OA?NIINUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE AA?A?IEE OI?AA?NEOAO
OAAeI?*OE AAEAIOEIA A?EAI??AIA
OAeE 633.416:631.53
AA?IOAOI?*I? I?EEIIE AE?IUOAAIIss EI?AIAIE?AeIEO EOEUeOO? IA IAN?IIss
AACAENAAeEIAEI NIINIAII A C?IOOAAIEO OIIAAO I?AAeIss OE?A?IE
06.01.02. – iae?i?aoe?y oa c?iooaaia caiea?ianoai
Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoei? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe
Oa?nii – 1998
Aeena?oaoe?y ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia a Oa?niinueeiio aea?aeaaiiio aa?a?iiio oi?aa?neoao?
I?i?noa?noaa AIE Oe?a?ie
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: Ooea?aiei A?eoi? Ieaenaiae?iae/, aeaaeai?e OAAI,
caneoaeaiee ae?y/ iaoee ? oaoi?ee Oe?a?ie, aeieoi?
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe, i?ioani?, ?aeoi? Oa?niinueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai aa?a?iiai oi?aa?neoaoo
Io?oe?eiee iiiiaio – O?e?i’?a ?aai Aeaaeaeiae/, aeaaeai?e OAIII, aeieoi?
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe, i?ioani?, aieiaiee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee
(?inoeooo c?iooaaiiai caiea?ianoaa OAAI), i. Oa?nii.
Io?oe?eiee iiiiaio – Aieaeo?a Aaeaioei ?aaiiae/, eaiaeeaeao
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe, aeioeaio, caa?aeoth/ee eaoaae?ith
?ineeiieoeoaa (Ieeiea?anueeee aea?aeaaiee n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeee
?inoeooo), i. Ieeiea?a
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – ?inoeooo oeoe?iaeo ao?ye?a OAAI, i. Ee?a
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny ” 30 ” a?oaeiy 1998 ?. i 900 aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 47.830.01 a Oa?niinueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio aa?a?iiio oi?aa?neoao?
(325006, i. Oa?nii – 6, aoe. ?. Ethenaiao?a 23, OAeAO, aoaeeoi??y 92)
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Oa?niinueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai aa?a?iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ca aae?anith: 325006, i. Oa?nii – 6,
aoe. ?. Ethenaiao?a 23
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee ” 1 ” a?oaeiy 1998 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii?
a/aii? ?aaee Eaca? I.I.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. No/aniee ??aaiue ei?iiae?iaieoeoaa a Oe?a?i? ia
caaeiaieueiy? iio?aae oaa?eiieoeoaa. Aeao?oeeo nieiaeoeo ei?i?a a
cia/i?e i??? iiaeia ia?ae?eaaoe ei?iiaeie ei?aiaieiaeaie. Iaaeinoaoi?
ieiu? ?o iin?ao coiiaeai? ianoa/ath ian?iiy.
A oiiaao cia/ii? ianoa/? ian?iiy ei?iiaeo ei?aiaieiae?a ia Oe?a?io
ui??/ii caaicyoueny a?ey 2-3 oeny/ oii ian?iiy ia?aeiiiaaieo ni?o?a,
ui a oe?eiio cieaeo? i?iaeoeoeai?noue ei?iiae?iaieoeoaa ? ia aeicaiey?
ianooaaiiai ai?iaaaeaeaiiy i?iieneiaiai ian?iieoeoaa oeeo eoeueoo?.
Aeooaeuei?noue ?iaioe iieyaa? a oiio, ui i?iaaaeai? iaie aeine?aeaeaiiy
aeathoue ciiao ciaeoe iioeiaeuei? oaoiieia?/i? ??oaiiy ? ia oe?e
i?aenoaa? noi?ioethaaoe i?iiiceoe?? uiaei ae?iuoaaiiy ian?iiy ei?iiaiai
ao?yea ? ii?eae aacaenaaeeiaei niiniaii.
Iaoa ? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aea/eoe ian?ii?ao i?iaeoeoeai?noue
aacaenaaeeiaeo iin?a?a ei?iiaeo ao?ye?a ? ii?eae a caeaaeiino? a?ae
niinia?a ia?ia?oeo a?oioo, no?ie?a iin?ao, aeic i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea ?
aeyaeoe aieea oeeo aa?ii?eeii?a ia a?iaeae oa iin?ai? yeino?.
A ca’yceo c oeei iaiao?aeii aoei ae??oeoe oae? caaea/?:
aea/eoe iiaeeea?noue ae?iuoaaiiy ei?aiaie?aeieo eoeueoo? a i?neyaeieaieo
iin?aao c iaoith i?aeaeuaiiy ?aoe?iiaeueiino? aeei?enoaiiy i?ii? caie?;
aecia/eoe iioeiaeuei? no?iee iin?ao aacaenaaeeiaeo ei?iiaeo
ei?aiaieiae?a oa ii?eae, ui caaacia/othoue aeia?a caa?aaeaiiy
ei?aiaieiae?a a ceiiaee ia??iae;
?ic?iaeoe aacaenaaeeiao oaoiieia?th io?eiaiiy aenieeo a?iaea?a ian?iiy
ei?aiaie?aeieo eoeueoo? a c?iooaaieo oiiaao i?aaeiy Oe?a?ie.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Aia?oa a oiiaao c?ioaiiy ia
oaiii-eaooaiiaeo a?oioao i?aaeiy Oe?a?ie anoaiiaeai? iioeiaeuei? no?iee
iin?ao, aeice aeia?ea, niiniae ia?ia?oeo a?oioo, ui ni?eythoue oi?io?e
ia?acei?ae? ei?iiaeo ei?aiaieiae?a oa ii?eae, ? coiiaeththoue aenieo
ian?ii?ao i?iaeoeoeai?noue oa ye?noue.
I?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue ?iaioe. A ?acoeueoao? aeine?aeaeaiue onoaiiaeaii
iioeiaeuei? niin?a ia?ia?oeo a?oioo, no?iee iin?ao, aeice i?ia?aeueieo
aeia?ea, ye? caaacia/othoue iaea?aeaiiy a?iaeath ian?iiy ii?eae oa
ei?iiaeo ao?ye?a i?e ae?iuoaaii? ?o aacaenaaeeiaei niiniaii
Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. Iaoa??aee i?i ?acoeueoaoe i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue
aeeth/aeenue ye neeaaeiaa /anoeia o ??/i? ca?oe ia eaoaae??
iae?i?aoeaiiai ? c?iooaaeueiiai caiea?ianoaa ii iaoeiai-aeine?aei?e
?iaio? (1995-1997??.). Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy ?iaioe aeiiia?aeaeenue ia
eiioa?aioe?? iieiaeeo a/aieo (1997) a n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiio
?inoeooo?.
Aeaeea?aoe?y eiie?aoiiai iniaenoiai aianeo aeena?oaioa. I?iaaaeaiiy
iieueiaeo aeine?ae?a, aiae?c?a oa oai?aoe/i? iaa?oiooaaiiy iaea?aeaieo
aenia?eiaioaeueieo iaoa??ae?a aeeiiaii iniaenoi. Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?ic?iaie
o ae?iaieoeoai cae?enithaaeinue i?ae aaciina?aaei?i ea??aieoeoaii
caeiaoaa/a.
?aae?caoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue. ?ic?iaeai? aeaiaioe oaoiieia??
ae?iuoaaiiy aacaenaaeeiaeo ian?iiee?a ei?iiaeo ao?ye?a oa ii?eae
ai?iaaaeaeai? aeine?aeieeii a ainiiaea?noaao i?aaeiy Oe?a?ie: ian?ii?a?
iin?ae ii?eae ia ieiu? 10 ? 5 aa aoee ai?iaaaeaeai? a AAO “Eaoenueeeo
no??eueoe?a” Oeth?oieinueeiai ?aeiio Oa?niinueei? iaeano? oa ENI
“Aeeieo?iaa” AEiaoiaaiai ?aeiio Ieeiea?anueei? iaeano?, a ian?ii?a?
iin?ae ei?iiaiai ao?yea ia ieiu? 10 aa a ?aaeaini? “?i. ?ee?/a”
Aiinoie?anueeiai ?aeiio Aei?i?iiao?ianueei? iaeano?.
Ioae?eaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe??
aeeeaaeai? a 5 iaoeiaeo noaooyo.
No?oeoo?a oa ianya aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa
aeeth/a? anooi, 6 ?icae?e?a, aeniiaee oa i?iiiceoe?? ae?iaieoeoao,
nienie aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e, aeiaeaoee. Aiia aeeeaaeaia ia 129
noi??ieao iaoeiiieno, i?noeoue 33 oaaeeoeue, 17 iaethie?a, 9 oioia?ao?e,
39 aeiaeaoe?a. Nienie aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e aeeth/a? 209 aeaea?ae
a?o/eciyieo oa 33 ?iicaiieo aaoi??a.
Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy, ui aeiinyoueny ia caoeno. A?ae no?ie?a n?aae
caeaaeeoue aeiaaeeia aaaaoaoe?eiiai ia??iaeo, ui nooo?ai aieeaa? ia
oaiie oi?ioaaiiy ei?aiaai? oa iacaiii? iane ?ineei ? ?o ia?acei?aeth.
E??i oiai, ?ioaineai?noue ?inoiaeo i?ioean?a iaoiiaeth?oueny aeicaie
i?ia?aeueieo aeia??a oa niiniaaie iniiaiiai ia?ia?oeo a?oioo, a oaeiae
noeoii?noth oeeo oaeoi??a, ye? iniaeeai aieeaathoue ia ?icaeoie ?ineei
ia?aae cei?aeath, ?o no?ee?noue aei iani?eyoeeaeo oaeoi??a ciai?oiueiai
na?aaeiaeua ? ian?ii?ao i?iaeoeoeai?noue.
Aeeoa?aioe?thth/e niiniae iniiaiiai ia?ia?oeo a?oioo ? aeice
i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea n?aao aacaenaaeeiaeo ian?iiee?a ei?iiaeo ao?ye?a
ne?ae i?iaiaeeoe a ae?oa?e aeaeaae? na?iiy, a ii?eae – a ia?o?e aeaeaae?
na?iiy.
Aeey oi?ioaaiiy iioeiaeueieo ?ici???a ?ineei ei?iiaiai ao?yea, ye?
noi?ioaaeenue i?e iin?a? a ae?oa?e aeaeaae? na?iiy (aeiaaeeia
ei?aiaieiae?a 15,4-19,8 ni, iana 14,3-18,5 a, ae?aiao? aie?aee
2,5-3,2 ni, e?euee?noue eenoe?a 10,2-13,1 oo.) iaiao?aeii 74-109 aei?a c
noiith aoaeoeaieo oaiia?aoo? 652-848(. Ii?eaa i?e iin?a? a ia?o?e
aeaeaae? na?iiy oi?io? iioeiaeueiee ?ici?? ?ineei (aeiaaeeia
ei?aiaieiae?a 11,8-15,9 ni, iana 10,6-14,3 a, ae?aiao? aie?aee
1,8-2,5 ni, e?euee?noue eenoe?a 8,0-10,8 oo.) ca 81-116 aei?a c noiith
aoaeoeaieo oaiia?aoo? 774-965(. A?eueo ?aii?e no?ie iin?ao ei?iiaiai
ao?yea i?eaiaeeoue aei noiaao??iiy ?ineei, i?ci?o? – aei iaaeinoaoiueiai
iaeiie/aiiy nooeo ?a/iaei ? oeoe??a, ui cieaeo? ceiino?ee?noue ?
oe?e?ni?noue ?ineei.
OIIAE ? IAOIAeEEA I?IAAAeAIIss AeINE?AeAEAIUe
Aeine?aee i?iaiaeeeenue a o/aini? “I?eica?ia” Oa?niinueeiai
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeiai ?inoeoooo (1994-1997 ??.) ia oaiii-eaooaiiaeo
na?aaeiuei-noaeeienoeo neaainieiioethaaoeo a?oioao. Oiaueia aoioniiai
oa?o 45-52 ni. Ai?no aoiono a oa?? a?oioo 0-20 ni – 2,15%. A?oio
i?noeoue iecueeo e?euee?noue i?o?aoiiai acioa ? ?ooiiiai oinoi?o – 2,1,
1,8 ia oa na?aaeith – 28 ia ia 100 a a?oioo eae?th. ?I aiaeyii? aeoyaeee
6,9-7,1. U?euei?noue 0-30 ni oa?o a?oioo neeaaea? 1,25 a/ni3. Iaeiaioa
aieiai?ie?noue 0-100 ni oa?o 21%, a aieia?noue a’yiaiiy – 8,1%.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeeny o a?aeiia?aeiino? ?c caaaeueiii?eeiyoith
iaoiaeeeith i?iaaaeaiiy iieueiaeo aeine?ae?a ? iaoiaee/ieie aeac?aeaie.
Caeeaaeea aeine?ae?a i?iaiaeeeany ii ianooii?e noai?:
I Oaeoi? A – aeice aeia?ea
Eiio?ieue (aac aeia?ea)
N120P120
N240P240
II Oaeoi? A – no?iee iin?ao
ia?oee – ia?oa aeaeaaea na?iiy
ae?oaee – ae?oaa aeaeaaea na?iiy
o?ao?e – o?aoy aeaeaaea na?iiy
/aoaa?oee – ia?oa aeaeaaea aa?aniy
III Oaeoi? N – niin?a ia?ia?oeo a?oioo
I?aiea ia aeeaeio 20-22 ni, ieoa II-5-35
Ieinei??ciee ia?ia?oie ia aeeaeio 20-22 ni, EIA-2-150
Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiue aoee ei?iia? ao?yee ni?oo Iieoaanueea a?ea, a
ii?eae – ni?o Oaioaia. Caeeaaeea o?eoaeoi?iiai aeine?aeo i?iaiaeeeanue
iaoiaeii ?icuaieaieo ae?eyiie. Caaaeueia ieiua ae?eyiie o?aoueiai
ii?yaeeo – 114, iae?eiaa – 50 i2. Iiaoi?i?noue – /ioe?ee?aoia.
Oaiieia?/i? niinoa?aaeaiiy oa iieueia? aeine?aee i?iaiaeeeeny o
a?aeiia?aeiino? c caaaeueiii?eeiyoith Iaoiaeeeith aea?aeaaiiai
ni?oiaei?iaoaaiiy n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eoeueoo? (1971, 1983). I?e
oeueiio aecia/aee u?euei?noue neeaaeaiiy a?oioo ca iaoiaeii
Ea/einueeiai I.A. (1930). Caaaeueio oia?oaao?noue a?oioo aecia/aee
?ic?aooieiaei iaoiaeii.
Aieia?noue a?oioo aecia/aee oa?iinoaoii-aaaiaei niiniaii. Noia?ia
aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy ?ic?aoiaoaaee iaoiaeii aiaeiiai aaeaino c ?ic?aooieii
aeo?aoe a?oioiai? aieiae, c?iooaaeueii? ii?ie ? i?iaeoeoeaieo iiaae?a,
ii oi?ioe?:
E = M + O + (Wn -Wy); (1)
aea A – noia?ia aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy, i3/aa;
I – c?iooaaeueia ii?ia, i3/aa;
I – ei?eni? iiaaee, i3/aa;
Wn – caian aieiae a iao?iaiio oa?? a?oioo ia ii/aoeo aaaaoaoe?eiiai
ia??iaeo, i3/aa;
Wy – caian aieiae a iao?iaiio oa?? a?oioo iai?ee?ioe? aaaaoaoe?eiiai
ia??iaeo, i3/aa.
Aiaeii?iieei?noue a?oioo aecia/aee iaoiaeii iaeeo caeeaieo ieiuaaeie ii
Aeieaiao N.?. (1948).
Iaeiaioa aieiai?ie?noue a?oioo aea/aeany iioa?iai /a?ac 10 ni ia aeeaeio
1 i, iaoiaeii caeeaieo ae?eyiie, iiaoi?i?noue aecia/aiiy o?ee?aoia.
Iaoai?/iee ? aa?aaaoiee neeaae a?oioo aecia/aee ca iaoiaeii
Ea/einueeiai I. A (1930).
No?iee oa ii?ie iieea?a aecia/aee c iae?eii aieiaino? aeoeaiiai oa?o
a?oioo.
O?iaeae ian?iiy ei?iiaiai ao?yea oa ii?eae aecia/aee iaoiaeii
nooe?eueiiai iae?eo i?ney /enoee ian?iiy ? aenoooaaiiy ?o aei 14%
aieiaino? a ao?yea ? 10% o ii?eae.
Iin?ai? yeino? ian?iiy aecia/aee a?aeiia?aeii aei INO-4695-80 ?
AeNOO-2240-93.
Iaoaiaoe/iee ia?ia?oie ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiue i?iaiaeeee iaoiaeii
aeenia?n?eiiai aiae?co. Canoiniaoaaee iaoiaee ei?aeyoe?eiiai ?
?aa?an?eiiai aiae?ca, aeeeaaeai? o iaoiaeeoe? iieueiaiai aeine?aeo
(Aeini?oia A.I., 1979; Ooea?aiei A.I., Ne?eiieeia A.ss., 1988;
Ooea?aiei A.I, Ieioe?i N.ss. oa ?io?, 1998).
Aeiiii?/i? iieacieee aecia/aee iaoiaeii ?ic?aooieo i?e aeei?enoaii?
iaoa??aeo io?eiaiiai a aeine?aeao. Aeo?aoe ?iai/iai /ano ae?aoiaoaaeeny
iaoiaeii o?iiiiao?aaeo. An? ?ic?aooiee aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino?
i?iaiaeeee i?e iaeneiaeueiiio aeei?enoaii? iaoai?caoe??.
A?iaia?aaoe/io ioe?ieo aeine?aeaeoaaieo aa?ioaoi?/ieo i?eeii?a
ae?iuoaaiiy ei?iiaiai ao?yea ? ii?eae i?iaiaeeee a?aeiia?aeii aei
oeiiaeo iaoiaeee (Aaca?ia ?.O., Ae?ie? ?.A., 1983;
Iaaeaaaeianueeee I.E., ?aai/aiei I.?., 1988).
Iin?a ei?aiaieiae?a i?iaiaeeee i?ney iceii? ioaieoe? a eaioe?
c?iooaaeueii? n?aici?ie. I?ney cae?aiiy ioaieoe? a?oio eoueee aeeneiaeie
eoueeueieeaie EAeA-10 a aeaa ne?aee ia aeeaeio 6-8 ni. I?ae iniiaiee
ia?ia?oie a?oioo aiineee a?o/io i?ia?aeuei? aeia?eaa ca?aeii noaie
aeine?aeo a aeicao N120P120 oa N240P240. Iniiaiee ia?ia?oie a?oioo
i?iaiaeeee ieoaii II-5-35 oa ieinei??cii EIA-2-150 ia aeeaeio 20-22 ni c
iaeii/aniei i?eei/oaaiiyi e?eue/anoi-oii?iaeie eioeaie. I?ney iniiaiiai
ia?ia?oeo a?oioo i?iaiaeeee aieiaica?yaeeiaee iieea aeiuoaaeueiith
iaoeiith AeAeA-100IA ii?iith 800i3/aa. Ia?aaeiin?aio eoeueoeaaoe?th
i?iaiaeeee eoeueoeaaoi?ii EIN-4 ia aeeaeio ca?iaee ian?iiy.
N?yee ei?aiaieiaee a ??ci? no?iee, ca?aeii noaie aeine?ae?a n?aaeeith
NI-4.2. Ii?ia iin?ao ei?iiaiai ao?yea – 16, ii?eae – 5 ea/aa, c
aeeaeiith ca?iaee ian?iiy a?aeiia?aeii 6-8 oa 3-4 ni. Oe?eia i?ae?yaeue
– 70 ni. Aei ? i?ney iin?ao a?oio i?eei/oaaee eioeaie CEA2-1.4
A oac? 2-3 ni?aaaei?o eenoe?a aeey cieuaiiy ao?’yi?a canoiniaoaaee
aa?a?oeeae Othc?eaae a aeic? 1-1,5 ea/aa. Ia?aae aoiaeaeaiiyi a ceio
?ineeie i?aeai?oaee ia aenioo 6-8 ni ?icioooaa/aie-i?aeai?oa/aie.
?aii aaniith iin?ae ai?iioaaee a 1-2 ne?aea. A oaco ?icaoee oi?ioaaee
aonoioo ?ineei ei?iiaiai ao?yea o an? ?iee, a ii?eae o?eueee a
ni?eyoeeaeo iiaiaeieo oiiaao 1995 oa 1997 ?ie?a. Aoeaooaaee iin?ae c
oe?eiith aoeaoa 30 ? ae??cii 20 ni. A aoeao? caeeoaee 3 ?ineeie ao?yea
? 5-6 ?ineei ii?eae, ui a?aeiia?aeaei ia iiaiii?i iao?? 10-12 ?ineei
ii?eae (e??i 1996 ?.) oa 6 ?ineei ei?iiaiai ao?yea.
A caeaaeiino? a?ae iiaiaeieo oiia a ia??iae aaniyii-e?oiuei? aaaaoaoe??
ei?aiaieiaee iieeaaee 4-5 ?ac?a aeiuoaaiiyi, ii?iith 400-500 i3/aa.
I?ney eiaeiiai iieeao aaee ?iciooaiiy i?ae?yaeue. Ia?oa ?iciooaiiy
?iaeee a oaco ?icaoee ia aeeaeio 12-14 ni, a iine?aeoth/? – aei cieeaiiy
i?ae?yaeue c ciaioaiiyi aeeaeie aei 7-8 ni. A oaco noaaeoaaiiy aaee
ai?ioueao c oe?aeieeaie 35%-iei Oacaeiiii c ?ic?aooieo 1,5 ea/aa.
Cae?aee ian?iieee eiiaaeiii “Naiii”. Aeii/enoeo ian?iiy ao?yea ? ii?eae
aaee ia ian?iiai/enieo iaoeiao IAI-20A oa IN-4.5A.
Ee?iaoe/i? oiiae o ?iee i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?ae?a a iniiaiiio aoee oeiia?
aeey i?aaeaiiiai Noaio Oe?a?ie, i?ioa a?ae??ciyeeny a?ae na?aaei?o
aaaaoi??/ieo. Iaea?eueo ni?eyoeeaei c oi/ee ci?o caa?aaeaiiy ?ineei o
ceiiaee ia??iae aoee 1994-1995 oa 1996-1997 ?iee. Iani?eyoeeaei aeaeaany
1995-1996 ??e, eiee ia?ao?ae na?aaeiueiaeiaiai? oaiia?aoo?e /a?ac +5(N
ianoaa ia i?nyoeue ?ai?oa, oiaoi 4 eenoiiaaea. ?aii? i?eieiaiiy
in?iiuei? aaaaoaoe??, iecueea oaiia?aoo?a a ceiia? i?nyoe? (na?aaeiy
oaiia?aoo?a ca a?oaeaiue aoea ieae/a aaaaoi??/ii? ia 2,4, ca n?/aiue –
ia 2,9 ? ca ethoee – ia 1,1(N) oa aeeaeia i?iia?caiiy a?oioo a n?/i?
nyaaea 67 ni, a a ethoiio – 79 ni i?ecaaee aei cia/iiai aeiaaeaiiy
?ineei. A oaeeo oiiaao aacaenaaeeia? ian?iieee ei?iiaiai ao?yea caaeioee
iaeaea ia 2/3, a ii?eae ia 4/5 /anoeiao ieiu?.
?ACOEUeOAOE AeINE?AeAEAIUe
Aieea ia?ia?oeo a?oioo a ii?aeiaii? c i?ia?aeueieie aeia?eaaie,
no?ieaie iin?ao ia oiiae ae?iuoaaiiy, caa?aaeaiiy ? i?iaeoeoeai?noue
aacaenaaeeiaeo ian?iiee?a ei?iiaiai ao?yea oa ii?eae
Aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy aeey ?inoo oa ?icaeoeo ?ineei ia? noai?aiiy
ni?eyoeeaeo o?ce/ieo aeanoeainoae a?oioo. Iaie aoee aecia/ai? iieacieee
u?eueiino? a?oioo, ye? ii i?aioe? ia ii/aoeo aaaaoaoe?? ei?iiaiai ao?yea
neeaaeaee a oa?? 0-30 ni 1,26, a ii ieinei??ciiio ia?ia?oeo 1,29 a/ni3.
U?euei?noue a?oioo ia ii/aoeo aaaaoaoe?? ii?eae aoea a?aeiia?aeii 1,24
oa 1,26 a/ni3, a a e?ioe? aaaaoaoe?? – 1,29 oa 1,32 a/ni3.
Oia?oaao?noue a?oioo ia ii/aoeo aaaaoaoe?? ei?iiaiai ao?yea ii i?aioe? a
oa?? 0-30 ni aoea 50,6%, a ii ieinei??ciiio ia?ia?oeo a?oioo – 48,8%; a
e?ioe? aaaaoaoe?? oeae iieaciee noaiiaea a?aeiia?aeii 47,8 oa 42,6%.
Oia?oaao?noue a?oioo ia ii/aoeo aaaaoaoe?? ii?eae aoea a?aeiia?aeii 52,3
oa 51,4%, a a e?ioe? aaaaoaoe?? – 49,8 oa 48,8%.
Ioaea, u?euei?noue iaeiiai oa?o a?oioo ? oia?oaao?noue ia ii/aoeo
aaaaoaoe?? ei?iiaiai ao?yea ? ii?eae aoee iioeiaeueieie aeey oeeo
?ineei.
A?ae no?ie?a n?aae caeaaeeoue o?eaae?noue aaaaoaoe?eiiai ia??iaeo, a
oaeiae aeei?enoaiiy noie aoaeoeaieo oaiia?aoo? aeey in?iiueiai ?inoo ?
?icaeoeo ?ineei ei?aiaie?aeieo eoeueoo?. Oae, a na?aaeiueiio ca o?e
?iee, ?ineeie ei?iiaiai ao?yea i?e ia?oiio no?ioe? iin?ao ca 99 aei?a
in?iiuei? aaaaoaoe?? io?eiaee 904(N aoaeoeaieo oaiia?aoo?, a ?ineeie
ii?eae ca 93 aei? – 842(N. I?e inoaiiueiio, /aoaa?oiio no?ioe? iin?ao
noia aoaeoeaieo oaiia?aoo? ciaioeeanue a?aeiia?aeii ia 467-470(N.
Niiniae ia?ia?oeo a?oioo oa aeia?eaa i?aeoe/ii ia aieeioee ia
o?eaae?noue aaaaoaoe?eiiai ia??iaeo. Aca?iiae?y oaeeo oaeoi??a, ye
no?iee n?aae, niiniae iniiaiiai ia?ia?oeo a?oioo oa aeia?eaa ?noioii
aieeioee ia oi?ioaaiiy ei?aiaai? ? iacaiii? a?iiane ?ineei.
Oae, aeiaaeeia ei?aiaieiae?a ii i?aioe?, a na?aaeiueiio ca 1994-1996
?iee, a caeaaeiino? a?ae no?ie?a iin?ao ci?ithaaeanue a?ae 19,2 aei
9,4 ni ia iaoaeia?aiiio oii?, a ii ieinei??ciiio ia?ia?oeo oeae iieaciee
aoa ieae/ee ia 0,8-1,4 ni. I?ia?aeuei? aeia?eaa a aeic? N120P120 ni?eyee
oi?ioaaiith aeiaoiai ei?aiaieiaeo. A?i aoa aeiaoee ia 1,2-2,9 ni
ii??aiyii c ae?eyieaie aac aeia?ea ii i?aioe? ? ia 0,6-1,1 ni ii
ieinei??ciiio ia?ia?oeo a?oioo. Ca?eueoaiiy aeice i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea
aei N240P240 ia i?eaiaeeei aei nooo?aiai ca?eueoaiiy ei?ai?a ei?iiaiai
ao?yea.
Iana ei?aiaieiaeo ei?iiaiai ao?yea ia ae?eyieao aac aeia?ea ia i?aioe?
ci?ithaaeanue a?ae 17,6 a ia ia?oiio no?ioe? iin?ao aei 8,5 a – i?e
inoaiiueiio, a ii ieinei??ciiio ia?ia?oeo a?ae 16,3 aei7,8.
Ia oii? i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea oeae iieaciee ci?ithaaany a noi?iio
ca?eueoaiiy ia 0,9-4,3 a ii i?aioe? ? ia 1,4-4,0 a ii ieinei??ciiio
ia?ia?oeo.
Ei?iiaee ao?ye ca in?ii?e ia??iae oi?ioaaa ei?aiaie?ae c ae?aiao?ii
aie?aee a?ae 1,2 aei 3,6 ni, eenoe?a a?ae 6,4 aei 14,9 oooe. I?e/iio,
iaea?eueoee ae?aiao? aie?aee, a?eueoa eenoe?a oi?ioaaeinue ia i?aieo ?
oaeia?aieo ae?eyieao. Ia oeeo aea ae?eyieao iaeiie/oaaeinue a?eueoa ?
nooi? ?a/iaeie a ei?aiaieiae?.
Aeine?aeaeoaai? oaeoi?e iaee oaeiae aieea ia ??no ? ?icaeoie ?ineei
ii?eae a in?ii?e ia??iae.
E?aua ?icaeiai? ei?aiaieiaee aoee ia ae?eyieao ia?oiai no?ieo iin?ao. O
aa??aioao c ieinei??ciei ia?ia?oeii a?oioo ii an?o no?ieao iin?ao
aeiaaeeia ei?aiaieiaeo ciaiooaaeanue i?ioe i?aiee ia 0,9 ni, iana
ei?aiaieiaeo ia 0,7-0,8 a, ae?aiao? aie?aee ei?aiaieiaeo ia 0,1-0,2 ni,
e?euee?noue eenoe?a – ia 0,5-0,6 oooe ? ai?no nooi? ?a/iaeie – ia
0,1-0,4%.
Aianaiiy i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea ni?eyee e?auiio ?icaeoeo ?ineei ii?eae.
Oae, i?e aianaii? N120P120 ii i?aioe? aeiaaeeia ei?aiaieiaeo a
ii??aiyii? c iaoaeia?aieie aa??aioaie ca?eueooaaeanue a?ae no?ie?a
iin?ao ia 1,0-1,8 ni, a i?e aianaii? N240P240 – ia 2,9-3,2 ni, iana
ei?aiaieiae?a ca?eueooaaeanue a?aeiia?aeii – ia 1,7-1,3 oa 2,1-2,9 a,
ae?aiao? aie?aee ei?aiaieiaeo – ia 0,2-0,3 oa 0,3-0,5 ni, e?euee?noue
eenoe?a – ia 0,7-1,3 oa 2,0-2,2 oooe, a ai?no nooi? ?a/iaeie a
ei?aiaieiae? – ia 0,6-0,8 oa 1,3-1,5%.
Oaea ae i?eaeecii caeiiii??i?noue ii aieeao aeia?ea ia nooi?iue ?icaeoeo
?ineei ii?eae ia?aae cei?aeath a?aei?/aia ? ii ieinei??ciiio ia?ia?oeo
a?oioo.
Caa?aaeai?noue ceioth/eo ?ineei caeaaeeoue ye a?ae no?ie?a iin?ao, ui
aieeioee ia oi?ioaaiiy ?ineei c ??cieie ii?oia?ieia?/ieie i?eciaeaie,
oae ? a?ae iaoai?ieia?/ieo oiia, ui neeaeeny a ia??iae aaaaoaoe??
?ineei.
Iaee?aua caa?aaeenue ?ineeie ei?iiaiai ao?yea, ye? aoee iin?yi? a
ae?oa?e aeaeaae? na?iiy ia ci?aieo ae?eyieao i?e aianaii? i?ia?aeueieo
aeia?ea a aeic? N240P240. Ia oeueiio aa??aio? caa?aaeai?noue ?ineei, a
na?aaeiueiio ca o?e ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue, neeaea 74%. sse ?ai?, oae ?
i?ci? no?iee iin?ao, a oaeiae ieinei??ciee ia?ia?oie a?oioo oa ciaioaiiy
aeice aeia?ea – cieaeoaaei i?ioeaio caa?aaeaiino? ?ineei ia 6-20%.
Ian?iieee aacaenaaeeiai? ii?eae e?aua caa?aaeenue i?e iin?a? a ia?o?e
aeaeaae? na?iiy ia oaeia?aieo ? ci?aieo ae?eyieao. Ooo caa?aaeai?noue
neeaea 59,6%. I?ci?o? no?iee iin?ao ii?eae ??cei cieaeoaaee i?ioeaio
caa?aaeaiiy ?ineei. Cieaeoaaeanue caa?aaeai?noue ?ineei ia iaoaeia?aieo
oa ia?iaeaieo ieinei??cii ae?eyieao. Iaea??oa caa?aaeenue ?ineeie
ei?aiaieiae?a ao?yea oa ii?eae i?ney ii?icii? ceie 1995-1996 ?ieo.
Iecueea oaiia?aoo?a oeueiai ia??iaeo i?e iaaaeeeiio ni?aiaiio iie?ea? ?
cia/iiio i?iia?caii? a?oioo cieaeaea caa?aaeai?noue ei?iiaeo ao?ye?a aei
29-46%, a ii?eae aei 1,5-23,4%, i?ioe 92 oa 80%, a?aeiia?aeii, o
ni?eyoeeaiio 1997 ?ioe?. Oea aiai?eoue i?i oa, ui ?ineeie ii?eae a?eueo
/ooeea? ia cieaeaiiy oaiia?aoo?e a ceiiaee ia??iae i?ae ei?iia? ao?yee
(oaae. 1).
A na?aaeiueiio ca ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue, i?aeoaci? ia??iaee ?inoo ?
?icaeoeo ?ineei ye ei?iiaiai ao?yea, oae ? ii?eae a aaniyii-e?oi?e
ia??iae a?ae no?ie?a iin?ao iaeaea ia a?ae??ciyeenue. ??cieoey
i?ioiaeaeaiiy i?aeoacieo ia??iae?a a 1-3 aei? a?aei?/ai? eeoa a?ae
niinia?a ia?ia?oeo a?oioo oa aeic aeia?ea. Aianaiiy aeia?ea
i?iaeiaaeoaaei aaaaoaoe?eiee ia??iae ia 2-5 aei?a, a ieinei??ciee
ia?ia?oie nei?i/oaaa eiai ia 2-3 aei?.
Oaaeeoey 1 – Caa?aaeai?noue aacaenaaeeiaeo ei?aiaie?aeieo eoeueoo? a
caeaaeiino? a?ae aeic aeia?ea, no?ie?a iin?ao oa niinia?a ia?ia?oeo
a?oioo, %
Na?aaei? ca 1995-1997 ??.
Oii No?ie iin?ao Caa?aaeai?noue, %
aeeaeaiiy
Ei?iiaee ao?ye Ii?eaa
I?aiea ia aeeaeio 20-22 ni
Aac aeia?ea Ia?oa aeaeaaea na?iiy 61,0 55,4
Ae?oaa aeaeaaea na?iiy 68,0 49,7
O?aoy aeaeaaea na?iiy 64,0 38,8
Ia?oa aeaeaaea aa?aniy 52,0 22,4
N120P120 Ia?oa aeaeaaea na?iiy 63,0 56,9
Ae?oaa aeaeaaea na?iiy 71,0 52,7
O?aoy aeaeaaea na?iiy 65,0 40,5
Ia?oa aeaeaaea aa?aniy 56,0 25,5
N240P240 Ia?oa aeaeaaea na?iiy 65,0 59,6
Ae?oaa aeaeaaea na?iiy 74,0 55,0
O?aoy aeaeaaea na?iiy 69,0 42,7
Ia?oa aeaeaaea aa?aniy 57,0 28,8
Ieinei??ciee ia?ia?oie ia aeeaeio 20-22 ni
Aac aeia?ea Ia?oa aeaeaaea na?iiy 58,0 52,9
Ae?oaa aeaeaaea na?iiy 66,0 49,2
O?aoy aeaeaaea na?iiy 62,0 37,2
Ia?oa aeaeaaea aa?aniy 51,0 19,7
N120P120 Ia?oa aeaeaaea na?iiy 59,0 55,5
Ae?oaa aeaeaaea na?iiy 68,0 52,3
O?aoy aeaeaaea na?iiy 63,0 40,9
Ia?oa aeaeaaea aa?aniy 53,0 25,2
N240P240 Ia?oa aeaeaaea na?iiy 61,0 56,0
Ae?oaa aeaeaaea na?iiy 72,0 52,7
O?aoy aeaeaaea na?iiy 65,0 42,5
Ia?oa aeaeaaea aa?aniy 55,0 27,0
Aieiaicaaacia/aii?noue ? aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy aacaenaaeeiaeo
ian?iiee?a ei?iiaiai ao?yea oa ii?eae
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue iieacaee, ui, a na?aaeiueiio ca ?iee
niinoa?aaeaiue, iaea?eueoa noia?ia aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy ia iin?aao
ian?iiee?a ei?iiaiai ao?yea a?aei?/aeinue ia ae?eyieao, aea eiai n?yee a
ia?o?e aeaeaae? na?iiy ii ieinei??ciiio ia?ia?oeo a?oioo ? aianaii?
N120P120 oa N240P240 ? neeaaeaee 7336-7371 i3/aa. I?aiea ciaiooaaea
aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy iacaeaaeii a?ae no?ie?a iin?ao ? aianaiiy aeia?ea ia
100-149 i3/aa. Oea na?ae/eoue i?i a?eueo aeiiiii? aeo?aoe aieiae
?ineeiaie ao?yea ia ci?aieo ae?eyieao.
Aeia?eaa, ye ii i?aioe?, oae ? ii ieinei??ciiio ia?ia?oeo, i?aeaeuoaaee
aeo?aoe aiaee ia 17-76 i3/aa.
Ca ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue ia /anoeo a?oioiai? aieiae i?eoiaeeeinue
26,2-29,4%, aoiinoa?ieo iiaae?a 53,1-56,8, a iieeaio ii?io – 16,4-18,1%.
Iaea?eueo ?aoe?iiaeuei? aeo?aoe aiaee ian?iieeaie ei?iiaiai ao?yea
a?aei?/aii i?e eiiieaeni?e ae?? oaeoi??a. Eiao?oe??io aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy
i?e i?aioe? ia aeeaeio 20-22 ni, iin?a? a ae?oa?e aeaeaae? na?iiy ?
aianaii? aeia?ea a aeic? N240P240 aoa iaeiaioei ? neeaaeaa, a
na?aaeiueiio ca 1995-1997 ?iee – 894 i3/oe.
Ia iin?aao aacaenaaeeiai? ii?eae iaea?eueoa noia?ia aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy a
oe? ?iee aoei a aa??aioao, aea n?yee ii?eao a ia?o?e aeaeaae? na?iiy ii
ieinei??ciiio ia?ia?oeo a?oioo oa aianaii? aeia?ea a aeic? N240P240 ?
neeaaeaei 7617 i3/aa. Noia?ia aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy cieaeoaaeinue i?e i?aioe?
ia 113-132 i3/aa i?ioe ieinei??ciiai ia?ia?oeo, a i?e aianaii? aeia?ea
ca?eueooaaeinue ia 31-97 i3/aa. Iacaeaaeii a?ae niinia?a ia?ia?oeo
a?oioo oa aianaiiy aeia?ea – noia?ia aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy ciaiooaaeinue a?ae
ia?oiai aei inoaiiueiai no?ieo n?aae ia 110-520 i3/aa. Eiao?oe??io
aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy ii?eae aoa iaeiaioei i?e iin?a? a ia?o?e aeaeaae?
na?iiy ia ci?aieo ae?eyieao c aianaiiyi aeia?ea ? neeaaeaa 1934-1787
i3/aa.
Aieea niinia?a ia?ia?oeo a?oioo, no?ie?a iin?ao ? aeic i?ia?aeueieo
aeia?ea ia o?iaeae, eiai no?oeoo?o ? ye?noue aacaenaaeeiaeo
ian?iiee?a ei?iiaiai ao?yea ? ii?eae
A ?acoeueoao? o?e??/ieo aeine?ae?a anoaiiaeaii, ui iaea?eueoa
e?euee?noue iaaii?a ian?iiee?a ei?iiaiai ao?yea oi?ioaaeanue i?e
ae?oaiio no?ioe? iin?ao ? nyaaea a?ae 172 ia iaoaeia?aiiio aei 282 oooe
ia oaeia?aiiio oii?, i?e oeueiio ia /anoeo ea?oeiiinieo iaaii?a ae?oaiai
ii?yaeeo i?eoiaeeeinue a?eueoa iieiaeie. Ia ci?aieo ae?eyieao caaaeueia
e?euee?noue iaaii?a aoea a?eueoa, i?ae ia ae?eyieao c ieinei??ciei
ia?ia?oeii a?oioo.
O ?ineei ii?eae e??i oeaio?aeueiiai, oi?ioaaeenue ciioeee ia?oiai ?
ae?oaiai ii?yaeeo. Ia ia?oiio no?ioe? iin?ao ?o aoei noi?iiaaii a
caeaaeiino? a?ae niinia?a ia?ia?oeo a?oioo ? aeic aeia?ea iaea?eueoa –
a?ae 13 aei 40 oooe.
Iiaiaei? oiiae ca ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue a cia/i?e i??? aieeaaee ia o?iaeae
ian?iiy ei?aiaie?aeieo eoeueoo?. A a?eueo ni?eyoeea? ca iiaiaeieo oiia
1995 oa 1997 ?iee o?iaeae ian?iiy ei?iiaiai ao?yea iaea?aeoaaee a?ae 3,8
aei 18 oe/aa, a a iani?eyoeeaiio a?ae 0,3 aei 3,7 oe/aa a caeaaeiino?
a?ae oaeoi??a, ui aea/aeenue (oaae. 2). A na?aaeiueiio ca ?iee
aeine?aeaeaiue (1995-1997 ??.), o?iaeae ian?iiy aacaenaaeeiaiai
ei?iiaiai ao?yea iaea?aeaee ii 11,9 oe/aa i?e ae?iuoaaii? eiai ii
i?aioe? c aianaiiyi N120P120 ? iin?a? a ae?oa?e aeaeaae? na?iiy. A
na?aaeiueiio ca ?iee ni?eyoeeaeo oiia, aeacaiee aa??aio aeicaieea
io?eiaoe o?iaeaei?noue 16,1 oe/aa.
Oaaeeoey 2 – O?iaeae ian?iiy aacaenaaeeiaiai ei?iiaiai ao?yea a
caeaaeiino? a?ae ia?ia?oeo a?oioo, aeic aeia?ea ? no?ie?a iin?ao, oe/aa
Oii aeeaeaiiy No?ie iin?ao ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue Na?aaei? ca
1995 1996 1997 1995,1997??. 1995-1997 ??.
I?aiea ia aeeaeio 20-22 ni
Aac aeia?ea 1 aeaeaaea na?iiy 8,2 0,5 11,1 9,7 6,8
2 aeaeaaea na?iiy 10,7 1,3 14,2 12,5 8,7
3 aeaeaaea na?iiy 9,3 0,8 12,4 10,9 7,5
1 aeaeaaea aa?aniy 4,2 0,4 7,0 5,6 3,8
N120P120 1 aeaeaaea na?iiy 11,5 1,3 14,7 13,1 9,2
2 aeaeaaea na?iiy 14,4 3,6 17,7 16,1 11,9
3 aeaeaaea na?iiy 12,3 2,4 15,6 14,0 10,1
1 aeaeaaea aa?aniy 5,7 1,0 8,6 7,2 5,1
N240P240 1 aeaeaaea na?iiy 12,9 1,7 14,9 13,9 9,8
2 aeaeaaea na?iiy 14,6 3,7 18,0 16,3 12,1
3 aeaeaaea na?iiy 13,4 2,8 16,0 14,7 10,7
1 aeaeaaea aa?aniy 7,2 1,4 9,0 8,1 5,8
Ieinei??ciee ia?ia?oie ia aeeaeio 20-22 ni
Aac aeia?ea 1 aeaeaaea na?iiy 7,4 0,4 10,8 9,1 6,2
2 aeaeaaea na?iiy 9,7 1,1 13,2 11,5 8,0
3 aeaeaaea na?iiy 8,9 0,6 11,1 10,0 6,8
1 aeaeaaea aa?aniy 3,8 0,3 6,2 5,0 3,4
N120P120 1 aeaeaaea na?iiy 11,2 1,2 14,2 12,7 8,8
2 aeaeaaea na?iiy 13,4 2,9 16,9 15,2 11,1
3 aeaeaaea na?iiy 12,0 2,3 14,8 13,4 9,7
1 aeaeaaea aa?aniy 4,7 0,9 8,0 6,4 4,5
N240P240 1 aeaeaaea na?iiy 11,8 1,6 14,6 13,2 9,3
2 aeaeaaea na?iiy 14,1 3,0 17,2 15,7 11,4
3 aeaeaaea na?iiy 12,2 2,5 15,4 13,8 10,0
1 aeaeaaea aa?aniy 4,9 1,1 8,6 6,8 4,9
IN?05, oe/aa
A – oii aeeaeaiiy
0,7 0,5 1,1
A – no?ie iin?ao
0,8 0,6 1,0
N – niin?a ia?ia?oeo a?oioo
0,6 0,4 0,8
Aca?iiae?y AB
1,5 1,0 1,8
Aca?iiae?y AC
1,0 0,7 1,1
Aca?iiae?y BC
1,2 0,8 1,4
Aca?iiae?y ABC
1,8 1,4 2,2
Aianaiiy iiaea?eii? aeice i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea ?noioii ia i?aeaeuoaaei
oeueiai iieacieea. Iin?a ao?yea a a?eueo ?aii? /e i?ci?o? no?iee, i?e
canoinoaaii? ieinei??ciiai ia?ia?oeo a?oioo cieaeoaaei o?iaeae ian?iiy
ei?iiaiai ao?yea. O?iaeae ian?iiy aacaenaaeeiai? ii?eae a ni?eyoeea? ca
iiaiaeieo oiia ?iee iaea?aeoaaee a?ae iaeiiai aei 7,4 oe/aa, a a
iani?eyoeeaiio 1996 ?ioe? – a?ae 0,2 aei 2,5 oe/aa (oaae. 3).
Oaaeeoey 3 – O?iaeae ian?iiy aacaenaaeeiai? ii?eae a caeaaeiino? a?ae
ia?ia?oeo a?oioo, aeic aeia?ea ? no?ie?a iin?ao, oe/aa
Oii aeeaeaiiy No?ie iin?ao ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue Na?aaei? ca
1995 1996 1997 1995, 1997 ??. 1995-1997 ??.
I?aiea ia aeeaeio 20-22 ni
Aac aeia?ea 1 aeaeaaea na?iiy 3,4 1,2 4,8 4,1 3,1
2 aeaeaaea na?iiy 2,7 0,8 3,6 3,2 2,4
3 aeaeaaea na?iiy 1,9 0,5 2,1 2,0 1,5
1 aeaeaaea aa?aniy 1,0 0,2 1,8 1,4 1,0
N120P120 1 aeaeaaea na?iiy 4,5 2,3 6,7 5,6 4,5
2 aeaeaaea na?iiy 3,8 1,9 5,0 4,4 3,6
3 aeaeaaea na?iiy 2,7 1,3 3,2 3,0 2,4
1 aeaeaaea aa?aniy 1,4 0,6 2,2 1,8 1,4
N240P240 1 aeaeaaea na?iiy 4,8 2,5 7,4 6,1 4,9
2 aeaeaaea na?iiy 4,3 2,1 6,1 5,2 4,2
3 aeaeaaea na?iiy 3,5 1,5 4,0 3,8 3,0
1 aeaeaaea aa?aniy 1,7 1,2 2,5 2,1 1,8
Ieinei??ciee ia?ia?oie ia aeeaeio 20-22 ni
Aac aeia?ea 1 aeaeaaea na?iiy 3,1 0,9 4,3 3,7 2,8
2 aeaeaaea na?iiy 2,5 0,6 3,1 2,8 2,1
3 aeaeaaea na?iiy 1,5 0,4 1,7 1,6 1,2
1 aeaeaaea aa?aniy 0,8 0,2 1,4 1,1 0,8
N120P120 1 aeaeaaea na?iiy 4,0 1,8 6,1 5,1 4,0
2 aeaeaaea na?iiy 3,1 1,5 4,7 3,9 3,1
3 aeaeaaea na?iiy 2,4 1,1 2,8 2,6 2,1
1 aeaeaaea aa?aniy 1,2 0,4 2,0 1,6 1,2
N240P240 1 aeaeaaea na?iiy 4,4 2,2 7,2 5,8 4,6
2 aeaeaaea na?iiy 3,6 1,9 5,7 4,7 3,7
3 aeaeaaea na?iiy 3,0 1,3 3,2 3,1 2,5
1 aeaeaaea aa?aniy 1,5 0,8 2,3 1,9 1,5
IN?05, oe/aa
A – oii aeeaeaiiy
0,5 0,3 0,7
A – no?ie iin?ao
0,6 0,4 0,8
N – niin?a ia?ia?oeo a?oioo
0,4 0,3 0,5
Aca?iiae?y AB
1,0 0,7 1,5
Aca?iiae?y AC
0,7 0,5 1,1
Aca?iiae?y BC
0,8 0,6 1,2
Aca?iiae?y ABC
1,5 1,0 2,0
A na?aaeiueiio ca ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue, iniiaieie oaeoi?aie, ui aieeaaee
ia aaee/eio o?iaeath ian?iiy ii?eae aoee iiaiaei? oiiae oa no?iee
iin?ao, aeieueiaa /anoea yeeo neeaaeaea, a?aeiia?aeii 41,5 oa 35,4%.
Iaea?eueo aeiiii?/ii aea?aeiee o?iaeae ian?iiy ii?eae, a na?aaeiueiio ca
1995-1997 ?iee, neeaa 4,5 oe/aa i?e iin?a? a ia?o?e aeaeaae? na?iiy ?
aianaii? N120P120, a, a na?aaeiueiio ca ni?eyoeea? ii iiaiaeiei oiiaai
1995 ? 1997 ?iee – 5,6 oe/aa.
Ii an?o aa??aioao aeine?ae?a iaea?aeoaaee ian?iiy ei?iiaiai ao?yea c
aeia?eie iin?aieie iieacieeaie yeino?. Oae, a na?aaeiueiio ca 1995-1997
?iee, noiae?noue ian?iiy a?ae oaeoi??a, ui aea/aeeny, eieeaaeanue a?ae
78 aei 84%, aia?a?y i?i?inoaiiy a?ae 74 aei 81%, a iana 1000 ian?iei –
a?ae 10,3 aei 14,8 a?ai.
Aacaenaaeeiaee ei?iiaee ao?ye, a na?aaeiueiio ca 1995-1997 ?iee,
oi?ioaaa a?ae 70 aei 84% ian?iiy ae?aiao?ii 3,5-5,5 ii, ui na?ae/eoue
i?i iiaeeea?noue iaea?aeaiiy ae??aiyiiai iin?aiiai iaoa??aeo.
Ia?oieeania ian?iiy ii?eae ii noiaeino? >70% iaea?aeaee a on? ?iee
aeine?aeaeaiue ia ae?eyieao, aea n?yee a ia?o? aeaa no?iee, ye ii
i?aioe?, oae ? ii ieinei??ciiio ia?ia?oeo a?oioo i?e aianaii? N120P120,
? ia o?aoueiio no?ioe? i?e aianaii? N240P240; a ia iaoaeia?aieo
ae?eyieao a 1995 ?ioe? – eeoa ii i?aioe? ? ia?oiai no?ieo iin?ao; a 1996
?ioe? – a ia?o? aeaa no?iee iin?ao, a a 1997 ?ioe? ia iaea?aeaee
ia?oieeaniiai ian?iiy ia aeiaeiiio iaoaeia?aiiio aa??aio?.
Iaea?eueoo iano 1000 ian?iei oi?ioaaee ?ineeie ii?eae ia ae?eyieao
ia?oiai no?ieo iin?ao ii i?aioe? ? aianaii? aeia?ea. Ooo aiia, a
na?aaeiueiio ca 1995-1997 ?iee, neeaaeaea 1,44-1,49 a?ai.
I?ia?aioaaiiy o?iaeath ? aeiiii?ei-a?iaia?aaoe/ia ioe?iea aa?ioaoi?/ieo
i?eeii?a ae?iuoaaiiy ian?iiy ei?aiaieiae?a i?e aacaenaaeeia?e
oaoiieia??.
Iiaoaeiaa iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae? caeaaeiino? o?iaeaeiino? aacaenaaeeiaeo
ei?aiaieiae?a ei?iiaiai ao?yea ? ii?eae a?ae aeine?aeaeoaaieo oaeoi??a
aoea i?iaaaeaia iaoiaeii ?aa?an?eiiai aiae?co. ?ic?aoiaai? aaee/eie
iiiaeeiieo eiao?oe??io?a ei?aeyoe?? aeacothoue ia o?niee ca’ycie
o?iaea?a a?ae aeine?aeaeoaaieo oaeoi??a.
?ic?aooiee aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? aa?ioaoi?/ieo i?eeii?a ae?iuoaaiiy
ian?iiy aacaenaaeeiaiai ei?iiaiai ao?yea iieacaee, ui aeiiii?/ii
aea?aeii ae?iuoaaoe ian?iiy ao?yea ye ii i?aioe?, oae ? ii ieinei??ciiio
ia?ia?oeo a?oioo, ye i?e aianaii? i?ia?aeueieo aeia?ea a aeicao N120P120
oa N240P240, oae ? aac ieo , aea o?eueee i?e iin?a? ?o a na?iiaa?
no?iee. Iaea?eueo aeioe?eueii a aeiiii?/iiio a?aeiioaii? ae?iuoaaoe
ian?iiy ei?iiaiai ao?yea ii i?aioe? c aianaiiyi aeia?ea N120P120 ? i?e
iin?a? a ae?oa?e aeaeaae? na?iiy. Ii oeueiio aa??aioo iaea?aeaii
iaea?eueoee /enoee i?eaooie, yeee neeaa 1484 a?eai? c 1 aa, i?e
iaeiaio?e nia?aa?oino? iaeiiai oeaioia?a ian?iiy – 165,8 a?eaai ?
iaeaeu?e ?aioaaaeueiino? – 75,4%.
Iao? aeine?aeaeaiiy ii ae?iuoaaiith aacaenaaeeiaeo ian?iiee?a ii?eae
iieacaee, ui aeiiii?/ii aea?aeii ae?iuoaaoe ian?iieee oiae?, eiee
iaea?aeothoue o?iaeae ia iaioa 2,4 oe/aa ian?iiy aac aianaiiy aeia?ea ?
ia iaioa 3,0-3,5 oe/aa i?e aianaii? N120P120.
A na?aaeiueiio ca ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue, a?eueo? /enoee i?eaooie ?
?aioaaaeuei?noue iaea?aeoaaee i?e ia?oiio no?ioe? iin?ao aacaenaaeeiai?
ii?eae ii i?aioe? c aianaiiyi aeia?ea aeicith N120P120, ye? neeaee,
a?aeiia?aeii, 974 a?eai? c 1 aa ? 49,9%. Nia?aa?o?noue iaeiiai oeaioia?a
ian?iiy ooo neeaea 434,0 a?eaai.
Ia ae?eyieao o?aoueiai ? /aoaa?oiai no?ie?a iin?ao, ye c aianaiiyi
aeia?ea, oae ? aac ieo iaea?aeoaaee caeoee.
Aiae?c ?ic?aooie?a a?iaia?aaoe/ii? aoaeoeaiino? oaeoi??a, ui aea/aeeny
iieacaa ui iaea?eueo?e i?e??no aia?a??, a na?aaeiueiio ca ?iee
aeine?aeaeaiue aoa ia ci?aieo ae?eyieao ? oaeia?aieo i?ia?aeueieie
aeia?eaaie a aeic? N120P120 i?e iin?a? ian?iiee?a ei?iiaiai ao?yea a
ae?oa?e aeaeaae? na?iiy, a ian?iiee?a ii?eae – a ia?o?e aeaeaae? na?iiy
? neeaaeaa, a?aeiia?aeii, 63,36 oa 46,44 oen. IAeae/aa.
Iaeiaioa aia?ai?ii?noue (2,72 oen. IAeae) iaeiiai oeaioia?a ian?iiy
ei?iiaiai ao?yea aoea a aa??aio? i?aiee aac aianaiiy aeia?ea i?e
ae?oaiio no?ioe? iin?ao; i?e aianaii? N120P120 aiia ca?eueooaaeanue ia
0,56, a i?e aianaii? N240P240 – ia 1,53 IAeae.
Iaeiaioa aia?ai?ii?noue iaeiiai oeaioia?a ian?iiy ii?eae aoea ia
ae?eyieao ia?oiai no?ieo iin?ao ii i?aioe? aac aianaiiy aeia?ea ?
neeaaeaea 6,79 oen. IAeae, a i?e aianaii? aeia?ea, a?aeiia?aeii, – 7,99
oa 9,99 oen. IAeae.
A E N I I A E E
Aa?iee?iaoe/i? oiiae i?aaeaiiiai noaio Oe?a?ie aeicaieythoue
iaea?aeoaaoe, i?e c?ioai?, ian?iiy aacaenaaeeiaeo ei?aiaieiae?a
ei?iiaiai ao?yea ? ii?eae ca ?aooiie ?aoe?iiaeueiiai ia?ia?oeo a?oioo,
iioeiaeueieo no?ie?a iin?ao ? i?ia?aeueiiai aeeaeaiiy ?ineei.
sse i?aiea, oae ? ieinei??ciee ia?ia?oie a?oioo a ia??iae aaaaoaoe??
ei?aiaie?aeieo eoeueoo? caaacia/othoue iioeiaeueio u?euei?noue
neeaaeaiiy, caaeia?eueio oia?oaao?noue ? oi?ioo aiaeii?iieei?noue.
Noai ?ineei ei?iiaiai ao?yea ? ii?eae ia?aae cei?aeath iaoiiaeai?, a
ia?oo /a?ao, o?eaae?noth ia??iaeo in?iiuei? aaaaoaoe??. O na?aaeiueiio
ca ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue, ?ineeie ei?iiaiai ao?yea i?e iin?a? a ia?oo
aeaeaaeo na?iiy aaaaooaaee 99 aei?a ? iaea?aeaee 904(N aoaeoeaieo
oaiia?aoo?, a ?ineeie ii?eae ca 93 aeiy – 842(N. I?e iin?a? a ia?oo
aeaeaaeo aa?aniy noia aoaeoeaieo oaiia?aoo? aeey iin?a?a ei?iiaiai
ao?yea neeaea – 437, a ii?eae – 372(N.
?ineeie ei?iiaiai ao?yea ca in?ii?e ia??iae oi?ioaaee 10-13 eenoe?a,
ei?aiaie?ae ianith 15-16 a ?c ae?aiao?ii aie?aee 2,5-3,6 ni, ai?no nooeo
?a/iaei o iueiio 7-9%, ui caaacia/o? caa?aaeai?noue ?ineei ia ??ai?
68-74%, i?e iin?a? a ae?oa?e aeaeaae? na?iiy. I?e/iio, aeua oe?
iieacieee aoee o aa??aioao i?aiee ia oaeia?aieo oiiao. A?eueo ?aii?e
no?ie iin?ao i?eaiaeeoue aei noiaao??iiy ?ineei, a?eueo i?ci? – aei
iaaeinoaoiueiai iaeiie/aiiy nooeo ?a/iaei ? oeoe??a, ui cieaeo?
ceiino?ee?noue ? caa?aaeaiiy ?ineei.
Iaee?aua caa?aaeaiiy ?ineei caaacia/eee iin?ae ii?eae a ia?o?e aeaeaae?
na?iiy, i?e oi?ioaaii? ei?aiaieiaeo ianith 12-14 a, c ae?aiao?ii aie?aee
1,8-2,5 ni ? ai?noii 5,5-6,8% nooeo ?a/iaei. ?ineeie ii?eae a?eueo
/ooeea? ia cieaeaiiy oaiia?aoo?e a ceiiaee ia??iae, i?ae ei?iia? ao?yee.
Iaea?eueo ?aoe?iiaeueia aeo?aoa aiaee ia oi?ioaaiiy a?iaeath ei?iiaei
ao?yeii a?aecia/aia i?e ii?aeiaii? i?aiee ia aeeaeio 20-22ni c iin?aii o
ae?oa?e aeaeaae? na?iiy ? aianaiiyi aeia?ea o aeic? N240?240.
Eiao?oe??io aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy eoeueoo?e a cacia/aiiio aa??aio? neeaa, o
na?aaeiueiio, 894 i3/oe. Eiao?oe??io aiaeiniiaeeaaiiy ii?eae i?e
iioeiaeueiiio no?ioe? iin?ao ii i?aioe? ia oii? N120?120 neeaaeaa 1934,
a ia oii? N240?240 – 1787 i3/oe.
E?euee?noue ea?oeiaeo iaaii?a ei?iiaiai ao?yea oi?ioaaeiny a?ae 172 oooe
ia iaoaeia?aiiio aei 282 oooe ia oaeia?aiiio oii?, i?e oeueiio a?eueoa
?o aoei a aa??aioao i?aiee. O ?ineei ii?eae a?eueoa ciioee?a (a?ae 13
aei 40 oooe), o caeaaeiino? a?ae niiniao ia?ia?oeo a?oioo ? aeia?ea,
oi?ioaaeiny i?e iioeiaeueiiio no?ioe? iin?ao.
O na?aaeiueiio ca o?e ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue (1995-1997), a?iaeae ian?iiy
aacaenaaeeiaiai ei?iiaiai ao?yea io?eiaii 11,9 oe/aa i?e ae?iuoaaii?
eiai ii i?aioe? c aianaiiyi N120?120 ? iin?a? a ae?oa?e aeaeaae? na?iiy.
Canoinoaaiiy iiaeai?ii? aeice aeia?ea N240?240 nooo?ai ia aieeaaei ia
ian?ii?ao i?iaeoeoeai?noue. Iin?a ao?yea a ?io?, ?aii? aai i?ci?
no?iee, a oaeiae canoinoaaiiy ieinei??ciiai ia?ia?oeo a?oioo – aaei aei
cieaeaiiy a?iaeath ian?iiy aacaenaaeeiaiai ei?iiaiai ao?yea.
Iaea?eueo aeiiii?/ii aea?aeiee a?iaeae ian?iiy ii?eae 4,5 oe/aa, a
na?aaeiueiio ca ?iee aeine?aeaeaiue iaea?aeaee i?e iin?a? a ia?o?e
aeaeaae? na?iiy ii i?aioe? c aianaiiyi N120P120.
Aia?aaoe/iee aaeain eiiieaeno aa?ioaoi?/ieo i?eeii?a i?aeoaa?aeaeo?
aeioe?euei?noue ae?iuoaaiiy aacaenaaeeiaiai ian?iiy ii?eae – a ia?o?e, a
ei?iiaiai ao?yea a ae?oa?e aeaeaaeao na?iiy ia oii? N120?120, i?e
i?aioe? ia aeeaeio 20-22 ni, ui caaacia/o? iaea?eueoee /enoee i?eaooie c
iecueeith nia?aa?o?noth iaeiiai oeaioia?a ian?iiy.
Ia c?iooaaieo oaiii-eaooaiiaeo a?oioao c iecueeei ai?noii ?ooiieo acioo
oa oinoi?o ? na?aaei?i iai?iiiai eae?th aacaenaaeeia? iin?ae ii?eae oa
ei?iiaeo ao?ye?a ia ian?iiy aeiiii?/ii aea?aeii i?iaiaeeoe a ia?o?e oa
ae?oa?e aeaeaaeao na?iiy a?aeiia?aeii, i?e i?aioe? ia aeeaeio 20-22 ni
ia oii? N120P120.
NIENIE INIIAIEO IIOAE?EIAAIEO ?IA?O
CA OAIITH AeENA?OAOe??
Ooea?aiei A.I., Oaaei?/oe A.A., Oaaei?/oe I.?. Aieea no?ie?a n?aae ia
ian?ii?ao i?iaeoeoeai?noue aacaenaaeeiaeo ei?aiaie?aeieo eoeueoo? a
oiiaao c?iooaaiiai caiea?ianoaa i?aaeiy Oe?a?ie. // Oaa??enueeee
iaoeiaee a?niee. Aeione 3, Oa?nii. – 1997. N.3-5.
Ooea?aiei A.I., Oaaei?/oe A.A., Oaaei?/oe I.?. I?ia?an?ai? i?eeiie a
ian?iieoeoa? aacaenaaeeiai? ii?eae // Oaa??enueeee iaoeiaee a?niee.
Aeione 5, /anoeia 2, Oa?nii. – 1998. N.3-7.
Ooea?aiei A.I., Oaaei?/oe A.A., Oaaei?/oe I.?., Ieioe?i N.ss.
I?ia?aioaaiiy a?iaeath ian?iiy ii?eae i?e aacaenaaeeiaiio niinia?
ae?iuoaaiiy. // Oaa??enueeee iaoeiaee a?niee. Aeione 5, /anoeia 2,
Oa?nii. – 1998. N.10-12.
Oaaei?/oe A.A. Iniaeeaino? oaoiieia?? ian?iieoeoaa ei?iiaeo ao?ye?a oa
ii?eae aacia?anaaeeiaei niiniaii. // Oaa??enueeee iaoeiaee a?niee.
Aeione 5, /anoeia 2, Oa?nii. – 1998. N. 17-18.
Ooea?aiei A.I., Oaaei?/oe A.A. Aacaenaaeeiaa ae?iuoaaiiy ian?iiy
ei?iiaeo ao?ye?a – aea?aeii. // Oaa??enueeee iaoeiaee a?niee. Aeione 8,
Oa?nii. – 1998. N. 3-6.
Oaaei?/oe A.A. Aa?ioaoi?/i? i?eeiie ae?iuoaaiiy ei?aiaie?aeieo eoeueoo?
ia ian?iiy aacaenaaeeiaei niiniaii a c?iooaaieo oiiaao i?aaeiy
Oe?a?ie.– ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 06.01.02 –
iae?i?aoe?y ? c?iooaaeueia caiea?ianoai. – Oa?niinueeee aea?aeaaiee
aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao, Oa?nii, 1998.
Caoeua?oueny ?oeiien aeena?oaoe??, o yeiio aeeeaaeai? ?acoeueoaoe
aeine?aeaeaiue iniaeeainoae oi?ioaaiiy o?iaeath ian?iiy aacaenaaeeiaeo
eoeueoo? ei?iiaiai ao?yea ? ii?eae a ca’yceo c ??ciei niiniaii ia?ia?oeo
a?oioo a niieo/aii? c iioeiaeueiei no?ieii iin?ao ? aeicith i?ia?aeueieo
aeia?ea. Aeniea caa?aaeai?noue ?ineei aacaenaaeeiaeo ian?iiee?a o
ceiiaee ia??iae ? i?iaeoeoeai?noue aeey ei?iiaiai ao?yea ? ii?eae
a?aecia/aia i?e iin?a? a ae?oa?e ? ia?o?e aeaeaaeao na?iiy a?aeiia?aeii,
ii i?aioe? ia oii? N120?120.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: aacaenaaeeia? iin?ae, ei?iiaee ao?ye, ii?eaa, no?iee
n?aae, niiniae ia?ia?oeo a?oioo, ii?ie aeia?ea, c?ioaiiy, o?iaeae.
Oaaei?/oe A.A. Aa?ioaoie/aneea i?eaiu aicaeaeuaaiey ei?iaieiaeiuo
eoeueoo? ia naiaia aacaunaaei/iui niiniaii a i?ioaaiuo oneiaeyo thaa
Oe?aeiu – ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa
naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 06.01.02 – iaeei?aoeey e
i?ioaaiia caieaaeaeea. – Oa?niineee ainoaea?noaaiiue aa?a?iue
oieaa?neoao, Oa?nii, 1998.
Caueuaaony ?oeiienue aeenna?oaoeee, a eioi?ie eceiaeaiu ?acoeueoaou
enneaaeiaaiee iniaaiiinoae oi?ie?iaaiey o?iaeay naiyi aacaunaaei/iuo
eoeueoo? ei?iiaie naaeeu e ii?eiae a nayce n ?acee/iui niiniaii
ia?aaioee ii/au a ni/aoaiee n iioeiaeueiui n?ieii iinaaa e aeicie
ieia?aeueiuo oaeia?aiee. Aunieay nio?aiiinoue ?anoaiee aacaunaaei/iuo
naiaiieeia a ceiiee ia?eiae e i?iaeoeoeaiinoue aeey ei?iiaie naaeeu e
ii?eiae ioia/aia i?e iinaaa ai aoi?ie e ia?aie aeaeaaeao aaaonoa
niioaaonoaaiii, ii aniaoea ia oiia N120?120.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: aacaunaaei/iua iinaau, ei?iiaay naaeea, ii?eiaue, n?iee
iinaaa, niiniau ia?aaioee ii/au, ii?iu oaeia?aiee, i?ioaiea, o?iaeae.
Fedorshuk V.G. Agrotechnical procedures of cultivation of root crops for
seeds using a non-transplant method under irrigation in the South of
Ukraine. – Manuscript.
Thesis for agricultural science degree candidate’s on a speciality
06.01.02 – amelioration and irrigated agriculture. – Kherson State
Agrarian University, Kherson, 1998.
The manuscript of the dissertation is protected, in which the results of
researches of features of formation of a crop seeds non-transplant of
cultures of fodder beet and carrots are stated in connection with a
various way of processing of ground in a combination to optimum term of
crop and doze of mineral fertilisers. The high safety of plants
non-transplant seed plants in the winter period and efficiency for
fodder beet and carrots is marked at crop in the second and first
decades of August accordingly, on ploughing and on background N120?120.
Key words: non-transplant crops, fodder beet, carrots, terms of crop,
ways of processing of ground, norm of fertilisers, irrigation, crop.
I?aeienaii aei ae?oeo 27.11.1998 ?.
Oi?iao 60o90/16. Iai?? ionaoiee. Ae?oe ??cia?ao?y.
Oa?niinueeee AeAO : ?aaeaeoe?eii – aeaeaaie/?e oeaio? “Eiein”
1998, cae. 55, i?ei??iee?a 100, ae?. a?e. 1
PAGE 17
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