Iineianeee ainoaea?noaaiiue eiaeaia?ii-oece/aneee einoeooo
(oaoie/aneee oieaa?neoao)
Eaoaae?a Iee?iyeaeo?iieee
?aoa?ao ii eo?no oeeinioee
Oeeinioneea i?iaeaiu eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa e eneonnoaaiiie aeecie.
Anie?aio: Oaa/aiei I.A.
I?aiiaeaaaoaeue: A?ocaeaa I.I.
Iineaa 1998
Oeeinioneea i?iaeaiu eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa e eneonnoaaiiie aeecie.
Aaaaeaiea.
Nia?aiaiiua oeeiniou e enneaaeiaaoaee iaoee /anoi ?anniao?eaatho
iaaeaeenoeeieeia?iua iaoee eae iaeii ec auaeathueony aeinoeaeaiee caiiai
ioe?uouo a 20 aaea. Eneonnoaaiiue eioaeeaeo e eneonnoaaiiay aeeciue
i?aaenoaaeytho i?ae?aniue i?eia? oaeie eioaa?aoeee iiiaeo iao/iuo
iaeanoae. Eiia/ii, iaaeaeenoeeieeia?iinoue oiaea eiaao naith oeaio.
Oeieee, aeieiae, niaoeeaeenou a iaeanoe au/eneeoaeueiuo iaoe e iiiaea
ae?oaea eco/atho ?acee/iua aniaeou aeeauo nenoai, iieuecoynue i?e yoii
noiaeiuie iaoiaeaie. Iniiaiuie iaoiaeaie eco/aiey eneonnoaaiiie aeecie
yaeythony: neioac eneonnoaaiiuo nenoai n aiaeiae/iui aeeaui nenoaiai
iiaaaeaieai, eco/aiea aeeiaieee ?acaeoey i?ioeanna, a ia eiia/iiai
?acoeueoaoa, eiino?oe?iaaiea nenoai aeaiiino?e?othueo oaiiiai
niceaeaiey. Oi /oi iauaaeeiyao enneaaeiaaoaeae a iaeanoe eneonnoaaiiie
aeecie (EAE) – yoi iaoiaeu, a ioee/ea io eo oeaeae. Eiia/ii, nouanoaoao
iauee eioa?an e aeecie eae e oaiiiaio aeey eco/aiey. E niaeaeaieth,
aeeciue neeoeii neiaeia, /oiau iiaeii auei iaiaoeoue iauea iai?aaeaiey a
enneaaeiaaieyo. Aeieacaoaeuenoaai iineaaeiaai ooaa?aeaeaiey iiaeao
neoaeeoue oio oaeo, /oi iaeioi?ua caeioa?aniaaiu a enneaaeiaaiee
«nenoai, aeaiiino?e?othueo oaiiiaiu aeeauo nenoai«, ae?oaea eco/atho
i?e?iaeo oeie/aneiai ?ai?iaeooee?iaaiey eee iuoathony ?aoeoue
oeeinioneea i?iaeaiu naiiniciaiey. A oi aea a?aiy niaa?oaiii ae?oaie
aeae enneaaeiaaoaeae, ioiinyueony e iaeanoe ?iaioeee, iuoathony
nicaeaaaoue oece/aneea nenoaiu, aeaiiino?e?othuea iaeioi?ia
iiaaaeai/aneia noiaenoai n aeeaioiuie.
Ii nia?aiaiiui iao/iui aeaiiui /aeiaa/aneee iica niaea?aeeo ieiei 240
iniiaiuo «au/eneeoaeueiuo» oceia iae?iiia, eioi?uo niaaeeiytho ieiei 250
naycae neiainia. Nia?aiaiiua au/eneeoaeueiua nenoaiu no?aieoaeueii
i?eaeeaeathony ii naiei au/eneeoaeueiui aiciiaeiinoyi e iicao.
Eneonnoaaiiua iae?iiiua naoe eiio?iee?otho neiaeiaeoea nenoaiu
oi?aaeaiey e neaaeaiey, i?iyaeytho niiniaiinoe a iaeanoe ?aniiciaaaiey
ecia?aaeaiey aieioue aei aiciiaeiinoe nicaeaiey eioaeeaeooaeueiuo
aaoiieeioia. Oaea aeoeaii caieiaaony eneonnoaaiiuie nenoaiaie iaeanoue,
n/eoaaoayny i?a?iaaoeaie /aeiaaea – eiiiuethoa?u noaee eo/oa ethaeae
ea?aoue a oaoiaou. A oaeeo oneiaeyo i?eia?aoaao iniaoth cia/eiinoue
?anniio?aiea iniiaiuo oeeinioneeo aii?inia, naycaiiuo n eneonnoaaiiui
eioaeeaeoii e eneonnoaaiiie aeeciueth. I?e yoii, i/aaeaeii, aiciiaeii
acaeiiaeeyiea eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa e eneonnoaaiiie aeecie ia
oeeinioneea i?iaeaiu iuoeaiey e aeecie aiiaua. Nia?aiaiiua caiaaeiua
oeeiniou oe?iei ?anniao?eaatho aeaiiua i?iaeaiu. I?e yoii ia ia?aia
ianoi auoiaeeo ianoaeaeaiea iuoeaiey e naiiniciaiey. I?e yoii
aeinoaoi/ii /anoi auneacuaaaony iiaiea i iai?eaieaiinoe eeanne/aneiai
ea?oaceaineiai aeoaeecia aeey ?anniio?aiey aii?inia, naycaiiuo n
eneonnoaaiiie aeeciueth.
A ea/anoaa iniiau aeaiiie ?aaiou ?anniao?eaaeenue o?oaeu aeiaieueii
ecaanoiiai nia?aiaiiiai oeeinioa, o/aieea Ia?oeia Oaeaeaaaa?a, Iaeeea
Aaeea?a ii?aaeaeythuaai a naieo ?aaioao acaeiinaycue nia?aiaiiuo i?iaeai
eneonnoaaiiie aeecie e eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa n ea?oaceaineei e
iaia?eoioaeaaui iiaeoiaeaie ?anniio?aiey iuoeaiey e aeecie eae oaeiaie.
Aeaa aeaea iaoee i iuoeaiee.
Eneonnoaaiiay aeeciue, caia/aoaeueiay e auno?i ?acaeaathuayny iaeanoue
iao/iiai ciaiey, eioi?ay iiaeao niaa?oeoue ia?aai?io a iaoea i iuoeaiee.
N ae?oaie noi?iiu, aua aanueia aieueoie iauai oai?aoe/aneeo
enneaaeiaaiee o?aaoaony, /oiau i?eaeeceoueny e nenoaiaoe/aneiio
iiieiaieth eiioeaiooaeueiuo ?aiie, a eioi?uo iiaeao ?acaeaaoueny iaoea i
iuoeaiee ia aaca eneonnoaaiiie aeecie. Oaeia iiieiaiea iaiaoiaeeii ia
oieueei a aeaaeaie/aneeo enneaaeiaaieyo a iaeanoe oeeinioee iaoee. Iii
iiiiaeao noi?ie?iaaoue aii?inu, o?aaothuea aeaeueiaeoaai ?anniio?aiey e
iauynieoue ?acoeueoaou yiie?e/aneeo enneaaeiaaiee. Aeaeaa i?eaiaeeony
iiiuoea nenoaiaoe/aneiai ?anniio?aiey aeaiiie i?iaeaiu. Oeaeueth
yaeyaony ?acaeaeeoue e i?iaanoe n?aaiaiea aeaoo aeaeia iaoee i iuoeaiee
(i?oiaeienaeueiie e aeieiae/anee-i?eaioe?iaaiiie), e iieacaoue, eae yoe
aeaa ioaeaeueiuo noeey iuoeaiey a iaeanoe iao/iiai iiciaiey yaeythony
iioiieaie aeaoo ?aaeeeaeueii ?acee/athueony acaeyaeia ia ianoi ?acoia a
i?e?iaea (ea?oaceaineee e a?enoioaeaa acaeyaeu). Aeaaiie eaeaae aoaeao
oi, /oi eneonnoaaiiay aeeciue iioaioeeaeueii iiaeao noaoue
eioaeeaeooaeueiui aeaeaaoaeai aeieiae/anee i?eaioe?iaaiiie iaoee i
iuoeaiee, aeaenoaothuae a ?aieao iaueo a?enoioaeaaauo eiioeaioeee.
AEeciue a iaoea i iuoeaiee ?anniao?eaaaony eae i?inoia yaeaiea.
Aannii?ii, /oi eneonnoaaiiue eioaeeaeo aue oai?aoe/aneei yae?ii a
aeaiiie iaeanoe, a oii niunea, /oi yoe eiioeaioeee, ?ac?aaioaiiua aeey
eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa eee iau/ii i?eiaiyaiua a yoie iaeanoe (oaeea
eiioeaioeee eae aeai?eoi, ya?enoeea e ia?aaioea eioi?iaoeee)
iaania/eaatho iaoeo i iuoeaiee oa?ieiieiae/aneei aacenii. Iaeiaei
iiyaeaiea a ?anniio?aiee oaeaea eneonnoaaiiie aeecie i?eaeaei aeaiiie
iaeanoe iiciaiey aieueooth caeii/aiiinoue.
Ia i?aeoeea iiae e?uoae oa?ieia eneonnoaaiiay aeeciue aiacaeeony
a?aiaeeiciia ?aciiia?acea ?acee/iuo i?iaeoia io iiaeaeae eiie?iaaiey
AeIE e nenoai n ia?aoiie naycueth aeao/ee-aeaeaaoaeue aei eco/aiey
eieeaeoeaiiai ?acoia e aeeiaieee ?inoa ianaeaiey. Oaeia ?aciiia?acea
i?eaiaeeo e o?oaeiinoe eiiiaeoiiai ii?aaeaeaiey aeey aeaiiie iaeanoe
ciaiey. Iaeiaei, a eiioaenoa aeaiiie ?aaiou, aoaeao i?aaeeueiui
eniieueciaaoue ii?aaeaeaiea eneonnoaaiiie aeecie eae iiiuoee iiciaiey
aeeauo nenoai (aeeth/ay, a i?aaeaeueiii neo/aa, oaiiiai eioi?ue iiaeii
na?oiie?iaaoue aianoa iiae oaeeie iiiyoeyie eae ?acoi, iuoeaiea e
iiciaiea) iin?aaenoaii aiaeeca e/eee neioaca a?oaoaeoia (eiiiuethoa?iuo
iiaeaeae, eneonnoaaiiuo ie?ia e ?iaioia). A oi aea a?aiy i?e aaeiioaoeee
no?iai ia?aie/aiiiai oi/iiai ii?aaeaeaiey eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa
(o.a. ooiaeaiaioaeueii eiae/anee iainiiaaiiiai eee iniiaaiiiai
eneeth/eoaeueii ia ?acoia /aeiaa/aneiai o?iaiy) aicieeaao ?ac?ua iaaeaeo
eneonnoaaiiie aeeciueth e eneonnoaaiiui eioaeeaeoii aeey ii?aaeaeaiiuo
aeaeia enneaaeiaaiee a iaeanoe eneonnoaaiiie aeecie (iai?eia?,
?ac?aaioee ?iaioia n eioaeeaeoii aeeaioiiai o?iaiy), oioy iie e
ioiinyony e iaeioi?iio, ionoue e ianoaiaea?oiiio, oeio eneonnoaaiiiai
eioaeeaeoa. Aeey oi/iinoe oi?ioee?iaie oa?ieiia a aeaeueiaeoai
?anniio?aiee i?iaaaeai ?acee/ea iaaeaeo eneonnoaaiiie aeeciueth (eioi?ay
anaaaea aeeth/aao ii?aaeaeaiiua oi?iu eneonnoaaiiiai eioaeeaeoa) e
eneonnoaaiiui eioaeeaeoii, eioi?ue ia yaeyaony a oi aea a?aiy
eneonnoaaiiie aeeciueth. A aeaeueiaeoai aoaeai iacuaaoue aoi?ie aa?eaio
enneaaeiaaiee eneonnoaaiiui eioaeeaeoii a i?oiaeienaeueiie oi?ia
(orthodox AI eee OAI).
OAI iiaeao auoue ii?aaeaeai iooai aai ioiioaiey e eaeaa, /oi caei?iaay
iaoea i ?acoia iiaeao, ii aieueoae /anoe, eaii?e?iaaoue aeieiae/aneea
?aciuoeaiey, eioi?ua oyaioatho e aoiaeo a iauoth ea?oeio a ea/anoaa
oieueei «aeaoaeae eiie?aoiiai aiieiuaiey» eeai «neo/aeiua enoi?e/aneea
/anoiinoe», e a oeaeii ia iaania/eaaao e ia niaea?aeeo eiioeaioeee e
i?eioeeiia iau/ii eniieuecoaiuo aeey iino?iaiey iao/iiai iauyniaiey
?acoia. Aeaiiay oaiaeaioeey e aeieiae/aneie iaeo?aeueiinoe au?aaeaaony a
iaai?a ?acee/iuo ecia?aiee oaeeo eae (a) auianaiea ec iaeanoe
?anniio?aiey eeai i?aaeaeueii oi?iuaiiue acaeyae ia oi, /oi i?ienoiaeeo
a ia?aiie aeieiae/aneie nenoaia e (a aieaa iauai neo/aa) a aeieiae/aneii
oaea, (a) i?aiaa?aaeaiea neiaaiiinoueth iaeaaaaiie ia aeieiae/aneee
?acoi iaiaoiaeeiinoueth aeaenoaiaaoue a ?aaeueiii a?aiaie a /anoi
a?aaeaeaaiie, iai?aaeneacoaiie e ia i?iuathuae ioeaie ianoaiiaea e (a)
cae?uoea aeac ia oio oaeo, /oi iiaaaeaiea aeeaioiuo ca/anooth auniei
niaoeeoe/ii a ?aieao eo yeieiae/aneie ieoe.
OAI, ioa?aeoa?eciaaiiia auoa, aoaeao eniieueciaaii a ea/anoaa
eioaeeaeooaeueiiai yae?a, aeey oiai, /oi aoaeai a aeaeueiaeoai iacuaaoue
i?oiaeienaeueiie iaoeie i iuoeaiee (orthodox cognitive science OCS).
Niaeanii icia/aiiiio niioiioaieth, iiaeii iaeeaeaoue io OCS
aeaiiino?aoeee oaeiai aea ioiioaiey aeieiae/aneie iaeo?aeueiinoe, eae e
o OAI, oieueei a aeaiiii neo/aa ii ioiioaieth e iao/iiio iauyniaieth
iuoeaiey e iiciaiey. E yoi aoaeao eiaiii oi, /oi iu eneaee. A
i?oiaeienaeueiie enoi?ee iaoee i iuoeaiee, aeey oiai /oiau iauynieoue
aeae iiciaiey aeaiiino?e?oaiiai aeieiae/aneei iuneeoaeai aiciiaeii ii
aieueoae /anoe eaii?e?iaaoue oaeou aeieiaee aeieiae/aneiai iuneeoaey.
(Eneeth/aiea ec yoiai i?aaeea – ii?aaeaeaiea ii?iaeueiie ooieoeee
iin?aaenoaii aea?aeiianeiai anoanoaaiiiai ioai?a aoaeao ?anniio?aii
aeaeaa).
Aieueoeinoai, oioy e aeaeaei ia ana, ?aaiou a iaeanoe eneonnoaaiiiai
eioaeeaeoa e iaoee i iuoeaiee yaeythony i?oiaeienaeueiuie (o.a. eae auei
ii?aaeaeaii auoa, aeieiae/anee iaeo?aeueiuie). Yoi aeeth/aao a naay
iiaeaaeythuaa aieueoeinoai, oioy e aeaeaei ia ana iiaeaee, ?ac?aaioaiiua
iiae oeaaii eiiiaeoeaecia. (Oae?o/athuaa iauaa ooaa?aeaeaiea, /oi
eiiiaeoeaenoeea naoe, a iauai, yaeythony «aeieiae/anee ?aaeenoe/iuie
ineoieiae/aneeie iiaeaeyie» ii-aeaeeiiio, oeeoeaii. Aeaeaa yoiio aoaeao
aeaii iauyniaiea.) Oaia?ue ?anniio?ei ?aaeeeaeueii ioee/athueeny aeae
enneaaeiaaiee: ?aaeueii aeieiae/aneay iaoea i iuoeaiee. Iiae yoei
oa?ieiii iiae?acoiaaaaony iaoea i iuoeaiee, eioi?ay neaaeoao oiio, /oi
Aiaeo?e-Nieo iacuaae no?iaie iai?a?uaiinoueth, ooaa?aeaeaiea i oii /oi
«aeeciue e ?acoi eiatho iauoth aano?aeoioth no?oeoo?o eee iaai? aaciauo
i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo naienoa… ?acoi aoeaaeueii iiaeiaai aeecie.» Niaeanii
yoiio ooaa?aeaeaieth, iai?aaeythuei i?eioeeiii aeieiae/aneie iaoee i
iuoeaiee aoaeao oi, /oi iuoeaiea iiaeao auoue iauyniaii n
eniieueciaaieai oao aea ooiaeaiaioaeueiuo eiioeaioeee e i?eioeeiia, /oi
e iienaiea ae?oaeo aeieiae/aneeo oaiiiaiia. Aeieiae/aneay iaoea i
iuoeaiee aoeaaeueii yaeyaony iaoeie i aeecie.
Ioiaoei /aou?a iieiaeaiey, eanathueony no?iaie iai?a?uaiinoe:
No?iaay iai?a?uaiinoue aea/ao ca niaie, – ii ia i?ienoaeaao ec – aieaa
neaauo oi?i iai?a?uaiinoe, niaeanii eioi?ie aeey oiai, /oiau iaeioi?ay
nouiinoue eiaea ?acoi iia aeieaeia auoue aeeaie, oioy aeey oiai /oiau
auoue aeeaie iaee/ea ?acoia ia yaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiui. Aeaiiay oi?ia
iai?a?uaiinoe naia ii naaa iaaeinoaoi/ia aeey aeaenoaeoaeueii
aeieiae/aneie iaoee i iuoeaiee, oae eae iia ia aeaao aa?aioee, /oi
eoi-eeai aeieaeai ia?auaoueny e i?eioeeiai iino?iaiey aeeaiai iauaeoa
aeey oiai, /oiau iiiyoue i?ioeann iuoeaiey.
Ec no?iaie iai?a?uaiinoe ia neaaeoao, /oi aeeciue e iuoeaiea anoue iaeii
e oi aea. Iie iaoiaeyony a iai?a?uaiie iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe, ii ia
yeaeaaeaioiu.
A eiioaenoa aeieiae/aneie iaoee i iuoeaiee, no?iaay iai?a?uaiinoue
i?aaeiieaaaao iaoiaeieiaeth eco/aiey «nieco-aaa?o». Nia/aea
enneaaeiaaoaeue i?iaiaeeo iiene oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiiai iauyniaiey
iaeioi?iai i?inoiai ia iuneyuaai i?iyaeaiey aeecie (Aeey iniiaaiey
iiaeoiaeyuae oai?aoe/aneie eiioeaioeee). Caoai i?iecaiaeeony aai
i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiea aieaa neiaeiie iuneyuae nouiinoe.
No?iaay iai?a?uaiinoue, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue, aaniieieo oao, eoi
aeaaeaeae aeaenoaeoaeueii iaiauaiiie iaoee i iuoeaiee. Eiia/ii, iiaeao
ieacaoueny, /oi noiaeiue iaai? no?oeoo?iuo naienoa au?aaeai ia oieueei a
aeecie e ?acoia iaoo?aeueiuo caiiuo i?e?iaeiuo nouanoa, ii e a eo
iacaiiuo eiieyo (anee aeaiiuo oaiiiai nouanoaoao), a oaeaea ai anao
oi?iao eneonnoaaiiie aeecie e eneonnoaaiiie iaioaeueiinoe, eioi?ay
aiciiaeii niiniaia nouanoaiaaoue (anee eoi-eeai n/eoaao, /oi a?oaoaeou
iiaoo aoeaaeueii auoue aeeauie e eiaoue ?acoi). Anee iiaa?iooue
?anniio?aiea a yoo noi?iio, oi eaeay i iaiauaiiie iaoea i iuoeaiee
aoaeao nianaia. Iaeiaei, ie/oi a eaeaa no?iaie iai?a?uaiinoe ia
aa?aioe?oao oaeie ?acoeueoao.
I/aaeaeii, /oi iieiaeaiea i oii, /oi aeieiae/aneay iaoea i iuoeaiee
iiaeao auoue iino?iaia aie?oa OAI auoiaeeo ca ?aiee ?acoiiiai niiiaiey.
Ii eae aea oaia?ue iinooiaoue n eneonnoaaiiie aeeciueth? ?aiaa
i?aaeiieaaaeinue, /oi eneonnoaaiiay aeeciue iiaeao auoue
ioa?aeoa?eciaaia eae iiiuoea eniieueciaaiey eneonnoaaiiie n?aaeu aeey
enneaaeiaaiey oaiiiaia aeecie. Yoi i?iaeaeaaao ian a i?aaeeueiii
iai?aaeaiee. Oaea aue ioia/ai oio oaeo, /oi iauyniaiea eioaeeaeoa,
?acoia e iuoeaiey noieo ia iiaanoea aeia a iaeanoe eco/aiey
eneonnoaaiiie aeecie. Yoi iieacuaaao, /oi eaiiie/aneee acaeyae n oi/ee
c?aiey eco/aiey eneonnoaaiiie aeecie i?aaeiieaaaao ?anniio?aiea aeaiiuo
oaiiiaiia eae eneeth/eoaeueii naycaiiuo n (e yaeythueony
iiaeiiiaeanoaii) aeeauo nenoai, eioi?ua caeeth/atho a naaa, a oeaeii,
oi, /oi aeaeatho aeeaua nenoaiu, niaeanii neaaie oi?ia iai?a?uaiinoe,
ii?aaeaeaiiie ?aiaa. Eiia/ii, aeaiiia i?eiyoea neaaie oi?iu
iai?a?uaiinoe ia iaycuaaao ?anniao?eaathueo eneonnoaaiioth aeeciue
i?eieiaoue aaaeouee i?eioeei aeieiae/aneie iaoee i iuoeaiee, oacen i
no?iaie iai?a?uaiinoe. Oai ia iaiaa, oioy no?iaay iai?a?uaiinoue ia
yaeyaony no?iai iaycaoaeueiie a oa?aeoa?a eneonnoaaiiie aeecie,
enneaaeiaaoaee, ?aaioathuea a iaeanoe eneonnoaaiiie aeecie e niaaeiuo
iaeanoyo, /anoi iieoiathony ia yoo eaeath. Iai?eia?, auaeaeaaaony
a?aoiaio, /oi iiaeaee eneonnoaaiiie aeecie iaania/ao iauyniaiea
iaiaeeaeaiiuo i?iyaeaiee ninoaaeythueo iniiao aeecie e ?acoia. Oaeaea
i?aaeiieaaaaony, /oi iiae?ua iau/iiai eiioiieiae/aneiai ?aniiciaaaiey
naie-/oaeie aoaeao eiaoue iineaaenoaey a iaeanoe oaeeo aunieio?iaiaauo
yaeaiee eae naiiniciaiea e eiaeeaeaeoaeeci. ?aoathuei oaeoii yaeyaony
oi, /oi oa?aeoa? eneonnoaaiiie aeecie ia oieueei aeiioneaao no?iaoth
iai?a?uaiinoue, ii e aeoeaii iiiu?yao aa. Ianiio?y ia yoio oaeo,
eneonnoaaiiay aeeciue yaeyaony aeaenoaeoaeueiui OAI.
Ia aeaiiie noaaeee aicieeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue i?iynieoue acaeiiioiioaiey,
nouanoaothuea iaaeaeo eneonnoaaiiie aeeciueth e aeieiae/aneie iaoeie i
iuoeaiee. Iauyniaiea aeeauo nenoai, i?aaeeaaaaiia a ?aieao eneonnoaaiiie
aeecie iau/ii oi?ioee?oaony a ?aieao oai?aoe/aneiai neiaa?y,
iiaeaea?aeeaathuaai iaai? ?acee/iuo iao/iuo eiioeaioeee (oaeeo eae
naiii?aaiecaoeey, aaoiiiiey, ?aaeoeey ia aiaoiea i?iyaeaiey e o.i.).
Anee au iiaeiaiua eiioeaioeee iaania/eaaeenue aeieiae/aneie iaoeie i
iuoeaiee n aa oai?aoe/aneei neiaa?ai, oiaaea eneonnoaaiiay aeeciue
niiaea au noaoue oaeei aea eioaeeaeooaeueiui aacenii aeey iaoee i
iuoeaiee, eaeei i?oiaeienaeueiue eneonnoaaiiue eioaeeaeo yaeyaony aeey
i?oiaeienaeueiie iaoee i iuoeaiee.
Iinea anao yoeo eao ana aua ea?oaceaineay.
Aoaeao i/aiue iieacii ia iaeioi?ia a?aiy neiioeaio?e?iaaoueny ia iaeiii
niaoeeoe/aneii nii?iii aii?ina, ii eioi?iio ?anoiaeyony i?oiaeienaeueiay
e aeieiae/aneay iaoea i iuoeaiee, a eiaiii au?aaeaiea niioiioaiey
eioi?ia nouanoaoao iaaeaeo iae?iaeieiae/aneeie/aeioeie/aneeie naienoaaie
aeeauo i?aaieciia n iaeiie noi?iiu e iuoeaieai n ae?oaie noi?iiu. (A
?acoeueoaoa aeaiiue nii?iue aii?in nicaeaao ia?aia iai?aaeaiea
aeieiae/aneie iaeo?aeueiinoe a i?oiaeienaeueiie iaoea i iuoeaiee, eae
auei ii?aaeaeaii a i?aaeuaeouae aeaaa). ?acee/ea a yoii aii?ina iiaeao
auoue iauyniaii oai oaeoii, /oi aeaa aeaea iaoee i iuoeaiee noi?ie?iaaiu
a ?aaeeeaeueii ?acee/athueony oeeinioneeo eiioeaioeeyo. A oeaeii
aeieiae/aneay iaoea i iuoeaiee iaeaieaa i?aaie/ii eiaeeony a ?aiee iauae
a?enoioaeaaie eiioeaioeee, a oi aea a?aiy o i?oiaeienaeueiie iaoee i
iuoeaiee iaaethaeathony ea?oaceaineea ei?ie.
Ethaie, eoi aeaaea ia i?iyaeye iniaiai eioa?ana e oeeinioee ?acoia,
ciaao, /oi Aeaea?o n/eoae iuneeiia e oece/aneia aeaoiy ?acee/iuie, ii
acaeiiaeaenoaothueie iioieiae/aneeie ?aaeueiinoyie. Iaeiaei ae?oaie
aeeaae, naeaeaiiue Aeaea?oii a eco/aiea ?acoia, iaiaa oe?iei ecaanoai.
Yoei aoi?ui aeeaaeii yaeyaony oi?ia ineoieiae/aneiai iainiiaaiey –
aeoaeeci iainiiaaiey – eioi?ue iaeiia?aiaiii iiaeaea?aeeaaao neaaeothuea
oacenu: (1) aeey iauyniaiey oece/aneiai yaeaiey, iaeoi ioaeaeaaony a
i?eaea/aiee oieueei niaoeeoe/aneeo oece/aneeo nouiinoae e ninoiyiee e
niaoeeoe/aneeo oece/aneeo caeiiia; (2) aeey iauyniaiey ineoieiae/aneeo
yaeaiee, iaeoi ioaeaeaaony a i?eaea/aiee oieueei niaoeeoe/aneeo
iuneeoaeueiuo nouiinoae e ninoiyiee e niaoeeoe/aneeo caeiiia iuoeaiey.
Aeoaeeci iainiiaaiey i?ae?anii niaeanoaony n eaeaae, /oi iuneeoaeueiua
niauoey yaeythony i?aaeaeueiie oi?iie oece/aneeo yaeaiee. Aeey
oece/aneie iioieiaee, i?aaeeaaaai ee iu oece/aneee eee ineoieiae/aneee
noeeue iainiiaaiey caaeneo iienaiey, e eioi?iio, n oaeoueie caaeaiiuie
eiie?aoiuie oeaeyie iainiiaaiey, neeiiythony acyoua eioa?anothuea ian
yaeaiey.
Aaaeii oi, /oi Aeaea?o iuneee i?aaie/aneia oaei iuneeoaey eae aua iaeei
oece/aneee iauaeo a oece/aneii ie?a. O/eouaay aeoaeeci iainiiaaiey,
aeaiiay eaeay i?eaiaeeea aai e oiio, /oi
iae?iaeieiae/aneia/aeioeie/aneia iainiiaaiea niauoee a oaea iuneeoaey
iaoianoii a ineoieiae/aneii iainiiaaiee niauoee a ?acoia iuneeoaey, a
oii niunea, /oi ineoieiae/aneia iainiiaaiea iiaeao auoue i?iaaaeaii a
ionoonoaee ethaiai, neieueei au oi ie auei aeaoaeece?iaaiiiai
iae?iaeieiae/aneiai/aeioeie/aneiai ciaiey i oaea iuneyuaai iauaeoa.
Aeaiiia iainiiaaoaeueiia ioaeaeaiea ?acoia io oece/aneiai iineoaey
i?eaiaeee a ?acoeueoaoa e i?a?uaenoinoe a iainiiaaiee a aeaiiii
eiioaenoa iaaeaeo aeeciueth e ?acoiii. Iao/iia iainiiaaiea i?ioeannia,
eioi?ua ?anniao?eaaeenue ea?oaceainoaii eae i?aaie/aneea, ioiinyueany e
oaeaniie aeecie (oaeea i?ioeannu eae ieuaaa?aiea, ?aciiiaeaiea e ?ino)
iaiaaeeaiii iiiaaeaei a iaeanoue aeieiae/aneeo iauyniaiee, eioi?ay
oieeiaaeanue eae i?eieaeaaiay oece/aneie iaoe. Iao/iia iainiiaaiea
oece/aneeo i?ioeannia, n ae?oaie noi?iiu, ioaeaeaaony a eceiaeaiee ia
ycuea, niaa?oaiii ioee/athuainy io aeieiae/aneiai ycuea, a ycuea
niaoeeoe/aneii aeey ineoieiaee. Yoi ?aaiicia/ii ioeeiiaieth iieiaeaiee
no?iaie iai?a?uaiinoe. Ae?oaeie neiaaie, aeoaeeci iainiiaaiey
ianiaianoei n aeieiae/aneie iaoeie i iuoeaiee.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ooieoeeiiaeenou a oeeinioee ?acoia i?eaea?aeeaathony
acaeyaeia, /oi ii?aaeaeythuaa naienoai oeia iaioaeueiiai ninoiyiey
yaeyaony i?e/eiiay ?ieue oiai, /oi ninoiyiea ea?aao a iin?aaeie/anoaa
iaaeaeo (1) naini?iuie aoiaeaie, (2) ae?oaeie oeiaie iaioaeueiuo
ninoiyiee e (3) iioi?eeie iiaaaeaiey. No?iai aiai?y, ooieoeeiiaeeci ia
i?iaiaeeo naycae e i?e?iaea iniiau, ia eioi?ie ?aaeeciaaiu iaioaeueiua
ninoiyiey, oae eae nouiinoue a iaeioi?ii /anoiii iaioaeueiii ninoiyiee
oaea yaeyaony, eae oaea aiai?eeinue, nouiinoueth a iaeioi?ii
niaoeeoe/aneii ooieoeeiiaeueiii ninoiyiee, e niaa?oaiii yeaeaaeaioiua
ooieoeeiiaeueiua ninoiyiey iiaoo auoue, a i?eioeeia, ?aaeeciaaiu
aeioeie/anee ia oaea?iaeiie iniiaa, a aeaea e?aiieaaiai iicaa eee a
aeaea ea?oaceaineiai ?acoia naiiai ii naaa. Caeanue, a i?eioeeia,
ooieoeeiiaeeci aoiaeeo ninoaaiie /anoueth a aeoaeeci noanoaioeee.
Aeaiiue i?eioeeieaeueiue oaeo iiaeao iieacaoueny iacia/eoaeueiui, anee
n/eoaoue, /oi ooieoeeiiaeeci iau/ii yaeyaony ?aai/ae eioaaeeie oai?ee
?aniiciaaaiey, niaeanii eioi?ie ethaay nouiinoue aeaiiiai oeia
iaioaeueiiai ninoiyiey yaeyaony aaeeinoaaiiie e noiaeia n iaeioi?ui
oece/aneei ninoiyieai a oece/aneie nenoaia. Ii, aeiiieiaiea e
o?aaiaaieyi ?aniiciaaaiey ia ?anniao?eaaao iae?iaeieiae/aneea e
aeioeie/aneea aeaoaee oaea aeieiae/aneiai iuneyuaai iauaeoa ioiinyuaainy
e i?ioeanno ineoieiae/aneiai iainiiaaiey. Niaeanii ooieoeeiiaeenoai,
i?ioeann ineoieiae/aneiai iainiiaaiey iiaeao i?iaiaeeoueny a
i?aainoiaeiie ecieyoeee io yoeo /anoiuo aeaoaeae. Iiaeiaiay iiceoeey
oaea ?anniao?eaaeanue ?aiaa: ooieoeeiiaeeci yaeyaony oi?iie
ea?oaceaineiai aeoaeecia iainiiaaiey.
Oae eae aea aaca aeoaeecia iainiiaaiey a ooieoeeiiaeecia oianoia a
iiieiaiee i?oiaeienaeueiie iaoea i iuoeaiee? Ioaaoii yaeyaony, /oi
i?oiaeienaeueiay iaoea i iuoeaiee iino?iaia ia ooieoeeiiaeecia. A naiii
aeaea, au/eneeoaeueiua ninoiyiey (oei ninoiyiee e eioi?ui i?eaaaatho
i?oiaeienaeueiue eneonnoaaiiue eioaeeaeo e i?oiaeienaeueiay iaoea i
iuoeaiee) i?ae?aniua i?eia?u ooieoeeiiaeueii ii?aaeaeaiiuo ninoiyiee.
I?e yoii iao ieeaeiai i?ioeai?a/ey a oii, /oi iaeii ec eeanne/aneeo
iieiaeaiee ooieoeeiiaeecia auei au?aaeaii a oai?ee iooai eniieueciaaiey
iaoeiu Oueth?eiaa. Eae oieueei i?eieiaaony ooieoeeiiaeenoeea iniiau
i?oiaeienaeueiie iaoee i iuoeaiee e aianoa n iae iauaa ea?oaceaineia
?anniio?aiea ioiioaiee iaaeaeo aeeaui oaeii e ?acoiii eioi?ua
ii?iaeaeathony aeaiiuie iniiaaie, iiaeii oaeaeaoue ii/aio
i?oiaeienaeueiay iaoea i iuoeaiee naycaia n eaeaae, /oi iiaeao auoue
iienaii aac iiieiaiey eee nouanoaaiiuo nnueie ia iae?iaeieiae/aneee eee
aeioeie/aneee aacen aeaiiiai i?ioeanna iuoeaiey. Ae?oaeie neiaaie,
iiaeii aeaeaoue ii/aio i?oiaeienaeueiay iaoea i iuoeaiee i?eieiaao
iieiaeaiey niaa?oaiii iai?eaieaiua aeieiae/aneie iaoeie i iuoeaiee.
Neaaeii ca ea?oaceainoaii.
Oaia?ue naiia a?aiy cao?iiooue aeieiae/aneoth iaoeo i iuoeaiee, /oiau
oaeaeaoue, /oi iiaeao auoue i?eiyoi a ?anniio?aiea ec iaeanoe
iino-ea?oaceainoaa. Enneaaeiaaiey a iaeanoe eiiiaeoeaenoneeo (eee
eneonnoaaiiuo iae?iiiuo) naoae yaeythony iiaeoiaeyuae aeey yoiai
iaeanoueth, oae eae iiaeiaiua enneaaeiaaiey ioiinyony eae e
i?oiaeienaeueiiio eneonnoaaiiiio eioaeeaeoo oae e e eneonnoaaiiie
aeecie.
Aiiaua aiai?y, eiiiaeoeaenou iiaoo auoue ioa?aeoa?eciaaiu eae
iee?iooieoeeiiaeenou. Yoi iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony oai, /oi noaiaea?oiua
a?oeoaeoo?iua i?aaeiieiaeaiey, naeaeaiiua a i?oiaeienaeueiii (o.a. a
noeea i?oiaeienaeueiie iaoee i iuoeaiee) eiiiaeoeaecia neaaeotho
ooieoeeiiaeenoeiio iieiaeaieth ia oaeaeaiee ieieiaeueiiai oai?aoe/aneiai
aieiaiey aeieiae/aneiio aaceno iuoeaiey. Iiea ni?aaaaeeeai, /oi
a?oeoaeoo?a i?oiaeienaeueiuo eiiiaeoeaenoeeo naoae iioiaeeo ia
aano?aeoioth no?oeoo?o aeieiae/aneie ia?aiie nenoaiu nouanoaoao
cia/eoaeueiia iiea aeey ?aciiaeanee. Iai?eia?: (1) a eiiiaeoeaenoeeo
naoyo ca/anooth iaeeaaeuaathony iaeioi?ua ia?aie/aiey ia aiciiaeiua
niaaeeiaiey (naoe aac ia?aoiuo naycae eee neiiao?e/iua naoe), /oi,
aiiaua aiai?y, ia niioaaonoaoao ?aaeueiui ia?aiui nenoaiai; (2)
aeieiae/aneea nenoaiu ecia/aeueii caooieaiu; (3) aanueia ?aaeei
nouanoaoao neieueei-ieaoaeue ?aaeueiia niioaaonoaea iaaeaeo
eiiiaeoeaenoeei yeaiaioii e aeieiae/aneei iae?iiii (iineaaeiee
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ai?acaei aieaa neiaeiue iauaeo); (4) aieueoeinoai
eiiiaeoeaenoeeo naoae iaeii?iaeiu ii ninoaao yeaiaioia, no?oeoo?a e
ooieoeeyi, a oi a?aiy eae aeieiae/aneea naoe iau/ii niaea?aeao
iiiaeanoai oeiia iae?iiia; (5) neio?iiecaoeey a eiiiaeoeaenoeeo naoyo
o?aaeeoeeiiii aace?oaony eeai ia aeiaaeueiii oeeo?iaii oaeoiaii neaiaea,
eioi?ue iiaeaea?aeeaaao i?ia?anneaioth aeoeaiinoue yeaiaioia eeai iooai
iaoiaea noioanoe/aneiai iaiiaeaiey; ii i/aaeaeii i?aaeiieiaeeoue, /oi
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia oa/aiea a?aiaie aeey iae?iiia yaeyaony iaeiei ec
cia/eoaeueiuo oaeoi?ia a iiieiaiee iiaaaeaiey aeieiae/aneeo iae?iiiuo
naoae.
Oaeea a?oeoaeoo?iua ?anoiaeaeaiey icia/atho, /oi aioo?aiiyy aeeiaieea
noaiaea?oiie eiiiaeoeaenoeie naoe auaeyaeeo aaaeii ii n?aaiaieth n oai,
/oi aeaiiino?e?oao aeieiae/aneay naoue. Enoiaey ec no?iaie
iai?a?uaiinoe, enneaaeiaaoaeue aeieaeai iaeeaeaoue iaeoe, /oi, iai?eia?,
inoeeeeyoi?iua ?eoiu e oaioe/aneea aoo?aeoi?u – yaeaiey, /anoi
eniieuecoaiua eiiiaeoeaenoaie, ii eioi?ua a iniiaiii noieone?iaaiu a
iaeanoe iae?iaeieiaee aoaeoo ?aoathuei oaeoi?ii a iiieiaiee iuoeaiey.
I?eaioe?iaaiiua ia eneonnoaaiioth aeeciue enneaaeiaaoaee a iaeanoe
?iaioeee /anoi aeiioneatho eneonnoaaiioth yaiethoeeth aeey ?ac?aaioee
naini?ii-iioi?iiuo nenoai oi?aaeaiey ia aaca iae?iiiuo naoae, a eioi?ie,
ii e?aeiae ia?a, iaeioi?ua ec ia?aie/aiee a?oeoaeoo?iuo i?aaeiieiaeaiee,
iienaiiuo auoa, ioa?anuaathony, /oi iicaieyao, iiyoiio aeiaeaaoueny
aieaa aiaaoie aioo?aiiae aeeiaieee. Oaeea aeeiaie/aneea iae?iiiua naoe,
eioi?ua (ii e?aeiae ia?a, /anoe/ii) aeieiae/anee iainiiaaiu,
ianiiiaiii, i?aaenoaaeytho aaaeiue oaa a iai?aaeaiee aeieiae/aneie iaoee
i iuoeaiee. Ii yoi aua oieueei ia/aei. Anee iiniio?aoue iiaeeaea ia
aeieiae/aneee iica, oaeaeaiiia ii?iaeeo eaeath, /oi oi , /oi iacuaatho
iuoeaieai iiaeao auoue iauyniaii oieueei i?eaea/aieai eaeae i neaiaeao
iinueaaiuo aaeieue oiieeo niaoeeoe/aneeo niaaeeieoaeueiuo iooae.
Iai?eia?, nouanoaotho yenia?eiaioaeueiua aeieacaoaeuenoaa oiai, /oi
iinoneiaioe/aneea ?aoeaioi?u oeene?otho i?aneiaioe/aneea auoiaeu
aauanoaa aethoaiaoa io auaiaeia ioee/iuo io «eo nianoaaiiuo»
i?aneiaioe/aneeo auaiaeia. Oae eae aethoaiao auaeaeyaony a aeaea iaeaea,
i?aneiaioe/aneee auoiae iiaeao aicaeaenoaiaaoue ia oaeaeaiiua
iinoneiaioe/aneea ?aoeaioi?u. Iao iniiaaiee i?aaeiieaaaoue, /oi oaeie
yooaeo eae ?ani?ino?aiaiea aethoaiaoa, eioi?ue ia io?aaaouaaaony
noaiaea?oiui iiaeaee?iaaieai iae?iiiuo naoae, iiaeao ?anniao?eaaoueny
eae «aeaoaee eiie?aoiie ?aaeecaoeee« eee neo/aeiue ooi, eioi?ue iiaeao
auoue i?ieaii?e?iaai eiaaea eneonnoaaiiue iineoaeue eniieuecoaony aeey
enneaaeiaaiey iiaeiiaioiie iuneyuae nenoaiu. Oaeaea nouanoaoao aieueoay
aa?iyoiinoue, /oi nouanoaotho aua iaiaoiaeeiua naienoaa oie no?aoaaee,
niaeanii eioi?ie iica aiineo naie aeeaae a aaeaioeaiia iiaaaeaiea.
Ei?i/a, ioaeii anaaaea iiiieoue, /oi /ai au aua ii ia aue, aeieiae/aneee
iica yaeyaony eiiieaeniie oeie/aneie iaoeiie. Aeey oiai, /oiau
eioaa?e?iaaoue yoe iaaycaiiua aeieiaeae iaaethaeaiey a eiae/iua
oai?aoe/aneea ?aiee, iaiaoiaeeii oaeaea iaeoe iaea?oaceaineia
eiioeaiooaeueiia i?ino?ainoai aeey ?aciuoeaiee i aeecie e ?acoia,
i?ino?ainoai a ?aieao no?iaie iai?a?uaiinoe. E n/anoueth oaeia
i?ino?ainoai nouanoaoao a eiioeaioeee A?enoioaey.
Io ineoieiaee e psyche-eiaee.
A?enoioaeaa oa?iei psyche iau/ii ia?aaiaeyo eae aeooa, ii yoi ia nianai
oae. Neiai aeooa ianao a naaa iiiai io aanoaeaniie, nie?eoe/aneie oi?iu
nouanoaiaaiey, eioi?ay ia niioaaonoaoao iiaeaaeythuae oaiaeaioeee
?aciuoeaiee A?enoioaey. Eae ioia/aaony, aeey A?enoioaey aeaeyuay e?aieaa
eiaea psyche. Iiaeii neacaoue, /oi aeey A?enoioaey psyche i?aaiecia
yaeyeny iaai? niaoeeoe/anee-oeiieiae/aneeo naienoa a neeo eioi?uo
i?aaieci aeea. Ae?oaeie neiaaie, ethaie aeae i?aaieciia eiaao
annioeee?iaaiiue n iei iaeioi?ue iaai? aeeciaiiuo naienoa, eioi?ua i?e
ii?iaeueiuo ianoiyoaeuenoaao iiaoo auoue au?aaeaiu a ioaeaeueiuo
i?aaenoaaeoaeyo aeaiiiai aeaea, e a ii?iaeueiuo ianoiyoaeuenoaao aeey
i?aaieciia aeaiiiai aeaea auoue aeeaui cia/eo i?iyaeyoue oeie/iue aeey
aeaiiiai aeaea iaai? aeeciaiiuo naienoa, oi anoue psyche. AEeciaiiua
naienoaa, ninoaaeythuea ethaoth ioaeaeueioth psyche, iiaoo a?aoueny ec
/aai-oi iiaeiaiiai neaaeothuaio nieneo: naiiiaania/aiea ieoaieai, ?ino e
?acaeoea, ?aciiiaeaiea, iio?aaiinoue e ieua, oaeoeeueiua iuouaiey,
aaneiioaeoiua oi?iu iuouaiee, naiieiio?iee?oaiia aeaeaeaiea, ?acoi e
eioaeeaeo. A?oai aiai?y, /ai aeaeaa yeaiaio a yoii nienea, oai aieaa
niaa?oaiiui nouiinoyi ii i?eiaaeeaaeeo. Yoi aaaeii, iioiio /oi psyche
yoi ea?a?oe/aneay no?oeoo?a, a eioi?ie, aiiaua aiai?y, niiniaiinoue e
ii?aaeaeaiiui aeeciaiiui naienoaai i?aaeiieaaaao niiniaiinoue e iaiaa
niaa?oaiiui aeeciaiiui naienoaai ec i?eaaaeaiiiai nienea. Oae, iai?eia?,
niiniaiinoue e oaeoeeueiui iuouaieyi i?aaeiieaaaao niiniaiinoue e
iio?aaiinoe a ieua, ?aciiiaeaieth, ?inoo e naiiiaania/aieth ieoaieai. E
oiio aea, nouanoaoao ioiioaiea au?aceoaeueiie caaeneiinoe iaaeaeo
aeeciaiiuie naienoaaie, oae /oi ethaia aeeciaiiia naienoai ia iiaeao
auoue iieiinoueth iiciaii a io?uaa io ae?oaeo i?e ?anniio?aiee
eiie?aoiie /anoiie psyche.
Ii acaeyaeai A?enoioaey eiioeaioeey psyche iaiaoiaeeia aeey aeinoeaeaiey
oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiuo iainiiaaiee a iaoeao i aeecie. Aeey iiieiaiey aai
a?aoiaioaoeee iaiaoiaeeii i?aaenoaaeoue ?acee/ea iaaeaeo oi?iie e
iaoa?eae. A ia?aii i?eaeeaeaiee oi?ia ii A?enoioaeth icia/aao /oi-oi
a?iaea ?acee/iuo aeaeia i?aaiecaoeee. Ii aiai?eo i oii, /oi /anoe/iua
i/a?oaiey eiie?aoiie noaooe yaeythony oi?iie noaooe, a oi a?aiy aa
iaoa?eaeueiui niaea?aeaieai yaeyaony oece/aneee iaoa?eae, ec eioi?iai
iia naeaeaia. Oi?ia oiii?a – yoi /oi-oi noiaeiia n aai niiniaiinoueth
?oaeoue, a iaoa?eaeueiia niaea?aeaiea – aea?aai e aeaeaci, ec eioi?uo
yoio oiii? naeaeai. Ia?aiauaynue a aeieiae/aneee ie?, oi?iie aeaca
yaeyaony aai niiniaiinoue aeaeaoue, a iaoa?eaeueiui niaea?aeaieai, a
niioaaonoaee n a?enoioeeaaaui aeaeaiueai ae?aaiae aeieiaee, aiaea.
Oi?iie aiaaa yaeyaony /oi-oi a?iaea aeaeaiey aiciacaeey; iaoa?eaeueiui
aea niaea?aeaieai, ii A?enoioaeth, yaeyaony eeiaiea e?iae a iaeanoe
na?aeoea. Eiaaea A?enoioaeue i?eiaiyao ?acee/ea oi?iu e iaoa?eaeueiiai
niaea?aeaiey ei anai aeeaui i?aaieciai, iu aiai?ei, /oi oi?ia aeeaiai
nouanoaa yoi aai psyche, aai iaai? aeeciaiiuo niiniaiinoae;
iaoa?eaeueiia aea niaea?aeaiea yoi i?aaie/aneia oaei, eioi?ia ?aaeecoao
yoe niiniaiinoe.
Enoiaey ec aeaiiiai i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai iiieiaiey eiioeaioeee oi?iu,
aeaoue iauyniaiea a oa?ieiao oi?iu icia/aao aeaoue iauyniaiea, a eioi?ii
oa?aeoa?iay iniaaiiinoue i?aaiecaoeee nouiinoe aeey eo/oaai iauyniaiey
aeaaony a ioee/ea io iaoa?eaeueiiai ninoaaa nouiinoe. Oae, neaaeai,
eoi-oi oi/ao iienaoue, eae aeiiaoiyy iooa inouanoaeyao aecoaeueii
ei??aeoe?oaioth iaaeaaoeeth a ?aaeueiii a?aiaie a aanii?yaei/iie,
aeeiaie/anee eciaiythuaeny ianoaiiaea. A?enoioaeaa acaeyae aeieaeai, ii
e?aeiae ia?a, i?enoonoaiaaoue a eaeaa, /oi aeenoeeieeiu, oaeea eae
iae?iaeieiaey e aeioeiey iiaoo auoue neiiaeie?iaaiu a oeaeyo iauyniaiey
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey iaoeiu, aeiioneathuae oaeia iiaaaeaiea. Oaeoe/anee,
/oi au iaoea ie iiae?acoiaaaea iiae neiaii iaoa?eaeueiinoue, a?enoioaeaa
acaeyae aoaeao i?aaeiieaaaoue iaeeaeaiea i?yiiai iaoa?eaeueiiai
iauyniaiey aecoaeueii iai?aaeyaiie aicaeooiie iaaeaaoeee aeiiaoiae iooe.
Oaeia iauyniaiea aeaeaei ia o?eaeaeueii. Eaaeaeue ec aeaoo eiiiiceoiuo
aeac iooe i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iaii?aiiue ia?aaoey?iue aeaooia?iue iannea
oioi naini?ia. Yoe ianneau niaaeeiaiu a ia?aeeaeueioth naoue
niioaaonoaothueo ia?aaio/eeia ecia?aaeaiey (aeieiae/aneeo i?ioeanni?ia)
e i?aaiia eiio?iee?othueo iieao (i?ioeanni?ia oi?aaeaiey iieaoii),
?aaioathueo aneio?iiii a ?aaeueiii a?aiaie. *a?ac iineaaeothuoth
iae?iiioth naoue, aeaiiay nenoaia oi?aaeyao iaai?ii ioneoeia, eioi?ua
aianoa n ae?ineiie/aneeie i?aaiaie inouanoaeytho oi?aaeaiea e?ueueyie.
Oai ia iaiaa, ethaia /enoi iaoa?eaeueiia iauyniaiea, ionoue aeaaea
eiiieaeniia, ia iicaieeo iaoea i aeecie iiiyoue yoio iaoa?eaeueiue
i?ioeann eae i?e?iaeiue oaiiiai, eioi?ui iii, nianoaaiii e yaeyaony.
Aeey nicaeaiey eiiieaeniiai i?e?iaeiiai iauyniaiey, iaiaoiaeeii
iiieiaiea aeaiiiai i?ioeanna a eiioaenoa /anoe/iiai iaai?a aeeciaiiuo
niiniaiinoae, eioi?ua yaeythony ii?aaeaeythueie aeey aeecie aeiiaoiae
iooe – aeiiaoiyy iooa eae oi?ia aeecie, eae iiaeii auei au neacaoue.
Ae?oaeie neiaaie, niaoeeoe/aneay oece/aneay nenoaia eaaeauay a iniiaa
aecoaeueii iai?aaeyaiie ay?iiaaeaaoeee a aeiiaoiae iooa aeieaeia
iiieiaoueny eae aeiioneathuay au?aaeaiea oeie/iie aeey aeaea aeeciaiiie
niiniaiinoe, aoeaaeueii oei naiieiio?iee?oaiiai aeaeaeaiey, eioi?ue
yaeyaony oa?aeoa?enoeeie aeiiaoiae iooe.
Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua aeeciaiiua niiniaiinoe iiaoo, eiia/ii, ?acaeaeyoueny
?acee/iuie aeaeaie, oioy neacaoue, /oi ia?oeenn e /aeiaae ?acaeaeytho
aeeciaiioth niiniaiinoue e naiiiaania/aieth ieuae ia oi aea naiia, /oi
neacaoue, /oi ia?oeenn e /aeiaae aeinoeaee naiiiaania/aiey ieuae
iaeeiaeiauie iooyie; iiaoo auoue aa?eaoeee iaaeaeo aeaeaie a oii, eae
au?aaeaiu ?acaeaeyaiua aeeciaiiua niiniaiinoe. Niaeanii A?enoioaeth, ana
aeeaua iauaeou iaeaaeatho niiniaiinoueth naiiiaania/aiey ieuae, ?inoa e
?aceiaeaiey e ?aciiiaeaiey. ?anoaiey iaeaaeatho oieueei yoeie
aeeciaiiuie naienoaaie, a oi a?aiy eae aeeaioiua iaeaaeatho aeaiiuie
aeeciaiiuie naienoaaie iethn oaeaea aeeciaiiuie naienoaaie, ioiinyueieny
e iaeanoe aini?eyoey. Ioiaoei, /oi yoi n i?aaenoaaeaiea aeeciaiiuo
naienoa, ioiinyueony e iaeanoe aini?eyoey i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ia?aia, n
/ai noaeeeaathony e /oi /anoi ?anniao?eaatho eae ?acoi e iuoeaiea. Ia
aa?oo eiae/aneie ea?a?oee psyche ?aniieaaaaony iaeaieaa i?e/oaeeeaay ec
anao aeeciaiiuo niiniaiinoae, oi /oi iacuaatho ?acoiii. Ii A?enoioaeth,
aaeeinoaaiiia nouanoai, iaeaaeathuaa yoie aeeciaiiie niiniaiinoueth –
yoi /aeiaae. Iaaei neacaoue, /oi ii/oe iaaiciiaeii niaaeeieoue
a?enoioaeaai ?anniio?aiea ?acoia ni anai inoaeueiui, /oi ii aiai?eo i
aeeciaiiuo niiniaiinoyo, iioiio /oi, oioy aai iniiaiay oaiaeaioeey
ioaa?aiooue eaeath, /oi psyche iioieiae/anee ioaeaeaia io oaea, ii ana
aua cayaeyao, /oi aeoeaiay /anoue aeeciaiiie niiniaiinoe ?acoia (ia/oi
a?iaea eioaeeaeooaeueiie eiooeoeee) aannia?oia e aa/ia. ?anniao?eaay yoo
yaioth iaoayceo, nia?aiaiiua eioa?i?aoaoi?u, i/aaeaeii, iinoaaeee
/aeiaa/aneee eioaeeaeo ia iaeio ieaieo ni anai inoaeueiui. Iaeiei ec
iooae aeinoeaeaiey yoiai yaeyaony ?acaeoea a?enoioaeaaa acaeyaea, /oi
/anoe i?e?iaeiiai i?ioeanna ?acaeoey, iin?aaenoaii eioi?iai iu, ethaee
i?eoiaeei e au?aaeaieth iieiiai iaai?a oeie/iuo aeey aeaea aeeciaiiuo
niiniaiinoae (iaoa iniaay aeeaioiay oi?ia), yaeyaony aeey ian
noaiiaeaieai /a?ac nioeeaeecaoeeth e ?acaeoea ycuea ?aoeeiiaeueiiai
eniieueciaaiey eioaeeaeoa. Aeey yoie o?aaeoi?ee ?acaeoey,
eeanneoeoee?oaiie eae i?e?iaeiay, eoeueoo?a e ycue iiaoo
?anniao?eaaoueny eae /enoi aeieiae/aneea oaiiiaiu – eiia/ii
eneeth/eoaeueii /aeiaa/aneea, ii, oai ia iaiaa, /enoi aeieiae/aneea. Oai
ia iaiaa, anee i?aaeiieiaeeoue, /oi yoi iiaeao auoue naeaeaii, oiaaea
i?ienoiaeeo oeenaoeey eioa?i?aoaoeee psyche, eioi?ay ia aeiioneaao ie
iioieiae/aneiai, ie iainiiaaoaeueiiai ?acaeaeaiey iaaeaeo aeeaui oaeii e
?acoiii.
Oae, niaeanii A?enoioaeth, ec aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe oiai oaeoa, /oi /anoiia
aeeaia i?e?iaeiia oaei eiaao psyche oa?aeoa?enoeee aeecie naiaai aeaea,
neaaeoao, /oi aeeaia i?e?iaeiia oaei niiniaii i?iecaiaeeoue
ii?aaeaeaiiua aaue. I?e yoii ?acoi iiaeao ?anniao?eaaoueny i?inoi eae
iaeia ec yoeo aauae, niiniaiinoue, eioi?ay iicaieyao iaeioi?ui
i?aaieciai auoue aeeauie. E aaea i?iaiaeyony ?annoaeaeaiey i iiaeiuaiee
ieoaiey, aini?iecaiaenoaa, aini?eyoee eee iuoeaiee i?iaiaeyony
?annoaeaeaiey i i?enouae aeeciaiiie niiniaiinoe, aeieiae/aneii oaiiiaia,
eioi?ue iiaeao auoue iauyniai a oa?ieiao iaoa?ee e psyche. Ae?oaeie
neiaaie, A?enoioaeue aue oai?aoeeii, i?eaea?aeeaaaoeiny no?iaie
iai?a?uaiinoe. Iniiaiui i?aaeiieiaeaieai yaeyaony, /oi a?enoioaeaaneay
eiioeaioeey psyche iaania/eaaao eae oi?iooth iiaeaea?aeeo, oae e
oaeiaiue niinia ?anniio?aiey e eniieueciaaiey aieaa aeaoaeueii oacena
no?iaie iai?a?uaiinoe, eioi?ue yaeyaony oeaio?aeueiui noa?aeiai
aeieiae/aneie iaoee i iuoeaiee ia aaca eneonnoaaiiie aeecie.
Caeeth/aiea.
Oae eae ooieoeeiiaeeci aue ii?aaeaeai eae iaiea?oaceaineay oai?ey
?acoia, a ea/anoaa eiio?anoa ae i?ioeaiiinoaaeythony a?enoioaeaaneea
eiioeaiooaeueiua ?aiee. I?iecaiaeeony ?anniio?aiea n a?enoioaeaaneie
oi/ee c?aiey iao/iie iaeanoe, ioiinyuaeny e eneonnoaaiiie aeecie.
Nae/an yaeyaony iau/iui aeey ooieoeeiiaeenoeeo oeeinioia ?acoia a
iaoo?aeenoe/aneie o?aaeeoeee niaaeeiyoue eaeath ooieoeee ?acoia n eaeaae
ooieoeee aea?aeiianeie yaiethoeee. N aea?aeienoeie oi/ee c?aiey ooieoeey
yaiethoeee , iai?eia?, /anoe aecoaeueiie nenoaiu eyaooee – ii?aaeaeyoue
ieuo a oi?iao ioo (aianoi oiai, /oiau ii?aaeaeyoue auno?i aeaeaeoueany
/a?iua oi/ee, ia eioi?ua ?aaae?oao iiaenenoaia), iioiio /oi yoi oi, aeey
/aai iiaenenoaia auea aua?aia a oa/aiee yaiethoeeiiiie enoi?ee eyaooee
(/ai ii?aaeaeyoue auno?i aeaeaeoueany /a?iua oi/ee, iaeioi?ua ec eioi?uo
ia yaeythony iooaie). Aeaeeii, iao i?yiie iaiaoiaeeiinoe niaaeeiaiey
ooieoeee iuoeaiey n yaiethoeeiiiuie ooieoeeyie, aeey oiai /oiau
ooieoeeiiaeeci niia ?aaioaoue. Iaeiaei, ooieoeeiiaeenou ioaeaeathony a
enoi/ieea aeey aiaeeyoeee a neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe ono?aiaiey oeeoeaiuo
ao?eaooia ooieoeee (o.a. iai?eia?, /oi ooieoeey /anoe aecoaeueiie
nenoaiu eyaooee – ii?aaeaeyoue auno?i aeaeaeoueany /a?iua oi/ee). Aeey
eneonnoaaiiuo nenoai – enoi/iee aiaeeyoeee naie enneaaeiaaoaee. Ooieoeee
eneonnoaaiiuo iauaeoia yoi oi, /oi caeiaeaii a ieo ?ac?aaio/eeaie.
A aeaiiie ?aaioa auee ?anniio?aiu iniiaiua oaiaeaioeee ?acaeoey
oeeinioee a iaeanoe eneonnoaaiii eioaeeaeoa e eneonnoaaiiie aeecie, a
oii /enea ?acee/ea iaaeaeo i?oiaeienaeueiie iaoeie i iuoeaiee e
aeieiae/aneei iuoeaieai a aeaiiie iaeanoe oeeinioee. Ia?aay oyaioaao e
eaii?e?iaaieth aeieiae/aneeo niia?aaeaiee, a oi a?aiy eae iineaaeiaa
aea?aeeony ca iiaiea, /oi aeeciue e ?acoi ?acaeaeytho iauee iaai?
i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo naienoa. Auei ?anniao?aii i?aaeiieiaeaiea auaeaeaaaiia
nia?aiaiiuie oeeinioaie eiaieoeaenoaie, /oi eneonnoaaiiay aeeciue
yaeyaony eioaeeaeooaeueiui iioaioeeaeueiui aeaeaaoaeai iineaaeiaai. Auee
iieacaiu eiioeaiooaeueiua i?eioeeiu oaeie aeaeaeeiie eneonnoaaiiie
aeeciueth iaoee i iuoeaiee. Ia?auay iniaia aieiaiea ia ioiioaiea iaaeaeo
iae?iaeieiae/aneeie e aeioeie/aneeie oaiiiaiaie e iuoeaieai, iieacaii,
/oi ia?aoiae e ooieoeeiiaeecio a i?oiaeienaeueiie iaoea i iuoeaiee
iaania/eaaao iainii?eiia aeieacaoaeuenoai, /oi aeaiiia i?eaeeaeaiea
i?ienoaeaao ec ea?oaceaineiai ?anniio?aiey acaeiiioiioaiee iaaeaeo oaeii
e ?acoiii. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, ooiaeaiaioaeueiua caeeth/aiey
aeieiae/aneiai iiciaiey iiaeaea?aeeaatho ?aaeeeaeueii ioee/athueany
iauea oai?ee A?enoioaey. ?anniio?aii, eae eiioeaioeey naiii?aaiecaoeee –
aeaaiay oai?aoe/aneay eaeay eneonnoaaiiie aeecie – yaeyaony eeth/aaui
eaiiai iaia?enoioaeaaie iaoee aeieiae/aneiai iiciaiey.
Eeoa?aoo?a.
Aa?o?ai ?annae, «Enoi?ey caiaaeiie oeeinioee», Iiaineae?ne, ecae.
Iiaineae?neiai oieaa?neoaoa, 1997;
Oinna?iai O. Iae?ieiiiuethoa?iay oaoieea: Oai?ey e i?aeoeea. Ia?. N
aiae. – I.Ie?, 1992. – 240 n. ee. ISBN 5-03-002115-9
Zurada, J.M. (1992), Introduction To Artificial Neural Systems, Boston:
PWS Publishing Company, p. xv.
A. Eociaoeia, «Oeaeue aeecie», Eiiiuethoa??a, ?35 1997a., no?. 16-20.
Aristotle, «De Anima», electronic text.
R. Descartes, «Discourse on Method and the Meditations», electronic
text.
M. Wheeler, «Escaping from the Cartesian mind-set: Heidegger and
artificial life», electronic text.
M. Wheeler, «Cognition’s Coming Home: the Reunion of Life and Mind»,
University of Oxford, 1996.
E. Prem, «Epistemic Autonomy in Models of Living Systems», Austrian
Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence, 1997.
R. Lemmen, «Embodiment for Non-Cartesians», University of Sussex, 1995.
I. Harvey, «Evolving Robot Consciousness: The Easy Problems and the
Rest», University of Sussex, 1995.
L. Steels, «The origins of intelligence», Universiteit Brussel, 1996.
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