Ee?anueeee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea
Iaoeaiei THe?y Aieiaeeie??aia
OAeE 336.64;336.67
O?IAINIA? ?ANO?NE I?AeI?E?IIEOeUeEEO
NO?OEOO? oa aoaeoeai?noue ?o aeei?enoaiiy
08.04.01 – o?iaine, a?ioiaee ia?a ? e?aaeeo
Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai
nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo iaoe
Ee?a -1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? o?iain?a, a?ioiaiai ia?ao oa e?aaeeoo
Ee?anueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee : aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
Aaneeee Inoai Aeieo?iae/,
Ee?anueeee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea,
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e o?iain?a, a?ioiaiai ia?ao
oa e?aaeeoo.
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe : aeieoi? aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
TH??e Na?a?e ?ee?/,
Oa?iii?euenueea aeaaeai?y ia?iaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa,
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e o?iain?a.
Eaiaeeaeao aeiiii?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio
Aaeaei? ?aai ?aaiiae/,
Iaoeiai-aeine?aeiee o?iainiaee ?inoeooo i?e
I?i?noa?noa? o?iain?a Oe?a?ie,
canooiiee aee?aeoi?a.
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Ee?anueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee aeiiii?/iee oi?aa?neoao,
eaoaae?a o?iain?a i?aei?e?inoa ? no?aoiai? ni?aae, I?i?noa?noai
ina?oe, i.Ee?a.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “15” /a?aiy 1999 ?ieo i 14 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae.26.001.12 o Ee?anueeiio oi?aa?neoao?
?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea ca aae?anith: i.Ee?a, aoe. Aaneeuee?anueea, 90a,
aoae.704.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? Ee?anueeiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea, aoe.Aieiaeeie?nueea, 58, e.10.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “14” o?aaiy 1999 ?ieo.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
AEee?inueea I.?.
Caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. O?ainoi?iaoe?ei? i?ioeane o a?o/eciyi?e aeiiii?oe?,
ia?o ca ana, iicia/eeeny ia iaoai?ci? oi?ioaaiiy oa aeei?enoaiiy
o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ??cieo oi?i aeaniino? ?
iaoiiaeee iaiao?aei?noue iaoeiaiai aiae?co ? oai?aoe/iiai iaa?oiooaaiiy
iecee ieoaiue. Aeooaeuei?noue oaeeo i?iaeai iineeth?oueny oei oaeoii, ui
c ii/aoeo i?eaaoecaoe?? 56546 ainiiaea?nueeeo noa’?eo?a ci?ieee oi?io
aeaniino?, o oiio /ene? caaaeueiiaea?aeaaio – 14909, eiioiaeueio –
41637, ?c ieo oeyoii i?iaeaaeo aeoe?e a?aee?eoeo aeoe?iia?ieo oiaa?enoa
– 8927, ui coiiaeth? iaiao?aei?noue oai?aoe/iiai inieneaiiy oeyo?a
aaeaioaoe?? iaoai?cio o?iainiaiai caaacia/aiiy noa’?eo?a
ainiiaea?thaaiiy aei no/anieo oiia.
Noaiiaeua, ui neeaeiny, ia’?eoeaii aeiaaa? iiaeo i?aeoiae?a aei
oi?ioaaiiy oa aeei?enoaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a ? iai?yi?a i?aeoe/ii?
?aae?caoe?? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e uiaei aeoea?caoe?? ?ie? o?iainiaeo
?ino?oiaio?a o nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo i?ioeanao, ia?aaeon?i oeo, ui
noinothoueny o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a ye iaoa??aeueii? iniiae o?iain?a ?
iaoiaeo i?aeo?eiaiiy aa?o?nieo iae?iaeiiii?/ieo i?iii?oe?e o e?a?i?.
O a?o/eciyi?e iaoeia?e e?oa?aoo?? aeaia i?iaeaiaoeea ia ciaeoea
eiiieaeniiai iaa?oiooaaiiy, oiae? ye o ca?oa?aei?e – iioae?eiaaii cia/io
e?euee?noue i?aoeue c ieoaiue oi?ioaaiiy oa aeei?enoaiiy o?iainiaeo
?ano?n?a. Aei ieo aa?oi a?aeianoe ?iaioe Ae.A.Aeeaoaa?aeyia,
?.A.Aaaoenyia, A.A.Aaca?iai?, A.I.A??iaia, ?.I.Aicianainueeiai,
I.I.Aieoenueeiai, I.I.Aieeiaa, A.I.Aaeaia, A.I.Aeuey/aiea,
E.I.Ae?iaic?ii?, I.I.AEaaoyea, ?.A.Ei?i??ai?, E.I.Eyiaei, E.I.Iaaeiai?,
A.N.Iaaeiaa, A.A.Iaineiaa, A.I.?aae?iiiai?, A.E.Nai/aaiaa, I.?.Oea/oe.
I?iaeaie ?ie? o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a i?aei?e?inoa a aeiiii?/i?e nenoai?
aea?aeaae aena?oeththoueny o i?aoeyo oe?a?inueeeo aeiiii?no?a
A.E.Aiae?ouaiea, A.I.Ai?iaethea, A.I.A?ao?oea, N.A.Aoeiaeinueeiai,
C.N.Aa?iae?y, I.Ae.Aaneeeea, A.I.Aa?oey, A.N.Aaeue/einueeiai,
?.?.Aaeaei?a, A.?.A?ooea, A.?.Aeaieeaiea, I.Ae.Ca?oae, A.?.Eaanithea,
I.?.Eino?ii?, A.?.E?aa/aiea, TH.I.Eaaaaeeinueeiai, ?.?.Eoe?iiaa,
A.I.Ii?ica, N.N.Inaaeoey, E.A.Iaaethe, I.?.Ieeei/aiea,
A.I.Iiaeae??ueia?ia, A.I.I’yoa/aiea, I.N.?aaeuee?ia, I.?.Naaeoea,
I.?.Neaoeuenueeiai, ?.A.Oea/oe, A.I.Oaaeiniaa, A.A.Oieoia, N.?.TH??y oa
?ioeo. O iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiiyo oeeo aeiiii?no?a ciaeoee
a?aeia?aaeaiiy ie?ai? aniaeoe nooiino? ? ?ie? o?iain?a oa o?iainiaeo
?ano?n?a, ?o aieea ia aeiiii?eo ye o iaaeao ie?aieo ainiiaea?thth/eo
noa’?eo?a, oae ? ia iae?iaeiiii?/iiio ??ai?.
Aiaeii/an, iaaeinoaoiuei aeine?aeaeai? i?eioeeie oa iaoiaee oi?ioaaiiy ?
aeei?enoaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? a oiiaao
ia?aoiaeo aei ?eieo, ?o o/anoue o oi?ioaaii? caaaeueiiaea?aeaaieo
oiiae?a o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a oa aieea ia oaiie e i?iii?oe?? ?icaeoeo
aeiiii?ee. Naia oe? ianoaaeie aecia/eee aea?? oaie aeena?oaoe?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy, iaoiiaeee eiai oai?aoe/io ? i?aeoe/io oe?ii?noue.
CA’ssCIE ?IAIOE C IAOEIAEIE I?IA?AIAIE, IEAIAIE, OAIAIE. ?ic?iaee,
aeeiiaii aaoi?ii o iaaeao eiiieaenii? iaoeiai? oaie AeEIO Oe?a?ie
“I?eioeeie iiaoaeiae athaeaeaoii? nenoaie Oe?a?ie”, oeo?
05.05.01./033A-95/, ui ?ic?iaeyeany eaoaae?ith o?iain?a, a?ioiaiai
ia?ao oa e?aaeeoo Ee?anueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea, a
oaeiae ie?aieo ?icae?e?a iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue ii aeeiiaiith
eiiieaenii? oaie “Noaiiaeaiiy o?iainiai? nenoaie Oe?a?ie ? o?iainiaa
noaa?e?caoe?y”, ui aeeiioaaeany o Iaoeiai-aeine?aeiiio o?iainiaiio
?inoeooo? i?e I?i?noa?noa? o?iain?a Oe?a?ie.
IAOA ? CAAeA*? AeINE?AeAEAIIss iieyaathoue o aea/aii? oai?aoe/ieo
iieiaeaiue oa i?aeoe/ieo aniaeo?a oi?ioaaiiy oa aeei?enoaiiy o?iainiaeo
?ano?n?a noa’?eo?a ainiiaea?thaaiiy, aecia/aiiy iniiaieo iai?yie?a
aaeineiiaeaiiy o?iainiaiai caaacia/aiiy a oiiaao o?ainoi?iaoe??
aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie c iaoith i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ?iaioe
i?aei?e?inoa, ui ci?ieee oi?io aeaniino?.
Aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe iio?aaoaaei ae??oaiiy oaeeo caaea/:
aea/aiiy iniaeeainoae oi?ioaaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a i?aei?e?inoa
caeaaeii a?ae ?o i?aaiecaoe?eii-i?aaiaeo oi?i ainiiaea?thaaiiy;
aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioeano oi?ioaaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a aeey
iaa?oiooaaiiy oeyo?a ?icoe?aiiy aeaea?ae iia?e?caoe?? eioo?a;
aecia/aiiy aieeao o?iainiaeo a?aeiinei c athaeaeaoii ia no?oeoo?o ?
aeei?enoaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?;
?ic?iaea iioei?caoe?eii? iiaeae? oi?ioaaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a a oiiaao
noaiiaeaiiy o?iainiaiai ?eieo a Oe?a?i?;
iaa?oiooaaiiy ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e uiaei aaeineiiaeaiiy no?oeoo?e o?iainiaeo
?ano?n?a i?aei?e?inoa.
I?aaeiaoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? o?iainia? a?aeiineie o ae?iaie/?e noa??,
iia’ycai? ?c noai?aiiyi ? aeei?enoaiiyi oiiae?a o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a.
Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy aenooiathoue iaoiaee aeei?enoaiiy o?iain?a c
iaoith i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ae?iaieoeoaa.
?ioi?iaoe?eio aaco aeine?aeaeaiiy neeaaeathoue a?aeiia?aei? caeiiiaeaa/?
oa ii?iaoeai? aeieoiaioe, io?oe?ei? noaoenoe/i? iaoa??aee, e?oa?aoo?i?
aeaea?aea.
IAOEIAA IIAECIA IO?EIAIEO ?ACOEUeoAO?A iieyaa? a ianooiiiio:
canoinoaaiiy iiaeo i?aeoiae?a aei aecia/aiiy aeiiii?/ii? i?e?iaee ?
i?ecia/aiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a aeaei ciiao iaa?oiooaaoe ?yae
oai?aoe/ieo iieiaeaiue, uiaei aaiethoe?eii? ?ie? o?iain?a o caaacia/aii?
ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa iaaea?aeaaii? oi?ie aeaniino?;
cae?eniaii eiiieaenia iaa?oiooaaiiy aieeao ci?ie oi?i aeaniino?
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ia ?icoe?aiiy iiaeeeainoae o caeo/aii?
iaiao?aeieo aeey cae?eniaiiy ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino? o?iainiaeo
?ano?n?a ?c ciai?oi?o oa aioo??oi?o aeaea?ae;
ocaaaeueiaiii aeina?ae oi?ioaaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeie no?oeoo?aie caeaaeii a?ae ?o i?aaiecaoe?eii –
i?aaiaeo oi?i oi?aae?iiy, iieacaii, ui c? ci?iith oi?i aeaniino?,
iiaeeeaino? iia?e?caoe?? o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a aeey cae?eniaiiy
i?aei?e?iieoeueei? ae?yeueiino? cia/ii ?icoe?ththoueny ? aeathoue ciiao
i?aei?e?inoaai naiino?eii ae??ooaaoe oeth i?iaeaio /a?ac caeo/aiiy
eioo?a ia oiiaeiaiio ?eieo oa ?eieo iiceeiaiai eai?oaeo;
ooi/iaii no?oeoo?o o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a ca ?aooiie ?icoe?aiiy aeaea?ae
iia?e?caoe?? o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a, ui ni?eyei ?ic?iaoe? ? iaa?oiooaaiith
iiaeo i?aeoiae?a aei aecia/aiiy o?iainiaiai noaio i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo
no?oeoo? ? eiai aieeao ia e?ioeaa? ainiiaea?nuee? ?acoeueoaoe;
?ic?iaeaii i?iiiceoe??, uiaei iioei?caoe?? no?oeoo?e aeaea?ae oi?ioaaiiy
o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a c iaoith i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ?o ainiiaea?nueei?
ae?yeueiino?, cai?iiiiiaai? iioei?caoe?ei? iiaeae? aeathoue ciiao o
eiaeiiio eiie?aoiiio aeiaaeeo ciaeoe iaea?eueo ni?eyoeea? oi?ie
iia?e?caoe?? eioo?a;
aeine?aeaeaii nenoaio aca?iia?aeiinei i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? c
athaeaeaoii ye i?e nieao? iiaeaoe?a, oae ? i?e io?eiaii? athaeaeaoieo
aneaioaaiue, ui aeaei i?aenoaao aeey iaa?oiooaaiiy aeeoa?aioe?aoe??
noaaie iiaeaoe?a o caeaaeiino? a?ae aaeocaaeo oiia oa oaoiieia?/iiai
??aiy ae?iaie/eo i?ioean?a.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Aeei?enoaiiy ?acoeueoao?a
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeanoue ciiao i?aeaeueoe aoaeoeai?noue ainiiaea?nueei?
ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa ca ?aooiie noai?aiiy ni?eyoeeaiai o?iainiaiai
ee?iaoo.
Aei ?acoeueoao?a, ui iathoue i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy, a?aeiinyoueny:
iaoiaee ioe?iee o?iainiaiai noaio i?aei?e?inoa, ui iiaeooue
aeei?enoiaoaaoeny i?e i?eeiyoo? oi?aae?inueeeo ??oaiue, ye ia ??ai?
ie?aii? ainiiaea?nueei? no?oeoo?e, oae ? a noeoiiino? i?aei?e?inoa
ie?aieo oi?i aeaniino? oa aeae?a ae?yeueiino?;
i?iiiceoe??, ui noinothoueny aaeineiiaeaiiy oi?i iia?e?caoe?? oa
iai?yie?a aeei?enoaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a, ciaeoee i?aeoe/ia
canoinoaaiiy ia i?aei?e?inoaao aeoe?iia?ii? oi?ie aeaniino? (AAO
??ee??anueeee ianei – ne? caaiae; CAO ”Aoaeiaona?a?n”, i.Ee?a; CAO
“Aei?no?ieeiieaeo”, i.Ee?a.);
i?iiiceoe?? uiaei aeeoa?aioe?aoe?? noaaie iiaeaoe?a, ?icoe?aiiy aace
iiiaeaoeoaaiiy ? cieaeaiiy iiaeaoeiaiai iaaaioaaeaiiy.
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy oe?iei aeei?enoiaothoueny a iaa/aeueiiio
i?ioean? i?e aeeeaaeaii? eo?n?a oa niaoeeo?n?a, cie?aia, “O?iaine
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?”oa “O?iainiaee iaiaaeaeiaio”.
INIAENOEE AIANIE CAeIAOAA*A:
aeyaeai? oaeoi?e aieeao ia i?ioean oi?ioaaiiy oa aoaeoeai?noue
aeei?enoaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?;
aecia/aia aeiiii?/ia i?e?iaea, ?ieue ? cia/aiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a.
O?iainia? ?ano?ne – ia’?eoeaii iaiao?aeiee aeaiaio a?aeoai?thaaeueieo
i?ioean?a, iathoue ca’ycie c ?ioeie aeiiii?/ieie eaoaai??yie oa
naiino?ei? oi?ie aieeao ia ?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?nueei-o?iainiai?
ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa;
aecia/ai? iniaeeaino? i?iyao o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a o caaacia/aii?
a?aeoai?thaaeueieo i?ioean?a o ia??iae o?ainoi?iaoe?? aeiiii?/ii?
nenoaie;
cai?iiiiiaaii eeaneo?eaoe?th o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a i?aei?e?inoa
aeoe?iia?ii? oi?ie aeaniino?;
iieacaii a?aei?iiino? o aeaea?aeao oi?ioaaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a
i?aei?e?inoa a caeaaeiino? a?ae ci?ie oi?ie aeaniino?. N?oeoo?a
o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a i?aei?e?inoa iaaea?aeaaii? oi?ie aeaniino? ? a?eueo
iia?eueiith, aeanoe/iith, ia? cia/ii aeuee ??aaiue aieeao ia e?ioeaa?
?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa. ?nio?
iiaeeea?noue naiino?eii ae??ooaaoe ieoaiiy i?i ?icoe?aiiy aeaea?ae
o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a ca ?aooiie ca?eueoaiiy aeanieo oa caeo/aieo eio?a.
AI?IAAOe?ss ?ACOEUeOAO?A AeENA?OAOe??. ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy ii?eethaeiaii ia can?aeaiiyo eaoaae?e o?iain?a, e?aaeeoo
? a?ioiaiai ia?ao oa iaoiaeieia?/iiio nai?ia?? ani??aio?a Ee?anueeiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea; iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? “O?iaine
Oe?a?ie i?e ia?aoiae? aei ?eieo: oai??y ? i?aeoeea” o Aieeinueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? ?i. Ean? Oe?a?iee; iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe??
i?enay/ai?e 160-??//th Ee?anueeiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea;
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? i?ioani?nueei-aeeeaaeaoeueeiai neeaaeo
Iieoaanueeiai eiiia?aoeaiiai ?inoeoooo.
Iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aeei?enoiaothoueny a iaa/aeueiiio
i?ioean? i?e aeeeaaeaii? eo?n?a “O?iaine i?aei?e?inoa” oa “O?iainiaee
iaiaaeaeiaio”.
IOAE?EAOe??. C oaie aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 6 ?ia?o caaaeueiei ianyaii
2,2 ae?oeiaaieo a?eoo?a / a oiio /ene? o ni?aaaoi?noa? – 0,2
ae?oe.a?e./.
Ianya oa no?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y aeeeaaeaia ia 202
noi??ieao ae?oeiaaiiai oaenoo, i?noeoue 42 oaaeeoe? ? 10 ?enoie?a.
Neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, o?ueio ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo
aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae (160aeaea?ae) ? aeiaeaoe?a.
No?oeoo?a ?iaioe
ANOOI
?icae?e 1. Aeiiii?/ia i?e?iaea oa i?ecia/aiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a
Oai?aoe/i? iniiae ooieoe?iioaaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a.
No?oeoo?a o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a.
O?iainia? ?ano?ne a oiiaao ?eieiai? o?ainoi?iaoe??
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?.
Aeniiaee aei ia?oiai ?icae?eo.
?icae?e 2. I?aai?caoe?ei? oa iaoiaee/i? iniiae oi?ioaaiiy o?iainiaeo
?ano?n?a
2.1. Aeani? o?iainia? ?ano?ne i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?.
2.2. Iia?e?caoe?y o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a ?c caeo/aieo aeaea?ae.
2.3. Iioei?caoe?y aeaea?ae oi?ioaaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a.
Aeniiaee aei ae?oaiai ?icae?eo.
?icae?e 3. O?iainiaa caaacia/aiiy ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino?
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?
3.1. O?iainiaa ?aaoethaaiiy e?oaiia?ao ae?iaie/eo oiiae?a.
3.2. Aca?iia?aeiineie i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? c athaeaeaoii oa
?ioeie o?iainiaeie ?inoeoooaie.
3.3. Iniiai? iai?yiee i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aeei?enoaiiy
o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a.
Aeniiaee aei o?aoueiai ?icae?eo.
Aeniiaee
NIenIE AEEI?ENOAIeo aeaea?ae
AeIAeAOEE
Iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe
Ae??oaiiy iniiaieo caaaeaiue ?iaioe, aecia/aieo iaoith ? caaea/aie
aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaiiy, cae?eniaii ia iniia? ?ic?iaee ianooiieo
a?oi i?iaeai.
Ia?oa a?oia i?iaeai, aeine?aeaeaieo o ?icae?e? “Aeiiii?/ia i?e?iaea oa
i?ecia/aiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a”, noino?oueny anoaiiaeaiiy oiai, ui
caaaeueiith i?iaeaiith aeey i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? i?e ia?aoiae?
aei ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee ? iino?eia ianoa/a aeanieo o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a. C
iaeyaeo ia oea iaiao?aeii aecia/eoe oaeee iioeiaeueiee noai o?iainiaeo
?ano?n?a oa iai?yiee aoaeoeaiiai ?o aeei?enoaiiy, i?e yeiio noa’?eoe
ainiiaea?thaaiiy, a?eueii iaiaa?oth/e aeanieie ? caeo/aieie eiooaie,
iiaeooue caaacia/oaaoe aacia?a?aiee i?ioean ae?iaieoeoaa oa ?aae?caoe??
i?iaeoeoe?? e nai?/anii ?ic?aoiaoaaoeny ca nai?ie ciaia’ycaiiyie. Oiiae
cae?eniaiiy ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino? ia’?eoeaii aeiaaathoue
iayaiino? oiiae?a o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a, ye? neeaaeathoue iaoa??aeueio
iniiao ooieoe?iioaaiiy o?iain?a.
Aaaeeea?noue ? aeooaeuei?noue ?o aeine?aeaeaiiy iiynith?oueny oei, ui
oi?ioaaiiy oa aeei?enoaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a cae?enith?oueny ia aeaio
??aiyo: aea?aeaaiiio oa ia ??ai? i?aei?e?inoa. O?iaine
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?, ye aaaeeeaa neeaaeiaa o?iainiai? nenoaie
aea?aeaae, caeiathoue i??i?eoaoia noaiiaeua, ine?eueee ianeoaiaothoue
i?ioean noai?aiiy, ?iciiae?eo, ia?a?iciiae?eo oa e?ioeaaiai niiaeeaaiiy
aaeiaiai aioo??oiueiai i?iaeoeoo.
O aeena?oaoe?? niaoeeo?ea ooai?aiiy ? aeei?enoaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a
i?aei?e?inoa aecia/a?oueny ye oaea, ui coiiaeaia ?nioth/eie oi?iaie
aeaniino? oa a?aeiineiaie ?iciiae?eo. Aanue /an, ia?aaoaath/e o ?on?,
o?iainia? ?ano?ne i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ci?iththoue naith oi?io,
ia ao?a/athoue ci?noo, cina?aaeaeothoueny o ??cieo aeaeao oiiae?a oa
aeei?enoiaothoueny ca i?ecia/aiiyi. ?ici?? oa no?oeoo?a aeaea?ae
oi?ioaaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? aecia/a?
iiaeeeaino? ?icoe?aiiai a?aeoai?aiiy, caaacia/o? o?iainiao no?ee?noue oa
ieaoini?iiiaei?noue, aieeaa? ia oi?ioaaiiy iai?ioieo aeoea?a oa iniiaieo
oiiae?a.
O ?iaio? aeyaeaii oaeoi?e aieeao ia oi?ioaaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?, na?aae yeeo aaoi? aeae?ey? aeaee
ae?yeueiino? oa i?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaia? oi?ie ainiiaea?thaaiiy, ui
iaoiiaethoue iniaeeaino? ?o aeei?enoaiiy. Iacaeaaeii a?ae oi?i
aeaniino?, oiia oa iaoiae?a ainiiaea?thaaiiy o?iainia? ?ano?ne iiaeooue
iaeii/anii aenooiaoe ia’?eoii oa ?ino?oiaioii oi?aae?iiy.
Oaeei /eiii, ci ci?iith oi?i aeaniino? ?icoe?ththoueny aeaea?aea
oi?ioaaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a aeey cae?eniaiiy ainiiaea?nueei?
ae?yeueiino? /a?ac iia?e?caoe?th eioo?a ia oiiaeiaiio ?eieo, oeyoii
aeioneo oe?iieo iaia??a. Oaea neooaoe?y coiiaeth? a?eueo aoaeoeaia
aeei?enoaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a, ui i?iyaey?oueny o aeieeiaii?
ciaia’ycaiue ia?aae ?iaanoi?aie c i?eaiaeo aeieaoe aeioiae?a.
O aeena?oaoe?? e?eoe/ii i?iaiae?ciaaii e?oa?aoo?i? aeaea?aea c i?iaeaie
oi?ioaaiiy oa aeei?enoaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a ? a?aecia/aii, ui ia?nio?
/?oeiai aecia/aiiy iiiyooy o?iainia? ?ano?ne. Iaoiio ?icoi?iith noo?
o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a a?aeiia?aea? aecia/aiiy, ca?aeii yeiai ocaaaeueiaii
o?iainia? ?ano?ne iiaeia ?icaeyaeaoe ye a?ioia? eiooe, caeo/ai? a
ainiiaea?nueeee iai?io i?aei?e?inoaa ?c ??cieo aeaea?ae, noi?iiaaieo
i?ae aieeaii i?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaiaeo oi?i ainiiaea?thaaiiy, i?ecia/aieo
aeey iie?eooy eiai aeanieo iio?aa.
?acoeueoaoii oai?aoe/iiai aiae?co aeiiii?/ii? i?e?iaee o?iainiaeo
?ano?n?a ? cai?iiiiiaaia o ?iaio? eeaneo?eaoe?y aeaea?ae oi?ioaaiiy
o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a ?en.1.
Ae?o/ea a?ae ?aae?caoe?? = Nia?aa?o?noue + I?eaooie
?en.1. Aeaea?aea oi?ioaaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo
no?oeoo?.
Iniiaith oi?ioaaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ?
aeani? o?iainia? ?ano?ne, na?aae yeeo i?eaooie aecia/a?oueny iaeiei ?c
ae??aeo aeaea?ae ?aaeueiiai ?o iiiiaiaiiy. I?eaooie aeieea? a
?acoeueoao? ?iciiae?eo oa ia?a?iciiae?eo aeioiae?a ? yaey? niaith
/anoeio iiainoai?aii? aa?oino?, ae?iaeaii?, ?aae?ciaaii? ? aioiai? aei
?iciiae?eo.
A oiiaao noaiiaeaiiy ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee, iniiaith oni?oiiai
ooieoe?iioaaiiy i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ? caaeainiaai?noue eiai
o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a, i?ioa, ye aeine?aeaeaii a aeena?oaoe??, ?o
no?oeoo?a iino?eii ci?ith?oueny i?ae aieeaii ??ciiiai?oieo oaeoi??a
oaaeeoey 1.
Oaaeeoey 1.
Neeaae ? no?oeoo?a o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? o 1991-1997 ??.
Iieacieee Ie?ae.e?a Ie?ae.a?i.
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
O?iainia? ?ano?ne i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?, anueiai
173,9
2803,6
93917,5
44116,4
2230528,3
24,4
30,6
o o./. i?eaooie 89,7 2275,6 78790,3 371883,5 1880223,0 13,9 14,8
aii?oecaoe?ei? a?ae?aooaaiiy
14,8
157,9
4097,0
10106,7
220762,6
0,9
1,0
?io? aeioiaee 38,2 232,9 8209,6 40561,2 100320,0 1,2 1,1
e?aaeeoe aaie?a 31,2 173,2 8209,6 1685,0 28818,2 0,5 0,4
Ieoiia aaaa o o?iainieao ?ano?nao i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo n?oeoo?, %
i?eaooeo
21,6
81,2
83,9
84,3
84,3
56,9
48,3
aii?ecaoe?eieo a?ae?aooaaiue
8,5
5,6
4,4
2,3
9,9
3,7
3,4
?ioeo aeioiae?a 22,0 8,3 8,7 9,2 4,5 0,5 3,7
e?aaeeo?a aaie?a 17,9 4,9 3,0 4,2 1,3 1,9 1,3
Iaaaaeai? o oaaeeoe? aeai? na?ae/aoue i?i oa, ui iniiaio /anoeio
o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a noaiiaeoue i?eaooie, /anoea yeiai, ii/eiath/e c 1991
?ieo aei 1995 ?ieo, iaea no?eeo oaiaeaioe?th aei c?inoaiiy – o 1991
?ioe? oeae iieaciee neeaaeaa 21,6 %, a o ia??iae c 1994 ii 1995 ??e
aeinyaioa ??aiy 84,3 %, o 1996 ieoiia aaaa i?eaooeo oi/ ? cieceeanue,
i?ioa aoea aeinoaoiuei aenieith – 56,9 %, a aaea o 1997 ?ioe? aeaiee
iieaciee cia/ii iiieceany ? neeaaeaa 48,3 %.
Iii?oia cieaeaiiy e ?ioeo iieaciee?a aeioiae?a aei 0,5% o 1996 ?ioe?
i?ioe 17,9% o 1991 ?ioe? oa aii?oecaoe?eieo a?ae?aooaaiue aei 3,4
a?aenioea o 1997 ?ioe? i?ioe 9,9% o 1995. Oae? no?oeoo?i? c?ooaiiy o
neeaae? o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? a?aeaoeeny i?ae
aieeaii c?inoaiiy ieoiii? aaae eioo?a, caeo/aieo ?c ciai?oi?o aeaea?ae,
?, a ia?oo /a?ao, /anoee e?aaeeoi?nueei? caai?aiaaiino?, yea ni?e/eieea
nenoaio iaieaoaae?a oa i?ecaiaeeoue aei cieaeaiiy ?iaanoeoe?eieo
iiaeeeainoae i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?.
Ia i?aenoaa? aeaoaeueiiai aiae?co aecia/aii oaeoi?e aieeao ia i?ioean
oi?ioaaiiy ?acoeueoao?a ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino? (i?eaooie aai
caeoie), aei /enea yeeo iiaeia a?aeianoe – oe?iiaee ? cao?aoiee, a,
caeaaeii a?ae oiia ?eieiaiai na?aaeiaeua – aioo??oi? oa caaaeuei?.
Iiaeeeaino? aaeineiiaeaiiy i?ioeano oi?ioaaiiy aeanieo oa caeo/aieo
o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a aeiaaathoue aeine?aeaeaiiy e ia’?eoeaii? ioe?iee
noaoenoe/ieo aeaieo, ui noaei iniiaith ae?oai? a?oie i?iaeai, ?ice?eoeo
o ?icae?e? “I?aai?caoe?ei? oa iaoiaee/i? iniiae oi?ioaaiiy o?iainiaeo
?ano?n?a”. O?iainia? ?ano?ne i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? iathoue
niaoeeo?/io i?aai?caoe?eio iniiao. sse iieacaii a aeena?oaoe??,
i?aai?caoe?eiith iniiaith aaaaea?oueny ae?th/a caeiiiaeaanoai. I?eeiyooy
iecee caeiiiaeaa/eo aeo?a Oe?a?ie, ui ?aaoeththoue
ainiiaea?nueei-o?iainiao ae?yeuei?noue i?aei?e?inoa, ?, a ia?oo /a?ao,
caeii?a:”I?i aeani?noue”, “I?i i?aei?e?iieoeoai”, “I?i i?aei?e?inoaa a
Oe?a?i?”, “I?i ainiiaea?nuee? oiaa?enoaa”, ? a?aeiia?aeii ia ?o iniia?
ii?iaoeaieo aeo?a o?yaeo oa ?ioeo oi?aae?inueeeo no?oeoo?, aeaei ciiao
i?aei?e?iieoeueeei no?oeoo?ai naiino?eii ?icii?yaeaeaoeny ?ano?naie,
ieaioaaoe aeanio ainiiaea?nueei-o?iainiao ae?yeuei?noue, noai?thaaoe oa
caaacia/oaaoe iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/io aaco, o?iainoaaoe cao?aoe ii
?icoe?aiith ae?iaieoeoaa. Aeey i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? oaea oi?ia
i?aai?caoe?? o?iain?a a oiiaao ia?ao?aeii? aeiiii?ee ? iiaith. Aiia
iinoaaeea ia?aae o?iainaie i?aei?e?inoa ieceo i?iaeai – i?iaiicoaaiiy,
oi?ioaaiiy oa aeei?enoaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a. I?aai?caoe?ei? iniiae
ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ni?eyee ii?aoethaaiith iaoiae?a
oi?ioaaiiy oa aeei?enoaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a.
O ?iaio? aeiaaaeaii, ui o?iainoaaiiy ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo
no?oeoo? iaeiaeiaith i??ith caeaaeeoue a?ae noaio ye aeanieo, oae ?
caeo/aieo o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a, ye? a naith /a?ao o?nii aca?iicaeaaei?.
I?ioa, oea ia icia/a?, ui aiie iiaeooue cai?ithaaoeny. Oae, o no/anieo
oiiaao cia/ieo ci?i caciaa i?ioean oi?ioaaiiy aeanieo eioo?a, iaeiae
aeaea?aea ?o ia ci?ieeeny – noaoooiee oiiae, aii?oecaoe?ei?
a?ae?aooaaiiy, aaeiaee aeio?ae oa i?eaooie.
Aaeineiiaeeoe i?ioean oi?ioaaiiy i?eaooeo i?aei?e?iieoeueeei no?oeoo?ai
iiaeeeai ca ?aooiie: ?noioiiai nei?i/aiiy aeo?ao ia ae?iaie/iai
oa?aeoa?o (i?aaenoaaieoeueeeo aeo?ao, aeo?ao ia a?ae?yaeaeaiiy, iineoae
ca”yceo, aeo?ao ia i?aiaeo iaae?iaie/eo i?ei?uaiue oiui); a?aeiiae a?ae
?aca?aoaaiiy eioo?a ia iie?eooy aeo?ao iaeaooi?o ia??iae?a;
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ?aeeiiai iaoiaeo aecia/aiiy ?aae?caoe?? i?iaeoeoe??.
I?iiiio?oueny ae??oeoe i?iaeaio aecia/aiiy iiiaioo ?aae?caoe??
i?iaeoeoe?? /a?ac canoinoaaiiy iaoiaeeee, ui ia?aaeaa/a? iiaiee
?ic?aooiie oa ia?aaea/o i?aa aeaniino? ia oiaa?e, ?iaioe oa iineoae ?
?eceee, iia’ycai? ?c ?o aeinoaaeith.
Ia iaio aaaeeeaei aeaea?aeii iiiiaiaiiy aeanieo o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a. ye
oea a?aecia/aii a aeena?oaoe??, ? aii?oecaoe?y. Iaeiae, o no/anieo
oiiaao ainiiaea?thaaiiy aiia ao?aoeea ?aaeueio iiaeeea?noue aieeaaoe ia
i?aeaeuaiiy ?acoeueoao?a ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo
no?oeoo?, /a?ac a?aenooi?noue /?oei? aii?oecaoe?eii? iie?oeee a
aea?aeaa?, yea ia ni?ey? iaeiie/aiith aeinoaoi?o eioo?a aeey iiaiiai
a?aeoai?aiiy iniiaieo ae?iaie/eo oiiae?a. I?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy
iieacaee, ui aii?oecaoe?y a?aeia?aaea? eeoa nooi?iue ciino iniiaieo
oiiae?a. Eiooe aii?oecaoe?eiiai oiiaeo, ca oe?eueiaei i?ecia/aiiyi,
aeei?enoiaothoueny eeoa i?aei?e?inoaaie aea?aeaaii? oi?ie aeaniino?.
I?aei?e?inoaa iaaea?aeaaieo oi?i aeaniino? cae?eniththoue a?aeoai?aiiy
iniiaieo cania?a ca ?aooiie i?eaooeo, ui caeeoa?oueny a ?o
?icii?yaeaeaii? i?ney nieaoe iaia’yceiaeo ieaoaae?a.
A ?iaio? aeiaaaeaii iaiao?aei?noue aea?aeaaiiai ?aaoethaaiiy i?ioeano
oi?ioaaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a o oeo aaeocyo i?iieneiaino?, aea
iia??oaiiy iieaciee?a ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino? ia caeaaeeoue a?ae
ae?? aioo??oi?o oaeoi??a. A?aoiaioiaaii, ui iaei??th c oi?i aea?aeaaiiai
?aaoethaaiiy ? iaaeaiiy athaeaeaoieo noaneae?e oa aeioaoe?e. *a?ac aieea
oaoi?/ieo, oaoiieia?/ieo oa i?e?iaei?o oiia aeieeathoue ianoaaeie, ye?
ia aeicaieythoue i?aei?e?iieoeueeei no?oeoo?ai i?aoethaaoe ?aioaaaeueii
? aeo?eioaaoe ?eieiao eiieo?aioe?th. Oiio e?eciaa noaiiaeua a oaeeo
aaeocyo, ye n?euenueea ainiiaea?noai, aoa?eueia i?iieneia?noue,
iaoeiiaoaeoaaiiy ia iiaeia iiaeieaoe aac aeiiiiiae c aieo aea?aeaae,- ca
?aooiie athaeaeaoieo eioo?a cae?enith?oueny o?iainoaaiiy eai?oaeueieo
aeeaaeaiue, a oiio /ene? iiaea?i?cothoueny oa ia?ainiauothoueny
ae?iaieoeoaa.
Iaiao?aeii iaaieineoe ia oiio, ui aaaeeeaei iai?yieii ?iaioe
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? o aaeoc? ?iciiae?eue/eo a?aeiinei ?
o?iainiaa caaacia/aiiy i?ioeano ?icoe?aiiai a?aeoai?aiiy ca ?aooiie
?icoe?aiiy aeanieo aeaea?ae o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a. Aaaeeeai, uia
aea?aeaaa, /a?ac ?aaoethaaiiy athaeaeaoii? nenoaie, aeaaaea
iiaeeea?noue ?icaeaaoeny i?aei?e?inoaai, a ia eeoa niea/oaaoe iiaeaoee.
Aeioe?eueii, iaeiei ?c iai?yie?a ae?yeueiino? athaeaeaoii? nenoaie
ai?iaaaeeoe athaeaeaoia e?aaeeooaaiiy aaeocae i?iieneiaino? /a?ac
ioi?ieaiiy iiaeaoeiai? caai?aiaaiino? eacia/aenueeeie aaenaeyie ?c
no?ieii iiaaoaiiy ia a?eueoa iaeiiai ?ieo. Caaaeii oea ni?eyoeia
aeiaeaoeiaiio caeo/aiith eioo?a aei Aea?aeaaiiai athaeaeaoo o aeaeyae?
ieaoe ca ei?enooaaiiy athaeaeaoieie eiooaie.
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aeiaiaeyoue, ui a oiiaao e?aaeeoii?
iaiaaeaiino? aaie?anueei? nenoaie, i?aei?e?iieoeuee? no?oeoo?e ciooai?
naiino?eii ae??ooaaoe ieoaiiy iiiiaiaiiy ia?aiaeo eioo?a ca ?aooiie
ciai?oiueiai caeo/aiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a. C?inoaiiy e?aaeeoi?nueei?
caai?aiaaiino? i?eaaei a?eueo?noue i?aei?e?inoa aei ne?ooiiai noaiiaeua,
ui iicia/eeiny ia ?o ieaoini?iiiaeiino?. Oaeee o?iainiaee noai
a?aeooiaoo? iioaioe?eieo e?aaeeoi??a a?ae aeeaaeaiiy eioo?a o ?icaeoie
ae?iaieoeoaa, aea iai?ioi?noue eioo?a aeineoue iecueea ii??aiyiii c
oi?a?aeath oa a?iiaaenueeei oa?/oaaiiyi, a eiia??i?noue io?eiaiiy
i?eaooeo iaeaea a?aenooiy.
O ?iaio? aeine?aeaeaii ca?oi? aeai? iecee i?aei?e?inoa ??cieo oi?i
aeaniino?, iaa?oioiaaii aeniiaee uiaei eioo?a, caeo/aieo
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeie no?oeoo?aie ia ?eieo iiceeiaiai eai?oaeo. ?o ieoiia
aaaa iino?eii c?inoa?, ui na?ae/eoue i?i a?aenooi?noue iiaeeeaino?
nai?/anii ?ic?aoiaoaaoeny ca nai?ie ciaia’ycaiiyie. Iniaeeai i?eaa?oa?
oaaao c?inoaiiy e?aaeeoi?nueei? caai?aiaaiino? ca i?ino?i/aieie
?ic?aooieaie, ui iiynith?oueny niaaeii ianya?a ae?iaieoeoaa oa
?ioeyoe?eieie i?ioeanaie.
I?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy ca?oieo aeaieo ?yaeo i?aei?e?inoa acooo?ai?
aaeoc? eaaei? i?iieneiaino? aeaee iiaeeea?noue iaa?oiooaaoe aeniiaee
uiaei nei?i/aiiy e?aaeeoi?nueei? oa aeaa?oi?nueei? caai?aiaaiinoae,
cie?aia, /a?ac: i?iaaaeaiiy ui??/ii? ?oiuei? ?iaaioa?ecaoe?? oa
aecia/aiiy ?? ?acoeueoao?a o a?aeiia?aeiino? aei iei? ae?th/eo
iieiaeaiue; nienaiiy caai?aiaaiinoae, ca yeeie ieioee no?iee iiceaii?
aeaaiino? ia ?acoeueoaoe ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino? (caai?aiaai?noue
ia?aae aea?aeaaieie onoaiiaaie niea/o?oueny aei athaeaeaoo).
Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy oaeeo caoiae?a aeanoue iiaeeea?noue nei?ioeoe
e?aaeeoi?nueeo oa aeaa?oi?nueeo caai?aiaai?noue ia 25-30 a?aenioe?a ?
caaacia/eoue ?ic?aooiee c aea?aeaaith.
Caaaeii, ne?ae oieeaoe ye iaeiio?ieueiaaii? e?aaeeoi?nueei?
caai?aiaaiino?, ui i?ecaiaeeoue aei iia??oaiiy ieaoini?iiiaeiino?
i?aei?e?inoa, oae ? iaaeeeoeiaeo aeanieo o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a, ui
iiaeooue niia?eueithaaoe ae?iaie/ee ?icaeoie /a?ac iaaei??ia
?aca?aoaaiiy iaeiie/aiue ? a?aeaie?eaiiy ?o ?c ae?iaie/iai i?ioeano.
Oiio, ye aeiaaaeaii o i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo, anoaiiaeaiiy
iioeiaeueiiai ni?aa?aeiioaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a aieeaa? ia ae??oaiiy
ieoaiiy i?aeaeuaiiy ?eieiai? aa?oino? i?aei?e?inoaa ? caeaaeeoue a?ae
iieaciee?a – /enoi? ?aioaaaeueiino? aeanieo eioo?a oa ii?ie ?iciiae?eo
i?eaooeo ia aeea?aeaiaee.
Aaaeeeaei iai?yiii aaeineiiaeaiiy i?ioeano oi?ioaaiiy o?iainiaeo
?ano?n?a ? canoinoaaiiy iaoiaeeee iioei?caoe?? o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?. Oea,
cie?aia, iaoiaeeee, i?eeiyo? a ca?oa?aei?e i?aeoeoe? (NOA), ye? iiaeooue
aooe ai?iaaaeaeai? ia a?o/eciyieo i?aei?e?inoaao eeoa ca iayaiino?
?icaeiaiiai ?eieo oe?iieo iaia??a, noaoenoeee i?i eiai ooieoe?iioaaiiy
oa i?ney i?iaaaeaiiy cia/ii? aaeaioeaii? ?iaioe, iia’ycaii? ?c
ai?iaaaeaeaiiyi i?aeia?iaeieo noaiaea?o?a iae?eo oa ca?oiino?.
O ?iaio? iaaaaeaia iaoiaeeea canoinoaaiiy na?aaeiueicaaaeaii? aa?oino?
o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a c iaoith aecia/aiiy i?i?ioio iiaa?iaiiy eioo?a,
aeeaaeaieo o ae?yeuei?noue i?aei?e?inoaa, ui iiaea aeei?enoiaoaaoeny
aeey ?ic?aooieo ?eieiai? aa?oino? i?aei?e?inoaa a oe?eiio. Aa?o?noue
aaainiaaieo o ainiiaea?nueeo ae?yeuei?noue eioo?a aecia/a?oueny ca
oi?ioeith:
V=(kjdj,
i
aea V- aa?o?noue aaainiaaiiai eai?oaeo;
kj- oe?ia ?-ai aeaea?aea eioo?a;
dj- ieoiia aaaa ?-ai aeaea?aea eioo?a a caaaeuei?e no?oeoo??.
Cacia/aia iaoiaeeea iiaea canoiniaoaaoeny ca oiiae aeei?enoaiiy
aeinoia??ii? ?ioi?iaoe?? i?i noai o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo
no?oeoo? oa ?o ?eieiao aa?o?noue.
O?aoy a?oia i?iaeai, ui ciaeoea aena?oeaiiy o ?icae?e? “O?iainiaa
caaacia/aiiy ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?”,
iieyaa? a iaa?oiooaaii? iaiao?aeiino? oi?ioaaiiy iniiaieo cania?a ca
?aooiie o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a, cie?aia, /a?ac o?iainiaa ?aaoethaaiiy
e?oaiia?ao ae?iaie/eo oiiae?a, nenoaio aca?iia?aeiinei
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? c athaeaeaoii oa ?ioeie o?iainiaeie
?inoeoooaie oa caaacia/aiiy o?iainiai? no?eeino?.
Iniiaiith iaoith ?aaoethaaiiy e?oaiia?ao ae?iaie/eo oiiae?a ? oi?ioaaiiy
iniiaieo cania?a ca ?aooiie o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a, iiina?aaeeiaaieo o
iniiaieo oiiaeao, oiiaeao oe?eueiaiai i?ecia/aiiy oa caeo/aieo eiooao,
ui ciaoiaeyoueny a cia/i?e caeaaeiino? a?ae niinia?a ? iaoiae?a ?o
oi?ioaaiiy, ooieoe?iioaaiiy oa ?icoe?aiiai a?aeoai?aiiy. Aeey oeueiai ia
ii/aoeiaiio aoai? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoaa aaeathoueny aei oi?ioaaiiy
iniiaieo oiiae?a, ca ?aooiie aeanieo eioo?a, ui ? /anoeiith noaoooiiai
oiiaeo. I?ioa, iaaecae/aeii iecueea ?iaanoeoe?eia aeoeai?noue aeanieo
oiaa?iae?iaiee?a ? i?aei?e?inoa, o?eaaea aeiiii?/ia e?eca, noaaiaoe?y
ae?iaieoeoaa, i?eoiaaia ?ioeyoe?y inoaii?ie ?ieaie i?ecaaee aei
i?aeoe/iiai i?ecoieiaiiy i?ioeano aioo??oiueiai eai?oaeiooai?aiiy.
O aeena?oaoe?? aeiaaaeaii, ui aeinyaiaiiy no?oeoo?ieo c?ooaiue iiaeeeai
caaacia/eoe, ia?aaeon?i, /a?ac ?aaoethaaiiy ii?i aii?oecaoe??.
A?aeiiaeaiiy iniiaieo ae?iaie/eo oiiae?a iiaeia cae?enithaaoe ca ?aooiie
iaa?iiaaeaeaieo eioo?a o oiiae? ae?iaie/iai ?icaeoeo. ?aae?caoe?y aeaii?
i?iiiceoe?? – ianeeaaeiee i?ioean, ui a?aeaoaaoeiaoueny o oi?i?
eai?oaeueieo aeeaaeaiue, /a?ac ye? caaa?oo?oueny ia o?eueee e?oaiia?a
aaainiaaii? ?ai?oa aa?oino?, aea e cae?enith?oueny aeiaeaoeiaa
?iaanooaaiiy eioo?a o ca’yceo c ?icoe?aiiyi ae?iaieoeoaa aeey iie?auaiiy
eiai iaoa??aeueii-oaoi?/ii? aace.
Canoinoaaiiy iaoiaeeee ?ioeyoe?eii-ei?eaoth/i? ia?aioe?iee iniiaieo oa
iai?ioieo oiiae?a i?aei?e?inoa, c iaeiiai aieo, ni?eyoeia ?aaeueiiio
a?aeia?aaeaiith ?o ?eieiai? aa?oino?, a c ?ioiai, iiiiaieoue aeaea?aea
oi?ioaaiiy aeanieo o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a.
O aeine?aeaeaii? ?icaeyiooi iiaeeeaino? oi?ioaaiiy iai?ioieo eioo?a ye
?c o?aaeeoe?eieo, oae ? iiaeo aeaea?ae, oi?ioaaiiy yeeo coiiaeaia
?icaeoeii ?eieiaeo a?aeiinei, cie?aia, /a?ac nenoaio iaaaie?anueeiai
e?aaeeooaaiiy oa ca ?aooiie i?eaooeo, ui caeeoa?oueny o ?icii?yaeaeaii?
i?aei?e?iieoeueei? no?oeoo?e. Canoinoaaiiy iaaaie?anueeiai e?aaeeooaaiiy
ni?eyoeia caeo/aiith aeiaeaoeiaeo eioo?a a iai?io i?aei?e?inoaa oa
i?enei?eoue eiai iai?ioi?noue.
Iniaeeao oaaao a ?iaio? caa?iaii ia nenoaio aca?iia?aeiinei
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? c athaeaeaoii. sse aeiaaaeaii o
aeena?oaoe??, iaiao?aeii aaeineiiaethaaoe ii?yaeie ?iciiae?eo i?eaooeo
a /anoei? /a?aiaino? ?ic?aooieo i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? c
athaeaeaoii ca iaia’yceiaeie ieaoaaeaie, oea coiiaeth? iaiao?aei?noue
aeiiii?/iiai iaa?oiooaaiiy ?ici??o noaaie iiaeaoe?a, ye? aenooiaee a
aa?aioii aeio?eiaiiy ieaoieeaie iiaeaoe?a ciaia’ycaiue ia?aae
aea?aeaaith oa iaeneiaeueii caaacia/eee iie?eooy ae?iaie/eo ?
nioe?aeueieo iio?aa i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ca ?aooiie i?eaooeo.
?acii c oei, o ?iaio? aeine?aeaeaii ii?yaeie ?ic?aooieo iiaeaoe?a oa
iaia’yceiaeo ieaoaae?a ?c i?eaooeo, ye? i?aei?e?iieoeuee? no?oeoo?e
niea/othoue aei aea?aeaaiiai athaeaeaoo: iiaeaoie ia i?eaooie; iiaeaoie
ia caieth; iiaeaoie c aeaniee?a o?ainii?oieo cania?a; ?io? iaia’yceia?
ieaoaae?.I?ae aieeaii ia?a?iciiae?eueieo i?ioean?a, iia’ycaieo c i?yiei
iiiaeaoeoaaiiyi i?aei?e?inoa, i?aeoe/ii, a on?o naeoi?ao aeiiii?ee
niinoa??aa?oueny cieaeaiiy ieoiii? aaae i?eaooeo, ui caeeoa?oueny o
?icii?yaeaeaii? i?aei?e?inoa i?ney nieaoe iiaeaoe?a oa iaia’yceiaeo
ieaoaae?a. Aaaaea?ii ca aeioe?eueia, c iaoith noeioethaaiiy a?o/eciyiiai
ae?iaieoeoaa, aaanoe oaeee ii?yaeie iiiaeaoeoaaiiy i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo
no?oeoo?, yeee ii iiaeeeaino? i?aeaeuoaaa ae ??aaiue ?o ae?eiai?
aeoeaiino?.
O aeena?oaoe?? i?iaiae?ciaaii iai?yiee aeei?enoaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a
c iaoith aecia/aiiy ?o aoaeoeaiino? oa caaacia/aiiy o?iainiai? no?eeino?
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?. Eiiieaeniee aiae?c iieaciee?a, ?ic?aoiaaieo
ia i?aenoaa? aeaieo o?iainiai? ca?oiino?, na?aae yeeo aeae?eythoue:
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy aeanieo eioo?a aei caaaeueiiai i?aenoieo aaeaino
(eiao?oe??io aaoiiii??), ui a?aeia?aaea?, yeith i??ith aeoeae
i?aei?e?inoaa noi?iiaai? ca ?aooiie aeanieo o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a;
eiao?oe??io o?iainoaaiiy, iieaco?, a yeiio ni?aa?aeiioaii? caeo/ai?
eiooe iiaeooue iie?eaaoeny aeanieie o?iainiaeie ?ano?naie;
eiao?oe??io caai?aiaaiino? aea? iiaeeea?noue aecia/eoe ieoiio aaao
caeo/aieo eioo?a o caaaeuei?e no?oeoo?? o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a ? aeyaeoe
caeaaei?noue i?aei?e?iieoeueei? no?oeoo?e a?ae aieeao ciai?oi?o
oaeoi??a;
eiao?oe??io aeiaain?ieiaiai o?iainoaaiiy a?aeia?aaea? ieoiio aaao
o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a, ni?yiiaaieo ia o?iainoaaiiy iniiaieo ae?iaie/eo
oiiae?a.
O cae?eniaiiio aeine?aeaeaii? anoaiiaeaii, ui eeoa ca oiiae nai?/aniiai
aeyaeaiiy iciae iiaeeeaiai iia??oaiiy o?iainiaai noaio, a iane?aeie
c?inoaiiy ieoiii? aaae caeo/aieo o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a, iiaeia oieeiooe
aaie?oonoaa i?aei?e?iieoeueei? no?oeoo?e. Aeaoaeueiee aiae?c iaoai?ci?a
iiia?aaeaeaiiy aaie?oonoaa aeaa iiaeeea?noue aecia/eoe caoiaee uiaei
iie?ioaiiy no?oeoo?e o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a.
Aeniiaee
I?iaaaeai? a aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? eiiieaeni? aeine?aeaeaiiy oi?ioaaiiy
o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a oa iai?yie?a aoaeoeaiiai ?o aeei?enoaiiy noaee
i?aenoaaith aeey io?eiaiiy iaoeiaeo ? i?aeoe/ieo ?acoeueoao?a, a naia:
Aecia/aii iniaeeaino? oi?ioaaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a i?aei?e?inoa o
caeaaeiino? a?ae ?o i?aai?caoe?eii-i?aaiaeo oi?i ainiiaea?thaaiiy oa
anoaiiaeaii iiaeeeaino? ?icoe?aiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a /a?ac caeo/aiiy
iaiao?aeieo aeey cae?eniaiiy ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino? eioo?a ?c
ciai?oi?o oa aioo??oi?o aeaea?ae.
Canoinoaaiiy iiaeo i?aeoiae?a aei aecia/aiiy aeiiii?/ii? i?e?iaee ?
i?ecia/aiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a aeaei ciiao iaa?oiooaaoe ieceo
oai?aoe/ieo iieiaeaiue uiaei aaiethoe?eii? ?ie? o?iain?a o caaacia/aii?
ainiiaea?nueei? ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa iaaea?aeaaii? oi?ie aeaniino?.
3. Cae?eniaii eiiieaenia iaa?oiooaaiiy aieeao ci?ie oi?i aeaniino?
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ia i?ioean oi?ioaaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a o
/anoei? ?icoe?aiiy aeaea?ae iia?e?caoe??; aeyaeaii, ui ?c ci?iith oi?i
aeaniino? iiaeeeaino? iia?e?caoe?? o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a aeey cae?eniaiiy
i?aei?e?iieoeueei? ae?yeueiino? cia/ii ?icoe?ththoueny ? aeathoue ciiao
i?aei?e?inoaai naiino?eii ae??ooaaoe aeaio i?iaeaio /a?ac caeo/aiiy
eioo?a ia oiiaeiaiio ?eieo oa ?eieo iiceeiaiai eai?oaeo.
Ooi/iaii no?oeoo?o o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a, ia i?aenoaa? yei? iaa?oioiaaii
iiaeeeaino? ?icoe?aiiy aeaea?ae iia?e?caoe?? o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a, ui
ciaeoei a?aeia?aaeaiiy o ?ic?iaoe? ? iaa?oiooaaii? iiaeo i?aeoiae?a aei
aecia/aiiy o?iainiaiai noaio i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? ? eiai aieeao
ia e?ioeaa? ainiiaea?nuee? ?acoeueoaoe.
Aeiaaa? caeiiiaeaa/iai a?aaoethaaiiy ieoaiiy aecia/aiiy iiiaioo
?aae?caoe?? i?iaeoeoe?? (oiaa??a, ?ia?o, iineoa). Aeiaaaeaii, ui a?eueo
aeioe?eueii iiiaio ?aae?caoe?? i?iaeoeoe?? (oiaa??a, ?ia?o oa iineoa)
aecia/aoe ca ?o oaeoe/iei a?aeaaioaaeaiiyi oa iieaoith, oea aeiaaa?
aianaiiy a?aeiia?aeii? ii?ie aei Caeiio Oe?a?ie “I?i iiiaeaoeoaaiiy
i?eaooeo i?aei?e?inoa”.
Aecia/aiiy aieeao o?iainiaeo a?aeiinei c athaeaeaoii ia no?oeoo?o ?
aeei?enoaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a i?aei?e?inoa. Aeine?aeaeaii nenoaio
aca?iia?aeiinei i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? c athaeaeaoii i?e nieao?
iiaeaoe?a aei athaeaeaoo, ui aeaei i?aenoaao aeey iaa?oiooaaiiy
aeeoa?aioe?aoe?? noaaie iiaeaoe?a o caeaaeiino? a?ae aaeocaaeo oiia oa
oaoiieia?/iiai ??aiy ae?iaie/eo i?ioean?a.
?ic?iaeaii i?iiiceoe?? uiaei iioei?caoe?? no?oeoo?e aeaea?ae oi?ioaaiiy
o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a c iaoith i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? ?o ainiiaea?nueei?
ae?yeueiino?, cai?iiiiiaai? iioei?caoe?ei? iiaeae? aeathoue ciiao o
eiaeiiio eiie?aoiiio aeiaaeeo ciaeoe iaea?eueo ni?eyoeea? oi?ie
iia?e?caoe?? eioo?a.
Nienie iioae?eiaaieo aaoi?ii i?aoeue
ca oaiith aeena?oaoe??
1.Iaoeaiei TH.A. Iaoai?ci aaie?oonoaa i?aei?e?inoa // O?iaine
Oe?a?ie.-1998.-?2.-N.67-72. – 0,6 ae.a.
2.Iaoeaiei TH.A. I?iaeaie oi?ioaaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a o
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?ao: Ca.iaoe.i?.-Eooeuee: Aeae. AAeO ”Aaaea”,
1996.-N.164-166. – 0,3 ae.a.
3.Iaoeaiei TH.A. I?iaeaie caaacia/aiiy ia?aiaeie eiooaie ae?iaie/eo
i?aei?e?inoa a oiiaao aeiiii?/ii? e?ece // O?iaine Oe?a?ie.-
1998.-?9.-N.106-109. – 0,4 ae.a.
4.Iaoeaiei TH.A, Eiiae?aoue?a I.?. ?aoi?ioaaiiy iieaoe i?aoe? ?
o?iainiaee iaoai?ci ae?yeueiino? i?aei?e?inoa: Ca.iaoe.i?.-Eooeuee:
Aeae. AAeO ”Aaaea”, 1996.-N.164-166. – 0,3 ae.a (iniaenoi aaoi?o
iaeaaeeoue 0,2 ae.a.).
5.Iaoeaiei TH.A. Oi?ioaaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a ia i?aei?e?inoaao
acooo?ai? aaeoc? eaaei? i?iieneiaino? // A?niee Aeaaeai?? i?aoe? ?
nioe?aeueieo a?aeiinei Oaaea?aoe?? i?ioni?eie Oe?a?ie, 1998.-?2.-
N.86-90.-0,5 ae.a.
6.Iaoeaiei TH.A. O?iainia? ?ano?ne i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?
aea?aeaaiiai naeoi?o: Oace aenooi?a ia Anaoe?. iaoe. eiio.”I?iaeaie
o?ainoi?iaoe?? aeiiii?/ieo nenoai oa noaiiaeaiiy ?eieiaiai ainiiaea?noaa
a Oe?a?i?.-E,1996.-N.119-120.-0,2ae.a.
Aiioaoe?y
Iaoeaiei TH.A. O?iainia? ?ano?ne i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? oa
aoaeoeai?noue ?o aeei?enoaiiy.- ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiii?/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 08.04.01- o?iaine, a?ioiaee ia?a ? e?aaeeo –
Ee?anueeee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea, Ee?a, 1999 ?.
Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia ieoaiiyi aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoiae?a oi?ioaaiiy
o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo?. ?icaeyiooi i?e?iaeo ?
nooi?noue o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a i?aei?e?inoa. Iaa?oioiaai? iai?yiee
aaeineiiaeaiiy ? aoaeoeaiiai oi?aae?iiy o?iainiaeie ?ano?naie a oiiaao
o?ainoi?iaoe?? aeiiii?/ii? nenoaie /a?ac ai?iaaaeaeaiiy i?aai?caoe?eieo
oa iaoiaee/ieo iniia oi?ioaaiiy o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a.
Aeiaaaeaii, ui a oiiaao ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee aeey a?eueoino?
i?aei?e?iieoeueeeo no?oeoo? aaaeeeaeie ? i?iaeaie ?o aaeaioaoe?? aei
?eieiaiai na?aaeiaeua, a oaeiae caeaoiino? caaacia/oaaoe o?iainiao
no?ee?noue oa ieaoini?iiiaei?noue .
Eeth/ia? neiaa: o?iainia? ?ano?ne, aeaea?aea o?iainiaeo ?ano?n?a, aeani?
eiooe, caeo/ai? eiooe, i?eaooie.
Aiiioaoeey
Iaoeaiei TH.A. Oeiainiaua ?ano?nu i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneeo no?oeoo? e
yooaeoeaiinoue eo eniieueciaaiey. – ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea iao/iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa aeiiiie/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 08.04.01 – oeiainu, aeaiaaeiia ia?auaiea e
e?aaeeo – Eeaaneee oieaa?neoao eiaie Oa?ana Oaa/aiea, Eeaa, 1999.
Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia aii?inai niaa?oainoaiaaiey iaoiaeia oi?ie?iaaiey
oeiainiauo ?ano?nia i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneeo no?oeoo?. ?anniio?aiu
oai?aoeei-iaoiaee/aneea iniiau oi?ie?iaaiey e eniieueciaaiey oeiainiauo
?ano?nia a oneiaeyo o?ainoi?iaoeee yeiiiie/aneie nenoaiu.
I?iaiaeece?iaaiu yeiiiie/aneay i?e?iaea e no?oeoo?a oeiainiauo ?ano?nia.
A aeenna?oaoeee aeoeaioe?oaony aieiaiea ia oii, /oi
oeiainiai-aeiiiie/aneea e i?aaiecaoeeiiiua i?iaeaiu oi?ie?iaaiey e
eniieueciaaiey oeiainiauo ?ano?nia i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneeo no?oeoo?
iaaeinoaoi/ii enneaaeiaaiu a ioa/anoaaiiie yeiiiie/aneie eeoa?aoo?a.
Iniiaiay oeaeue – enneaaeiaaiea oai?aoe/aneeo iieiaeaiee e i?aeoe/aneeo
aniaeoia oi?ie?iaaiey e eniieueciaaiey oeiainiauo ?ano?nia noauaeoia
oicyenoaiaaiey, ii?aaeeeaiea iniiaiuo iai?aaeaiee oniaa?oainoaiaaiey
oeiainiaiai iaania/aiey i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe a
nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo n oeaeueth iiauoaiey a? aooaeoeaiinoe ia
i?aaei?eyoeyo, eioi?ua niaieee oi?io nianoaaiiinoe. Iao/iay iiaecia
iniiaiuo ?acoeueoaoia enneaaeiaaiey caeeth/aaony a inouanoaeaiee
eiiieaeniiai iainiiaaiey aeeyiey eciaiaiee oi?i nianoaaiiinoe
i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneeo no?oeoo? ia ?anoe?aiea aiciiaeiinoae i?eaea/aiey
iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe ?ano?nia ec aiaoieo e
aioo?aiieo enoi/ieeia. Iaiauaii iiuo oi?ie?iaaiey oeiainiauo ?ano?nia
i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneeo no?oeoo? caaeneii io eo i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?aaiauo
oi?i oicyenoaiaaiey. Aeieacaii, /oi n eciaiaieai oi?i nianoaaiiinoe,
aiciiaeiinoe i?eaea/aiey oeiainiauo ?ano?nia aeey i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie
aeayoaeueiinoe cia/eoaeueii ?anoe?ythony e aeatho aiciiaeiinoue
naiinoiyoaeueii auae?aoue iaoiaeu oeiainiaai iaania/aiey ca n/ao
i?eaea/aiey n?aaenoa ia oiiaeiaii ?uiea e ?uiea nnoaeiiai eaieoaea.
Ooi/iaii no?oeoo?o oeiainiauo ?ano?nia ca n/ao ?anoe?aiey enoi/ieeia
iiaeeecaoeee oeiainiauo ?ano?nia, /oi niinianoaiaaei ?ac?aaioea e
iainiiaaieth iiauo iiaeoiaeia e ii?aaeaeaieth oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey
i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneeo no?oeoo? e eo aeeyiea ia oicyenoaaiiua
?acoeueoaou.
I?eiaiaiea iiauo iiaeoiaeia e ii?aaeaeaieth yeiiiie/aneie i?e?iaeu e
iacia/aiey oeiainiauo ?ano?nia niinianoaiaaei iainiiaaieth ?yaea
oai?aoe/aneeo iieiaeaiee, eanathueony yaiethoeeiiiie ?iee oeiainia a
iaania/aiee oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoee iaainoaea?noaaiiie
oi?iu nianoaaiiinoe. ?ac?aaioaii i?aaeeiaeaiey, eanathueany iioeiecaoeee
no?oeoo?u enoi/ieeia oi?ie?iaaiey oeiainiauo ?ano?nia n oeaeueth
iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe eo oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe, i?aaeeiaeaiiua
iioeiecaoeeiiiiua iiaeaee aeatho aiciiaeiinoue a eaaeaeii eiie?aoiii
neo/aa iaoiaeeoue iaeaieaa iioeiaeueiua oi?iu iiaeecaoeee n?aaenoa.
Enneaaeiaaii nenoaio acaeiiioiioaiee i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneeo no?oeoo? n
athaeaeaoii i?e oieaoa iaeiaia, /oi niinianoaiaaei iainiiaaieth
aeeooa?aioeeaoeee noaaie iaeiaia a caaeneiinoe io io?aneaauo oneiaee e
oaoie/aneiai o?iaiy i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo i?ioeania.
Ii?aaeaeythuei a oneiaeyo ?uii/iie yeiiiieee aeey aieueoeinoaa
i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneeo no?oeoo? yaeythony i?iaeaiu eo aaeaioaoeee e
?uii/iie n?aaea, a oaeaea aiciiaeiinoe iaania/aiey eo oeiainiaie
onoie/eainoe.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: oeiainiaua ?ano?nu, enoi/ieee oeiainiauo ?ano?nia,
nianoaaiiua no?aaenoaa, i?eaea/?iiua n?aaenoaa, i?eaueue.
Annotation
Petlenko Y.V. Financial resources of business enterprises and trend of
their effective use.- Manuscript
Thesis for candidate degree in the field of economics by speciality
08.04.01- finance, money circulation and credit – Kyiv University named
after Taras Shevchenko, Kyiv, 1999.
The thesis is devoted to the improvement of methods of forming business
enterprises financial resources. The essence and core financial
resources have been examined. There have been grounded the trends of
improvemend and effective management of financial resources, under the
conditions of economic system transition, through implementing
organization and methodic basis to form financial resources.
The major point in the market economy conditions for most of business
enterprises are the problems of their adaptation to the market and their
abilities to provide financial stability.
Key-words: financial resources, sources of financial resources, own
equities liabilities, profit.
?ic?aoiaaii ca aeaieie I?i?noa?noaa o?iain?a Oe?a?ie.
PAGE
PAGE 1
Iiaeaoie ia i?eaooie
Iaoa??aeuei? aeo?aoe
Ieaoa ca caieth
Aii?oecaoe?ei? a?ae?aooaaiiy
Iieaoa i?aoe?
Iiaeaoie c aeanie-e?a o?ainii?oieo cania?a
?io? iaia’yceia? ieaoaae?
A?ae?aooaaiiy ia nioe?aeuei? caoiaee
Noaoooiee oiiae
Ia?iciiae?eaiee i?eaooie
?io? aeo?aoe
Athaeaeaoi? aneaioaaiiy
O?iainia? ?ano?ne i?aei?e?inoa
Eiooe iia?e?ciaai? ia oiiaeiaiio ?eieo
Ciaia’ycaiiy i?aei?e?inoaa
Eiooe caeo/ai? ia ?eieo iiceeiaiai eai?oaeo
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