Iaoe?iiaeueia aeaaeai?y iaoe Oe?a?ie
Iinoeooo iieaeoey?ii? aiieiai? oa aaiaoeee IAIO
Ia i?aaao ?oeiieno
Cieiaeaiei Aiaeaeea ?aaaiiaia
OAeE 575.11.113:854.78
Aeineiaeaeaiiy iieaeoey?ii-aaiaoe/iiai iieiii?oicio niiyoieea ca
aeiiiiiaith aiaeico aeiaieueii
aiieioieiaaii? AeIE
03.00.26-iieaeoey?ia aaiaoeea
Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoe??
ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaith
eaiaeeaeaoa aiieiai/ieo iaoe
Ee?a – 1999
#1.
#2.
#3. Aiieiaiy
#4.
#6.1.
#7.
#8.
#9.
#10.
#11. 1971
#12. AEiii/a
#13. Aiaeaeie aaiii? iiaeaia?i? Naeaeoeieii-aaiaoe/iiai iinoeoooo OAAI,
iaoeiaee niia?iaioiee
Aeooaeueiinoue i?iaeaie. Niiyoiee ? iaeii?th c iaeaieueo oeiiieo
nieueneiainiiaea?nueeeo ?ineei Oe?a?ie, iieiioaiith yei? iaaea?oueny
aaeeea oaaaa. Naeaeoeiy ia aenieee aaoa?icen, a oaeiae iaiaoiaeiinoue
aeei?enoaiiy aeeei?ineeo aeaeia aeey iieiioaiiy aaiioiiaeo eoeueoo?iiai
niiyoieea, iio?aao? canoinoaaiiy yoaeoeaieo iaoiaeia ioeiiee aaiaoe/iiai
iioaioeiaeo oei?? eoeueoo?e.
Ae?ioaiiy naeaeoeieieo caaea/, eeaneoieaoeiy oa aaiethoeieii
aeineiaeaeaiiy aacothoueny ia aea/aiii aaiaoe/iiai iieiii?oicio.
Aeei?enoaiiy AeIE-ia?ea?ia iiaeianei ia iiaee ?iaaiue iaoiaee ioeiiee
aaiaoe/ii? aa?i-aaaeueiinoi i ciaoiaeeoue i?yia canoinoaaiiy a
naeaeoeieiie i?aeoeoei. Oniioe, aeinyaiooi ca inoaiii 3-5 ?ieia a aaeoci
aiaeico aaiiia niiyoieea ia iieaeoey?iiio ?iaii, nooo?ai aeiiiaiththoue
?acoeueoaoe o?aaeeoeieiiai aaiaoe/iiai aiaeico, io?eiaii ca onth
iiia?aaeith inoi?ith aea/aiiy eoeueoo?e.
Iaeaieueoiai ?iciianthaeaeaiiy o aaiaoeei-naeaeoeieieo i?ia?aiao ca
inoaiii ?iee iaaoa aiaeic iieiii?oicio aeiaaeeie aiieioieiaaieo a
?acoeueoaoi iieiia?acii? eaioethaiai? ?aaeoei? (IE?) o?aaiaioia AeIE.
Aeineiaeaeaiiy iieiii?oicio aeiaieueii aiieioieiaaii? AeIE (RAPD)
aeicaiey? io?eiaoe oa?aeoa?enoeeo aaiaoe/iiai ?iciiiaiiooy ye iniiae
aeey oieiaaiaoe/ieo iiaoaeia, aiaeaeooy ca’yceia nii?iaeiaiinoi na?aae
aaiioeiia naeaeoeieiiai iaoa?iaeo, iiooeo ca’yceo iiae iieaeoey?ieie
ia?ea?aie oa eiie?aoieie iciaeaie, ui oeieaaeyoue naeaeoeiiia?a. Iaoa
i caaaeaiiy ?iaioe. . Iaoith aeena?oaoeieii? ?iaioe ? aiaeic
iieiii?oicio aeiaieueii aiieioieiaaii? AeIE niiyoieea ia iiae- i
aioo?ioiueiaeaeiaiio ?iaiyo aeey ooi/iaiiy oieiaaiaoe/ieo
aca?iiaiaeiinei a ?iaei Helianthus, eeaneoieaoei? naeaeoeieieo eiiie
caiaeii nooiaiy aaiaoe/ii? nii?iaeiaiinoi, a oaeiae c’ynoaaiiy
iiaeeeaiai ca’yceo iiae iieaeoey?ii-aaiaoe/iei ?iciiiaiiooyi oa
aa?iiiii/ieie iieacieeaie aia?eaeia.
Aaciina?aaeiiie caaaeaiiyie ?iaioe aoee:
– aeineiaeaeaiiy iieaeoey?ii-aaiaoe/iiai iieiii?oicio na?aae
35i?aaenoaaieeia ?iaeo Helianthus oa io?eiaiiy aeaiae?ia?aie, ui
ai-aeia?aaea? oieiaaiaoe/ii aca?iiaiaeiineie iiae ieie;
– i?iaanoe RAPD-aiaeic oa ?iciiaeie 30 iia?aaeieo eiiie ni-iyoieea
caiaeii nooiaith aaiaoe/ii? nii?iaeiaiinoi;
– aea/eoe oa?aeoa? oniaaeeoaaiiy RAPD-o?aaiaioia;
– i?iaiaeicoaaoe ca’ycie iiae iieaeoey?ii-aaiaoe/ieie ia?ea?aie oa
aa?iiiii/ieie iieacieeaie 36 aia?eaeia F1 aiae no?auoaaiiy iia?aaeia
?iciiai nooiaiy aaiaoe/ii? aeecueeinoi.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia i i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ?iaioe. . Iaoeiaa iiaecia
aeena?oaoei? iieyaa? o ooi/iaiii aaiaoe/ii? nii?iaeiaiinoi iecee aeeeeo
oa eoeueoo?ieo oi?i niiyoieea. Ooi/iaii oieiaaiaoe/io noaio ?iaeo
Helianthus. Aecia/aii oaeniiiii/ia iieiaeaiiy aeayeeo aeaeia
Helianthus, ia iaaeaieo o ii?oieiai/iie eeaneoieaoei?. Iieacaia
aaiaoe/ia aeecueeinoue H.rigidus aei aeaeia na?i? Corona-Solis.
_I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy io?eiaieo ?acoeueoaoia. . ?ic?iaeaii oiiae
aeineiaeaeaiiy iieaeoey?ii-aaiaoe/iiai iieiii?oicio niiyoieea ca
aeiiiiiaith IE?. Onoaiiaeaii ca’ycie iiae iieaeoey?ii-aaiaoe/ieie
ia?ea?aie oa iieacieeaie aia?eaeia ca a?iaea?i ianiiiy, ieieiinoth,
a?iaea?i iei?, a oaeiae aaoa?icenii ca aeaieie iieacieeaie. Caeieniaia
eeaneoieaoeiy iia?aaeieo eiiie, ui /ioei aeeoa?aioeth? ?o ia ioee
aaoueeianueeeo oa iaoa?einueeeo oi?i oa aiaeaeaa? iioi?iaoeith i?i
?iaeiaiae, aeicaieeoue ni?inoeoe naeaeoeiiia?ai ?iaioo c eiiiyie,
iaaeia?i yeeo ia c?icoiiei aai caaoaeaii, i?e aeiai?i aaoueeianueeeo
eiiaiiaoeie. Iieacaia iiaeeeainoue aiaea?aeoaaiiy iecueeia?iaeaeieo oa
iecueeiaaoa?icenieo aia?eaeia ca aeaieie aiaeico iieiii?oicia AeIE
na?aae aaoueeianueeeo oi?i.
_Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a . iieyaa? a aeineiaeaeaiii iieiii?oicio
aiieioieiaaii? AeIE aeeei?ineeo aeaeia oa eoeueoo?ieo oi?i niiyoieea, a
i?iaaaeaiii aiaeico i?eaeaoiinoi RAPD-oaoiieiai? aeey aeeoa?aioeiaoei?
aea/a?ieo aaiioeiia, aeey aiaeia?aaeaiiy aca?iiaiaeiinei nii?iaeiaiinoi
ia iiae- oa aioo?ioiueiaeaeiaiio ?iaiyo, a c’ynoaaiii oa?aeoa?o
oniaaeeoaaiiy RAPD-o?aaiaioia o niiyoieea, a ioeiioei oa?aeoa?o
aca?iica’yceo iiae AeIE-?iciiiaiiooyi oa naeaeoeieieie iieacieeaie.
_Ai?iaaoeiy ?iaioe. . Iniiaii ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe aoee iiaiaeiieaii ia
iiaeia?iaeiie eiioa?aioei? “Iieaeoey?ii-aaiaoe/aneea ia?ea?u ?anoaiee”
(sseoa, 1996), ia iaoeiai-iaoiaee/iiio naiiia?i ii aeei?enoaiith
IE?-aiaeico a aaiaoeei-naeaeoeieieo aeineiaeaeaiiyo (Iaeana, 1997), ia
iiaeia?iaeiie eiioa?aioei? “Iieaeoey?iay aaiaoeea e aeioaoiieiaey”
(Iiinuee, 1998).
_Ioaeieaoei?. . Iniiaii iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoei? aiaeia?aaeaii a 8
ae?oeiaaieo i?aoeyo.
_No?oeoo?a i ianya ?iaioe. . Aeena?oaoeiy neeaaea?oueny ic anooio,
iaeyaeo eioa?aoo?e, aenia?eiaioaeueii? /anoeie, ?acoeueoaoia oa ?o
iaaiai?aiiy oa aeniiaeia.
?iaioa aeeeaaeaia ia 112 noi?iieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, aiiuo? 20
iaethieia i 12 oaaeeoeue. Nienie aeei?enoaii? eioa?aoo?e noaiiaeoue 142
aeaea?aea.
_Ia caoeno aeiinyoueny :
1. ?acoeueoaoe aeineiaeaeaiiy iieaeoey?ii-aaiaoe/iiai iieiii?oicio
na?aae aeaeia ?iaeo Helianthus.
2. ?iciiaeie naeaeoeieiiai iaoa?iaeo caiaeii nooiaith aaiaoe/ii?
aeecueeinoi ca aeaieie aiaeico aeiaieueii aiieioieiaaii? AeIE.
3. Aeaii aiaeico ca’yceo iiae iieaeoey?ii-aaiaoe/ieie ia?ea?aie oa
aa?iiiii/ieie iieacieeaie aia?eaeia F1.
IAOA?IAEE I IAOIAeE AeINEIAeAEAIIss
Aeey aeineiaeaeaiiy acyoi 35 aeaeia ?iaeo Helianthus L.: H.debilis ssp
tardiflorus, H.debilis ssp silvestris, H.petiolaris, H.petiolaris
ssp petiolaris, H.argophyllus, H.praecox, H.praecox ssp praecox,
H.praecox ssp hithus, H.praecox ssp rungoni, H.mollis, H.maximiliani,
H.divaricatus, H.giganteus, H.grosseceratus, H.nuttallii,
H.salicifolius, H.scaberimus, H.trachelifolius, H.microcefalus,
H.laevigatus, H.hirsutus, H.decapetalus, H.macrophylus, H.californicus,
H.tuberosus, H.eggertii, H.rigidus, H.multiflorus, H.bolanderi,
H.resinosus, H.laetiflorus, H.pauciflorus ssp rigidus, H.pauciflorus
ssp subrhomboides, i?aaenoaaieee aeaio aeecueeeo aei Helianthus L.
?iaeia – Simsia foetida, Titonia speciosa, a oaeiae 30 iia?aaeieo
eiiie niiyoieea naeaeoei? NAI.
AeIE aeaeieyee c aoeieueiaaieo i?i?inoeia oa iieiaeeo ei?iioeia, yei
?icoe?aee neeyiei oiaea/eeii o aiiaiaei?oi c 0,5 eicoth/iai ?ic/eio
(1,4M NaCl, 20 mM EDTA-Na, 100 mM o?enHCl pH 8,5, 2% CTAB). O?eiaee
ia i?ioyci 60 oaeeei ca oaiia?aoo?ith 60 N. Aeai?ioaiiicoaaee a
oei?ioi?i-iciaiieiaiio nie?oi (24:1). AeIE inaaeaeoaaee c
aiaeiinieueiai? oace 0,5 ia’?iii icii?iiaiieo oa oeaio?eooaoaaee i?e
14000 ia/oa ia oeaio?eooci Eppendorf. I?iieoo 70% aoaiieii AeIE
?ic/eiyee o 500 iee OA.
Aiieioieaoeith AeIE c aeiaieueieie i?aeia?aie i?iaiaeeee ia i?eeaaei
“Aeioa?i iiaeaeue 91”. ?aaeoeieia noiio ia’?iii 20 iee aeey IE?
aiiuoaaea 50 mM KCl, 20 mM o?enHCl pH 8,4 (25 C), 2 mM MgCl , 0,01%
Tween-20, ii 0,2 mM eiaeiiai dNTP, 0,2 ieI i?aeia?a oa 1 iaeeieoeth
Tag-iieiia?ace. O i?iai?ee iiaa?o ?aaeoeieiiai ?ic/eio iaiineee 50 iee
iiia?aeueii? iei?. Aiieioieaoeith i?iaiaeeee a ?aaeeii : ia?oee oeeee –
3 oaeeeie 94 N, /ioe?e oeeeee – 94 N 1 oa., 39 C 2 oa., 72 C 2 oa., 33
oeeeee – 94 N 1 oa., 47 N 1,6 oa., 72 C 2 oa., inoaiiy aeiiaaoeiy
o?eaaea 8 oa.
I?iaeoeoe aiieioieaoei? o?aeoeiiioaaee aeaeo?ioi?acii a 2%
aaa?iciiio aaei c 1oOAA.
Eiii’thoa?iee aiaeic RAPD-aeaieo i?iaiaeeee ca aeiiiiiaith i?ia-?aie
TREE [Eaeaiaea?, 1994].
Ioeiieo 36 aia?eaeia F1 oa ?o aaoueeianueeeo eiiie ca iieacieeaie
a?iaeath ianiiiy, iei? oa ieieiinoi i?iaiaeeee caiaeii oeiiaeo
iaoiaeee.
Ei?aeyoeieiee oa aeinia?nieiee aiaeice caeienieee ia
ia/eneth-aaeueiiio oeaio?i NAI.
?ACOEUeOAOE AeINEIAeAEAIIss
1. RAPD-aiaeic niiyoieea ia iiae- oa aioo?ioiueiaeaeiaiio
?iaiyo.
I?e aeineiaeaeaiii i?aaenoaaieeia aeeei?ineeo Helianthus ia aoei
aeyaeaii i?aeia?ia, ui ia iiciaoiaeaeoaaee a aioo?eoiueiaeaeiaiai
iieiii?oicio. ?icieoey o niaeo?ao aiieioieaoei? noaiiaeea aiae 25 aei
65%. Ca oeeie aeaieie aeey aea/aiiy iiaeaeaeiaiai ?iciiiaiiooy o
Helianthus aeei?enoaee 5 i?aeia?ia, aeyaeyth/eo 25 – 37% iieiii?oicio
aioo?e aeaeo.
Aeey aeiai?o i?aeia?ia, ui aeicaieythoue aea/aoe iieiii?oici
iia?aaeieo eiiie niiyoieea, i?iaiaeeee IE? c AeIE 8-10 iiaeeaiaeoaeueieo
?ineei eiaeii? eiii?. 11 iiiiii?oieo aeey eiaeii? eiii? i?aeia?ia a
iiaeaeueoiio aeyaeee 50 – 74% iiaeeiiaeiee iieiii?oici.
I?iaeoeoe IE? oyaeyee niaith o?aaiaioe aiieioieaoei? ?icii?ii 400-1400
ii. Eieueeinoue ?iciiiaiioieo ca iieaeoey?iith ianith nioa caeaaeii
aiae i?aeia?a neeaaeaea aiae 12 aei 20 (aeey aeaeia) oa aiae 12 aei 21
(aeey eiiie). Acaaaei ciaeaeaii 82 RAPD-eieona o aeeeoiia (oni
iieiii?oii) oa 194 (na?aae ieo 124 iieiii?oieo) – o eoeueoo?iiai
niiyoieea. ?iaaiue iieiii?oicio aiaeiiaiaeii neeaa 100 oa 64%.
Ca aeaieie Gentzbittel et al. (1992), yei aea/aee RFLP o ?iaei
Helianthus L., nooiiiue iiaeaeaeiai? ?icieoei aeinyaaea 0,73.
Na?aae ?icieo iaai?ia eiiie niiyoieea ca aeiiiiiaith RFLP
Gentzbittel et al.(1994) oa Zhang et al.(1995) aeyaeyee 35 i 60%
iieiii?oicio aiaeiiaiaeii. Oaeei /eiii, o?aaa aiaecia/eoe cia/ii
aieueoee iioaioeiae RAPD-aiaeico aeey io?eiaiiy iiaeeeaeo ia?ea?ia.
Aeyaeaii a ?acoeueoaoi aiaeico iieiii?oicia aeiaieueii aiieioieiaaii?
AeIE RAPD-eieone ?iciiaeieeee ca /anoioith iiyae o aeineiaeaeoaaieo
aaiioeiia ia a?oie. O aea/aieo aeaeia Helianthus iaeaieueoa eieueeinoue
RAPD-eieonia c’yaey?oueny c /anoioith 0,4 oa 0,5 (ii 21% aiae
caaaeueiiai /enea), oiaei ye aeey naiicaieeaieo eiiie aieueo oa?aeoa?ii
iaiieiii?oii RAPD-eieone (35%).
Aiaecia/aia iayaiinoue aeaeiniaoeeoi/ieo (P28, P55) i?aeia?ia oa
i?aeia?ia, aieueo aiaeiiaiaeieo aeey aeeoa?aioeiaoei? iia?aaeieo eiiie
(P37).
Ii?iaiyiiy aiieioieaoeieieo niaeo?ia i?aaenoaaieeia ?icieo aaiiiia
aeicaiey? io?eiaoe eieueeinio ioeiieo ?o aeiaa?aaioei?. Ca aeaieie
RAPD-aiaeico, ii?iaithth/i IE?-i?ioiei ?icieo aeaeia oa eiiie,
aecia/eee aaiaoe/ii aeenoaioei? (D) iiae ieie. Cia/aiiy iiaeeiiaeieo D,
o na?aaeiueiio, ia ii?yaeie ieae/a, iiae iiaeaeaeiaeo. ?iciao aaiaoe/ieo
aeenoaioeie aeey aeaeia neeaa aiae D=0,158 (iiae H.praecox rungoni oa
H.praecox hithus) aei D=0,773 (iiae H.praecox praecox oa H.rigidus);
aeey iia?aaeieo eiiie : aiae D=0,0152 (iiae eiiiyie 6237 oa 6085) aei
D=0,0426 (iiae eiiiyie 2281 oa 16A).
2. Aiaeic oniaaeeoaaiiy RAPD-ia?ea?ia o F1 aia?eaeia niiyoieea.
Aeey aecia/aiiy iiaeeeainoi aeei?enoaiiy aiaeico iieiii?oicia aeiaaeeie
aiieioieiaaieo o?aaiaioia AeIE aeey iaeaioeoieaoei? iia?aaeieo aaoueeia
i?inoeo aia?eaeia niiyoieeo i?iaiaeeee oanooaaiiy F1 aia?eaeia oa
ioeiithaaee, ianeieueee oniaaeeoaaiiy aiieieiiia aiaeiiaiaea? i?inoiio
iaiaeaeianueeiio. Aeei?enoaii o?e aaoueeianueei eiii? (1036, 3369,
1750) oa aeaa aia?eaea aiae no?auoaaiue 1036o3369 oa 1750o3369.
Acaaaei aeineiaeaeaii 185 RAPD-eieonia.
O aieueoinoi aeiaaeeia AeIE-i?ioieue aia?eaea aiiuoaaa noio
o?aaiaioia, ui oa?aeoa?ii aeey iaio aaoueeia. 94,4% RAPD-ia?ea?ia
oniaaeeiaoaaeenue ca aeiiiiaio-?aoeaneaiei oeiii. O 3% aiaecia/aia
aiaenooiinoue aaoueeianueeiai o?aaiaioo o aia?eaea, a o 2,6% – iiyaa
iaoa?aeoa?iiai aeey niaeo?o aaoueeia o?aaiaioa aiieioieaoei?.
?yae aaoi?ia [Davis,1995; Heun,1993; Halden,1995] aeey c’ynoaaiiy
aa?iaioia oniaaeeoaaiiy IE?-o?aaiaioia i?iiiiothoue i?iaiaeeoe
ciiooaaiiy aaoueeianueeeo AeIE-iao?eoeue. I?e ii?iaiyiii
aiieioieaoeieieo i?ioieia AeIE iia?aaeieo eiiie, AeIE aiaeiiaiaeiiai ?i
aia?eaea oa noiioi 1:1 AeIE aaoueeia aeaiiai aia?eaea iiyaa iiaeo
nioa o niaeo?i aia?eaea ia niinoa?iaaeanue. O aia?eaea 1036o3369 aoa
aiaenooiii aiieioieiaaiee o?aaiaio, oa?aeoa?iee aeey eiii? 3369 oa
noiioi AeIE aaoueeianueeeo oi?i.
C?iaeaii aeniiaie, ui oniaaeeoaaiiy i?iaeoeoia aiieioieaoei? c
aeiaieueieie i?aeia?aie o aieueoinoi aeiaaeeia aiaeaoaa?oueny caiaeii
iaiaeaeaanueeei i?aaeeai ca aeiiiiaio-?aoeaneaiei oeiii. Iayaiinoue
aiaeoeeaiue aiae oaeiai oniaaeeoaaiiy ia aea? ciiae aaaaeaoe
aeei?enoaiiy aiaeico iieiii?oicia aeiaieueii aiieioieiaaii? AeIE aeey
iaeaioeoieaoei? iia?aaeieo aaoueeia i?inoeo aia?eaeia niiyoieea
iioeiaeueiei.
3. Oieiaaiaoe/ii aca?iiaiaeiineie iiae aeineiaeaeoaaieie aeaeaie
Helianthus L.
Ia aaci RAPD-aiaeico oa ioeiiee aaiaoe/ieo aeenoaioeie iiae
aeineiaeaeoaaieie aeaeaie io?eiaia eeaaeia?aia, ui aiaeaeaa? aaiaoe/io
nii?iaeiaiinoue 35 aeeei?ineeo aeaeia Helianthus, Simsia foetida,
Titonia speciosa, a oaeiae eoeueoo?ieo i?aaenoaaieeia H.annuus
(iae.1).
Ia iiaoaeiaaiie noaii aeaeieythoueny aeaeieueea eeanoa?ia. I?e
ii?iaiyiii c eeaneoieaoei?th ?iaeo ca ii?oieiai/ieie iciaeaie
[Schilling, Heiser,1981], iiaeia aecia/eoe, caaaeueio oaiaeaioeith
noiiniiai oa?oioaaiiy i?aaenoaaieeia iaaieo oaeniiiii/ieo iaeeieoeue.
Aecia/aii ie?aii eeanoa?e c aeaeaie na?i? Corona-Solis ( ) oa
Helianthus ( ). I?aaenoaaieee H.annuus – naeaeoeieii eiii? 2A, OD20,
1036, 3369 – cia?aii a a?oio, ui ? /anoeith aaeeeiai noaeeanoa?o, aei
yeiai ooiaeyoue oni aeaee naeoei? Helianthus.
Aaiaoe/ia aeenoaioeiy iiae iiaeaeaeaie H.praecox rungonii oa
H.praecox hithus (D=0,074) ia ia?aaeuo? oaeiao iiae eiiiyie eoeueoo?iiai
niiyoieeo.
Ca aeaieie Schilling, Heiser (1981) a?oia aeaeia na?i? Microcephali
iaeaieueo aeecueea aei i?aaenoaaieeia na?i? Corona-Solis. Ca iaoei
aeineiaeaeaiiyi H.laevigatus oa H.microcephalus oaeiae iieacothoue
aaiaoe/io aeecueeinoue aei oaeeo aeaeia Corona-Solis ye H.californicus,
H.giganteus.
H.rigidus eeaneoieo?oueny ii?oieiaaie ye i?aaenoaaiee naeoei?
Divaricati na?i? Atrorubentes. O Gentzbittel et al.(1992) ca
IAe?O-aeaieie oeae aeae aoiaeeoue aei iaeii?? a?oie c aeaeaie
Corona-Solis. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie IE?-aiaeico iieacaia
aeecueeinoue H.rigidus aei na?i? Corona-Solis, a naia aei
H.decapetalus, H.strumosus, H.hirsutus.
Iaeiaiueoi aaiaoe/ii aeenoaioei? iiae H.annuus oa H.laetiflorus,
H.salicifolius, H.bolanderi, H.petiolaris, H.tuberosus aeicaieythoue
aeciaaaoe ?o iaeaieueo iiiai?ieie aeiii?aie ei?enieo aa?iiiii/ieo iciae
i?e iieiioaiii eoeueoo?iiai niiyoieea. Aieueoa ca
+—————————————— H.eggerti
+—–¦
¦ +—————————————-
H.maximiliani
+–¦
¦ ¦ +—————————–
H.hirsutus
¦ ¦ +———-¦
¦ ¦ ¦ +—————————–
H.trachelifolius
¦ +—–¦
¦ ¦ +———————————-
H.strumosus
¦ +—–¦
¦ +———————————-
H.macrophilus
+——————¦
¦ ¦ +——————
H.scaberimus
¦ ¦——————————¦
¦ ¦¦ +——————
H.decapetalus
¦ +¦
¦ +————————————————
H.rigidus
¦
¦ +————————————-
H.tuberosus
¦ +—–¦
¦ ¦ +————————————-
H.grosseseratus
¦ +—¦
¦ ¦ ¦ +—————————–
H.giganteus
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦+—————————–
H.nuttalli
¦ ¦ ¦ +——–+¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +—————————–
H.laevigatus
¦ ¦ +—¦
¦ ¦ ¦ +——————————-
H.californicus
¦ ¦ +——-¦
¦ ¦ +——————————-
H.multiflorus
¦ +——-¦
¦ ¦ +———————————————–
Sinsia
¦ +—¦
¦ ¦ ¦ +—————————————————
H.microcephalus
¦ ¦ +—¦
¦ ¦ +—————————————————
Titonia
¦ +-¦
¦ ¦ ¦ +————————————
H.mollis
¦ ¦ +———————-¦
¦ +————————————
H.divaricatus
¦ +-¦
¦ ¦ ¦ +————————
H.pauciflorus subrhomb.
¦ ¦ ¦ +—–¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +————————
H.pauciflorus rigidus
¦ ¦ ¦ +——¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +——————————
H.laetiflorus
¦ ¦ ¦ +——¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +————————————-
H.resinosus
¦ ¦ ¦ +–¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +————————————–
H.debilis silvestris
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +—–¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +—————————–
H.petiolaris petiolaris
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +——–¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +—————————–
H.petiolaris
¦ ¦ ¦ +—¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +—————————————
H.salicifolius
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +——-¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +—————————–
H.annuus (eeiey 2B)
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +———¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +————————
H.annuus (eeiey DO80)
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +—-¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +————-
H.annuus (eeiey 1036)
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +———-¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +————-
H.annuus (eeiey 3369)
¦ ¦ ¦ +—¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +—————————————————
H.bolanderi
¦ ¦ +—–¦
¦ ¦ ¦ +——————————————-
H.debilis tardiflorus
¦ ¦ +———–¦
¦ ¦ +——————————————-
H.argophyllus
+—-¦
¦ +————————————-
H.praecox
¦ +—————-¦
¦ ¦ ¦ +——–
H.praecox rungoni
¦ ¦ +—————————-¦
¦ ¦ +——–
H.praecox hitus
+——–¦
+——————————————————
H.praecox praecox
________¦_________¦_________¦_________¦_________¦_________¦_________¦
0.487 0.406 0.325 0.244 0.162 0.081
0.000
D
Iae.1. Aeaiae?ia?aia oieiaaiaoe/ieo aca?iiaiaeiinei iiae aeayee-
ie i?aaenoaaieeaie Helianthus.
iioeo aaiaoe/ii aiaeaeaeaii aiae H.annuus oaei aeaee ye H.multiflorus,
H.rigidus, Simsia foetida, no?auoaaiiy c yeeie H.annuus iiaeiii
iiaeoeoaaoe /ieiai/o oeeoiieaciaoe/io noa?eeueiinoue.
?yae ocyoeo aei aeineiaeaeaiiy aeaeia (H.macrophillus, H.laetiflorus,
H.pauciflorus, H.scaberimus, H.multiflorus, H.trachelifolius) ia
iaaaaeaiee o ii?oieiai/iie eeaneoieaoei?. Oea iia’ycaii c oei, ui
eieueeinoue aeaeia, aiaeiineieo aei ?iaeo Helianthus, caciaaaea cia/ieo
ciii, aieueoinoue aeaeia ? aeaeaie-neiiiiiaie. O ca’yceo c oeei
aaaaeaeinue aeioeieueiei c’ynoaaoe aaiaoe/ii aca?iiaiaeiineie oaeeo
aeaeia, ui ? o eieaeoeiyo oa caeo/athoueny naeaeoeiiia?aie aei
aiaeaeaeaii? aia?eaeicaoei? c eoeueoo?iei niiyoieeii, c iioeie
i?aaenoaaieeaie Helianthus.
A ?acoeueoaoi iaoi? ?iaioe iiaeia aiaecia/eoe, ui H.macrophillus,
H.scaberimus, H.multiflorus oa H.trachelifolius aeyaeythoue
iaeneiaeueio aaiaoe/io aeecueeinoue aei H.decapetalus, H.hirsutus,
H.strumosus, H.californicus, ui aeicaiey? aiaeianoe ?o aei na?i?
Corona-Solis. Aeaee H.laetiflorus oa H.pauciflorus, o ca’yceo c ?o
iiiiiaeueiei aiaeaeaeaiiyi aiae H.rigidus, iiaeooue ?icaeyaeaoeny ye
i?aaenoaaieee na?i? Atrorubentes.
4. Eeaneoieaoeiy naeaeoeieiiai iaoa?iaeo caiaeii nooiaiy aaiaoe/ii?
nii?iaeiaiiinoi.
Aeey c’ynoaaiiy oa?aeoa?a aaiaoe/ieo aca?iiaiaeiinei o aea/a?iiio
naeaeoeieiiio iaoa?iaei ca aeiiiiiaith eeanoa?iiai aiaeico aaiaoe/ieo
aeenoaioeie io?eiaia aeaiae?ia?aia, ui aiaeaeaa? nii?iaeiaiinoue
iia?aaeieo eiiie niiyoieea (iae.2).
Ia io?eiaiie noaii eiii? ooai?eee aeaa iniiaieo eeanoa?a. Iaeei c
ieo caeo/a? eiii?-aiaeiiaieee oa?oeeueiinoi, ui aeei?enoothoueny ye
aaoueeianueei oi?ie aia?eaeia. Aei ae?oaiai eeanoa?o oaieoee
iaoa?einueei eiii?. Aeeeth/aiiyi ? eiii? 67 oa 13A.
Noaie, ui aiaeia?aaeathoue aca?iica’ycee a aeaiiio naeaeoeieiiio
iaoa?iaei, aoee iiaoaeiaaii a ?acoeueoaoi ia?aooaaiiy ?icieo
aeiaieueii ocyoeo iaai?ia IE?-aeaieo : ii 5, 8, 10, 11 i?aeia?ai, ui
aiaeiiaiaea? 60, 96, 117 oa 125 iieiii?oiei RAPD-eieonai. Aeaa iniiaieo
eeanoa?a, ui aeeoa?aioeththoue iaoa?einueei oa aaoueeianueei oi?ie,
iiaeia aeaeieeoe aaea i?e aiaeici aeaieo ii 60 aa?iaaaeueiei eieonai
(48,2% iioi?iaoeaieo iieiii?oieo o?aaiaioia aiieioieaoei?). Oea
aiai?eoue i aenieie aeene?eiiiaoeieiie caeiaiinoi iaoiaea eeaneoieaoei?
eiiie ia aaci aiaeico iieiii?oicia AeIE.
Iaeiei c iieacieeia ia’?eoeaiinoi io?eiaieo aeaiae?ia?ai ? ?o
aiaeiiaiaeiinoue ui aei iioi?iaoei? i ?iaeiaiaei. Aeaiae?ia?aia,
aiaeaeaa-
+————————————— 2B
+—¦
¦ +————————————— 67
+-¦
¦ ¦ +——————————— 15B
¦ ¦ +-¦
¦ ¦ ¦ +——————————— OD18
¦ +——-¦
¦ +———————————– OD19
+–¦
¦ ¦ +——————————- 7B
¦ ¦ +———-¦
¦ ¦ ¦ +——————————- 11B
¦ +–¦
¦ ¦ +——————————– 12B
¦ +———¦
¦ +——————————– 14B
+-¦
¦ ¦ +————————————- 4B
¦ +———-¦
¦ +————————————- 5B
+———¦
¦ +————————————————– 16B
+–¦
¦ +———————————————————— OD20
¦
¦ +———————————————— 13B
¦ ¦
¦ +———————————————— 2071
¦ +——¦
¦ ¦ ¦ +————————————— 42
¦ ¦ ¦ +-¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +——————————– 6253
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +——¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +——————————– 2593
¦ ¦ ¦ +¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ +———————————- 1036
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦+——¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +———————————- 2925
¦ ¦ ¦ +–¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +—————————————— 1122
¦ ¦ +–¦
¦ ¦ ¦ +—————————————— 2085
¦ ¦ +–¦
¦ ¦ ¦ +——————————– 2281
¦ ¦ ¦ +——-¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +—————————– 3369
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +–¦
¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ +—————————– 6121
¦ ¦ +-¦
¦ ¦ ¦ +————————————- 3497
¦ ¦ +–¦
¦ ¦ ¦ +———————— 6237
¦ ¦ +————¦
¦ ¦ +———————— 6085
¦ +¦
¦ ¦+——————————————————- 6071
+——¦
+——————————————————– 1750
¦________¦________¦________¦________¦________¦________¦________¦
0.038 0.032 0.027 0.022 0.016 0.011 0.005 0.000 D
Iae.2. Aaiaoe/ii aca?iiaiaeiineie iiae aea/a?ieie iia?aaeieie
eiiiyie niiyoieea, aecia/aii ca aeiiiiiaith RAPD-aiaeico.
th/a nii?iaeiaiinoue iiae iaoa?einueeeie oi?iaie (iae.3), a oeieiio
caiaeia c ?o iaaeia?i. A?oia eiiie (2281, 6121, 6237, 6085), noai?aia ia
aaci eiii? 3369, neeaaea? iaeei noaeeanoa?. Eiiiy 1036, ui ? iniiaith
eiiie 6253 oa 2593, oaeiae ii?aeiaia c ieie aei iaeii?? iiaea?oie.
Eiii? 2071 oa 6071, aeaeieaii a ?icii ?iee c aia?eaeo 1036o3369,
cia/ii aiaeaeaeaii iaeia aiae iaeii?, oa ia aoiaeyoue ii aei iaeiiai c
noaeeanoa?ia.
Aeei?enoaiiy IE? c aeiaieueieie i?aeia?aie aeicaieeei o aeaiie ?iaioi
i?iaiaeicoaaoe aeinoaoiuei aaeeeo eieueeinoue naeaeoeieiiai iaoa?iaeo
oa aeyaeoe aenieee iieiii?oici na?aae iia?aaeieo eiiie niiyoieea ia
?iaii AeIE; /ioei ?iciiaeieeoe ?o ia ioee aaoueeianueeeo oa
iaoa?einueeeo oi?i; ai?iaiaeii aiaeaeoe iioi?iaoeith i ?iaeiaiaei
iia?aaeia. Ciaiiy aaiaoe/ii? nii?iaeiaiinoi eiiie oyaey?oueny
ei?eniei aeey aaiaoeei-naeaeoeieieo aeineiaeaeaiue.
5. Aiaeic ca’yceo iiae iieaeoey?ii-aaiaoe/ieie ia?ea?aie oa iieacieeaie
aia?eaeia.
Aaiaoe/ii aeenoaioei? iiae eiiiyie, aecia/aii ia iniiai ia/eneaiiy 194
RAPD-eieonia, ?icaeyaeaee ye ii?o aaiaoe/iiai ?iciiiaiiooy na?aae
aeoiaeieo aaoueeianueeeo aaiioeiia. Caiaeii aeaieo ?icieo aeineiaeieeia,
ei?aeyoei? iiae oaeeie ia?aiao?aie ye aaiaoe/ii aeenoaioei? oa
a?iaeaeiinoue cia/ii aa?’ththoue. Lee et al.(1989) ciaeoia ei?aeyoeith
r=0,74 iiae iieacieeaie niaoeeoi/ii? eiiaiiaoeieii? caeiaiinoi oa
aaiaoe/ieie aeenoaioeiyie ca IAe?O-aeaieie o eoeo?oaece. A ?iaioi
Melchinger et al.(1990) aiaeiai/iee iieaciee aoa cia/ii iaioei :
r=0,39.
O 1996?. ia iieyo NAI (n.Aea/ia, Iaeanueea iae.) aoei i?iaaaeaii
no?auoaaiiy iiae icieyoi?aie ca nenoaiith oii-e?ina oa io?eiaia ianiiiy
36 aia?eaeia c ?iciei ?iaiai aaiaoe/ieo aeenoaioeie iiae
aaoueeianueeeie eiiiyie, caeo/ath/e aeecueei-, n?aaeiueinii?iaeiaii oa
iaeaieueo aiaeaeaeaii. Na?aaeiy a?iaeaeiinoue aaoueeianueeeo eiiie ii
ianiiith – 10oe/aa, ii iei? – 4,2oe/aa, ieieiinoue – 46,4%, ui neeaaea?
ii aiaeiioaiith aei iaoeiiiaeueiiai noaiaea?oo Oe?a?ie (noaiaea?o 249)
aiaeiiaiaeii 47,6%, 45,2% oa 92,2%. Iiiiiaeueii na?aaeii iieacieee ca
oniia ?icaeyaea?ieie iciaeaie (a?iaeaeiinoue ianiiiy, a?iaeaeiinoue
iei?, ieieiinoue, aaoa?icen ca a?iaeaeiinoth ianiiiy oa iei?,
aaoa?icen ca ieieiinoth) niinoa?iaaee o aia?eaeia I a?oie (aaiaoe/ii
aeenoaioei? iiae aaoueeianueeeie eiiiyie 0,0152
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