IAOe?IIAEUeIEE AAPAPIEE OI?AAPNEOAO
IOAePAE Ieaenaiaep Aaneeueiae/
OAeE 574:631.145
AEIEIAI*IA IOeIIEA IIIIAAOeIEIEO I?IOeANIA A AIE IIAeIEEss. –
03.00.16 — Aeieia?y
Aaoi?aoa?ao
Aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiyeaiaeeaeaoa
n?euenueeiainiiaeapnueeeo iaoe
Ee?a — 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia a Iinoeooo? aa?iaeieiai? oa aiioaoiieiai? OAAI.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? aaieiai-i?ia?aeia?/ieo iaoe A?eyanueeee
Aai?a?e Ieaen?eiae/, Iaoe?iiaeueiee aapapiee oi?aapneoao, i?ioani?
eaoaae?e aa?iaeieia??, aeaaeai?e OAAI.
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? n?euenueeiainiiaeapnueeeo iaoe Aoaeee
Ethaeieea ?aai?aia, ?inoeooo caoenoo ?ineei OAAI, caa?aeoaa/ eaai?aoi???
aiae?oe/ii? o?i?? ianoeoeeae?a.Eaiaeeaeao a?ieia?/ieo iaoe Ieanooi ?aai
Ieeieaeiae/, canooiiee aee?aeoi?a c iaoeiai? ?iaioe Oe?a?inueeiai
iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiai ? i?iaeoii-oaoiieia?/iiai ?inoeoooo “Aa?i?ano?ne”.
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Aea?aeaaia aa?iaeieia?/ia aeaaeai?y Oe?a?ie,
I?i?noa?noai AIE Oe?a?ie, i.AEeoiie?.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 8 aeiaoiy 1999?. i 10 aiae. ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.004.02 a Iaoe?iiaeueiiio aa?a?iiio
oi?aa?neoao? ca aae?anith: 252041, i.EE?A-41, aoe.Aa?i?a Iai?iie, 15,
iaa/aeueiee ei?ion ?3, aoae.65.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Iaoe?iiaeueiiai
aa?a?iiai oi?aa?neoaoo? ca aae?anith: 252041, i.EE?A-41, aoe.Aa?i?a
Iai?iie, 11, iaa/aeueiee ei?ion ?10
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 6 aa?aniy 1999?.
A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
Iaiaeaeoe A.?.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. ?nioth/a oaoiie?aoe/ia eiioeaioe?y ?icaeoeo
iaoe?iiaeueiiai
AIE, ye iaaeoi ?ano?nii?noea, aenoaineaia, iai?eionoeii aia?aicao?aoia
ia caaacia/o? ?aoe?iiaeueiiai i?e?iaeiei?enooaaiiy ?
aeieiai-aeiiii?/iiai
caaeainiaaiiai ?icaeoeo aa?ieaiaeoaoo?a, i?iaeiaaeo? ni?e/eiyoe iaae?iiy
i?iaeoeoeaiino? aa?inoa?e ? iiaeeaeaiiy aeieia?/ii? e?ece. Ia?ao?ae
a?ae oe??? eiioeaioe?? aei aaeaioeaieo ?ioaa?iaaieo nenoai aaaeaiiy
n?euenueeiai
ainiiaea?noaa, /?oei ci???ioiaaieo ia aoaeoeaia aeei?enoaiiy i?noeaaeo
i?e?iaeieo aa?iiii?/ieo ?ano?n?a, iio?aao? ii?aoethaaiiy e
cai?iaaaeaeaiiy
iaoiae?a eiiieaenii? aa?iaeieia?/ii? ioe?iee ye noaio aa?ieaiaeoaoo?a,
oae ? ??cieo oaoiieia?/ieo iiaeaeae ?o aenieoaoaoe??.
Aeieia?/ia ioe?iea ?iiiaaoe?eieo i?ioean?a a AIE Iiae?eey ? aaaeeeaeie,
aeooaeueieie iaoeiaeie iai?yiaie aeine?aeaeaiue, ye? iaoiiaeai? /anii
? iio?aaaie noaeiai ?icaeoeo.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Oaia
aeena?oaoe?eii?
?iaioe iia’ycaia c iaoeiai-oaoi?/iith i?iaeaiaoeeith ? iniiaieie
caaaeaiiyie ?inoeoooo aa?iaeieia?? oa a?ioaoiieia?? OAAI. Aeine?aeaeaiiy
i?iaiaeeeenue a 1995-1998??. a ?aieao iaoeiai? oaie: “Oai?aoe/ii
iaa?oiooaaoe
oa ?ic?iaeoe iiaeae? noaeiai ?icaeoeo aa?iaeieia?/ieo nenoai ia canaaeao
a?aeiiaethaaiiai caieaei?enooaaiiy oa aacia/iiai aeei?enoaiiy cania?a
o?i?caoe??” (¦ aea?aeaaii? ?a?no?aoe?? – 01 0196V 012979).
Iaoa oa caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue. Iaoith ?iaioe aoei aea/aiiy ? ioe?iea
?iiiaaoe?eieo i?ioean?a a AIE Iiae?eey, ?ic?iaea iaoiaeeee
aeine?aeaeaiiy
aieeao ??cieo oaoiiaaiieo oaeoi??a ia a?ii?iaeoeoeai?noue
aa?ieaiaeoaoo?a,
aecia/aiiy oeyo?a iie?auaiiy noaio aeiae?eey ca ?aooiie aeieia?/ieo
?iiiaaoe?e a aa?inoa??.
Aeey aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe ae??ooaaee oae? caaaeaiiy:
– eeaneo?eoaaoe ?iiiaaoe??, ni?yiiaai? ia iie?ioaiiy aeieia?/iiai
noaio aa?ieaiaeoaoo?a;
– aecia/eoe iniiai? e?eoa??? oa ioe?ieoe aeieia?/iee noai AIE Iiae?eey;
– ?ic?iaeoe iaoiaeeeo aa?iaeieia?/iiai iii?oi?eiao Iiae?eey;
– i?iaanoe aa?iaeieia?/iee iii?oi?eia A?iie//eie;
– aecia/eoe i??i?eoaoi? ?iiiaaoe?? aeey iie?ioaiiy aeieia?/iiai noaio
AIE A?iie//eie.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe iieyaa? a oiio, ui aea/aii
aieea ??cieo oaoiiaaiieo oaeoi??a ia i?iaeoeoeai?noue AIE, ?ic?iaeaii
oai?aoe/i? oa iaoiaeieia?/i? iniiae aeieia?/iiai iii?oi?eiao noaio
aa?ieaiaeoaoo?a, yeee aeeth/a? aeiiii?/io, aeioieneeieia?/io,
nioe?aeueio
oa ?iiiaaoe?eio neeaaeia?. ?ic?iaeaii eeaneo?eaoe?th ?iiiaaoe?e
Iiae?eey,
ni?yiiaaieo ia noai?aiiy aenieii?iaeoeoeaieo aeieia?/ii no?eeeo
aa?iaeinenoai ? aa?ieaiaeoaoo?a. Aeae?eaii 8 a?oi, a eiaei?e c yeeo
aecia/aii iaei??i?eoaoi?o?, i??i?eoaoi?, aea neeaaei? aeey
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy oa ?iiiaaoe?e ia
a?aeaeaeaio ia?niaeoeao.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy. I?iaaaeaii ioe?ieo aa?iaeieia?/iiai noaio AIE
Iiae?eey, cie?aia A?iie//eie. Neeaaeaii 14 aa?iaeieia?/ieo ea?o
A?iieoeueei?
iaeano?: caa?oaeiaiiy n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo oa?aeue aaaeeeie
iaoaeaie,
i?o?aoaie, ?aae?iaeoeaiiai, ianoeoeeaeiiai oa oaoiiaaiiiai
iaaaioaaeaiiy,
iaaaoeaiiai aieeao a?enueeiai-i?iieneiaiai eiiieaeno oa iiaooiaeo
a?aeoiae?a. Aeae?eaii ciie aeieia?/iiai ?eceeo, ui ni?aiaaeathoue c
ciiaie
iaeneiaeueiiai caoai?thaaiiy ianaeaiiy ? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo
oaa?ei
oa aeieia?/ii aacia/i? ciie aeey ae?iuoaaiiy ye?nieo i?iaeoeo?a
aeeoy/iai
? ae??oe/iiai oa?/oaaiiy oa e?ea?nueei? ne?iaeie. Cai?iiiiiaaii aei
aeei?enoaiiy aeueoa?iaoeai? aeaea?aea aia?a?? (a?iaacia?-,
a?o?iaia?aaoe/i?-,
a?ae?iaia?aaoe/i?-, aae?ionoaiiaee, ae?iuoaaiiy ?aino) a
?aeiiaiaeiaaieo
i?noeyo, ca?eueoeaoe ?o /anoeo aei 10% oa aeae?eaii ?aeiiaiaeiaai?
caiia?aei?
ia’?eoe aeey ca?eueoaiiy i?e?iaeii-caiia?aeiiai oiiaeo A?iie//eie.
Io?eiai? aeai? iiaeia aeei?enoaoe: i?e ?icai?oaii? ? aaeineiiaeaii?
nenoaie aa?iaeieia?/iiai iii?oi?eiao; i?e i?aai?caoe?? nenoaie
aeieia?/iiai
aoaeeoo c iaoith eiio?ieth ?aoe?iiaeueiiai i?e?iaeiei?enooaaiiy a
aa?a?iiio
ae?iaieoeoa?; i?e ?ic?iaeaii? oa ?aae?caoe?? ei?ioeino?ieiaeo ?
aeiaaino?ieiaeo
eieaeueieo ? ?aa?iiaeueieo i?ia?ai aeey a?ae?iaeaeaiiy n?eueainioa?aeue,
e?n?a, iaeeo ??/ie, cae?eniaiiy aeieia?/ii aacia/iiai ae?iaieoeoaa
AIE; i?e oi?ioaaii? iioeiaeueieo ni?aa?aeiioaiue i?ae aeaiaioaie
aa?ieaiaeoaooo
(i?ieie, e?niaeie, eo/ieie, aiaeieie oa?aeaeyie oa i?e?iaeii-caiia?aeiei
oiiaeii);
– i?e aeae?eaii? cii aeey ae?iuoaaiiy ye?nieo i?iaeoeo?a aeeoy/iai e
ae??oe/iiai oa?/oaaiiy oa e?ea?nueei? ne?iaeie.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. ?ic?iaeaii noaio eeaneo?eaoe?? aeieia?/ieo
?iiiaaoe?e aa?ii?iieneiaiai eiiieaeno Iiae?eey, cai?iiiiiaaii iniiai?
e?eoa??? ioe?iee no/aniiai aa?iaeieia?/iiai noaio oa?eoi??? iaeano?,
(?ic?iaeaii aa?iaeieia?/i? ea?oe, aaciina?aaeiuei aaoi?ii – 14 ea?o)
, aecia/aii iaea?eueo ia?niaeoeai? ?iiiaaoe?? aeey aa?a?iiai
ae?iaieoeoaa,
aecia/aii iniiai? iai?yie ? oeyoe aeey noaeiai ?icaeoeo.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe
aeiiia?aeaeeny ? iaaiai?thaaeeny ia iaoeiaeo nai?ia?ao oa
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ieo
eiioa?aioe?yo aeiiii?/iiai oaeoeueoaoo Ee?anueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i.
O.Oaa/aiea (Ee?a, 1996,1997); A?iieoeueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai
?inoeoooo (A?iieoey, 1997,1998); A?iieoeueeiai ?aa?iiaeueiiai
a?aeae?eaiiy
Aea?ae?iiioiiaeo Oe?a?ie (1997, 1998); ?inoeoooo aa?iaeieia?? oa
a?ioaoiieia??
OAAI (Ee?a, 1999); ia Anaoe?a?inuee?e eiioa?aioe?? “Iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?
i?iaeaie ?iaanoeoe?eii? oa ?iiiaaoe?eii? iie?oeee aea?aeaae” (Ee?a,
1997).
Ioae?eaoe??. Ca iaoa??aeaie aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 12 iaoeiaeo
i?aoeue.
No?oeoo?a oa ianya aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa aeeeaaeaia
ia 154 noi??ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo ? neeaaea?oueny c anooio, o?ueio
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae ? 3 aeiaeaoe?a.
?iaioa
?ethno?iaaia 10 oaaeeoeyie, 8 ?enoieaie oa 14 ea?oaie. Ia?ae?e
e?oa?aoo?ieo
aeaea?ae ioiieth? 211 iaeiaioaaiue, a oiio /ene? 24 ?iicaiieo aaoi?e.
Aeneiaethth ue?o iiaeyeo aeieoi?o n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe,
aeaaeai?eo
IAIO ? OAAI Nic?iiao Ieaen?th Ieaen?eiae/o, aeieoi?o aaia?ao?/ieo
iaoe, aeioeaioo Aeaieneeo A?eai??th ?aaiiae/o ca eiinoeueoaoe?? e
aeiiiiiao
a caaa?oaii? ?iaioe oa i?aeaioiaoe? ?? aei caoenoo.
Iaoa??aee oa iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy. ?ioi?iaoe?eiith aacith
aeine?aeaeaiue
iineoaeeee a?ae?a?ai? ? ii?aoeueiaai? iaoa??aee oa ca?oe Aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aae?iiy aeieia?/ii? aaciaee o A?iieoeuee?e iaeano?, iaeaniiai
noaoenoe/iiai
oi?aae?iiy; iaeaniiai oi?aae?iiy n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa oa
i?iaeiaieuenoaa;
caiaeueiiai oiiaeo o A?iieoeuee?e iaeano?; A?iieoeueeiai ?aa?iiaeueiiai
a?aeae?eaiiy Aea?ae?iiioiiaeo Oe?a?ie; iaeaniiai oi?aae?iiy aaoa?eia?ii?
iaaeeoeeie oa aea?aeaaii? aaoa?eia?ii? ?iniaeoe??, AO “A?iieoeyi’yni”,
AAO “A?iieoeyiieiei”, AO “A?iieoeyoe?a”, AI “A?iieoeyioaoii?ii”,
A?iieoeueeiai
oeaio?o a?ae?iiaoai?ieia?? oa ee?iaoieia??. Oai?aoe/iith aacith
aeine?aeaeaiue
iineoaeeee iaoeia? iaoa??aee ?inoeoooo aa?a?ii? aeiiii?ee OAAI,
?inoeoooo aa?iaeieia?? oa a?ioaoiieia?? OAAI, A?iieoeueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai
?inoeoooo, Oeaaeiai-Etheeiaoeueei? aeine?aeii? naeaeoe?eii? noaioe??
?inoeoooo
oeoe?iaeo ao?ye?a OAAI, iaeanii? e?ea?i? ?i. I.Ie?iaiaa oa ?io?.
E??i oiai aaoi?ii ianoaaeaii 25 oi/ie, iia’ycaieo ?c caieaei?enooaaiiyi,
i?iaiae?ciaaii aeecueei 80 ea?o, noai ? oaaeeoeue aeieia?/iiai ci?noo,
i?iaaaeaii aeieia?/iee iii?oi?eia aa?ieaiaeoaoo?a A?iie//eie (cie?aia,
a 1991 ?ioe? aaoi? a?aa o/anoue o aeine?aeaeaii? aa?inoa?e, iia’ycaii?
c ?aae?aoe?eiei caa?oaeiaiiyi), aaeineiiaeaia iaoiaeeea ae?aaiinoeee
ooaa?eoeueico
aaeeei? ?iaaoi? ooaeiae. Aeey aecia/aiiy noaio aeiae?eey a ?iaio?
aeei?enoiaoaaeenue
iaoiaee: niinoa?aaeaiue, ianoaaeaiue, ia?iaee, nenoaiaoecaoe??, aiae?co
ii/eiath/e a?ae eiioaeoieo (iieueiaeo, iaoai?/ieo, o?i?/ieo, o?ce/ieo,
a?ieia?/ieo) ? cae?i/oth/e aaceiioaeoieie (aeenoaioe?eia aa?i-,
oioiceiiea)
. Oaeiae aeei?enoiaoaaeenue aeieia?/i?: ??aaiue caa?oaeiaiiy
?aae?iioee?aeaie,
aaaeeeie iaoaeaie, ianoeoeeaeaie, i?o?aoaie, iaooii?iaeoeoaie,
aeei?enoaiiy
aai?ioi?iaoe?eieo nenoai; nioe?aeuei?: noaoenoe/i?, iaoiaee iieooaaiiy,
aieaooaaiiy, aiae?co noaio o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a, oiia ?o i?iaeeaaiiy,
i?aoeacaeaoiino?; oaoiieia?/i?: e?oa?aoo?iee iaeyae, aiae?c oaoi?/ii?
aeieoiaioaoe??, ianii?o?a, a?ao?e?a ? ieai?a aeei?enoaiiy
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei?
oaoi?ee, ?? ye?nii? ? e?euee?nii? oa?aeoa?enoeee oiui. Aiae?c io?eiaii?
?ioi?iaoe?? i?iaiaeeany noaoenoe/iei oa iaoaiaoe/iei iaoiaeaie, a oaeiae
iaoiaeii iiaeaethaaiiy. Ea?oe-noaie ?ic?iaeaii ia IAII a i?ia?ai?
“Photoshop”,
aeeipenoai? iaoiaee A?N.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
1. IAEssAe E?OA?AOO?IEO AeAEA?AE
Ia iniia? aiae?co ocaaaeueiaiiy aeaieo e?oa?aoo?e aena?oeai? iniaeeaino?
no/anieo ?iiiaaoe?eieo i?ioean?a a AIE na?oo, Oe?a?ie, aecia/ai? iniiai?
oeyoe ?o iioei?caoe?? oa iieacaia aeieiai-aeiiii?/ia ?ieue o ?icaeoeo
aa?ii?iieneiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa. I?iaiae?ciaaii ca?oa?aeiee aeina?ae
aa?a?ii?
iie?oeee aeiiii?/ii ?icaeiaieo e?a?i, e?a?i ?N oa i??i?eoaoi? iai?yie
eiai ?icaeoeo.
2. IAOIAeEEA AEIEIA?*II° IOe?IEE AIE IIAe?EEss
2.1. Eeaneo?eaoe?y ?iiiaaoe?eieo i?ioean?a
?ic?iaeaii eeaneo?eaoe?th aeieia?/ieo ?iiiaaoe?e a AIE Iiae?eey, ye?
ni?yiiaai? ia ciaioaiiy aio?iiiaaiiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy a aa?inoa??
e noai?aii? noaeeo aa?iaeinenoai. Aeae?eaii 8 oei?a: a nenoai?
i?aai?caoe??
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa(1); a n?euenueeiio ainiiaea?noa?
(ie?aii – a ?ineeiieoeoa? ? oaa?eiieoeoa?(2); a nenoai? ?ioi?iaoe?eiiai
caaacia/aiiy(3); a aaeoc? caa?aaeaiiy, ia?a?iaee ? caooo
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei?
i?iaeoeoe??(4); a aaeoc? ooee?caoe?? a?aeoiae?a aa?ii?iieneiaiai
ae?iaieoeoaa(5)
; a nenoai? aeiiii?/ieo(6) e aia?aaoe/ieo(7) caoiae?a caa?aaeaiiy
aeiae?eey a aa?a?iiio ae?iaieoeoa? Iiae?eey oa a nioe?inoa??(8). Oe?
oeie ?iiiaaoe?e ?icae?eai? ia iaei??i?eoai?o?, i??i?eoaoi?, aea neeaaei?
aeey ai?iaaaeaeaiiy oa ia a?aeaeaeaio ia?niaeoeao. Aiie ioiieththoue
a?ey
noa iiaeo oi?i ? iaoiae?a n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?thaaiiy, iieeeeaieo aeey
noai?aiiy aenieii?iaeoeoeaieo aeieia?/ii no?eeeo aa?iaeinenoai e
aa?ieaiaeoaoo?a oa caaacia/aiiy ianaeaiiy ye?nieie i?iaeoeoaie
oa?/oaaiiy.
Iaeia?niaeoeai?oeie (c oi/ee ci?o e e?eueeino? iiaiaaaaeaiue oa
iiaeeeainoae
?o ?aae?caoe?e) a iaeaeeae/ee /an aeey Iiae?eey iiaee a noaoe
?iiiaaoe??
a noa?? ?ineeiieoeoaa (?en.1), a naia: 1) anoaiiaeaiiy
iioeiaeueieo
ni?aa?aeiioaiue i?ae aeaiaioaie aa?ieaiaeoaooo: c iaeiiai aieo, i?ae oae
caaiith “aeeeith i?e?iaeith” (ui aeeiio? ?ieue aooa?o aeey no?eeiai
?icaeoeo
aa?inoa?e) oa n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeie oa?aeaeyie, c ae?oaiai – i?ae
??eeath,
i?e?iaeieie ei?iiaeie oa?aeaeyie e aaaaoi??/ieie ianaaeaeaiiyie, c
o?aoueiai – i?ae e?niaeie e n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeie oa?aeaeyie; 2)
aeei?enoaiiy
?ano?nicaa??aath/eo oaoiieia?e ia?ia?oeo a?oioo
(eiioo?ii-iae?i?aoeaii?
nenoaia caiea?ianoaa, oaoiieia?? “ioeueiaiai” oa aaca?aeaaeueiiai
ia?ia?oeo
a?oioo, eiai ioeue/oaaiiy, aeei?enoaiiy n?aici?i, iieacaoenia
e?ni?icaaaeaiiy,
iaiaaeaiiy o aeei?enoaii? aaaeei? oaoi?ee oiui); 3) ca?eueoaiiy /anoee
a?ieia?/ieo iaoiae?a ai?ioueae c ao?’yiaie, oe?aeieeaie oa oai?iaaie
?ineei; 4) aeei?enoaiiy i?aai?/ieo aeia?ea, neaea?ao?a oa iin?a?a
aaaaoi??/ieo (cie?aia aiaiaeo) o?aa. A oaa?eiieoeoa? iaeia?niaeoeai?o?
?iiiaaoe?? yeeie ?: aea?? iioeiaeueieo o?aainoi?oie
aeey ianiaeu ??cieo a?oioiai-ee?iaoe/ieo cii (i?e oeueiio
ca?eueoeaoe
ieiuo ianiaeu ia a?ic?eii iaaacia/ieo caieyo a 5-6 ?ac?a);
aeei?enoaiiy caa?iii-ii?oe?eii? oa
eiia?iiaaii? nenoaie aeianaiiy oaa?ei; anoaiiaeaiiy iioeiaeueiiai
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy i?ae oaa?eiieoeueeith ? ?ineeiieoeueeith aaeocyie;
aeei?enoaiiy
a ei?iiae?iaieoeoa? i?ai?en?a, aa?ieeoeueoo?e, a?oio?oo oiui; aea??
iioeiaeueieo ?aoe?ii?a aiae?ae? a ciiao ?aae?iaeoeaiiai caa?oaeiaiiy;
io?eiaiiy a?iaaco c i?aai?/ieo a?aeoiae?a. Iaei??i?eoaoi?oeie
?iiiaaoe?yie
a AIE Iiae?eey ? aeei?enoaiiy iao?aaeeoe?eieo aeaea?ae aia?a?? (a?o?i-,
aae?i-, a?iaaciaeo onoaiiaie, ?icaeoie iaei? e i?e?ia?ae?iia?aaoeee,
oaoiieia?? ia?a?iaee iecueeiye?nii? aea?aaeie oa a?aeoiae?a,
ae?iuoaaiiy
??iaeo, a??/eoe?); a nenoai? i?aai?caoe?? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai
ae?iaieoeoaa oea i?iaaaeaiiy aeieia?/ii? aenia?oece ? aoaeeoo aa?a?ieo
i?aei?e?inoa (noai?aiiy aa?iaeieia?/iiai ianii?oo), noai?aiiy iiaeo
oi?i aaaeaiiy aa?a?iiai ae?iaieoeoaa e i?aai?caoe?? i?aoe? i?e
aeei?enoaii?
aeieiaiaacia/ieo ?ano?nicaa??aath/eo oaoiieia?e; a nioe?inoa?? – oea
aeieia?/ia aeoiaaiiy n?euenueeiai ianaeaiiy (i?aai?caoe?y aeieia?/ieo
?aae?iia?aaea/, ia?anoaieo aeieia?/ieo aenoaaie, y?ia?ie, ae?cieo
aeieia?/ieo eaeoe?e), aaaaeaiiy i?aaeiaoo “iniiae aa?iaeieia??” o
n?euenueeeo
oeieao, ?aaoey?ia aeieia?/ia ?ioi?iaoe?y n?euenueeiai ianaeaiiy i?i
aeieia?/iee noai ?aa?iio.
2.2. Iaoiaeeea aa?iaeieia?/iiai iii?oi?eiao
Iiia?aaei?e ?ioaineaiee ?icaeoie n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa, ui
a?aeaoaaany
ia iniia? oeaii? eiioeaioe??, eiee aeieia?/iee oaeoi? iaaeiioe?ithaaany,
i?eca?a aei aeaa?aaeaoe?? aa?ieaiaeoaoo?a. A?oioe /a?ac iaaei??io
?ici?ai?noue,
ia?aou?eueiaiiy, ciano?oeoo?aiiy, i?aeeeneaiiy, i?aeoiieaiiy,
canieaiiy,
caa?oaeiaiiy aeaoa?aaioaie, ii/aee a i?enei?aiiio oaii? ao?a/aoe
nai? iaeoe?ii?o? aa?iiii?/i? aeanoeaino?, iaaaoeaii aieeaaoe ia
caaaeueiiaeieia?/i
o neooaoe?th. Aiane?aeie oeueiai ??aaiue aoiono cieceany ia
1,eooaoe?th. Aiane?aeie oeueiai ??aaiue aoiono cieceany ia 1,8-2,0 %.
I?ae
aieeaii ?ici?aiino? a?oioe iii?oii ci?ieee nai? o?ceei-o?i?/i?
aeanoeaino?:
ciaioeeany aaee/eia a?ae?ie?oe/ii? eeneioiino?, ca?eueoeeany noia
oa?a?aieo iniia, i?aeaeueeany aaee/eia ?I. E?euee?noue ?ooeeaeo oi?i
acioo nei?ioeeanue a oaiii-n??eo a?oioao ia 6,5 ia, a n??eo – 3,9
ia, a na?oei-n??eo – 4,5 ia; oinoi?o a?aeiia?aeii ia 0,0-2,3-2,2 ia,
eae?th – 11,3-18,2-1,8 ia ia 100 a a?oioo; caiane aieiae ia 27,32
? 20 ii a iao?iaiio oa??.
Aino?ith i?iaeaiith aeey ?aa?iio ? a?ae/oaeaiiy
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo
caiaeue (iniaeeai ??ee?) i?ae aoae?aieoeoai caaiae?a, i?no, aei??a,
a?aee?eoeo
a??ie/eo ?ic?iaie. Oae, ieiua caiaeue, ii?ooaieo a??ie/iaeiaoaiith
i?iieneia?noth, neeaaea? a ?aa?ii? 65 oen. aa, yea ui?ieo ca?eueoo?oueny
ia 300-400 aa. A?aee?eo? ?ic?iaee aaaeooueny iaeaea ia 1,8 oen.
ea?’???a.
Eeoa i?e ?ic?iaoe? oi?oo ii?ooaii 26 oen. aa i?iaeoeoeaieo caiaeue,
a i?e noai?ai? aiaeinoiaeu (anueiai 56) ia Aei?no??, I?aaeaiiiio
Aoc?, Ai?ei?, Neo/? ?c n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ia?ao aoei aeeo/aii
a?eueoa 3 oen. aa ?iaeth/eo caiaeue. Caaacia/ai?noue neeaaeaie aeey
caa??aaiiy
i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea a ia’?aeiaiiyo “N?eueainio?i?y” noaiiaeoue anueiai
27 %, a ianoeoeeae?a 58 %. Oae, a Oiaeueieoeuee?e iaeano? i?e iio?aa?
673 neeaaee ? 583, c ieo 197 ciaoiaeyoueny a i?enoiniaaieo i?ei?uaiiyo
(ia i?ieoee aeieia?/ii? aenia?oece).
Iaaoaeoeaia aeei?enoaiiy i?e?iaeieo ?ano?n?a a n?euenueeiio
ainiiaea?noa?
?aa?iio, ia?aoe?iiaeueia ae?oaea e?n?a, ?ici?thaaiiy i?eaa?aaeieo nioa,
caa?oaeiaiiy oa?eoi??? ?aae?iioee?aeaie, inooaiiy aie?o, iaoeiai
iaiaa?oioiaaia
aianaiiy i?ia?aeueieo, i?aai?/ieo aeia?ea, ianoeoeeae?a i?ecaaee aei
caa?oaeiaiiy aiaeiei (aao?io?eaoe??) oa aeao?oeeoo /enoi? i??nii? aiaee.
Eeoa /aoaa?oa /anoeia n?euenueeiai ianaeaiiy Iiae?eey ia? aa?aioiaaia
caaacia/aiiy ieoiith aiaeith, a iaaeia?iye?nio ieoio aiaeo nueiaiaei?
io?eio?
aeecueei 17 % i?nueeiai ianaeaiiy. Cia/io oeiaeo iiaa?oiaaei ?
i?aecaiiei
aiaeai caaaeathoue a?aeoiaee oaa?eiieoeueeeo oa?i oa eiiieaen?a, ui
neeaaeooueny
a caieyieo aii?noiaeuao. Caaacia/ai?noue n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo
i?aei?e?inoa
oeiiaeie aii?noiaeuaie noaiiaeoue anueiai 30 %. Caa?oaeiai?, caioeai?,
ao?aoeee aiaei?noue a?eueo?noue ?c iaeeo ??/ie (/a?ac caaaeai? aeua
i?e/eie), a aanaeiao yeeo oi?io?oueny 60 % caian?a aiaee. Iei? aeey
caaacia/aiiy ianaeaiiy ieoiith aiaeith oa aeinyaiaiiy iioeiaeueii?
e?nenoino?,
ia aeoieo aaoi?a, iaiao?aeii ia oa?eoi??? ?aa?iio ianaaeeoe a?eueoa
383 oen. aa e?no (iniaeeai a aiaeiioi?iiieo ciiao) oa i/enoeoe a?eueoa
3 oen. ei ?onae ??/ie. Aino?ith caeeoa?oueny ia Iiae?ee? i?iaeaia
ioi?iie
iia?o?yiiai aanaeio, aea aaaiiei caa?oaeithaa/ai ? o?aina?aie/iee
ia?aiin
oe?aeeeaeo ?a/iaei. Eiiieaenia ioe?iea aa?iaeieia?/ii? neooaoe??
oa?eoi???
Iiae?eey na?ae/eoue, ui aeaia oa?eoi??y ia? neeueii iia??oaiee
aeieia?/iee
noai c iaaeeaeaiiyi aei eaoano?io?/iiai – 4,6 aaee (ii 5-oe aaeuei?e
oeae?, ca aeaieie ?inoeoooo caieaaii?yaeeoaaiiy OAAI). Nueiaiaei?
aa?inoa?a
Iiae?eey ia a?ai? aeieia?/ii? eaoano?ioe: a?aeaoeiny cieaeaiiy
i?e?iaeiiai
iioaioe?aeo iaeaea 70% oe?iieo i?e?iaeieo eiiieaen?a ? eaiaeoaoo?a
?aa?iio.
Aeey ae??oaiiy oeeo i?iaeai iaiao?aeiei ? i?iaaaeaiiy aa?iaeieia?/iiai
iii?oi?eiao (AAI). Eiai caaaeaiiyi ? aeyaeaiiy oei?a, iiooaeiinoae
aeaea?ae caa?oaeiaiiy, ?o aca?iica’yce?a c ia’?eoaie, ia ye? aiie
ae?thoue;
aeyaeaiiy eaiae?a ? oaeaeeino? iioe?aiiy caa?oaeithth/eo ?a/iaei o
aa?ieaiaeoaooao, aea?? ?iaeeeaoi??a, ye? iaee?aua iieacoaaee a noai
aeiae?eey, i?iaiic ?icaeoeo aeieia?/ieo neooaoe?e. Iniiaieie iieacieeaie
AAI iiaeii? aooe oae? /eiieee: 1) aa?io?i?/i? – ai?no a i?iiio oa??
aoiono, acioo (ui eaaei a?ae?ie?cothoueny), ?ooiiiai ?, iai?iiiai E
oa i?e?iaeaiaio?a (Mn, Mo, Zn, Cu, B, Co), a oaeiae eeneioi?noue a?oioo,
?ii?noue aae?aiiy, noia aa?a?aieo iniia, u?euei?noue a?oioo,
iaeneiaeueii
iiaeeea? caiane i?iaeoeoeaii? aieiae a oa?? 0-100 ni; 2) aeieia?/i?:
– ??aaiue caa?oaeiaiiy ?aae?iioee?aeaie (Cs-137, Sr-90), aaaeeeie
iaoaeaie
(?ooii? oi?ie Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Hg), caeeoeaie AeAeO oa ?i.
aenieioiene/ieie
ianoeoeeaeaie. AAI i?iaiaeeoueny c o?aooaaiiyi aa?iee?iaoe/ieo oiia.
Iniiaiei aeieoiaioii, a yeiio cina?aaeaeaia ?ioi?iaoe?y i?i noai ?
ye?noue iiey /e caiaeueii? ae?eyiee, iiaeiai
aooe aeieiai-aa?io?i?/iee ianii?o. Aaaeeeaith iiaeciith a AAI ? ?ic?iaea
iaoaiaoe/ieo iiaeaeae, ye? aeicaieythoue ia iniia? ?ioi?iaoe?eieo
oaoiieia?e
?iaeoe ii??aiyiiy oa ocaaaeueiaiiy, ?ic?iaeyoe neooaoe?ei? iiaeae?
oa i?iaiice (o aeaeyae? aeieia?/ieo ea?o), ? iia?aoeaii aecia/eoe
e ?aeiiaiaeoaaoe caoiaee ii caiia?aaiith aeaa?aaeaoe?eiei i?ioeanai, ui
iai?oeeeny.
2.3. Neeaaeia? aa?iaeieia?/iiai iii?oi?eiao (AAI)
Aeae?eaii 4 neeaaeia? AAI Iiae?eey.
Aeiiii?/ia neeaaeiaa iiaeiia aeeth/aoe: aea?aeaaia o?iainoaaiiy caoiae?a
c ioi?iie i?e?iaee; e?oeaicoaaiiy; ii?ioaaiiy; noai?aiiy aeieia?/ieo
oiiae?a; nenoaio ieaoe ca ei?enooaaiiy i?e?iaeieie ?ano?naie oa
aeiaeaoeiai
ca ?ano?ne, ui aeeo/athoueny; aeiiii?/i? naieoe?? (ieaoaae? oa oo?aoe)
ca caa?oaeiaiiy aeiae?eey; aeiiii?/ia noeioethaaiiy cieaeaiiy
caa?oaeiaiiy,
i?eueaia? oa aeiaaino?ieia? e?aaeeoe aeey ?aae?caoe?? aeieia?/ieo
?ia?o,
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aeieia?/ii /enoeo oaoiieia?e oa aeeiiaiiy
i?e?iaeiioi?iiieo
caoiae?a; i?eueaiaa iiiaeaoeoaaiiy i?aei?e?inoa, ui ai?iaaaeaeothoue
aaca?aeo?aei?
oaoiieia?? oa io?eiothoue /enoo n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeo i?iaeoeoe?th;
i?aai
ia i?iaeaae aeieia?/ii /enoi? i?iaeoeoe?? ca i?aeaeuaieie oe?iaie. A
/ene?
aeiiii?/ieo cania?a caaacia/aiiy ioi?iie aeiae?eey – eiiiainaoe??
? i?eueae, ye? aa?aioothoueny a?iiaaeyiai i?e ?o iino?eiiio /e
oei/aniaiio
ia?aaoaaii? a ciiao aeieia?/ii? eaoano?ioe /e eeoa, a oaeiae cae?eniaiiy
aeia?ia?eueiiai ? iaia’yceiaiai no?aooaaiiy a?iiaaeyi ? ?o iaeia,
aeioiae?a
i?aei?e?inoa, onoaiia ? i?aai?caoe?e ia aeiaaeie oeiaee, caiiae?yii?
aiane?aeie caa?oaeiaiiy aeiae?eey. Aeei?enoaiiy aeiiii?/ieo e?eoa???a
iiaeiii aooe ni?yiiaaiei ia ?aae?caoe?th aieiaiiai i?eioeeio:
aeinyaiaiiy
i?eaooeo eeoa ca ?aooiie no?eeiai ?icaeoeo oeyoii caaeainiaaiiai
i?e?iaeiei?enooaaiiy – ?icaeoie iaoa??aeueiiai ae?iaieoeoaa a
aoaeue-yeiio
?aa?ii? iiaeiai caaacia/oaaoe no?ee?noue aa?iaeinenoai.
Aeioieneeieia?/ia neeaaeiaa iiaeiia a naaa aeeth/aoe aiae?c i?aeaeuaiiy
i?iaeoeoeaiino? aa?ieaiaeoaoo?a, ii/eiath/e c aiae?co no/anii?
aeieia?/ii?
neooaoe?? ?aa?iio ia iniia? aeioieneeieia?/iiai iii?oi?eiao oa
cae?i/oth/e
neeaaeaiiyi aeieiai-aa?io?i?/iiai ianii?oo.
Nioe?aeueia neeaaeiaa. I?e aeeiiaii? eiiieaenii? ioe?iee iaiao?aeii
aeeiioaaoe
aiae?c oaeeo aeaiaio?a nioe?aeueii? neeaaeiai?: 1) noaio caaaeueii?
aeieia?/ii? eoeueoo?e n?euenueeiai ianaeaiiy (ie?aii oa?ia??a,
oaa?eiiee?a,
iaoai?caoi??a, i?aei?e?ioe?a o noa?? aa?ia?ciano oiui); 2) noaio
ii?iaoeaii-i?aaiai? aeieia?/ii? aace oa ?? aeeiiaiiy (noai eiio?ieth
ca aeeiiaiiyi /eiieo caeiiiaeaa/eo aeo?a, nenoaie aeieia?/ieo oiia,
iaiaaeaiue ? ?aaeaiaioaoe?e uiaei ?aaeei?a caieaei?enooaaiiy; noai
i?iaaaeaiiy
iaia’yceiai? aeieia?/ii? na?oeo?eaoe?? ae?iuaii?
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei?
i?iaeoeoe?? oa cai?iaaaeaeaiiy i?ia?aiii-oe?eueiaiai iaoiaeo
?aoe?iiaeueiiai
e eiiieaeniiai aeei?enoaiiy i?e?iaeieo ?ano?n?a ? ioi?iie aeiae?eey)
; 3) canoinoaaiiy ae?eiaeo aeiiii?/ieo ?ino?oiaio?a aeey noeioethaaiiy
?ano?ni- oa aia?aicaa?aaeaiiy, i?i?i?caoe?? oe?aeeeaeo aeeeae?a oiui;
4) noaio eiiia?oaaiiy i?aei?e?inoa c iaoith aeeiiaiiy aeieia?/ieo
i?ia?ai ia aca?iii-aeiaia??i?e iniia? oa anoaiiaeaiiy aaei?i?no?aoeaiiai
iaiaaeaiiy ia aeaee ?ia?o ? oaoiieia?e, ui oeiaeyoue aeiae?eeth; 5)
noaio
o?oaeiaeo ?ano?n?a, oiia ?o i?iaeeaaiiy, i?aoeacaeaoiino?, aoaeoeaiino?
aeei?enoaiiy a AIE, i?a?aoe?? oiui.
?iiiaaoe?eia neeaaeiaa. Aeaiaioaie aiae?co oe??? neeaaeiai? ? aea/aiiy
noaio ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iiaeo, a?eueo aeieia?/ieo ? aoaeoeaieo aeaea?ae
aia?a?? a n?euenueeiio ainiiaea?noa?: a?o?o, niioey, a?iaaco, iaei?
? i?e?ia?ae?iaia?aaoeee; ia?ao?ae aei ia?aaeiaeo, i?ia?aneaieo ?ano?ni-
? i?e?iaeicaa??aath/i? oaoi?ee ? oaoiieia?e; oaeineiiaeaiiy
i?aai?caoe??,
?ici?uaiiy, niaoe?ae?caoe?? e eiioeaio?aoe?? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai
ae?iaieoeoaa, iiaea?i?caoe?y eiai eeoa ia iniia? nenoaiii-aeieia?/iiai
i?aeoiaeo; noai?aiiy aaieo aeieia?/ii? ?ioi?iaoe?? i?e ?aeiiieo oa
iaeanieo oi?aae?iiyo n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa ? i?iaeiaieuenoaa;
?icaeoie
? iinooiiaa ?aae?caoe?y aeieia?/iiai iaiaaeaeiaioo (eiiieaeniiai
iaoeiai-iaa?oioiaa
iiai oi?aae?iiy ye?noth aa?ieaiaeoaoo?a) ia iniia? iiai? aeieia?/ii
aacia/ii?, i?e?iaeiia?oei?aii? iie?oeee noaeiai ?icaeoeo Aeey oeueiai
iaiao?aeii
aeiei??iii ci?ieoe i?aai?caoe?th i?aoe? ? oaoiieia?th noni?eueiiai
ae?iaieoeoaa
a AIE, aea iaeiei c aaaeeeaeo ?ino?oiaio?a oi?aae?iiy iiaeiai noaoe
aeieia?/iee aoaeeo (?aaoey?ia aeieia?/ia ianoaaeaiiy ia’?eo?a AIE
c iaoith eiio?ieth ?aoe?iiaeueiiai i?e?iaeiei?enooaaiiy), yeee
aeiiiiiaea
ioe?ieoe ye?noue aa?ieaiaeoaoo?a oa i?aeo?eiaoe ?o ii?iaeueiee
aeieia?/iee noai.
3. AEIEIA?*IA IOe?IEA ?IIIAAOe?EIEO I?IOeAN?A
A AIE A?IIE**EIE
3.1. Caaaeueiee aiae?c noaio i?iaeaie a ?aa?ii?
Niaoeeo?ea i?e?iaeiei?enooaaiiy ia A?iie//ei? coiiaeaia cia/iei
?icaeoeii
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ae?iaieoeoaa, ui i?ecaaei aei ci?i
no?oeoo?ii-ooieoe?iiaeueii
? i?aai?caoe?? i?e?iaeieo eaiaeoaoo?a ? ii?ooaiiy a ieo aeieia?/ii?
??aiiaaae. ?noioi? ci?ie coiiaeai? cia/iei ciaioaiiyi a i?ioean?
inai?iiy oa?eoi??? ieiu, caeiyoeo i?e?iaeieie ?ineeiieie oa?oioaaiiyie
(e?naie, eoeaie), i?e iaeii/aniiio ca?eueoaii? ieoiii? aaae inai?iino?
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo oa?aeue, iniaeeai – ??ee?.
Ciaioaiiy ieiu iie?eoeo e?naie, oi?ioaaiiy ia oa?eoi??? ?aa?iio
aaeeeeo aace?nieo i?ieo ianea?a aac o?aooaaiiy aeieia?/ii? ioe?iee
oei?a i?noeaaino? (e?ooecie noee?a, oeio a?oioo, eiai i?ioea?ic?eii?
no?eeino? oiui), iaoeiai iaiaa?oioiaaiiai aianaiiy i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea
? ianoeoeeae?a i?e ae?iuoaaii? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei? i?iaeoeoe??
i?ecaaee
aei ?icaeoeo iaaaoeaieo aeieia?/ieo iane?aee?a: 1) iia??oaiiy no?oeoo?e
aa?ieaiaeoaooo oa ii?ooaiiy iioeiaeueiiai ni?aa?aeiioaiiy i?ae eiai
eiiiiiaioaie; 2) ciaioaiiy no?eeino? ? caeaoiino?
aa?ieaiaeoaooo
aei naii?aaoeyoe??; 3) i?enei?aiiy i?ioean?a aiaeii?
a?ic??
(ieiua a?iaeiaaieo caiaeue aeinyaea 41,2%, a oiio /ene? 29,5 % – i?ieo)
; 4) cieaeaiiy ?iaeth/ino? a?oio?a aiane?aeie ciaioaiiy ai?noo aoiono
(1880 ?. – 3,68 %, 1960 – 2,94 %, 1998 – 2,67 %) a?ae ii/aoeiaiai
??aiy ? ao?aoe iiaeeaieo ?a/iaei aiane?aeie i?ia?ae?caoe?? aoiono ?
a?ic?? a?oio?a; 5) ia?aneoaiiy ? iai?e?iiy ??e (ciaioaiiy ia’?io
noieo ia 12-18 %); 6) caa?oaeiaiiy a?oio?a, iiaa?oiaaeo, i?aecaiieo
aiae ? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei? i?iaeoeoe?? ianoeoeeaeaie,
?aae?iioee?aeaie,
aaaeeeie iaoaeaie, i?o?aoaie, i?o?eoaie, iaooii?iaeoeoaie oiui, ye?
iaaaoeaii aieeaathoue ia ethaeeio oa aeiae?eey. No/aniee
aeieiai-aa?io?i?/iee
noai n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo oa?aeue iaeano? aecia/aiee
aa?iaeieia?/iei
iaoiaeii noaiiaeoue 53 aaee (ii 100 aaeuei?e oeae?). Ia iniia? aeaieo
aeine?aeaeaiue neeaaeaii ea?oo-noaio iaeneiaeueiiai oaoiiaaiiiai
caa?oaeiaiiy
aa?inoa?e iaeano? (?en.2); aeiaaaeaii, ui aiie ni?aiaaeathoue ?c ciiaie
iaea?eueoi? e?eueeino? caoai?thaaiue ethaeae. Iineeaiiy aio?iiiaaiiiai
aieeao ia eaiaeoaooe ?aa?iio i?ecaiaeeoue aei iia??oaiiy oiia
?nioaaiiy aeeaeo i?aai?ci?a, aeaa?aaeaoe?? i?e?iaeieo aeinenoai,
ciaioaiiy a?ieia?/ii?
oa eaiaeoaooii? ??ciiiai?oiino?.
3.2. Aeieia?/ia ioe?iea ?iiiaaoe?eieo i?ioean?a a aaeoc? ?ineeiieoeoaa
A aaeoc? ?ineeiieoeoaa iaiao?aeii: ia’?eoeaii ? ?aaeueii eiio?ieueiaaia
aea?aeaaith caaacia/aiiy ??cieo oi?i aeaniino? oeo, ooi caeaoai ??
?aoe?iiaeueii
aeei?enoiaoaaoe; a?aeiia?aei?noue ?ici?aiino? oa?eoi??? iaeano?
aeieia?/ii
iaa?oioiaaiei ii?iai, i?ea’ycaiei aei iaaieo aa?ieaiaeoaoo?a;
?aae?caoe?y
eiioo?ii-iae?i?aoeaii? nenoaie caiea?ianoaa ia anaa?/ii
iaoeiai-iaa?oioiaai?e
aac? (ca?eueoeaoe ieiuo ei?iiaeo oa?aeue c 8 % aei 25 %, e?neno?noue
c 11,5 % aei 18 %, caiia?aei? ia’?eoe c 0,7 % aei 5 % – ca ?aooiie
a?ic?eii-iaaacia/ieo ae?eyiie); oe?iea canoinoaaiiy iaoeiai
iaa?oioiaaieo
a?ieia?/ieo cania?a caoenoo ?ineei (ca?eueoeoe ?o /anoeo aei 30 %)
; ?icaeoie iiaeo a?ioaoiieia?e a naae?aieoeoa?, oaa?eiieoeoa? oiui;
?icaeoie ae?iaieoeoaa a?o/eciyii? aenieiaoaeoeaii?
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei?
oaoi?ee ? cia?yaeaey ye aeey oa?ia?nueeeo, oae ? aeey aaeeeeo
eieaeoeaieo
ainiiaea?noa; noai?ee eiio?ieue ia iniia? iiaeo ii?iaoea?a ca
iaiao?aei?noth
a?aeaaaeaieo caiaeue aeey ian?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iio?aa; ia?ao?ae
ia
ae?iaieoeoai ? aeei?enoaiiy iiaeo aenieiaoaeoeaieo i?aaii-i?ia?aeueieo
a?aioeueiaaieo aeia?ea, ye? ia aeatho iaeiie/aiue o ?ineeiao oiene/ieo
?a/iaei. Aeey oeueiai aeioe?eueii i?iaiaeeoe ia?iaeo iin?a?a
i?i?iaeueiei aeiiii?/ii iaa?oioiaaiei ianyaii o?i?/ieo cania?a,
a?aoiaoth/e aeiiae aeieia?/ii? oa a?a??i?/ii? aaciaee, i?iaiicoth/e
? a?aeaa?oath/e iaaaoeai? iane?aeee aaea ia aoai? ieaioaaiiy caoiae?a
ai?ioueae c oai?iaaie oa oe?aeieeaie n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eoeueoo?.
Ca aeaieie aeieia?/iiai iii?oi?eiao aeioe?eueii noai?eoe aaie
aeieia?/ii?
?ioi?iaoe??; i?iaanoe aeaoaeueio ?iaaioa?ecaoe?th aeieia?/ii? neooaoe??
a iaaeao aa?ieaiaeoaoo?a iaeano?, neeanoe eiiieaen aeieia?/ieo ea?o;
cie?aia ea?oo-noaio cii aeieia?/iiai ?eceeo oa aeae?eaii ciie aeey
ae?iuoaaiiy ye?nii? i?iaeoeoe?? aeey aeeoy/iai ? ae??oe/iiai oa?/oaaiiy
oa e?ea?nueei? ne?iaeie (?en.3).
3.3. Aeieia?/ia ioe?iea ?iiiaaoe?eieo i?ioean?a a aaeoc? oaa?eiieoeoaa
I?e aaaeaii? oaa?eiieoeoaa iaiao?aeii ia aeiioneaoe ciaioaiiy
i?iaeoeoeaiino?
oa aeaa?aaeaoe?? eoe ? ianiaeu, aeei?enoiaoaaoe caa?iii-ii?oe?eio ?
eiia?iiaaio nenoaio aeianaiiy oaa?ei, cae?i/oth/e aeian ca 30 aei?a
aei ianoaiiy ii?ic?a oa i?iaiaeeoe aeianaiiy o?aainoith ianiaeu i?ney
ooaeiae noaaeaie iaaoeue (a ?ic?aooieo 1 a?aoey ia 10 aie?a A?O). Aeey
?aoe?iiaeueiiai aeei?enoaiiy ianiaeu iaiao?aeia ? iayai?noue eiiae
(aa?oiaeo
? aaaiaeo) c ?ic?aooieo 6 aie?a ia 100 ei??a (Aeiie/oe Ae.O., 1998)
. Eoeueoo?i? ianiaeua ne?ae noai?thaaoe c 3-5 eiiiiiaio?a (2-3 ceaeia?,
1-2 aiaia? aaaaoi??/i?, a?ieia?/i? iniaeeaino? yeeo iaee?aua
a?aeiia?aeathoue
aeieia?/iiio na?aaeiaeuo ?o i?i?inoaiiy, eiaeiiio eean? i?e?iaeieo
ei?iiaeo oa?aeue) c ?ic?aooieo 0,45 – 0,50 aa, a i?e c?ioaii? 0,25
– 0,30 aa ia eiaeio aieiao A?O. Aeioe?eueii noai?eoe 1,5 – 2-o
e?eiiao?ia? ei?iia? ciie iaaeiei ianaeaieo
ioieo?a ? a?aeiia?aeii? ?io?ano?oeoo?e ii caaio?ae?, ia?a?iaoe? oa
?aae?caoe?? oaa?eiieoeueei? i?iaeoeoe??. Oea aeicaieeoue noai?eoe
aoaeoeai?
naeyinuee? ? oa?ia?nuee? ainiiaea?noaa ii iaaoeo ooaeiae oa ae?iaieoeoaa
iieiea ia aeaoaaeo ianiaeuieo ei?iao i?aeoe/ii aac ?iaanoeoe?e
aea?aeaae.
Aeey oeueiai iaiao?aeii ca?eueoeoe ieiuo i?e?iaeieo ei?iiaeo oa?aeue c
8,2 % aei 25 %, ciaioeaoe i?e oeueiio ieiuo iaea?eueo a?iaeiaaii? ??ee?,
ui neeaaea? 29,5 %, a ye?e i?aeoe/ii iaia? ? ? E oa noee noaiiaeoue
a?eueoa 70. A ei?iiae?iaieoeoa? aei?a/ii aeei?enoiaoaaoe i?ia?aeuei?
aeiaaaee, aa?ieeoeueoo?o, a?oio?o. Aeey ooee?caoe?? a?aeoiae?a aa?oi
aeei?enoiaoaaoe
a?iaacia? onoaiiaee, ee/eiee n?iaio?ii?/ieo (aeiiaoi?o) ioo ? aeiuiaeo
/a?a’ye?a, a aa?ieeiiiino, yeee i?e oeueiio ooai?th?oueny aa?oi
aeei?enoiaoaaoe
aeey ?aai?iaoe?? iaeii?iaeoeoeaieo a?oio?a. I?e ?ici?uaii? oa
aenieoaoaoe??
oaa?eiieoeueeeo oa ioaoieiiieaen?a iaiao?aeii a?aoiaoaaoe aeieia?/i?
caeiie, i?eioeeie ? iieiaeaiiy. C iaoith cieaeaiiy iaaeoiaeaeaiiy
?aae?iioee?ae?a
a i?aai?ci oaa?ei oa ?o i?iaeoeoe, iaiao?aeii ?ic?iaeoe aeieiaiaacia/i?
iioei?ciaai? ?aoe?iie aiae?ae? oa i?iaiic iaea?aeaiiy iaeneiaeueii
aeia?iye?nii?
i?iaeoeoe??, a?aoiaoth/e i?ioeaio ia?aoiaeo ?aae?iioee?ae?a ca
eaioethaii
a?oio-?ineeia-oaa?eia-i?iaeoeoe?y-ethaeeia.
Iaei??th c aaaiieo ?iiiaaoe?e a aaeoc? oaa?eiieoeoaa ? caoiaee c
i?io?eaeoeee
oa icaei?iaeaiiy aaeeei? ?iaaoi? ooaeiae a?ae ooaa?eoeueico. Ae??oaiiy
oe??? i?iaeaie caeaaeeoue a?ae ?aiiuei? ae?aaiinoeee caoai?thaaiiy. O
oaa?eiieoeoa?
c ae?aaiinoe/iith iaoith caaeaathoue oaa?ei, ui aeaee iiceoeaio
?aaeoe?th
ia aaaaeaiee ooaa?eoe?i (“IIAe aeey nnaaoe?a”), aea aaeoa??ieia?/ia
i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiy c iaea?aeaiiai iaoa??aeo i?i iayai?noue caoaeieea
ooaa?eoeueico
ni?aiaaea? iaioa, i?ae 1% a?ae caaeoeo, a oaeeo oaa?ei ia?aoiao?oueny
oeny/? aie?a (Aeanaiei A.A., 1998). A ?acoeueoao? aeei?enoaiiy aeaiiai
ooaa?eoe?io eeoa ii A?iieoeuee?e iaeano? a 1996 ?. aoei iaiaa?oioiaaii
cieuaii 18 oen. 305 ei??a. Oea i?ecaaei aei cia/ieo aeiiii?/ieo caeoe?a
(iiiaae 60 iei a?i) oa cao?eiaei ?icaeoie oaa?eiieoeoaa iaeano? i?i?ioi
ye ia 3-5 ?ie?a. Aeey iie?auaiiy aeaii? neooaoe?? aaaeeeaith
?iiiaaoe??th
aoei ?ic?iaeaii o ni?aaaoi?noa? iaoiae ?aiiuei? ae?aaiinoeee
“oano-oaeoi?”,
yeee /a?ac 48-72 aiaeeie aea? ?acoeueoao aiae?co oa a 90 ?ac oaeaeoa
anoaiiaeth? ae?aaiic – ooaa?eoeueic. Aeaiee iaoiae aeine?aeaeaiiy
caoeuaiee
Iaoaioii Oe?a?ie, aeei?enoaiiy yeiai aeicaieeei a caa?aaoe iiaie?a’y
oaa?ei iaeano? aiane?aeie iiieeeiai? ae?aaiinoeee i?e ooaa?eoe?i?caoe??
oaa?ei.
3.4. Aecia/aiiy i??i?eoao?a o ?icaeoeo AIE A?iie//eie
Aeey oi?ioaaiiy iioeiaeueieo aa?ieaiaeoaoo?a, a yeeo ni?aa?aeiioaiiy
i?e?iaeieo ? aio?iiiaaiieo eiiiiiaio?a ciaoiaeeoueny a noai? no?eei?
??aiiaaae, iaiao?aeii aeio?eioaaoenue ianooiieo i?eioeei?a: 1)
a?aeiia?aeiino?
iai?yie?a n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino? i?e?iaeiei
caeiiii??iinoyi
eaiaeoaooo; 2) iioeiaeueiiio ni?aa?aeiioaiith i?ae i?ieie, e?niaeie,
eo/ieie oa aiaeieie oa?aeaeyie (yea iiaeiii eieeaaoeny a iaaeao
40-50:15-25:20-35:2-
5 %); 3) iayaiino? aeaeiai? ? i?inoi?iai? ??ciiiai?oiino? eiiiiiaio?a
eaiaeoaooo; 4) a?aeiia?aeiino? o?oioeaiic?a (i?e?iaeieo ? ooo/ieo)
oiiaai
i?noeac?inoaiiy; 5) i??i?eoaoiino? o?oie?niiae?i?aoe??; 6) a?aooaaiith
i?e?iciiaeueiino? a?oioiai-ee?iaoe/ieo oiia oa ?aeue?oo; 7) a?eueo
oe?ieiio canoinoaaiith a?oioicaoenieo oa aia?aicaa??aath/eo nenoai
ia?ia?oeo a?oioo, iaeneiaeueiiio aeei?enoaiith o?aaeeoe?eieo ?
iao?aaeeoe?eieo
i?aai?/ieo aeia?ea i?e iaiaaeaiiio aeei?enoaii? aa?io?i?eao?a oa
?ioaa?iaaii?
nenoaie caoenoo ?ineei c i???ioaoe??th ?? ia a?ieia?/i? iaoiaee; 8)
iaea?eueoi? aeioe?eueiino? aeey eiie?aoieo oiia eiiieaeno oaoiieia?e
ae?iuoaaiiy n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eoeueoo?; 9) ai?iaaaeaeaiith
nenoaie
?ioaineaiiai ei?iiae?iaieoeoaa; 10) i?iaaaeaiiy a?oioicaoenii? nenoaie
caiea?ianoaa c eiioo?ii-iae?i?aoeaiith i?aai?caoe??th oa?eoi???,
cai?iaaaeeaoe
?? aeey oa?eoi??? iaeano? ia ieiu? 513 oen. aa; 11) i?iaanoe
eiina?aaoe?th
aai /anoeiaa aeaaaeaiiy ?c n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ia?ao ?ano?n?a,
i?iaeoeoeai?noue yeeo cieceeany aei “aeieia?/iiai ii?iao”, ca?eueoeaoe
ca ?aooiie oeueiai oa ?aeiiaiaeiaaieo caiia?aeieo ia’?eo?a
i?e?iaeii-caiia?aeiee
oiiae c 0,7% aei 4-5% aei 2010?. oa 10-12% aei 2050?. (?en.4).
Ia?oi/a?aiaei i??i?eoaoii aeey aa?a?iiai ae?iaieoeoaa iaeano? ? ?ic?iaea
?aa?iiaeueii? i?ia?aie ioi?iie aeiae?eey ? ?aoe?iiaeueiiai aeei?enoaiiy
i?e?iaeieo ?ano?n?a ia iniia? neia?ico caeii?a ?icaeoeo i?e?iaee ?
aeiiii?ee i?e i??i?eoao? ia?oeo. Aiia a oiiaao ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieo
aeiiiiiaea noi?ioaaoe oe?e?nio nenoaio aeiiii?/iiai iaoai?cio oi?aae?iiy
aa?ii?e?iaeiei?enooaaiiyi, ciaioeaoe iaaaioaaeaiiy ia
i?e?iaeii-?ano?niee
iioaioe?ae. Iniiaieie neeaaeiaeie oe??? i?ia?aie iiaeii? noaoe:
i?aeaeuaiiy
caaaeueiiai ??aiy aeieia?/ii? eoeueoo?e ianaeaiiy; ?ic?iaea oa
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy
aeieia?/iiai iii?oi?eiao i?e?iaeieo ?ano?n?a (caiaeueieo, aiaeieo,
e?niaeo); noai?aiiy aaieo aeieia?/ii? ?ioi?iaoe?? i?e iaeaniiio
oi?aae?ii? n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa oa i?iaeiaieuenoaa; i?iaaaeaiiy
aeieia?/ii? ?iaaioa?ecaoe?? oa aeieia?/ii? ianii?oecaoe?? aeieia?/ii
iaaacia/ieo ia’?eo?a, yaeu, aeae?a aa?a?ii? ae?yeueiino?, aeaa?aaeiaaieo
oa?eoi??e; ?ic?iaeaiiy ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?ano?nicaa??aath/eo, ciiaeueieo
? aioo??oiueiciiaeueieo nenoai aaaeaiiy n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa;
iioeiaeueiiai
?ici?uaiiy i?aei?e?inoaa oa?/iai? oa ia?a?iaii? i?iieneiaino?,
a?aoiaoth/e
aeieia?/io aenia?oeco i?e aeioe?eueiino? ye aeaieo ia’?eo?a, oae ?
oaa?eiieoeueeeo
oa ioao?aie/eo eiiieaen?a; aeei?enoaiiy iao?aaeeoe?eieo aeaea?ae
aia?a??,
ca?eueoeaoe ?o /anoeo aei 10 %; caaacia/aiiy aeieia?/ii? ??aiiaaae,
i?e ye?e aaeeeiianooaai? ?iaioe ii ia?aoai?aiith i?e?iaee ia
noi?iaiaeaeoaaoeiooueny
iaaaoeaieie aeieia?/ieie iane?aeeaie (ciaioaiiyi ??/eiaiai noieo,
iia??oaiiyi a?ae?ia?ieia?/iiai ?aaeeio aiaeiei, i?aeoiieaiiyi,
caoiieaiiyi
? canieaiiyi caiaeue, ?icaeoeii a?ic?eieo i?ioean?a, iia??oaiiyi
oiia aeey ?icaeoeo n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa, ?ineeiiiai ?
oaa?eiiiai
na?oo); caaacia/aiiy ?icoe?aiiai a?aeoai?aiiy
a?oioo oeyoii oi?ioaaiiy nenoaie a?oioicaoenieo caoiae?a; aeinyaiaiiy
iioeiaeueii? (20 %) e?nenoino? iaeano? (ca?eueoeoe ?? ca ?aooiie
a?ic?eii
iaaacia/ieo caiaeue) oa noai?aiiy a?aeiia?aeii? ?io?ano?oeoo?e aeey
?icaeoeo aa?a?ii-e?n?aieoeueeeo oaoiieia?e; cae?eniaiiy eiio?ieth ca
?aae?caoe?th n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei? i?iaeoeoe?? eeoa i?e iayaiino?
aeieia?/iiai
na?oeo?eaoo, aea a?aeia?aaeaii ai?no ?aae?iioee?ae?a, ianoeoeeae?a,
i?o?ao?a,
aaaeeeo iaoae?a iaooii?iaeoeo?a oa ?o AAeE; i?aai?caoe?y cai?o,
o?ainii?ooaaiiy,
ooee?caoe?? an?o aeae?a a?aeoiae?a, i?iaiaey/e ?o iiaio
ianii?oecaoe?th;
oe?ieiianooaaia cai?iaaaeaeoaaiiy a?ioaoiieia?e (ca?eueoaiiy /anoee
a?ieia?/iiai caiea?ianoaa oa a?ieia?/ieo
iaoiae?a ai?ioueae c ao?’yiaie, oe?aeieeaie, a??onaie, aeia?aoe ?o
/anoeo
aei 30%); noai?aiiy ni?eyoeeaeo nioe?aeueii-aeieia?/ieo oiia aeey
i?aoe?,
a?aeii/eieo oa o?ce/iiai ?icaeoeo n?euenueeiai ianaeaiiy.
Oaeei /eiii, iaeaaaeeea?oei i??i?eoaoii a AIE A?iie//eie ? ae??oaiiy
aeieia?/ii? ? i?iaeiaieue/i? i?iaeaie, ca aeiiiiiaith ?icaeoeo
aeieia?/iiai
iaiaaeaeiaioo. Aeey oeueiai iaiao?aeia ?ic?iaea iiaoaiii? ?aae?caoe??
aeiaaino?ieiai?
aeieia?/ii? no?aoaa?? a AIE oa ona?aeiieaiiy oiai, ui aeinyaiaiiy
aeieia?/ii? aaciaee a noa?? AIE a iaeaeeae/? ?iee ? ia?oi/a?aiaei
caaaeaiiyi aea?aeaae.
AENIIAEE
1. I?iaaaeaii aiae?c a?o/eciyieo oa ca?oa?aeieo ?iiiaaoe?e
(iaoeiai-oaoi?/ieo,
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo oa oi?aae?inueeeo) a aa?ii?iieneiaiio
ae?iaieoeoa?.
?ic?iaeaii eeaneo?eaoe?th aeieia?/ieo ?iiiaaoe?e a AIE Iiae?eey aea
aeae?eaii 8 a?oi: a nenoai? i?aai?caoe?? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai
ae?iaieoeoaa
(1); a n?euenueeiio ainiiaea?noa? (ie?aii – ?ineeiieoeoa? ?
oaa?eiieoeoa?
(2); a nenoai? ?ioi?iaoe?eiiai caaacia/aiiy (3); a aaeoc? caa?aaeaiiy,
ia?a?iaee ? caooo n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei? i?iaeoeoe?? (4); a aaeoc?
ooee?caoe?? a?aeoiae?a aa?ii?iieneiaiai ae?iaieoeoaa (5); a nenoai?
aeiiii?/ieo (6) oa aia?aaoe/ieo caoiae?a caa?aaeaiiy aeiae?eey (7)
oa nioe?inoa?? (8), ye? ia’?aeiai? a iaei??i?eoaoi?o?, i??i?eoaoi?,
aea neeaaei? aeey ai?iaaaeaeaiiy oa ?iiiaaoe?e ia a?aeaeaeaio
ia?niaeoeao.
2. Aecia/ai? iniiai? e?eoa??? ioe?iee aeieia?/iiai noaio AIE Iiae?eey,
?ic?iaeaii iaoiaeeeo aa?iaeieia?/iiai iii?oi?eiao ca /ioe?ia
neeaaeiaeie:
aeiiii?/iith, aeioieneeieia?/iith, nioe?aeueiith oa ?iiiaaoe?eiith.
3. I?iaaaeaii aeioieneeieia?/iee iii?oi?eia aa?inoa?e A?iie//eie.
Aea/aii aieea ia ia? ??cieo aio?iiiaaiieo oaeoi??a oa neeaaeaii
ea?oe-noaie ?? caa?oaeiaiiy aaaeeeie iaoaeaie, i?o?aoaie,
?aae?iioee?aeaie,
ianoeoeeaeaie, oaa?aeeie iiaooiaeie a?aeoiaeaie oa iieacaii iaaaoeaio
ae?th a?enueeiai-i?iieneiaiai eiiieaeno.
4. ?ic?iaeaii eiiieaen ea?o aio?iiiaaiiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy ia
aa?ieaiaeoaooe
iaeano?, iia’ycaiiai c ?icaeoeii oaa?eiieoeoaa (aaeeeith ?iaaoith
ooaeiaith,
naeia?noaii, ioao?aieoeoaii).
5. Aecia/aii ciie iaeneiaeueiiai oaoiiaaiiiai caa?oaeiaiiy
aa?ieaiaeoaoo?a
A?iie//eie. Aeiaaaeaii, ui ?o noai neeueii iia??oaiee ? iaaeeaea?oueny
aei eaoano?io?/iiai – 4,6 aaee (ca 5-oe aaeueiith oeaeith).
6. Aeae?eaii ciie aeieia?/iiai ?eceeo, ui ni?aiaaeathoue ?c ciiaie
iaea?eueoi?
e?eueeino? caoai?thaaiiy ethaeae oa aecia/aii ciie aeey ae?iuoaaiiy
i?iaeoeoe??
aeeoy/iai ? ae??oe/iiai oa?/oaaiiy oa e?ea?nueei? ne?iaeie.
7. C?iaeaii ea?oo-noaio i?e?iaeii-caiia?aeiiai oiiaeo A?iieoeueei?
iaeano?
? aeiaaaeaii, ui aeey iie?auaiiy aeieia?/ii? neooaoe?? iaiao?aeii eiai
ca?eueoeoe c 0,7% aei 5% aei 2010?. ca ?aooiie ?aeiiaiaeiaaieo
caiia?aeieo
ia’?eo?a oa aeei?enoiaoaaoe iao?aaeeoe?ei? aeaea?aea aia?a??,
ca?eueoeaoe
?o /anoee aei 10%.
8. Iaoa??aee aeine?aeaeaiue aeei?enoiaothoueny i?e?iaeiioi?iiieie oa
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nue
eeie i?aai?caoe?yie iaeano?: Oi?aae?iiyi Aea?aeaaii? aeieia?/ii?
aaciaee,
iaeaniei oi?aae?iiyi n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa oa i?iaeiaieuenoaa,
Aea?e?nainiii, Aea?aeaaiith aaoiaaeeoeeiith, ea??aieeaie
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo
i?aei?e?inoa, aeeeaaea/aie aoc?a (aeeth/ai? a i?ia?aie aoc?a i?noa
A?iieoe?), nooaeaioaie oa i?eeiyo? aeey aeei?enoaiiy o i?aeaioiaoe?
e?a?ciaa/iai
aeaeaiiy “Caiia?aeia Iiae?eey” na??? “Caiey Iiae?euenueea”, a oaeiae
i?aeaioiaee
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/iiai iin?aieea “Aeieia?y A?iie//eie”.
AIIOAOe??
Ioae?ae I.A. ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoeiy ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa
nieuenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe ca niaoeiaeueiinoth 03.00.16 – aeieiaiy.-
A aeena?oaoeieiie ?iaioi ?ic?iaeaia eeaneoieaoeiy aeieiai/ieo
iiiiaaoeie,
iai?aaeaieo ia ciaioaiiy aio?iiiaaiiiai oeneo a aa?iaeinenoaiao oa
caieueoaiiy ?o i?iaeoeoeaiinoi; ?ic?iaeaia eiiieaenia iaoiaeeea
aeieiai/ii?
ioeiiee aa?ieaiaeoaooia oa iie?auaiiy noaio aeiaeieey ca ?aooiie
aeieiai/ieo
iiiiaaoeie a aa?inoa?i.
Aia?oa caeieniaii ioeiieo no/aniiai aeieiai-aa?ioiii/iiai noaio
nieuenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo caiaeue Aiiie//eie (aiia noaiiaeoue 47 aaeia),
i ia
iniiai iiaoaeiaaii na?ith (14) aa?iaeieiai/ieo ea?o (yei aeei?enoaii
nieuenueeiainiiaea?nueeeie i i?e?iaeiioi?iiieie i?aaiicaoeiyie),
?ic?iaeaii
iaoiaee/ii ?aeiiaiaeaoei? aeey iie?auaiiy aeieiai/ii? neooaoei? a
?aaiiii.
Aeaeieaii iniiaii i?ii?eoaoii oeyoe ?icaeoeo aeioaoiieiai/ieo ciii a
AIE Iiaeieey.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: aa?iaeinenoaia, aa?ieaiaeoaoo, aeieiai/ii iiiiaaoei?,
eeaneoieaoeiy, aeioaoiieiai?, aeieiai/iee aoaeeo ? iaiaaeaeiaio.
Ioae?ae A.A. Yeieiae/aneay ioeaiea eiiiaaoeeiiiuo i?ioeannia a AIE
Iiaeieuey. – ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea iao/iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa
naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo iaoe, niaoeeaeueiinoue 03.00.16. – yeieiaey. –
Einoeooo
aa?iyeieiaee e aeioaoiieiaee OAAI, Eeaa, 1999.
Aeenna?oaoeeiiiay ?aaioa iauei iauaiii 172 no?aieoeu ninoieo ec
anooieaiey, 3-o ?acaeaeia, auaiaeia, nienea eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u
e
i?eeiaeaiee (14 aa?iyeieiae/aneeo ea?o), eeethno?e?iaaia 10-th
oaaeeoeaie e
8-th ?enoieaie.
A ?aaioa eco/aiu e eeanneoeoee?iaaiu nia?aiaiiua eiiiaaoeee a noa?a
yeieiaecaoeee anao io?aneae naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, auai?
iaeaieaa i?eaieaiuo aeey AIE Oe?aeiu, iniaaiii – aeey ?acaeoey
naeueneiai
oicyenoaa Aeiieoeeie iaeanoe. A ?aaioa aeaii ouaoaeueiia iainiiaaiea
?ac?aaioaiiie aaoi?ii eiiieaeniie yeieiai-yeiiiie/aneie ioeaiee
oaoiieiae/aneie noa?u AIE e i?eaaaeaiu ?acoeueoaou naeaeaiiie ei
yeieiai-
yeiiiie/aneie ioeaiee ninoiyiey e ia?niaeoea oaoiieiae/aneeo eciaiaiee
AIE Iiaeieuey a oneiaeyo ia?aoiaeiiai ia?eiaea (?acaeae 2).
I?aaenoaaeaiu
?acoeueoaou yeieiae/aneie ioeaiee eiiiaaoeeiiiuo i?ioeannia AIE
Aeiieoeeie iaeanoe (aeeaioiiaiaenoai, ?anoaieaaiaenoai), aeaia i/aiue
aaaeiay
yeieiai-yeiiiie/aneay oa?aeoa?enoeea eiiiaaoeee aeeaaiinoeee ooaa?eoeaca
e?oiiiai ?iaaoiai neioa. Ii?aaeaeaiu i?ei?eoaou a ?acaeoee AIE
Aeiieoeeie iaeanoe.
Aia?aua naeaeaii eiiieaeniay yeieiae/aneay ioeaiea nia?aiaiiiai
ninoiyiey aa?ieaiaeoaooia Aeiieoeeie iaeanoe, ia iniiaa eioi?ie
iino?iaiu 14 aa?iyeieiae/aneeo ea?o, iniaiai aieiaiey n?aaee eioi?uo
caneoaeeaatho ea?ou caa?yciaiey naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo ii/a oyaeaeuie
iaoaeeaie e ieo?aoaie, iauae ianoeoeeaeiie iaa?ocee, iaeaieueoae
oaoiiaaiiie iaa?ocee, ea?oa-noaia cii yeieiae/aneiai ?enea Aeiieoeeie
iaeanoe, ea?oa-noaia oiiaea i?e?iaeiuo caiiaaaeieeia, noaia
eniieueciaaiey
aeueoa?iaoeaiuo enoi/ieeia yia?aee a aa?ii?iiuoeaiiii eiiieaena
Aeiieoeeie iaeanoe.
Iniaaiiiai aieiaiey caneoaeeaaao ?en. 2.1. – eeanneoeeaoeey
yeieiae/aneeo eiiiaaoeee a AIE Iiaeieuey, n?aaee eioi?uo auaeaeaiu aieaa
i?ei?eoaoiua, iaiaa i?ei?eoaoiua, ii neiaeiua aeey aiaae?aiey e oa,
eioi?ua
?aeiiaiaeiaaiu ia aoaeouaa. A ?enoiea ieiei 100 eiiiaaoeee na?oiie?iaaiu
a 8 aeieia (ii io?aneaaie i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe) n e?aoeie oa?aeoa?enoeeie
iniaaiiinoae e cia/eiinoae eaaeaeie eiiiaaoeee.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: aa?iyeinenoaia, aa?ieaiaeoaoo, yeieiae/aneea
eiiiaaoeee, eeanneoeeaoeey, yeioaoiieiaee,
yeieiae/aneee aoaeeo e iaiaaeaeiaio.
Mudrak O.V. Ecological appreciation of innovation processes in Agro-
Industrial Complex of Podillia. – Is appted.
The thesis for a candidates degree of agriculture scienses, the
speciality
03.00.16-ecology. National Agrarian University, Kyiv, 1999.
This scientific work deals with the ecological innovation classification
to
limitting the antropologicul pressure in agroecosistems and growing of
productivity.
It also deals with the complex methods of ecology appreciation of
agrolandscape
and improving the state of the environment by the innovation in
agrosphere. This is
the first appreciation of the modern ecoagrochemical state of the
agrocultural lands
of Vinnitsa region (this is 47) and agroecologicul maps (14) are formed
(they are
used by agricultural and environment protection organizations). In this
work
methodical reccomendations are made for improvement of the ecology
situation in
the region. The priority ways are appointed to the development of the
ecotechnology changes in AIC of Podillia.
Key words: agroechosystem, agrolandscape, ecologicul innovation,
classification, ecotechnologies, ecological audit and managment.
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