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Ee?anueeee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea

Aoaecai?anueea ??eia Aaiiaae??aia

OAeE 578.864; 574.64

Aeine?aeaeaiiy oee?eoeyoe?? o?oia??on?a a a?oioao

??cieo ?aa?ii?a Oe?a?ie

03.00.16 -aeieia?y

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa a?ieia?/ieo iaoe

EE?A – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien

?iaioa aeeiiaia a eaai?aoi??? aeieia?? a??on?a ?inoeoooo aa?iaeieia?? oa
a?ioaoiieia?? OAAI

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – aeieoi? a?ieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, aeaaeai?e OAAI
Aieei Aiaoie?e Eaii?aeiae/, Ee?anueeee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? Oa?ana
Oaa/aiea, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?ith a??onieia??

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe- aeieoi? a?ieia?/ieo iaoe Nieiiaoa Aieiaeeie?
Aiae??eiae/, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e aioai?ee Ee?anueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai?
Oa?ana Oaa/aiea

– aeieoi? a?ieia?/ieo iaoe Ua?aaoaiei ?aai Noaiaiiae/, ?inoeooo
i?e?ia?ieia?? oa a??onieia?? IAIO, noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee,
caa?aeoaa/ a?aeae?eii o?oiiaoiaaiieo a??on?a

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – Oeaio?aeueiee aioai?/iee naae ?i. I.I A?eoea IAIO,
i. Ee?a

Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny “21”aeiaoiy 1999 ?ieo i __aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae.26.001.24 a?ieia?/iiai
oaeoeueoaoo Ee?anueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea, 252127,
Ee?a, i?iniaeo Aeooeiaa,2, a?ieia?/iee oaeoeueoao, aoae. 215.

Ii/oiaa aae?ana: 252033, Ee?a-33, aoe. Aieiaeeie?nueea, 64.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue a a?ae?ioaoe? Ee?anueeiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea ca aae?anith aoe. Aieiaeeie?nueea,
58.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “20”aa?aniy1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee A?aeii I.A.

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. A oaia??oi?e /an a??one ?ineei i?eaa?oathoue oaaao
aeine?aeiee?a oa ae?iaiee?a aaeeeei ?iciianthaeaeaiiyi oa i?aeaeuaiiyi
oeiaei/eiiino?, ui i?ecaiaeeoue aei cia/ieo ao?ao a?iaea?a ?, ye
iane?aeie, aeiiii?/ieo caeoe?a. Iaaeinoaoiuei aea/aiei ? ieoaiiy i?i
aeieia?th a??on?a oa ?o oee?eoeyoe?th a a?ioeaiicao (Aieei, 1989).

?nioth/? ia nueiaiaeiyoi?e /an i?aeoiaee, ye i?aaeei, nie?athoueny ia
aeine?aeaeaiiy oa i?iaiicoaaiiy iioe?aiiy caoaeiee?a a??onieo ?ioaeoe?e
?ineei, ye? ia?aaeathoueny eiiaoaie (Kegler H. et all, 1995, Nelson
M.R., 1994) aai iaiaoiaeaie (Brown D., 1989). Aea/aiith ?ie? a?oio?a oa
?ioeo ?aca?aaio?a (Heldel G.B., C.M.Rush., 1994; Spaar D.,Kegler H.,
1994) i?enay/aii cian?i iaei ?ia?o. Iaeiae ia i?aeeyaa? noii?ao, ui
aaeoi?e iiaeooue ia?aeiii ?io?eoaaoeny ia eeoa c eoeueoo?ieo ?ineei, aea
? c a?oioo. I?e oeueiio iiaeooue aeieeaoe ai?o?oio??, ye? oaeoe/ii
aeeeeeathoue iiaio caaeaaeue o?iaeath ia aaeeeeo ieiuao (Aieei A.E.,
1990).

A inoaii? ?iee a??one ?ineei a aaeee?e e?eueeino? aoee aeaoaeoiaai? a
a?oio? oa iiaa?oiaa?e aiae?. Aaaaoi c oeeo a??on?a iathoue iaa?aeiieo
iia?o?yieo aaeoi??a (Koenig R., 1988). Aei aeaaii a?aeiieo aeaio a?oi
a?oioiaeo a??on?a, ye? ia?aaeathoueny aai iaiaoiaeaie c ?iae?a
Longidorus, Xiphinema i Trichodorus, aai ciinii?aie a?oioiaeo a?ea?a c
?iae?a Polymixa i Olpidium a oaia??oi?e /an aeiaea?oueny a?oia
a?oioiaeo a??on?a, i?aaenoaaieeai yei? i?eoaiaiia oa, ui aiie a?eueieie
a???iiaie (in vitro) cono??/athoueny a a?oio? oa aiae? ? iathoue ciiao
ia?aoiaeeoe aac aeiiiiiae ia?aiiniee?a a?ae oai?eo ?ineei aei caei?iaeo,
oi/a aeaye? c ieo iiaeooue ia?aaeaaaoeny ca aeiiiiiaith iaiaoiae aai
i?e?ineii?/ieie a?eaaie (Kegler H., 1995).

A??one ?ineei iiaeooue caa??aaoeny a?ae naciio aei naciio a a?oio?,
iiiaaeath/e ooaee ye i?yiei (c ?ineeiieo caeeoe?a aai ei?aiaaeo
aieine?a), oae ? iiina?aaeeiaaiei oeyoii (a??onai?ni? aene?aiaioe); a
ca”yceo c oeei ?nio? caa?ica ca?aaeaiiy iiaeo ?ineei a??onieie
?ioaeoe?yie. Oiio iaiao?aeii aeyaeyoe ?aca?aoa?e a??onieo ?ioaeoe?e a
aa?ioeaiicao, a oaeiae aeine?aeaeoaaoe iiaeeea? oeyoe ?iciianthaeaeaiiy
a??on?a /a?ac a?oio, yeee ? oaeiae iaeiie/oaa/ai ?aae?iioee?ae?a oa
aaaeeeo iaoae?a. A?i ? iniiaiith eaieith aeieia?/ii? i?o? a ye?e
iaiao?aeii aaea ia ?aii?o aoaiao aio?iiiaaiiiai caa?oaeiaiiy ioe?ithaaoe
a?aeaeaeai? iane?aeee oaei? ae?? ia eiai a?ieia?/io aeoeai?noue.
I?e?ii?aai?cie oa a??one, ye? ciaoiaeyoueny a a?oio?, aeinoaoiuei
oaeaeei ?aaaothoue ia ci?io oiia ioi/oth/iai na?aaeiaeua (Aai?iaa A.E.,
1996). C ae?oaiai aieo, ae?y aio?iiiaaiiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy ia ??no oa
?icaeoie ?ineei iiina?aaeeiaaii aai aaciina?aaeiuei aieeaa? ia
o?oia??one. ?ineeii? na?aaeiaeua a aaeee?e i??? i?aeiaaeathoue i?ae
?oei?aio ae?th aio?iiiaaiieo aa?ioe/ieo oa a?icaa?oaeithth/eo oaeoi??a.
A aeieia?/ii iani?eyoeeaeo ?aa?iiao a a?ioeaiicao iaeiie/othoueny a
aaeee?e e?eueeino? o?oiiaoiaaie, a oiio /ene? ? a??one. Eiee iaoiaai
?io?iaeoeo?oueny, a?i iiaea aeeeeeaoe na?eici? o?aaeaiiy i?e?iaei?o
/eai?a a?ioeaiico, iineethth/e i?aneia iani?eyoeeaeo oaeoi??a
na?aaeiaeua.

Anoaiiaeaiiy iiaeeeaeo aca?iica”yce?a i?ae iayai?noth a??onieo aioeaai?a
a ?ineeiao oa a?oio? no/anieie a??onieia?/ieie oa
iieaeoey?ii-a?ieia?/ieie iaoiaeaie ? aeoaea aaaeeeaei a ?icoi?ii?
?iciianthaeaeaiiy o?oia??on?a ?ineei oa oee?eoeyoe?? ?o a aa?ioeaiicao.

Iaoa ? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue. Aea/eoe ?iciianthaeaeai?noue
?IE-aaiiiieo o?oia??on?a ??cieo oaeniiii?/ieo a?oi (oaeeo ye Tobamovirus
-AOI; Cucumovirus – AII; Potyvirus -OAE, AIA; Potexvirus – OAE;
Luteovirus – ANIA, AAEEss, Hordeivirus -AOIss) a a?oioao a ??cieo
aeieia?/ieo oiiaao Oe?a?ie oa ioe?ieoe iiaeeea?noue aeieeiaiiy
ai?o?oio?e, aeeeeeaieo oeeie a??onaie. Aeey aeinyaiaiiy oe??? iaoe
iaiao?aeii aoei ae??oeoe oae? caaaeaiiy:

1. Aeei?enoiaoth/e iaoiaee ?aiaeii?ciaaiiai iieueiaiai aenia?eiaioo,
?OA, OAI oa ?NAI, aea/eoe ?iciianthaeaeai?noue o?oia??on?a a a?oioao
??cieo aeieia?/ieo ?aa?ii?a Oe?a?ie.

2. Noai?eoe eiii”thoa?iee aaie aeaieo ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? a??on?a a a?oio?
(ca ?acoeueoaoaie ?OA).

3. Aeine?aeeoe aieea ioi/oth/iai na?aaeiaeua (oei a?oioo,
o?ceei-o?i?/iee neeaae a?oioo, n?aici?ie) ia eiioai?iaoe?th a?oioo
a??onaie.

4. ?ic?iaeoe ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? aeey ?aoe?iiaeueiiai caieaei?enooaaiiy c
a?aooaaiiyi aeaieo no/anieo iaoiae?a o?oia??onii? ae?aaiinoeee a?oio?a.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a.. Aia?oa a Oe?a?i? i?iaaaeaii
ianoaaeaiiy ??cieo ?aa?ii?a ia iayai?noue a a?oio? aioeaai?a oaeeo
o?oia??on?a ye AOI, AII, OAE, OAE, AAEEss, AOIss, ANIN, AIN.

Aia?oa noai?aii ea?oo iioe?aiiy o?oia??on?a a a?oioao aeine?aeaeaieo
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo ?aa?ii?a Oe?a?ie.

Aeey iie?ioaiiy ?iaioe c aaeeeeie ianeaaie ?acoeueoao?a ?OA noai?aii
eiii”thoa?iee aaie aeaieo ?iciianthaeaeaiiy o?oia??onieo ?ioaeoe?e ia
aac? Microsoft Access.

?ic?iaeaii ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei ?aoe?iiaeueiiai caieaei?enooaaiiy
aa?ioeaiic?a Oe?a?ie c a?aooaaiiyi aeaieo o?oia??onii? ae?aaiinoeee
a?oio?a.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Iiaeeo?eiaaii iaoiaeeeo
ianoaaeaiiy a?oio?a ia a??oniiin?enoai ca aeiiiiiaith ?OA. Oea aeicaiey?
oaeaeei oa aoaeoeaii i?iaiaeeoe aeaoaeoe?th aioeaai?a o?oia??on?a a
a?oioao oa a?oioiaeo aiaeao.

Noai?aii ea?oo iioe?aiiy o?oia??on?a a a?oioao o aeine?aeaeaieo ?aa?iiao
Oe?a?ie, aeei?enoaiiy yei? aeicaiey? i?inoaaeeoe ei?aeyoe?th i?ae
iayai?noth aioeaai?a a??on?a a a?oio? oa aio?iiiaaiiei iaaaioaaeaiiyi
ioi/oth/iai na?aaeiaeua ?ioeie iiethoaioaie.

?ic?iaeaii ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? aeey n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo aeine?aeieo
noaioe?e oa noaioe?e caoenoo ?ineei aeey caiia?aaiiy ao?ao a?iaea?a a?ae
a??onieo ?ioaeoe?e, aeei?enoiaoth/e aeai? aeaoaeoe?? aioeaai?a
o?oia??on?a a a?oioao aa?i- oa a?ioeaiic?a.

Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Iniiai? aeine?aeaeaiiy ii oai? aaoi?ii
aeeiiai? naiino?eii. A?aea?? c?ace?a a?oioo c ??cieo aeieia?/ieo
?aa?ii?a Oe?a?ie, aeae?eaiiy oa iaeiie/aiiy a??on?a, iinoaiiaea
?ioiioa?iaioiiai aiae?co, aeaeo?iiia, ?ioiiaeaeo?iiia i?e?ineii?y,
aiae?c io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a, iiaoaeiaa eiii”thoa?iiai aaieo aeaieo
aoee aeeiiai? aaoi?ii iniaenoi ca aaciina?aaeiueith o/anoth e.a.i. A.I.
Iie?uoea ia aac? eaai?aoi??? aeieia?? oa aeaoaeoe?? a??on?a ?inoeoooo
aa?iaeieia?? oa a?ioaoiieia?? OAAI.

I?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue o?ceei-o?i?/ieo aeanoeainoae a?oio?a
i?iaiaeeeeny a eaai?aoi??? ioe?iee yeino? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueei?
i?iaeoeoe?? ?inoeoooo aa?iaeieia?? oa a?ioaoiieia?? OAAI ca o/anoth caa.
eaa., e.o.i. Naaeaithea A.Ae.

?ic?iaea eiii”thoa?ii? aace aeaieo i?iaiaeeeany ia aac? eaoaae?e
a??onieia?? Ee?anueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea ca o/anoth
ani??aioa eaoaae?e Aeai”yiaiei O.I.

Iaoeia? aeine?aeaeaiiy ii oai? aeeiiaii a?aeiia?aeii i?iaeoo ? 01.196U
012976.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe??. Iaoa??aee ?iaioe aeiiia?aeaeenue
ia Ana?in?eneiio c’?cae? ii caoenoo ?ineei “Caueoa ?anoaiee a oneiaeyo
?aoi?ie?iaaiey aa?ii?iiuoeaiiiai eiiieaena: yeiiiieea, yooaeoeaiinoue,
yeieiae/iinoue.” (Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a, ?in?y, a?oaeaiue 1995); ia 10
I?aeia?iaeiiio Eiia?an? ii a??onieia?? (??onaeei, ?c?a?eue, na?iaiue
1996); ia I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? “Ethoaia??one” (*??ai/anoa?,
Aiae?y, aa?acaiue 1997); I?aeia?iaeiiio ?aa?iiaeueiiio nai?ia?? “Ioi?iia
aeiae?eey”, (Oaeai?iae, Oe?a?ia, o?aaaiue 1997); ia Eiioa?aioe??
“Caa?aaeaiiy a?i??ciiiai?oiino? a Oe?a?i?” (Eai?a, aeiaoaiue, 1997); ia
I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? “Iooe ?aoaiey i?iaeai e ia?niaeoeau ?acaeoey
aeioaoiieiaee a aeaei?aoeaiii naaeiaiaenoaa e ieiaeiaiaenoaa” (sseoa,
E?ei, aa?anaiue 1997); ia 2 I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? “A?i?ano?ne oa
a??one”, (Ee?a, aa?anaiue 1998); ia 4 I?aeia?iaeiiio Neiiiceoi?
“Caa?oaeiaiiy iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua a Oeaio?aeuei?e oa Cao?aei?e
?a?ii?” (Aa?oaaa, Iieueua, aa?anaiue 1998); ia 16 Anana?oiueiio Eiia?an?
c a?oioiciaanoaa (Iiiiaeuea, O?aioe?y, na?iaiue 1998); VII I?aeia?iaeiee
neiiic?oi ii ai?aeai?ieia?? a??on?a ?ineei (Aeia??y, ?niai?y, ea?oaiue
1999).

Ioae?eaoe??. Ca iaoa??aeaie aeine?aeaeaiiy iioae?eiaaii 17 ?ia?o, c yeeo
6 – noaoo? o iaoeiaeo aeo?iaeao, 11 – iaoa??aee eiioa?aioe?e.

No?oeoo?a oa ianya ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny c anooio,
iaeyaeo e?oa?aoo?e, aenia?eiaioaeueii? /anoeie (3 ?icae?ee aeanieo
aeine?aeaeaiue, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae,
yeee aeeth/a? 153 aeaea?aea c ieo 94 ?iicaiieo aaoi??a). Aeeeaaeaia ia
124 noi??ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, ia? 20 iaethie?a, 27 oaaeeoeue, 5
noai oa 5 oioia?ao?e.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy, ui aeiinyoueny ia caoeno:

1. Aeyaeaii ei?aeyoe?th i?ae aeaoaeoe??th aioeaai?a o?oia??on?a o a?oio?
aa?i- oa i?e?iaei?o oeaiic?a oa caaaeueiei caa?oaeiaiiyi ioi/oth/iai
na?aaeiaeua.

2. Iieacaia iiaeeea?noue o?enaoe?? (caa?aaeaiiy) aioeaaiieo aeaoa?i?iaio
a??on?a ?ineei a a?oio? ye iieaciee o?oia??oniiai iaaaioaaeaiiy aa?i- oa
a?ioeaiic?a (iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua).

3. Aeiaaaeaii iaiao?aei?noue aeei?enoaiiy aeaieo aeaoaeoe?? a?oio?a ia
a??oniiin?enoai aeey ciaioaiiy ?eceeo ?icaeoeo o?oia??onieo
caoai?thaaiue n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eoeueoo?, ye? ae?iuothoueny ia
oa?eoi??? Oe?a?ie.

4. Ca?eueoaiiy eiioeaio?aoe?? a a?oio? aaaeeeo iaoae?a i?ecaiaeeoue aei
i?aeaeuaiiy eiioai?iaoe?? ?ineei a??onaie, ?icaeoeo a??onii? ?ioaeoe??
oa ye iane?aeie aoi?eiii? eiioai?iaoe?? a?oioo a??onaie aai ?o
aioeaaiaie.

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE.

Iaeyae e?oa?aoo?e. Aeeeaaeai? a?aeiiino? i?i a??one, ye? cono??/athoueny
o a?oio?, oa ?ieue a?oio?a o ?iciianthaeaeaii? a??on?a ?ineei.
I?eaaaeai? a?aeii? aeai? i?i aieea oaeoi??a iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua
ia o?oia??one oa aaciina?aaeiuei ia noaoon ?ineei oa ca”ycie
caa?oaeiaiiy aa?ioeaiic?a c iioe?aiiyi a??on?a. Iieacaia iaiao?aei?noue
aeei?enoaiiy eiii”thoa?ieo aac aeaieo a no/anieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo.

Iaoa??ae ? iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoa??aeii neoaoaaee a?oioe,
a?ae?a?ai? c aa?i oa a?ioeaiic?a o?ueio ?aa?ii?a O?a?ie, ye?
a?ae??ciythoueny i?ae niaith nooiaiai aio?iiiaaiiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy. Aoei
ianoaaeaii oae? ?aa?iie: a) Aieeinueea iaeanoue, Oaoeueeee
Iaoe?iiaeueiee ia?e c iaeiaioei nooiaiai aio?iiiaaiiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy;
a) Ee?anueea iaeanoue, Aiaoneaanueeee ?aa?ii, c na?aaei?i ??aiai
aio?iiiaaiiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy; a) Oa?e?anueea iaeanoue, Ci??anueeee
?aa?ii c aenieei nooioiai aio?iiiaaiiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy (?en. 1).

Caaaeueiee noai iiey ianoaaeoaaany ca oaeeie ia?aiao?aie : oaca ?icaeoeo
?ineei a iioiaaiac?, aeae ?ineeie, noai iiniaia, eieueeinoue
?ineei-ao?’yiia, i?ioeaio ?ineei c neiioiiaie ai?onieo caoai?thaaiue.

A?oio a?aeae?aee c o?ueio oi/ie ia eiaeiiio iie? a o?ueio iiaoi?iinoyo
ii 200 a?. A?aea?? i?iaiaeeany ia ??ci?e aeeaei?: 10, 20, 40 ni. C?acee
aiooaaee oeyoii aiiiaaiicaoeii iaaaaeee a?oioo (?en. 2). Aiiiaaiicaoeiy
i?iaiaeeeanue a iao?ie-oinoaoiiio aooa?i (?I 7.5) o niiaaiaeiioaiii 2:1
(iana:ia’?i). Iiney aiiiaaiicaoeii c?acee oeaio?eooaoaaee ( 5000 g, 20
oa., oeaio?eooaa ?N-6 ), iaaeinaae aiaeicoaaany a aeaeo?iiiiio
iie?ineiii (JAI -1200) iaoiaeii iaaaoeaiiai eiio?anooaaiiy ( 2 % OAE
?I6,5 aai 2 % OA ?I 4,0 ) (Stephen A. Hill, 1984) ).

Iayaiinoue ai?ono a ?ineeiao oa a?oioi aecia/aee ca aeiiiiiaith
iiaeeoieiaaiiai iaoiaeo IOA (Aiooiaa ?.A., 1993). Iioiooa?iaioiee aiaeic
canoiniaoaaany a iiaeeoieaoeii iai?yiiai ieaoeiaiai das-ELISA ia
iieenoe?ieiaeo ieaioaoao (o??ie Lab Systems ) ca caaaeueiii?eeiyoith
iaoiaeeeith (Kegler H., Fuchs H., Spaar D., Kegler J, 1994). Aeey
aeiaaiinoeee aeei?enoiaoaaeeny iieieeiiaeueii e?iey/i ne?iaaoee (IAO) oa
iiiieeiiaeuei? aioeo?ea (IAO). Ae?oai aioeoiea ( AO ) – eii’thaiaaii
ia?ieneaeacith c o?iio (aa?aiy/i) i?ioe Ig G e?iey oa e?iey/i i?ioe Ig G
ieoi. Noano?ao aeey i?iyaee oa oa?aoaaiiy – ia?aeen aiaeith oa
ae?ai?iiaaiceae?i (AeAA).

Aeey aeiaaiinoeee aeei?enoiaoaaeeny aioene?iaaoee aei oaeeo ai?onia : –
ai?on aeiaoii ea?eeeiainoi y/iaith (AAEEss) – IAeO, a ?icaaaeaii? 1:
100; -ai?on oo?eooaaoii iicaiee y/iaith (AOIss) – MSU, USA, a
?icaaaeaii? 1: 100; -ai?on iicaiee oeoe?iaiai ao?yeo (AIA) – IAeO, a
?icaaaeaii? 1 : 100; -ai?on neaaeiai iiaeiaoiiiy oeoe?iaiai ao?yeo
(ANIA) – RES, UK, a ?icaaaeaii? 1 : 100 ; -O-ai?on ea?oiiei (OAE) – ?NI
OAAI, a ?icaaaeaii? 1:25; -O-ai?on ea?oiiei (OAE) – ?NI OAAI, a
?icaaaeaii? 1:20; -a??on othothiiai? iica?ee (AOI) ?NI OAAI, a
?icaaaeaii? 1: 6; – a??on ia??eiai? iica?ee (AII) – ?NI OAAI, a
?icaaaeaii? 1:16.

Aiae?c o?ceei-o?i?/iiai neeaaeo a?oio?a i?iaiaeeee iaoiaeaie aoiiii?
aani?aoe?eii? niaeo?ineii?? (Oeiea?aiei A.E., Naaeaithe A.Ae., 1996).

Aeaeo?iiiii?e?ineii?/iee aiae?c c?ace?a i?iaiaeeee ca
caaaeueiii?eeiyoeie iaoiaeeeaie (Aieei A.E., 1990)

Aaie aeaieo io?eiaieo ca aeiiiiiaith ?OA, noai?aiee ia aac? Microsoft
Access .

?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue oa ?o iaaiai?aiiy

?iciianthaeaeai?noue a??on?a ?ineei a ??cieo aeieia?/ieo ?aa?iiao
Oe?a?ie. Iaea?aeaii ?acoeueoaoe aeineiaeaeaiue aeathoue ciiao
?icaeyiooe aeayei oaeoe caa?aaeaiiy i iioe?aiiy ai?onia, ui o?aaeothoue
nieuenueeiainiiaea?nueei eoeueoo?e.

A ??cieo aeieia?/ieo ?aa?iiao Oe?a?ie ii?iaithaaeenue iiey c iniiaieie
nieuenueeiainiiaea?nueeeie eoeueoo?aie: oeoe?iaei ao?yeii, ceaeiaeie oa
ea?oiieath, e?ii oiai, aeieyiee iaia?iaethaaieo ?aeiiia (caiiaiaeieeia,
aaeie oa ii ). Ianoaaeaiiy iieacaee /anoo cono??/a?i?noue o a?oioi
aioeaaio ai?ono aeiaoii ea?eeeiainoi y/iaith, ui aei oiai ae ei?aethaaea
i?aeoe/ii a onio ianoaaeaieo oeaiicao, aea ai?on aeiaoii ea?eeeiainoi
y/iaith aeyaeyany i ia ceaeiaeo (?en.3). Oaea ae caeaaeiinoue ia? iinoea
i o aeiaaeeo ai?ono oo?eooaaoi? iica?ee y/iaith. Ia aeeaey/enue ia
?iciee neeaae a?oioia, ii oeeo ai?onao Aieeinueea oa Eeianueea iaeanoi
i?aeoe/ii ia aiae?iciyeeny, a a Oa?e?anuee?e iaeanoi oei ai?one
aeyaeyeeny cia/ii /ano?oa. Oeieaai, ui oaea ae ei?aeyoeiy aeey oeeo
aeaio ai?onia, ui yaeythoue niaith cia/io caa?ico aeey ceaeiaeo
eoeueoo?, iieacaia i o aeiaaeeo c “aeeeeie” oeaiicaie (?en. 4), oiaoi i
a?oio i ?ineeie a aeineiaeieo oeaiicao yaeythoue niaith iioaioeieii
?aca?aaioe oeeo caoaeieeia. Niiaiaaea? c eioa?aoo?ieie aeaieie oie oaeo,
ui a??on ia??eiai? iica?ee cono?i/aaoueny a a?oioi (o Oa?eianueeie oa
Eeianueeie iaeanoi), i?e/iio ia ceaeao oeae ai?on i?enooiie oieueee o
Oa?eianueeiio ?aa?ii?.

Ia iieyo iiae oeoe?iaei ao?yeii aeyaeeany cianii iioa ea?oeia (?en.5). A
Oa?eianueeie oa Eeianueeie iaeanoyo /ano?oa anueiai cono??/aany a??on
aeiaoyieoe? ao?yeo ye a ?ineeiao, oae ? a a?oio?. A Iaeanueeie iaeano? –
oieueee o a?oioi. Ia iieyo Oa?eianueeii iaeanoi e?ii a??ono aeiaoyieoe?
ao?yeo aiaeii/aii oaeiae ai?on iicaiee ao?yeo, ai?on neaaeiai
iiaeiaoiiiy ao?yeo oa ai?on oo?eooaaoii iicaiee y/iaith (aai na?ieiai/ii
aeecueeee aei iueiai) (?en.4). Neiae aiaeiioeoe, ui i?aeoe/ii ani
ianoaaeaii iiey oeoe?iaiai ao?yeo a Oa?eianueeie iaeanoi a c?iooaaieie.
Oa?aeoa?ii, ui oei ae ai?one aeaoaeooaaeeny i ia oeoe?iaiio ao?yeo,
iaeiae oaeoia ia?aaea/i a??ono iica?ee, aeiaoooe oa neaaeiai iiaeiao?iiy
ao?yeo /a?ac a?oio a eioa?aoo?i ia cono?i/aaoueny. sseui ii?iaithaaoe a
oeieiio, oi Oa?eianueea iaeanoue ciiao caa?oa? ia naaa oaaao iayaiinoth
ai?onia oeoe?iaiai ao?yeo a “aeeeeo” oeaiicao, ui iiaea iaoe ca’ycie c
caaaeueiei caa?oaeiaiiyi na?aaeiaeua. Caaaeii ye?ac o Oa?eianueeie
iaeanoi a ianoaaeaieo “aeeeeo” oeaiicao iaeoe?oa i?aaenoaaeaii ai?one
?ineei: AOI, AII-1, AIA.

I?e aeine?aeaeaii? iie?a ea?oiie? a Ee?anuee?e iaeano? /ano?oa anueiai
cono??/aeeny OAE oa OAE, i?e/iio niinoa??aaeany ei?aeyoe?y i?ae
iayai?noth a??on?a a a?oio? oa ?ineei?. O Aieeinuee?e iaeano? aeyaeaii
OAE, aea ia oeo iieyo, aea ye aeia?eai aiineee ai?e c oa?i, ui iiaea
na?ae/eoe i?i oa, ui a??on, i?ioiaey/e /a?ac oeoieiaee o?aeo oaa?ei, ia
ao?a/a? nai?o ?ioaeoe?eieo aeanoeainoae (oaae.1).

I?e aeineiaeaeaiii aiioeaiicia Aieeinueeii iaeanoi ia niinoa?iaaeanue
ei?aeyoeiy iiae iayaiinoth ai?onia a ?ineeiao oa a?oioi. Aoee iaea?aeaii
iiceoeaii ?acoeueoaoe IOA a ie?aieo aa?ioeaiicao ia a??on iica?ee
ao?yeo, O-a??on ea?oiie? oa a??on othothiiai? iica?ee. Oei ai?one
cono?i/aeeny aai oieueee a ?ineeiao, aai oieueee a a?oioi a caeaaeiinoi
aiae iinoey aiaeai?o i?ia. Aioeaai a??ono neaaeiai iiaeiao?iiy ao?yeo
aoa aeiaaiinoiaaiee oieueee a a?oioi.

Ineieueee ?ineeie-?aca?aaioe oa eiioai?iiaaiee iaoiaaiaie a?oio,
iiaeooue aooe aeaea?aeaie iioaeoeii aeey eoeueoo?ieo ?ineei, iaiaoiaeii
eiio?iethaaoe neooaoeith uiaei aeyaeaieo o i?e?iaeieo ciiao ai?onia.

Ca aeiiiiiaith ia?aiinieeia aai aac ieo ai?one iiaeooue eiioaiiioaaoe ua
aieueii aiae ieo a?aaee, a oiio /enei i oi , ui aeei?enoiaothoueny iiae
nieuenueeiainiiaea?nueei oaiaeaey. Oea iiaea i?ecaanoe aei iaaaaeaieo
ianeiaeeia, yei i?iyaeythoueny o cia/ieo ao?aoao a?iaeath oeiiieo
nieuenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eoeueoo? .

Ii?iaithth/e aeaii ?iciianthaeaeaiinoi ai?onieo iioaeoeie ii
aeineiaeaeaiei ?aaiiiai, iiaeia aeieoe aeniiaeo, ui ?icii ai?one ia
iaeiaeiai /anoi cono?i/athoueny, a ioaea i ?ecee aeieeiaiiy iioaeoeie
oaae iaiaeiaeiaee. Ca io?eiaieie aeaieie aoea noai?aia ea?oa
?iciianthaeaeaiiino? aioeaai?a o?oia??on?a ??cieo oaeniiii?/ieo a?oi
oaeeo ye Tobamo-, Cucumo-, Poty-, Potex-, Luteo-, Hordeivirus a a?oioao
o?ueio ?aa?ii?a Oe?a?ie (?en. 6). Aiia iieaco? ia??aiii??i?noue
?iciianthaeaeaiiy o?oia??on?a oa ?? caeaaei?noue a?ae nooiaith
aio?iiiaaiiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy aa?i oa i?e?iaei?o oeaiic?a.

Aeea caa?oaeiaiiy iaaeieeoiueiai na?aaeiaeua ia iioe?ai?noue
o?oia??on?a. Aeine?aeaeai? aa?ioeaiice ??cieo aeieia?/ieo ?aa?ii?a
i?aaenoaaeai? oeiiaeie neaaiii?aecieaieie, neaai- oa
na?aaeiueinoaeeieiaeie /i?iicaiaie. A?aei?iiino? i?ae ieie i?aaenoaaeai?
iaiaeiaeiaei aio?iiiaaiiei iaaaioaaeaiiyi (a naia, ai?noii aaaeeeo
iaoae?a a i?iiio oa??, ai?noii ianoeoeeae?a oa ?i). Ia ?en. 7 iieacai?
?acoeueoaoe ii??aiyeueiiai aiae?co aa?ioeaiic?a 3-o ?aa?ii?a ia ai?no
aeayeeo aaaeeeo iaoae?a a iiaa?oiaaiio i?iiio oa?? (0-20 ni).
I?aeaeuaiee ??aaiue aaaeeeo iaoae?a (?en. 8) o ?aeii? Ci??anueei? Ae?AN
(Oa?e?anueeee ?aa?ii) ai/aaeaeue iia”ycaiee c ae?yeuei?noth iiooaeii?
oaieiaeaeo?inoaioe??, a oie aea /an, ye aa?ioeaiice Aieei? ?icoaoiaai? a
cii? Iaoe?iiaeueiiai ia?eo. Ia iaethieao (?en. 8-9) iieacai?
?ioaa?aeuei? ?acoeueoaoe ii??aiyiiy eiioeaio?aoe?e a??onieo aioeaai?a
(AOI, AIA, AAEEss, AII, OAE) a oeo aea aa?ioeaiicao ? ianoaaeaieo
i?e?iaei?o oeaiicao.

I?e aeine?aeaeaii? a?oio?a ia iayai?noue a??onieo aioeaai?a aeyaeeiny,
ui iaea?eueo /anoi cono??/athoueny 4 c ieo: AOI, AII, AOIss, OAE. I?e
oeueiio a?aei?/a?oueny i?yia caeaaei?noue i?ae /anoioith cono??/a?iino?
aioeaai?a a??on?a oa nooiaiai caa?oaeiaiiy aa?ioeaiic?a (a aeaiiiio
aeiaaeeo oaeeie aaaeeeie iaoaeaie ye eaaei?e, i?eaeue, naeiaoeue,
i?aeue, oeeie). Aoei aeyaeaii, ui OAE a a?oio? Oa?e?anueei? iaeano?
cono??/a?oueny o 4 ?ace /ano?oa i?ae o Aieeinuee?e oa a 2 ?ace /ano?oa,
i?ae a ianoaaeaieo aa?ioeaiicao Ee?anueei? iaeano?. AII a aa?ioeaiicao
Oa?e?anueei? iaeano? cono??/a?oueny a 2 ?ace /ano?oa, i?ae a
Aieeinuee?e. AOIss a 4 ?ace /ano?oa cono??/a?oueny a Oa?e?anuee?e, i?ae
a Aieeinuee?e iaeanoyo. AOI a ianoaaeaieo c?aceao a?oioo c Oa?e?anueei?
iaeano? aeaoaeooaaany a 2 ?ace /ano?oa, i?ae a ?ioeo ianoaaeaieo
iaeanoyo.

Eiioeaio?aoe?y a??onieo aioeaai?a a a?oio? caeaaeeoue oaeiae ? a?ae
n?aici?ie a aa?ioeaiicao (?en. 10), a oie /an ye a i?e?iaeieo oeaiicao
oeae ??aaiue eiioeaio?aoe?? ciaoiaeeoueny ia a?eueo-iaio iino?eiiio
??ai?.

E??i oiai ne?ae a?aei?oeoe i?aeaeuaiiy ai?noo iaaieo a??on?a (oaeeo ye
AOI, OAE) a a?oio?, a yeee aiineee ye aeia?eai ai?e c oa?i (oaae. 1).
Oea i?aeaeuaiiy iiaea aooe iia”ycaii ai/aaeaeue c caa?aaeaiiyi a??ono a
?ineeiieo caeeoeao i?e i?ioiaeaeaii? /a?ac oeoieiai-eeoa/io nenoaio
oaa?eie (a aeaiiiio aeiaaeeo aaeeei? ?iaaoi? ooaeiae).

Caaaeueia ca?eueoaiiy eiioeaio?aoe?? a??onieo aioeaai?a a a?eueo
caa?oaeiaieo ?aa?iiao iiaea aooe iiyniaii ye i?eai?/oth/ath ae??th
oaeoi??a caa?oaeiaiiy ia ?ioiio nenoaio ?ineei, ye? ?inoooue a aeaiiio
aa?ioeaiic?, oae ? (ui iaio eiia??ii) aaciina?aaei?i aieeaii ia
?ioaeoe?ei? a???iie a a?e ca?eueoaiiy ?o ?ioaeoe?eiino?. ?acoeueoaoe
i?iaaaeaieo iaie iiaeaeueieo aenia?eiaio?a na?ae/aoue i?i oa, ui
caa?oaeiaiiy a?oioo aaaeeeie iaoaeaie aeiiiiaaa? eiioai?iaoe?? a??onaie
?ineei c ciai?oiueiai na?aaeiaeua ca ?aooiie i?eai?/aiiy ?o
o?c?ieia?/ii? aeoeaiino? (?ioiiiai noaoono), ?icaeoeo a??oniio
?ioaeoe??, ?, ye iane?aeie, aoi?eii?e eiioai?iaoe?? a?oioo a??onaie aai
ae ?o aioeaaiaie.

Noai?aiiy eiii”thoa?ii? aace aeaieo. ?iaioa, ui iia”ycaia c aea/aiiyi
?iciianthaeaeaiiy a??onieo aioeaai?a aeiaaa? aoaeoeaiiai ii?aoethaaiiy
aaee/acieo ianea?a aeaieo. Oae, ca 1996 ??e aoei i?iaaaeaii iiiaae 20000
oano?a ?iioiini?aoe?eiiai oa?iaioiiai aiae?co, oiaoi a ?acoeueoao? aoei
io?eiaii 20000 iaeeieoeue aeaieo, iieiaeia c yeeo aenia?eiaioaeuei?
c?acee c aeaoaeueieie iienaie (aea a?ae?a?aii, ia ye?e eoeueoo??, iie?,
ia yeee a??on ia?aa??aii ? o.i.). Aeey i?aeaeuaiiy oaeaeeino? oa
aoaeoeaiino? ?iaioe c io?eiaieie ?acoeueoaoaie aoei noai?aii aaco
aeaieo, ui o eiiiaeoiiio ? c?o/iiio aeaeyae? caa??aa? ? eiio?ieth? a?ae
iiieeie oe? aeai?. Iiia?aaei? aeai?, ui aaiaeyoueny o aaco, ni?oothoueny
? noaiaea?oecothoueny. Ca eiaeiei caienii cae??ieth?oueny oi?eaeueiee
iiia?.

I?ney aaaaeaiiy aeaieo, io?eiaieo ca aeiiiiiaith ?OA, an? iiaeaeueo?
i?ioeane ?o ia?iaee iiai?noth aaoiiaoeciaai?. Oae, aeey ioe?iee
aaaaeaieo aeaieo ? iaea?aeaiiy aeniiaeo i?i i?enooi?noue a??ono o
aoaeue-yeiio c?aceo aeinoaoiuei c?iaeoe aeae?eueea iia?aoe?e ? aea?aoe
cia/ou? eiio?ie? .

Ine?eueee iaoith aeine?aeaeaiiy ? iii?oi??ia ? eiio?ieue
caoai?thaaiiino? a oe?eiio ii e?a?i?, iaiao?aeii aeaoe ciiao c
caaaeueii? iane aeaieo a?ae?a?aoe eeoa o?, ui oe?eaaeyoue ia aeaiee
iiiaio. Oae, yeui oe?eaaeie ? an? aeai? ii iaeiiio eiie?aoiiio ?aa?iio
?o a?aea?? iiaeia i?iaanoe i?inoi aea?aaoe iaiao?aeiee ?aa?ii ia
ii/aoeiaeo aoaiao ?iaioe aace .

?ioa ni?aaa, eiee oaeaeei iaiao?aeii a?aeooeaoe aeai? ia i?inoi ii
eiie?aoiiio ?aa?iio, a ciaeoe aeai?, iai?eeeaae, ii ioaieoe? eiie?aoiiai
eieainio ia eiie?aoiiio iie?. Aeey oeueiai aoei ?ic?iaeaii niaoe?aeueio
i?ia?aio.

Aeai? a?aeai?o ca eiie?aoieie e?eoa??yie caa??aathoueny o oaaeeoeyo, a
o?iaeuei? aeai?, a?ae?a?ai? ca an?ia /ioe?ia e?eoa??yie caa??aathoueny o
oaaeeoe? “LastTable” ? iiaeooue aooe aeaaaeai? ia ae?oe aai
neiiaa?oiaai? o oaaeeoe? “Microsoft Exel”, “Microsoft Word”, aai o
cae/aeiee oaenoiaee oaee. I?eeeaae a?aeai?o aeaieo ca e?eoa??yie a??on
– AAEA, AIA, ANIA; c?acie- oeoe?iaee ao?ye, a?oio ii an?e Oe?a?i?
iaaaaeaii o ?en. 11.

C oaaeeoe? aeaeii, ui ?nio? iaaeaicia/ia ei?aeyoe?y i?ae iayai?noth
a??on?a AAEA oa AIA a a?oio? ? a oeoe?iaeo ao?yeao. Oaeei /eiii iiaeia
ia?aaeaa/eoe, ui i?e iin?a? ia oaeeo iieyo oeoe?iaiai ao?yeo a
ianooiiiio nacii? ?nio? aaeeea eiia??i?noue ?icaeoeo oeueiai
caoai?thaaiiy na?aae ?ineei. Ioaea, ia iniia? oaeeo aeaieo iiaeia
anoaiiaeoe caaaeuei? caeiiii??iino? i?ae iayai?noth a??ono a oeo /e
?ioeo eoeueoo?ieo ?ineeiao ? a ??cieo aeaeao ao?’yi?a, ui ? noiooi?ie ia
oeeo iieyo, iayai?noth eiai a a?oio? oa aeeei?inoo/eo ?ineeiao, ui
ioi/othoue iiey, ? ieaioaaoe n?aici?ie oaeei /eiii, uia ia ae?eueieoeyo,
ia yeeo i?enooi? ?aca?aaoi?e (a?oio, iaaeaeeoey, ao?’yie, eiiaoe ? o.i.)
oiai /e ?ioiai a??ono, aen?aaeenue eoeueoo?e, no?ee? aei iueiai. Oaeee
i?aeo?ae aeicaieeoue ia ia?oeo aoaiao (a ia?o? ?iee) iiia?aaeeoe
ai?o?oio??, a a iiaeaeueoiio cieceoe ?iciianthaeaeai?noue ? ioe a??on?a
aei aacia/ieo ??ai?a.

Aeniiaee

1 Iieacaia ia??aiii??i?noue ?iciianthaeaeaiiy o?oiiaoiaaiieo a??on?a a
ianoaaeaieo iaeanoyo oa ?? caeaaei?noue a?ae oa?aeoa?enoee a?oioo oa
nooiaith aio?iiiaaiiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy aa?i- oa i?e?iaei?o oeaiic?a;
noai?aia ea?oa iioe?aiiy a??on?a ?ineei ??cieo oaeniiii?/ieo a?oi.

2. ?ic?iaeaii noaio a?aeai?o c?ace?a a?oioo aeey aecia/aiiy aioeaai?a
o?oia??on?a oa iaoiaeeeo i?aeaioiaee oa i?iaaaeaiiy ?ioiioa?iaioiiai
aiae?co i?ia.

3. A a?oioao aeine?aeaeaieo aa?ioeaiic?a niinoa??aa?oueny eieeaaiiy
eiioeaio?aoe?e aioeaai?a a??on?a ?ineei c ?ieo a ??e, yea caeaaeeoue
a?ae ?ineei, ui eoeueoeaothoueny; a a?oioao i?e?iaei?o oeaiic?a
eiioeaio?aoe?y a??on?a ii ?ieao i?aeoe/ii ia a?ae??ciy?oueny ? cia/ii
iaioa a?ae ?o eiioeaio?aoe?? a aa?ioeaiicao.

4. ?iciiae?e o?oia??on?a ii ??ciei oa?ai (aeeaei?) a?oioo caeaaeeoue a
ia?oo /a?ao a?ae eiioeaio?aoe?? a??ono a ?ineeiao aa?ioeaiico ? a iaio?e
i??? a?ae aaeni?aoe?eieo aeanoeainoae a?oioo.

5. Ciaoiaeaeaiiy (aeaoaeoe?y) aioeaai?a o?oia??on?a o a?oio? i?ioyaii
aeae?eueeio aaaaoaoe?eieo ia??iae?a na?ae/eoue i?i oee?eoeyoe?th oiai /e
?ioiai o?oia??ono a aeaiiio aa?ioeaiic? ? iiaea aeei?enoiaoaaoeny ye
ae?aaiinoe/iee oa i?iaiinoe/iee iieaciee aeey ia?aaeaa/aiiy ?icaeoeo oa
iioe?aiiy a??onieo ?ioaeoe?e ?ineei.

6. Noai?aii aaco aeaieo ?aeaioeo?eaoe?? a??onieo aioeaai?a a
aeine?aeaeaieo a?oioao aeieia?/ieo i?o, yea aeeiio? ianooii? ooieoe??:

– caa?aaeaiiy, ni?ooaaiiy oa ?aeyoe?eia ii?aeiaiiy iiia?aaei?o aeaieo;

– aiae?c ia?aeiieo oa aoi?eiieo aeaieo;

– a?aea?? oa iiooe iio??aieo aeaieo oa eiiiiioaaiiy iiaeo caaeaieo
ianea?a c iaoith ?o iiaeaeueoiai aeei?enoaiiy aeey i?iaiicoaaiiy.

7. Iiina?aaeeiaaiee aieea iiethoaio?a ia a?oio (?I, eiioeaio?aoe?y ?ii?a
oa i?aai?/ieo ?a/iaei, oa?iaioaoeai? ?aaeoe??) oa ia iioiaaiac ?ineei
aieeaa? ia ?ioiiee noaoon ?ineei, i?ioeane aca?iiae?? a??on – ?ineeia oa
a??on – ia?aiiuee, oa/aai aaciina?aaeiuei ia a??oni? /anoee, ui iiaea
i?ecaiaeeoe aei aeieeiaiiy iiaeo ooai?a a??on?a aai ci?ie ?ioaeoe?eiino?
aaea ?nioth/eo.

8. Ca?eueoaiiy eiioeaio?aoe?? a a?oio? oaeeo aaaeeeo iaoae?a ye Ni, Cd,
Pb, Zn, Cu i?ecaiaeeoue aei i?aeaeuaiiy eiioai?iaoe?? ?ineei a??onaie,
?icaeoeo a??onii? ?ioaeoe?? oa ye iane?aeie aoi?eiii? eiioai?iaoe??
a?oioo a??onaie aai ?o aioeaaiaie.

Ia?ae?e iioae?eiaaieo i?aoeue.

1. Iie?uoe A.I., Nai/oaiaa I.A., Aoaecai?anea ?.A., Aieiaaiueei I.E.,
Aieei A.E. Iii?oi?eia oa no?aoaa?y i?iaiicoaaiiy a??onieo caoai?thaaiue
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo ?ineei a ??cieo aa?ioeaiicao Oe?a?ie.
//Aeiiia?ae? Iaoe?iiaeueii? aeaaeai?? iaoe Oe?a?ie.- 1998.- ?2.- C.
184-187.

2. Oeaii/oe O.I., Iie?uoe A.I., Aoaecai?anueea ?.A., Aieei A.E. Aea/aiiy
ao?’yi?a ye ?aca?aaio?a a??onieo ?ioaeoe?e a aa?ioeaiicao.//A?niee
aa?a?ii? iaoee.- 1998.- ?2. – C. 20-22.

3. Aoaecai?anueea ?.A., Iie?uoe A.I., Oeaii/oe O.I., Aieei A.E. Ca’ycie
i?ae iayai?noth aioeaai?a o?oia??on?a a a?oio?, no?oeoo?ith a?oio?a oa
aeieia?/iei noaiii ciai?oiueiai na?aaeiaeua. //A?niee aa?a?ii? iaoee,
1998.- ?9. – C. 61-63.

4. Iie?uoe A.I., Aieei A.E., Aoaecai?anueea ?.A., Oeaii/oe O.I.
Eiio?ieue ca ethoaia??onieie ?ioaeoe?yie a ??cieo aa?ioeaiicao Oe?a?ie//
A?niee Ee?anueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea – 1998.-Aei.
N.57-58.

5. Polischuk V.P., Shadchina T.M., Kompanetz T.I., Budzanivskaya I.G.,
Boyko A.L., Sozinov A.A. Changes in reflectance spectrum
characteristics of Nicotiana debney plant under the influence of viral
infection // Arh. Phytopath. Pflanz., 1997.- Bd.31.- S. 115-119.

6. Polischuk V., Boyko A., Spaar D., Budzanivska I., Boubriak O. and
Tyvonchuk T. Monitoring of some phytoviral infections in Ukraine. //
Arh. Phytopath. Pflanz., 1998.- Bd. 31.- S. 459-464.

7. Aieei A.E., Iie?uoe A.I., Aoaecai?anueea ?.A. Ia?niaeoeae
aeei?enoaiiy iaoiae?a aeenoaioe?eiiai ciiaeoaaiiy aeey i?iaiico oa
i?io?eaeoeee a??onieo caoai?thaaiue n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo
eoeueoo?//“Oai?aoe/i? oa i?aeoe/i? aniaeoe aeiaaino?ieiaiai
i?iaiicoaaiiy aa?iiaoai?ieia?/ieo /eiiee?a ? i?iaiic ?o aiiiae?e ia
ia??iae aei 2005” – Ee?a, 1995.-C. 20-22.

8. Iieeuoe A.I., Nai/oaiaa I.A., Aoaecaieaneay E.A., Aieiaaiueei A.E.,
Aieei A.E. Iiieoi?eia e i?iaiice?iaaiea ae?oniuo caaieaaaiee
naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo ?anoaiee a ?acee/iuo aa?ioeaiicao Oe?aeiu//”Caueoa
?anoaiee a oneiaeyo ?aoi?ie?iaaiey aa?ii?iiuoeaiiiai eiiieaena:
yeiiiieea, yooaeoeaiinoue, yeieiae/iinoue”.- Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a, 1995.- C.
74-75.

9. Aeai’yiaiei O.I., Aoaecai?anueea ?.A., Iie?uoe A.I., Aieiaaiueei I.E.
Aeei?enoaiiy iaoaiaoe/ieo iiaeaeae aeey ioe?iee ?iciianthaeaeaiiino?
o?oia??on?a a aeayeeo ?aa?iiao Oe?a?ie. // 2-aa I?aeia?iaeia
eiioa?aioe?y “A?i?ano?ne oa a??one”, Ee?a, Oe?a?ia, 7-10 aa?aniy, 1998.-
E., 1998.-C. 79.

10. Iaee/eiiiae?aiee a??on, aeae?eaiee c Elytrigia repens
*i?iiaeeuenueei? ciie // 2-aa I?aeia?iaeia eiioa?aioe?y “A?i?ano?ne oa
a??one”, Ee?a, Oe?a?ia, 7-10 aa?aniy, 1998.-E., 1998.- C. 114.

11. Polischuk, N.A. Senchugova, I.G. Budzanivskaya, F.P. Demyanenko.
Diagnostics, control and prognosis of plant viral diseases in different
ecological regions of Ukraine //10th Int. Congr. of Virology, Jerusalem,
Israel, 11-16 August, 1996.-Jerusalem, 1996.- P. 241

12. Polischuk V.P., Boyko A.L., Budzanivsklaya I.G., Boubriak O.A.
Prognosis and an attempt to forecasts the spread of plant luteovirus
diseases in Ukraine. // Int. Conf. “Luteoviruses”, Chirenchester, UK
24-26 March, 1997.- Chilenchester, 1998.-P.27

13. Polishcuk V., Demyanenko F., Budzanivskaya I., Smalius E., Tyvonchuk
T. Identification of plant viruses in different agrocenosis of Ukrane
and creation computer database // International regional seminar
“Environment protection: modern studies in ecology and microbiology”,
Uzhgorod, Ukraine, 1997. – Uzhgorod, 1997.- P. 204-208.

14. Demyanenko F.P., Polischuk V.P., Bydzanivskaya I.G. Creation a
database to handle information on virus spread in Ukraine // Nat. Conf.
Conservation and biodiversity in Ukraine. Kaniv, Ukraine 21-24 October,
1997.- Kaniv, 1997.- P.63-64

15. Polischuk V., Budzanivskaya I., Demyanenko F. Correlation between
phytovirus infection in soils of Ukraine and ecological condition of
agrocenosis//4th International Symposium and Exhibition on Environmental
Contamination in Central and Eastern Europe, Warsaw, Poland, September
15-17, 1998.- Warsaw, 1998.- P. 156-157.

16. Budsanivskaya I., Polischuk V., Smalius E., Tyvonshuk T., Boyko A.
Relationship between between phytovirus availability in soils of
Ukraine and ecological condition of agrocenosis//16 World Congress of
Soil Science, Montpellier, France, August 20-26, 1998.- Montpellier,
1998.- Vol.I.- P. 204.

17. Polischuk V., Budsanivskaya I. and Boyko A. Epidemiology and
monitoring of some plant viruses in Ukraine//VII International Plant
Virus Epidemiolody Symposium, Aguadulce, Spain, April 11-16, 1999.-
Aguadulce, 1999.- P. 126-127.

Aoaecai?anueea ?.A. Aeine?aeaeaiiy oee?eoeyoe?? o?oia??on?a a a?oioao
??cieo ?aa?ii?a Oe?a?ie. -?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa a?ieia?/ieo iaoe
ii niaoe?aeueiino? 03.00.16 – aeieia?y. ?inoeooo aa?iaeieia?? oa
a?ioaoiieia?? OAAI, Ee?a, 1999.

A ?iaio? aeeeaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe aea/aiiy ?iciianthaeaeaiiino? oa
oee?eoeyoe?? ?IE-aaiiiieo o?oia??on?a ??cieo oaeniiii?/ieo a?oi (oaeeo
ye Tobamovirus -AOI; Cucumovirus – AII; Potyvirus -OAE, AIA; Potexvirus
– OAE; Luteovirus – ANIA, AAEEss, Hordeivirus -AOIss) a a?oioao a ??cieo
aeieia?/ieo oiiaao Oe?a?ie oa ioe?ith?oueny iiaeeea?noue aeieeiaiiy
ai?o?oio?e, aeeeeeaieo oeeie a??onaie.

Aia?oa ianoaaeai? a?oioe ??cieo ?aa?ii?a Oe?a?ie ia iayai?noue aioeaai?a
o?oia??on?a oa noai?aia ea?oa ?iciianthaeaeaiino? aioeaai?a o?oia??on?a
??cieo oaeniiii?/ieo a?oi. Iieacaia ia??aiii??i?noue ?iciianthaeaeaiiy
o?oia??on?a a ianoaaeaieo iaeanoyo oa ?? caeaaei?noue a?ae oa?aeoa?enoee
a?oioo oa nooiaith aio?iiiaaiiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy aa?i- oa i?e?iaei?o
oeaiic?a.

Cai?iiiiiaaii noaio a?aeai?o c?ace?a a?oioo aeey aecia/aiiy aioeaai?a
o?oia??on?a, ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaeeeo i?aeaioiaee oa i?iaaaeaiiy
?ioiioa?iaioiiai aiae?co a?oioo. Iieacaii, ui a a?oioao aa?ioeaiic?a
niinoa??aa?oueny eieeaaiiy eiioeaio?aoe?e aioeaai?a a??on?a ?ineei c
?ieo a ??e, yea caeaaeeoue a?ae ?ineei, ui eoeueoeaothoueny.

Noi?ioeueiaai? caaaeuei? caeiiii??iino? aieeao caa?oaeiaiiy ioi/oth/iai
na?aaeiaeua aaaeeeie iaoaeaie ia a??one ?ineei. Oaea ae?y iiaea
i?ecaiaeeoe aei aeieeiaiiy iiaeo ooai?a a??on?a aai ci?ie ?ioaeoe?eiino?
aaea ?nioth/eo.

Aeiaaaeaii, ui ca?eueoaiiy eiioeaio?aoe?? aaaeeeo iaoae?a a a?oio?
i?ecaiaeeoue aei i?aeaeuaiiy eiioai?iaoe?? ?ineei a??onaie, ?icaeoeo
a??onii? ?ioaeoe?? oa, ye iane?aeie, aoi?eiii? eiioai?iaoe?? a?oioo
a??onaie aai ?o aioeaaiaie.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: aioeaaie o?oia??on?a, eiioai?iaoe?y a?oioo, ?ineeii?
caeeoee, iiethoaioe, aaaee? iaoaee, ?iciianthaeaeaii?noue, oee?eoeyoe?y,
aaca aeaiieo.

Aoaecaieaneay E.A. Eco/aiea oee?eoeyoeee oeoiae?onia a a?oioao ?acee/iuo
?aaeiiia Oe?aeiu.- ?oeiienue.

Aeena?oaoeey ia nieneaiea iao/iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa aeieiae/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 03.00.16. – yeieiaey. Einoeooo aa?iyeieiaee e
aeioaoiieiaee OAAI, Eeaa, 1999.

A ?aaioa i?aaenoaaeaiu ?acoeueoaou eco/aiey ?ani?ino?aiaiey e
oee?eoeyoeee ?IE-aaiiiiuo oeoiae?onia ?aciuo oaeniiiie/aneeo a?oii
(oaeeo eae Tobamovirus -AOI; Cucumovirus – AII; Potyvirus -OAE, AIN;
Potexvirus – OAE; Luteovirus – ANIN, AAEEss, Hordeivirus -AOIss) a
a?oioao a ?acee/iuo yeieiae/aneeo oneiaeyo Oe?aeiu e ioeaieaaaony
aiciiaeiinoue aicieeiiaaiey yieoeoioee, aucaaiiuo yoeie ae?onaie.

Aia?aua ianeaaeiaaiu ii/au ?aciuo ?aaeiiia Oe?aeiu ia iaee/ea aioeaaiia
oeoiae?onia e ninoaaeaia ea?oa ?ani?ino?aiaiey aioeaaiia oeoiae?onia
?acee/iuo oaeniiiie/aneeo a?oii. Iieacaia ia?aaiiia?iinoue
?ani?ino?aiaiey oeoiae?onia a ianeaaeiaaiuo iaeanoyo e eo caaeneiinoue
io oa?aeoa?enoee a?oioa e noaiaie aio?iiiaaiiie iaa?ocee aa?i- e
i?e?iaeiuo oeaiicia. Ia i?eiaoa AOI iieacaii, /oi eiioeaio?aoeey
ae?oniuo aioeaaiia a a?oioa caaeneo oaeaea e io naaiiai?ioa a
aa?ioeaiica, a oi aea a?aiy a i?e?iaeiuo oeaiicao yoio o?iaaiue
eiioeaio?aoeee iaoiaeeony ia aieaa-iaiaa iinoiyiiii o?iaia.

I?aaeeiaeaii noaio ioai?a ia?acoeia a?oioa aeey ii?aaeaeaiey aioeaaiia
oeoiae?onia, ?ac?aaioaia iaoiaeeea iiaeaioiaee e i?iaaaeaiey
eioiioa?iaioiiai aiaeeca a?oioa. Iieacaii, /oi a a?oioao aa?ioeaiicia
iaaethaeathony eieaaaiey eiioeaio?aoeee aioeaaiia ae?onia ?anoaiee ec
aiaea a aiae, caaenyuaa io ?anoaiee, eioi?ua eoeueoeae?othony.

Noi?ioee?iaaiu iauea caeiiiia?iinoe aeeyiey caa?yciaiey ie?oaeathuae
n?aaeu oyaeaeuie iaoaeeaie ia ae?onu ?anoaiee. Oaeia aicaeaenoaea iiaeao
i?eaiaeeoue e aicieeiiaaieth iiauo ooaiiia ae?onia eee eciaiaiey
eioaeoeeiiiinoe oaea nouanoaothueo.

Iiethoaiou ec ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu ieacuaatho iaaaoeaiia aeeyiea ia
a?oio, ia eioi?ii ?anooo ?anoaiey (iooai eciaiaiey eeneioiinoe,
eciaiaiey eiioeaio?aoeee eiiia iaoaeeia, eciaiaiea eiioeaio?aoeee
i?aaie/aneeo aauanoa, eciaiaiea aeaaeiinoe e oa?iaioaoeaiie aeoeaiinoe
a?oioa), ia iioiaaiac ?anoaiee, /oi i?eaiaeeo e eciaiaieth eioiiiai
noaoona ?anoaiee, ia i?ioeannu acaeiiaeaenoaey ae?on – ?anoaiea eee
ae?on – ia?aiin/ee, eee iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia ae?oniua /anoeoeu.
Aeieacaii, /oi oaaee/aiea eiioeaio?aoeee oyaeaeuo iaoaeeia a a?oioa
i?eaiaeeo e iiauoaieth eiioaieiaoeee ?anoaiee ae?onaie.

I?iaaaeaia na?ey iiaeaeueiuo yenia?eiaioia ii eco/aieth aeaenoaey
oyaeaeuo iaoaeeia (Cu, Zn, Pb) ia nenoaio ae?on-?anoaiea, eioi?ua
iieacuaatho, /oi caa?yciaiea a?oioa oyaeaeuie iaoaeeaie iiiiaaao
eiioaieiaoeee ae?onaie ?anoaiee ec ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu ca n/ao oaiaoaiey
eo oeceieiae/aneie aeoeaiinoe, ?acaeoeth ae?oniie eioaeoeee, e eae
neaaenoaea, aoi?e/iie eiioaieiaoeee a?oioa ae?onaie eee eo aioeaaiaie.

Nicaeaia eiiiuthoa?iay aaca aeaiiuo eaeaioeoeeaoeee ae?oniuo aioeaaiia a
enneaaeiaaiiuo a?oioao, eioi?ay auiieiyao oaeea ooieoeee eae:
nio?aiaiea, ni?oe?iaaiea e ?aeyoeeiiiia iauaaeeiaiea i?aaeuaeoueo
aeaiiuo; aiaeec ia?ae/iuo e aoi?e/iuo aeaiiuo; ioai? e iiene
iaiaoiaeeiuo aeaiiuo, a oaeaea eiiiiie?iaea iiauo caaeaiiuo ianneaia n
oeaeueth eo aeaeueiaeoaai eniieueciaaiey aeey i?iaiice?iaaiey.

Ieaiiia?iia enneaaeiaaiea aa?ioeaiicia ia i?aaeiao oee?eoeyoeee
oeoiae?onia iicaieeo, n o/aoii aeaiiuo i iiaiaeiuo oneiaeyo, aeieiaee
eoeueoo?iuo ?anoaiee e aicaoaeeoaeae, n aunieie oi/iinoueth
i?iaiice?iaaoue oee?eoeyoeeth aicaoaeeoaeae e aicieeiiaaiea caaieaaaiee
n oeaeueth nieaeaiey yeiiiie/aneiai oua?aa io iioa?ue o?iaeay.
Eiiiuthoa?iay aaca aeaiiuo yaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiui oneiaeai aeey ?aaiou a
aeaiiii iai?aaeaiee e aeieaeia oe?iei aiaae?youeny e eniieueciaaoueny
aeey oeoinaieoa?iie ioeaiee aa?ioeaiicia.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: aioeaaiu oeoiae?onia, eiioaieiaoeey a?oioa,
?anoeoaeueiua inoaoee, iiethoaiou, oyaeaeua iaoaeeu, ?ani?ino?aiaiea,
oee?eoeyoeey, aaca aeaiiuo.

Budzanivska I.G. Studing circulation of fitoviruses in soils different
regions of Ukraine.

Dissertation on the acquiring of Ph.D. scientific degree of biological
sciences on speciality 03.00.16 – ecology. Institute agroecology and
biotechnology UAAS, Kyiv, 1999.

In work were represented the effects of exploration spreading and the
circulation of fitoviruses different taxonomic group (such as
Tobamovirus-TMV; Cucumovirus – CMV; Potyvirus-PVY, BMV; Potexvirus -PVX;
Luteovirus – BMYV, BYDV, Hordeivirus-BSMV) in soil from different
ecologic conditions of Ukraine and was appraised the opportunity of
nascency epifitoties engendered these viruses.

For the first time were inspected soil of the different regions of
Ukraine on availability fitoviral antigens and created card of spreading
fitoviral antigens different taxonomic group. It was shown dissemination
fitoviruses in inspected areas and its dependence from characteristics
soil to and the extent of antropogenous press agro – and biocenosis.

It was offered plan for selection of soil’s examples for definition
fitovirus antigens, developed the method of preparation and conducted
soil immunosorbent analysis (ELISA) . It was shown that in soil’s
agrocenosis is observed the fluctuation of concentration plant viruses
antigen from year to year which depends on plants that are cultivated.

It was formulated general patterns of the ascendant of the environmental
contamination by heavi metals on plan viruses. Such action can result in
nascency fresh strains viruses or variations infection activity
existing.

It was proved that magnification of the concentration of heavi metals in
soils results in increase contamination of plant viruses, the
development of viral infection and, in consequence, secondary
contamination soil viruses or their antigens.

Key word: fitoviral antigens, soil contamination, vegetable
odd-come-shorts, polutants, heavy metals, spreading, circulation,
computer database.

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