Aei?i?iiao?ianueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao
AAIAe?IANUeEA IEUeAA O?IOEI?AIA
OAeE 8 (100)
(09)
OAI?*?NOUe AeAA?AeA EIAeAEA
? AIAE?ENUeEEE OI?AA?NEOAONUeEEE ?IIAI
70 – 80-O ??. XX NO.
10.01.04 – E?oa?aoo?a ca?oa?aeieo e?a?i
Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy
iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa o?eieia?/ieo iaoe
Aei?i?iiao?ianuee – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia o Euea?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? ?aaia
O?aiea, I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i. Euea?a
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee:
eaiaeeaeao o?eieia?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio Aaa?eethe Aeuea?ia Ieoaee?aia,
Euea?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea, aeioeaio
eaoaae?e na?oiai? e?oa?aoo?e
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:
aeieoi? o?eieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Aeaieniaa Oaia?a Iaoi?aia,
?inoeooo e?oa?aoo?e ?i. O.A.Oaa/aiea IAI Oe?a?ie, noa?oee iaoeiaee
ni?a?ia?oiee
eaiaeeaeao o?eieia?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio Aao/aiei Na?oeaia Ieaen??aia,
Aei?i?iiao?ianueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao, aeioeaio eaoaae?e
ca?oa?aeii? e?oa?aoo?e
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa:
*a?i?aaoeueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao ?i. TH??y Oaaeueeiae/a, eaoaae?a
?oioinueei? oa eeane/ii? o?eieia?? (naeoe?y oai??? oa ?noi??? na?oiai?
e?oa?aoo?e), I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i. *a?i?aoe?
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 17 eenoiiaaea 1999 ?. i 13 aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
E 08.051.12 Aei?i?iiao?ianueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ca
aae?anith:320025, I.Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, i?ini. Aaaa??ia 72, e?ii. 804.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe? Aei?i?iiao?ianueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo (320625, i. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, aoe. Eicaeiaa
8).
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 15 aeiaoiy 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? ?aaee
Aeooei I.I.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy. No/aniee na?oiaee e?oa?aoo?iee
i?ioean aaeeeith i??ith aecia/a?oueny ?icaeoeii iinoiiaea?i?cio. Iaeiei
?c iaaaeueieo ieoaiue, ye? iinoathoue ia?aae no/aniei
e?oa?aoo?iciaanoaii, ? i?iaeaia i?iieeiaiiy iiai? iinoiiaea?i?noe/ii?
anoaoeee o iaoe?iiaeuei? e?oa?aoo?e ? o oai?e ie?aieo ienueiaiiee?a.
Aiae?c iinoiiaea?i?noe/iiai ienoaoeoaa ni?ey? ia?ainieneaiith ?
iiaeaeueoiio aea/aiith ?aae?noe/iiai ? iiaea?i?noe/iiai ienoaoeoa, a
oaeiae oi?ioaaiith iiaiai oeio e?oa?aoo?ii? oai??? ? e?eoeee, ye?,
nai?th /a?aith, oi?iothoue iiaee oa?i?iieia?/iee aia?ao.
Iinoiiaea?i?noe/ia e?oa?aoo?a ? iinoiiaea?i?noe/ia e?eoeea noaiiaeyoue
?aeeiee aeeneo?n, yeee oa?aeoa?eco?oueny aca?iiaieeaii ooaeiaeiuei? ?
oai?aoe/ii? aeoiee. Aiae?enueeee oi?aa?neoaonueeee ?iiai inoaii?o
aeanyoee?oue, cie?aia, oai?e a?aeiieo ienueiaiiee?a ? e?oa?aoo?iciaaoe?a
I.A?aaeaa?? ? Ae.Eiaeaea, ? oe?eaaei ? i?ea?iaeueiei i?eeeaaeii
aca?iica’yceo e?oa?aoo?e ? iaoee i?i e?oa?aoo?o.
O?aaeeoe?eii iniaeea?noth aiae?enueeiai oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio
aaaaeathoue eiai oaiaoe/io ci???ioiaai?noue ia oi?aa?neoao ye ?inoeooo
eoeueoo?e oa ia eiai ?ieue o noni?euenoa?. Oaea ?icoi?iiy
oi?aa?neoaonueei? i?ice o 70 – 80-o? ??. OO no. ?icoe?th?oueny.
Nioe?aeuei?, iie?oe/i?, aeiiii?/i? ?aae?? no/aniiai na?oo, cie?aia,
?icaeoie oaeaeiioi?eaoe?e, eiii’thoa?ieo oaoiieia?e, iiaa ?icoi?iiy ?ie?
ian-iaae?a o noni?euenoa?, ye? ni?e/eiythoue iiaee oei aa/aiiy na?oo ?
aaaeooue aei ?oeioaaiiy nenoaie o?aaeeoe?eieo oe?iiinoae, ciaoiaeyoue
nai? a?aeia?aaeaiiy a oi?aa?neoaonueeiio ?iiai? oeueiai ia??iaeo.
Aecia/aiiy 70 – 80-o ??. OO no. ye ie?aiiai ia??iaeo ?noi???
aiae?enueeiai oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio iiynith?oueny ? oei oaeoii, ui
iia? e?oa?aoo?i? oai???, a oaeiae iia? i?eioeeie oa caniae
a?aeia?aaeaiiy na?oo a e?oa?aoo?? c?aae?ciaothoueny a oi?aa?neoaonueeiio
?iiai?, ui ? ?iaeoue eiai iniaeeai oe?eaaei aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Iiceoe?y aaoi?a oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio, yeee ? aiaeii/an
o/aiei-e?oa?aoo?iciaaoeai ? aeeeaaea/ai, ?aae?co?oueny o eiai iaoeiaeo
ioae?eaoe?yo i?i e?oa?aoo?o. Aeine?aeiee oai?/ino? oaeiai ienueiaiieea
ia? ??aee?nio iiaeeea?noue i?eeoe aei ?icoi?iiy eiai iaoeiaeo iiaeyae?a
? na?oiaeyaeieo oyaeaiue ia o?eueee /a?ac aaciina?aaei?e aiae?c
e?oa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/ieo i?aoeue, a e, ui iniaeeai aaaeeeai, /a?ac aiae?c
ooaeiaei?o oai??a ia ??ai? i?aai?caoe?? ooaeiaeiueiai oaenoo.
Iaiao?aeiith oiiaith aeine?aeaeaiiy ? a?aooaaiiy noaiiaeaiiy
iinono?oeoo-?ae?nonueeiai iinoiiaea?i?noe/iiai eiiieaeno – aieeaiai?
?aeaeii? oa/?? a eoeueoo?? cao?aeii?a?iiaenueeeo e?a?i.
No/ania aiae?enueea e?oa?aoo?a ? e?oa?aoo?ia e?eoeea aeaeyaeathoue ia
caaaeueiiio oe? ?a?iiaenueeiai e?oa?aoo?iiai i?ioeano aeaui
o?aaeeoe?eieie ? eiina?aaoeaieie. Ianaiia?aae oea noino?oueny iaoee i?i
e?oa?aoo?o. Oei aaaeeea?oa ?icaeyiooe e?oa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/i? i?aoe? oeo
aiae?enueeeo o/aieo, ye? aea/athoue iia? e?oa?aoo?i? oaiaeaioe??,
canoiniaothoue iia? e?oa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/i? i?aeoiaee ? aiaeii/an ?
aaoi?aie oi?aa?neoaonueeeo ?iiai?a, ui iathoue iciaee
iinoiiaea?i?noe/iiai ienoaoeoaa.
Ia’?eo ? i?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy. Caaaeuei? ieoaiiy aaiethoe??
oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio iaiiaeeeai aeine?aeaeoaaoe aac /?oeiai
oyaeaiiy i?i oai?/o ae?yeuei?noue ienueiaiiee?a, ye? eiai
?ai?acaioothoue. Iniiaiee oaeno aeena?oaoe?? i?enay/aiee oai?/ino?
Aeaa?aea Eiaeaea.* ?iiaie Ae.Eiaeaea, iaienai? o 70-80-o? ?iee,
a?aeaeaathoue, c iaeiiai aieo, noaiiaeaiiy aiae?enueei?
oi?aa?neoaonueei? i?ice, a c ?ioiai – ai?iaaaeaeaiiy iinoiiaea?i?noe/ii?
anoaoeee a aiae?enueeee ?iiai. Ia’?eoii aiae?co ia?ai? ?iiaie “Iai?i
i?noeyie” (“Changing Places”, 1975), “Iaeaiueeee na?o” (“Small World”,
1982), “Neaaaoia i?ioan?y” (“Nice Work”, 1988), ye? ceeaaeathoue
oi?aa?neoaonueeo o?eeia?th. Ao?i, a?aoiaai? e iniaeeaino? ?icaeoeo
oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio Ae.Eiaeaea o a?eueo oe?ieiio o?iiieia?/iiio
aniaeo?, ine?eueee ?iiaie “?c ai?caea” (“Out of the Shelter”, 1970),
“sse aeaeaei Ae caeaoi? ae?eoe?” (“How Far Can You Go”, 1981), “?aenuee?
iiaeie” (“Paradise News”, 1991) aeathoue oyaeaiiy i?i oaiaoe/io ?
aeai?iao aaiethoe?th oai?/ino? ienueiaiieea. Iaoa??aeii aeey
aeine?aeaeaiiy e?oa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/ieo iiaeyae?a ienueiaiieea aoee eiai
iiiia?ao?? “?iiai?no ia ia?ao?ano?” (“The Novelist at the Crossroads”,
1971), “I?eeiie no/aniiai ienueia” (“The Modes of Modern Writing“,
1977), “I?aoethth/e c? no?oeoo?ae?ciii” (“Working with Structuralism”,
1981), “Ca Aaoo?iei: ia?ene i?i ooaeiaeith e?oa?aoo?o ? e?eoeeo” (“After
Bakhtin: Essays on Fiction and Criticism”, 1990).
O aeena?oaoe?? aeieeaaeii aena?oeththoueny e?oa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/i? iiaeyaee
Ae.Eiaeaea, a oaeiae i?iaeaiaoeea e iniaeeaino? iiaoeee eiai ?iiai?a, ui
aea? ciiao aiae?coaaoe yaeua c iiaiioith, yea iaiiaeeeaa i?e ?icaeyae?
oai?/ino? aeae?eueeio ?acii ocyoeo ienueiaiiee?a. O ?iaio?
aeiaiaeeoueny, ui oai?/?noue Ae.Eiaeaea, ienueiaiieea ? e?eoeea,
oa?aeoa?ia aeey oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio cacia/aiiai ia??iaeo.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c ieaiaie iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue. Oaia aeena?oaoe??
a?aeiia?aea? i?ia?aeiiio iai?yio iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue eaoaae?e
na?oiai? e?oa?aoo?e Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? ?aaia
O?aiea – aea/aiith aeai?o ?iiaio o na?oia?e e?oa?aoo?? O?O – OO no.
Noai iaoeiaiai ii?aoethaaiiy oaie. O?aaeeoe?y aeae?eyoe oai?e, oaiaoe/ii
iia’ycai? c oi?aa?neoaoii, a ie?aiee e?oa?aoo?iee iio?e aa?a ii/aoie
a?ae noaoo? a?aeiiiai aiae?enueeiai e?oa?aoo?iiai e?eoeea Aeaei?aeaea
Naeionaa?? “?iiaie i?i oi?aa?neoaonueea aeeooy” (1898), a ye?e oia?oa
c’yaeany oa?i?i “oi?aa?neoaonueeee ?iiai”. Nooo?aei e?ieii aia?aae o
canai?ii? aiae?enueei? e?oa?aoo?e i?i “Oi?aa?neoao” noaea iiiia?ao?y
aia?eeainueeiai a/aiiai I.?.I?ieoi?a “Aiae?enueeee oi?aa?neoaonueeee
?iiai”. O oeueiio aeine?aeaeaii? a?aeoai?th?oueny ca?iaeaeaiiy oa
aaiethoe?y oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio a?ae /an?a *ina?a, oiaoi a?ae O?V
no., aei na?aaeeie 50-o ?ie?a OO no. Aaoi?, canoiniaoth/e
eoeueoo?ii-?noi?e/iee i?aeo?ae, i?inoaaeo? caeaaei?noue e?oa?aoo?e i?i
oi?aa?neoao a?ae noaiiaeaiiy aiae?enueei? oi?aa?neoaonueei? nenoaie,
iieaco?, ye ia noi??ieao ooaeiaei?o oai??a a?aeaeca?eaeththoueny
?aaeuei? i?iaeaie a?eoainueei? aeui? ina?oe, iaaeaaia?/i? oai???,
iie?oe/ia ? ?ae?a?eia ai?ioueaa a iaaeao Ienoi?aea ? Eaia?eaeaea, aieea
oi?aa?neoaonueeiai na?aaeiaeua ia ethaeeio. Aaaeeeaei iiiaioii
iiiia?ao?? ? aiae?c oi?ioaaiiy iaoe?iiaeueiiai neiaieo, yeei noaa aeey
aiae?eoe?a oi?aa?neoao.
Oe?iio ?ioi?iaoe?th c i?iaeai oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio i?noeoue
iiiia?ao?y ?in?enueeiai a/aiiai I.Ethenaiao?aa “Aiaei-aia?eeainueea
oi?aa?neoaonueea i?ica”. Aeine?aeiee ?icaeyaea? iaoe?iiaeuei?
iniaeeaino? a?eoainueei? oa aia?eeainueei? a?eie oi?aa?neoaonueei?
i?ice, aia?oa canoiniao? eiiieaeniee aiae?c, ii?aeioth/e aeaiaioe
?noi?eei-e?oa?aoo?iiai ? oeiieia?/iiai i?aeoiae?a. ?in?enueeee
aeine?aeiee cina?aaeaeo? oaaao ia oi?aa?neoaonueeeo ?iiaiao OO no.,
aeiaiaeeoue nai? aeine?aeaeaiiy aei 80-o ?ie?a OO no. ? i?iiiio? oe?eo
ieceo aaaeeeaeo aeniiae?a. Iaeaaaeeea?oeie iciaeaie oi?aa?neoaonueeiai
?iiaio ae?oai? iieiaeie OO no., ia aeoieo I.Ethenaiao?aa, noathoue
“ae?iaie/a” i?iaeaiaoeea, aeieoiaioaeuei?noue oa ?ioaeaeooae?caoe?y
i?ice.
?icaeyioo? ?iaioe aeathoue aeinoaoiuei oe?iea oyaeaiiy i?i ooaeiaei?e
oaiiiai oi?aa?neoaonueei? i?ice, i?ioa aa?oi caa?iooe oaaao ia ianooiiee
iiiaio. Ia?aaoe oaiith aeine?aeaeaiiy aiae?enueeee oi?aa?neoaonueeee
?iiai ? aiaei-aia?eeainueeo oi?aa?neoaonueeo i?ico, I.?.I?ieoi? ?
I.Ethenaiao?a aaa/athoue ?oi?e ii/aoie o iiai? Aeae.*ina?a.
Iaceaathoueny e ?io? iai?icia? oai?e, iai?eeeaae, Aeae.Oieee?aa,
A.Aeaeiiniia, Aeae.Aeiiia oa ?ioeo. Cae/aeii, ine?eueee iniiaiee
?icaeoie oi?aa?neoaonueeiai e?oa?aoo?iiai iioieo a?aeaoaa?oueny /a?ac
?iiai, oe?eeii aei?a/ii ?icaeyaeaoe naia oeae aeai?. Aea ia cian?i
eia?/iei ? aeae?eaiiy oaeiai o?eaaeiai ia??iaeo – O?V – O?O no. – ye
ia??iaeo “?aiiuei? oi?aa?neoaonueei? i?ice”. ?acii c oei, aiae?coth/e
?iiaie O?O – OO no., aeine?aeieee oaeoe/ii iieiathoue oaaaith ?io?
aeai?e e?oa?aoo?e oeueiai ia??iaeo, ye? oaae aeathoue oyaeaiiy i?i
oi?aa?neoao oa eiai ni?eeiyooy o noni?euenoa?. (Iai?eeeaae, ana?noeea,
i?enay/aia oi?aa?neoaonuee?e oai?, ia? aeanio ia??iaeecaoe?th, a?aei?iio
a?ae iiaeaii? I.?.I?ieoi?ii ? I.Ethenaiao?aii.) Oea iaooiaoo? ia aeoieo
i?i iaiao?aei?noue iiooeo oe?oiai ? a?eueo ocaaaeueiaiiai i?aeoiaeo aei
i?iaeaie.
A?aeiiee aiae?enueeee e?oa?aoo?iciaaaoeue Aa?ia?ae Aa?aiic? o iiiia?ao??
“Aeaooiaa aiae?enueea” aiae?co? aiae?enueea e?oa?aoo?iciaanoai OO no.
A?i iieaco?, ye i?iy?oueny e?oa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/ia neooaoe?y i?ae aieeaii
??cieo oaeoi??a: a?ae iie?oeee I.Oao/a? uiaei oi?aa?neoao?a aei aieeao
?a?iiaenueeeo oa aia?eeainueeeo oe?e no?oeoo?ae?cio, iinono?oeoo?ae?cio
oa ?i. ia aiae?enueeeo o/aieo. Iniiaio oaaao a/aiee i?eae?ey?
aeaaeai?/iiio e?oa?aoo?iciaanoao, caoaaaeoth/e, ui eiai i?iaeaie
aena?oeththoueny ia noi??ieao no/anieo ?iiai?a, iaienaieo aeaaeai?eaie.
sse i?eeeaae o/aiee iaaiaeeoue ?iiaie Ae.Eiaeaea.
O i?aoeyo ye a?o/eciyieo, oae ? ca?oa?aeieo aeine?aeiee?a aeine?aeaeai?
ie?ai? aniaeoe aiae?enueeiai oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio 70 – 80-o ??. OO
no. Cie?aia, oe?a?inueea aeine?aeieoey I.*a?iyanueea o aeena?oaoe??
“Iaeeiei A?aaeaa?? – oai?aoee ?iiaio ? ieoaoeue” aeaoaeueii aeine?aeeea
oai?/?noue I.A?aaeaa??, iaeiiai c i?ia?aeieo no/anieo ?iiai?no?a ?
e?oa?aoo?iciaaoe?a Aaeeei? A?eoai??, ?iiaie yeiai ?icaeyaeathoue ye
oi?aa?neoaonuee?. O iiiia?ao?? ?.Ii?ana “Ae?aeia?/i? ?iiaie I.A?aaeaa??
? Ae.Eiaeaea” i?iaiae?ciaaii ?iiaie oeeo ienueiaiiee?a ia??iaeo 60 –
ii/. 80-o ??., iaaieioaii ia ae?aeia?/iiio oa?aeoa?? ?oiuei? oai?/ino?.
Caaa?ooth/e iaeyae e?oa?aoo?e, cacia/eii, ui iii?e i?aoe? c ?noi???
aiae?enueeiai oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio oa aiae?enueeiai aeaaeai?/iiai
e?oa?aoo?iciaanoaa, iaia? aeiaeiiai niaoe?aeueiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy,
aaciina?aaeiuei ni?yiiaaiiai ia eiiieaeniee aiae?c no/aniiai
aiae?enueeiai oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio, aea a iaaieiooaaeinue ia
i?iieeiaii? e?oa?aoo?ii-oai?aoe/ieo ?aeae o oaeno ooaeiaei?o oai??a.
Iaoa ? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy: iaoith ?iaioe ? aeine?aeaeaiiy
iniaeeainoae aiae?enueeiai oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio 70 – 80-o ?ie?a OO
no. c oi/ee ci?o aaiethoe?? aiae?enueei? e?oa?aoo?e i?i oi?aa?neoao ? o
eiioaeno? iniiaieo oaiaeaioe?e ?icaeoeo no/anii? cao?aeii?a?iiaenueei?
e?oa?aoo?e. A?aeiia?aeii aei iaoe iinoaaeaii ianooii? caaaeaiiy:
i?iaiae?coaaoe caaaeuei? caeiiii??iino? ?icaeoeo aiae?enueei?
“e?oa?aoo?e i?i oi?aa?neoao”, ?icaeyiooe e?oa?aoo?iciaa/? iiaeyaee
Ae.Eiaeaea a eiioaeno? iniiaieo oaiaeaioe?e ?icaeoeo no/aniiai
e?oa?aoo?iciaanoaa, c’ynoaaoe, ye i?ioan?ei? caiyooy e?oa?aoo?ith ?
e?oa?aoo?iith e?eoeeith, ciaiiy caeii?a, ca yeeie oai?eoueny ooaeiaeiy
e?oa?aoo?a, ciaoiaeyoue ae?aaeaiiy o aeanieo oai?ao Ae.Eiaeaea, iieacaoe
iniiai? iniaeeaino? iiaoeee ?iiai?a oi?aa?neoaonueei? o?eeia??
Ae.Eiaeaea, aeey oe?e?niiai oyaeaiiy i?i no/aniee oi?aa?neoaonueeee
?iiai ei?ioei ?icaeyiooe iniiai? e?oa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/i? iiaeyaee oa
iniaeeaino? ?iiai?a no/aniiai aiae?enueeiai ienueiaiieea ?
e?oa?aoo?iciaaoey I. A?aaeaa??.
Iaoiaeeea aeine?aeaeaiiy. Ianaiia?aae aoei canoiniaaii eiioaenooaeueiee
aiae?c oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio 70 – 80-o ??. OO no., ui ? aeaei ciiao
aeae?eeoe naia oe? aeaa aeanyoee?ooy ye ia??iae aeoeaii? ?ic?iaee
aiae?enueeeie e?oa?aoo?iciaaoeyie iinoiiaea?i?noe/ieo ?aeae, c’ynoaaoe,
ye? iaoeia? eiioeaioe?? eyaee a iniiao e?oa?aoo?iciaa/eo iiaeyae?a
Ae.Eiaeaea. Ie??i oeueiai, eiioaenooaeueiee aiae?c c aeaiaioaie
?noi?eei-oeiieia?/iiai iaoiaeo aeine?aeaeaiiy aeaa ciiao aeyaeoe
a?aei?iiino? e iniaeeaino? oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio cacia/aiiai
ia??iaeo.
Aeey aea/aiiy iaoeiaeo iiaeyae?a Ae.Eiaeaea canoiniaaii i?iaeaiiee
iaoiae aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aiae?cothoueny iiiyooy “e?oa?aoo?a” ? “?aae?ci”,
oeiieia?y no/aniiai ?iiaio, ?aea? Ae.Eiaeaea uiaei noo? e?oa?aoo?ii?
e?eoeee ? noaio no/anii? aiae?enueei? e?oa?aoo?ii? e?eoeee. Aiae?c
e?oa?aoo?iciaa/eo iiaeyae?a ienueiaiieea aecia/ea
i?iaeaiii-eiioaenooaeueiee i?aeo?ae aei ii?aoethaaiiy oi?aa?neoaonueeeo
?iiai?a Ae.Eiaeaea. Oai?e ienueiaiieea aeine?aeaeothoueny ?c o?aooaaiiyi
iia?oi?o oaiaeaioe?e ?icaeoeo aeai?o ?iiaio.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia. Aiae?enueeee oi?aa?neoaonueeee ?iiai 70 – 80-o ??.,
yeee ia? iciaee iinoiiaea?i?noe/ii? e?oa?aoo?e ? ? /anoeith no/anii?
aeaaeai?/ii? eoeueoo?e, ua ia aoa i?aaeiaoii naiino?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy. O ?iaio? aia?oa a oe?a?inueeiio e?oa?aoo?iciaanoa?
?icaeyaea?oueny oai?/ee aei?iaie Ae.Eiaeaea ye i?aaenoaaieea
aiae?enueeiai oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio. Iaaiein ?iaeoueny ia
i?iieeiaii? e?oa?aoo?iciaa/eo iiaeyae?a ienueiaiieea o eiai ooaeiaei?
oai?e ye ia ci?noiaiio, oae ? ia oi?iaeueiiio ??aiyo.
O ?iaio? aaeeaa?oueny iiiyooy “oi?aa?neoaonueeee oaeno aiae?enueei?
e?oa?aoo?e”, yea iicia/a? oai?e i?i oi?aa?neoao, iaienai? o ??ci? /ane ?
o ??cieo aeai?ao, a?aeaeaa? ?icaeoie aiae?enueei? e?oa?aoo?e i?i
oi?aa?neoao.
I?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy iieiaeie OO no. – ii?aeiaiiy
aeeeaaeaoeueei? ? oai?aoeei-e?oa?aoo?ii? ae?yeueiino? c ooaeiaeiueith
oai?/?noth, aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaea ni?eyoe iiaei iaoeiaei ?ica?aeeai ye o
aaeoc? no/anii? oai??? e?oa?aoo?e, oae ? o aea/aii? no/aniiai
e?oa?aoo?iiai i?ioeano o Aaeee?e A?eoai??. Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe??
iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? ye o eo?nao eaeoe?e c ?noi??? no/anii?
aiae?enueei? e?oa?aoo?e, oae ? o eo?n? eaeoe?e. Ine?eueee o aeena?oaoe??
aeiaiaeeoueny, ui oai?/?noue Ae.Eiaeaea ?ai?acaioo? ooaeiaei?e ?
eoeueoo?iee oaiiiai ae?oai? c oai??? e?oa?aoo?e. *anoeiai oea aaea
?iaeoue aaoi? aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aoee iaaiai?ai? ia
can?aeaii? eaoaae?e na?oiai? e?oa?aoo?e Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ?i.?.O?aiea, iioae?eiaai? o iiiia?ao?? “Oai?/?noue Aeaa?aea
Eiaeaea ? aeaaeai?/iee eiioaeno” ? o ?yae? iaoeiaeo noaoae oa aeeeaaeai?
o aenooiao ia oaeeo i?aeia?iaeieo eiioa?aioe?yo: ?, ??, ??? I?aeia?iaei?
*e/a??inuee? /eoaiiy (Euea?a, 1991, 1993 oa 1997), I?aeia?iaeia
eiioa?aioe?y “Iiaa. Eoeueoo?a. Aca?ii?icoi?iiy”, i?enay/aia iai’yo?
i?io. ?.A.E?ioaae/a (Euea?a, 1997).
No?oeoo?a ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y iiaoaeiaaia ca i?iaeaiiei i?eioeeiii ?
neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, /ioe?ueio ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo
aeei?enoaii? ooaeiaeiuei? ? e?eoe/ii? e?oa?aoo?e, /ioe?ueio aeiaeaoe?a.
Iiaiee ianya aeena?oaoe?? – 213 noi??iie (c ieo 187 noi?. iniiaiiai
oaenoo). O nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae – 155 iiceoe?e.
INIIAIEE CI?NO AeINE?AeAEAIIss
O anooi? iaa?oioiao?oueny aeooaeuei?noue oaie, aecia/athoueny iaoa ?
caaaeaiiy ?iaioe, ?? ia’?eo ? i?aaeiao, ie?aneth?oueny ?? iaoeiaa ?
i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy.
Ia?oee ?icae?e “Iinoaiiaea i?iaeaie. Iaeyae e?eoe/ii? e?oa?aoo?e c
i?iaeai oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio 70 – 80-o ??. o eiioaeno? ?icaeoeo
iinoiiaea?i?cio oa aaiethoe?? aeaaeai?/ii? eoeueoo?e” i?enay/aii
c’ynoaaiith oeo cia/ieo oaiaeaioe?e, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoue eoeueoo?o
ae?oai? iieiaeie OO no. ? aenooiathoue aaaeeeaei ? iaa?ae’?iiei
eiioaenoii oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio 70 – 80-o ??. OO no.
Ii-ia?oa, oea – ?icaeoie oi?aa?neoaonueei? (aai aeaaeai?/ii?)
noaeoeueoo?e, a iaaeao yei? nueiaiaei? iaea?eueo iiaii ?icaeaathoueny
oi/i? ? aoiai?oa?i? iaoee, i?iythoueny oyaeaiiy i?i na?o ? ethaeeio,
aeieea? ii noo? iiaee nioe?aeueiee i?ioa?ie noni?euenoaa –
oi?aa?neoaonuee? a/ai? ? aeeeaaea/?. Ii?aeiaiiy iaoeiai? ? e?oa?aoo?ii?
oai?/ino? – oea iaeyne?aa?oa yaeua aeaaeai?/ii? eoeueoo?e. A.Oaen,
AE.-I.Na?o?, *.I.Niio, A.Iaaieia, Aeae.Aa?o, O.Aei, A.Ia?aeie ? aaaaoi
?ioeo a?aeii? ye nai?ie ?iiaiaie, ui aecia/athoue oeyoe ?icaeoeo
no/anii? i?ice, oae ? nai?ie iaoeiaeie aeine?aeaeaiiyie. O ?iaio?
iaaieioo?oueny, ui o no/ani?e iaooe? i?i e?oa?aoo?o aaaiiith ?
oaiaeaioe?y ?icaeyaeaoe oai?e oaeeo ienueiaiiee?a o iaaeao aeaaeai?/ii?
noaeoeueoo?e.
Ii-ae?oaa, oea – iinoiiaea?i?ci ye caaaeueiianoaoe/ia yaeua eoeueoo?e,
yeee caeiaoaa? nai? oai?aoe/ia inieneaiiy ia eeoa o o?einionueeeo
iaoeao, a e o iaooe? i?i e?oa?aoo?o. A iniiao iinoiiaea?i?noe/iiai
e?oa?aoo?iciaanoaa eyaee, cie?aia, ?aea? AE.-O.E?ioa?a ? AE.Aea???aee.
Iniaeeaino? iinoiiaea?i?noe/iiai aeeneo?no o no/ani?e ooaeiaei?e
e?oa?aoo?? aeine?aeaeothoue ?.Oannai, I.-E.?’yi, E.Iao, A.Iaeoaee,
E.Oao/aii, A.Oaeeueae. Aiae?c aeeneo?no noaiiaeoue iaeia c ia?oi/a?aiaeo
caaaeaiue no/anii? oai??? iiia?ae? – ia?aoieia??. N.*aoiai, AE.AEaiiao,
Aeae.I?ein c iaoith aeyaeaiiy aeeneo?neaiiai oa?aeoa?o oaenoo
aeine?aeaeothoue iiia?aei? ?inoaioe?? e?oa?aoo?iiai oaenoo, /a?ac ye?
ooaeiaeiy ?ioi?iaoe?y ?ooa?oueny a?ae ienueiaiieea aei /eoa/a.
Ae?aeaeoe/ii ii?aeioth/enue, iaeaea? oaiaeaioe?? ciaoiaeyoue aeya o
no/aniiio aiae?enueeiio oi?aa?neoaonueeiio ?iiai?. Aiae?c
e?oa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/ii? ? ooaeiaeiuei? oai?/ino? Ae.Eiaeaea, yea ?
yne?aaith ?ethno?aoe??th aeaaeai?/ii? eoeueoo?e, aea? ciiao aeine?aeeoe
niaoeeo?eo aieeao iinoiiaea?i?noe/ieo ?aeae ia oi?aa?neoaonueeee ?iiai
70 – 80-o ?ie?a OO no.
O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “?aeay oi?aa?neoaonueeiai oaenoo aiae?enueei?
e?oa?aoo?e oa iniaeeaino? ?icaeoeo oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio a ae?oa?e
iieiaei? OO no.” ia i?aenoaa? oai??? oaenoo, ?ic?iaeaii? i?aaenoaaieeaie
no?oeoo?ae?cio, cie?aia ?aii?i ?.Aa?oii, TH.Eioiaiii, A.Oiii?iaei,
aaiaeeoueny iiiyooy “oi?aa?neoaonueeee oaeno aiae?enueei? e?oa?aoo?e”.
Oi?aa?neoaonueeee oaeno – oea, ianaiia?aae, oai?e oa ai?ciaee c ie?aieo
oai??a, iia’ycai? c oi?aa?neoaonueeith oaiaoeeith. Eiaeiee c ieo aea?
/eoa/aa? oyaeaiiy i?i oi?aa?neoao o eiai ?noi?eei-iaoe?iiaeuei?e
niaoeeo?oe?. An? aiie oai?youe ?aeeiee oaeno, a yeiio oi?aa?neoao
ona?aeiieth?oueny ye neiaie, oioiaeiee caaaeueiiio ?icaeoeia? e?a?ie oa
?? eoeueoo?e ? ia ??ai? noni?euenoaa, ? ia ??ai? iniaenoino?.
Oi?aa?neoaonueeee oaeno, o oe?ieiio cia/aii?, ?nio? caaaeyee nai?i
iicaoaenoiaei ca’yceai, a?i ? ooaeiaei?i iia?aeiieaiiyi, e?oa?aoo?iith
?ioa?i?aoaoe??th iaaii? /anoeie ?aaeueiino?, yea ia? iacao (aeineoue
ocaaaeueiaio) – oi?aa?neoao. A?i ia iaia’yceiai ?icai?oa?oueny o oaio
oai?o, ?ieiee i?ioiaeeoue /a?ac iacia/i? aeey caaaeueii? ?aea? oai?o
ai?ciaee, oei ia iaio neoaoth/e a?aeoai?aiith neiaie?/iiai ia?aco
oi?aa?neoaoo. Oi?aa?neoaonueeee oaeno aeooae?co?oueny a ??cieo
e?oa?aoo?ieo iai?yiao, i?ia?aeieo o oo /e ?ioo e?oa?aoo?io aeiao.
Cie?aia, o oai?ao eiiaeiinueeeo ?iiaioee?a c’yaey?oueny ia?ac
?iiaioe/iiai Ienoi?aea (*.Eai “Ia?ene Ae??”), eeane/iee ?aae?ci O?O no.
iiaea? aace?/ ai?ciae?a i?i oi?aa?neoao o ?aae?noe/ieo ?iiaiao,
niaoeeo?/iiai cia?aaeaiiy iaaoaa? oi?aa?neoao o e?oa?aoo?? aiae?enueeiai
anoaoecio. Iaaecae/aeii aaaeeeaei iiiaioii ? oie oaeo, ui aei
oi?aa?neoaonueeiai oaenoo a ??ci? ia??iaee ?icaeoeo e?oa?aoo?e
aeeth/aeenue ??ci? ca aeai?ii oai?e. Oae, aei iueiai iiaeia a?aeianoe ?
iiaio Aeae.*ina?a, ? ia?ene OV??? no., ?, ii/eiath/e c O?O no., ?iiaie.
A oi?aa?neoaonueeiio oaeno? a?aeaeeinue noaiiaeaiiy aeai??a e?oa?aoo?e.
Eiee ie aiai?eii “oi?aa?neoaonueeee ?iiai”, oi ?icoi??ii eiai ia ye
iniaeeaee aeai? (oi/a a aiae?enuee?e e?eoeoe? cono??/athoueny ? oae?
aecia/aiiy), a ye oa??, iaienaiee o aeai?? ?iiaio ? yeee oniaaeeiao?
eiiieaen ?aeae oa ooaeiaei?o iniaeeainoae, aeanoeaeo oi?aa?neoaonueeiio
oaenoo. Ooaeiaeiy iiaa oi?aa?neoaonueeiai oaenoo ia? naith niaoeeo?eo.
I?ioyaii ?icaeoeo nenoaie aeui? ina?oe eaeneea oi?aa?neoaonueeiai oaenoo
a?aeaeaaea i?ioean ?icaeoeo eoeueoo?e ? iaoee, aieeaaea ia ooaa?aeaeaiiy
iiaeo iiiyoue a aiae?enueeiio noni?euenoa?. O OO no. a
oi?aa?neoaonueeiio oaeno? canoiniao?oueny aaaaoi iaoeiai? eaeneee c
??cieo aaeocae ciaiue.
O ?icae?e? iiaea?oueny aaiaca oi?aa?neoaonueeiai oaenoo. Oi?ioaaiiy eiai
no?oeoo?ieo aeaiaio?a o?eaaei i?ioyaii O?V-O?O no., a?ae
“Eaioa?aa??enueeeo iiia?aeaiue” Aeae.*ina?a aei ia?oeo ?iiai?a i?i
oi?aa?neoao ii/aoeo O?O no. Caaaeothoueny ie?ai? oai?e Ae.E?e?, Ae.I?ea,
O.Eiaeaea, O.Iaoa, ?.A??ia, ia’?aeiaieo o oaeni???anuee? /ane i?ae
iacaith “oi?aa?neoaonuee? oie” /“University Wits”/; aoii?enoe/i? ia?ene
OV??? no., ai?ciaee c oi?aa?neoaonueeiai aeeooy a aiae?enueeiio ?iiai?
OV??? no. (A.O?eae?ia “?noi??y Oiia Aeaeiina, Ciaeaee”, O.Niieeao
“I?eaiaee Ia??a??ia I?eey”). ??aaiue oa ci?no oi?aa?neoaonueei? ina?oe,
i?iaeaia nioe?aeueii? ia??aiino?, iaaeinooiiino? aeui? ina?oe aeey
oaeaiiaeoeo, aea a?aeieo iieiaeeo ethaeae, ? inaaaeiae?oa?iino?
nooaeaio?a c aaaaoeo n?iae ciaeoee nai? a?aeia?aaeaiiy o ?aae?noe/iiio
?iiai? O?O no. (O.I.Oaeea?ae “Eieaa niia?a”, “?noi??y Iaiaeai?na”,
A.Aoeaa?-E?ooii “Iaeai, aai I?eaiaee aeaeaioeueiaia”, “Eaiaei *?e?iae?”,
O.Oa?ae? “Aeaeoae Iaiii?oiee”). Iaeiei ?c iaee?aueo ?iiai?a O?O no.,
a?ae yeiai aaaea naith ?noi??th no/aniee oi?aa?neoaonueeee ?iiai, noaa
?iiai Ae.A.Eieoa?oa “?aaeaeeiaeae Aeaeoii: ?noi??y c aiae?enueeiai
oi?aa?neoaonueeiai aeeooy” (J.G.Lockhart “Reginald Dalton: A Story of
English University Life”,1823). I?ia?aeiei aeai?ii aiae?enueei?
e?oa?aoo?e i?i oi?aa?neoao ia?oi? iieiaeie OO no. aaaaeathoue ?iiai
aeoiaaiiy. Na?aae e?aueo c?ace?a – ?iiaie “Eeoia?nia iooue” E.Iaeeaic?
(“Sinister Street”, 1915), “Iaeaecia/i?oa i?noi” Aeae.Oiie?ina (“The
City In Foreground”, 1921), “Eaia?eaeaeaoeue” O.Eane? (“The Cantab”,
1926) oa ?io?.
O ?iiai? ae?oai? iieiaeie OO no. c’yaeythoueny iia? aeoeaioe:
ienueiaiieee ieoooue ?noi??th oi?aa?neoaoo, caa?oath/e ia?aaaaeii oaaao
ia iniao aeeeaaea/a. O ?iiaiao *.I.Niio, E.Ai?na oa ?ioeo i?aeoe/ii
iaia? nooaeaio?a. Aiaeii/an ?icoe?th?oueny aaia?ao?/iee i?ino??
oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio, ana /ano?oa ae?y ?icai?oa?oueny o
iiainoai?aieo, oae caaieo /a?aiiioeaaeyieo oi?aa?neoaoao, a a iaaeao
oi?aa?neoaoo – o eieaaeae? /e ia eaoaae??.
Iaiiaeeeai ia a?aoiaoaaoe ? i?iaeaio aaoi?noaa no/aniiai ?iiaio i?i
oi?aa?neoao. O OO no., ? a?eueoith i??ith, o ae?oa?e eiai iieiaei?,
aaoi?aie noathoue oi?aa?neoaonuee? aeeeaaea/?. Oeae eoeueoo?iee oaiiiai
– ii?aeiaiiy o?ueio ?iinoanae aaoi?a: oi?aa?neoaonueeee aeeeaaea/,
iaoeiaaoeue, ienueiaiiee, iaaoaa? cia/iiai iioe?aiiy o Aaeee?e A?eoai??.
?ie? aeeeaaea/a, e?oa?aoo?iiai e?eoeea oa ienueiaiieea ii?aeiothoue o
50-o? ?iee Aeae. Oaei, E. Ai?n, Ae. Aeaea?, A.Ia?aeie; O.Ea?e?i i?aoeth?
a aeaaeai?/i?e a?ae?ioaoe?.
Aaaeeeaith ?enith oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio 70 – 80-o ??. iiaeia
aaaaeaoe ni?iao ooaeiaeiueiai aiae?co i?iaeai no/anii? o?eieia?/ii?
aeaaeai?/ii? iaoee. Aaoi?noai ?iiaio, yea aecia/a?oueny /a?ac
o?e?aei?noue aeeeaaea/ – a/aiee – ienueiaiiee, ooi/ith?oueny: aeeeaaea/
– e?oa?aoo?iciaaaoeue – ienueiaiiee. ?iiai oeueiai ia??iaeo noa?
neioaoe/iei, ao?ethth/e ?ene aaaaoueio ??ciiaeae?a oi?aa?neoaonueei?
i?ice. ?iiaie I.A?aaeaa?? ? Ae.Eiaeaea ? oe?eaaeie ? oeiiaeie c?aceaie o
?icaeoeo oeueiai e?oa?aoo?iiai iioieo. A ieo ?icaeaa?oueny o?aaeeoe?y
aiae?enueeiai eii?/iiai ?iiaio ? ?iiaio-o?ii?ee, a oaeiae c’yaeythoueny
?ene, aeanoea? iinoiiaea?i?noe/i?e e?oa?aoo??. E??i oeueiai, ?iiaie
I.A?aaeaa?? ? Ae.Eiaeaea iane/ai? e?oa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/ieie iioeaaie, ye?
?ethno?othoue ?oi? iiaeyaee ia aeai?ia? iiaeeeaino? ?iiaio, ia ?aae?ci ?
iia? oiiae aeey iueiai o OO no., ia iinoiiaea?i?ci. Ona oea aea? ciiao
?icaeyaeaoe aiae?enueeee oi?aa?neoaonueeee ?iiai 70 – 80-o ??. o iaaeao
?ioaeaeooaeueii? i?ice ae?oai? iieiaeie OO no.
I. A?aaeaa?? ? Ae. Eiaeae – eieaae ii ?iaio? oa oai?/ino? ? aiaeii/an
iiiiaioe o nai?o e?oa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/ieo iiaeyaeao. ??cieoey o iiaeyaeao ?
aca?iia e?eoeea ia?aoiaeyoue ia noi??iee ?oi?o ?iiai?a, yeei aeiaea?
ae?aeia?cio ? ?iaeoue ni?acao/ieie no/aniiio iinoiiaea?i?noe/iiio
?iiaio. Caaaeyee ?oi?e oai?/ino? aaaeeeaith ?enith oi?aa?neoaonueeiai
?iiaio 70 – 80-o ?ie?a noaei oneeaaeiaiiy eiai ?aeaeiiai ci?noo – ca
?aooiie aaaaeaiiy e?oa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/ieo iioea?a oa ?aeae o oaeno
?iiai?a, ? no?oeoo?e – ca ?aooiie canoinoaaiiy oa?aeoa?ieo aeey
iinoiiaea?i?cio e?oa?aoo?ieo i?eeii?a.
Oi?aa?neoaonueeee oaeno, neeaaeath/e nooo?ao /anoeio aiae?enueei?
iaoe?iiaeueii? e?oa?aoo?e ? aienoth/enue o caaaeueiee aeey ooaeiaeiuei?
e?oa?aoo?e iiooe iiaeo ooaeiaei?o oi?i, ia? oe?ii?noue ye e?oa?aoo?a i?i
aeuee iaa/aeueiee caeeaae oa eiai ?ieue o noni?euenoa?; ye e?oa?aoo?a
i?i no/aniee noai iaoee ? ina?oe. C ?ioiai aieo, oi?aa?neoaonueeee oaeno
a?aeaeca?eaeth? ?icaeoie e?oa?aoo?iiai i?ioeano o Aaeee?e A?eoai??:
anoaoe/i?, ?aeaei? oa oi?iaeuei? iiooee aiae?enueeeo ienueiaiiee?a.
O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? – “E?oa?aoo?iciaa/? iiaeyaee Ae.Eiaeaea” – iiaeaii
aeieeaaeiee aiae?c oai?aoe/ieo ? e?eoe/ieo iiaeyae?a ienueiaiieea.
Iniaeeai? oaaae caneoaiaothoue eiai iiiia?ao?? “?iiai?no ia
ia?ao?ano?”, “I?eeiie no/anii? e?oa?aoo?e”, “I?aoethth/e c?
no?oeoo?ae?ciii”, “Ca Aaoo?iei”.
O aecia/aii? iiiyooy “ooaeiaeiy e?oa?aoo?a” Ae.Eiaeae nie?a?oueny ia
e?iaa?noe/io oai??th ?.sseianiia, aaaaeath/e, ui aaaeeeaei e?eoa???i
ooaeiaeiueiai oaenoo ? eiai aeaaaeai?noue aai caeaoi?noue aooe
i?i/eoaiei ye aeaaaeea, /iio ni?ey? ?ioaineaia aeooae?caoe?y iiae
oaenoo. Canoiniaoth/e ?aeath ?.sseianiia i?i ?nioaaiiy iiiceoe?? i?ae
iaoaoi?ith ? iaoii?i??th, Ae.Eiaeae ?icaeyaea? aiae?enueeo e?oa?aoo?o OO
no. ye i?ioean eieeaaiiy i?ae aeaiia iiethnaie – iaoaoi?e/iei oa
iaoii?i?/iei, c iaeiiai aieo – e?oa?aoo?a iiaea?i?cio, neiaie?nonueea ?
i?oiiiaoe/ia, c ?ioiai – ?aae?noe/ia. A/aiee i?eae?ey? cia/io oaaao
iinoiiaea?i?noe/iiio aeeneo?no. Ia ??ai? no?oeoo?ii? i?aai?caoe??
iinoiiaea?i?noe/i? oaenoe oa?aeoa?ecothoueny oaeeie i?eeiiaie, ye
noia?a/eea?noue, ia?iooaoe?y, ia?a?ea/ano?noue, aeiaaeeia?noue, aenoean,
ei?ioea caieeaiiy. An? aiie ? oi?iaeueieie na?ae/aiiyie ?oeioaaiiy
anioe?aoeaieo ca’yce?a iiae?aiino? ? noi?aeiino?, i?eioeei?a aeiai?o
ooaeiaeiueiai iaoa??aeo, aeanoeaeo iiia?aaei?e e?oa?aoo??, a oaeiae
aeyaeaiiyi o?aaiaioa?iino? – iaei??? c i?ia?aeieo ?en
iinoiiaea?i?noe/iiai oaenoo. Na?aae ?nioth/eo a e?oa?aoo?? OO no. oei?a
?iiaio Ae.Eiaeae aeae?ey? i?iaeaiiee ?iiai, yeee ia? iciaee
iinoiiaea?i?noe/ii? e?oa?aoo?e.
Aiae?c ?aeae Ae.Eiaeaea na?ae/eoue ia ei?enoue oiai, ui a/aiee, na?aeiii
iae?ath/e e?iaa?noe/iee i?aeo?ae, iaeii/anii aeecueeee aei
no?oeoo?ae?nonueeeo ?aeae. Iiaeaethth/e aace?ia/iee ia’?eo (ae?eni?noue)
caniaaie e?ioeaaiai oaenoo, oa?? ienoaoeoaa nai?i i?inoi?ii cai?ith? ia
/anoeio (a??i?oa, ia o?eueee /anoeio) cia?aaeoaaiiai aeeooy, a e ana oea
aeeooy o noeoiiino?. A iiooe cia/oueo no?oeoo?, ye? iieacaee a, ye oe?ea
ia?aaea?oueny a iiaeae?, aenooia? caaaeueiei i?eioeeiii
no?oeoo?ae?nonueei? e?eoeee. Cacia/eii, ui a/aiee aecia? ae??a?noue
?ioeo e?eoe/ieo iaoiae?a, oei naiei aeaiiino?oth/e naith aio/e?noue oa
iai?oiaeienaeuei?noue ye aeine?aeieea e?oa?aoo?e.
Aeine?aeaeoth/e noaiiaeaiiy ??cieo oei?a e?eoeee o Aaeee?e A?eoai??,
Ae.Eiaeae aeae?ey? o?e eaoaai??? e?oa?aoo?ieo e?eoee?a:
oi?aa?neoaonueeeo e?eoee?a, i?ioan?eieo ienueiaiiee?a, ye? ieoooue
e?eoe/i? i?aoe?, ? aeo?iaeueieo e?oa?aoo?ieo e?eoee?a. A?i aaaaea?, ui o
OO no., iniaeeai o ae?oa?e eiai iieiaei?, oi?aa?neoaonueea (aai
aeaaeai?/ia) e?eoeea caeiyea i?ia?aeia noaiiaeua. Aaaiii aieeaath/e ia
iai?yie ?icaeoeo e?oa?aoo?e, aiia aiaeii/an a?ae??aaia a?ae cae/aeiiai
/eoa/a.
Na?aae aaaaoueio eiioeaioe?e aaoi?a, i?aaenoaaeaieo o no/ani?e iaooe?
i?i e?oa?aoo?o, Eiaeae-e?oa?aoo?iciaaaoeue iaea?eueoa nie?a?oueny ia
aeine?aeaeaiiy no/anieo ia?aoieia?a. A?i ?icaeyaea? aaoi?a c oi/ee ci?o
eiioi?eaoeaiiai eaioethaa aaoi? – oaeno – /eoa/. Aiae?c iiia?aeieo
?inoaioe?e oaenoo aea? iiaeeea?noue aeeaoa c?icoi?oe oa?aeoa? ae?aeiao
i?ae aaoi?ii ? /eoa/ai, e?aua ?ice?eoe aieiai? oaiaeaioe?? no/anii?
e?oa?aoo?e. I?iaeaia aaoi?a c’yaey?oueny o ?iiaiao Ae.Eiaeaea ye oaia
e?oa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/ieo aeeneon?e i?ae ia?niiaaeaie, iaeaea eiaeiiai c
oeaio?aeueieo ia?niiaae?a ienueiaiiee iaae?ey? ?ieeth aaoi?a /e oi
ooaeiaei?o, /e oi e?oa?aoo?iciaa/eo eiea. Ie??i oeueiai, iaoeiaee oei
ieneaiiy ienueiaiieea ?aae?co?oueny a aeooae?caoe?? ??cieo iiia?aeieo
?inoaioe?e aaciina?aaeiuei o oaeno? eiai ?iiai?a. O ieo c
iinoiiaea?i?noe/ii? iiceoe?? Ae.Eiaeae ia?a?o? aaoi?a ye oaenoiao ?
iicaoaenoiao eaoaai??th.
O ?icae?e? ?V – “I?iaeaiaoeea ? iiaoeea ?iiai?a oi?aa?neoaonueei?
o?eeia?? Aeaa?aea Eiaeaea“ – ?icaeyiooi ?iiaie “Iai?i i?noeyie”,
“Iaeaiueeee na?o”, “Neaaaoia i?ioan?y”, ia’?aeiai? aaoi?ii a
oi?aa?neoaonueeo o?eeia?th. Oeei oai?ai aeanoea? ?aeaeii-anoaoe/ia oa
?aeaeii-oaiaoe/ia ?aei?noue, ao?eaiiy iaea?eueo oa?aeoa?ieo ?en
oi?aa?neoaonueeeo ?iiai?a inoaii?o aeanyoee?oue. Iaeia c i?ia?aeieo ?en
oaeeo ?iiai?a – oea a?oioiaiee aiae?c no/aniiai a?eoainueeiai
oi?aa?neoaoo. AEai? ai?/iiai oeeeeo aea? iiaeeea?noue ienueiaiieeo
?ice?eoe oaio o oe?ieiio eie? i?iaeai. O Ae.Eiaeaea ciaoiaeeii anaa?/io
oa?aeoa?enoeeo no/aniiai oi?aa?neoaoo: ci?no oi?aa?neoaonueei? ina?oe;
aeeeaaeaoeueea ?iaioa, aeaaeai?/ia ea?’??a, ooieoe?iioaaiiy eaoaae?e;
oi?aa?neoao ye aeai?aei?noue aeeeaaea/-nooaeaio; oi?aa?neoaonueea iaoea,
iaoeia? eiioa?aioe??; oi?aa?neoao oa eiai i?noea o nioe?aeuei?e
no?oeoo?? noni?euenoaa.
O nai?o oi?aa?neoaonueeeo ?iiaiao Ae.Eiaeae iiaea? caaaeueio ea?oeio
?icaeoeo e?oa?aoo?iciaanoaa e?ioey 60 – 80-o ??. Iii?oia i?noea o oai?ao
iin?aeathoue e?oa?aoo?ii-oai?aoe/i? aeeneon??. A ieo aaoi? caiaeeoue
?acii no?oeoo?ae?no?a ? iinono?oeoo?ae?no?a, ia?eneno?a ? oi?iae?no?a,
i?eoeeueiee?a oaiiiaiieia?/ii? ? oai?i?noe/ii? e?eoeee. Aiae?c ?iiai?a
ienueiaiieea aea? ciiao noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui o ieo o?eno?oueny iniaeeaa
iiia?aeia ieiueia, yeo iiaeia aecia/eoe ye ?ioaeaeooaeueio. Oea, ia iaoo
aeoieo, icia/a?, ui iaaia noeoii?noue iaoeiaeo ?aeae i?iiiio?oueny a
?oi?e iieai?/i?e oa ae?aeia?/i?e ?aeiino? ? ia? ooieoe?iiaeueia
iaaaioaaeaiiy – iiaeaethaaiiy no/aniiai noaio ?icaeoeo
e?oa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/ii? aeoiee. O oeueiio iieyaa? iniaeea?noue ?iiai?a
“Iai?i i?noeyie”, “Iaeaiueeee na?o”, “Neaaaoia i?ioan?y”, yea
oa?aeoa?eco? caaaeii oi?aa?neoaonueeee ?iiai 70 – 80-o ??.
Noia?a/i?noue, yea e?e?oueny o aenieiio i?ecia/aii? oi?aa?neoaoo a
aiae?enueeiio noni?euenoa? ? iaa?aeiia?aeiino? eiai aenie?e iao?
(a?eueo?e /e iaio?e ia ie?aieo aoaiao ?noi?e/iiai ?icaeoeo) iiynith? oie
oaeo, ui ia?aaaaeia a?eueo?noue oi?aa?neoaonueei? i?ice ?icaeaa?oueny o
eii?/i?e o?aaeeoe??. ?iiaie Ae.Eiaeaea i?iaeiaaeothoue o?aaeeoe?th
ni?oiai? eoeueoo?e, yea oi?iaeiaae aeae?eueeio noie?oue ie?aeii
?icaeaa?oueny a aiae?enuee?e e?oa?aoo??, a naia o oai?ao A.O?eae?iaa,
E.Noa?ia, *.Ae?eaina, ?.Ai, I.Nia?e, O.Oa?ia oa aaaaoueio ?ioeo.
Iaeii/anii ne?ae iai’yoaoe, ui ienueiaiieee-“aeaaeai?ee” i?aoeththoue o
i?inoi?? iinoiiaea?i?noe/ii? e?oa?aoo?e, aeey yei? oa?aeoa?i? ia?iae?y,
??ii?y, i?eeii a?e. A?aoiaoth/e oe? aeaa aniaeoe, iiaeia i?eeoe aei
aeniiaeo, ui o ?iiaiao Ae.Eiaeaea, ye a oi?aa?neoaonueeiio ?iiai? 70 –
80-o ??. a oe?eiio, i?enooi? on? oi?ie eii?/iiai.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaeaie o?aaeeoe?? o oai?/ino? Ae.Eiaeaea aeiaiaeeoue,
ui iaoeia? ?ioa?ane ? aaaaoi??/iee e?oa?aoo?iciaa/ee aeina?ae
ienueiaiieea oi?iothoue eiai ooaeiaeith na?aeii?noue. Iae/ano?oa
Ae.Eiaeae caa?oaany aei oai?/i? niaaeueie Aeae.Aeaeiena, aeine?aeaeoth/e
iiaea?i?ci o e?oa?aoo?? OO no. Iiaeia i?eionoeoe, ui aiae?c oai?/ino?
ie?aieo ienueiaiiee?a, cie?aia Aeae.Aeaeiena, i?ioan?eia ciaiiy caeii?a,
ca yeeie noai?th?oueny ooaeiaei?e oa??, ?aae?ciaai? o aeanieo ?iiaiao
ienueiaiieea, oiaoi Ae.Eiaeae o nai?e oai?/ino? aeoiaeeoue ia eeoa c?
ni?eeiyooy aeecueeeo eiai anoaoeoe? ooaeiaei?o ?aeae, a e ?c
i?ioan?eiiai ciaiiy ooaeiaeiuei? e?oa?aoo?e.
O ?icae?e? oaeiae ?icaeyiooi iniaeeaino? iiia?aeii? no?oeoo?e ?iiai?a
“Iai?i i?noeyie”, “Iaeaiueeee na?o”, “Neaaaoia i?ioan?y” Ae.Eiaeaea.
Iiia?aeia iiaoaeiaa ?iiai?a “Iai?i i?noeyie“, “Iaeaiueeee na?o”,
“Neaaaoia i?ioan?y” iana a?aeaeoee iaoeiai? na?aeiiino? aaoi?a.
Iniaeeaiai cia/aiiy o ?iiaiao iaaoaa? i?eioeei a?ia?ieo iiiceoe?e, yeee
eaaeeoue a iniia? iiaoaeiae nthaeaoo, eiiiiceoe?? oa ia?acii? nenoaie
on?o o?ueio ?iiai?a. Iai?eeeaae, ?iiai “Iai?i i?noeyie“ ia?
i?aecaaieiaie “?iciia?aeue i?i aeaa eaiione”, yeee aioo? /eoa/a aei
aaaaeaiiy ia?aeaeueii? iiaoaeiae, ui, ca caaeoiii, iaaoaea ci?noo
a?ia?ii? iiiceoe??. Aaoi? i?iiiio? /eoa/aa? iinoaaeoe nai???aeiee
aenia?eiaio: ui noaiaoueny, yeui aeaio a?eueii ia?aieo aeeeaaea/?a,
ethaeae iaeiiai a?eo, nioe?aeueiiai ? n?iaeiiai noaio iii?iyoe i?noeyie.
C?iaeaoe i?eioeei a?ia?iino? iniiaiei o no?oeoo?i?e iiaoaeia?,
ienueiaiiee ?icaeyaea? a?aei?iiino? ??cieo oei?a ethaeeie, niinia?a
aeeooy, nenoai ina?oe, aea oea ia ?aeeia eiai iaoa. Ia iaio aaaeeeaei
aeey ienueiaiieea aenooia? oa ni?eueia, ui eaaeeoue a iniia? aeeooy
ethaeeie, ?? na?oini?eeiyooy, iiaeae? iiaaae?iee. Iieacoth/e ia?aeaeueii
nai?o ia?niiaae?a, i?aee?anethth/e iaeii/ani?noue neooaoe?e, a yeeo aiie
iieiythoueny, /anoi canoiniaoth/e neiainiieo/aiiy “naia a oeae iiiaio“,
“o oie naiee /an”, aaoi? aeinyaa? aenieiai ??aiy ocaaaeueiaiiy. Aeiey
eiaeiiai c ieo aenooia? ?iaa??aioii aeie? ethaeeie ca iiae?aieo
ianoaaei. Eiaeiee c ieo – oea nai???aeia “y” ?ioiai. O ?iiai? “Neaaaoia
i?ioan?y” a?ia?ia iiiceoe?y iaaoaa? ua oe?oiai cia/aiiy. C?ooiaooth/e o
oai?? aeeeaaea/eo ?ia?i Iai?ioc, yea ?ai?acaioo? ?ioaeaeooaeueio ae?oo ?
i?aei?e?ioey A?ea A?eeiena, i?aaenoaaieea ian-eoeueoo?e, aaoi? ii??aith?
?oi? iioiaeaeaiiy, ina?oo, caaaeueiee ??aaiue eoeueoo?e, aeooiai?,
ii?aeuei? ? nioe?aeuei? ?aeaaee. Ia?niiaae? Ae.Eiaeaea ?
i?aaenoaaieeaie aeaio ??cieo eoeueoo?ieo i?ioa?e?a, ye? aaoi? aaaaea?
iaeiioe?ai?oeie o no/aniiio a?eoainueeiio noni?euenoa?. Aiie
oiniaeththoue aeaa oeie na?oiaeyaeo ? iaioaeueiino?. Oea aea? ciiao
noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui o ?iiai? “Neaaaoia i?ioan?y” /a?ac a?ia?io
iiiceoe?th, yea eaaeeoue a iniia? nthaeaoo ? iia’ycaia c nthaeaoieie
e?i?yie ?ia?i Iai?ioc ? A?ea A?eeiena, ia?aaea?oueny oeaio?aeueia ?aeay
?iiaio: o na?o? ?niothoue aea? iaoe?? – iaoeiaoe?a ? i?aei?e?ioe?a,
oai?aoee?a ? i?aeoee?a, ae?iie ? /ieia?e?a, iiaeieaiiy i???ae
ia?icoi?iiy i?ae yeeie noaiiaeoue neeaaeio i?iaeaio no/aniino?.
O?iaee ?iiai?a “Iai?i i?noeyie” ? “Iaeaiueeee na?o” oa?aeoa?ecothoueny
a?aenooi?noth o?aaeeoe?eii? caaa?oaiino?. Ienueiaiiee oieea? inoaiiueiai
aaoi?nueeiai neiaa: iai?eeeaae, o ia?oiio ?iiai? – ?i?ooth/e coieieo
e?iieaia?e. O?aaeeoe?ei?, ia ia?oee iiaeyae, ai?a?aoe aei ?iiaio
“Neaaaoia i?ioan?y” iathoue aeiaeaoeia? cia/aiiy, aiie iaaeathoue
oai?ia? iie?oii?/iiai cao/aiiy ?, c oe??? oi/ee ci?o, ? na?ae/aiiyi
?ioaeaeooae?caoe?? no/anii? ?iiai?noeee.
O aeniiaeao ocaaaeueiaii ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy.
I?aee?aneaii, ui aeine?aeaeaiiy oai?/iai aei?iaeo a?aeiiiai no/aniiai
aiae?enueeiai ienueiaiieea ? e?oa?aoo?iciaaoey Ae. Eiaeaea o eiioaeno?
?icaeoeo oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio 70 – 80-o ??. OO no. ni?ey? aeeaoiio
?icoi?iith e?oa?aoo?iiai i?ioeano inoaii?o aeanyoee?oue o Aaeee?e
A?eoai??, aeyaey? niaoeeo?/io iniaeea?noue no/anii? ooaeiaeiuei?
e?oa?aoo?e – ?? nii??aeiai?noue ?c no/aniith oai?aoeei-e?oa?aoo?iith
aeoieith.
O aeniiaeao oaeiae iaaieioaii ia oiio, ui oi?aa?neoaonueeee ?iiai 70 –
80-o ??. OO no. noaiiaeoue ie?aiee aoai ?icaeoeo oi?aa?neoaonueeiai
oaenoo, ine?eueee naia o oeae ia??iae a?i iaaoaa? ye?nii iiaiai
cia/aiiy. Ii-ia?oa, ?icaeaath/enue o iaaeao aeaaeai?/ii? eoeueoo?e
ae?oai? iieiaeie OO no., a?i a?aeoai?th? iniiai? ?ene
iinoiiaea?i?noe/ii? iaioaeueiino? ? ni?ey? ?icoi?iith aa??aoeaieo
iniaeeainoae aiae?enueei? e?oa?aoo?e aeiae iinoiiaea?i?cio. Ii-ae?oaa,
?icnoaathoueny eiai “e?oa?aoo?i?” iaae? ca ?aooiie aaaaeaiiy iioea?a
e?oa?aoo?ii? oai??? ? e?eoeee, o ooaeiaei?e oi?i? iaaiai?ththoueny
no/ani? iaoeia? i?iaeaie. Oeae oaiiiai, oa?aeoa?iee aeey no/aniiai
?iiaio, iiaeia iacaaoe naiiinieneaiiyi e?oa?aoo?e.
?icaeyae e?oa?aoo?iciaa/eo iiaeyae?a Ae.Eiaeaea i?aeoaa?aeaeo?
caei??iai?noue eiai iiaeyae?a o oi?iae?noe/ii ci???ioiaaieo
eiioeaioe?yo, ?ioa?an ienueiaiieea aei iiaieo i?iaeai ooaeiaeiueiai
oai?o. Ao?i, Eiaeae – e?oa?aoo?iee e?eoee ia caia?a/o? iaoeiaeo
iiaeeeainoae ??cieo e?oa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/ieo iaoiae?a aeine?aeaeaiiy oai?o.
Nai?th /a?aith, aieea iaoeiaiai na?oiaeyaeo ia ooaeiaei? iiooee
ienueiaiieea, ?ioaineaia aca?iiae?y oai??? e?oa?aoo?e oa e?oa?aoo?ii?
i?aeoeee ? niaoeeo?/iith ?enith ooaeiaeiuei? ae?yeueiino? Ae. Eiaeaea, a
oaeiae oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio 70 -80-o ??. OO no. a oe?eiio.
Oi?aa?neoaonuee? ?iiaie ienueiaiieea i?noyoue aeaiaioe, aeanoea?
iinoiiaea?i?noe/i?e e?oa?aoo??: iiaea?eia eiaeoaaiiy, i?eeii a?e,
aaoi?nuee? ianee, aaoieiiaioa??. ?acii c oei, o ieo iaia?
?aaeeeaeueiiai ?ic?eao c o?aaeeoe?yie aiae?enueeiai ?iiaio.
Ie?aneai? iniaeeaino? aiae?enueeiai ?iiaio i?i oi?aa?neoao
oiiaeeeaeththoue aeniiaie i?i iiaeaeueoo ?ioaeaeooae?caoe?th
aiae?enueei? ?iiai?noeee, i?i ?? ni?acao/i?noue oei oaiaeaioe?yi
no/aniiai ienoaoeoaa, ye? iicia/athoue iiiyooyie “iinoiiaea?i?ci”,
“iinoeoeueoo?a”, “iinono/ani?noue”.
Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy oa ie?ai? aeniiaee c oaie aeena?oaoe?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeeaaeai? o oaeeo ioae?eaoe?yo:
1.Oai?/?noue Aeaa?aea Eiaeaea ? aeaaeai?/iee eiioaeno. – E.: Aaiaca,
1998.- 99 n.
2.Aieea e?iaa?noe/ieo i?aoeue ?.sseianiia ia e?oa?aoo?iciaa/? iiaeyaee
Aeaa?aea Eiaeaea // ?iicaiia o?eieia?y. – Euea?a. – 1993. – Aei. 105. –
N.152-159.
3.Noaiiaeaiiy aeaaeai?/ii? eoeueoo?e OO noie?ooy ? i?iaeaie
iinoiiaea?i?cio // A?niee Euea?anuee. oi-oo. Na?. ?no. – Euea?a. – 1999.
– Aei. 34. – N. 383 – 391.
4. ?aea? I. Aaoo?ia o oai?/ino? Aeaa?aea Eiaeaea // Iaoa??aee
i?aeia?iaeii? eiioa?aioe?? “Iiaa. Eoeueoo?a. Aca?ii?icoi?iiy”,
i?enay/aii? iai’yo? i?io. ?.A.E?ioaae/a. N?/aiue 1997. – Euea?a, 1997. –
N. 451-455.
Aaiae?ianueea I.O. Oai?/?noue Aeaa?aea Eiaeaea ? aiae?enueeee
oi?aa?neoaonueeee ?iiai 70 – 80-o ?ie?a OO no. – ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa o?eieia?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 10.01.04 – e?oa?aoo?a ca?oa?aeieo e?a?i. –
Euea?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea, Euea?a, 1999.
O ?iaio? aeieeaaeii ?icaeyiooi oai?/?noue no/aniiai ienueiaiieea ?
e?oa?aoo?iciaaoey, i?ioani?a aiae?enueei? e?oa?aoo?e Ae.Eiaeaea ye
i?aaenoaaieea aiae?enueeiai oi?aa?neoaonueeiai ?iiaio 70 – 80-o ??. OO
no. Eiioaenoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ia?aii ?icaeoie oi?aa?neoaonueeiai oaenoo
aiae?enueei? e?oa?aoo?e ? aieea iinoiiaea?i?cio ia no/anio e?oa?aoo?o.
E?oa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/i? iiiia?ao?? ienueiaiieea ?icaeyiooi o eiioaeno?
e?oa?aoo?iciaanoaa ae?oai? iieiaeie OO no., cie?aia no?oeoo?ae?cio,
iinono?oeoo?ae?cio, ia?aoieia??. Aeiaiaeeoueny, ui o ?iiaiao
ienueiaiieea ii?aeiothoueny ?ene ?aae?noe/iiai ? iinoiiaea?i?noe/iiai
oei?a ?iiaio.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: Ae.Eiaeae, oi?aa?neoaonueeee ?iiai, oi?aa?neoaonueeee
oaeno aiae?enueei? e?oa?aoo?e, aeaaeai?/ia eoeueoo?a, iinoiiaea?i?ci,
no?oeoo?a iiia?ae?, i?iaeaia aaoi?a.
O. Bandrovska. Novels and Criticism by David Lodge and the University
Novel of the 1970s – 1980s. – A Manuscript.
Thesis for a Candidate’s Degree by speciality 10.01.04 – literature of
foreign countries. Ivan Franko Lviv State University, Lviv, 1999.
The work considers the novels and critical works of a modern English
writer, a man of literature, professor of Modern English Literature
D.Lodge who represents the English university novel in the 1970s –
1980s. The evolution of a university text of English literature and the
influence of postmodernism on modern literature are chosen as a context
of the research. The critical books are investigated in the context of
literary studies of the second half of the XXth century, namely
structuralism, poststructuralism, narratology. It is motivated that
D.Lodge’s novels have both realistic and postmodern features.
Key words: D.Lodge, the university novel, the university text of English
literature, the academic culture, postmodernism, narrative structure,
the problem of the author.
Aaiae?ianeay I.O. Oai?/anoai Aeaaeaea Eiaeaea e aiaeeeneee
oieaa?neoaoneee ?iiai 70 – 80-o OO no. – ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oeeieiae/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 10.01.04 – eeoa?aoo?a ca?oaaaeiuo no?ai. –
Eueaianeee ainoaea?noaaiiue oieaa?neoao eiaie Eaaia O?aiei, Eueaia,
1999.
A ?aaioa ?anniao?eaaaony oai?/anoai nia?aiaiiiai aiaeeeneiai ienaoaey e
eeoa?aoo?iaaaea, i?ioanni?a aiaeeeneie eeoa?aoo?u Ae.Eiaeaea, eioi?ue
yaeyaony i?aaenoaaeoaeai aiaeeeneiai oieaa?neoaoneiai ?iiaia 70 – 80-o
aa. OO a. Eiioaenoii enneaaeiaaiey neoaeao yaiethoeey oieaa?neoaoneiai
oaenoa aiaeeeneie eeoa?aoo?u e aeeyiea iinoiiaea?iecia ia nia?aiaiioth
eeoa?aoo?o. Auaeaeaiea 70 – 80-o aa. OO no. iauyniyaony oai oaeoii, /oi
e iiaua eeoa?aoo?iua oai?ee, e iiaua i?eioeeiu e i?e?iu ioia?aaeaiey
ie?a a eeoa?aoo?a ?aaeeciaaiu a oieaa?neoaoneeo ?iiaiao aeaiiiai
ia?eiaea.
Aiaeec eeoa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/aneeo iiiia?aoee Ae.Eiaeaea “?iiaieno ia
ia?aioouea”, “I?e?iu nia?aiaiiiai ienueia, “Ii Aaooeio” aea?o
aiciiaeiinoue ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi o/aiue i?iyaeyao cia/eoaeueiue eioa?an
e nia?aiaiiui oa/aieyi a eeoa?aoo?iaaaeaiee, a /anoiinoe e
no?oeoo?aeecio, iinono?oeoo?aeecio, ia??aoieiaee, e o/eouaaao eo
iieiaeaiey i?e ?anniio?aiee oaeeo i?iaeai eae ii?aaeaeaiea iiiyoee
“ooaeiaeanoaaiiay eeoa?aoo?a”, “ooaeiaeanoaaiiue ?aaeeci”, i?iaeaia
aaoi?a. Aeey aiaeeca eeoa?aoo?u OO no. Ae.Eiaeae eniieuecoao
eiioeaioeeth ?.sseianiia i iaoaoi?a e iaoiieiee, oaeaeyy cia/eoaeueioth
/anoue naiaai aieiaiey enneaaeiaaieth iinoiiaea?ienoneiai aeeneo?na. Ia
o?iaia no?oeoo?iie i?aaiecaoeee iinoiiaea?ienoneea oaenou
oa?aeoa?ecothony oaeeie i?e?iaie eae i?ioeai?a/eainoue, ia?iooaoeey,
neo/aeiinoue, ei?ioeia caiueaiea. Ana iie, n/eoaao o/?iue, yaeythony
oi?iaeueiui naeaeaoaeuenoaii ?ac?ooaiey annioeeaoeaiuo naycae iiaeiaey e
niaaeiinoe, i?eioeeiia ioai?a ooaeiaeanoaaiiiai iaoa?eaea, oa?aeoa?iuo
eeoa?aoo?a i?aaeuaeoueo ia?eiaeia, a oaeaea i?iyaeaieai o?aaiaioa?iinoe
– iaeiie ec iniiaiuo /a?o iinoiiaea?ienoneiai oaenoa. Enneaaeoy
noaiiaeaiea ?aciuo oeiia e?eoeee a Aaeeeia?eoaiee, Ae.Eiaeae oeacuaaao,
/oi ai aoi?ie iieiaeia OO no., aaaeouaa iieiaeaiea caieiaao
aeaaeaie/aneay e?eoeea. Iia a cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie aeeyao ia
iai?aaeaiea ?acaeoey eeoa?aoo?u, ii a oi aea a?aiy inoa?ony ioi?aaiiie
io iau/iiai /eoaoaey.
N?aaee iiiaeo eiioeaioeee aaoi?a Ae.Eiaeae auaeaeyao enneaaeiaaiey
ia??aoieiaee. Ii ?anniao?eaaao aaoi?a n oi/ee c?aiey eiiioieeaoeaiie
oeaie aaoi? – oaeno – /eoaoaeue, n/eoay, /oi aieaa aeoaieia iiieiaiea
aeeaeiaa iaaeaeo aaoi?ii e /eoaoaeai niinianoaoao iiieiaieth iniiaiuo
oaiaeaioeee nia?aiaiiie eeoa?aoo?u. Iao/iue oei iuoeaiey ienaoaey
?aaeecoaony a aeooaeecaoeee ?aciuo iiaanoaiaaoaeueiuo einoaioeee
iaiin?aaenoaaiii a oaenoa aai ?iiaiia. A ieo n iinoiiaea?ienoneie
iiceoeee Ae.Eiaeae iaua?uaaao aaoi?a eae oaenoiaoth e aiaoaenoiaoth
eaoaai?eth.
A ?aaioa oaeaea ?anniao?eaathony i?iaeaiaoeea e iiyoeea ?iiaiia
Ae.Eiaeaea “Iaiai ianoaie”, “Ie? oanai”, “Neaaiay i?ioanney”. ?iiaiu
ienaoaey i?i oieaa?neoao e aai ianoi a iauanoaa, i?i oieaa?neoaoneeo
i?aiiaeaaaoaeae e nenoaio aiaeeeneiai ia?aciaaiey iaienaiu a eiie/aneie
o?aaeeoeee aiaeeeneie eeoa?aoo?u.
Cia/eoaeueiay ianuuaiiinoue iioeaaie nia?aiaiiie eeoa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/aneie
iunee – iaeia ec nouanoaaiiuo iniaaiiinoae yoeo ?iiaiia. Iiaeii
ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi niaieoiiinoue iao/iuo eaeae, iiaeaiiuo a eo
aeeaeiae/aneii e iieaie/aneii aaeeinoaa, eiaao naiae oeaeueth
iiaeaee?iaaiea eeoa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/aneie iunee ia nia?aiaiiii yoaia. A
?aaioa oaeaea aeieacuaaaony, /oi iiiaieaoiee eeoa?aoo?iaaae/aneee iiuo
Ae.Eiaeaea oi?ie?oao ooaeiaeanoaaiiia niciaiea ienaoaey. Cia/eoaeueiia
aeeyiea ia iaai ieacaee ooaeiaeanoaaiiua ioe?uoey Aeae.Aeaeiena. Ia
o?iaia no?oeoo?iie i?aaiecaoeee ?iiaiia iniaaiiia cia/aiea eiaao
i?eioeei aeia?iuo iiiiceoeee, eioi?ue eaaeeo a iniiaa iino?iaiey
nthaeaoa e ia?aciie nenoaiu ai anao o?ao ?iiaiao ienaoaey.
A oeaeii aiaeeeneee oieaa?neoaoneee ?iiai 70 – 80-o aa., nio?aiyy
oeiieiae/aneea iniaaiiinoe aiaeeeneiai ?iiaia i?i oieaa?neoao, yaeyaony
aaaeiie ninoaaiie eioaeeaeooaeueiiai ?iiaia OO aaea, aeaao
i?aaenoaaeaiea i iooyo ?acaeoey nia?aiaiiie aiaeeeneie eeoa?aoo?u, i
naiaia?acee au?aaeaiey a iae oao oaiaeaioeee nia?aiaiiiai ie?a, eioi?ua
au?aaeathony iiiyoeai “iinoiiaea?ieci”.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: Ae.Eiaeae, oieaa?neoaoneee ?iiai, oieaa?neoaoneee oaeno
aiaeeeneie eeoa?aoo?u, aeaaeaie/aneay eoeueoo?a, iinoiiaea?ieci,
no?oeoo?a iiaanoaiaaiey, i?iaeaia aaoi?a.
I?aeienaii aei ae?oeo 07.10.1999 ?. Oi?iao 60o90/ 16
Iai?? ionaoiee. Oiiae. Ae?oe. a?e.1,2
Iaeeaae 120 i?ei. Cai. ? 396
Iaae?oeiaaii aeaeaaie/ei oeaio?ii
Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? ?aaia O?aiea.
290602, i. Euea?a, aoe. N?/iaeo No??eueoe?a,14
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