7
Eoaainueeee aea?aeaaiee iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao
?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea
OAeE 785.022 (048)
OEO??I Ieaenaiae? ?aaiiae/
AEOIAAIIss II?AEUeII? EOEUeOO?E
NOA?OIEEANIEE?A CANIAAIE IENOAOeOAA
13.00.01 – Oai??y oa ?noi??y iaaeaaia?ee
A a o i ? a o a ? a o
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe
Eoaainuee – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia a Eoaainueeiio aea?aeaaiiio
iaaeaaia?/iiio
oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – caneoaeaiee ae?y/ iaoee ? oaoi?ee Oe?a?ie, /eai-
ei?aniiiaeaio AII Oe?a?ie,
aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/-
ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
Oaa/aiei Aaeeia
Iaae?aia, caa?aeoaa/ea
eaoaae?e iaaeaaia?ee
Eoaainueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
iaaeaaia?/iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana
Oaa/aiea
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe – aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Nouaiei
Oaoyia ?aai?aia, caa?aeoaa/ea
eaoaae?e oai??? ?
iaoiaeeee aeoiaii? ?iaioe
Caii??cueeiai
iaeaniiai ?inoeoooo
oaeineiiaeaiiy a/eoae?a
eaiaeeaeao iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio Nei/aiei
Aaea??e ?aaiiae/, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e iaaea-aia?ee Neia’yinueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai ?inoeoooo
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – Aeiiaoeueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao, eaoaae?a
iaaeaaia?ee.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny ” 28 “ aeiaoiy 1999 ?ieo i 17-00 aiaeei?
ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E.29.053.01 o Eoaainueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio iaaeaaia?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea ca
aae?anith: 348011, i. Eoaainuee, aoe. Iai?iiia, 2
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? Eoaainueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee ” 27 ” aa?aniy 1999 ?ieo
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
E.E.Aooaiei
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA AeINE?AeAEAIIss
Aeooaeuei?noue ? nooi?iue aeine?aeaeaiino? i?iaeaie. No/aniee
aeiiii?/iee ? nioe?ieoeueoo?iee noai noni?euenoaa cia/ii caaino?ea
i?iaeaio ii?aeueiiai aeoiaaiiy, ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e i?ae?inoath/eo
iieie?iue. Ii?aeuei?noue – no?eaeaiue aeooiaiino? iniaenoino?. O i?e
noieoniaai? e a?aeaeca?eaeththoueny an? nioe?aeuei? iaaooee, aaaaonoai e
oe?iiino? ethaenueeiai aoooy.
I?iaeaia aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e – oea i?iaeaia oi?ioaaiiy
ethaenueeiai a ethaeei?, ?? aeooo, aoiai?noe/ieo oe?iiinoae, “aeia?iai
?icoio”, aoiai?noe/ii? na?aeiiino?, aoiai?noe/iiai ciaiiy. Ii?aeueia
eoeueoo?a iana a nia? caaaeueiiethaenuee? oe?iiino?, iaoe?iiaeuei?
ii?aeuei? ?aeaaee, ui a?aeaeaathoue ??aaiue ?icaeoeo oeea?e?caoe?? a
eiie?aoiee ?noi?e/iee ia??iae. Eiaeia ?noi?e/ia aiioa aenoaa? nai?
e?eoa??? ii?ae? noni?euenoaa e ii?aeueiino? iniaenoino?, ui na?ae/eoue
i?i iaae/a?ii?noue ? a?/io aaaaoianiaeoi?noue i?iaeai ii?aeueii?
eoeueoo?e, ia’?eoeaaoe?th iino?eii? iio?aae ?? aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Nueiaiaei?oi? oeiey??-noa?oieeanieee cia/ii a?ae??ciythoueny a?ae nai?o
?iaaniee?a 60-80-o ?ie?a. ?aeaaee aeoiaaiiy a aeon? eieaeoea?cio,
a?aeaeaiino? eiiniiieo e Eiioi?noe/i?e ia?o??, ye? aoee oiae? iniiaieie
i???ioe?aie nioe?aeueii? ae?yeueiino?, noaee iaaeeoo?caeaoieie,
ci?ieeany ???a?o?y ii?aeueieo oe?iiinoae. Ca na?ae/aiiyi aeine?aeiee?a
?.I.Ao??ii?, ?.A.Aiiaea?aanueei?, E.I.Ao?ai?, nueiaiaei? ia ia?oa i?noea
o noa?oieeaniee?a aenooia? iaoa – aeinyaiaiiy aaeeeeo oni?o?a a ?iaio?,
aea?aeiiai naiiaecia/aiiy, caaacia/aiiy nia? aeaaiiieo//y, i?aaiaiiy
aenoiyoe, aeaeeoe, aeoiaaoe yeino? noi?ea. Oea i?aee?aneth? eii/o
iaiao?aei?noue iiooeo iiaeo i?aeoiae?a, iaaeaaia?/ieo oaoiieia?e
aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueiino?, ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e thiae?a ? ae?a/ao o
caaaeueiiina?oi?e oeie? an?o no/anieo oei?a.
Aiae?c noaio aeine?aeaeaiino? ieoaiue ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e
noa?oi-eeaniee?a na?ae/eoue i?i iino?eio oaaao a/aieo ??cieo aaeocae
ciaiue aei ieoaiue ii?ae? e ii?aeueiino? ia iaoiaeieia?/iiio,
oai?aoe/iiio ? i?aeoe/iiio ??aiyo.
Ia iaoiaeieia?/iiio ??ai? i?iaeaia i?aaenoaaeaia a ?iaioao aioe/ieo
o?einio?a (A??noioaeue, Ieaoii, Nie?ao), i?aaenoaaiee?a eeane/ii?
o?einio?? (A.A.O.Aaaaeue, ?.Eaio, E.Oae??aao), oe?a?inueei? o?einio??
(A.N.Neiai?iaea, ss.Eicaeuenueeee, I.Ae.TH?eaae/). I?iaeaia ii?aeueieo
aniaeo?a eoeueoo?e ciaeoea a?aeia?aaeaiiy a i?aoeyo O.I?oeoa,
A.N.Nieiaeiaa, A.Oaaeoea?a, I.Oaey?a aea Oa?aeaia; nioe?ieoeueoo?ia
?ieue ?ae?a?? – o ?iaioao O.Aaeiia, E.Oae??aaoa, A.?annaea oa ?ioeo.
I?iaeaie ii?aeueiino? e ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e aea/aeeny no/anieie
o?einioaie N.O.Ai?n?iiaei, ?.A.Ai?a-nyiii, A.N.A?aea?ii, Ae.AE.Aaea?aei,
A.A.Aonaeiiaei, I.A.Ae?iaieoeueeei, I.?.Eaaeoeueeith, A.?.Oeoa?aiei oa
?i.
Iaaeaaia?/iee aniaeo a?aeaeoi a ?iaioao E.I.A?oaiaaeuenueeiai,
?.A.Aiiaea?aanueei?, I.N.Aiaaeaiiai?, Ae.?.Aiaeceinueeiai,
E.A.Aaa?eeiaaoeue, Ae.I.A?eoeia, A.I.Aoiieoeueeiai, A.I.Ao?eia,
A.A.Cineiianueeiai, ?.A.Cycthia, A.N.Eiaca?y, I.A.Ee?e/oea, E.A.Eiaaeue,
?.N.Ia?’?iea, O.I.Iaeueeianueei?, A.?.Iao?iai?, E.?.?oaeinueeiai,
?.O.Naaaeeianueeiai, I.I.Oea/iai?, A.?.Oaioo?eii?, I.?.Uo?eiai?,
?.O.Oa?eaiiaa, I.Ae. ss?ia-/aiea oa ?i., o aeine?aeaeaiiyo ca?oa?aeieo
aaoi??a (E.?iaeaea?n, E.Eieueaa?a, A.O?aa?in, I.Aeaoo, ?.Iaea?,
N.Ee?ioii, A.Aaiiao oa ?i.).
Ineoieia?/i? aniaeoe ii?aeueiiai ?icaeoeo iniaenoino? ?icaeyaeathoueny a
?iaioao ?.Ae.Aaoa, I.I.Aiaeaeueiaa, A.N.A?aoony, Ae.A.Eieaniaa,
N.A.sseianii oa ?i.
Iaeiei ?c aoaeoeaieo cania?a ii?aeueiiai aeoiaaiiy ? ienoaoeoai, yea
ao?eth? a nia? a?/i? caaaeueiiethaenuee? e ii?aeuei? oe?iiino?, o yeeo
i?inoaaeo?oueny ii?aeueia neea ethaenueeiai aeooo, aea?? nieneo aeeooy,
aeaaiaia?iiy ia?aae aeeooyi. Aca?iica’ycie ii?aeueiino? oa ienoaoeoaa
?ice?eoi a ?iaioao E.A.Aeueio?ii?, E.?.Eoi/aai?, A.I.Ioee?ia,
A.I.?a-coiiiai, A.?.Oienoeo oa ?i. Ieoaiiy ae?aeaeoe/ii? ?aeiino?
ii?aeueiiai oa anoaoe/iiai aeoiaaiiy aeine?aeaeothoue I.E.Eaeca?ia,
I.I.Nieieiaa, TH.I.Oeaeiye oa ?i.
Iaeiae na?aae iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue ie ia cono??ee oe?e?niiai iiaeyaeo
ia aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e no/aniiai oeiey?a caniaaie ienoaoeoaa,
ui e iaoiiaeei aea?? oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy “Aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e
noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie ienoaoeoaa”.
Ia’?eo aeine?aeaeaiiy – i?ioean aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e
noa?oieeaniee?a.
I?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy – oeyoe aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e
noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie ienoaoeoaa.
Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy – oai?aoe/ia ia??oiooaaiiy nooiino? ii?aeueii?
eoeueoo?e noa?oieeaniee?a oa aecia/aiiy iaea?eueo aoaeoeaieo oeyo?a ??
aeoiaaiiy.
A?iioaca aeine?aeaeaiiy – aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e noa?oi-eaniee?a
iaea?eueo aoaeoeaii iiaea cae?enithaaoeny, yeui a nenoai? aeoiaii?
?iaioe ii?aeuei? oe?iiino? aoaeooue ?ice?eaaoeny /a?ac anoaoe/ia
ia?aaeeaaiiy ooaeiaeiueiai ia?aco; yeui oyaeaiiy i?i ii?ie ii?aeueiino?
c o?aooaaiiyi caaaeueiiethaenueeiai e iaoe?iiaeueiiai aoaeooue
cae??iethaaoeny a ii?aeueieo ai?aaao noa?oieeaniee?a oeyoii ?o o/ano? a
??cieo aeaeao oai?/i? ooaeiaeiuei-anoaoe/ii? ae?yeueiino? oa
nioe?ieoeueoo?i?e iiaaae?ioe?.
O a?aeiia?aeiino? c iaoith oa a?iioacith aeine?aeaeaiiy aoee aenoioo?
ianooii? caaaeaiiy:
1. Ia i?aenoaa? aiae?co o?einionueei?, eoeueoo?ieia?/ii?,
ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ii? e?oa?aoo?e aecia/eoe iaoiaeieia?/i? oa
oai?aoe/i? iniiae aeaii? i?iaeaie.
2. Ia??oiooaaoe nooi?noue e no?oeoo?o ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e
noa?oieeaniee?a.
3. ?ice?eoe oeyoe oa iaaeaaia?/i? oaoiieia?? aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii?
eoeueoo?e noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie ienoaoeoaa.
O aeine?aeaeaii? aoei aeei?enoaii eiiieaen oai?aoe/ieeo oa aii??e/ieo
iaoiae?a: ?noi?eei-aaiaoe/iee aiae?c, aiae?c o?einionueei?,
eoeueoo?ieia?/ii? oa ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ii? e?oa?aoo?e ca i?iaeaiith
aeine?aeaeaiiy, iaaeaaia?/ia niinoa?aaeaiiy, iaaeaaia?/iee aenia?eiaio,
aieaooaaiiy, aan?aee, iaoiae aenia?oieo ioe?iie, ae?aaiinooaaiiy oa
oai?/? caaaeaiiy.
Iaoiaeieia?/iith oa oai?aoe/iith iniiaith aeine?aeaeaiiy aoee
o?einionuee?, eoeueoo?ieia?/i?, aeania aoe/i? eiioeaioe?? ca?oa?aeieo oa
a?o/eciyieo o/aieo i?i ii?aeueio nooi?noue iniaenoino?, i?i ?ieue oa
ooieoe?? ienoaoeoaa a iaeooioai?aii? iniaenoino?, o aecia/aii?
ii?aeueii-aoe/iiai ?aeaaeo.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?ioiaeeei o o?e aoaie.
Ia ia?oiio aoai? (1990-1991 ??.) aea/aeanue o?einionueea,
eoeueoo?ieia?/ia, iaaeaaia?/ia e?oa?aoo?a, cae?enithaaany aiae?c noaio
ii?aeueii? aeoiaaiino? noa?oieeaniee?a.
Ia ae?oaiio aoai? (1991-1993 ??.) ?ic?iaeyany iaoiaee/iee ?ino?oiaioa??e
aeine?aeaeaiiy e i?ia?aie aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e noa?oieeaniee?a
caniaaie ienoaoeoaa.
Ia o?aoueiio aoai? (1993-1998 ??.) i?iaiaeeany aenia?eiaio
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ?ic?iaeyeenue a?aeiia?aei? iaaeaaia?/i? oaoiieia??,
aiae?coaaeeny ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia e oai?aoe/ia cia/aiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy: aecia/aia
nooi?noue iiiyooy “ii?aeueia eoeueoo?a noa?oieeaniee?a”, eiai no?oeoo?a,
iaoai?ci aeoiaaiiy caniaaie ienoaoeoaa caaaeyee niaoe?aeueii ?ic?iaeai?e
i?ia?ai?, ?ice?eoi aca?iica’ycie ii?aeueieo ? anoaoe/ieo oe?iiinoae.
I?aeoe/ia cia/ou?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a ?ic?iaoe? iaaeaaia?/ieo
oaoiieia?e aeei?enoaiiy ienoaoeoaa o aeoiaaii? ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e
noa?oieeaniee?a.
A??ia?aei?noue iaoeiaeo ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy caaacia/o?oueny
oe?e?niei i?aeoiaeii aei aiae?co oai?aoe/iiai oa
aeine?aeii-aenia?eiaioaeueiiai iaoa??aeo, canoinoaaiiyi eiiieaeno
aca?iiaeiiiaithth/eo iaoiae?a, ui a?aeiia?aeathoue iao? oa caaaeaiiyi
aeine?aeaeaiiy, ai?iaaoe??th iniiaieo iieiaeaiue aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe
ia i?aeoeoe?.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy cae?enithaaeany i?ae /an /eoaiiy
eo?no “Cieioa i?aaeei ii?aeueiino?” a Eoaainuee?e iaeani?e a?iiac??,
Eene/ainuee?e a?iiac??, iaaiai?aiiy iaoa??ae?a aeine?aeaeaiiy ia
eaoaae?? iaaeaaia?ee Eoaainueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea, ui??/iiai iia?aeiieaiiy ia
oi?aa?neoaonuee?e iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe??. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy
a?aeia?aaeai? a 7 ioae?eaoe?yo, c ieo o?e o iaoeiaeo oaoiaeo aeaeaiiyo.
O ?iaioao, iioae?eiaaieo o ni?aaaoi?noa?, iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a
iieyaa? a ?ic?iaoe? nooiino? no?oeoo?ieo aeaiaio?a ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e
noa?oieeaniee?a, iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e i?aoe?aieeai iicaoe?eueieo
aeoiaieo caeeaae?a c ieoaiue ii?aeueii-anoaoe/iiai aeoiaaiiy,
ia??oiooaaii? ?ie? a/eoaey a ii?aeueiiio aeoiaaii? oeiey??a.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a iieyaa? a ?ic?iaoe? ia oai?aoe/iiio ?
i?aeoe/iiio ??aiyo nooiino? ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e noa?oieeaniee?a ?
aecia/aii? niaoeeo?/ieo oeyo?a ?? aeoiaaiiy caniaaie ienoaoeoaa.
Ia caoeno aeiinyoueny ianooii? iieiaeaiiy:
1. Oai?aoe/ia ?ic?iaea e iaoiaeieia?/ia ia??oiooaaiiy iniia aeoiaaiiy
ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie ienoaoeoaa.
2. Nooi?noue iiiyooy “ii?aeueia eoeueoo?a noa?oieeaniee?a”, eiai
no?oeoo?a oa ci?no.
3. Aoaeoeai? oeyoe aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e noa?oieeaniee?a.
No?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, aeaio ?icae?e?a,
aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae. Iniiaiee ianya ?iaioe neeaaea?
160 noi??iie. Nienie aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e aeeth/a? 235 iaca.
INIIAIEE CI?NO AeENA?OAOe??
O anooi? ia??oioiaaii aeooaeuei?noue oaie, aecia/ai? ia’?eo, i?aaeiao,
iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy, ?ice?eoa iaoiaeieia?/ia iniiaa ?iaioe, iaoiaee
aeine?aeaeaiiy, iaoeiaa iiaecia, oai?aoe/ia oa i?aeoe/ia cia/ou?noue
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe.
O ia?oiio ?icae?e? “Iaoiaeieia?/i? oa oai?aoe/i? iniiae aeoiaaiiy
ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie ienoaoeoaa” iiaea?oueny
?noi?eei-aaiaoe/iee aiae?c i?iaeai ii?ae? oa ii?aeueiino?, oi?ioaaiiy
ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e iniaenoino?, ?icaeyaea?oueny i?iaeaia ii?aeueii?
eoeueoo?e a eiioaeno? o?einionueeiai, iaaeaaia?/iiai, ineoieia?/iiai
ciaiiy, ?ice?eaa?oueny ci?no oa nooi?nia oa?aeoa?enoeea ii?aeueii?
eoeueoo?e iniaenoino? noa?oieeanieea ia iniia? no/aniiai
aoeei-o?einionueeiai ciaiiy oa niaoeeo?/ii? nioe?ieoeueoo?ii? neooaoe??
nueiaiaeaiiy, oa?aeoa?enoeea iie?eoeueoo?iiai i?inoi?o, o yeiio
neeaaea?oueny iaioae?oao iniaenoino?, oyaeaiiy oeiey??a i?i
caaaeueiiethaenuee? oa iaoe?iiaeuei? ii?aeuei? oe?iiino? a oai?ao ??cieo
aeae?a ienoaoeoaa, ia??oioiao?oueny cia/ou?noue ienoaoeoaa o aeoiaaii?
ii?aeueieo oe?iiinoae, ii?i, ii?aeueieo noinoie?a, o/eieiaeo niinia?a
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino?, aea?oueny nioe?ieoeueoo?iee ? ii?aeueiee ii?o?ao
no/aniiai noa?oieeanieea.
O?einionueeee aiae?c i?iaeaie na?ae/eoue i?i oa, ui ia an?o aoaiao
?icaeoeo ethaenueeiai noni?euenoaa ii?aeueia eoeueoo?a aoea a ai?oeaio??
oaaae, ai aiia – iaeia c iaeyne?aa?oeo iciae ethaenueeiai ?iaeo. A
aioe/i?e o?einio?? aecia/aii yae?i aeooiaiino?, aeooiaii? eoeueoo?e
iniaenoino? – ?noeia, Aeia?i, E?ana. “O?eueee ethaeeia caeaoia aei
ni?eeiyooy oaeeo iiiyoue, ye aeia?i ? cei, ni?aaaaeeea?noue ?
iani?aaaaeeea?noue” (A??noioaeue). A aoe/ieo iiaeyaeao oiai /ano cao/aea
aeoiea i?i oa, ui iaea?eueoith oe?ii?noth ? i?ea?ea?i ethaeeie ? i?aai
ia uaneeaa aeeooy (A??noioaeue, Nie?ao). Nie?ao aeuith ii?aeueiith
oe?ii?noth aaaaeaa ni?aaaaeeea?noue, Ieaoii – aioo??oi? oaeineiiaeaiiy.
Aaaeeeaee aianie o ?icoi?iiy noo? ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e aianee
Ca?aoono?a, Eai-aece, Eiioooe?e, A.Ni?iica, A.Oiiaiaaoa?, O.I?oeoa. Ia
aeaio iniiaieo ?aeayo – aacoiiaii? naiioe?iiino? ethaenueei?
iniaenoino? e iaia’yceo – aaco?oueny aoe/ia nenoaia ?.Eaioa. Ii?aeueiee
?iia?aoea noaa?aeaeoaaa: aei ethaeeie ? ethaenoaa i?eiee ia iiaeia
noaaeoeny ye aei caniao, a o?eueee ye aei iaoe.
O o?einionuee?e aoeoe? e?ioey O?O no. (A.Aa?anii, I.I.Aa?aey?a,
E.ssnia?n, AE.-I.Na?o? oa ?i.) neeaeany oaiaeaioe?y iiae?eo caaaeueii?
ii?aeueiino? ia “ni?aaaeith” ? “iani?aaaeith” ii?aeue. Aaaaeaeiny, ui
“ni?aaaei?e” ii?ae? i?eoaiaii? naii?ice?eooy ? niiioaii?noue,
iaaeaoa?-i?iiaaia ii?aeueia naiaiaea iniaenoino?. “Ni?aaaeiy” ii?aeue
a?aeeeaea? naieoe?iioaaiiy ii?aeueieo oe?iiinoae nioe?aeueieie
no?oeoo?aie. “Iani?aaaeiy ii?aeue” ia? eaiii?/iee aeoo, ni?yiiaaia ia
eiioi?i?ci, neooiyi?noue.
Caaaeueiiethaenueeith aeii?iaioith iiai? aoeee noaee: aoeea aeaaiaia?iiy
ia?aae aeeooyi A.Oaaeoea?a, o?einio?y caaaeueii? ni?aae I.O.Oaaei?iaa,
eini?/ia aoeea E.A.Oe?ieeianueeiai, iiinoa?e A.?.Aa?iaaenueeiai.
Ii?aeue i?ioyaii onueiai ?nioaaiiy ethaenueeeo oeea?e?caoe?e aoea
caaaeueiith i?ia?aiith aeeooy. O eiaeiiai noni?euenoaa, o eiaeii?
ethaeeie na?e ii?aeueiee oeyo, ii?aeuei? oe?iiino? e ia?ace ii?aeueiiai
?aeaaeo. Oae, o o?enoeyinuee?e eoeueoo?i?e o?aaeeoe?? ia?ac ii?ae?
caaeaaaany Iaai?iith i?iiia?aeaeth ??nona O?enoa. Aeaaiueiee?anuee?
i?iia?ace oe?a?inueeiai ii?aeueiiai ?aeaaeo iia’ycai? c ia?acii
nayoino?, ia?acii Nayoi? ?on?.
Eoeueoo?i? i?iia?ace a?o/eciyiiai iaioae?oaoo iinoathoue a?eueo
?aeue?oii naia o noa?? ?ae?a?eii-ii?aeueii? na?aeiiino? (O.I.*aeea).
Aeooiai? aeoiee ii?ae? aeeaiei ?ice?eo? o a/aii? A.N.Neiai?iaee i?i aea?
iaoo?e oa o?e na?oe, i?i aeooiaiee na?o ethaeeie, i?i i?aaaeo,
ni?aaaaeeea?noue, uanoy ? aieth, “n?iaeio i?aoeth”, naiii?ciaiiy,
o?einio?th na?oey. O?einio?y na?oey ciaeoea nai? i?iaeiaaeaiiy e
iiaeaeueoo ?ic?iaeo a ?ae?a?eii-ii?aeuei?e eiioeaioe?? I.Ae.TH?eaae/a.
?noi?eei-aaiaoe/iee aniaeo i?iaeaie ii?aeueiino? oa ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e
cana?ae/o? aeieeiaiiy ii?ae? ye oi?ie noni?eueii? na?aeiiino? oa
?aaoeyoi?a ethaenueei? iiaaae?iee, iayai?noue aeo?aeieo ii?aeueieo
aeia?i/eiiinoae, i?enooi?o a on?o ii?aeueieo eiioeaioe?yo (aeia?i, a??a,
ethaia, nia?noue oiui), aeciaiiy i?eioeeiiai? anacaaaeueiino? ii?aeueieo
aeiia, iaiao?aeiino? aioo??oiueiai ii?aeueiiai caeiio (ca ?.Eaioii).
Ciaeiiey/enue ?c i?iaeaiith ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e a o?einionueeiio
aniaeo?, ie i?aee?aneth?ii ooiaeaiaioaeuei?noue eoeueoo?ieoeueeiai ??
?icaeyaeo, ca?aeii c yeei ii?aeueia eoeueoo?a – oea aa?iii?y ethaeeie c
iaaeieeoi?i na?oii, ae?aeia c ii?aeueieie oe?iiinoyie, a/eiie ye “?aeeia
iiae?y aoooy” (I.I.Aaoo?i).
Ii?aeue, ii?aeuei?noue i?aai?/ii ii?aeiai? c ?icoi?iiyi nooiino?
eoeueoo?e ye oaiiiaia ethaenueeiai aeeooy. Eoeueoo?a – ye?niee iieaciee
noni?euenoaa, ui ae?aaea? i??o ?icaeoeo nooi?nieo nee noa’?eoa, ?o
ao?eaiiy a iaoa??aeueia e aeooiaia ae?iaieoeoai ye i?iaeoeo ae?yeueiino?
ethaeeie (I.A.Aeuey/aiei).
Eoeueoo?ia ae?yeuei?noue ? i?eaiaeeoue aei eoeueoeaoaaiiy e aeooiaii?
i?aeianaiino? iniaenoino?, oai?aiiy Ethaeeie, yea “ia? aecia/eoe naaa
aeinoieiith iaea?eueo aeinoieiiai” (O.Aaaaeue).
Ie iiae?ey?ii oi/eo ci?o I.E.Iaia?aeaoa?e? noiniaii ?icoi?iiy eoeueoo?e
a noaiiaeaii? e ?nioaaii? ethaeeie. Iniaeno?noue, ethaenueea “ss”
oi?io?oueny oeyoii ni?aa?aeiioaiiy naaa c iaaieie a?aie/ieie
neiaie?/ieie oyaeaiiyie, ye? i?aeo?eiothoueny coneeeyie naii? ethaeeie.
Eoeueoo?a a iniaeno?niiio aniaeo? – a?aee?eoa nenoaia, iacaaa?oaiee
oai?/ee i?ioean ? aiaeii/an caaaeueiiethaenueea iaaeaaiiy, aoiai?noe/ia
oe?ii?noue.
Eiaeia ethaeeia iia’ycaia c on?i na?oii ? a oie aea /an aiia i?e?ina?o.
Aeey oiai, uia aeeoe a noni?euenoa?, iae?aoe eoeueoo?i? nienee aeeooy
aiia iiaeiia caaaeaee aeeaeoeny a aeeaeio naiai “ss”, oiio ui aioo??oi?e
na?o – oea ? ? ii?aeueiee caeii a nia?, “?icoi na?oey” (A.Aaeia).
Aiae?c o?einionueei? oa aoe/ii? e?oa?aoo?e na?ae/eoue i?i iayai?noue
??cieo i?aeoiae?a aei aecia/aiiy nooiino? iiiyoue “ii?aeue”,
“ii?aeuei?noue”, “ii?aeueia eoeueoo?a iniaenoino?”. Na?aae /eneaiieo
oi/ie ci?o ia i?e?iaeo ii?ae? ? ii?aeueiino? iaea?eueo aeecueeith iai
oyaey?oueny iiceoe?y A.N.A?aea?a, yeee ?ic??ciy? aea? noa?e ethaenueei?
aoeee. I?ae iiiyooyi “ii?aeue” a?i ?icoi?? “oi?io ii?aeueiino?, yea
canioea o ii?ie oa iaeace”. Ii?aeuei? aeiaiaoe, ui neeaaeathoueny
noie?ooyie, “ciainiaeththoueny”, ao?a/athoue ?noi?e/io iai?oao,
eoeueoo?io ia?aeii?noue.
Ii?aeuei?noue ? ii?aeue ?ic??ciythoueny ca nieneii eoeueoo?e.
Ii?aeuei?noue c oi/ee ci?o nieneo eoeueoo?e ao?eth?oueny, ia aeoieo
A.N.A?aea?a, ia o ii?aeuei? ii?ie, a aacaeo?aei? ia?eiao?? a?eueiiai
iniaenoiai a/eieo, ye? oi?iothoue aeiei??ii? ia?ace iniaenoino?, ia?ace
eoeueoo?e ??cieo ?noi?e/ieo aiio (I?iiaoae ? Aae?i; O?enoin; Aaieao,
Aeii-E?oio). Ne?ae i?aee?aneeoe aeoieo A.N.A?aea?a i?i oa, ui
“aioo??oi?i oeaio?ii ii?aeueieo ia?eiao?e ? eaoa?nen nia?no?. Niene
nia?no? – aioo??oi? niieo/aiiy iiai “iaeiai”, caiiiai ss oa iiai
caaaeueiiai ss – noaeae? oa na?aeea” (“ni-a?noue – o ii?e na?aeiiino?
ianouiiai aoooy Oe, ?ioi? ethaeeie”). Oaeei /eiii, aiae?coth/e i?iaeaie
ii?aeueiino? e ii?ae? a no/ani?e iaoeia?e e?oa?aoo??, ne?ae ?ic??ciyoe
ii?aeuei?noue ye aeanoea?noue ?iaeea?aea, yeee iniaenoi i?eeia? oa
ia?aaeeaa? caaaeueiiethaenuee? oa ?iaeea?aeoaeueii-iaoe?iiaeuei?
ii?aeuei? oe?iiino? oa ii?aeue ye caaaeaiiy ii?aeueieo i?aaee
aeeoo?ae?yeueiino? noni?euenoaa o eiaeio eiie?aoii-?noi?e/io aiioo.
Ioaea, ii?aeuei?noue – a?aeia?aaeaiiy eoeueoo?iiai oiio ?iaeea?aea, eiai
“iaiiaoi?iino?”, caeaoiino? aeeoe o “aeaeiieie? iniaenoino?”, o
“aeaeiieie? ii?aeueieo oe?iiinoae”.
Ia iniia? o?einionueeiai aiae?co aeine?aeaeoaaii? i?iaeaie ie aecia/eee
nooi?noue ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e ye iaei??? c iaea?eueo yne?aaeo
oa?aeoa?enoee aeooiaiino? iniaenoino?, o ye?e i?aaenoaaeai? nenoaia
ii?aeueieo ciaiue, ia?aeiiaiue oa ii?aeueii? iiaaae?iee o
a?aeiia?aeiino? c caaaeueiiethaenueeeie oa iaoe?iiaeueieie oyaeaiiyie
i?i nooi?noue ii?aeueieo oe?iiinoae. I?aee?aneth?oueny, ui ii?aeuei?
oe?iiino? ?noi?e/ii iaoiiaeai?, ine?eueee nenoaia ii?aeueieo oe?iiinoae
o ??ci? ?noi?e/i? aiioe ci?ith?oueny oa caeaaeeoue a?ae noni?eueieo
?aeaae?a, a?ae nooiaiy eoeueoo?iino? oa iaeooioai?aiiy iniaenoino? oa
noni?euenoaa a oe?eiio.
Ii?aeueia eoeueoo?a noa?oieeanieea ?icaeyaea?oueny iaie ye ?ioaa?iaaia
ye?noue iniaenoino?, o ye?e i?aaenoaaeai? nienee ?? eoeueoo?iiai aoooy,
ui a?aeia?aaeai? a ?aeaaeueieo oyaeaiiyo i?i ii?aeuei? oe?iiino?,
ii?aeuei? ii/oooy oa aenieiii?aeueio iiaaae?ieo.
No?oeoo?a ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e noa?oieeanieea aeeth/a? ciaiiy i?i
ii?aeuei? oe?iiino?, ii?ie ii?ae? e ii?aeueii? iiaaae?iee, ii?aeuei?
ii/oooy, ii?aeueio iiaaae?ieo. Ii?aeueia na?aeii?noue ethaeeie
ia?aaeaa/a? oi?ioaaiiy ii?aeueiiai noaaeaiiy aei na?oo oa ethaeae.
Nenoaiiooai?thth/eie eiiiiiaioaie ii?aeueieo ii/ooo?a aenooiathoue
aeia?i, ethaia, nia?noue, a??a, oiea?aioi?noue.
Iniiao ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e iniaenoino? neeaaea? nenoaia ii?aeueieo
oe?iiinoae, no?eaeiai yeeo ? aoiaii?noue, ine?eueee naia a i?e
aeyaey?oueny ethaia aei onueiai aeeaiai, “aeaaiaia?iiy ia?aae aeeooyi”
(A.Oaaeoea?), i?aaiaiiy aei ceaaiaee, oiea?aioiino?, ni?aia?aaeeaaiiy,
ieeina?aey, aeueo?o?cio. I??eeii ii?aeueieo oe?iiinoae ethaeeie ?
nia?noue ye iaeaaaeeea?oa ii?aeueia ye?noue. A.I.Nooiieeinueeee aaaaeaa,
ui aeoiaaiiy nia?no? – oea aeoiaaiiy a ethaeei? iaia’yce?a ia?aae ?ioith
ethaeeiith, ia?aaeeaaiiy iio?aae a ethaeei?.
I?iaeaia ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e a ineoieia?/iiio ieai? ?icaeyaea?oueny c
iiceoe?e oe?e?niino? iniaenoino?. Ciaiiy i?i ii?aeue, ii?aeueiee
?ioaeaeooae?ci ia ? aa?aioii ii?aeueii? iiaaae?iee iniaenoino?.
Ii?aeuei? ci?ie o na?aeiiino? ethaeeie a?aeaoaathoueny a i?ioean?
aeeth/aiiy an?o ineo?/ieo iaoai?ci?a. Ii?aeuei? ii?ie iniaeno?noth
aoaeooue i?enai?i? o?eueee oiae?, eiee aoaea cae?eniaii ia?ao?ae
ciai?oi?o ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e o aioo??oi? iioeae ae?yeueiino?.
Ineoieia?/i? aniaeoe ii?aeueiiai aeoiaaiiy iniaenoino? noa?oieeaniee?a
iia’ycai? c o?aooaaiiyi niaoeeo?ee oi?ioaaiiy ii?aeueiiai noaaeaiiy
iniaenoino? aei na?oo ethaeae oa na?oo i?aaeiao?a, yea iiaeeeaa o?eueee
ia aiioe?ei?e iniia?.
?.Ae.Aao cacia/a?, ui ii?aeueia ye?noue caaaeyee ?? aiioe?eiiio
ia?aaeeaaiith ooieoe?iio? ye aoe/ia ii?ia, ui noaea cia/ouith aeey
iniaenoino?. Naia oiio caii?oeith aeioe?eueii? i?aai?caoe?? aeoiaii?
?iaioe o oeie? ? ?icoi?iiy caeaaeiino? i?ae ia?aaeeaaiiyie, iioeaaie,
ii?aeueieie yeinoyie oa a/eieaie iniaenoino?.
Ia ineoieia?/iiio ??ai? i?ioean ii?aeueiiai aeoiaaiiy ??oioo?oueny ia
iaoai?ciao ni?aia?aaeeaaiiy oa ?aeaioeo?eaoe??, oyaeaiiy ye aiioe?eii
caaaa/aiiai, ?ooiiiai ia?aco, iaiiaiaiiai iniaeno?niei nieneii
(?.Ae.Aao). Oi?ioaaiiy iaae/ie ii?aeueii? iiaaae?iee ia?aaeaa/a?,
ii-ia?oa, caeaoi?noue aeae?eyoe ? iaceaaoe ii/oooy, ye? a?ae/oaathoue
?io? ethaee, oa i?eeiyoe /oaeee iiaeyae, ii-ae?oaa, ia?aianaiiy aeoeaioo
ia i?ciaaaeueio (eiai?oeaio) ?ioa?i?aoaoe?th neooaoe??. A?aeiia?aeii aei
ineoio?c?ieia?/ii? i?e?iaee ethaeeie ne?ae a?aoiaoaaoe a ii?aeueiiio
aeoiaaii? o/i?anueei? iieiae? iayai?noue oaiiiaio ?ii?eoeiao
(caea?aiaoaaiiy) oa “o?eaaa?ieo iiiaio?a” (A.I.Ioee?i).
Iaaiee i?e?iaeiee aaioeaio?eci aiioe?eieo i?ioean?a aieeaa? ia
oi?ioaaiiy noaaeaiiy aei ?ioi? ethaeeie e iiaeiai a?aoiaoaaoeny a
ii?aeueiiio aeoiaaii? iieiae?. Cia/ii oneeaaeiththoue aeoiaio ?iaioo, ia
aeoieo ineoieia?a, i?e?iaei? aai?noe/i? i?aaiaiiy ethaeeie aei
ianieiaee, ona?aeiieaiiy nai?? neee, iaaia aa?aneai?noue aeeoeie.
Ni?yiiaai?noue ii?aeueiiai ?icaeoeo caeaaeeoue a?ae ni?aa?aeiioaiiy
iniaeeainoae ethaeeie, coiiaeaieo o?eiaaiaoe/iei oa iioieia?/iei
?icaeoeii ?iaeea?aea.
O iaaeaaia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo (?.N.Ia?’?iei, I.?.Uo?eiaa oa ?i.)
aeae?eythoueny aeaa iniiai? i?aeoiaee aei ?ic?iaee
oai?aoeei-iaoiaeieia?/ieo iniia ii?aeueiiai aeoiaaiiy: a)
?ioaeaeooaeueiee, ni?yiiaaiee ia aoe/ia i?ina?oieoeoai, iaieiae?iiy
ii?aeueieie ciaiiyie; a) aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? iiaaae?iee, oi?ioaaiiy
ii?aeueieo iaae/ie oa cae/ie. A?aeiia?aeii aei caaaeaiue iaoiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy ie a?aoiao?ii iaiao?aei?noue oe?e?niiai aieeao ? ia
?ioaeaeooaeueio, ? ia aiioe?eii-aieueiao noa?o iniaenoino? oeiey??a.
I?ioean aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e noa?oieeaniee?a aecia/a?oueny ye
i?enai?iiy iniaeno?noth noa?oieeanieea ii?aeueiiai aeina?aeo ethaenoaa,
ia?aaaaeaiiy caaaeueiiethaenueeeo ? iaoe?iiaeueieo ii?aeueieo oe?iiinoae
o aeaeiieiei aeaniiai “ss”, ?aae?caoe?y iniaeno?nieo oe?ii?nieo
i???ioe??a o nioe?aeueieo a?aeiioaiiyo.
?aeaaeueiei c?aceii ao?eaiiy ii?aeueiiai aeina?aeo ethaenoaa ?
ienoaoeoai. Iaoiaeieia?/iei i?ae??oioyi aecia/aiiy ienoaoeoaa ye iaeiiai
c iioeiaeueieo cania?a aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e iniaenoino?
aenooiathoue iieiaeaiiy i?i oa, ui naia a ienoaoeoa? i?aaenoaaeai? o
an?e aaaaoicia/iino? e aaaaoia?aiiino? ii?aeuei? eiioe?eoe aiio,
oeea?e?caoe?e, ii?aeuei? aoaeiie ii/ooo?a oa ii?aeueii? iiaaae?iee
ethaeae. Eiaeiee aeae ienoaoeoaa noai?th? iaeooioai?aiee, ?aeaaeueiee
iiaoe/iee (i?aeianaiee) ii?aeueiee ia?ac iaaiiai /ano c i?eoaiaiieie
eiio ?enaie ? a oie aea /an iieaco? aioe?aeaaee. Iiiaoeciaaiee ia?ac
ii?aeueiino? – oea iaeia c oi?i ?nioaaiiy ii?ae? a noni?euenoa?. Naia
oiio aeioe?eueii aanoe oe?eani?yiiaaio ?iaioo ii ?ice?eooth iiaoeee
ii?aeueiiai ia?aco, neiioeaio?iaaiiai a ??cieo aeaeao ienoaoeoaa e
iniaeeai a ooaeiaei?e e?oa?aoo?? oa ia?acioai?/iio ienoaoeoa?. Iiaoeea
ia?aco ii?ae?, noai?aia ienoaoeoaii, aea? iiaeeeaino? noa?oieeanieeai
aiioe?eii ia?aaeeoe ii?aeuei?noue ethaeae ? aiio, ? /a?ac eaoa?ne/ia
iio?yn?iiy i/enoeoe naith aeooo, na?oea ? ?icoi. O i?ioean? ni?eeoaaiiy
c oai?ii ienoaoeoaa a?aeaoaa?oueny ?icoiiai-aiioe?eia ia?aianaiiy
oeiey?a a neooaoe?th, ui iienaia a ooaeiaeiueiio oai??, ? aiane?aeie
caeiio ?aaeueiino? ii/ooo?a (E.N.Aeaionueeee) aeieeathoue neeuei?
aiioe?eii-anoaoe/i? ia?aaeeaaiiy.
Aen?ieia?/iee aniaeo ni?eeiyooy ooaeiaei?o oai??a, a yeeo iaeyne?aa?oa
i?aaenoaaeaii aoe/i? eaoaai???, aeicaiey? oi?ioaaoe ioe?iia noaaeaiiy
aei oeeo eaoaai??e, ii?aeueio iio?aao a iianyeaeaiiiio aeeoo?
iane?aeoaaoe oeei ii?aeueiei ii?iai oa i?eioeeiai.
Iiaoeea ii?aeueiiai c?inoaiiy a ?noi??? ienoaoeoaa iia’ycaia ianaiia?aae
?c o?aaaae??th, nooi?noue yei? neeaaeathoue ia aeiaaeeia? ethaee oa
iiae??, a aa?i?, ?iaia yeeo a?aeaeaathoue a?aeii? oeie iiaaae?iee,
oa?aeoa?, ii?aeuei? a/eiee. Ia?eiao?? (ia?aeiie) o?aaaae??
a?aee?eaathoue ia aeeaeaeoe/iee niene ienoaoeueeiai oai?o, a iacaeieaiio
aeiei??iio caaaaeeia?noue aoooy oa ethaeeie. Ioaea, o?aaaae?y aenooia?
caa?iaiiyi aei eiaeii? iniaenoino?, a yeiio ci?noiaio nooi?noue
neeaaeathoue ieoaiiy, a ia a?aeiia?ae?.
Iaaeaaia?/i? aniaeoe i?ioeano ii?aeueiiai aeoiaaiiy a?aoiaothoue
cia/aiiy ii?aeueieo oe?iiinoae ?ae?a?? ye eiiiiiaioo aeooiaii? eoeueoo?e
ethaenoaa. Ne?ae a?aoiaoaaoe, ui nooi?niee ci?no ii?ae? a?aeaeoi o
eeane/ieo oi?ioeao cieioiai i?aaeea (Io. 7:12) oa caiia?aeyo ethaia?
(Ee. 10:27). Oeae ci?no caaaeueiiethaenueeeo ii?aeueieo oe?iiinoae
aenooia? o?aineoeueoo?iei, aaciaei.
Niaoeeo?ea i?ioeano ii?aeueiiai aeoiaaiiy noa?oieeaniee?a iaoiiaeaia
iniaeeainoyie noa?oiai oe?eueiiai a?eo, yeee oa?aeoa?eco?oueny ye
ia?ao?ae a?ae aeeoeinoaa aei thiaoeoaa (“iiaa nioe?aeueia neooaoe?y
?icaeoeo”, ca E.N.Aeaionueeei), eiee aeii?iothoue iioeae ae?yeueiino?,
iia’ycai? c aeeoo?aei naiiaecia/aiiyi. Aeine?aeieee a?aecia/athoue iaaio
noia?a/eea?noue ii?aeueii? na?aeiiino? thiaoeoaa, aaoiiiii?noue ?oiuei?
ii?ae?, oiaoi i???ioaoe?th ia aeani? ia?aeiiaiiy (?.N.Eii,
O.I.Oeoa?aiei), iayai?noue o iaaii? /anoeie iieiae? ii?aeueiiai
?ioaioee?cio.
Aeey ia??oiooaaiiy niaoeeo?ee ii?aeueiiai aeoiaaiiy noa?oieeaniee?a
caniaaie ienoaoeoaa aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy ia? ieoaiiy aca?iica’yceo ii?ae?
oa ienoaoeoaa, anoaoe/iiai oa aoe/iiai a noaiiaeaii? aeooiaii? eoeueoo?e
iniaenoino?. Ua ?.Eaio a?aecia/aa, ui “i?ae?ania ? neiaieii
ii?aeueii-aeia?iai”, O.O?eea? oaa/aa aeaea?aea aeoiaaiiy a aacnia?oieo
ia?acao ienoaoeoaa. O i?ioean? ii?aeueiiai aeoiaaiiy anoaoe/iee oaeoi?
ni?ey? ii?aeuei?e ?aoeaen??, oi?io? ai?iiy ni?eeiaoe ii?aeueia ye
i?ae?ania. Ii?aeueia, oaeei /eiii, ?icaeyaea?oueny ye noa?a iaoiai
aeeooy, a anoaoe/ia – ye niin?a eiai ni?eeiyooy. Ienoaoeoai noai?th?
neooaoe?? naiia?aee?eooy ?noeie, iiaa?iaiiy aei ia?aeiieo iniia aoooy
(A.N.A?aea?). ?aei?noue ii?aeueiiai oa anoaoe/iiai ao?eth?oueny a
ii/ooo? i?aeianaiiai, yea aeeeeea? caoaeaeaiiy aeooiaieo nee ethaeeie.
Ie iiae?ey?ii aeoieo A.I.Iaiainueeiai i?i oa, ui i?ui, ie??i ienoaoeoaa,
ia iiaea ia?aaeaoe aeina?ae ii/ooo?a aaaaoueio ?ioeo ethaeae, noai?eoe
neooaoe?th eoeueoo?iiai oa iniaeno?niiai ae?aeiao.
O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “Oeyoe aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e
noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie ienoaoeoaa” ia??oioiaaii iaoeia? canaaee
i?ioeano aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e iniaenoino? caniaaie ienoaoeoaa,
?ic?iaeaii ci?noia? oa i?ioeanoaeuei? aniaeoe ii?aeueiiai ?icaeoeo
noa?oieeaniee?a, i?aaenoaaeaia oa?aeoa?enoeea aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe,
ui aeicaieeea aecia/eoe oa ia?aa??eoe oeyoe ? iaaeaaia?/i? oiiae
aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e o/i?a noa?oiai oe?eueiiai a?eo caniaaie
ienoaoeoaa, aecia/aii e?eoa??? oa ??ai? aeoiaaiino? ii?aeueiino?
o/i?anueei? iieiae?.
Aiae?c ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ii? e?oa?aoo?e c i?iaeai ii?aeueiiai
aeoiaaiiy (?.A.Aiiaea?aanueea, A.A.Cineiianueeee, I.?.Iiiaoia,
I.?.Uo?-eiaa oa ?i.) aeicaieea aecia/eoe e?eoa??? ii?aeueii? aeoiaaiino?
o/i?a noa?oeo eean?a: 1) aoiai?noe/ia ni?yiiaai?noue iniaenoino?; 2)
iiaiioa oa aeeaeia ii?aeueii-anoaoe/ii? ?ioi?iiaaiino?, ciaiiy iniiaieo
aoe/ieo oa anoaoe/ieo eaoaai??e; 3) oe?ii?niee oa?aeoa? iniaeno?niiai
ona?aeiieaiiy ii?aeueieo ciaiue; 4) aiioe?eiee a?aeaoe, caeaoi?noue aei
aiiao??; 5) nioe?ieoeueoo?ia iiaaae?iea. A?aeiia?aeii aei e?eoa???a aoei
aeae?eaii ia?aiao?e ae?aaiinooaaiiy ie?aieo eiiiiiaio?a ii?aeueii?
aeoiaaiino? o/i?a.
Aecia/ai? e?eoa??? ii?aeueii? aeoiaaiino? oeiey??a aeicaieeee
ia??oiooaaoe ??ai? ii?aeueii? aeoiaaiino? o/i?a noa?oeo eean?a c
o?aooaaiiyi nooiino? no?oeoo?e ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e noa?oieeaniee?a oa
niaoeeo?ee ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ieo iniaeeainoae noa?oiai oe?eueiiai
a?eo.
Aenieee ??aaiue ii?aeueii? aeoiaaiino? ia?aaeaa/a? aa?iii?th
aoiai?noe/ii? ni?yiiaaiino? iniaenoino?, nenoaie aoe/ieo ciaiue,
?icaeiooino? aiioe?eiiai a?aeaoeo, anoaoe/ieo ia?aaeeaaiue ia o?eueee
iiaoe/iiai ia?aco ienoaoeoaa, aea e ?aaeueiiai aoooy, aaeaeaaoii?
iiaaae?iee.
Na?aaei?e ??aaiue aeoiaaiino? ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e na?ae/eoue i?i
iayai?noue aeinoaoiueiai ??aiy ii?aeueii-anoaoe/ieo ciaiue i?e
a?aenooiino? aiioe?eiiai a?aeaoeo oa iaaaeaeaaoi?e nioe?ieoeueoo?i?e
iiaaae?ioe?.
Iecueeee ??aaiue ii?aeueii? aeoiaaiino? a?aecia/a?oueny a?aenooi?noth o
oeiey??a an?o iieaciee?a e?eoa???a ii?aeueii? aeoiaaiino?.
Iaeiie/aiee aeina?ae o aaeoc? ii?aeueiiai aeoiaaiiy oeiey??a o oe?eiio ?
noa?oieeaniee?a cie?aia (I.N.Aiaaeaiiaa, E.?.Oaioo?eia, I.?.Uo?eiaa oa
?i.) aeicaiey? ocaaaeueieoe iniiai? oi?ie oa iaoiaee i?aai?caoe??
i?ioeano aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? na?aeiiino?, ?icaeoeo ii?aeueieo ii/ooo?a
oa oi?ioaaiiy iaae/ie ii?aeueii? iiaaae?iee. Aiae?c iaaeaaia?/ii?
i?aeoeee cana?ae/ea, ui i?ia?aeia i?noea na?aae oi?i oa iaoiae?a
aeoiaii? ?iaioe c ii?aeueiiai ?icaeoeo oeiey??a caeiathoue ??ci? oi?ie
aoe/iiai i?ina?oieoeoaa, nie?aiiy ia ciai?oi? neee ii?aeueii? iiaaae?iee
(a?iiaaenueea aeoiea, eieaeoea, aea?aeaaa oa ?i.), i?iaeaiii-neooaoeai?
iaoiaee (?.N.Ia?’?iei), ii?aeuei? aeeneon?? (E.Eieueaa?a, A.O?aa?in).
Ia?aaaaa ana ae oaee iaaea?oueny neiaaniei oi?iai aeoiaaiiy, aiane?aeie
/iai iaoai?cie ii?aeueii? ?aaoeyoe?? ?icaeaathoueny iaaeinoaoiuei.
Iaaaaeai? oi?ie oa i?eeiie ia ae/a?iothoue iaaeaaia?/iee iioaioe?ae
aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e. sse na?ae/eoue iao aeaniee aeina?ae,
aeaoaeueiee aiae?c niaoe?aeueieo iaaeaaia?/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue, o
no/ani?e iaaeaaia?/i?e i?aeoeoe? iaaeinoaoiuei aeei?enoiaothoueny
iiaeeeaino? ienoaoeoaa ye oi?eaeueii? oi?ie ii?aeueiiai aeoiaaiiy
iniaenoino?.
Aenia?eiaioaeueia ?iaioa ca i?iaeaiith aeine?aeaeaiiy iaea nooiaiaaee
oa?aeoa?. A?aeiia?aeii aei iaoe eiinoaooth/iai aoaio aoei aeine?aeaeaii
oyaeaiiy noa?oieeaniee?a i?i ???a?o?th ii?aeueieo oe?iiinoae, i?i
noaaeaiiy aei aeeooy a on?o eiai i?iyaao, iniaeeaino? ni?eeiyooy
ii?aeueieo oe?iiinoae /a?ac ooaeiaei?e ia?ac o ??cieo aeaeao ienoaoeoaa,
nooi?iue ?icoi?iiy noa?oieeanieeaie aca?iica’yceo ii?aeueiiai oa
anoaoe/iiai. Ca ?acoeueoaie ae?aaiinooth/iai aoaio aoei anoaiiaeaii, ui
aeyaeythoue aioiai?noue aeio?eioaaoeny aea?aeaaieo ii?i 76%
noa?oieeaniee?a, ia i?aaiooue aei oeueiai – 18%; i?eeiathoue noni?eueio
ii?aeuei?noue – 60%, iniaeno?nio – 39%; aeyaeythoue noo?aiaai?noue
iaoa??aeueieie oe?iiinoyie – 53%, aeooiaieie oe?iiinoyie – 44%;
aeyaeythoue i?iaeoeoeaio a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue – 53%, aioia? aei
eiioi?i?cio – 38%. Cia/iee ?ioa?an niinoa??aa?oueny aei
i?aei?e?iieoeueei? ae?yeueiino?, o ye?e no/ani? noa?oieeanieee
aaa/athoue iniiae naiai iaoa??aeueiiai aeaaiiieo//y. O 40% oeiey??a
a?aenooi? nioe?aeueii cia/ou? oe?e? aeeooy. Aei ii?aeueiiai
aaeineiiaeaiiy i?aaiooue o?eueee 5 % noa?oieeaniee?a. O oe?eiio
a?eueo?noue o/i?a aeyaeythoue na?aaei?e ??aaiue ii?aeueii? aeoiaaiino?.
Aenia?eiaioaeueia ?iaioa aeiaaea, ui noa?oieeanieee aeia?a ?icoi?thoue
cia/aiiy caaaeueiiethaenueeeo ii?aeueieo oe?iiinoae. O eiaeiiai c o/i?a
naiy ???a?o?y ii?aeueieo oe?iiinoae, aea iniiaieie aiie aaaaeathoue
ethaia, aca?ii?icoi?iiy, aeia?ioo, a??i?noue, /ani?noue, nia?noue. O/i?
canoaeaeothoue aii?aeuei? yeino? – i?aee?noue, aei?noie?noue,
i?eieaeaiiy ethaeeie, cacae?iu?. Oeiey?? a?aecia/athoue an? o?oaeiiu?
aeiiii?ee iaoi? aea?aeaae, nioe?aeueia ?icoa?oaaiiy, ciaaaaeeeaa
noaaeaiiy aei ethaeeie i?aoe?.
Aiae?c ?aaeueii? i?aeoeee ii?aeueiiai aeoiaaiiy o/i?a noa?oeo eean?a
na?ae/eoue i?i oa, ui oni?o i?ioeano ii?aeueiiai aeoiaaiiy thiae?a
caeaaeeoue a?ae i?aai?caoe?? oe?eani?yiiaaii? ?iaioe c ii?aeueiiai
i?ina?oieoeoaa, ?icaeoeo ii?aeueieo ii/ooo?a oa oi?ioaaiiy iaae/ie
ii?aeueii? iiaaae?iee. I?e oeueiio iaiao?aeiith oiiaith aeey i?aeaeuaiiy
??aiy ii?aeueii? aeoiaaiino? oeiey??a aenooia? ?o caeo/aiiy aei noa?e
ienoaoeoaa, ooaeiaeiuei-anoaoe/iee oa aiioe?eiee ?icaeoie. ?nio?
aca?iica’ycie i?ae anoaoe/iei oa aoe/iei ??aiyie ?icaeoeo iniaenoino?
oeiey?a. Iecuee? iieacieee noi?iiaaiino? anoaoe/ii? na?aeiiino? o/i?a
ni?aa?aeiinyoueny c iaaeinoaoi?i ??aiai ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e.
Aea/aiiy oai?aoe/ieo oa iaoiaeieia?/ieo iniia aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii?
eoeueoo?e iniaenoino?, aiae?c ?aaeueii? i?aeoeee oa ??ai?a ii?aeueii?
aeoiaaiino? noa?oieeaniee?a aeicaieeee ?ic?iaeoe i?ia?aio oi?ioth/iai
aenia?eiaioo aeine?aeaeaiiy, ui aoea ni?yiiaaia ia oi?ioaaiiy nenoaie
ciaiue i?i i?ia?aei? ii?aeuei? oe?iiino? (a??a, nia?noue, ethaia oiui) o
o?einionueei-aoe/iiio oa eoeueoo?ieia?/iiio ?o cia/aii?, i?aai?caoe?th
aiioe?eii-anoaoe/iiai ni?eeiyooy ooaeiaei?o oai??a, ui aeiaaaei oiiei?
aiioe?eii? ?aaeoe?? ni?aia?aaeeaaiiy, ni?a/oooy.
Oi?ioth/ee aenia?eiaio o i?e?iaeieo oiiaao iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano
caaaeueiiina?oiuei? oeiee aeicaieea: a) ia?aa??eoe ci?noiaia oa
i?ioeanoaeueia iaiiaiaiiy i?ia?aie c ii?aeueiiai aeoiaaiiy
noa?oi-eeaniee?a; a) nei?aaoaaoe iaiao?aeiee ? aeinoaoi?e i?i?ioi
ooaeiaeiuei-anoaoe/ii? ?ioi?iaoe?? aeey i?aai?caoe?? aeoiaaiiy caniaaie
ienoaoeoaa; a) noi?ioethaaoe i?aeoe/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? a/eoaeyi
oa aeoiaaoaeyi oe?e ??ciiai oeio c iaoiaeeee i?aeaioiaee oa i?iaaaeaiiy
oaeoeueoaoeaieo caiyoue ? iicaeeanii? ?iaioe c ii?aeueiiai aeoiaaiiy
o/i?anueei? iieiae?.
Aenia?eiaioaeueia ?iaioa i?iaiaeeeanue o noa?oeo eeanao Eoaainueei?
iaeanii? a?iiac??, o Eene/ainuee?e aaaaoii?io?euei?e a?iiac??.
I?aai?caoe?y aeoiaii? ?iaioe ia?aaeaa/aea ?aoaeueio o?enaoe?th aeeiai?ee
iaieiae?iiy o/iyie ii?aeueieie ciaiiyie, ci?ie i?aeiniaeno?nieo
a?aeiinei a o/i?anueeiio eieaeoea?.
Iaoa oi?ioth/iai aenia?eiaioo iieyaaea a oiio, uia o i?ioean? caiyoue ?c
noa?oieeanieeaie ?ice?eoe, ii-ia?oa, ci?noiaio nooi?noue ii?aeueieo
iiiyoue “a??a”, “iaae?y”, “ethaia”, “nia?noue” oa ?i., ii-ae?oaa, /a?ac
ni?eeiyooy ooaeiaeiueiai ia?aco oeo oai??a ienoaoeoaa, o yeeo iaea?eueo
yne?aai i?aaenoaaeai? oe? aoe/i? eaoaai???, noi?ioaaoe a o/i?a ioe?iia
noaaeaiiy aei oeeo ii?aeueieo yaeu oa /a?ac aen?ieia?/iee aniaeo
noi?ioaaoe ii?aeueio iio?aao o aeani?e iianyeaeaii?e ae?yeueiino?
iane?aeoaaoe iaaiei ii?aeueiei ii?iai. Ie aeoiaeeii c oiai, ui naia a
oeeo eaoaai??yo i?aaenoaaeai? ii?aeuei? oe?iiino? ethaenueeiai aoooy oa
eiaeii? ie?aii? ethaenueei? iniaenoino?.
Aeey ?ica’ycaiiy caaaeaiue aeine?aeaeaiiy aoei aecia/aii i?ia?aio
oi?ioth/iai aenia?eiaioo, ia??oioiaaii oa ?ic?iaeaii i?ia?aio
oaeoeueoaoeaiiai eo?no aeey noa?oieeaniee?a “Cieioa i?aaeei
ii?aeueiino?”. ?aoe?iiae?caoe?? i?ioeano a?aeai?o ci?noo
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai iaoa??aeo, eiai iioeiaeueiiai ianyao ni?eya
i?iaaaeaiee iaie oaeoi?iee aiae?c aeii?ioth/eo ii?aeueieo oe?iiinoae oa
?noi?eei-eoeueoo?iiai iaoa??aeo ca i?iaeaiaie iiaoeee ooaeiaeiueiai
ia?aco. Aeii?iaioi? ii?aeuei? yeino? aenooiathoue ye i???ioe?aie aeey
a?aeai?o ienoaoeueeiai oa aoe/iiai iaoa??aeo, oae ? aecia/athoue
niaoeeo?eo oaoiieia?? i?iaaaeaiiy oaeoeueoaoeaieo caiyoue c o/iyie.
Iniiai? ?icae?ee i?ia?aie aeeth/athoue ii?aeueii-anoaoe/iee aiae?c oaeeo
iiiyoue, ye ethaia, a??a, nia?noue, nio?ei?noue, oiea?aioi?noue. Eiaeia
oaia ia?aaeaa/a? aeeaeaeoe/ia, eiioi?eaoeaia oa oaoiieia?/ia
caaacia/aiiy.
Nenoaia oi?i oa cania?a ?aae?caoe?? iaoe uiaei aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii?
eoeueoo?e iniaenoino? o/i?a noa?oiai oe?eueiiai a?eo aeeth/a?
??ciiiai?oi? i?eeiie aeei?enoaiiy eiiieaeno ienoaoeoa, ?ieueia? ?a?e ia
aoaiao aoe/iiai o?ai?iao, i?eeiie iniaeno?nii? ?aoeaen??,
oai?e-i?i?aoth?e, i?eo/?, aeeneon?? ia ii?aeuei? oaie, aaaeaiiy
uiaeaiieea naiiaeoiaaiiy oiui.
Ia caiyooyo ie aeei?enoiaoaaee oai?e ooaeiaeiuei? e?oa?aoo?e, aeeaiieno,
ui ?ice?eaathoue neeo ii?aeueiiai aeooo yne?aaeo ia?ac?a ?noi??? oa
ienoaoeoaa. Oae, o i?ia?aio aeeth/ai? aeeaiieni? ?iaioe A.?.No?eeiaa
(“Oo?i no??eaoeueei? no?aoe”, “Aiy?eiy Ii?iciaa” oa ?i.), I.I.Aa (“Ui ?
?noeia?”), ?.I.E?ainueeiai (“O?enoin a ionoae?”), ?noi?e/i? ?iaioe
I.C.Naiieeoa. Iiaoe/iee ii?aeueiee ia?ac iaeyne?aa?oa i?aaenoaaeaiee o
ii?o?aoiiio aeeaiien?, ine?eueee naia a ethaeei? neiioeaio?iaaia aaeeea
oa?iieoey e?ane e aoooy. Ia caiyooyo aaeany oai?/a ?iaioa ?c eeane/ieie
ii?o?aoaie Iaoa?oeo?, ?iaioaie I?eaeaiaeaeaei (“Aeaaeae”, “Iienae”),
AE.-A.Aoaeiia (“Ii?o?ao Aieueoa?a”), O.?ieioiaa (“Ii?o?ao No?oenueei?”),
ii?o?aoe O.A.Oaa/aiea, I.I.Io?aoea, O.N.E?aneoeueeiai (“A?noue c
Caii??aeaey”) oa ?i.
O i?ioean? ?iaioe iaae aioe/ieie ia?acaie aeooiaii aaaaoi? oa o?ce/ii
aeineiiaei? ethaeeie (neoeueioo?e Ie?iia, O?ae?y, Iie?eeaoa)
ooaa?aeaeoaaeanue ?aeay A??noioaey i?i oa, ui i?ae?aniiaeia??
aeanoeaino? iiiyooy aeaaa ? aeaaeainoaa ethaee noai?ththoue a?aeiia?aeii
aei aeeooy, yea aiie aaaeooue.
Ienoaoeoai /a?ac nenoaio ia?ac?a ?ice?eaa? ii?aeuei? eiioe?eoe,
i?ioe??//y nioe?aeueii? ae?eniino?. Oaea ii?aeueia iai?oaa i?enooiy a
ia?acao Nie?aoa, I?iiaoay, Aae?ia, O?enoa, Aaieaoa, Aeii-E?oioa, Oaonoa
oa ?i., ye? i?aaenoaaeai? a /eneaiieo oai?ao e?oa?aoo?e oa ienoaoeoaa.
Caa?iaiiy aei ia?niiae?e ?noi?e/ii? iiaoeee iaoiiaeaii oaeiae oei, ui
?aeaaeuei? oyaeaiiy oeiey??a i?i o? /e ?io? ii?aeuei? yeino? aeineoue
/anoi ia?nii?o?eothoueny, oiaoi iia’ycothoueny c eiie?aoiei iin??i. Naia
oiio ia caiyoo?, aea eoeiny, iai?eeeaae, i?i o?enoeyinuee?
aeia?i/eiiino?, ie caa?oaeeny aei ia?aco O?enoa, aei oai??a
ia?acioai?/iai ienoaoeoaa ia a?aeaenuee? oaie.
Aaaeeeaei iai?yiii aenia?eiaioaeueii? i?ia?aie aoea oai?/a naiino?eia
?iaioa noa?oieeaniee?a. O/iyi i?iiiioaaeiny i?aeaiooaaoe ia iniia?
ooaeiaei?o oai??a “ii?aeuei? ia?ace” oaeeo aaeoi??a aeeooy: Eieuei?e
aeeooy; AEeooy – ia ??aia aei?iaa, a oa?ienoee oeyo; Na?oei aeooiaiino?;
? ia eaiaiyo ?inoooue aea?aaa oa ?io?.
Neeaaeiaei aeaiaioii iaa/aeueii-aeoiaii? ?iaioe noaee eiioa?aioe??,
aeeneon?? ia oaio “Ethaeeia ? Anaeainueeee ?icoi”, “Ooi ss? Ooi Ie?”, “O
iiooeao aa?iii??” oa ?i.
Ia?ac “eoeueoo?iiai aa?iy”, ui ao?eth? a nia? iniiai? ia?eiao??
ii?aeueiino? nueiaiaeaiiy, ?ice?eaaany a?aeiia?aeii aei ?aeae
A.N.A?aea?a ca ia?acii aaoi?a, ia?nii?o?eiaaieo ii?aeueieo ?aeae. Oiio
ie caa?oaeeny aei ii?aeueii-iiaoe/ieo ia?ac?a Ai?ena Ianoa?iaea, Ineia
Iaiaeaeueooaia, Ia?eie Oea?oa?ai?, Ia?ea Oaaaea, Ieaenaiae?a Aeiaaeaiea,
Aaneey Noona, Aaneey Neiiiaiea, Na?a?y Ia?aaeaeaiiaa oa ?i.
Oaoiieia?y i?iaaaeaiiy caiyoue ?c noa?oieeanieeaie aaco?oueny ia
aeciaii? ae?aeiao eoeueoo? ye ae?aeiao ??cieo oi?i ieneaiiy,
eoeueoo?iiai a?ae/oooy, ui ??oioo?oueny ia i?eioeeiia?e ae?aeia?/iino?
naii? ?noeie (aeia?a, e?ane) (I.I.Aaoo?i, A.N.A?aea?). Caiyooy ?c
noa?oieeanieeaie ia?aaeaa/aee ae?aeia?/io aca?iiae?th c oai?ii
ienoaoeoaa, aaoi?ii, ia?niiaaeaie ooaeiaeiueiai oai?o, aioo??oi?e
ae?aeia ?iaeea?aea (a?aeiia?aeii aei ?aea? E.N.Aeaionueeiai i?i
aioo??oi? iiaeaiiy iniaenoino?).
Oaeei /eiii, canai?iith nenoaie ii?aeueieo ciaiue, ona?aeiieaiith
ii?aeueieo ii/ooo?a oa ae?iaeaiith iaae/ie ii?aeueii? iiaaae?iee
ni?eythoue: 1) ieaioaaiiy caiyoue ca oaoiieia??th ae?aeiao eoeueoo?; 2)
aiioeaiaaia aeei?enoaiiy eiiieaeno ienoaoeoa; 3) iniaeno?ni? oi?ie
naiieiio?ieth, ui ni?eythoue naiia?ae/oooth aiioe?eieo ?aaeoe?e; 4)
noai?aiiy aoae?ia?coaeueieo iiaeaeae ii?aeueiiai aoaeiio (iiaoe/iiai
ia?aco ii?aeueii? iniaenoino?); 5) iiaoi?thaai?noue neooaoe?e
aiioe?eiiai ia?aaeeaaiiy; 6) a?aooaaiiy ae??aino? i?ioeano oyaeaiiy ye
iniiae aeieeiaiiy iaaii? aiioe?? oa ooaa?aeaeaiiy iaaiiai ii?aeueiiai
noaaeaiiy aei neooaoe??; 7) aa?aae?caoe?y ii?aeueii-anoaoe/ieo
ia?aaeeaaiue.
Iaiao?aei?noue aa?aae?caoe?? aeanieo aiioe?eieo ia?aaeeaaiue o i?ioean?
ii?aeueiiai aeoiaaiiy ??oioo?oueny ia oai??? i?i ae?oao neaiaeueio
nenoaio, eiee neiaania ioe?iea iniaeno?nii? nooiino? yaeua anooia? a
anioe?aoeaiee ca’ycie ?c iayaieie ?ioaeaeooaeueii-aiioe?eieie nenoaiaie
iniaenoino? oa ni?ey? ooai?aiith iiaeo no?oeoo? o na?aeiiino? ethaeeie.
Aa?aae?caoe?? (aai ae?aco ?ioeie ooaeiaeiuei-oai?/eie caniaaie)
i?aeaeathoueny ia ia?ace oai?o (aa?ith), a aeani? ia?aaeeaaiiy, ia?ace
iniaeno?nieo ii/ooo?a oeiey??a.
Nie?ath/enue ia ineoieia?/i? iaoai?cie ii?aeueiiai ?icaeoeo iniaenoino?
(?.Ae.Aao), o i?ioean? aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe ie caa?oaee oaaao ia
onth aaiio aiioe?eieo a?ae/ooo?a ? ia?aaeeaaiue – i?e?iieo ? iai?e?iieo.
Naia oiio aenia?eiaioaeuei? caaaeaiiy aeeth/aee aiae?c eie?c??
o?aa?/ieo aa?i?a (Aae?i, Aaieao, A.Noon oa ?i.), ooaeiaei?o ?ia?o
E.Ainoa, O.Aie?, I.I?eanni oa ?i.
Aiae?c aenia?eiaioaeueiiai iaoa??aeo aeicaiey? aecia/eoe oe?e?niee,
nenoaiiee oa?aeoa? cai?iiiiiaaiiai i?aeoiaeo. ?ic?iaeaia iaoiaee/ia
nenoaia ni?ey? oni?oi?e ?aae?caoe?? iaoe ii?aeueiiai aeoiaaiiy o/i?a
noa?oeo eean?a c o?aooaaiiyi caeiiii??iinoae noaiiaeaiiy ii?aeueii?
na?aeiiino? iniaenoino?.
Ni?aa?aeianaiiy ?acoeueoao?a eiinoaooth/iai oa oi?ioth/iai aoai?a
aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe na?ae/eoue i?i oa, ui aeei?enoaiiy cania?a
ienoaoeoaa ? oaeoi?ii caaaa/aiiy ??aiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e o/i?a
noa?oeo eean?a. Oae, o aenia?eiaioaeueieo eeanao ca?eueoeeanue
e?euee?noue o/i?a, ye? aeyaeythoue a oe?eiio na?aaei?e oa aenieee ??ai?
ii?aeueii? aeoiaaiino?. O a?eueoino? o/i?a aeii?io? aoiai?noe/ia
ni?yiiaai?noue iniaenoino?, i?aaiaiiy aei aenieiii?aeueii? iiaaae?iee,
aeinoaoi? ii?aeueii-anoaoe/i? ciaiiy. Iayai? iaai? c?ooaiiy ca oaeei
e?eoa???i ye aiioe?eiee a?aeaoe. A?eueo?noue o/i?a (62%) aeeacothoue
oe?ii?nia noaaeaiiy aei ii?aeueieo yaeu o ienoaoeoa? oa ae?eniino?.
Aiae?c ye?nieo oa e?euee?nieo iieaciee?a ae?aaiinooaaiiy ii?aeueii?
aeoiaaiino? o/i?a o i?ioean? aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe cana?ae/ea
ianooo?a? ci?ie ca aenieei ??aiai aeoiaaiino? ii?aeueieo yeinoae. Oaeee
?acoeueoao iiynith?oueny neeaaei?noth i?ioeano iniaeno?niiai noaiiaeaiiy
o/i?a, aieeaii eiiieaeno ia’?eoeaieo oaeoi??a, ui ia iiaeooue aooe
ci?iai? a i?ioean? aenia?eiaioaeueii? ?iaioe (caniae ianiai?
?ioi?iaoe??, oaiaeaioe?? aeoiaiiai aieeao ?iaeeie, niaoeeo?ea
caaaeueiia?iiaaenueei? ii?ae? oiui).
Aenia?eiaioaeueia ?iaioa aeicaieeea aecia/eoe noeoii?noue iaaeaaia?/ieo
oiia i?ioeano aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie
ienoaoeoaa: 1) iiina?aaeeiaaiee oa?aeoa? noai?aiiy aiioe?eii? ?aaeoe?? ?
a?aeiia?aeiiai ii?aeueiiai ii/oooy; 2) eiai?oeaiee (i?ciaaaeueiee)
oa?aeoa? neooaoe?e aiioe?eiiai ni?aia?aaeeaaiiy, ni?a/oooy; 3)
aeooae?caoe?y ?aoeaeneaiiai iioaioe?aeo oeiey??a, nie?aiiy ia naiiaiae?c
oa naiiioe?ieo, iniaeno?niee aeina?ae ii?aeueieo noinoie?a ?c na?oii oa
naiei niaith; 4) o?aooaaiiy ae?aeia?/iino? i?ioean?a
i?ciaiiy oa i?aeeoeueoo?ii? eiioi?eaoe?? a ii?aeueiiio noaiiaeaii?
iniaenoino?; 5) ?ice?eooy ii?aeueii? oe?iiino? anoaoe/iiai ni?eeiyooy e
anoaoe/iiai ia?aaeeaaiiy ooaeiaei?o ia?ac?a ienoaoeoaa; 6) nie?aiiy ia
eiiieaen ienoaoeoa ye iniiao oe?e?niiai ooaeiaeiueiai ia?aco; 7)
noai?aiiy neooaoe?e ni?aa?aeianaiiy iiaoe/iiai ii?aeueiiai ia?aco a
ienoaoeoa? c ?aaeueiei na?oini?eeiyooyi ? na?oi-a?aeiioaiiyi (ca?aeii c
i?eioeeiii eoeueoo?ia?aeiia?aeiino?); 8) iiaoaii?noue oneeaaeiaiiy
aiioe?eii-ia?aciiai ci?noo neooaoe?e ni?eeoaaiiy c oai?aie ienoaoeoaa.
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aeicaieeee c?iaeoe oae? aeniiaee:
1. Ii?aeue yaey? iaeio c iaeyne?aa?oeo iciae ethaenueeiai ?iaeo,
aenooia? caaaeueiith i?ia?aiith oa ?aaoeyoi?ii aeeooy.
?noi?eei-aaiaoe/iee aniaeo aea/aiiy ii?ae? oa ii?aeueiino? na?ae/eoue
i?i iayai?noue nenoaiiooai?thth/eo ii?aeueieo oe?iiinoae, oa?aeoa?ieo
aeey ??cieo eoeueoo?ieo aiio, ?ae?a?eii-na?oiaeyaeieo nenoai (aeia?i,
ethaia, a??a, nia?noue). Ii?aeuei?noue ethaeeie ao?eth?oueny o ia?eiao??
a?eueiiai iniaenoiai a/eieo ia iniia? iniaeno?niiai ia?aaeeaaiiy oa
ona?aeiieaiiy caaaeueiiethaenueeeo ii?aeueieo oe?iiinoae, i?aaee oa
ii?i.
2. Ii?aeueia eoeueoo?a noa?oieeanieea – ?ioaa?iaaia ye?noue iniaenoino?,
o ye?e i?aaenoaaeai? nienee ?? eoeueoo?iiai aoooy, ui a?aeia?aaeai? a
?aeaaeueieo oyaeaiiyo i?i ii?aeuei? oe?iiino?, ii?aeuei? ii/oooy oa
aenieiii?aeueio iiaaae?ieo. Ii?aeueia eoeueoo?a noa?oieeaniee?a
aeyaey?oueny a iaieiae?ii? nenoaiith caaaeueiiethaenueeeo
ii?aeueii-anoaoe/ieo oe?iiinoae, o noaiiaeaii? ii?aeueiiai a?aeiioaiiy
aei na?oo ? aei naaa ye iniiae ii?aeueii? na?aeiiino? iniaenoino?.
Ii?aeueia iiceoe?y ?iaeea?aea oi?io?oueny i?ae aieeaii noni?euenoaa, aea
/a?ac ?iaeea?aeoaeueiee aea?? oe?iiinoae onueiai noni?euenoaa,
caniiaaiee ia noaiiaeaii?, ca neiaaie ?.Eaioa, aieino Ethaenoaa a
ethaeei?.
3. Ineoieia?/iee iaoai?ci ii?aeueiiai aeoiaaiiy iniaenoino? aaco?oueny
ia ia?aoai?aii? ciai?oi?o ii?aeueieo ii?i o aioo??oi? iioeae
ae?yeueiino?. Ii?aeueia noaaeaiiy ethaeeie aei iaaeieeoiueiai na?oo
iiaeeeaa o?eueee ia aiioe?ei?e iniia?.
4. Ienoaoeoai aenooia? aaaeeeaei caniaii aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e,
ine?eueee naia a iueiio i?aaenoaaeai? ?aeaaeuei? iiaeae?
aenieiii?aeueii? iiaaae?iee iniaenoino?. O na?o? ienoaoeoaa
ii?aeuei?noue aenooia? ia o ii?aeueieo caiia?aeyo, a a iiaoe/ieo ia?acao
eoeueoo?e.
5. Iaaeaaia?/i? oaoiieia?? aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e
noa?oi-eeaniee?a caniaaie ienoaoeoaa aacothoueny ia ?ice?eoo?
caaaeueiiethaenueeeo oa iaoe?iiaeueieo ii?aeueieo oe?iiinoae /a?ac
anoaoe/ia ia?aaeeaaiiy ooaeiaei?o ia?ac?a o ??cieo aeaeao ienoaoeoaa, o
aca?iiae?? ienoaoeoa, o i?ioean? caeo/aiiy oeiey??a aei oai?/i?
ooaeiaeiuei-anoaoe/ii? ae?yeueiino?. Iiaoeea ii?aeueiiai ia?aco a
ienoaoeoa? aeiiiiaaa? oyaeoe ?aei?noue ii?aeueii? oe?iiino?
ooaeiaeiuei-anoaoe/iiai ia?aaeeaaiiy ? ?aaeueiiai na?oini?eeiyooy oa
na?oia?aeiioaiiy.
6. O i?ioean? i?aai?caoe?? ii?aeueiiai aeoiaaiiy aaaeeeaiai cia/aiiy
iaaoaathoue i?aai?caoe?y ae?aeia?/ii? aca?iiae?? o ni?eeoaaii? c
ienoaoeoaii, aiioe?eii iane/aia eiioi?eaoeaia ae?yeuei?noue o/i?anueei?
iieiae?, aoiaiiee noeeue aca?iei ?c ae?oueie.
Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy ? aeniiaee aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeai? aaoi?ii o oaeeo
ioae?eaoe?yo:
1. Ii?aeueia eoeueoo?a noa?oieeaniee?a ye iniiaa aeoiaaiiy aeooiaiino?
// Aoiai?caoe?y iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano: Iaoe.-iaoiae. ca. Aei.IV
/ Ca caa. ?aae. Eaaaiueeiai A.?. oa Nei/aiea A.?. – Neia’yinuee:
?CII-NAeI?, 1998. – N. 330-333.
2. Iiaoeea ii?aeueiiai ia?aco ? i?ioean eiai oi?ioaaiiy o
noa?oieeaniee?a // Iaaeaaia?ea ? ineoieia?y oi?ioaaiiy oai?/i?
iniaenoino?: i?iaeaie ? iiooee: Ca. iaoe. i?. – Ee?a-Caii??aeaey, –
Aei.14. – 1999. – N. 170-172.
3. Aeina?ae aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie
ienoaoeoaa// A?niee Eoaainueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea. Iaaeaaia?/ia na??y. – 1998. – ? 7. –
N.
4. Ainieoaiea i?aanoaaiiie eoeueoo?u noa?oaeeannieeia n?aaenoaaie
eneonnoaa // Oi?ioaaiiy aeooiaii? eoeueoo?e o/i?anueei? iieiae?: Ca.
iaoe. i?aoeue. – Eoaainuee, 1997. – N.189-192.
5. ?ieue oaaaeaeaiee a no?oeoo?a i?aanoaaiiie eoeueoo?u ee/iinoe //
Aeooaeueiua i?iaeaiu ia?aciaaiey e ainieoaiey o/auaeny iieiaeaaee: Na.
iao/i. ?aa. – *. III. – Eoaaine, 1993. – N.25-27. (o ni?aaaoi?noa? c
Iaaeenei I.A.)
6. I?ae?aniue aeooii e oaeii: Iaoiaee/aneia iiniaea a iiiiuue ?aaioieeai
aeaoneeo icaei?iaeoaeueiuo eaaa?ae. – Eoaaine, 1993. – 69 n. (o
ni?aaaoi?noa? c Ae.A.Aooei, I.O.Aei?aiei oa ?i.)
7. I?aanoaaiii-ynoaoe/aneea aniaeou iiaeaioiaee aoaeouaai o/eoaey //
Acaeiiaeaenoaea eneonnoa a aeooiaiii ?acaeoee oeieueieeia: Oacenu
aeieeaaeia o/anoieeia iaae?anioaeeeaineiai naieia?a. – Ai?ioeeiaa?aae,
1990. – N.107-108. (o ni?aaaoi?noa? c Aoaeaa’yioe A.I.).
Oeo??i I.?. Aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e noa?oieeaniee?a caniaaie
ienoaoeoaa. – ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 13.00.01 – oai??y oa ?noi??y iaaeaaia?ee.
Eoaainueeee aea?aeaaiee iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea.
Eoaainuee, 1999.
Aeine?aeaeo?oueny nooi?noue oa no?oeoo?a ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e
noa?oieeaniee?a, ?aei?noue anoaoe/iiai oa aoe/iiai a i?ioean? aeoiaaiiy
ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e iniaenoino?. ?icaeyaea?oueny iaaeaaia?/iee
iioaioe?ae iiaoeee ii?aeueiiai ia?aco, ao?eaiiai o oai?ao ??cieo aeae?a
ienoaoeoaa. Aecia/aii iaaeaaia?/i? oiiae oa oeyoe aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii?
eoeueoo?e o/i?a noa?oeo eean?a caniaaie ienoaoeoaa, ia??oioiaaii
nooi?noue iaaeaaia?/ieo oaoiieia?e aeei?enoaiiy aca?iiae?? ienoaoeoaa a
i?ioean? ii?aeueiiai noaiiaeaiiy noa?oieeaniee?a. I?aaenoaaeaii
?aeiiaiaeaoe?? iaaeaaia?/iei i?aoe?aieeai uiaei noai?aiiy oiia i?ioeano
aeoiaaiiy ii?aeueii? eoeueoo?e o/i?anueei? iieiae?.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: ii?aeue, ii?aeuei?noue, ii?aeueia eoeueoo?a
noa?oieeanieea, iiaoeea ii?aeueiiai ia?aco, aca?iiae?y ienoaoeoa.
Oeo?ei A.E. Ainieoaiea i?aanoaaiiie eoeueoo?u noa?oa-eeannieeia
n?aaenoaaie eneonnoaa. – ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaiae/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 13.00.01 – oai?ey e enoi?ey iaaeaaiaeee.
Eoaaineee ainoaea?noaaiiue iaaeaaiae/aneee oieaa?neoao eiaie Oa?ana
Oaa/aiei. Eoaaine, 1999.
Enneaaeoaony enoi?eei-aaiaoe/aneee aniaeo i?iaeai ii?aee e
i?aanoaaiiinoe, oi?ie?iaaiey i?aanoaaiiie eoeueoo?u ee/iinoe,
?ane?uaaaony niaea?aeaiea e nouiinoiay oa?aeoa?enoeea i?aanoaaiiie
eoeueoo?u ee/iinoe noa?oaeeannieea ia iniiaa nia?aiaiiiai
yoeei-oeeinioneiai ciaiey oa niaoeeoe/iiai iieeeoeueoo?iiai
i?ino?ainoaa, a eioi?ii neeaaeuaaaony iaioaeeoao ee/iinoe,
i?aaenoaaeaiey oeieueieeia ia iaua/aeiaa/aneeo e iaoeeiiaeueiuo
oeaiiinoyo a i?iecaaaeaieyo ?aciuo aeaeia eneonnoaa. Iainiiauaaaony
cia/aiea eneonnoaa a ainieoaiee i?aanoaaiiuo oeaiiinoae, ii?i,
i?aanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee, iiaaaeai/aneeo niiniaia aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe,
?anniao?eaaaony nioeeieoeueoo?iue e i?aanoaaiiue ii?o?ao nia?aiaiiiai
noa?oaeeannieeia.
I?aanoaaiiinoue ii?aaeaeyaony eae ea/anoai eiaeeaeaea, eioi?ue ee/ii
aini?eieiaao e ia?aaeeaaao iaua/aeiaa/aneea e
eiaeeaeaeoaeueii-ee/iinoiua i?aanoaaiiua oeaiiinoe, eae io?aaeaiea
eoeueoo?iiai oiia eiaeeaeaea, aai iaiiaoi?eiinoe, niiniaiinoe aeeoue a
“ai?eciioa ee/iinoe”, a “ai?eciioa i?aanoaaiiuo oeaiiinoae”.
I?aanoaaiiay eoeueoo?a noa?oa-eeannieea ?anniao?eaaaony eae
eioaa?e?iaaiiia ea/anoai ee/iinoe, a eioi?ii i?aaenoaaeaiu niuneu aa
eoeueoo?iiai auoey, io?aaeaiiua a eaeaaeueiuo i?aaenoaaeaieyo i
i?aanoaaiiuo oeaiiinoyo, i?aanoaaiiuo /oanoaao e aunieiii?aeueiii
iiaaaeaiee. I?aanoaaiiay eoeueoo?a noa?oaeeannieeia aeeth/aao ciaiey i
i?aanoaaiiuo oeaiiinoyo, ii?iao ii?aee e i?aanoaaiiii iiaaaeaiee,
i?aanoaaiiua /oanoaa, i?aanoaaiiia iiaaaeaiea. Nenoaiiia?acothueie
eiiiiiaioaie i?aanoaaiiuo /oanoa aunooiatho aeia?i, ethaiaue, niaanoue,
aa?a, oiea?aioiinoue.
I?ioeann ainieoaiey i?aanoaaiiie eoeueoo?u noa?oaeeannieeia – yoi
i?enaiaiea ee/iinoueth noa?oaeeannieea i?aanoaaiiiai iiuoa /aeiaa/anoaa,
i?aia?aciaaiea iaua/aeiaa/aneeo e iaoeeiiaeueiuo i?aanoaaiiuo oeaiiinoae
a ai?eciio nianoaaiiiai “ss”, ?aaeecaoeey ee/iinoiuo oeaiiinoiuo
i?eaioe?ia a nioeeaeueiuo ioiioaieyo.
Iaeaieaa iioeiaeueiui niiniaii ainieoaiey i?aanoaaiiie eoeueoo?u
auaeaeyaony eneonnoai eae eaeaaeueiue ia?acaoe i?aanoaaiiiai iiuoa
/aeiaa/anoaa, a eioi?ii i?aaenoaaeaiu i?aanoaaiiua eiioeeeou yiio,
oeeaeeecaoeee, i?aanoaaiiua yoaeiiu /oanoa e i?aanoaaiiiai iiaaaeaiey
ethaeae. Iiyoeea i?aanoaaiiiai ia?aca, io?aaeaiiay a ?acee/iuo
i?iecaaaeaieyo eneonnoaa e iniaaiii a ooaeiaeanoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?a e
ecia?aceoaeueiii eneonnoaa, aeaao aiciiaeiinoe noa?oaeeannieeai
yiioeeiiaeueii ia?aaeeoue i?aanoaaiiinoue ethaeae e yiio, e /a?ac
eaoa?ne/aneia iio?ynaiea i/enoeoue naith aeooo, na?aeoea e ?acoi.
A aeenna?oaoeee i?aaenoaaeaiu iao/iua iniiau i?ioeanna ainieoaiey
i?aanoaaiiie eoeueoo?u ee/iinoe n?aaenoaaie eneonnoaa, ?ac?aaioaiu
niaea?aeaoaeueiua e i?ioeannoaeueiua aniaeou i?aanoaaiiiai ?acaeoey
noa?oaeeannieeia. ?ane?uoa nouiinoue yenia?eiaioaeueiie ?aaiou,
iicaieeaoae ii?aaeaeeoue e i?iaa?eoue iooe e iaaeaaiae/aneea oneiaey
ainieoaiey i?aanoaaiiie eoeueoo?u o/aueony noa?oaai oeieueiiai aic?anoa
n?aaenoaaie eneonnoaa. Ii?aaeaeaiu e?eoa?ee e o?iaie i?aanoaaiiie
ainieoaiiinoe noa?oaeeannieeia.
I?aeoe/aneia cia/aiea ?aaiou ninoieo a ?ac?aaioea iaaeaaiae/aneeo
oaoiieiaee eniieueciaaiey eneonnoaa a i?aanoaaiiii ainieoaiee, a
/anoiinoe i?ia?aiiu e oaoiieiae/aneiai iaania/aiey oaeoeueoaoeaiiai
eo?na aeey noa?oaeeannieeia “Cieioia i?aaeei i?aanoaaiiinoe”,
ii?aaeaeaiee ineoieiai-iaaeaaiae/aneeo oneiaee i?ioeanna i?aanoaaiiiai
ainieoaiey noa?oaeeannieeia.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: ii?aeue, i?aanoaaiiinoue, i?aanoaaiiay eoeueoo?a
noa?oaeeannieea, iiyoeea i?aanoaaiiiai ia?aca, acaeiiaeaenoaea eneonnoa.
Shkurin A.I. Education of the moral culture of juveniles to be by means
of art. – Manuscript.
The thesis for the degree of master of Pedagogical Science, Speciality
13.00.01 – Theory and history of pedagogic, the Taras Shevchenko Lugansk
State Pedagogical University, Lugansk, 1999.
The essence and structure of moral culture of sunior pupils has been
studied. The unity of aesthetic and ethics has been studied in the
process of education of the moral culture too. The pedagogical potential
of poetics of the moral form, taking place in different works of art, is
examined. The pedagogical conditions and ways of education of moral
culture of juveniles to be by means of art has been substantiated.
The recommendations to the teachers as for the formation conditions for
success of process of education of the moral culture of teenagers is
represented.
Key words: morals, ethical, moral culture of juveniles, poetics of the
moral form, interact of art.
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