (?ic?iaea iiaeo eaca?ieo nenoai oa ea?oth/eo
i?eno?i?a eaaioiai? aeaeo?ii?ee(.
Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. I?aeaeuaiiy noaa?eueiino? /anoioe
aei?ii?ithaaiiy He–Ne/127I2 eaca??a, c’ynoaaiiy o?ce/ieo i?e/ei
aneiao??? ?aciiain?a iane/aiiai iiaeeiaiiy, ?ic?iaea iiaeo iaoiae?a
io?eiaiiy aocueeeo ? aenieieiio?anoieo ?aciiain?a a He–Ne/127I2 eaca?ao
oa aeei?enoaiiy ?o aeey noaa?e?caoe?? /anoioe.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia ?iaioe iieyaa? a oiio, ui a i?e aia?oa:
Aenia?eiaioaeueii iaea?aeaii ?aciiaine iane/aiiai iiaeeiaiiy a
He–Ne/127I2 eaca?? c iaea/eith iiia?a/iei aeniei/anoioiei ?ic?yaeii ?
iieacaii, ui ?o aeei?enoaiiy ye /anoioieo ?aia??a aea? ciiao i?aeaeueoe
noaa?euei?noue /anoioe aei?ii?ithaaiiy iaeaea a o?noue ?ac?a ii??aiyii c
aiaeia?/iei eaca?ii c iaea/eith ?ic?yaeii noaeiai no?oio.
Aenia?eiaioaeueii aeine?aeaeaii aneiao??th ?aciiain?a iane/aiiai
iiaeeiaiiy eiaeo oeyoii aei??thaaiiy ? aiae?co iiaeoeyoe?eieo cnoa?a
/anoioe noaa?e?ciaaieo eaca??a o oe?ieiio ae?aiacii? aeaa?aoe?e /anoioe
(1,5–20 IAoe) ? iieacaii, ui aiia coiiaeaia ni?eueiith ae??th
e?iciiiae?aieo aeanoeainoae iiaeeiath/iai na?aaeiaeua oa i?oaeieo
c?oeiaiue iieaeoe iiaeeiath/iai aaco, ui noi?iaiaeaeothoueny ci?iith
oaeaeeino? ?oiueiai ?ooo.
Aenia?eiaioaeueii ?aae?ciaaii iaoiae niaeo?ineii?? iane/aii?
aioo??oiuei?aciiaoi?ii? oeoi?anoeaioe??. Iaea?aeaii ?aciiaine
?ioaineaiino? iane/aii? oeoi?anoeaioe?? aioo??oiuei?aciiaoi?iiai
iiaeeiath/iai aaco a He–Ne/127I2 eaca?ao ? iieacaii, ui ?oiy
eiio?anoi?noue ia ii?yaeie ia?aaeuo? eiio?anoi?noue ?aciiain?a
iane/aiiai iiaeeiaiiy.
Aeei?enoaii ?aciiaine ?ioaineaiino? iane/aii? oeoi?anoeaioe??
aioo??oiuei?aciiaoi?iiai iiaeeiath/iai aaco a He–Ne/127I2 eaca?ao aeey
noaa?e?caoe?? /anoioe ? iieacaii, ui e?iciiiae?ai? aeanoeaino?
iiaeeiath/iai na?aaeiaeua i?aeoe/ii ia aieeaathoue ia ?oith oi?io.
I?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? a oiio, ui:
Anoaiiaeaii, ui aeei?enoaiiy a /anoioiinoaa?e?ciaaieo He–Ne/127I2
eaca?ao iaea/ee iiia?a/iei aeniei/anoioiei ?ic?yaeii ?, ye iane?aeie,
cia/ia cieaeaiiy ??aiy aiie?ooaeieo ooi?a aeo?aeii? iiooaeiino? eaca?a
aea? ciiao cia/ii i?aeaeueoe noaa?euei?noue /anoioe aei?ii?ithaaiiy
ii??aiyii c eaca?aie c iaea/eith ?ic?yaeii noaeiai no?oio ca oiiae
aeei?enoaiiy oeo naieo eiaeieo eii??ie oa oeo naieo nenoai aaoiiaoe/iiai
i?aeno?ithaaiiy /anoioe a aiaeia?/ieo aenia?eiaioaeueieo oiiaao.
Ooi/iaiiy i?e?iaee aneiao??? ?aciiain?a iane/aiiai iiaeeiaiiy a
He–Ne/127I2 eaca?ao aea? ciiao ia/enethaaoe cnoae /anoioe aeey a?aeiieo
ia?aiao??a eaca?a ? a oaeee niin?a aecia/eoe oeyoe i?aeaeuaiiy
a?aeoai?thaaiino? /anoioe aei?ii?ithaaiiy noaa?e?ciaaiiai He–Ne/127I2
eaca?a.
Iieacaii, ui eiio?anoi?noue iae?i?eieo ?aciiain?a ?ioaineaiino?
oeoi?anoeaioe?? ia ii?yaeie ia?aaeuo? eiio?anoi?noue ?aciiain?a o
aeo?aei?e iiooaeiino? eaca?a, a e?iciiiae?ai? aeanoeaino? iiaeeiath/iai
na?aaeiaeua, ye? ? iaeiei c iniiaieo aeaea?ae aneiao??? ?aciiain?a
iane/aiiai iiaeeiaiiy, i?aeoe/ii ia aeathoue aianeo a aneiao??th
?aciiain?a ?ioaineaiino? oeoi?anoeaioe??. Aeei?enoaiiy inoaii?o ye
?aia??a aeey noaa?e?caoe?? /anoioe iiaea iaaeaoe iiaeeea?noue nooo?ai
i?aeaeueoe noaa?euei?noue oa a?aeoai?thaai?noue /anoioe ii??aiyii c
?nioth/eie He–Ne/127I2 eaca?aie.
Iniaenoee aianie aaoi?a iieyaa? a oaeineiiaeaii? aenia?eiaioaeueii?
onoaiiaee oa ?ic?iaoe? ? aeaioiaeaii? aeayeeo aoce?a iaeaaeiaiiy, ui
aeei?enoiaoaaeiny a aenia?eiaioao; i?aeaioiaoe? oa i?iaaaeaii?
aenia?eiaio?a; ia?iaoe? aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo; o/ano? o iaaiai?aii?
io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a oa o iaienaii? noaoae; aeiiia?aeyo ?acoeueoao?a
?iaioe ia eiioa?aioe?yo ? nai?ia?ao ??ciiai ??aiy.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aeiiia?aeaeenue ia
i?aenoieia?e iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? ?O IAI Oe?a?ie — 1999 ?.; aoee
i?aaenoaaeai? ia eiioa?aioe??, i?enay/ai?e 100-??//th APS, USA — 1999,
ia XXV? URS? General Assembly, Canada — 1999, X?V I?aeia?iaei?e
oeie?-nai?ia?? (Niaeo?ineii?y iieaeoe ? e?enoae?a(, Iaeana — 1999 ?.,
eiioa?aioe?? ?a?iiaenueeiai o?ce/iiai oiaa?enoaa EPS-11, London — 1999,
iaaiai?thaaeenue ia nai?ia?ao eaai?aoi??? eaca?ii? niaeo?ineii?? oa
a?aeae?eo oioiaeoeaiino? ?O IAI Oe?a?ie.
Ioae?eaoe??. Ii oai? aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 5 noaoae, ia?ae?e yeeo
aea?oueny iai?ee?ioe? aaoi?aoa?aoo.
No?oeoo?a oa ianya aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c anooio,
i’yoe ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a ? nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae, ui i?noeoue
91 iaeiaioaaiiy ia 13 noi??ieao. Iiaiee ianya aeena?oaoe?? neeaaea? 150
noi??iie, i?eaaaeaii 40 ?enoie?a (40 noi??iie) oa 4 oaaeeoe? (1
noi??iea).
CI?NO ?IAIOE
O anooi? iaa?oioiaaii aeooaeuei?noue i?iaaaeaieo a aeena?oaoe?ei?e
?iaio? aeine?aeaeaiue, iaa?oioiaaii aeioe?euei?noue aeei?enoaiiy a
aeine?aeaeoaaieo eaca?ao iaea/ee iiia?a/iei aeniei/anoioiei ?ic?yaeii,
aeiaaaeaii iaiao?aei?noue aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeine?aeaeaiue ?aciiain?a
?ioaineaiino? oeoi?anoeaioe??, noi?ioeueiaaii iaoo ?iaioe, aecia/aii
iaoeiao iiaecio ? i?aeoe/io oe?ii?noue ?iaioe, ie?aneaii ca’ycie ?iaioe
c iaoeiaeie oaiaie.
O ia?oiio ?icae?e? iaaaaeaii iaeyae aeei?enoaiiy aocueeeo iioe/ieo
?aciiain?a o eaca?ao c iae?i?eiei aioo??oiuei?aciiaoi?iei iiaeeiaiiyi
aeey noaa?e?caoe?? /anoioe aei?ii?ithaaiiy eaca??a, iienaii ooai?aiiy
ION a iieaeoey?iiio eiae?, c?iaeaii e?oa?aoo?iee iaeyae ?icaeoeo
aae?e-iaiiiaeo eaca??a, noaa?e?ciaaieo ca ?aciiainaie iane/aiiai
iiaeeiaiiy a iieaeoey?iiio eiae? ca 30 ?ie?a, iienaii ia?aaaae He–Ne
eaca??a c iaea/eith iiia?a/iei aeniei/anoioiei ?ic?yaeii, iaaaaeaii
iaeyae iiia?aaei?o aeine?aeaeaiue cnoa?a /anoioe noaa?e?ciaaieo
He–Ne/127I2 eaca??a.
O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? iaa?oioiaaii aea?? iai?yieo aeine?aeaeaiue,
ie?aneaii caaaeueio iaoiaeeeo i?iaaaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?eieo
aeine?aeaeaiue, iienaii i?eioeeie ae?? ? oa?aeoa?enoeee
aenia?eiaioaeueii? onoaiiaee, iaaaaeaii ioe?iee iioeaie aei??thaaiue.
O?ao?e ?icae?e i?enay/aii aenia?eiaioaeueiei aeine?aeaeaiiyi
noaa?eueiino? /anoioe aei?ii?ithaaiiy He–Ne/127I2 eaca??a c iaea/eith
iiia?a/iei aeniei/anoioiei ?ic?yaeii oa aneiao??? ?aciiain?a iane/aiiai
iiaeeiaiiy a aeo?aei?e iiooaeiino? eaca?a.
Aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy noaa?eueiino? /anoioe He–Ne/127I2
eaca??a (=633 ii c iaea/eith iiia?a/iei aeniei/anoioiei ?ic?yaeii
iieacaee, ui caaaeyee iiieaeaiiio ??aith ooi?a o oaeeo eaca?ao
noaa?euei?noue /anoioe ?oiueiai aei?ii?ithaaiiy a e?eueea ?ac?a aeua,
i?ae o eaca??a c iaea/eith noaeei no?oiii, ? neeaaea? i?eaeecii 5(10-13
aeey /ano ona?aaeiaiiy 100 n [1*,2*]. Oaeei /eiii, aeei?enoaiiy o
aenieinoaa?eueieo nenoaiao eaca??a c aeniei/anoioiith iaea/eith iiaea
aooe aei?aaaeaiei, ine?eueee aiaeia?/i? nenoaie c iaea/eith noaeei
no?oiii iathoue ieae/? iao?ieia?/i? ia?aiao?e.
I?eoaiaiia ?aciiainai iane/aiiai iiaeeiaiiy aneiao??y coiiaeth?
caeaaei?noue /anoioe aei?ii?ithaaiiy noaa?e?ciaaiiai eaca?a a?ae
aeaa?aoe?? D /anoioe (iiaeoeyoe?eiee cnoa). Ca aeaeyaeii oe???
caeaaeiino? iiaeia ?iaeoe aeniiaee i?i a?aeiinio ?ieue ??cieo aeaea?ae
aneiao??? ?aciiain?a. Iaea?eueo aaaeeeaeie c ieo ? iae?i?ei?
e?iciiiae?ai? aeanoeaino? iiaeeiath/iai aaco oa c?oeiaiiy iieaeoe
iiaeeiath/iai aaco, ye? noi?iaiaeaeothoueny ci?iith oaeaeeino?.
Aeey (e?iciaiai( iaoai?cio caeaaei?noue iiaeoeyoe?eiiai cnoao (( a?ae
aeaa?aoe?? D /anoioe o aeiaaeeo neaaei? aneiao??? iieno?oueny ae?acii:
(1)
aea (lens — ia?aiao?, ui a?aeia?aaea? ?ieue aoaeo?a i?inoi?iai?
iaiaeii??aeiino? ((lens
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