.

Дослідження режимів відпускання та облік споживання теплоти в системах централізованого теплопостачання: Автореф. дис… канд. техн. наук / В.В. Шарко

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I?I?NOA?NOAI INA?OE OE?A?IE

Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao

aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e

OA?EIA Aieiaeeie? A?eoi?iae/

OAeE
697.34

AeINE?AeAEAIIss ?AAEEI?A A?AeIONEAIIss OA IAE?E NIIAEEAAIIss

OAIEIOE A NENOAIAO OeAIO?AE?CIAAIIAI OAIEIIINOA*AIIss

05.23.03 – aaioeeyoe?y, ina?oeaiiy oa oaieiaaciiinoa/aiiy

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe

Oa?e?a 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a I?eaei?i?ianuee?e aea?aeaai?e aeaaeai?? aoae?aieoeoaa

oa a?o?oaeoo?e

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee:

Aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe , i?ioani?

?ice?i Ieoaeei sseiae/

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:

Aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
Iieoaanueeiai

aea?aeaaiiai oaoi?/iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo

No?ie Aiaoie?e Oaaei?iae/

Eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe,
aeioeaio Aeiiaanueei?

aea?aeaaii? aeaaeai??
aoae?aieoeoaa oa

a?o?oaeoo?e

Ieaenthe Aiaoie?e Ieaen?eiae/

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – Ee?anueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao

aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 12 ” eenoiiaaea 1999 ?. ia 11 aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 64.056.03 i?e Oa?e?anueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio oaoi?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e ca
aae?anith: 310002, i.Oa?e?a, aoe.Noinueea, 40.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? oi?aa?neoaoo.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “ 11 ” aeiaoiy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii?

a/aii? ?aaee
Eieioeei I.?.

Caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe

Aeooaeuei?noue ?iaioe. Nenoaie oaieiiinoa/aiiy i?no ? ianaeaieo ioieo?a
Oe?a?ie iathoue a nai?io neeaae? a?eueo i?ae 3,5 oeny/? iiaethaaeueieo
eioaeaiue, ye? niiaeeaathoue ui??/ii a?eueoa 7 iei.o. oiiaiiai iaeeaa,
ia?aaaaeii, i?e?iaeiiai aaco. I?eaeecii oaea ae e?euee?noue iaeeaa
aeei?enoiao?oueny aeey ae?iaieoeoaa oa iinoa/aiiy oaieioe a i?nuee?
nenoaie oaieiiinoa/aiiy oaieiaeaeo?ioeaio?aeyie (OAOe) ?
ae?iaie/i-iiaethaaeueieie eioaeueiyie i?iieneiaeo i?aei?e?inoa.
Iaae?eia, no?eea ? aoaeoeaia oaieiiinoa/aiiy eiioiaeueii-iiaooiaiai
naeoi?a iaiao?aeia aeey caaacia/aiiy ii?iaeueieo oiia aeeooy, i?aoe? ?
a?aeii/eieo i?eueeii?a aeeoae?a Oe?a?ie.

Oaieiiinoa/ath/? i?aei?e?inoaa Oe?a?ie ooieoe?iiothoue a neeaaeieo
oiiaao, ui iaoiiaeaii ianooiieie iniiaieie i?e/eiaie:

-iaaeinoaoiueith a??ia?aei?noth ? iaa?oioiaai?noth aeo?aeieo aeaieo
i?i iio?aao a oaieio? ? iaeea?;

-iaa?aeiia?aei?noth oaeoe/ieo ?aaeei?a iiaea/? oaiea niiaeeaa/ai ?
ii?iaoeaieo ?aaeei?a oaieiiinoa/aiiy ii aeo?ao? ? oaiia?aoo??
oaieiiin?y;

-cia/iei a?ae?aae?/iei ?ic?aaoethaaiiyi oaieiaeo ia?aae, iniaeeai
i?ioyaeieo ? ?icaaeoaeaieo, a oiio /ene? ? ca ?aooiie ianaieoe?iiiaaieo
ci?i ae?aiao??a caoaeoth/eo i?eno?i?a ? ae?ao?aai;

-iayai?noth aaeeeiai /enea ii?ooaiue niiaeeaa/aie i?aaee
ei?enooaaiiy oaieiaith aia?a??th ? a?aenooi?noth a ?yae? aeiaaee?a
iaoiaeeee ioe?iee iaoiiaeaieo oeei aeo?ao oaieioe;

-iecueeei ??aiai caaacia/aiiy niiaeeaa/?a i?eeaaeaie iae?eo oaieioe
? aa?y/i? aiaee;

-cia/iei ca?eueoaiiyi aa?oino? i?aai?/iiai iaeeaa ? oaieioe, yea
ae?iaey?oueny ia eiai iniia?.

Oe? oa ?io? ianoaaeie aecia/athoue aeooaeuei?noue ?iaioe, iai?aaeaii? ia
i?aeaeuaiiy aenieoaoaoe?eii? iaae?eiino? ? aoaeoeaiino? ?iaioe aiaeyieo
nenoai oaieiiinoa/aiiy i?aei?e?inoa oaieiaiai ainiiaea?noaa aea?aeaae.

Iaoa ?iaioe. I?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ooieoe?iioaaiiy
oaieiiinoa/ath/eo i?aei?e?inoa ca ?aooiie oaeineiiaeaiiy ieaioaaiiy
ae?iaieoeoaa, iae?eo ? oi?aae?iiy ?aae?caoe??th oaieiai? aia?a??.

Iniiai? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy:

-i?iaaaeaiiy aiae?co aieeao oaiia?aoo?ii-/aniaeo oaeoi??a ?
i?eeiyoeo ?aaeei?a ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeioneo oaieioe ia aaee/eio ieaiiaiai
? oaeoe/iiai eiioiaeueii-iiaooiaiai oaieiniiaeeaaiiy;

-?ic?iaea iaoiaeeee aecia/aiiy e?eueeino? oaieioe, yea
niiaeeaa?oueny ia iio?aae iiaeaiiy, aaioeeyoe?? ? aa?y/iai
aiaeiiinoa/aiiy, i?e a?aeoeeaii? oaeoe/ieo ?aaeei?a ?aaoethaaiiy
a?aeioneo oaieioe a?ae ii?iaoeaieo;

-aiae?c aieeao aecia/ath/eo oaeoi??a ia ao?aoe oaieioe ? oaieiiin?y
a aiaeyieo oaieiaeo ia?aaeao oa ?ic?iaea iaoiaeeee, yea caaacia/o?
iiaeeea?noue ii?ioaaiiy ? ieaioaaiiy aaee/eie aeo?eaiiy oaieiiin?y;

-ei?aeooaaiiy aeiaia??ieo a?aeiinei i?ae oaieiiinoa/ath/eie
i?aei?e?inoaaie ? niiaeeaa/aie, ye? iathoue i?eeaaee iae?eo oaieioe;

-ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy a i?aeoeeo ?iaioe
i?aei?e?inoa oaieiaeo ia?aae Oe?a?ie.

Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa aeeiiaia a iaaeao eiiieaenii? aea?aeathaeaeaoii?
iaoeiai-aeine?aeii? ?iaioe “I?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ? iaae?eiino?
nenoai ?iaeaia?iiai caaacia/aiiy ianaeaieo ioieo?a, i?iieneiaeo
ia’?eo?a, aoae?aaeue ? nii?oae”.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia ?iaioe:

-iaa?oioiaaia iaoiaeeea ? io?eiai? ?ic?aooieia? caeaaeiino? aeey
aecia/aiiy iio?aae a oaieio? eiioiaeueii-iiaooiaeo niiaeeaa/?a;

-cai?iiiiiaai? caeaaeiino? aeey aecia/aiiy aaee/eie oaieiniiaeeaaiiy i?e
a?aeoeeaii? ?aaeei?a oaieiiinoa/aiiy a?ae ii?iaoeaieo;

-aeeiiaiee aiae?c ? io?eiai? aiae?oe/i? caeaaeiino? aieeao ??cieo
oaeoi??a ia aaee/eio aeo?eaiiy oaieiiin?y c aiaeyieo oaieiaeo ia?aae.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ?iaioe aecia/a?oueny ??oaiiyi ieoaiue, iia’ycaieo c
aeiiii??th iaeeaa, ae?iaieoeoaii, ?aae?caoe??th ? ?aoe?iiaeueiei
niiaeeaaiiyi oaieiai? aia?a??, ui aaaea aei cieaeaiiy ciai?oiuei?
caeaaeiino? aea?aeaae a?ae ?iii?oo iaeeaa; aecia/aiiyi oaieiaeo
iaaaioaaeaiue niiaeeaa/?a i?e a?aeoeeaii? oaeoe/ieo ?aaeei?a
oaieiiinoa/aiiy a?ae ii?iaoeaieo, i?e ii?ooaiiyo niiaeeaa/aie i?aaee
ei?enooaaiiy oaieiaith aia?a??th; iiaeeea?noth ?aaeueiiai aecia/aiiy
aaee/eie aeo?eaiiy oaieiiin?y c aiaeyieo oaieiaeo ia?aae.

Iniaenoa o/anoue aaoi?a:

-io?eiaii ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue aaee/ei o?eaaeinoae oa na?aaei?o
oaiia?aoo? iiaethaaeueieo ia??iae?a;

-aeine?aeaeaii aieea a?aeoeeaiue ?aaeei?a a?aeioneaiiy oa niiaeeaaiiy
oaieioe a?ae ii?iaoeaieo ia aaee/eio oaeoe/iiai oaieiniiaeeaaiiy,
?ic?iaeaii oeyoe ?o e?euee?niiai aecia/aiiy;

-aecia/aii ? aeine?aeaeaii oaeoi?e, ye? aieeaathoue ia aaee/eio
aeo?eaiiy oaieiiin?y ?c aiaeyieo oaieiaeo ia?aae;

-?ic?iaeaii eiiieaen i?iiiceoe?e ii aaeineiiaeaiith aeiaia??ieo
a?aeiinei i?ae i?aei?e?inoaaie-iinoa/aeueieeaie ? niiaeeaa/aie oaieioe c
??ciei nooiaiai caaacia/aiino? i?eeaaeaie iae?eo oaieioe.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. Iniiaiee ci?no ?iaioe iia?aeiieaii ? iaaiai?aii ia
?anioae?eainuee?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “I?aeaeuaiiy
aoaeoeaiino? ?iaioe oaieiaeo ainiiaea?noa Oe?a?ie” (i.*a?eane, 1992 ?.);
?anioae?eainuee?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “Aia?aicaa??aath/?
oaoiieia?? ? ?o ?ioi?iaoe?eia caaacia/aiiy” (i.?aaii-O?aie?anuee, 1993
?.); iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? aeeeaaea/?a, ni?a?ia?oiee?a ?
ani??aio?a Ee?anueeiai ?iaeaia?ii-aoae?aaeueiiai ?inoeoooo (i.Ee?a, 1993
?.); iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? aeeeaaea/?a, ni?a?ia?oiee?a ?
ani??aio?a Aei?i?iiao?ianueeiai ?iaeaia?ii-aoae?aaeueiiai ?inoeoooo
(i.Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, 1993 ? 1995 ?.?.).

Ca iaoa??aeaie aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 9 ae?oeiaaieo ?ia?o.

No?oeoo?a ? ianya ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio,
/ioe?ueio aeaa, caaaeueieo aeniiae?a , nieneo e?oa?aoo?e ?c 87
iaeiaioaaiue ? 8 aeiaeaoe?a. Ianya aeena?oaoe??- 151 noi??iea, a oiio
/ene? 18 oaaeeoeue ? 25 iaethie?a.

Ci?no ?iaioe

O anooi? iaa?oioiaaia aeioe?euei?noue ? aeooaeuei?noue i?iaeaie,
aecia/aia iaoa ?iaioe ? ?? i?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue.

A ia?oiio ?icae?e? aeeiiaiee iaeyae e?oa?aoo?e c ieoaiue noaio ? aiae?co
aoaeoeaiino? ae?iaieoeoaa ? ?aae?caoe?? oaieiai? aia?a?? a
aeeoeiai-eiioiaeueiiio ainiiaea?noa?.

Ii?ioaaiiy niiaeeaaiiy oaieioe ia iiaeaiiy, aaioeeyoe?th ? aa?y/a
aiaeiiinoa/aiiy, iaa?oiooaaiiy aaee/ei oaieiniiaeeaaiiy ia aeani?
iio?aae aeaea?ae oaieioe ? oaieiaeo ao?ao a ia?aae? ? iaiao?aeiith
oiiaith aoaeoeaiiai ooieoe?iioaaiiy oaieiaeo ia?aae ? aeiiii??
iaeeaii-aia?aaoe/ieo ?ano?n?a. Aeineoue aenieee ??aaiue ?ic?iaee
ii?iaoeaii? aace iaiao?aeiee aeey iaa?oiooaaiiy iio?aae a iaeea? ?
oi?ioaaiiy aeiaiai??a ia eiai iinoa/aiiy, iaa?oiooaaiiy eiai caian?a,
iia?aoeaiiai eiio?ieth ? ca?oiino? i?i niiaeeaaiiy iaeeaa ? ioe?ioe?
aoaeoeaiino? aia?aicaa??aath/eo caoiae?a.

Aecia/aiiy iio?aae a oaieio? cae?enith?oueny oaieioaoi?/iei ?ic?aooieii
/e ii ca?eueoaieo iieacieeao. Ii??aiyiiy ?acoeueoao?a, iaea?aeaieo ca
oeeie iaoiaeeeaie, iieaco? nooo?a? ?icoiaeaeaiiy, aeeeeeai? iayai?noth
iaa?aoiaaieo ao?ao oaieioe. A?aeoeeaiiy a o?eaaeino? iiaethaaeueiiai
ia??iaeo, iayai?noue oae caaiiai “ia?ao?aeiiai” ia??iaeo, aeineoue /anoa
?iaioa nenoai oaieiiinoa/aiiy a ?aaeei? ye?nii-e?euee?niiai ?aaoethaaiiy
aeiaaathoue ?ic?iaee iaoiae?a e?euee?niiai iae?eo aieeao oeeo oa ?ioeo
?aaeeiieo oaeoi??a a?aeioneo oaieioe i?e iaiiai?e caaacia/aiino?
niiaeeaa/?a i?eeaaeaie iae?eo oaieiai? aia?a??.

Ie?aiiai ?icaeyaeo caneoaiao? ieoaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao
aenieoaoaoe?eieo ia?aiao??a ia ao?aoe oaieiiin?y ? oaieioe c aiaeyieo
nenoai oaieiiinoa/aiiy.

O caaa?oaii? ia?oiai ?icae?eo noi?ioeueiaai? iaoa ? iniiai? caaea/?
aeine?aeaeaiiy.

O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? iaaaaeai? ?ic?iaee c oaeineiiaeaiiy iaoiaeeee
aecia/aiiy aaee/eie oaieiaiai iaaaioaaeaiiy ia eiioiaeueii-iiaooia?
iio?aae i?e ci?iao oaiia?aoo?ii-/aniaeo oa ?ioeo ia?aiao??a a nenoaiao
oaieiiinoa/aiiy.

?ic?aooieiaee iiaethaaeueiee ia??iae aeey ianaeaieo ioieo?a Oe?a?ie
iaiaaeaiee aei?noei aecia/aieie no?ieaie. Iaeiae, aei ii/aoeo ? i?ney
e?ioey iiaethaaeueiiai ia??iaea, ii??aiyii /anoi, niinoa??aathoueny
na?aaeiueiaeiaia? oaiia?aoo?e ciai?oiueiai iia?o?y ieae/a 8wmetafile8?
??AEi?noe? iaae? iiaethaaeueieo ia??iae?a ia iiaeooue caaeiaieueieoe
a?eueo?noue niiaeeaa/?a oaieioe /a?ac eieeaaiiy oaiia?aoo?e iia?o?y
ana?aaeei? i?ei?uaiue, yea caeaaeeoue a?ae oaiia?aoo?e ciai?oiueiai
iia?o?y ? ci?ith?oueny c ia??iaeii ii/aoeo ioieiaeaeaiiy 1-2 aiaeeie.
*a?ac 15-16 aiaeei i?ney ii/aoeo noiyiiy oaiia?aoo?e ciai?oiueiai
iia?o?y aeecueei 8,5wmetafile8? ??Aiae?c aeaieo oaiia?aoo?
ciai?oiueiai iia?o?y aei ii/aoeo ? i?ney cae?i/aiiy iiaethaaeueieo
ia??iae?a ca 25 ?ie?a iieaco?, ui a??ia?aei?noue ii?-iaeueieo
oaiia?aoo?ieo oiia a iiaethaaeueieo i?ei?uaiiyo neeaaea?, a?aeiia?aeii,
aeecueei 30% (7-8 ?ie?a) aei ii/aoeo ? aeecueei 40% (10-11 ?ie?a) i?ney
cae?i/aiiy iiaethaaeueieo ia??iae?a. A ca’yceo c oeei ?aaeueia
o?eaae?noue iiaethaaeueiiai ia??iaea wmetafile8? ???????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
?a???&??yyyy?????AyyyAyyy ??A?????&?
?MathType??P????u?th??????

wmetafile8?
??«??????????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
????????????&??yyyy?????AyyyAyyy@??A?????&?
?MathType??P????u?th??????

wmetafile8? ??????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
` ???&??yyyy?????Ayyy§yyy`???????&??MathType??a?
???u?????????”????-????? S??? M???u?th??????

Aiaeia?/i? caeaaeiino? ciaeaeai? ? aeey oiia oeaio?ae?ciaaiiai aa?y/iai
aiaeiiinoa/aiiy.

Oaeei /eiii, iaa?oioiaaia ei?aeooaaiiy o?eaaeinoae ? na?aaei?o
oaiia?aoo? iiaethaaeueieo ia??iae?a aeicaiey? a?eueo oi/i?oa aecia/aoe
aaee/eie oaieiaeo iaaaioaaeaiue oa aiineoe iii?aaeo a a?e ?o ca?eueoaiiy
a na?aaeiueiio ia 5-6%.

Aaee/eie ?ic?aooieiaeo oaiia?aoo? aioo??oiueiai iia?o?y a i?ei?uaiiyo
twmetafile8? ??™????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
@????&??yyyy?????oeyyy?yyyoe???o?????&??MathType??P????u
y??????Iayai?noue a aeayeeo nenoaiao oaieiiinoa/aiiy niiaeeaa/?a c
?ic?aooieiaith aioo??oiueith oaiia?aoo?ith twmetafile8? ?? Ae??ooth/e
??aiyiiy oaiia?aoo?iiai a?ao?eo oeaio?aeueiiai ye?niiai ?aaoethaaiiy,
i?e ?ic?aooieia?e oaiia?aoo?? iia?o?y ana?aaeei? iiaethaaeueieo
i?ei?uaiue twmetafile8? ??™????????????
???????????yyy????.????1?????????????
@????&??yyyy?????oeyyy?yyyoe???o?????&??MathType??P????u
y??????

wmetafile8?
??A??????????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
????????A???&??yyyy?????Ayyyµyyy???5?????&??MathType??a?
???u?????????”????-?????N???a???u?th?????? Iaeiae, i?aenoaiiaea wmetafile8? ??????????????? ???????????yyy????.????1????????????? ?`???&??yyyy?????AyyyAyyy ??A?????&? ?MathType??P????u?th?????? wmetafile8? ??K??????????? ???????????yyy????.????1?????????????` )???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyya(???????&? ?MathType?????uVyU????? ??oaiiy (4) ?ethno?o?oueny iaethieii 1. ?aaeuei? oaieia? iaaaioaaeaiiy i?e ?ic?aooieia?e oaiia?aoo?? iia?o?y ana?aaeei? iiaethaaeueieo i?ei?uaiue, yea a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae oaiia?aoo?e, aeey yei? noi?iiaaiee oaiia?aoo?iee a?ao?e, iiaeooue aooe aecia/ai? ca ?ic?iaeaiith ? i?eaaaeaiith a aeena?oaoe?? iiiia?aiith. Iaethiie 1- Caeaaei?noue oaeoe/ii? oaiia?aoo?e iia?o?y ana?aaeei? iiaethaaeueieo i?ei?uaiue a?ae ciai?oiuei? oaiia?aoo?e iia?o?y Ciaioaiiy niiaeeaa/aie ?ic?aooieiai? ieiu? iiaa?oi? iaa??aaiiy iiaethaaeueieo i?eeaae?a a iiaethaaeueieo i?ei?uaiiyo /anoi ia? ia iao? i?iii?oe?eia cieaeaiiy aaee/eie na?aaeiueii?ny/iiai (aeiaia??iiai) oaieiaiai iaaaioaaeaiiy ii iiaeaiith c ioi?ieaiiyi aeainoi?iii?o aeiaiai??a. Iaeiae, a?aeiia?aeia caeaaei?noue ia ? i?yii i?iii?oe?eiith. ??oaiiy oe??? caaea/? i?e wmetafile8? ?? wmetafile8? ??3/4??????????? ???????????yyy????.????1????????????? aA&???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyy?&??’?????&? ?MathType???????u?yA????? aai ca iiiia?aiith, i?eaaaeaiith ia iaethieo 2. Iiiia?aia aeicaiey? aecia/aoe ?aaeuei? oaieia? iaaaioaaeaiiy ca iiaeaiiyi i?e ia?ic?aooieia?e ieiu? iiaa?oi? iiaethaaeueieo i?eeaae?a. O nenoaiao oaieiiinoi/aiiy c aeaea?aeaie “iieoiii?” oaieioe, aieiaiei /eiii OAOe, a a?eueoino? aeiaaee?a oeaio?aeueia ye?nia ?aaoethaaiiy o?ainoi?io?oueny a ye?nii-e?euee?nia, a oaiia?aoo?a aiaee a iiaeaaaeuei?e iaa?no?ae? o iae?e nooiai? ei?aeth?oueny c oaiia?aoo?ith ciai?oiueiai iia?o?y, ui iaoiiaeth?, iae/ano?oa, iaaeeeoie oaieioe o niiaeeaa/?a. Aeey aecia/aiiy ia?aaeo?aoe oaieioe c aeie iinoa/aeueieea oaieioe aeei?enoiao?oueny ??aiyiiy (5) i?e wmetafile8? ??U???????????? ???????????yyy????.????1????????????? a????&??yyyy?????Ayyyayyy@??A?????&? ?MathType??P????u?th??????-aeey cae?eoeo nenoai oaieiiinoa/aiiy wmetafile8? ??$??????????? ???????????yyy????.????1?????????????` ???&??yyyy?????Ayyy§yyya???????&??MathType??a? ???u?????????"????-????? -??? ”???uEyO????? -aeey a?aee?eoeo nenoai oaieiiinoa/aiiy wmetafile8? ????????????? ???????????yyy????.????1?????? ???????`????&??yyyy?????Ayyy§yyy@???????&? ?MathType??a? ???u?????????"????-????? -??? ”??? 5??? ???u?th?????? aea wmetafile8? ??Ia i?aenoaa? ?ic?aooie?a cai?iiiiiaaia iiiia?aia, yea aeicaiey? iia?aoeaii aecia/aoe a?aeiia?aeio ia?aaeo?aoo oaieioe. Aeniea aa?o?noue oaieiai? aia?a?? ? noeioeii aei oiai, ui i?ioyaii iiaethaaeueiiai ia??iaeo /anoeia niiaeeaa/?a iiai?noth /e /anoeiai a?aeeeth/athoue nenoaie i?eieeaii? aaioeeyoe?? c ioi?ieaiiyi aeainoi?iii?o aeo?a i?i a?aeiia?aeia cieaeaiiy oaieiaeo iaaaioaaeaiue. I?e oeueiio, ye i?aaeei, ia a?aoiao?oueny oa ianoaaeia, ui i?eieeaia aaioeeyoe?y aeeeth/a? iai?aai?ciaaiee i?eieea iia?o?y a i?ei?uaiiy aiane?aeie ?io?eueo?aoe??. A?aeeeth/aiiy ?? i?eaiaeeoue aei ?aae?caoe?? ?aaeeio i?e?iaeii? aa?aoe??, a ?io?eueo?oth/a, a ?acoeueoao? oeueiai i?ioeano, oieiaeia iia?o?y aeia??aa?oueny aei na?aaeiuei? oaiia?aoo?e iia?o?y a i?ei?uaiiyo iiaethaaeueiiai ia’?eoo ? aeoiaeeoue /a?ac nenoaio aeoyaeieo eaiae?a. Oey ianoaaeia i?aeaeuo? oaieiaa iaaaioaaeaiiy nenoaie iiaeaiiy ia aaee/eiowmetafile8? ?? Iaethiie 2- Iiiia?aia aeey aecia/aiiy iii?aai/ieo eiao?oe??io?a aei oaieiaiai iaaaioaaeaiiy ca iiaeaiiyi i?e ci?i? ieiu? iiaa?oi? iaa??aaiiy iiaethaaeueieo i?eeaae?a a wmetafile8? ?? wmetafile8? ?????????????? ???????????yyy????.????1?????? ???????`????&??yyyy?????Ayyy§yyy@???????&? ?MathType??a? ???u?????????"????-????? O??? 3/4???u?th?????? a na?aaeiueii?ny/ia oaieiaa iaaaioaaeaiiy iiaethaaeueiiai ia’?eoo cieaeo?oueny ia wmetafile8? ??±???????????? ???????????yyy????.????1????????????? ?????&??yyyy?????AyyyAyyy@??A?????&? ?MathType??P????u?th?????? wmetafile8? ?????????????? ???????????yyy????.????1?????? ???????@A???&??yyyy?????Ayyy·yyy???/?????&? ?MathType???? ???u?????????"????-?????  ??? Ae ???u?th?????? A o?aoueiio ?icae?e? ?icaeyaeathoueny ieoaiiy oi?aae?iiy ?aae?caoe??th oaieiai? aia?a?? c o?aooaaiiyi aieeao ?aaeeiieo oaeoi??a i?e iaiiaiiio caaacia/aii? niiaeeaa/?a i?eeaaeaie iae?eo. C?inoaiiy oe?i ia eiioiaeuei? iineoae ?, cie?aia, ia oaieiao aia?a?th ? i/aaeaeiei noeioeii ? i?aenoaaith aeey a?eueo aeiiaeeaiai a?aeiioaiiy aei yeino? iaaeaieo iineoa. Aaciina?aaeiueith oa?aeoa?enoeeith yeino? oaieiiinoa/aiiy ? oaeoe/ia oaiia?aoo?a iia?o?y ana?aaeei? iiaethaaeueieo i?ei?uaiue (aeey e-eo ae?a wmetafile8? ??????????????? ???????????yyy????.????1????????????? ?A???&??yyyy?????AyyyAyyy???A?????&? ?MathType??P????u?th?????? wmetafile8? ??~??????????? ???????????yyy????.????1?????? ????????` ???&??yyyy?????Ayyy»yyy ??;?????&? ?MathType??a? ???u?????????"????-????????? ???u?th?????? Ca eaeaiaea?iee i?nyoeue i?e eiai aeiaaio?eaaeino? wmetafile8? ??????????????? ???????????yyy????.????1?????? ????????`???&??yyyy?????AyyyAyyy ??A?????&? ?MathType??P????u?th?????? wmetafile8? ?????????????? ???????????yyy????.????1?????? ???????Aa???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyy ??o?????&? ?MathType??? ???u?????????"????-?????HTH???HE ???u?th?????? A?aoiaoth/e aeiaaio?eaae?noue iiaethaaeueiiai ia??iaeo wmetafile8? ?? wmetafile8? ??f??????????? ???????????yyy????.????1?????? ???????aA???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyy?????????&??MathType??°? ???u?????????"????-?????ue‡???ue7???u?th?????? ui ?ethno?o?oueny iaethieii 3. Aeineoue /ano? ia?aai? a iiaea/? aa?y/i? aiaee niiaeeaa/ai a cia/i?e /anoei? aeiaaee?a aecia/a?oueny a?ae?aae?/iei ?aaeeiii nenoaie ? aaciina?aaeiuei caeaaeaoue a?ae aaee/eie oeneo ia eieaeoi?? aeaea?aea oaieioe /e a ?io?e aoceia?e oi/oe?: i?e Iaethiie 3- Caeaaei?noue oaieiaiai iaaaioaaeaiiy ii iiaeaiith a?ae oaeoe/ii? oaiia?aoo?e iia?o?y ana?aaeei? iiaethaaeueieo i?ei?uaiue oeueiio aeaye?, iniaeeai aa?oi? iiaa?oe, /anoi ia iaea?aeothoue aa?y/i? aiaee. E??i oiai, aeao?oeeo aiaee ieoii? yeino? iaoiiaeth? ?aeiioaaiiy (a?aeeeth/aiiy) iiaea/? ye oieiaeii?, oae ? aa?y/i? aiaee ca aeiyie oeaeiy /e aiaeeiaie aeiae. A oiiaao c?inoaiiy aa?oino? oaieioe ? aa?y/i? aiaee a?aeeeth/aiiy oeaio?ae?ciaaiiai aa?y/iai aiaeiiinoa/aiiy iiaeiii noi?iaiaeaeoaaoeny a?aeiia?aeiei cieaeaiiyi oaieiaiai iaaaioaaeaiiy. A?aoiaoth/e iieaciee, yeee oa?aeoa?eco? neooaoe?th ieaiiai? iiaea/? aiaee aeey i-? aiaeeie e-eo ae?a (wmetafile8? ??????????????? ???????????yyy????.????1????????????? ?`???&??yyyy?????AyyyAyyy ??A?????&? ?MathType??P????u?th?????? wmetafile8? ??'??????????? ???????????yyy????.????1?????? ????????? ???&??yyyy?????AyyyAyyy@ ??A?????&? ?MathType??P????u?th?????? O oi?ioe? (13) wmetafile8? ??????????????? ???????????yyy????.????1?????????????? ???&??yyyy?????AyyyAyyya??A?????&? ?MathType??P????u?th?????? wmetafile8? ??«??????????? ???????????yyy????.????1????????????? ?5???&??yyyy?????Ayyy°yyy@5????????&??MathType??` ???u?????????"????-????? O /ene?aieeo ? ciaiaiieeo iacia/iee aeiaeaoie ia?aaeaa/aiee aeey caiia?aaiiy iiaeeeaiai ae?eaiiy ia ioeue. O oi?ioe? (14) wmetafile8? ??????????????? ???????????yyy????.????1????????????? ?`???&??yyyy?????AyyyAyyy ??A?????&? ?MathType??P????u?th?????? wmetafile8? ??"??????????? ???????????yyy????.????1?????????????  ?%???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyyA$??_?????&? ?MathType??????u%thTH????? Ia iaethieo 4 iaaaaeaia caeaaei?noue wmetafile8? ??????????????? ???????????yyy????.????1????????????? ?`???&??yyyy?????AyyyAyyy ??A?????&? ?MathType??P????u?th?????? Iaethiie 4- Aaeaioaoe?y oaeoe/ieo ?aaeei?a niiaeeaaiiy aa?y/i? aiaee aei ieaiiaeo ia?a?a a ?o iiaea/? A oiiaao iaiiaii? caaacia/aiino? niiaeeaa/?a i?eeaaeaie iae?eo oaieioe ? aa?y/i? aiaee /anoi aeieea? iaiao?aei?noue ia’?eoeaiiai ei?aeooaaiiy, a a?eueoino? aeiaaee?a a a?e cieaeaiiy, aaee/eie niiaeeaaiiy oaieioe aaiiaioaie. Ii??aithth/e na?aaeiueii?ny/ia (aeiaia??ia) niiaeeaaiiy oaieioe ia iio?aae iiaeaiiy ? aa?y/iai aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy c e?euee?noth oaieioe, a?aeiouaii? a oaieiao ia?aaeo wmetafile8? ??»???????????? ???????????yyy????.????1?????????????? ???&??yyyy?????AyyyAyyya??A?????&? ?MathType??P????u?th?????? wmetafile8? ?????????????? ???????????yyy????.????1?????? ???????``???&??yyyy?????Ayyyµyyy ???????&? ?MathType???? ???u?????????"????-????? ??????u?th?????? noa? iiaeeeaei aecia/eoe noia?io iaaeiiiaea/o oaieiai? aia?a?? niiaeeaa/ai wmetafile8? ?? wmetafile8? ??-??????????? ???????????yyy????.????1????????????? ?a,???&??yyyy?????AyyyAyyy ,??A?????&??MathType??? ???u?????????"????-?????|*???|‹???|e???|y???| A /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? aeine?aeaeaiee aieea aenieoaoaoe?eieo ia?aiao??a ia ao?aoe oaieiiin?y c aiaeyieo oaieiaeo ia?aae. Ii?iaoeaia cia/aiiy aeo?eaiiy oaieiiin?y ?c aiaeyieo oaieiaeo ia?aae anoaiiaeth?oueny a aeieyo ii a?aeiioaiith aei ia’?io aiaee, yeee ciaoiaeeoueny a nenoai? oaieiiinoa/aiiy. Iaeiae, aeacaiee ii?iaoea aeey aiaeyieo nenoai oaieiiinoa/aiiy iiaea?oueny iaiaa?oioiaaii caieaeaiei, ui aaciina?aaeiuei i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny aaaaoi??/ieie niinoa?aaeaiiyie ca oaeoe/ieie aaee/eiaie aeo?eaiue ?c nenoai oaieiiinoa/aiiy. Iayai?noue o niiaeeaa/?a i?eeaae?a iae?eo aeiaaa? aianaiiy aeayeeo ci?i a ?ic?aooieiao oi?ioeo aeey aecia/aiiy ao?ao oaieioe, iaoiiaeaieo aeo?eaiiyi oaieiiin?y ?c aiaeyieo oaieiaeo ia?aae. Ia iniia? ?icaeyaeo aa??aio?a aeo?eaiiy ?c iiaeaaaeueiiai o?oaii?iaiaeo aei i?eeaae?a iae?eo, i?ney ieo ? ?c cai?ioii? iaa?no?ae?, a iaaeao aaeainiai? iaeaaeiino? oaieiai? ia?aae?, iaea?aeai? caeaaeiino? aaee/eie ao?aoe oaieioe wmetafile8? ??±???????????? ???????????yyy????.????1????????????? ?????&??yyyy?????AyyyAyyy@??A?????&? ?MathType??P????u?th?????? wmetafile8? ??)??????????? ???????????yyy????.????1????????????? A`6???&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyy 6??o?????&? ?MathType??p????uAyU????? wmetafile8? ????????????? ???????????yyy????.????1?????????????  ?!???&??yyyy?????Ayyy»yyy@!??[?????&? ?MathType???????uVyU????? wmetafile8? ??g??????????? ???????????yyy????.????1????????????? a????&??yyyy?????Ayyy1/2yyy@?? I?e a?eueo aeaoaeueiiio aiae?c? aeieeathoue a?aeiia?aei? caia?a/aiiy i?ioe ii?yaeeo i?ae?aooieo ii?iaoeaii? aaee/eie aeo?eaiiy oaieiiin?y a aeieyo a?ae ia’?io aiaee, yeee ciaoiaeeoueny a nenoai? oaieiiinoa/aiiy. Ae?enii, e?euee?noue aiaee, yea aeo?ea?, iai?eeeaae, /a?ac ioa?? a iinoaeei? /e o?oaii?iaiae?, acaaae? ia caeaaeeoue a?ae ia’?io oe??? iinoaeeie /e o?oaii?iaiaeo. Aaee/eia aeo?eaiiy oaieiiin?y ?c aiaeyii? oaieiai? ia?aae? i?e ?ioeo ??aieo oiiaao aaciina?aaeiuei caeaaeeoue a?ae iiaa?oiaino? caaoaeiae wmetafile8? ??a???????????? ???????????yyy????.????1????????????? @`???&??yyyy?????AyyyAyyy ????????&? ?MathType??p????u?th??????Aeey iae?eo aieeao ia?a?aoiaaieo oaeoi??a ia aaee/eio aeo?eaiiy oaieiiin?y aeei?enoaiee iaoiae aenia?oieo ioe?iie ? i?iaaaeaiee aiae?c ?ioaineaiino? iioieo aaa??e o aiaeyieo oaieiaeo ia?aaeao caeaaeii a?ae ae?aiao??a o?oaii?iaiae?a. ?iaeeoa?aioi?noue no?oeoo?e aea??ee a?ae no?ieo aenieoaoaoe?? oaieiaeo ia?aae aecia/aia c aeei?enoaiiyi /ioe?ueioee?oeiii? oaaeeoe? niieoee. A ?acoeueoao? aiae?co anoaiiaeaii, ui aaee/eia aeo?eaiiy oaieiiin?y (wmetafile8? ??o???????????? ???????????yyy????.????1?????? ???????? ???&??yyyy?????ayyyAyyy???A?????&? ?MathType??P????u y?????? wmetafile8? ??*??????????? ???????????yyy????.????1????????????? Aa&???&??yyyy?????Ayyy»yyy &???????&??MathType???? ???u?????????"????-?????@???Y???u?th?????? Iayai?noue i?eeaae?a iae?eo aeei?enoaii? oaieioe aaiiaioaie i?eaiaeeoue aei a?ae/ooii? aeiiii?? oaieiai? aia?a??, ui aeooaeueii iniaeeai a oiiaao aeniei? aa?oino? iaeeaii-aia?aaoe/ieo ?ano?n?a. Iaeiae, i?e iieao? niiaeeaa/aie aa?oino? oaieioe, e?euee?noue yei? aecia/a?oueny ca i?eeaaeaie iae?eo, cieaeothoueny oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/i? iieacieee i?aei?e?inoa-iinoa/aeueiee?a oaieioe. Oaea noaiiaeua iaoiiaeaii oei, ui o aa?oino? caiuaaeaeaii? oaieioe i?enooi? cao?aoe, ??/ia aaee/eia eio?eo ia caeaaeeoue a?ae aaee/eie a?aeiouaii? oaieioe. Oea cao?aoe ia o?oae, o?oaii?ia?aeio a?iaoo?o, ?aaaaioe, iieaoo i?aoe?, a?ae?aooaaiiy ? o.i. O ?iaio? iieacaii, ui i?e oaeoe/iiio oaieiniiaeeaaii?, iaioei a ii??aiyii? c ?ic?aooieiaei na?aaeiueii?ny/iei, ciaioaiiy cao?ao niiaeeaa/aie, ye? iathoue i?eeaaee iae?eo oaieioe, iiaeiii ?iaeoenue o?eueee a ?ici???, a?aeiia?aeiiio aaee/ei? cao?ao iinoa/aeueieea oaieioe ia iino?ei? neeaaeia? a no?oeoo?? nia?aa?oino? oaieioe: iaeeai, aiaeo, aeaeo?iaia?a?th oa ?io. wmetafile8? ??T????????????? ???????????yyy????.????1?????????????? ???&??yyyy?????AyyyAyyya???A?????&? ?MathType??P????&??yyyy???????????????yyy Caaaeuei? aeniiaee 1.Aoaeoeai?noue ?iaioe oaieiiinoa/ath/eo i?aei?e?inoa a cia/i?e i??? aecia/a?oueny ?acoeueoaoaie ?o o?iainiai-ainiiaea?nueei? ?iaioe, ui iio?aao? i?e /anoeia?e caaacia/aiino? oaieiniiaeeaa/?a i?eeaaeaie iae?eo oaieioe aaeineiiaeaiiy ?ic?aooieiaeo iaoiae?a aecia/aiiy aaee/eie oaieiaeo iaaaioaaeaiue ? ei?aeooaaiiy ?o c o?aooaaiiyi oaeoe/iiai a?aeioneo oaieioe ? aa?y/i? aiaee. 2.Iieacaii, ui i?e aecia/aii? ?ic?aooieiaeo (iaeneiaeueieo) ? na?aaeiueii?ny/ieo cia/aiue oaieiaiai iaaaioaaeaiiy iaiao?aeii a?aoiaoaaoe: -oaeoe/io o?eaae?noue ? na?aaeith oaiia?aoo?o iiaethaaeueiiai ia??iaeo; -i?eeiyoee a nenoai? oaieiiinoa/aiiy ?aaeei oeaio?aeueiiai ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeioneo oaieioe. Iaea?aeai? iniiai? ?ic?aooieia? ni?aa?aeiioaiiy aeey aecia/aiiy o?eaaeino? ? na?aaeiuei? oaiia?aoo?e iiaethaaeueiiai ia??iaeo, a oaeiae ?ic?aooieia? caeaaeiino? aeey aecia/aiiy oaieiaeo iaaaioaaeaiue ca iiaeaiiyi ? oeaio?ae?ciaaiei aa?y/ei aiaeiiinoa/aiiyi. 3.Iieacaii, ui i?eeiyoee a nenoai? oaieiiinoa/aiiy ?aaeei oeaio?aeueiiai ?aaoethaaiiy aieeaa? ia oaieiaee ?aaeei iiaethaaeueieo aoaeeie?a c ?ic?aooieiaith oaiia?aoo?ith aioo??oiueiai iia?o?y a?aei?iii? a?ae i?eeiyoi? aeey oeaio?aeueiiai ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeioneo oaieioe ? iaea?aeaia nenoaia a?aeiia?aeieo ?ic?aooieiaeo caeaaeiinoae. 4.Ooi/iaiee ii?yaeie ei?aeooaaiiy oaieiaeo iaaaioaaeaiue i?e o?ainoi?iaoe?? ye?niiai ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeioneo oaieioe a ye?nii-e?euee?nia, yea aaaea a a?eueoino? aeiaaee?a aei a?ae/ooii? ia?aaeo?aoe oaieioe. 5.Ooi/iaiee ii?yaeie aecia/aiiy oaieiaeo iaaaioaaeaiue i?e ci?i? ieiu? iiaa?oi? iaa??aaiiy iiaethaaeueieo i?eeaae?a nenoaie iiaeaiiy, a oaeiae i?e iiaiiio aai /anoeiaiio a?aeeeth/aii? i?eieeaii? aaioeeyoe??. 6.?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea aecia/aiiy aaee/eie oaieiaiai iaaaioaaeaiiy ii iiaeaiith, yea a?aoiao? a?aeoeeaiiy oaiia?aoo?e aiaee a ia?aae? aei oa i?ney aocea ci?ooaaiiy, oaiia?aoo?e iia?o?y ana?aaeei? iiaethaaeueieo i?ei?uaiue ? aeo?aoe aiaee a ia?aae?. 7.?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea aecia/aiiy aaee/eie niiaeeaaiiy oaieiai? aia?a?? i?e oeaio?ae?ciaaiiio aa?y/iio aiaeiiinoa/aii?, yea a?aoiao? ieaiia? ? oaeoe/i? ?aaeeie iiaea/? aa?y/i? aiaee. 8.?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea aecia/aiiy ao?ao oaieioe i?e aeo?eaii? oaieiiin?y noiniaii aei niiaeeaa/?a, ye? iathoue i?eeaaee iae?eo oaieioe. 9.I?iaaaeaiee aiae?c aieeao aecia/aeueieo oaeoi??a ia aaee/eio aeo?eaiiy oaieiiin?y ?c aiaeyieo oaieiaeo ia?aae ? iaea?aeaia ocaaaeueithth/a ?ic?aooieiaa caeaaei?noue. 10.?ic?iaeaiee ? ai?iaaaeaeo?oueny a i?aeoeeo ?iaioe oaieiiinoa/ath/eo i?aei?e?inoa eiiieaen eiie?aoieo i?iiiceoe?e ii oaeineiiaeaiith aeiaia??ieo a?aeiioaiue i?ae oaieiae?iaeyth/eie i?aei?e?inoaaie ? niiaeeaa/aie oaieioe. Ioae?eaoe?? ca oaiith aeena?oaoe?? 1.Oa?eia A.A., ?iaeei A.O., ?iceei I.ss., Eiii?oeei A.E., Oa?eia A.A. Ii?ie?iaaiea ?anoiaea aiaeu a aiaeyiuo oaieiauo naoyo // Ecaanoey aocia. No?ieoaeuenoai.- 1994.- ?3.-N.73-74. 2.Eiii?oe?i I.E., Iaeaiaae A.I., Iie?ianueeee ?.E., Oa?eia A.A. Aecia/aiiy aeo?aoe aiaee aeey eiiiainaoe?? aeo?eaiiy oaieiiin?y o aiaeyieo oaieiaeo ia?aaeao // Aoae?aieoeoai Oe?a?ie.- 1994.- ?1.-N.36. 3.?iaeei A.O., Oa?eia A.A. ?aaeeiu ?aaiou a?aaee?ai nenoai eiiaeeoeeiie?iaaiey aicaeooa // Aiaeiniaaaeaiea e naieoa?iay oaoieea.- 1995.- ?7.- N.22-24. 4.Ei?aeoe?iaea eiee/anoaaiiuo iieacaoaeae ioionea oaieiou ia ioiieaiea e oeaio?aeeciaaiiia ai?y/aa aiaeiniaaaeaiea / Aaeaaia A.A., Oa?eia A.A., Oi?aiaieeiaa A.I., Oaey E.A. I?eaeiai?. ain. aeaae. no?ieo. e a?oeoaeo.-Aei-ne, 1996.-8 n.-?on.-Aeai. a AIOA Oe?aeiu 15.07.96, ?1571-Oe 96 // Aiio. a ?ao. aeo?i. aeaiiie?. iao/i. ?aaio Oe?aeiu, ?2, 1996. 5.Oi?aiaieeiaa I.I., Aae?aia I.A., Oaey E.I., Oa?eia A.A., ?oaeaiei A.A. ?ic?aooieiaa aecia/aiiy oaeoe/iiai aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy a nenoaiao oeaio?ae?ciaaiiai aa?y/iai aiaeiiinoa/aiiy // Aeni?an-iiaeie: iaoea, oaoi?ea, ae?iaieoeoai.-Ee?a: Oe?.?IO??.- 1996.- ?9-10.-N.38-39. 6.Oa?eia A.A., Eiii?oe?i I.E., ?ice?i I.ss. ?ic?aooieiaa aecia/aiiy nooiaiy i?aeaeeaeaiiy aiaeyieo oaieiaeo ia?aae // ?ioaineo?eaoe?y aoae?aieoeoaa. Ca??iee iaoeiaeo i?aoeue.-Ee?a: ?NAeI.- 1994.-N.291-292. 7.Oa?eia A.A., ?iceei I.ss. Nenoaiaoecaoeey eioaeueiiai iai?oaeiaaiey n eniieueciaaieai IYAI // Oacenu aeieeaaeia iao/ii-oaoie/aneie eiioa?aioeee 2-4 ai?aey 1991 aiaea. Niaa?o. iiaeaio. niaoeeae. a iae. no?-aa e ?aeiino?. caeaiee e nii?oae.-Oa?ueeia: OENE.- 1991.-N.129. 8.Oa?eia A.A. Oi?ie?iaaiea aacu aeaiiuo ii ioiieoaeueiui eioaeueiui//Aiiioaoeee ?aaio iae. eiie.-auno. ia?aae. iiuoa a no?ie. eiaeono?. Yia?ainaa?aaathuea oaoiieiaee, yooaeo. iaoa?. e eiino?. aeey i?ii. e a?aaeae. no?ieo.- Aeiai?iiao?iane: AeENE .- 1991.-N.22. 9.Aae?aia I.A., Oaey E.I., Oi?aiaieeiaa I.I., Oa?eia A.A., ?oaeaiei A.A. Ei?aeoe?y a?aeioneo oaiea niiaeeaa/ai ca a?aenooiino? i?eeaae?a iae?eo // Aeni?an-iiaeie: iaoea, oaoi?ea, ae?iaieoeoai.-Ee?a: Oe?.?IO??.- 1996.- ?9-10.-N.39. Oiiai? iicia/aiiy wmetafile8? ??????????????? ???????????yyy????.????1????????????? ?A???&??yyyy?????AyyyAyyy???A?????&? ?MathType??P????u?th?????? Aiiioaoeey Oa?eia A.A. Enneaaeiaaiea ?aaeeiia ioionea e o/ao iio?aaeaiey oaieiou a nenoaiao oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai oaieiniaaaeaiey. - ?oeiienue. Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.23.03- aaioeeyoeey, inaauaiea e oaieiaaciniaaaeaiea.- Oa?ueeianeee ainoaea?noaaiiue oaoie/aneee oieaa?neoao no?ieoaeuenoaa e a?oeoaeoo?u, Oa?ueeia, 1999 a. Aeenna?oaoeeiiiay ?aaioa iinayuaia ?aoaieth aeooaeueiiai aii?ina-iiauoaieth yooaeoeaiinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oaieiniaaaeathueo i?aaei?eyoee ca n/ao niaa?oainoaiaaiey ieaie?iaaiey i?iecaiaenoaa, o/aoa e oi?aaeaiey ?aaeecaoeeae oaieiaie yia?aee a nenoaiao oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai oaieiniaaaeaiey i?e iaiieiie iaania/aiiinoe iio?aaeoaeae i?eai?aie o/aoa oaieiou. A aeenna?oaoeee i?aaenoaaeaiu ?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiee i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoae e n?aaeieo oaiia?aoo? ioiieoaeueiuo ia?eiaeia. Iieacaii, /oi nouanoaothuea aeanoeea a?aieoeu ioiieoaeueiuo ia?eiaeia ia oaeiaeaoai?ytho aieueoeinoai iio?aaeoaeae oaieiou eiiioiaeueii-auoiaiai naeoi?a. Aeey nicaeaiey ii?iaeueiuo oaiia?aoo?iuo oneiaee a aeeeuo e iauanoaaiiuo iiiauaieyo aei ia/aea e iinea ieii/aiey onoaiiaeaiiuo ii?iaoeaiuo n?ieia ioiieoaeueiuo ia?eiaeia o?aaoaony eo ?anoe?aiea n niioaaonoaothuae ei??aeoe?iaeie n?aaeieo oaiia?aoo? yoeo ia?eiaeia. Iieo/aiu caaeneiinoe ii?aaeaeythuea ?aaeueiua i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe e n?aaeiea oaiia?aoo?u ioiieoaeueiuo ia?eiaeia aeey oeaio?aeeciaaiiuo e aeaoeaio?aeeciaaiiuo nenoai ai?y/aai aiaeiniaaaeaiey, /oi iicaieyao aieaa iauaeoeaii ieaie?iaaoue aiaeiaoth au?aaioeo oaieiou. Iaee/ea a nenoaiao oaieiniaaaeaiey iio?aaeoaeae n ?an/aoiuie oaiia?aoo?aie aicaeooa aioo?e iiiauaiee, ieaea oao, aeey eioi?uo noi?ie?iaai e iiaeaea?aeeaaaony a?aoee oeaio?aeueiiai ea/anoaaiiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey, i?eaiaeeo e iiauoaiui oaiia?aoo?ai aicaeooa a iiiauaieyo e aucuaaao nouanoaaiiue ia?a?anoiae oaieiou. Aeey ii?aaeaeaiey oaieiauo iaa?ocie e oaeoe/aneeo oaiia?aoo? aicaeooa a ioaieeaaaiuo iiiauaieyo oaeeo iio?aaeoaeae ?ac?aaioaiu niioaaonoaothuea caaeneiinoe. Eciaiaiea iio?aaeoaeyie oaieiou ieiuaaee iiaa?oiinoe iaa?aaa ioiieoaeueiuo i?eai?ia i?aneaaeoao , a aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa, oeaeue- nieaeaiea aeiaiai?iie oaieiaie iaa?ocee ii ioiieaieth. Aiaeec ?anniao?eaaaiiai aii?ina naeaeaoaeuenoaoao, /oi aeaiiia ianoiyoaeuenoai ia yaeyaony ii?aaeaeythuei oaeoi?ii i?iii?oeeiiaeueiie ei??aeoe?iaee oaieiaie iaa?ocee. A ?aaioa i?eaaaeaiu ?an/aoiua caaeneiinoe aeey ii?aaeaeaiey oaeoe/aneeo oaieiauo iaa?ocie iio?aaeoaeae n eciaiaiiie ieiuaaeueth iiaa?oiinoe iaa?aaa i?eai?ia nenoaiu ioiieaiey. A nenoaiao oaieiniaaaeaiey n enoi/ieeaie “iieoiiie” oaieiou, aeiaieueii /anoi, oeaio?aeueiia ea/anoaaiiia ?aaoee?iaaiea o?ainoi?ie?oaony a ea/anoaaiii-eiee/anoaaiiia, a oaiia?aoo?a naoaaie aiaeu a iiaeathuae iaaeno?aee ia niioaaonoaoao oaiia?aoo?a ia?oaeiiai aicaeooa, /oi iaoneiaeeaaao, /aua anaai, ecauoie oaieiou o iio?aaeoaeae. Ii oeacaiiiio ioeeiiaieth a ?aaeeia ioionea e iio?aaeaiey oaieiou ?ac?aaioaiu e i?eaaaeaiu niioaaonoaothuea iaoaiaoe/aneea caaeneiinoe, eioi?ua iicaieytho ii?aaeaeyoue aaee/eio “ia?aoiia” eee iaaeiiiaea/e oaieiou iio?aaeoaeyi n o/aoii aeaea nenoaiu oaieiniaaaeaiey, aeiee e niiniaa i?eniaaeeiaiey oaieiaie iaa?ocee ii oeaio?aeeciaaiiiio ai?y/aio aiaeiniaaaeaieth. Aeaoeoeeo aiaeu ieoueaaiai ea/anoaa iaoneiaeeaaao ?aeiie?iaaiiia ioeeth/aiea iiaea/e eae oieiaeiie, oae e ai?y/ae aiaeu a ?ac?aca iaaeaee e nooie. E?iia oiai, ioeeiiaiey a aeae?aaee/aneeo ?aaeeiao nenoai ai?y/aai aiaeiniaaaeaiey i?eaiaeyo e oiio, /oi iaeioi?ua, iniaaiii aa?oiea , yoaaee caeaiee, /anoi ia iieo/atho ai?y/oth aiaeo. A oneiaeyo aic?anoaiey noieiinoe oaieiou e ai?y/ae aiaeu aiaieaiiaua ioeeth/aiey oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai ai?y/aai aiaeiniaaaeaiey aeieaeiu nii?iaiaeaeaoueny niioaaonoaothuei eciaiaieai oaieiaie iaa?ocee. ?ac?aaioaiiua ?an/aoiua caaeneiinoe iicaieytho ei??aeoe?iaaoue aaee/eiu ioionea e iio?aaeaiey oaieiou i?e oeaio?aeeciaaiiii ai?y/ai aiaeiniaaaeaiee e ionoonoaee o iio?aaeoaeae n/ao/eeia oaieiou n o/aoii: ieaiiauo ?aaeeiia ?aaiou i?aaei?eyoee-iinoaaueeia oaieiou; i?e iaee/ee aiaieaiiauo ia?aaiaa a iiaea/a ai?y/ae aiaeu; caaeneiinoe iiaea/e ai?y/ae aiaeu ia niioaaonoaothuee yoaae io aeaaeaiey ia eieeaeoi?a enoi/ieea oaieiou; ?inoa iio?aaeaiey ai?y/ae aiaeu a oa /anu eiaaea iia iiaeaaony. A ?aaioa iainiiaaiu e i?aaenoaaeaiu ?an/aoiua caaeneiinoe aeey ei??aeoe?iaee oaieiaie iaa?ocee ii ioiieaieth i?e /anoe/iii eee iieiii ioeeth/aiee i?eoi/iie aaioeeyoeee. A ?acoeueoaoa aiaeeca aeeyiey niiniaa i?eniaaeeiaiey iio?aaeoaeae e nenoaia oaieiniaaaeaiey, yoaaeiinoe cano?ieee, i?ioyaeaiiinoe e aeeaiao?ia o?oaii?iaiaeia oaieiaie naoe, a oaeaea ?aeueaoa ianoiinoe ia aaee/eio ooa/ee oaieiiineoaey ec aiaeyiuo oaieiauo naoae iieo/aiu ?an/aoiua caaeneiinoe. Iieacaii, /oi i?e ii?aaeaeaiee aaee/ei iioa?ue oaieiou a ?acoeueoaoa ooa/ee oaieiiineoaey iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue iaee/ea e ianoi onoaiiaee i?eai?ia o/aoa oaieiou. Eeth/aaua neiaa: oaieiniaaaeaiea, oaieioa, oaieiaua iaa?ocee, o/ao, iioa?e. Aiioaoe?y Oa?eia A.A. Aeine?aeaeaiiy ?aaeei?a a?aeioneaiiy oa iae?e niiaeeaaiiy oaieioe a nenoaiao oeaio?ae?ciaaiiai oaieiiinoa/aiiy. - ?oeiien. Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy a/aiiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.23.03- aaioeeyoe?y, ina?oeaiiy oa oaieiaaciiinoa/aiiy.- Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao aoae?aieoeoaa ? a?o?oaeoo?e, Oa?e?a, 1999 ?. A ?iaio? iaaaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aecia/aiiy aaee/eie niiaeeaaiiy oaieioe i?e ??cieo ?aaeeiao a?aeioneaiiy ? iaiiai?e caaacia/aiino? niiaeeaa/?a i?eeaaeaie iae?eo oaieiai? aia?a??. Io?eiai? caeaaeiino? aeey aecia/aiiy ?ic?aooieiaeo oaieiaeo iaaaioaaeaiue a oiiaao, ye? a?ae??ciythoueny a?ae i?eeiyoeo aeey oeaio?aeueiiai ?aaoethaaiiy a?aeioneo oaieioe, i?e a?aeeeth/aii? nenoai aaioeeyoe??, a oaeiae i?e ci?i? ieiu? iiaa?oi? iaa??ao iiaethaaeueieo i?eeaae?a nenoaie iiaeaiiy. ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea ei?aeooaaiiy aaee/eie a?aeioneo oaieioe ia oeaio?ae?ciaaia aa?y/a aiaeiiinoa/aiiy i?e a?aenooiino? o niiaeeaa/?a i?eeaae?a iae?eo. O ?acoeueoao? aiae?co aieeao aecia/ieo oaeoi??a ia aaee/eio aeo?eaiiy oaieiiin?y ?c aiaeyieo oaieiaeo ia?aae io?eiai? a?aeiia?aei? ?ic?aooieia? caeaaeiino?. Eeth/ia? neiaa: oaieiiinoa/aiiy, oaieioa, oaieia? iaaaioaaeaiiy, iae?e, ao?aoe. The annotation Sharkov V.V. Research of nonditions of tempering and the calculation of heating consumption of heating consumption in central heating supply system.- Manuscript. Thesis for a candidate degree by speciality 05.23.03- ventilation, illumination, gas and heat supply.- Kharkov State Technical University of Construction and Architecture, Kharcov, 1999. The results of research for increasing the efficiency of thermal networks operations with incomplete provision of consumers with devices for thermal energy registration are presented in the work. The generalising dependence for calculation of heating loads definition in the conditions different from the ones accepted for heat feedback central regulation are received during switching-off the ventilation systems and also with heat output surface change of heating system thermal devices. The technique for correction of head feedback to centralised hot water-supply with absence of consumers registration devices is developed. As a result of analysis of various on the size of the heat-carrier from water thermal networks the appropriate calculation dependence are received. Key words: heat supply, heating load, tempering, calculation.

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