3
OA?E?ANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE IAAeE*IEE OI?AA?NEOAO
Eaiaiuee Aiae??e Aieiaeeie?iae/
OAeE 616.993. 192.6 – 053.1 – 036 – 07
EE?I?EI – ?IOIIEIA?*IA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA OA E?EOA???
Ae?AAIINOEEE A?IAeAEAIIAI OIENIIEACIICO O Ae?OAE
IA?OIAI ?IEO AEEOOss
14.01.10 – iaae?ao??y
A A O I ? A O A ? A O
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa iaaee/ieo iaoe
Oa?e?a – 1998
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia o Caii??cueeiio iaaee/iiio oi?aa?neoao? IIC Oe?a?ie
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
Oea/aiei THe?e Iao?iae/
Caii??cueeee iaaee/iee
oi?aa?neoao,
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?ith
aini?oaeueii? iaae?ao???.
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
Iaeeiaoeue TH??e Aaneeueiae/
Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee iaaee/iee
oi?aa?neoao, caa?aeoaa/
eaoaae?ith oaeoeueoaonueei? iaae?ao??? c eo?nii iaaee/ii?
aaiaoeee.aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
E?oa/iaa Aca Na?a??aia
Oa?e?anueeee ?inoeooo
oaeineiiaeaiiy e?ea??a, caa?aeoth/a
eaoaae?ith iaiiaoieia??
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Aei?i?iiao?ianueea aea?aeaaia iaaee/ia
aeaaeai?y, i. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, eaoaae?a aini?oaeueii? iaae?ao??? ?2
oa iaiiaoi -eia?? oaeoeueoaoo i?neyae?ieiiii? ina?oe.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 25 ” ethoiai 1999 ?ieo i 13-30 aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae. 64.600.04 i?e
Oa?e?anueeiio aea?-aeaaiiio iaaee/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ca aae?anith:
310022, i. Oa?e?a, i?. Eai?ia 4.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o a?ae?ioaoe? Oa?e?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai iaaee/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo (310022, i. Oa?e?a, i?. Eai?ia 4).
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “ 18 ” n?/iy 1999 ?ieo
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
eaiaeeaeao iaaee/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio___________ E.?. Ia/a?aiei
4
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue i?iaeaie. A?iaeaeaiee oieniieaciic caaaeaee caeiaa
oeaio?aeueia i?noea o ai?aeai?ieia?? oieniieaciico ethaeeie.
Iiaeeea?noue ?icaeoeo aaaeei? iaoieia?? ia o?eueee o iiaiia?iaeaeaieo, a
e o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy, ii?yae c iaaee/iei, iaaea? oe?e oi?i?
oieniieaciaii? ?ioaeoe?? oaeiae nioe?aeueii – ineoieia?/ia cia/aiiy. O
oie aea /an, oi/i? aeai? a?aeiinii /anoioe oa ee?i?/ieo i?iya?a
aioo??oiueioo?iaiiai oieniieaciico, iniaeeai o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo
aeeooy, ? i?aeoe/ii a?aenooi?ie.
A?aeiii, ui a?iaeaeaiee oieniieaciic ? iaei??th c iniiaieo i?e/ei
ciaioaiiy ia?iaeaeoaaiino?, ca?eueoaiiy e?eueeino? aai?o?a, aeeoy/i?
caoai?thaaiino? oa nia?oiino? ( I.A. Oaaeaaaa; 1987 ). A?iaeaeaia
oieniieaciaia ?ioaeoe?y aeiaaee /an iiaea ia?aa?aaoe eaoaioii: aeeoeia
iiaea caeeoaoeny ciai? caei?iaith, a i?iyae caoai?thaaiiy aeieeathoue o
a?eueo i?ciueiio aeeoy/iio a?oe?, /e iaa?oue o i?aee?oeiaiio, o aeaeyae?
??ciiiai?oieo o?aaeaiue i/ae, ia?aiai? nenoaie oa na?oey ( C.E. Oeeeiiaa
-Ioo??o?ia, A.A. Oaaeoiiaa, 1989 ). Aeiaaaeaii, oaeiae, ca’ycie
o?ii?/iiai a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico c ia?aiai – ineo?/ieie
caoai?thaaiiyie o ae?oae o noa?oiio a?oe? ( L. Roizen; 1995 ). Ie??i
oeueiai, eaoaioiee /e o?ii?/iee ia?aa?a oieniieaciaiii? ?iaac?? ?
iaaacia/iei, caaaeyee nai?e iooaaaii?e ae?? ia ?io?eiaaiee i?aai?ci,
oi?ioaaiiyi aooi?ioiieo i?ioean?a, aooiaa?aneaiiai neiae?iio, ui
iathoue aaaeeeaa iaoiaaiaoe/ia cia/aiiy o ?icaeoeo iaoieia?? aaa?oiino?.
Anoaiiaeai? aeeaie? ci?ie i?e?iaeii? ?acenoaioiino?, ?ioiiiai noaoono
ethaeeie c oi?ioaaiiyi ?ioiiaeao?oeeo?a.
O ca’yceo c aeuaiaaaaeaiei, a oaeiae c oei, ui o?eueee ia i?ioyc? 1990 –
1994 ?ie?a o iaeani?e aeeoy/?e e?ea?i? i. Caii??aeaey ui?ieo iiie?aei
aei 10 ae?oae a?ae a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico, i?e/iio ae?aaiic o an?o
aeiaaeeao anoaiiaethaaany i?ney nia?o?, iinoaei ieoaiiy uiaei
aea/aiiy ee?i?/ieo oa ?ioiieia?/ieo iniaeeainoae ia?aa?ao caoai?thaaiiy,
ia o?eueee o iiaiia?iaeaeaieo, a e o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy.
Ii??aiyii c iiaiia?iaeaeaieie, o yeeo ?ioaeoe?y i?e ?? iai?oanoaoe??
iaaoaa?, iae/ano?oa, aaia?ae?ciaaiiai ia?aa?ao c iie?nenoaiieie
o?aaeaiiyie ? cae?i/o?oueny eaoaeueii, o ae?oae, noa?oeo ca i?ny/iee
a?e, a?iaeaeaiee oieniieaciic ia?aa?aa? o a?eueoino? aeiaaee?a
i?aeaino?i, i?aeoe/ii ia ae?aaiinoo?oueny, ui i?ecaiaeeoue, a
iiaeaeueoiio, aei i?aai?/ieo o?aaeaiue OeIN oa iaoiiaeth?
?iaae?aeecaoe?th. O e?oa?aoo?? oaeiae ia? i?noea aeoiea i?i oa, ui o
a?oaeiiio a?oe? a?iaeaeaiee oieniieaciic a?ae??ciy?oueny aeoaea oe?ieei
niaeo?ii ee?i?/ieo neiae?ii?a, ui iiaeiai a?aoiaoaaoenue o
aeeoa?aioe?ei?e ae?aaiinoeoe? aaaaoueio iaynieo caoai?thaaiue ?aiiueiai
aeeoy/iai a?eo. Anoaiiaeaiiy caeeth/iiai ae?aaiico ia i?aenoaa?
ee?i?/ii? ea?oeie ? aeoaea neeaaeiei, ine?eueee aeiaeai c neiioii?a ia
iiaeia a?aoiaoaaoe niaoeeo?/iei. I?aee?aneth?oueny oaeiae, ui oeiiaa
aeey a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico o??aaea neiioii?a aeoaea ??aeei
c’yaey?oueny o ?aii?e oac? oai?iae. ( Furmaga – Jablonska W.; 1987).
Oaeei /eiii, i?iaeaia ?aiiuei? ae?aaiinoeee a?iaeaeaii? oieniieaciaii?
?ioaeoe?? caeeoa?oueny aei oeueiai /ano aeineoue aeooaeueiith,
ine?eueee nai?/ania i?ecia/aiiy aaeaeaaoii? niaoeeo?/ii? oa?ai??
aeicaieeoue caiia?aoe i?ci?o i?aai?/ieo o?aaeaiue, ia?o ca ana, c aieo
OeIN.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeinue c 1993 ii 1997 ?iee o Caii??cueeiio
iaaee/iiio oi?aa?neoao? o ?aieao ianooiii? i?ia?aie:
Aea/eoe caeiiii??iino? ii?oiaaiaco e?ioi?aeieo i?aai?a o ?aiiueiio
i?neyiaoaeueiiio ia??iae? o ii?i?, i?ney aioo??oiueioo?iaii? aioeaaiii?
noeioeyoe?? oa ?ic?iaeoe niiniae ei?aeoe?? ?ioiieia?/iiai aeao?oeeoo ca
aeiiiiiaith ?ioiiiiaeoeyoi??a (Aea?aeaaia ???no?aoe?y: ? 0194. E
008429).
Iaoa ?iaioe: Aaeineiiaeaiiy nenoaie ?aiiuei? ae?aaiinoeee a?iaeaeaiiai
oieniieaciico o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy ia iniia? iaia’yceiaiai
na?ieia?/iiai, iae?iniiia?ao?/iiai, ?ioiieia?/iiai ianoaaeaiiy oai?eo
c a?oie ?eceeo.
Iniiai? caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy:
1. Aeoiaey/e c aiae?co ee?i?/ieo oa eaai?aoi?ieo aeaieo ae?oae, ui
iiia?ee a?ae a?iaeaeaiiai aaia?ae?ciaaiiai oieniieaciico, aeyaeoe
iieacieee ( neiioiie ), ui iathoue iaea?eueoa cia/aiiy o ae?aaiinoeoe?
caoai?thaaiiy.
2. Nie?ath/enue ia aeai? ?ioiioa?iaioiiai oa ?ioiioethi?anoeaioiiai
iaoiae?a ae?aaiinoeee a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico, aea/eoe iniaeeaino?
ee?i?/iiai ia?aa?ao caoai?thaaiiy.
3. Aea/eoe iniaeeaino? oaaioeeoico o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy c
a?iaeaeaiei oieniieaciicii c aeei?enoaiiyi niaoeeo?/iiai ( oieniieacie
), oa ianiaoeeo?/iiai ( ae??aeaeaeia? a?eae ) aioeaai?a.
4. Aea/eoe iniaeeaino? iae?iniiia?ao?/ii? ea?oeie o ae?oae c
a?iaeaeaiei oieniieaciicii a caeaaeiino? a?ae noaae?? oai?iae.
5. Cai?iiiioaaoe iaea?eueo ?ioi?iaoeai? ee?i?/i?, eaai?aoi?i? oa
iae?iniiia?ao?/i? e?eoa??? ae?aaiinoeee a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico o
ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a:
Anoaiiaeai? aa??aioe ee?i?/iiai ia?aa?ao aino?i? aaia?ae?ciaaii? oi?ie
a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico.
Aea/aii noai oaaioeeoico o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy c a?iaeaeaiei
oieniieaciicii a?aeiinii niaoeeo?/ieo oa ianiaoeeo?/ieo aioeaai?a.
Aecia/aii iniaeeaino? o?aaeaiiy aieiaiiai iiceo o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo
aeeooy c a?iaeaeaiei oieniieaciicii ca aeaieie iae?iniiia?ao?? a
caeaaeiino? a?ae noaae?? oai?iae.
Cai?iiiiiaaii e?eoa??? ae?aaiinoeee oi?ie oa noaae?? a?iaeaeaiiai
oieniieaciico o oe??? eaoaai??? oai?eo.
I?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue ?iaioe:
Aeyaeai? a ?acoeueoao? i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue iniaeeaino? ee?i?/iiai
ia?aa?ao a?iaeaeaii? oieniieaciaii? ?ioaeoe?? o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo
aeeooy ? i?aenoaaith aeey aeeth/aiiy oai?eo aei a?oie ?eceeo oa
nai?/aniiai na?ieia?/iiai ianoaaeaiiy, ui ni?ey? ?aiiueiio
anoaiiaeaiith ae?aaiico oa nai?/aniiio ii/aoeo niaoeeo?/ii? oa?ai??.
Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy o ?iaioo ioi?iie caei?ia`y iaoiaeeee aecia/aiiy ?aiiuei?
aeano?oeoe?? iaeo?io?e?a e?ia? oai?eo i?e ?ieoaaoe?? ?c niaoeeo?/iei
aioeaaiii aeicaiey? iioei?coaaoe eaai?aoi?io ae?aaiinoeeo i?e
i?aeaino??e oi?i? caoai?thaaiiy oa ii?yae c na?ieia?/iei ianoaaeaiiyi
aecia/aoe caaino?aiiy niaoeeo?/iiai caiaeueiiai i?ioeano. Iaoiaeeea
iiaea aooe a?aeoai?aia o noaiaea?oieo eaai?aoi?ieo oiiaao ca aeiiiiiaith
a?o/eciyieo ?aaeoea?a.
I?aeoe/ia canoinoaaiiy iiaeooue ciaeoe oaeiae aeai?, io?eiai? a
?acoeueoao? iae?iniiia?ao?/iiai ianoaaeaiiy oai?eo, oiio ui
aeicaieythoue aecia/aoe ieceo aoi – iciae, iayai?noue yeeo iiaeiia
ianoi?iaeeoe a?aeiinii aino?ioe niaoeeo?/iiai caiaeueiiai i?ioeano o
OeIN.
Oai?aoe/i? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeathoueny i?e i?iaaaeaii?
i?aeoe/ieo caiyoue ia eaoaae?? aini?oaeueii? iaae?ao??? Caii??cueeiai
iaaee/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue ai?iaaaeaeai? a
i?aeoeeo ?iaioe a?oaeiiai oa ae?aaiinoe/iiai a?aeae?eaiue Iaeanii?
aeeoy/i? e?ea?i? i. Caii??aeaey, a?aeae?eaiiyo iaoieia??
iiaiia?iaeaeaieo 1,5 i?nueeeo aeeoy/eo e?ea?aiue, a?aeae?eaii?
iaoieia?? iiaiia?iaeaeaieo aeeoy/i? e?ea?i? ? 1 i. Aei?i?iiao?ianueea.
Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?? aeei?enoai? aeey noai?aiiy ?ioi?iaoe?eieo
eenoe?a, aeaeaieo ?anioae?eainueeei oeaio?ii iaoeiai – iaaee/ii?
?ioi?iaoe?? I?i?noa?noaa ioi?iie caei?ia’y Oe?a?ie ? 155 – 96 “
Eaai?aoi?i? oa oeueo?acaoeia? e?eoa??? aino?ioe iaoieia?/iiai i?ioeano
i?e a?iaeaeaiiio oieniieaciic? o ae?oae ?aiiueiai a?eo ”, oa ? 156 – 96
“Oaeoi?e ?eceeo i?e a?iaeaeaiiio oieniieaciic? o ae?oae ?aiiueiai
a?eo”, caoaa?aeaeaieo ia i?aenoaa? i?ioieieo ? 10 ??oaiiy AE “
Iaae?ao??y “ a?ae 25. 10. 95. Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a o
i?aeoeeo ioi?iie caei?ia’y aeicaieeei ia 20 % i?aeaeueoe aeyaeaiiy
caoai?thaaiiy.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe i?iaaaeaia ia i?aeeaoaae?aeueiiio can?aeaii? eaoaae?
aini?oaeueii? iaae?ao???, aeeoy/eo ?ioaeoe?eieo oai?ia oa eaoaae?e
iaae?ao??? Caii??cueeiai ?inoeoooo oaeineiiaeaiiy e?ea??a. Iniiai?
iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe iia?aeiieai? ia 3 can?aeaiiyo Iaeanii?
iaoeiai? ni?eee aeeoy/eo e?ea??a ia i?ioyc? 1994 – 1997 ?ie?a, ia
Iaeani?e iaoeiai – i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? e?ea??a – iaiiaoieia?a (
Caii??aeaey, 1997), ia 4 c’?cae? ea?ae?ieia?a Oe?a?ie
(Aei?i?iiao?ianuee, 1993), i?aeia?iaei?e iaoeiai – i?aeoe/i?e
eiioa?aioe?? “ Eeeie/aneea e ii?oieiae/aneea e?eoa?ee ia?eiaoaeueiie
iaoieiaee” (Aeiiaoeuee, 1994), 3 iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? ii?oieia?a
(Neioa?iiieue, 1995), ia ?aae? iieiaeeo a/aieo oa niaoe?ae?no?a “
Oeceieiaey e iaoieiaey ia?aeeniiai ieeneaiey eeieaeia, aaiinoaca e
eiioiiaaiaca “ (Iieoaaa, 1993), ia iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? “ Aeooaeuei?
ieoaiiy oai?aoe/ii? oa ee?i?/ii? iaaeeoeeie ia no/aniiio ??ai?” (
Iieoaaa, 1996), iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? “ Aiiainoac e eioaeoeeiiiue
i?ioeann” ( Na?aoia, 1996), eiioa?aioe?? “ Aeooaeueiua aii?inu ea/aiey
caaieaaaiee iii?ii – aeaeaaoaeueiiai aiiia?aoa, oeaio?aeueiie e
ia?eoa?e/aneie ia?aiie nenoaiu, ?anie?aoi?iuo aeea?aicia o aeaoae ”
(?aiaoi??y, 1995) oa aoee aeei?enoai? o aeiiia?aeyo.
Ii iaoa??aeai aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 18 ?ia?o, c ieo 4 ?iaioe
iioae?eiaai? o iaoeiaeo aeo?iaeao oa 8 ?ia?o (oacene), iioae?eiaai? o
ca??ieeao.
No?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe?? oa ianya ?acoeueoao?a
Aeena?oaoe?y aeeeaaeaia ia 135 noi??ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo,
?ethno?iaaia 19 oaaeeoeyie oa 6 iaethieaie oa 1 noaiith ? neeaaea?oueny
c anooio, 5 aeaa, aeniiae?a oa iieaae/eea e?oa?aoo?e, yeee aeeth/a? a
naaa 164 aeaea?aea.
Iniaenoee aianie a ?ic?iaeo iaoeiaeo ?acoeueoao?a
Aeena?oaio naiino?eii i?iaiaeea e?oa?aoo?iee iiooe, i?aea?? oai?eo, ?o
ee?i?/ia ianoaaeaiiy, iniaenoi aeeiioaaa na?ieia?/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy c
aeei?enoaiiyi iaoiaeeee iai?yii? ?ioiioethi?anoeaioe?? oa aeine?aeaeaiiy
noaio oaaioeeoico, aeey /iai ai?iaaaeea iaoiaeeeo iae?eo oaaioeeoa?iiai
iieacieea oa e?eueeino? c?oeiiaaieo iaeo?ioee?a e?ia? oai?eo ia
a?iaeaeaio oieniieaciaio ?ioaeoe?th ae?oae i?e ?ieoaaoe?? ?c
niaoeeo?/iei aioeaaiii (oieniieaciaie), ui aeicaieyei nai?/anii
anoaiiaethaaoe ae?aaiic caoai?thaaiiy. I?iaiaeea oeueo?acaoeia?
aeine?aeaeaiiy aieiaiiai iiceo ?acii c niaoe?ae?noaie ii niiia?ao??, oa
?ioa?i?aooaaa io?eiai? ?acoeueoaoe, ui aeicaieeei a iiaeaeueoiio
i?iaiaeeoe aeeiai?/iee iae?iniiia?ao?/iee eiio?ieue niaoeeo?/iiai
caiaeueiiai i?ioeano o OeIN i?e ??cieo oi?iao oai?iae . I?iaiaeea aiae?c
ee?i?/ieo aeaieo, noaio aaeaioaoe?? ca aeiiiiiaith aea/aiiy ia?aiao??a
nenoaiii? aaiiaeeiai?ee o ae?oae, oai?eo ia aino?o aaia?ae?ciaaio
oi?io a?iaeaeaii? oieniieaciaii? ?ioaeoe??. Naiino?eii i?iaiaeea
noaoenoe/io ia?iaeo iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a oa ioi?ieaiiy ?iaioe.
CI?NO ?IAIOE
Iaoa??aee ? iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy
Aeyaeaiiy niaoeeo?/ieo aioeo?e o ne?iaaooe? e?ia? ae?oae aoei i?iaaaeaii
ca aeiiiiiaith eiia?oe?eieo ae?aaiinoe/ieo oano – nenoai aeey
?iioiioa?iaioiiai aiae?co “TOXO G” ? “TOXO M” o??ie “AAAIOO” (NOA).
Aecia/aiiy i?iaiaeeeinue ia aaoiiaoeciaaiiio niaeo?ioioiiao?? “AAAIOO”.
Ca ae?aaiinoe/iee ??aaiue ?aooaaee ai?no aioeo?e o ne?iaaooe? e?ia?, ui
ia?aaeuoaaa 0,5 IA/ie. O ?aaeoe?? iai?yii? ?iioiioethi?anoeaioe?? (?I?O)
ie oaeiae aecia/aee oeo?e niaoeeo?/ieo aioeo?e, ui a?aeiineeeny aei
?iioiiaeiaoe?i?a I oa G, aeey /iai aoa aeei?enoaiee nooee ae?aaiinoeeoi
oieniieaciaiee aeey ?I?O, ui ae?iaey?oueny Iaeanueeei caaiaeii
aaeoa??eieo i?aia?ao?a. Aecia/aiiy niaoeeo?/iiai ?iioiiaeiaoe?io I
i?iaaaeaii ii oe?e naia iaoiaeeoe? ?c aeei?enoaiiyi ethi?ianoeaioieo
iiiiniaoeeo?/ieo ae?aaiinoe/ieo aioeo?e i?ioe IgM (I) ethaeeie, nooeo,
ui aeaioiaeythoueny ?inoeoooii ai?aeai?ieia?? oa i?e?ia?ieia?? ?iai?
aeaaeai?ea I.O. Aaiaea? (Iineaa, ?in?y). Iae?e ?aaeoe?? i?iaiaeeee ca
aeiiiiiaith i?enoaaee aei iioe/iiai i?e?ineiio, aeey ?ioiiaeiaoe?i?a G o
oeo?ao a?ae 1: 20 aei 1: 640, aeey ?ioiiaeiaoe?i?a I – o oeo?ao 1: 5 oa
1: 10.
Oaaioeeoa?io aeoeai?noue iaeo?io?e?a ?c niaoeeo?/iei oa ianiaoeeo?/iei
aioeaaiaie o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy c a?iaeaeaiei oieniieaciicii ie
aecia/aee ca iaoiaeeeith A.A. Oeoa/e?ii? oa ni?aaao. ( Athe. ? 47, 1990
a., 53/611.018.5.616, 15.(54), (57), no?. 147), ?ic?iaeaiith o
Iaeanueeiio ?inoeooo? a??onieia?? oa ai?aeai?ieia?? ?iai? I?/i?eiaa
(Iaeana). Aecia/aee oaaioeeoa?iee iieaciee, ?iaeaen ?oeioaaiiy, ?iaeaen
niaoeeo?/ii? caoeuaiino? iaeo?io?e?a. Aeacaiee ?iaeaen aecia/aee ca
oi?ioeith: ?CI = 100/OI + ??, aea ?CI – ? ?iaeaen niaoeeo?/ii?
caoeuaiino? iaeo?io?e?a, OI – oaaioeeoa?iee iieaciee, ?? – ?iaeaen
?oeioaaiiy iaeo?io?e?a. O yeino? niaoeeo?/iiai aioeaaio
aeei?enoiaoaaee nooo, aaeoo oi?iae?iii, e?io?e?ciaaio eoeueoo?o
oieniieaci, ui aoiaeeoue o neeaae aei aeuacacia/aiiai ae?aaiinoeeoia
aeey ?I?O. O yeino? ianiaoeeo?/iiai aioeaaio aeei?enoiaoaaee nooo
e?io?e?ciaaio eoeueoo?o ae??aeaeaeiaeo a?ea?a, yeo ie aeei?enoiaoaaee
aeey ?aaeoe?? oaaioeeoico o aeaeyae? noi?o?, ui i?noeoue ia 30 ie 10 ia
ae??aeaeaeiaeo ee?oei. ?? aiooaaee ia aiaeyi?e aai? eei’yo?iiyi ia
i?ioyc? 30 oaeeei. Iacee c i?aeaeaieie oaaioeeoico oieniieaciaie
oa?aoaaee ca ?iiaiianueeei – A?ica, a ae??aeaeaeiaeie ee?oeiaie –
aaiaoienee?iii ?c aeiaeaaaiiyi aethiieae??aeo eaane?a.
Oeueo?acaoeiaa aeine?aeaeaiiy iiceo i?iaiaeeee ia aia?ao? OOSHIBA 38 SAL
38 AS ?c canoinoaaiiyi naeoi?aeueiiai aeao/eeo ia 3,5 oa 5 IAoe.
Noaoenoe/ia ia?iaea ?acoeueoao?a i?iaiaeeeanue ca aeiiiiiaith IAII c
aeei?enoaiiyi e?eoa??th Nouethaeaioa.
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy
Ia i?ioyc? 1992 – 1994 ?ie?a o iaeani?e aeeoy/?e e?ea?i? i. Caii??aeaey
o 36 ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy, ui iiia?ee, aoa anoaiiaeaiee ae?aaiic
a?iaeaeaiiai aaia?ae?ciaaiiai oieniieaciico. A caaaeuei?e no?oeoo??
eaoaeueiino? ae?oae aei 1 ?ieo ii ee?i?oe? oey iaoieia?y neeaea 22,1%,
iinooiath/enue ca /anoioith o?eueee aaaeai ?icaeoeo. I?e aeeoo? a
aeiaeiiio c aeiaaee?a ae?aaiic ia aoa anoaiiaeaiee. ?ao?iniaeoeaiee
aiae?c iniaeeainoae ee?i?/iiai ia?aa?ao oai?iae o 36 ae?oae, ui iiia?ee
a?ae a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico iieacaa, ui 8 ae?oae ia?iaeeeenue
aeeaiei iaaeiiioaieie, o 15 niinoa??aaeanue cao?eiea
aioo??oiueioo?iaiiai ?icaeoeo ii a?iio?io?/iiio oeio. O iaoa??a 21
aeeoeie a aiaiiac? iaea i?noea iaoieia?y aaa?oiino? oa iieia?a. Oea
i?aeoaa?aeaeo? e?oa?aoo?i? aeai? i?i aenieo /anoioo iaaeiiooaaiiy
aaa?oiino? i?e a?iaeaeaiiio oieniieaciic? ( A.E. Aeeaiacyi; 1994). Iaie
aeae?eaii 3 aa??aioe ee?i?/iiai ia?aa?ao ?ioaeoe??: ia?oee – c
aeii?ioaaiiyi a?iioieaaaiaai? neiioiiaoeee, ae?oaee – c ia?aaaaeath/ei
o?aaeaiiyi OeIN, o?ao?e – ?c naioe/iei ia?aa?aii. Naioe/iee aa??aio
aino?i? aaia?ae?ciaaii? oi?ie caoai?thaaiiy niinoa??aaany eeoa o 7
oai?eo, oi/a ?nio? aeoiea, ui aaia?ae?ciaaia oi?ia a?iaeaeaiiai
oieniieaciico, ia?aa?aa?, ia?aaaaeii, ii oeio naineno. Ne?ae oaeiae
cacia/eoe, ui aei iniiae ?iciiae?eo ia aa??aioe iaie aoa iieeaaeaiee
i?eioeei aeii?ioaaiiy ee?i?/ii? neiioiiaoeee. Aaia?ae?caoe?y ae
?ioaeoe?? i?aeoaa?aeaeaia ia aooiin?? o an?o 36 ae?oae.
Aei ia?oi? a?oie aoei aeeth/aii 15 ae?oae ?c neiioiiaie o?aaeaiiy
aeeoaeueii? nenoaie, o yeeo, o a?eueoino? aeiaaee?a (9), o ee?i?oe?
iaee i?noea iciaee iiaaiii??. Aaaeeeaei oaeoii noaei oaeiae oa, ui naia
a oe?e a?oi?, ia a?aei?io a?ae aeaio ?ioeo, aeyaeeanue iaea?eueoa
e?euee?noue oai?eo c aiiiae?yie ?icaeoeo eaaaiue, oeoieiai – eeoeiaiai
o?aeoo oa a?iaeaeaieie aaaeaie na?oey, ui ca?aa?oueny c aeaieie A.A.
Iaia oa N.A. Oaaeoiiai? (1975), ye? ciaoiaeeee iiae?ai? aiiiae?? i?e
a?iaeaeaiiio oieniieaciic?. I?e a?iaeaeaieo aaaeao na?oey o oeeo ae?oae
aeii?ioaaee naioaeuei? aeaoaeoe. O?aaeaiiy OeIN o oe?e a?oi?
oa?aeoa?ecoaaeiny ia?aaaaeaiiyi a?iioii?? i’yc?a, a iaoieiaiaiaoii?/ii
– iii??ii ae?aaeaieie iciaeaie aioeaoae?oo. O?aaeaiiy ie?ie o a?eueoino?
ae?oae oa?aeoa?ecoaaeinue eaai?aoi?iei neiae?iiii o?aiceoi?ii?
iao?iiao??.
Ae?oaee aa??aio ia?aa?ao oai?iae ( c aeii?ioaaiiyi iaa?ieia?/ii?
neiioiiaoeee) aoa aeia/aiee o 14 oai?eo. I?e oeueiio ee?i?/ii ia ia?oee
ieai aeoiaeeee: no?eeee noaeiiiee neiae?ii, neiae?ii o?eaeiai aethaaiiy
oa c?eaoaaiue, iiceiaa eiia, a?ae?ioeaoaeueiee neiae?ii, aeenoii?y
i’yc?a, a iaoiii?oieia?/ii – ianeai? iae?ice, aaaaoi/enaeuei? aiaieua
caaiiaiiy, ii?aioeaoae?y, e?noici? o?ainoi?iaoe??, i?e?ia???y,
e?iaiaeeeae ??ciiiai?oii? eieae?caoe??, oiaoi a?eueo a?oa?, i?ae i?e
?ioeo aa??aioao ia?aa?ao caoai?thaaiiy, i?aai?/i? ci?ie o OeIN.
O?aaeaiiy na?oey iaaoaaei ia?aa?ao i?iaeoeoeaiiai i?iea?aeeoo, ?c
ciaoiaeaeaiiyi, a aeayeeo aeiaaeeao, o oeaiei? i?iea?aeo oieniieaci,
ea?ae?iae?no?io??. Aoyaiaiiy o caiaeueiee i?ioean ie?ie
oa?aeoa?ecoaaeinue neiioiiieiiieaenii iao?eoo, a iaoieiaiaiaoii?/ii –
aeyaeaiiyi iciae aeenieac??.
I?e naioe/iiio ia?aa?ao aaia?ae?ciaaii? oi?ie a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico
caoaeiee (oieniieacie) /ano?oa ciaoiaeeany o oeaiei? i?iea?aeo oa
ie?ie. O?aaeaiiy ia?aiai? nenoaie iaaoaaei ia?aa?ao iai?iaiaioeaoae?oo c
o?a?icii i’yeeo iaieiiie iiceo, aioeaoae?oo c caaiiaiiyi. Ao?ieia?/iei
oaeoi?ii naineno o a?eueoino? aeiaaee?a aoea eeaan??ea oa ?ioa oiiaii –
iaoiaaiia, a oaeiae niieo/aia oei?a, ui a?aeaeca?eaethaaei oaeo aeeaiei?
?ioiiaeai?an?? i?e oeueiio aa??aio? ia?aa?ao caoai?thaaiiy.
Ioaea, iai aaeaeiny aeyaeoe aeieeiaiiy ??cieo ee?i?/ieo oa
iaoiii?oieia?/ieo neiioiiieiiieaen?a i?e ia?oiio ? ae?oaiio aa??aioao
ia?aa?ao aino?i? aaia?ae?ciaaii? oi?ie a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico, ui
iia’ycaia c ??cieie oa?i?iaie ?io?aiaoaeueii? oieniieaciaii? ?iaac??.
Ie??i oeueiai, ia i?aenoaa? aeuaiaaaaeaiiai, iiaeia eacaoe i?i oa, ui a
oe?eiio aeieeiaiiy aaia?ae?caoe?? caoai?thaaiiy iia’ycaia ia o?eueee c
oa?i?iaie aioo??oiueioo?iaii? ?iaac??, a e c ?? ianeai?noth. Aieea
oieniieaci ia ie?ae o ?aii? oa?i?ie aioo??oiueioo?iaiiai ?icaeoeo
i?ecaiaeea aei oi?ioaaiiy a?aeiia?aeieo aiiiae?e oa ?iaeoeoaaa
aaia?ae?caoe?th i?ioeano o iinoiaoaeueiiio ia??iae?. Ca?aeii c oeei,
aaia?ae?ciaaia oi?ia ?ioaeoe?? iiaea aeieeaoe ia o?eueee i?e i?ciueiio,
a e i?e ?aiiueiio ?io?aiaoaeueiiio ?io?eoaaii?. I?e an?o aa??aioao
ia?aa?ao aaia?ae?ciaaii? oi?ie aino?iai a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico
cacia/aii aoyaiaiiy o iaoieia?/iee i?ioean oeaio?aeueii? ia?aiai?,
na?oeaai – noaeeiii? nenoai oa ie?ie.
Aaiaoieia?/i? i?iyae aino?iai a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico, ui cae?i/eany
eaoaeueii, oaeiae iaee aeaye? iniaeeaino? (oaaeeoey 1). Oae, o ia??iae?
iiaiia?iaeaeaiino? niinoa??aaeiny ca?eueoaiiy o aeeiai?oe? oai?iae ye
a?aeiinii?, oae ? aaniethoii? e?eueeino? iiiioeeo?a ia?eoa??eii? e?ia?.
O oai?eo, noa?oeo ca i?nyoeue (oaaeeoey 2), oaeiae aeyaeaii i?aeaeuaiiy
e?eueeino? iiiioeeo?a, aea oea oi?eaeiny o?eueee ?o aaniethoii?
e?eueeino?. O oie aea /an, o oeueiio a?oe?, iniaeeai o ia?o?i i?a??//?,
iaea i?noea a?ia?a?e??oa?iai?y. (166+32,2 ieiieue/e), ui coiiaethaaei
o?eaaeo aeiaoyieoeth oa iiceia? neiioiie o oeeo oai?eo.
Oaaeeoey 1
Iniiai? aaiaoieia?/i? oa a?io?i?/i? iieacieee i?e aaia?ae?ciaai?e
oi?i? a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico o iiaiia?iaeaeaieo
Iieaciee n=17aaiiaeia?i, a/e 186,93 8,91eaeeioeeoe, 1o109/e12,80
1,60iiiioeeoe, %8,14 1,51iiiioeeoe o aeeiai?oe?, % 15,77
1,57iiiioeeoe (aaniethoia e?euee?noue) 1699,94 500,97iiiioeeoe o
aeeiai?oe? (aaniethoia e?euee?noue)3988,23 1537,37e?ioioeeoe, %32,07
3,56e?ioioeeoe (aaniethoia e?euee?noue)3855,80 574,14caaaeueiee
a?eie, a/e56,46 2,39oeoei? e?ia?, iiieue/e4,39 0,43a?e??oa?i
caaaeueiee , ieiieue/e239,86 18,04a?e??oa?i i?yiee, ieiieue/e
90,67 43,31
Oaaeeoey 2
Iniiai? aaiaoieia?/i? oa a?io?i?/i? iieacieee i?e aaia?ae?ciaai?e
oi?i? a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico o ae?oae a?oaeiiai a?eo
Iieaciee n14aaiiaeia?i, a/e 128,28 6,31eaeeioeeoe, 1o109/e11,34
0,57iiiioeeoe, %5,62 0,31iiiioeeoe o aeeiai?oe?, %10,94
0,73iiiioeeoe aan. e?euee?noue 576,73 100,55iiiioeeoe o aeeiai?oe?
(aaniethoia e?euee?noue)1354,50 289,20e?ioioeeoe, %34,60
4,03e?ioioeeoe (aaniethoia e?euee?noue)3866,10 462,49caaaeueiee
a?eie, a/e62,11 2,60oeoei? e?ia?, iiieue/e4,42
0,33a?e??oa?i caaaeueiee, ieiieue/e166,81 32,23Aeyaeai? aa??aioe
ia?aa?ao oa aaiaoieia?/i? iniaeeaino? aino?i? aaia?ae?ciaaii? oi?ie
a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico aeicaieythoue nai?/anii cai?aeic?thaaoe
oai?iao oa i?iaiaeeoe i?eaeeoo?ao na?ieia?/io ae?aaiinoeeo ?ioaeoe??.
Cacia/aiee aeua iiiioeeoic, nei??oa ca ana, oaeiae aeieea? o ca’yceo c
aaia?ae?caoe??th i?ioeano, ine?eueee oieniieacie, ye a?aeiii,
i?ioiaeyoue oeeee ?icaeoeo o iae?ioaaaeuei?e nenoai? oacy?io.
Ia i?aenoaa? io?eiaieo aeaieo ie ae?iaeee iiia?aaei? e?eoa??? ?eceeo
iayaiino? o aeeoeie a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico, ye? aoei aeei?enoaii o
iiaeaeueo?e ?iaio? uiaei a?aeai?o oai?eo, ni?yiiaaieo aei na?ieia?/iiai
ianoaaeaiiy.
Anueiai iaie aoei ianoaaeaii 416 i?aeic?thaaieo ia a?iaeaeaiee
oieniieaciic ae?oae. C aeei?enoaiiyi ?ioiioa?iaioiiai iaoiaeo aecia/aee
ai?no aioeoieniieaciaieo aioeo?e, ui a?aeiinyoueny aei Ig G o 104
oai?eo, oa aei Ig M o 81 oai?iai. O ?aaeoe?? iai?yii?
?ioiioethi?anoeaioe?? iaie i?iaiaeeeinue iaeii/ania aecia/aiiy oeo??a
aeacaieo aioeo?e. I?e oeueiio ae?aaiinoe/i? eiioeaio?aoe??
aioeoieniieaciaieo Ig G io?eiai? o 40 c 104 oai?eo (38,4%), ui aoee
ianoaaeai? ?ioiioa?iaioiei iaoiaeii oa 72 c 231 aeeoeie (34,2%),
ianoaaeaieo a ?I?O, oiaoi a oe?eiio o 119 c 335 ianoaaeaieo, ui neeaaea?
35,5%. Aioeoieniieaciai? aioeo?ea, ui a?aeiinyoueny aei Ig M aoee
aeyaeai? iaie o 11 c 81 oai?eo, ianoaaeaieo o ?OA , ui neeaei 13,6% oa o
43 c 231 aeeoeie, ianoaaeaieo oethi?anoeaioiei iaoiaeii, ui neeaei
18,6%.
Oaeei /eiii, i?e aeeoo? o 54 c 312 oai?eo (17,5%) aoa anoaiiaeaiee
ae?aaiic aino?i? a?iaeaeaii? oieniieaciaii? ?ioaeoe??. O 36 ae?oae
ae?aaiic aoa anoaiiaeaiee i?ney nia?o?, oiaoi, a oe?eiio i?i
a?iaeaeaiee oieniieaciic iiaeia aoei eacaoe o 90 ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo
aeeooy. I?e oeueiio iaea i?noea ocaiaeaeai?noue io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a o
aeacaieo aeaio iaoiaeao ianoaaeaiiy, ui ni?aiaaea? c aeaieie e?oa?aoo?e
i?i i?eaeecii ??aio ae?aaiinoe/io oe?ii?noue ?ioiioa?iaioiiai oa
?ioiioethi?anoeaioiiai aeine?aeaeaiue. Ne?ae oaeiae cacia/eoe, ui aeaui
a?eueoa e?euee?noue aeyaeaiiy Ig G – aioeo?e i?e ianoaaeaii? a ?OA
iiaea aooe iia’ycaia c ia?aaaaeaiiyi iiaiia?iaeaeaieo o oe?e a?oi?
(81,7%), o yeeo oe? aioeo?ea iaee, nei??o ca ana, o?ainieaoeaioa?ia
iioiaeaeaiiy. E?euee?noue aeyaeaiiy niaoeeo?/ieo Ig M ni?aiaaea? c
aeaieie A.A. *aao?e?ia (1984) i?i a?aenioie i?aeoaa?aeaeaieo aeiaaee?a
ae?aaiico oieniieaciico – 11,4%, a e?euee?noue aeyaeaiiy Ig G – c
aeaieie O.A. Eoeueyiiai? (1986) i?i a?aenioie iiceoeaieo ?ioiieia?/ieo
?aaeoe?e ia oieniieaciic o ae?oae, i?aeic?thaaieo ia oeth ?ioaeoe?th.
Ie??i oeueiai, a ?OA ia iayai?noue cacia/aieo aioeo?e iaie aoei
ianoaaeaii 35 iaoa??a, i?e /iio c ieo o 25 aoa aecia/aiee niaoeeo?/iee
Ig G ? o 10 – Ig M. A ?acoeueoao? ianoaaeaiiy aeyaeeinue, ui o 11
iaoa??a ai?no aioeoieniieaciaieo Ig G aoa ae?aaiinoe/iei ? neeaa 1,655
+0,23 IA/ie, a o 8 ia?iaeaeaieo a?ae oeeo iaoa??a ae?oae – 2,02 0,05
IA/ie a?aeiia?aeii, oiaoi o a?eueoino? aeiaaee?a a?aeaoaaeany
o?ainieaoeaioa?ia ia?aaea/a oeeo aioeo?e c ianooiiei ?o iaeiie/aiiyi o
ae?oae. O 2 c 10 ae?iie, ianoaaeaieo ia aioeoieniieaciaii? Ig M –
aioeo?ea, ?o ai?no oaeiae aoa ae?aaiinoe/iei ? neeaaeaa 0, 870 + 0,41
IA/ie, a o ae?oae a?ae oeeo iaoa??a 0,714 0,31 IA/ie a?aeiia?aeii,
oiaoi o aeaiiio aeiaaeeo oai?? ia a?iaeaeaiee oieniieaciic ae?iee
aioo??oiueioo?iaii ?io?eoaaee ie?ae, ui i?ecaiaeeei aei ia?iaeaeaiiy o
ieo oai?eo ae?oae. I?ioa, ia i?aenoaa? aeaieo i?i ai?no niaoeeo?/ieo Ig
G ia iiaeia aoei aeinoia??ii noaeeoe i?i ?o o?ainieaoeaioa?ia
iioiaeaeaiiy, o ca’yceo c oei, ui iiaiia?iaeaeai? oai?? ia a?iaeaeaiee
oieniieaciic iiaee naiino?eii i?iaeoeoaaoe aeacai? aioeo?ea.
Oaeei /eiii, iaea?eueo aeioe?eueiei c ae?aaiinoe/ii? oi/ee ci?o,
iniaeeai o iiaiia?iaeaeaieo oa ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy, ? iaeii/ania
aecia/aiiy niaoeeo?/ieo Ig M oa Ig G- aioeo?e.
Ee?i?/iee aiae?c iniaeeainoae ia?aa?ao oai?iae o 42 ae?oae c
i?aeaino?ith oi?iith oieniieaciico iieacaa, ui a?eueo?noue oeeo oai?eo
aoee aini?oae?ciaai? aei noaoe?iia?o ?c neeaaeiei iaoieia?/iei
neiae?iiii. Iniiaiith i?e/eiith aini?oae?caoe?? aoei o?aaeaiiy
oeaio?aeueii? ia?aiai? oa aeeoaeueii? nenoai. Iaoieia?y ia?aa?ao
aaa?oiino? niinoa??aaeanue o 15 c 42 iaoa??a oeeo ae?oae, i?e/iio 13 c
ieo aoee ianoaaeai? o ?CE ia oieniieaciic ? o 5 aeiaaeeao aoee ciaeaeai?
iiceoeai? ?acoeueoaoe. Iaoieia?y iieia?a aoea o 18 ae?iie, oiaoi, ye ? a
iiia?aaei?e a?oi?, aaaaoi c iaoa??a oai?eo ia oieniieaciic ae?oae iaee
iaoieia?th aaa?oiino? oa iieia?a. Ioaea, iiaeia aoei eacaoe i?i oa, ui
o?eueee a?ey iieiaeie c ianoaaeaieo ae?iie aoee oai?? ia aino?ee
oieniieaciic i?ae /an aaa?oiino?. ?io? iaoa?? no?aaeaeaee ia eaoaioio
oi?io oai?iae, aea o ?acoeueoao? aanoic?a, oaoiieaoeaioa?ii?
iaaeinoaoiino?, nei??o ca ana, iiaee aeieeaoe ni?eyoeea? oiiae uiaei
aioo??oiueioo?iaii? ia?aaea/? caoaeieea. Oea i?aeoaa?aeaeo? aeoieo I.I.
Iaeueieea (1978) i?i iaiaia’yceia?noue iayaiino? oaeoo aino?iai
oieniieaciico i?ae /an aaa?oiino? aeey o?ainieaoeaioa?ii? ia?aaea/?
?ioaeoe??.
Na?aae iaa?ieia?/ieo i?iya?a oai?iae o oe?e a?oi? oai?eo ae?oae
ia?aaaaeaee noaeiiiee neiae?ii, a?ae?ioeaoae?y, i?e?ioeaoae?y, a?oaa
cao?eiea noaoiiioi?iiai ?icaeoeo. Na?aae o?aaeaiue aeeoaeueii? nenoaie
aeii?ioaaee iciaee a?iio?oo. Ia aenieo /anoioo o?aaeaiue aeeoaeueii?
nenoaie i?e a?iaeaeaiiio oieniieaciic? aeacoaaee oaeiae E.A. I?o?inueea
oa ni?aaao. (1981). Aei oiai ae, o 2 oai?eo c oe??? a?oie iaa i?noea
aooiciee noiiaoeo, yeee, ca aeoieith O.A. Eoeueyiiai? (1986), iiaea
yaeyoe niaith iniaeeao oi?io oieniieaciaii? ?ioaeoe??. Cacia/aiee aeua
iaa?ieia?/iee neiioiiieiiieaen iiaea na?ae/eoe i?i oaco aeoeaiiai
aioeaoae?oo, i?eoaiaiiiio, ca eeaneo?eaoe??th Talhammer O.(1975),
i?aeaino?iio a?iaeaeaiiio oieniieaciico.
Na?aae aaiaoieia?/ieo i?iya?a oe??? oi?ie caoai?thaaiiy ne?ae cacia/eoe
oaiaeaioe?th aei eaeeiiai?? oa a?aeiiniiai iaeo?io?eueico o ia??iae?
iiaiia?iaeaeaiino?. ??aaiue a?e??oa?io caeeoaany i?aeaeuaiei aei 20 aeiy
aeeooy ? eieeaaany o iaaeao 140 – 210 ieiieue/e. O a?eueo noa?oiio a?oe?
o 30% oeeo ae?oae aeyaeyeanue iii??ia ae?aaeaia a?iio?iiia aiai?y a
oaeiae aeayeee eaeeioeeoic oa iaeo?io?eueic. O ieaci? ?o e?ia?
niinoa??aaany i?aeaeuaiee ai?no AEO – 0,95+ 0,05 iiiieue/e. I?aeaeuaiiy
??aiy iiiioeeo?a, ye o ae?oae c aaia?ae?ciaaiith oi?iith aino?i?
oieniieaciaii? ?ioaeoe??, cacia/aii ia aoei. O ca’yceo c oeei, ii i???
aeic??aaiiy ?ioiii? nenoaie oai?eo, iiaeia aoei aa/eoe ? iiyaeaiiy
a?eueo aaeaeaaoii? ?aaeoe?? c aieo ia?eoa?e/ii? e?ia?.
Ia i?aenoaa? aea/aiiy aeacaieo ee?i?/ieo, aaiaoieia?/ieo oa aeayeeo
a?io?i?/ieo iniaeeainoae ia?aa?ao ??cieo oi?i a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico
o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy iiaeia c?iaeoe aeniiaie i?i oa, ui i?ney
ia??iaeo aaia?ae?caoe?? ?ioaeoe?? iiaea a?aeaoaaoeny eieae?caoe?y
caiaeueiiai i?ioeano c o?aaeaiiyi, ia?o ca ana, OeIN, aeeoaeueii?
nenoaie oa ia/?iee o aeaeyae? aaiaoeoo c i?aeaino?ei ia?aa?aii.
Aeyaeaiee neiioiiieiiieaen iiaea noaoe i?aenoaaith aei a?aeianaiiy oe???
eaoaai??? oai?eo aei a?oie ?eceeo oa iiaeaeueoiai aeeoa?aioe?eiiai
na?ieia?/iiai ianoaaeaiiy (oaaeeoey 3).
Oaaeeoey 3
Aeai? i?i oeo?e niaoeeo?/ieo aioeo?e o ne?iaaooe? e?ia? ae?oae c
a?oie ?eceeo ii a?iaeaeaiiio oieniieaciico.
A?oie ianoaaeaieoOeo? niaoeeo?/ieo IgGIa
ae?aa-1:801:1601:3201:640?aciiiinoe/-ieen%n%n%n%n%iiaiia?iaeaeai?
15917,31325917,3611,53771(n=52)ae?oe a?oaeiiai a?eo
137126,7173,5116,1521,184223(n=179)?acii 15221
30
20879 ( 8 )(1 9 )( 1 3 )( 3
)( 4 3 ) I?ei?oea: O aeoaeeao aeaii ii?aeiaiiy ?c
ae?aaiinoe/iei oeo?ii niaoeeo?/ieo aioeo?e eeano Ig I. A?aenioie
iaaeaiee a?ae caaaeueii? e?eueeino? ae?oae cacia/aiiai a?eo.
Ine?eueee aoii?aeuei? oaeoi?e ia caaaeaee iiaii a?aeaeca?eaeththoue
iniaeeaino? ?ioiieo ?aaeoe?e i?e i?ioicieieo ?iaac?yo, ie i?iaaee
ii??aiyia aea/aiiy iniiaieo iieaciee?a oaaioeeoico o 24 ae?oae ia?oiai
?ieo aeeooy c i?aeaino?ith oi?iith a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico. I?e
oeueiio, o yeino? niaoeeo?/iiai aioeaaio aoee aeei?enoai? oieniieacie, a
eiio?ieueiiai (ianiaoeeo?/iiai) – ae??aeaeaeia? ee?oeie. Aea?aia
iaoiaeeea aeicaieyea iai ioe?ithaaoe aeeiai?/i? c?ooaiiy oaaioeeoa?ii?
aeoeaiino? o i?ioean? ?aaeoe??. I?e oeueiio, iieaciee oaaioeeoa?ii?
aeoeaiino? (OI) i?e oaaioeeoic? oieniieaci /a?ac 40 oaeeei ?ieoaaoe??
neeaa 74,8 + 1,8% oa aoa aeinoia??ii a?eueo aeuei, ii??aiyii c ae?oueie,
o yeeo a ?aaeoe?? iai?yii? ?ioiioethi?anoeaioe?? ia aoei ciaeaeaii
niaoeeo?/ieo Ig M – 68,0 + 2,1%. O oie aea /an, OI i?e oaaioeeoic?
ae??aeaeaeiaeo ee?oei aoa aeinoia??ii ieae/ei o iniiai?e a?oi? oa
i?aeoe/ii ia a?ae??ciyany a?ae oeueiai iieacieea o eiio?ieuei?e a?oi? ii
a?aeiioaiith aei iaio aioeaai?a. Ioaea, iayai?noue o ieaci? e?ia? ae?oae
c i?aeaino?ith oi?iith a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico niaoeeo?/ieo aioeo?e,
ui a?aeiinyoueny aei Ig M, noaei oaeoi?ii, ui iieaaoo? oaaioeeoic. Aei
oiai ae, oe? aioeo?ea aoee a?aenooi? ii a?aeiioaiith aei ianiaoeeo?/iiai
aioeaaio (ae??aeaeae?a) a iaio ii??aithaaieo a?oiao, ui e i?ecaiaeeei
aei iaeiaeiai? oaaioeeoa?ii? aeoeaiino? o oe? oa?i?ie ?aaeoe??. O
aeeiai?oe? oaaioeeoico niinoa??aaeinue i?aeaeuaiiy iieaciee?a OI ye o
iniiai?e, oae e a ii??aithaai?e a?oi?, i?e/iio a inoaii?e niinoa??aaany
a?eueo cia/iee i?e??no OI, yeee neeaa 12% a?ae ii/aoeiaiai ??aiy i?ioe
6% o ae?oae aac niaoeeo?/ieo Ig M. Aeyaeai? iniaeeaino? cacia/aieo aeua
oaaioeeoa?ieo ?aaeoe?e na?ae/eee i?i oa, ui ae?aaiinoe/ia cia/aiiy iiaea
iaoe iieaciee oaaioeeoico, ui aecia/a?oueny ia a?eueo ye /a?ac 40 oaeeei
?aaeoe?? ?c niaoeeo?/iei aioeaaiii. Oea iiaei aooe iia’ycaia c a?eueoith
iiaiioith aeeth/aiiy nainea?e?ciaaieo iaeo?io?e?a oai?eo o i?ioean
oaaioeeoico caoaeieea.
?ioith iniaeea?noth oaaioeeoa?ieo ?aaeoe?e i?e i?aeaino??e oi?i?
a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico noaa aenieee ??aaiue ?oeiaoe?? iaeo?io?e?a
oai?eo (oaaeeoey 4), ui ae?aaeaeiny o ca?eueoaii? ?iaeaeno ?oeioaaiiy
(??) ee?oei aei 27,3 + 2,3% i?ioe 15,1 + 0,9% o ii??aithaai?e a?oi?, ui
iaei i?noea aaea /a?ac 40 oaeeei ?ieoaaoe??.
Oaaeeoey 4
Oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaeaeno ?oeioaaiiy iaeo?ioee?a
i?e oaaioeeoic? oieniieaci oa ae??aeaeaeiaeo ee?oei
Oai?? ia i?aeaino?o oi?io a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico i?e oaaioeeoic?:
Ae?oe c a?oie ii??aiyiiy
i?e oaaioeeoic?:oieniieaci, %
(n=24)ae??aeaeaeiaeo ee?oei, %
(n=25)oieniieaci, %
(n=28)ae??aeaeaeiaeo ee?oei, % (n=28)40 oa.2 aiaeeie40 oa.2
aiaeeie40 oa.2 aiaeeie40 oa.2 aiaeeie 27,3 2,3 28,1 1,7 9,31,8
12,62,2 15,10,9 24,2 1,7 11,12,0 14,12,8 p>0,05
p>0,05 p0,05Ne?ae oaeiae cacia/eoe, ui e?euee?noue c?oeiiaaieo ee?oei
noaaaea aeinoia??ii aeuith i?e oaaioeeoic? oieniieaci oa ii??aiyii c
iiae?aiei iieacieeii i?e oaaioeeoic? ae??aeaeaeiaeo ee?oei a iaio
a?oiao oai?eo. Oeae oaeo iiaea aooe iia’ycaiee c a?eueoith
a??oeaioi?noth oieniieaci ii??aiyii c ae??aeaeaeiaeie ee?oeiaie, a
oaeiae c iniaeeainoyie ?ioiieo ?aaeoe?e ?c o?aooaaiiyi ii?oieia??
caoaeieea. O aeeiai?oe? ?aaeoe?? o ii??aithaai?e a?oi? a?aeaoaaeiny
iiaeaeueoa c?inoaiiy e?eueeino? c?oeiiaaieo iaeo?io?e?a ii a?aeiioaiith
ye aei niaoeeo?/iiai, oae e aei ianiaoeeo?/iiai aioeaaio. O oai?eo c
i?aeaino?ith oi?iith a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico, i?e iayaiino? o
ne?iaaooe? ?o e?ia? niaoeeo?/ieo Ig M, iiaeaeueoiai c?inoaiiy ?iaeaeno
?oeioaaiiy o aeeiai?oe? ?aaeoe?? ia a?aeaoaaeiny. Oeae oaeo iiaeia aoei
iia’ycaoe c a?eueo iiaiei ?oeioaaiiyi ee?oei o ?aii? oa?i?ie ?aaeoe??.
I?ioean ?ioaineaiiai ?oeioaaiiy iaeo?io?e?a o oai?eo ae?oae i?e
a?iaeaeaiiio oieniieaciic? iiaea aooe iia’ycaiei oaeiae c a?eueoith
oaaioeeoa?iith aeoeai?noth i?e iayaiino? niaoeeo?/ieo aioeo?e, oa,
a?aeiia?aeii, a?eueoith ?oeiaoe??th ia?aaaioaaeaieo oieniieaciaie
iaeo?io?e?a. Ii??aiyiiy aeacaieo iniaeeainoae oaaioeeooaaiiy
niaoeeo?/iiai oa ianiaoeeo?/iiai aioeaai?a o aeeiai?oe? ?aaeoe??
aeicaieeei iai ioe?ieoe ?ioaa?aeueiee iieaciee caoeuaiino? iaeo?io?e?a –
?iaeaen niaoeeo?/ii? (ianiaoeeo?/ii? caoeuaiino?). Aeioe?euei?noue
ia/enethaaiiy oeueiai iieacieea i?e aeei?enoaii? canoiniaaii? iaie
iaoiaeeee aoea iieacaia A.A. Oeoa/e?iith (1990) o aei?ineeo oai?eo c
o?ii?/ieie oi?iaie iaaooiai oieniieaciico. Aecia/aiiy oeueiai iieacieea,
ca aeoieith aeacaieo aaoi??a, aeicaiey? anoaiiaethaaoe iayai?noue
oieniieaciaii? ?iaac?? o i?aai?ci? i?e noii?aieo na?ieia?/ieo /e
aea?a?/ieo ?aaeoe?yo. *ei a?eueoa iaaeeaeo?oueny aei i?i?iaeueieo
iieaciee?a ?C iaeo?io?e?a o na?iiiceoeaieo in?a, oei iaioa caoeuai?noue
iaeo?io?e?a a?ae ae?? oieniieaci, ui na?ae/eoue i?i iayai?noue aeayeiai
aeao?oeeoo ooieoe?iiaeueii? aeoeaiino? iaeo?io?e?a, oa iaiao?aeii
ae??ooaaoe ieoaiiy i?i i?ecia/aiiy o oaeeo aeiaaeeao ei?eaoth/i?
oa?ai??. Ioaea, o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy i?e i?aeaino??e oi?i?
a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico oeae ?iaeaen aeinoia??ii ciaiooaaany oa
neeaaeaa 0.47+ 0,01 i?ioe 0,53 + 0,02 o ii??aithaai?e a?oi?. O oie aea
/an, ianiaoeeo?/ia caoeuai?noue (i?e oaaioeeoic? ae??aeaeaeiaeo ee?oei)
aoea i?eaeecii iaeiaeiaith iacaeaaeii a?ae o?eaaeino? ?ieoaaoe??.
Ne?ae oaeiae cacia/eoe, ui aeacaia iaoiaeeea ia aoea aeei?enoaia iaie
i?e aino??e aaia?ae?ciaai?e oi?i? caoai?thaaiiy, iaeiae, o an?o
na?iiiceoeaieo ii niaoeeo?/iei Ig M ae?oae aoea anoaiiaeaia iecueea
caoeuai?noue ?o iaeo?io?e?a a?ae oieniieaci. Nie?ath/enue ia io?eiai?
?acoeueoaoe, iiaeia aiai?eoe i?i iaiao?aei?noue, ie??i i?iaaaeaiiy
niaoeeo?/ii? oa?ai?? o oeeo oai?eo, iaia’yceiaiai aeeth/aiiy aei
eiiieaeno e?eoaaiiy ?ioiiei?eaoth/eo cania?a. ?iaeaen niaoeeo?/ii?
caoeuaiino? oieniieaci iiaea aooe iaoaiaoe/iei ae?aaeaiiyi
iine?aeiaiino? oa ??aiii??iino? a?io?i?/ieo i?ioean?a o oaaioeeoao i?e
?o aca?iiae?? ?c niaoeeo?/iei oa ianiaoeeo?/iei aioeaaiaie. I?aai?ci
ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy nainea?eeco?oueny oieniieaciaie ? oea
aecia/a? aieea ia iane?aeee ?ioiieo ?aaeoe?e. Aeoeaaoe?y oaaioeeoico i?e
a?iaeaeaiiio oieniieaciic? noino?oueny, o ia?oo /a?ao, oaeaeeino?
oaaioeeoico, oa ?icaeoeo ianooiieo ci?i o iaeo?io?eao, o oiio /ene?, ?o
e?ceno. Cacia/ai? iniaeeaino? oaaioeeoa?ieo ?aaeoe?e i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue
aeai? I.I. Iaeueieea (1978) i?i ia?aaaaeia aoyaiaiiy ee?oeiieo oaeoi??a
o i?ioeoieniieaciaiee ?ioi?oao. Ca aeaieie ?.?. I’yiiaa oa ni?aaao.
(1989), aeeiai?ea aioeo?eiooai?aiiy oa ??aaiue aioeo?e ia
a?aeaeca?eaeththoue nooiaiy no?eeino? i?aai?cio aei oieniieaci. Iaeiae,
io?eiai? iaie aeai? na?ae/aoue i?i oa, ui o ae?oae c a?iaeaeaiei
oieniieaciicii i?e aeyaeai? o ieo a ae?aaiinoe/ieo oeo?ao niaoeeo?/ieo
Ig M – aioeo?e, ?ioii? iaoai?cie ? ooieoe?iiaeueii iaaeinoaoi?ie oa
?ioi?oao ? ianoa?eeueiei, oiaoi iniaeea?noth oe??? oi?ie caoai?thaaiiy o
aeaiiio a?oe? ? nai???aeiee “i?i?ea” ?ioi?oaoo. Oea, o aeaye?e i???,
iiynith? oi?i?aei?noue ia?aa?ao i?aeaino?i? oi?ie a?iaeaeaiiai
oieniieaciico, ui iiaea aooe iia’ycaia c aeieeiaiiyi o i?ioean?
?oeiaoe?? iaeo?io?e?a oiia aeey ?icaeoeo niaoeeo?/iiai i?ie?oa?aoeaiiai
caiaeaiiy. Cacia/aiee iaie oaiiiai ?aiiueiai aeeth/aiiy oaaioeeoa?ieo
?aaeoe?e iiaea aooe aeei?enoaiei o yeino? aeiiii?aeiiai eaai?aoi?iiai
oanoo uiaei ae?aaiinoeee i?aeaino?iai a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico o
ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy, a oaeiae aooe iaoiaeii ioe?iee aoaeoeaiino?
oa?ai??, iniaeeai i?e canoinoaaii? o aeeiai?oe?. I?aeaeuaia ?oeiaoe?y
iaeo?io?e?a o oai?eo c a?iaeaeaiei oieniieaciicii i?e c?oeiaii? ?c
oieniieaciaie ? aeineoue aaeaeaaoiith ?ioiiith ?aaeoe??th, aea c
o?aooaaiiyi iniaeeainoae iaoieia??, iiaea i?ecaiaeeoe aei iaaaaeaieo
iane?aee?a. Oieniieacie i?e a?iaeaeai?e oi?i? oai?iae o?eniaai? ia
??cieo i?aaiao. Oaaioeeoe, ui i?a?othoue aei aiaieua ?ioaeoe?? oa
i?aeaeathoueny oai e?ceno, caaaa/othoue oeaieie ?iaaciaaieo
oieniieaciaie i?aai?a a?ae?ieacaie oa i?ioaie?oe/ieie oa?iaioaie.
Aeano?oeoe?y oeaiei, ui aeieea?, noeioeth? oaaioeeoic oa ? ioneiaei
iaoai?ciii aooi?ioiieo i?ioean?a, a i?e aoyaiaii? eai?ey??a –
i?e?iaaii?aa?e. Oe? i?ioeane iiaeooue a?aeaoaaoeny o aoaeue – yeiio
i?aai?, oi/a iaea?eueo yne?aai aeyaeythoueny i?e ?iaac?? aieiaiiai
iiceo. Aa?o/e oea aei oaaae, iiaea aooe oaeiae aei?aaaeaiei aeei?enoaiiy
o eiiieaeni?e oa?ai?? ae?oae ?c a?iaeaeaiei oieniieaciicii ia oii?
ae?aaeaieo ee?i?/ieo i?iya?a oai?iae, cania?a, ui aaeueiothoue
i?ioaie?c.
Aeiiii?aeiei iaoiaeii aecia/aiiy niaoeeo?/iiai caiaeaiiy, ui ia?aa?aa? o
OeIN ? iae?iniiia?ao?y. Aeinooii?noue oeueiai aeine?aeaeaiiy o ae?oae
ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy, a oaeiae iiaeeea?noue ii??aiyiiy c na?ieia?/ieie oa
ee?i?/ieie aeaieie i?e ??cieo oi?iao caoai?thaaiiy aeicaiey?
iioei?coaaoe ae?aaiinoe/iee i?ioean oa eiio?iethaaoe oa?ai?th, ui
i?iaiaeeoueny. Cacia/aia oeueo?acaoeiaa e??cueo?i’y/eiaa aeine?aeaeaiiy
aoei i?iaaaeaii o 71 aeeoeie. C ieo o 13 c aino?ith aaia?ae?ciaaiith
oi?iith ?ioaeoe??, o 33 i?e i?aeaino??e oi?i? a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico
oa o 25 ?c o?ii?/iei ia?aa?aii oai?iae.
I?e aino?iio aaia?ae?ciaaiiio oieniieaciic? aoea anoaiiaeaia aeniea
ocaiaeaeai?noue i?eaeeoo?aiai iae?iniiia?ao?/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy c
aaaee?noth ee?i?/ieo i?iya?a oa aeaiei aooiin??. I?e oe?e oi?i?
caoai?thaaiiy aeii?ioth/eie aoi- neiioiiaie aoee e?iaiaeeeae
??ciiiai?oii? eieae?caoe??. Iae/ano?oa e?iaiaeeeae a?aeaoaaeeny o
noaeeiio nenoaio eaoa?aeueieo oeoii/e?a oa aeae?eueea ??aeoa
noaa?aoii?aeaeueii oa o ia?aio?io iiceo. Ne?ae oaeiae cacia/eoe, ui o 12
ae?oae c a?oie ii??aiyiiy, o yeeo ee?i?/ii i?aeic?thaaiee a?iaeaeaiee
oieniieaciic ia ciaeoia a iiaeaeueoiio iaoiii?oieia?/iiai
i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiy, aeacai? e?iaiaeeeae cono??/aeeny cia/ii ??aeoa (o 3
aeiaaeeao). Aeieeiaiiy e?iaiaeeea?a ie iia’yco?ii c ?iaac??th
oieniieaciaie no?iie noaeei iiceo oa iayai?noth ieethc?eiiai
a?ia?o?io?/iiai a?oa???oo. O iaoiaaiac? oeueiai i?ioeano, nei??oa ca
ana, aaaeeeaa cia/aiiy a?aei caaaa/aiiy oeaiei i?ioaacaie, ui
aea?eueiththoueny c oaaioeeooaaaoeo oa c?oeiiaaieo iaeo?io?e?a.
Aacoiiaii, e?iaiaeeeae iiaee aeieeaoe oaeiae ye iane?aeee ?ioeo
ia?eiaoaeueieo ooeiaeaeaiue, aea niaoeeo?/iee caiaeueiee i?ioean, ui
eieae?co?oueny, o oiio /ene?, o noaeeiao iiceo, ? oaeoi?ii, ui iieaaoo?
?icaeoie oe??? iaoieia??. Aaaeeeaei oaeoii noaei oaeiae e oa, ui
i?eaeeoo?ai aeyaeai? ca aeiiiiiaith INA e?iaiaeeeae, aoee
i?aeoaa?aeaeai? o iiaeaeueoiio iaoiiioieia?/ii. ?ioeie aoi – neiioiiaie,
ui cono??/aeeny aeineoue /anoi, noaee iaa?ye oa caeaaeaeai?noue
iaethieo oeaieie iiceo, ui ee?i?/ii aoei a?aeiia?aeiei aei aaaeeino?
ee?i?/ieo i?iya?a caoai?thaaiiy. Oae? aoi – iciaee, ye ia?eaaio?eeoey?ia
?oai?y, aeeth/aiiy aei noaeeiieo nieao?iue, inaaaeie?noe eiaieo /anoie
aoee a?eueo ??aee?nieie iae?iniiia?ao?/ieie niinoa?aaeaiiyie. Ia
i?aenoaa? io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a, iiaeia eacaoe, i?i iani?eyoeeaee uiaei
iaeoaeaiiy i?iaiic ii a?aeiioaiith aei i?eaeeoo?ai aeyaeaieo aoi – iciae
?io?ae?ai?aeueieo e?iaiaeeea?a i?e aino??e aaia?ae?ciaai?e oi?i?
aioo??oiueioo?iaii? oieniieaciaii? ?ioaeoe??. Ia aeeeth/aii oaeiae, ui
ieaiiaa canoinoaaiiy ?ia?a?oi??a i?ioaie?co iiaei a cia/ii iii’yeoeoe
aaaee?noue ia?aa?ao oai?iae o oeeo oai?eo, caiia?aoe ooeiaeaeaiith
noaeei, o ia?oo /a?ao, aieiaiiai iiceo.
O ae?oae c i?aeaino?ith oi?iith caoai?thaaiiy, iae?iniiia?ao?/ia ea?oeia
aoea a?eueo ??ciiiai?oiith. Iae/ano?oei aoi – neiioiiii o oeeo oai?eo,
ia a?aei?io a?ae oai?eo iiia?aaeiuei? a?oie, aoea caeaaeaeai?noue aoi –
no?oeoo?e iicieo oa aaio?eeoeiiaaae?y. Oe? oai??, o a?eueoino?
aeiaaee?a, iio?aieyee aei noaoe?iia?o c ae?aaiicii ia?eiaoaeueii?
aioeaoaeiiao?? ? o?eueee o 5 aeiaaeeao aeieeaei i?eiouaiiy i?i
aioo??oiueioo?iaio ?ioaeoe?th. ?ioith iniaeea?noth i?e i?iaaaeaii? INA
aoei oaeiae /anoa aeyaeaiiy cia/ieo u?eueieo aeeth/aiue o ioai??
ia?aaei?o ?ia?a aieiaeo oeoii/e?a ? a noaeeiieo nieao?iiyo a oaeiae
iciae ia?eaaio?eeoey?ii? ?oai??. Iniaeeao a?oio na?aae oeeo oai?eo
neeaee 6 ae?oae c aeyaeaieie iciaeaie aaio?eeoe?oo o aeaeyae?
ou?eueiaiiy oa aeaieiioo?iino? no?iie aieiaeo oeoii/e?a. Ee?i?/ii o oeeo
oai?eo niinoa??aaany no?eeee noaeiiiee neiae?ii, iciaee iai?ia?cio, ui
noaaaei i?eaiaeii aeey aeianaiiy o ae?aaiic neiae?iio iae?ioieneeico.
I?iaaaeai? ee?i?ei – iae?iniiia?ao?/i? ii??aiyiiy i?e i?aeaino??e oi?i?
a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico ? na?aeioeoaii ??cieo oac caiaeueiiai
i?ioeano, ui ia?aa?aa? o OeIN (aeoeaiiai aioeaoae?oo) e coiiaeth?
a?eueoo ??ciiiai?oi?noue aeyaeaieo aoi -neiioii?a. I?e /a?aiaiio
caaino?aii? ?ioaeoe?? o aiaiaeei? oeoii/e?a a?aeiiaeth?oueny caiaeueiee
i?ioean, a ee?i?/ii aeieea? ae?aaeaia iiceiaa neiioiiaoeea. O a?eueo
niie?ei?e oac? i?e oe?e oi?i? ia?aa?ao oai?iae aeieeaee e?eai?ii
-a?ia?aoaic?ei? neiae?iie, ui a iiaeaeueoiio eiio?iethaaeinue
ae?o?aoe/ieie caniaaie. Iiyaa cia/ieo aeeth/aiue aei ia?aaei?o ?ia?a
aieiaeo oeoii/e?a iiaea aooe iia’ycaia c ia?aianaieie ?ai?oa
aao?eeoe?oaie. Iniaeeaino? oaaioeeoa?ieo ?aaeoe?e i?e a?iaeaeaiiio
oieniieaciic? ? iaeieie c i?ia?aeieo eaiie iaoiaaiaco aiaiae?iaeueieo
ooeiaeaeaiue oa ?icaeoeo aaio?eeoe?oo. Ne?ae oaeiae cacia/eoe, ui ia
aiaiae?iaeueio eieae?caoe?th i?ioeano o OeIN aeacaii aaaaoueia aaoi?aie
? aeyaeai? iaie aoi – iciaee oaeiai o?aaeaiiy ? a?aeaeca?eaeaiiyi
aioeaoae?oo, ui ia? aino?ee ia?aa?a o oeeo oai?eo.
I?e o?ii?/ieo oi?iao a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico o iae?iniiia?ao?/i?e
ea?oei? ia?aaaaeaee caeaaeaeai?noue iiceiai? aoi – no?oeoo?e,
e?iaiaeeeae o noaeeii? nieao?iiy, inaaaeie?noe eiaieo /anoie. Aoi –
u?euei? ae?eyiee iiceiai? oeaieie oa aaio?eeoeiiaaae?y cono??/aeenue
iaaaaaoi ??aeoa. Iciae aaio?eeoe?oo o aeiaeiiio c aeiaaee?a anoaiiaeaii
ia aoei. Ianiaoeeo?/ia oa?ai?y, ui i?iaiaeeeanue o oe?e a?oi? oai?eo
aeaea ?acoeueoao o aeaeyae? ciaioaiiy caaaeueiicaiaeueieo iiceiaeo
i?iya?a. O oie aea /an, neiioiie, ui na?ae/eee i?i i?aai?/ia o?aaeaiiy
(inaaaeie?noe eiaieo /anoie, ii?aioeaoae?y) caa??aaeeny o aeeiai?oe?
aeine?aeaeaiiy. Ia i?aenoaa? oeeo aeaieo iiaeia eacaoe i?i oa, ui
cacia/aiee ia??iae caoai?thaaiiy iiaea a?aeiia?aeaoe oac?
iinoaioeaoae?/iiai aeaoaeoo, ca?aeii c eeaneo?eaoe??th Pauli. Iayai?noue
iciae e?iaiaeeea?a o oai?eo oe??? a?oie, a oaeiae caeaaeaeaiino?
no?oeoo?e iiceo o aeayeeo ae?oae iiaee na?ae/eoe i?i oaeeaiiae?ai?noue
ia?aa?ao caiaeueiiai i?ioeano. Iaeiae o /anoeie oai?eo iae?iniiia?ao?/ia
ea?oeia caeeoaeanue iaci?iiith e aiie ia?aaoaaee o ee?i?/ii
ni?eyoeeaiio ia??iae?, ui iiynith?, ye ? a ianooii?e a?oi?, cia/iee
iie?ii?o?ci cacia/aieo aoi – neiioii?a. sse a?aeiii, eaoaioiee ia?aa?a
a?eueoino? ?ioaeoe?e a?aeaoaa?oueny ia oe? cieaeaiiy aeoeaiino? ?ioiii?
nenoaie. Iaiaaii, ui iaaeinoaoi?noue ?ioi?oaoo ? iniiaiith i?e/eiith
oe??? oi?ie oai?iae. Iaaeinoaoi?noue oaaioeeoico, o oiio /ene?, iiaea
neoaeeoe iiyniaiiyi a?aenooiino? o oeeo oai?eo ii?oieia?/ieo ci?i o
aieiaiiio iiceo, oa?aeoa?ieo aeey ?ioeo oi?i a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico.
Oaeei /eiii, iae?iniiia?ao?/i? iciaee caoai?thaaiiy i?e ??cieo oi?iao
ia?aa?ao a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy
a?aeiia?aeaee noaae?yi ?icaeoeo caiaeueiiai i?ioeano, ? ia?o ca ana o
OeIN, ca?aeii cacia/aii? aeua eeaneo?eaoe??: 1 – noaae?? aaia?ae?caoe??,
2 – noaae?? o?eaaeiai aioeaoae?oo, 3 – noaae?? iinoaioeaoae?/iiai
aeaoaeoo. Ia i?aenoaa? i?iaaaeaiiai oeueo?acaoeiaiai aeine?aeaeaiiy OeIN
o 3 a?oiao oai?eo a?iaeaeaiei oieniieaciicii ae?oae, iiaeia
noaa?aeaeoaaoe i?i iaia’yceia?noue aeeth/aiiy oeueiai iaoiaeo aei
ae?aaiinoe/iiai i?ioeano, ye aeiiii?aeiiai iaoiaeo ae?aaiinoeee, ui
aeicaiey?, ii?yae ?c na?ieia?/iith ae?aaiinoeeith, anoaiiaethaaoe iaaio
oi?io caoai?thaaiiy o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy. Iae?iniiia?ao?y, ui
i?iaiaeeoueny o aeeiai?oe?, aeicaiey? oni?oii eiio?iethaaoe ye
niaoeeo?/io, oae ? ianiaoeeo?/io oa?ai?th, a oaeiae iia?aoeaii
ae??ooaaoe ieoaiiy i?i i?iaeiaaeaiiy i?ecia/aiiy niaoeeo?/ieo oa ?ioeo
noiooi?o i?aia?ao?a i?e ee?i?/ii ni?eyoeeaiio noai?, aea i?e aeyaeaii?
aoi – iciae o?eaaeiai caiaeueiiai i?ioeano o OeIN.
Ana aeuaiaaaaeaia aeicaieeei iai aeae?eeoe ooi/iai? e?eoa??? a?aeai?o
ae?oae aei a?oie ?eceeo ii a?iaeaeaiiio oieniieaciico :
1. Cao?eiea aioo??oiueioo?iaiiai ?icaeoeo.
2. Cao?eiea noaoiiioi?iiai ?icaeoeo.
3. Neiae?ii o?eaaeiai aethaaiiy oa c?eaoaaiue.
4. No?eeee noaeiiiee neiae?ii.
5. A?ae?ioeaoaeueiee neiae?ii.
6. Aiiiae?? ?icaeoeo oeoieiai – eeoeiaiai o?aeoo.
7. Aiiiae?? eaaaiue.
8. A?iaeaeai? aaaee na?oey oa e?oiieo noaeei.
9. Aaniethoiee oa a?aeiiniee iiiioeeoic ?c c?inoaiiyi o aeeiai?oe?
caoai?thaaiiy o ia??iae? iiaiia?iaeaeaiino?.
10. Aaniethoiee iiiioeeoic ?c c?inoaiiyi o aeeiai?oe? caoai?thaaiiy o
ae?oae noa?oeo ca i?ny/iee a?e.
11. O?eaaea a?ia?a?e??oa?iai?y.
12. O?eaaea caa?aaeaiiy i?aeaeuaieo ??ai?a o?ainai?iac.
13. Aeyaeaiiy e?iaiaeeea?a, iciae aaio?eeoe?oo, aoi – u?eueieo
aeeth/aiue, aioo??oiuei? a?ae?ioeaoae?? i?e iae?iniiia?ao?/iiio
aeine?aeaeaii?.
14. Ii?aeiaia o?aaeaiiy OeIN oa aeeoaeueii? nenoaie.
15. I?aeaeuaia oaaioeeoa?ia aeoeai?noue (>70%) oa ?oeiaoe?y (>20%)
iaeo?io?e?a oai?eo i?e oaaioeeoic? ?c niaoeeo?/iei aioeaaiii
(oieniieaciaie), ui niinoa??aathoueny /a?ac 40 oaeeei ?ieoaaoe??.
Iayai?noue o aeeoeie o?ueio, /e a?eueoi? e?eueeino? c aeacaieo iciae ?
i?aenoaaith aei aeeth/aiiy ?? aei a?oie ?eceeo ii a?iaeaeaiiio
oieniieaciic? oa i?iaaaeaiiy niaoeeo?/iiai na?ieia?/iiai ianoaaeaiiy.
AENIIAEE
1. A?iaeaeaiee oieniieaciic o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy ia ?
??aee?niith iaoieia??th, a?i cono??/a?oueny o 20% oai?eo, ui
aini?oae?cothoueny c i?eaiaeo ia?eiaoaeueieo ooeiaeaeaiue OeIN.
2. Ca?aeii c iniaeeainoyie ee?i?/iiai ia?aa?ao, a?iaeaeaiee
oieniieaciic o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy iiaea aooe aino?ei,
i?aeaino?ei, oa o?ii?/iei. Caiaeueiee i?ioean i?e an?o aeaeao ia?aa?ao
aac canoinoaaiiy niaoeeo?/ii? oa?ai?? ia? i?ia?anoth/ee oa?aeoa? c
iaia’yceiaei o?aaeaiiyi aieiaiiai iiceo.
3. Aino?ee a?iaeaeaiee aaia?ae?ciaaiee oieniieaciic o ae?oae ia?oiai
?ieo aeeooy ia? o?e ee?i?/i? aa??aioe: a) c aeii?ioaaiiyi
o?aaeaiiy OeIN, a) c o?aaeaiiyi aeeoaeueii? nenoaie oa aaaeaie ?icaeoeo,
a) c nainenii. Aeey o?aaeaiiy aieiaiiai iiceo i?e oe?e oi?i?
oai?iae oa?aeoa?i? e?iaiaeeeae ??cii? eieae?caoe??, i?iyae iaa?yeo,
ui aeyaeythoueny ca aeiiiiiaith iae?iniiia?ao??. Iniiaieie
eaai?aoi?ieie i?iyaaie aino?iai a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico ?: iiiioeeoic
?c c?inoaiiyi a?aeiiniiai oa aaniethoiiai /enea iiiioeeo?a o aeeiai?oe?
caoai?thaaiiy, aeia?a?e??oa?iai?y.
4. A?iaeaeaiee oieniieaciic o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy ia? iae/ano?oa
i?aeaino?ee oa ?aoeeaeeaoth/ee ia?aa?a, ui aeyaey?oueny ca oiia
ii?aeiaiiy iayaiino? ae?aaiinoe/ieo oeo??a niaoeeo?/ieo Ig G oa Ig M o
ne?iaaooe? e?ia? oai?eo. Aeey i?aeaino?iai a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciica o
ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy ? oa?aeoa?iei ii?aeiaiiy o?aaeaiiy OeIN oa
aeeoaeueii? nenoaie. Iae?iniiia?ao?/ii – aeyaeaiiy iciaee aaio?eeoe?oo,
aioo??oiuei? a?ae?ioeaoae?? oa cia/ieo aoi – u?eueieo aeeth/aiue o
ioai?? ia?aaei?o ?ia?a aieiaeo oeoii/e?a. Iaea?eueo iioe?aieie i?iyaaie
i?aeaino?iai a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy ?:
aaniethoiee iiiioeeoic, aiai?y, iii??iee a?aeiiniee iaeo?io?eueic,
i?aeaeuaiiy ??aiy o?ainai?iac.
5. O?ii?/iee a?iaeaeaiee oieniieaciic ia?aa?aa? c o?aaeaiiyi OeIN,
cao?eieith ineoiiioi?iiai ?icaeoeo. Iae?iniiia?ao?/ii i?e o?ii?/iiio
a?iaeaeaiiio oieniieaciic? aeyaeythoueny e?iaiaeeeae o noaeeii?
nieao?iiy, a?ae?ioeaoae?y inaaaeie?noe eiaieo /anoie.
6. Iniaeea?noth oaaioeeoa?ieo ?aaeoe?e o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeoooy c
a?iaeaeaiei oieniieaciicii ? aeniea ?oeiaoe?y (a?eueoa 20%) iaeo?io?e?a
e?ia? oai?eo i?e ?o ?ieoaaoe?? ?c niaoeeo?/iei aioeaaiii (oieniieaciaie)
iaea?eueo iayaia i?e i?aeaino?iio ia?aa?ao oai?iae.
I?AEOE*I? ?AEIIAIAeAOe??
1. Na?aae ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy a?oio ?eceeo ii a?iaeaeaiiio
oieniieaciico neeaaeathoue oai?? o yeeo o ne?iaaooe? e?ia? o ?aaeoe?yo
iai?yii? ?ioiioethi?anoeaioe?? /e ca aeiiiiiaith ?ioiioa?iaioiiai
iaoiaeo aecia/athoueny aioeoieniieaciai? aioeo?ea o ae?aaiinoe/ieo
oeo?ao, a oaeiae ia? i?noea iaa?ieia?/ia neiioiiaoeea (noaeiiiee
neiae?ii, cao?eiea ?icaeoeo), o?aaeaiiy aeeoaeueii? nenoaie, ci?ie c
aieo OeIN ia iae?iniiia?aiao.
2. Ae?aaiinoeea a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy
ia? aooe ai?iaaaeaeaia o oe?ieo i?aeoeeo iaae?ao?e/ii? neoaeae. C oe??th
iaoith iaiao?aeia i?aai?caoe?y niaoe?ae?ciaaieo eiinoeueoaoeaii –
ae?aaiinoe/ieo eaa?iao?a c a?aeiia?aeiei eaai?aoi?iei iniauaiiyi.
3. Aeey aoaeoeaii? na?ieia?/ii? ae?aaiinoeee a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico
o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy aeioe?eueii aeei?enoiaoaaoe ?ioiioa?iaioiee
oa ?ioiioethi?anoeaioiee iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy c aeeoa?aioe?eiei
aecia/aiiyi aioeoieniieaciaieo aioeo?e eean?a I oa G.
?ioiioethi?anoeaioiee iaoiae aeine?aeaeaiiy ? a?aeiinii i?inoei, eaaei
a?aeiiaethaaiei, ia iio?aao? aeei?enoaiiy aei?iaeo ?iii?oieo iaoa??ae?a
oa aia?aoo?e.
4. Aeey ae?aaiinoeee a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo
aeeooy iaiao?aeii aeei?enoiaoaaoe aecia/aiiy oaaioeeoa?ii? aeoeaiino? oa
?iaeaeno ?oeioaaiiy iaeo?io?e?a e?ia? oai?eo i?e ?o ?ieoaaoe?? ?c
niaoeeo?/iei aioeaaiii (oieniieaciaie). C oe??th iaoith iiaea aooe
canoiniaaia nooa e?io?e?ciaaia aaeoa oi?iae?iii eoeueoo?a oieniieaci, ui
aoiaeeoue aei neeaaeo aioeaaio a?o/eciyii? ae?aaiinoe/ii? oano – nenoaie
aeey ?I?O, oa aeaioiaey?oueny Iaeanueeei caaiaeii aaeoa??eieo
i?aia?ao?a.
5. C ia?aee?i?/ieo iaoiae?a ae?aaiinoeee o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy
aeioe?eueii aeei?enoiaoaaoe iae?iniiia?ao?th, iniaeeai o a?oaeiiio
a?oe?, o aeeiai?oe? caoai?thaaiiy, a oaeiae i?ney eo?no niaoeeo?/ii?
oa?ai??.
6. Iayai?noue iae?iniiia?ao?/ieo iciae aaio?eeoe?oo o ae?oae ia?oiai
?ieo aeeooy, na?iiiceoeaieo ca aioeoieniieaciaieie aioeo?eaie
? a?aeaeca?eaeaiiyi caaino?aiiy oieniieaciico o OeIN
oa iio?aao? i?ecia/aiiy niaoeeo?/ii? oa?ai??.
IA?AE?E I?AOeUe, IAAe?OEIAAIEO CA OAIITH
AeENA?OAOe??
1. Eaiaiuee A.A., Oea/aiei TH. I. Iniaeeainoi i?aaii/ii? iaoieiai? OeIN
o iiaiia?iaeaeaieo c a?iaeaeaiei oieniieaciicii. // Oe?a?inueeee
ainiee ineoiiaa?ieiai?. – Oii 3. – Aei. 3 (7). – N. 86 – 87. – Oa?e?a. –
1995. – ?acthia iii.
2. TH. I. Oea/aiei, A.A. Eaiaiuee, I.I. Ae?y I aeiiieieoaeueiuo
i?ioeaiiieacaieyo aeey naiaoi?ii-eo?i?oiiai ea/aiey aieueiuo n
iaoieiaeae ia?aiie nenoaiu ia?eiaoaeueiiai aaiaca. // Aanoiee
oeceioa?aiee e eo?i?oieiaee . – ? 1.- 1998.- n. 45 – 46.
3. TH.I. Oea/aiei, A.A. Eaiaiuee Cia/aiea ?aaeoeee oaaioeeoica a
aeeaaiinoeea a?iaeaeaiiiai oieniieaciica o aeaoae ia?aiai aiaea aeecie.
// A?a/aaiay i?aeoeea. ? 5. – 1997. – n. 41 – 43.
4. Eaiaiuee A.A., Oea/aiei TH. I., Ae?y A.I., Ie?inueea I.?., Iaoeiaa I.
?.,?acie/aiei TH.A. Aca?iica’ycie o?iiiaaae?? oa aioo??oiueioo?iaieo
?ioaeoe?e. // Iaeanueeee iaaee/iee aeo?iae. ? 4 (48). – 1998. – n. 47 –
49.
5. Oea/aiei TH. I., Eaiaiuee A.A. Cia/aiea oeueo?acaoeiaiai
enneaaeiaaiey aieiaiiai iicaa i?e ieaie?iaaiee oa?aiaaoe/aneeo
iiaeoiaeia e ?aaaeeeoaoeee aeaoae ?aiiaai aic?anoa n a?iaeaeaiiui
oieniieaciicii.// Aeooaeueiua aii?inu ea/aiey caaieaaaiee iii?ii-
aeaeaaoaeueiiai aiia?aoa, oeaio?aeueiie e ia?eoa?e/aneie ia?aiie
nenoaiu, ?anie?aoi?iuo aeea?aicia o aeaoae.( nai?iee o?oaeia,
iinayuaiiue 60 – eaoeth aeaoneiai naiaoi?ey Ieienoa?noaa aii?oaeaiiuo
nee Oe?aeiu) – Aaiaoi?ey. – 1995. – N. 83.
6. Eaiaiuee A.A. Aiciiaeiinoe iioeiecaoeee ?aiiae aeeaaiinoeee
a?iaeaeaiiiai oieniieaciica o iiai?iaeaeaiiuo e aeaoae a?oaeiiai
aic?anoa. // Aeooaeueiua aii?inu iaaeeoeeiu e aeieiaee (nai?iee noaoae
Aeiai?iiao?ianeie iaaeeoeeineie aeaaeaiee). – Aeiai?iiao?iane. – 1996. –
Auione 7. – *anoue II. -N. 37.
7. Oea/aiei TH. I., Eaiaiuee A.A. Iniaaiiinoe ii?aaeaiey na?aeoea i?e
a?iaeaeaiiii aaia?aeeciaaiiii oieniieaciica o aeaoae ?aiiaai aic?anoa.
// Ii?aaeaiey ieiea?aea o aeaoae.(nai?iee noaoae Aeiiaoeeiai
iaaeeoeeineiai oieaa?neoaoa) – Aeiiaoee. – 1994. – N. 107.
8. Oea/aiei TH. I., Eaiaiuee A.A. Iniaaiiinoe eeeie/aneiai oa/aiey
a?iaeaeaiiiai oieniieaciica o aeaoae ?aiiaai aic?anoa. // Aeooaeueiua
i?iaeaiu iaaeeao?ee (nai?iee noaoae, iinayuaiiue 30 – eaoeth ia?aciaaiey
eaoaae?u aeaoneeo aieaciae Caii?iaeneiai iaaeeoeeineiai oieaa?neoaoa).
– Caii?iaeuea. – 1995. – N. 56 -58.
9. Oea/aiei TH. I., Eaiaiuee A.A. Iniaaiiinoe oaaioeeoica o aeaoae
ia?aiai aiaea aeecie i?e a?iaeaeaiiii oieniieaciica. // Aeooaeueiua
aii?inu iaaeeoeeiu e aeieiaee (nai?iee noaoae Aeiai?iiao?ianeie
iaaeeoeeineie aeaaeaiee). – Auione 9. – Aeiai?iiao?iane. – 1997. – N.
95.
10.Eaiaiuee A.A. Eeeie/aneea aa?eaiou ino?ie aaia?aeeciaaiiie oi?iu
a?iaeaeaiiiai oieniieaciica o aeaoae ia?aiai aiaea aeecie. //
Aeooaeueiua aii?inu iaaeeoeeiu e aeieiaee (nai?iee noaoae
Aeiai?iiao?ianeie iaaeeoeeineie aeaaeaiee). – Auione 9. –
Aeiai?iiao?iane. – 1997. – N. 210.
11.Oea/aiei TH. I., Eaiaiuee A.A., Ae?y I.I. E?eoa??? ?eceeo
aioo??oiueioo?iaieo ?ioaeoe?e oa iniaeeaino? ee?i?ee a caeaaeiino? a?ae
ao?ieia?? // Aioo??oiueioo?iai? ?ioaeoe?? iiaiia?iaeaeaieo. (Iaoa??aee I
Eiia?ano iaiiaoieia?a Oe?a?ie. Oa?e?anueeee ?inoeooo oaeineiiaeaiiy
e?ea??a). – Oa?e?a, 1998 ?. – n . 37- 39.
12.Eaiaiuee A.A. Ee?i?ei – eaai?aoi?i? e?eoa??? ae?aaiinoeee oi?i
a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico. // Aioo??oiueioo?iai? (a?iaeaeai?) ?ioaeoe??
iiaiia?iaeaeaieo. (Iaoa??aee I Eiia?ano iaiiaoieia?a Oe?a?ie
Oa?e?anueeee ?inoeooo oaeineiiaeaiiy e?ea??a). – Oa?e?a, 1998 ?. – n .
40.
13.Oea/aiei TH. I., Eaiaiuee A.A., Ae?y A. I., Ieeineay I. E., Iaoeiaa
A. A., Aii/a?iaa I. I. Iainiiaaiea i?eiaiaiey i?aia?aoia oeiona i?e
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eioaeoeeiiiue i?ioeann (/anoue II). (Iaoa?eaeu I iaaeaeoia?iaeiie
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?aiiaai aic?anoa n a?iaeaeaiiui aaia?aeeciaaiiui oieniieaciicii.
// Oeceieiaey e iaoieiaey ia?aeeniiai ieeneaiey eeieaeia,
aaiinoaca e eiioiiaaiaca. – (Iaoa?eaeu Niaaoa iieiaeuo o/aiuo e
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Ii?oiooieoeeiiaeueiue noaoon ieaeiieoathueo e ioeoe. – Iaoa?eaeu III
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Iaoa?eaeu Iaaeaeoia?iaeiie iao/ii – i?aeoe/aneie eiioa?aioeee
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18.Eaiaiuee A.A. I?eiaiaiea oanoa oaaioeeoa?iie aeoeaiinoe iaeo?ioeeia
ii ioiioaieth e niaoeeoe/aneiio aioeaaio o aeaoae ia?aiai aiaea aeecie
n a?iaeaeaiiui oieniieaciicii. // Aeooaeueii ieoaiiy oai?aoe/ii? oa
eeiii/ii? iaaeeoeeie ia no/aniiio ?iaii. (Iaoa??aee eiioa?aioe??
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AIIOAOe?ss
Eaiaiuee A.A. “ Ee?i?ei – ?ioiieia?/ia oa?aeoa?enoeea oa e?eoa???
ae?aaiinoeee a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy” .
?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa iaaee/ieo iaoe
ca oaoii 14.01.10 – iaae?ao??y. Oa?e?anueeee aea?aeaaiee iaaee/iee
oi?aa?neoao.
Caoeua?oueny aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa, ui i?noeoue aeai? i?i iniaeeaino?
ee?i?/iiai ia?aa?ao oa e?eoa??? ae?aaiinoeee a?iaeaeaiiai oieniieaciico
o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy.
Anoaiiaeai? aa??aioe ee?i?/iiai ia?aa?ao aino?i? aaia?ae?ciaaii? oi?ie
a?iaeaeaii? oieniieaciaii? ?ioaeoe??, e?eoa??? ae?aaiinoeee i?e
i?aeaino??e oi?i? caoai?thaaiiy. Iieacaii cia/aiiy iae?iniiia?ao?? o
ae?aaiinoeoe? ??cieo oi?i ?ioaeoe??. Aecia/ai? iae?iniiia?ao?/i?
e?eoa???, ui ii?yae ?c niaoeeo?/iith na?ieia?/iith ae?aaiinoeeith
aeicaieythoue anoaiiaethaaoe oaco caiaeueiiai i?ioeano, ui ia?aa?aa? o
OeIN oa eiio?iethaaoe eiai ca aeiiiiiaith niaoeeo?/ii? oa?ai??.
Iieacaia ae?aaiinoe/ia oe?ii?noue niaoeeo?/ieo oaaioeeoa?ieo ?aaeoe?e
i?e ?ieoaaoe?? iaeo?ioee?a e?ia? oai?eo ae?oae c oieniieaciaiei
aioeaaiii, ui ? aeiiii?aeiei eaai?aoi?iei e?eoa???i ae?aaiinoeee.
Anoaiiaeai? e?eoa??? aeicaieythoue aeae?eyoe a?oio ?eceeo ii
a?iaeaeaiiio oieniieaciico c iaoith nai?/aniiai na?ieia?/iiai
ianoaaeaiiy, oa niaoeeo?/ii? oa?ai?? o ae?oae ia?oiai ?ieo aeeooy.
Eeth/ia? neiaa : a?iaeaeaiee oieniieaciic, e?eoa??? ae?aaiinoeee,
niaoeeo?/i? oaaioeeoa?i? ?aaeoe??, iae?iniiia?ao?y, ae?oe ia?oiai ?ieo
aeeooy.
AIIIOAOeEss
Eaiaiuee A.A. “ Eeeieei -eiioiieiae/aneay oa?aeoa?enoeea e e?eoa?ee
aeeaaiinoeee a?iaeaeaiiiai oieniieaciica o aeaoae ia?aiai aiaea aeecie
”. ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeeoeeineeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 14. 01. 10 – iaaeeao?ey. Oa?ueeianeee
ainoaea?noaaiiue iaaeeoeeineee oieaa?neoao.
Caueuaaony aeenna?oaoeeiiiay ?aaioa, eioi?ay niaea?aeeo aeaiiua ia
iniaaiiinoyo eeeie/aneiai oa/aiey e e?eoa?eyo aeeaaiinoeee a?iaeaeaiiiai
oieniieaciica o aeaoae ia?aiai aiaea aeecie.
Onoaiiaeaiu aa?eaiou eeeie/aneiai oa/aiey ino?ie aaia?aeeciaaiiie oi?iu
a?iaeaeaiiie oieniieaciaiiie eioaeoeee, e?eoa?ee aeeaaiinoeee i?e
iiaeino?ie oi?ia caaieaaaiey. Iieacaii cia/aiea iae?iniiia?aoee a
aeeaaiinoeea ?aciuo oi?i caaieaaaiey. Ii?aaeaeaiu iae?iniiia?aoe/aneea
e?eoa?ee, /oi ia?yaeo ni niaoeeoe/aneie na?ieiae/aneie aeeaaiinoeeie
iicaieyao onoaiaaeeaaoue oaco oaeouaai ainiaeeoaeueiiai i?ioeana a OeIN
e eiio?iee?iaaoue aai i?e iiiiue niaoeeoe/aneie oa?aiee.
Iieacaia aeeaaiinoe/aneay oeaiiinoue niaoeeoe/aneeo oaaioeeoa?iuo
?aaeoeee i?e eieoaaoeee iaeo?ioeeia e?iae aieueiuo aeaoae n i?e/eiii
cia/eiui aioeaaiii (oieniieaciaie), /oi neoaeeo aeiiieieoaeueiui
eaai?aoi?iui e?eoa?eai aeeaaiinoeee.
Onoaiiaeaiiua e?eoa?ee iicaieytho auaeaeyoue a?oiio ?enea ii
a?iaeaeaiiiio oieniieaciico aeey naiaa?aiaiiiai na?ieiae/aneiai
ianeaaeiaaiey e niaoeeoe/aneie oa?aiee o aeaoae ia?aiai aiaea aeecie.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: a?iaeaeaiiue oieniieaciic, e?eoa?ee aeeaaiinoeee,
niaoeeoe/aneea oaaioeeoa?iua ?aaeoeee, iae?iniiia?aoey, aeaoe ia?aiai
aiaea aeecie.
ABSTRACT
Kamenshchick A.V. “ Clinical and immunological features and diagnostic
criteria of the congenital toxoplasmosis in first year children ”. The
manuscript.
Thesis for the competition of a scientific degree of the candidate of
medical sciences on a speciality. 14. 01. 10 – Pediatry. Kharkov State
Medical University.
There is be defended thesis which contains data about features of
clinical course and criteria of diagnosis of the congenital
toxoplasmosis in first year children.
The purpose of research is improvement of early diagnosis for
congenital toxoplasmosis in first year children based on the necessity
of serological, neurosonographic and immunological examination in the
patients of risk group.
At first, 36 children of first year that was died of congenital
toxoplasmosis were investigated. The variants of clinical course of
acute dessiminant form of congenital toxoplasma infection and criteria
of diagnosis for subacute form of the disease are established. Three
variants of the acute congenital toxoplasmosis course are detected.
First one is the clinical dominance of pulmonary system injuries that
also combines with the hard defects of heart, lungs and gastrointestinal
tract. Second one is clinically dominance of brain injuring and third is
the septical form of disease. In all variants the comparison between
clinical manifestation and autopsy were conducted. Separately in
neonates and in children older than one month of life in acute
congenital toxoplasmosis were found some features in blood monocytes
level. In newborns were marked increase both absolute and relative
content of monocytes while in older babies were observed only it
absolute increasing. Being based on this data were collaborating primary
criteria of diagnosis.
At the following stage were serologically (by immunofluorescence and
immunoenzyme assay ) examined 416 babies selected according to above
mentioned criteria. In 90 of them were established diagnosis of
congenital toxoplasmosis and clinical manifestation, hematological and
some biochemical parameters are investigated. In this patients group
were revealed dominance of pulmonary and neurological syndroms
combination. In it blood anemia, some leucocytosis and neutrophilosis
was found. Besides, elevating of transaminases level was confirmed that
reflects subacute hepatitis. Characteristics in this group of the
patients was also convulsive syndrome and hard developmental
retardation. The conducted research has allowed to select updated
criteria of diagnosis. The established features of clinical course and
also laboratory and serological data allows to make a conclusion about
necessity of simultaneous specific I and G antibodies determination in
patients blood serum.
The significance of neurosonography in the diagnosis of different forms
of disease is shown.
In acute toxoplasmosis were revealed high comparability of ultrasound
brain examination to the autopsy. In this form of disease most often
determined hemorrhages of different locations. Basically, hemorrhages
was admitted into vessel system of the lateral ventricules and into
brain parenchyme. In this cases the appearance of hemorrhages may be
explained as a brain vessels invasion by toxoplasmas and development of
the occlusional hypertrophic arteriitis. Nevertheless, hemorrhages can
also occur as a result of others perinatal injuries, but specific
inflammatory process that locates in the brain vessels is a facilitating
factor of it pathology. The others echo – symptoms that often revealed
are oedema and smoothness of the brain structure image that were
corresponding to the patients state into . Such echo signs as
periventricular ishaemia and the dense inclusions in the plaitings of
vessels was more rare ultrasound findings. Thus, the obtained outcomes
testifies about unfavorable prognosis for healing in the detected cases
of intracranial hemorrhages that revealed in acute congenital
toxoplasmosis.
In difference from children of the previous group for subacute
congenital toxoplasmosis the smoothness of brain structure and a
ventriculomegaly are were more often of echo-symptoms, The other
ultrasound features that were also detecting are large and dense
inclusions in a gleam of the forward horns of lateral ventricules. The
special group of its patients contains of 6 children with the signs of
ventriculitis that looked out as a twice outlining and density in
ventricules. Clinically in these children the longterm convulsive
syndrome and manifestations of menyngism were observed.
In chronic congenital toxoplasmosis on neurosonography were, basically,
the smoothness of brain structure, the hemorrhages into vessels
plaitings and the pseudocystes of frontal pieces. More rare findings
were the dense sites of brain structure and the ventriculomegaly.
Manifestations of ventriculitis not in one of the cases were no
represented.
Certain neurosonography criteria, that along with the specific
serologic diagnosis allows to establish a phase of current inflammatory
process into CNS and also manage it with the help of the specific
therapy are determined.
The diagnostic value of specific phagocytic reactions to children’s
blood neutrophiles incubation with the causal antigene (toxoplasma) is
shown, that is the one of an additional laboratory diagnostic
criterion. In particular, was shown the high neutrophiles destruction
during after only 40 minutes of incubation that reflects a condition of
sensibilisation in subacute congenital toxoplasma infection.
The established criteria allows to select the risk group of first year
children suspected for congenital toxoplasma infection for the purpose
of futher serologic examination and specific therapy.
Key words: congenital toxoplasmosis, diagnostic criteria, specific
reactions of phagocytosis, neurosonography, first year children.
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