OI?AA?NEOAO AIOO??OI?O NI?AA
OAeE 340.0(09)
EAA*AIEIA Ieaenaiae? ?aaiiae/
I?IAEAIE AeA?AEAAE ? I?AAA
O OAI?*?E NIAAeUEI? I.E.IEOAEEIANUeEIAI
? NO*ANI?NOUe
12.00.01 – oai??y oa ?noi??y aea?aeaae ? i?aaa;
?noi??y iie?oe/ieo ? i?aaiaeo a/aiue
Aaoi?aoa?ao
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa th?eaee/ieo iaoe
Oa?e?a – 1999
Aeena?oaoe?y ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? oai??? oa ?noi??? aea?aeaae ? i?aaa
Oi?aa?neoaoo aioo??oi?o ni?aa
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – aeieoi? th?eaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
NEAEOI I.O.
Oi?aa?neoao aioo??oi?o ni?aa,
i?ioani? eaoaae?e oai??? oa
?noi???
aea?aeaae ? i?aaa.
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe – aeieoi? th?eaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
I?ICI?IAA I.N.
Iaoe?iiaeueiee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao
?iai? Oa?ana Oaa/aiea.
– eaiaeeaeao th?eaee/ieo iaoe,
aeioeaio
IA?*OE A.I.
*a?i?aaoeueeee aea?aeaaiee
oi?aa?neoao
?i. I.Oaaeueeiae/a
caa?aeoth/ee eaoaae?ith oai??? oa ?noi???
aea?aeaae ? i?aaa.
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – Iaoe?iiaeueia th?eaee/ia aeaaeai?y Oe?a?ie
?i. ss?ineaaa Ioae?iai.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 26 ethoiai 1999 ?ieo i 10 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E 64.700.03 i?e Oi?aa?neoao? aioo??oi?o
ni?aa (310080, Oe?a?ia, i. Oa?e?a, i?. 50-??//y N?N?, 27).
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? Oi?aa?neoaoo
aioo??oi?o ni?aa (310080, i. Oa?e?a, i?. 50-??//y N?N?, 27).
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 25 n?/iy 1999 ?ieo.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
A.?.Ee?e/aiei
Aeooaeuei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy. Nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i?, iie?oe/i? e
i?aaia? i?ioeane, ui a?aeaoaathoueny ca?ac o e?a?iao No?aeii? ?a?iie,
aea?aeaaao NIAe, Oe?a?i? ? iia’ycai? c ye?niei ia?aoai?aiiyi
aeiiii?/iiai aaceno – ia?aoiaeii aei ?eieiai? aeiiii?ee, eaaae?caoe??th
i?eaaoii? aeaniino? oa i?aei?e?iieoeueei? ae?yeueiino?, – iathoue
oaiaeaioe?th aei aeaiie?aoecaoe?? an?o noi??i aeeooy noni?euenoaa,
i?eeiyooy e ?icaeoeo ?inoeooo?a, i?eoaiaiieo i?aaia?e aea?aeaa?, iiaaae
e caoenoo i?aa ethaeeie. Aea eaaei aecia/eoe e ?ioo, ae?enii iii?oio
oaiaeaioe?th – no??iea cieaeaiiy noni?euenoaa aei aeiaaeueii? e?ece a
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i?e, iie?oe/i?e, i?aaia?e oa ?ioeo noa?ao i?e
i/aaeaei?e a?aenooiino? ae?ae iaiao?aeii? a oaeeo neooaoe?yo aio/ei? oa
a?aeiia?aeaeueii? iiaaae?iee c aieo aeaaeieo no?oeoo? aea?aeaae. ?o
aacnenoaii?noue, iaeiiaie?noue ni?yioaaiiy ae?e aei aaaeaieo
?acoeueoao?a ia i?ecaaee. I?eaaaeea? iiaeae? noni?eueiiai ?icaeoeo ia
ni?aoeueiaothoue ia i?aeoeoe? aai ni?aoeueiaothoue ca i?eioeeiii “oio?ee
ye e?aua, a aeeoei ye caaaeaee”. Ciia ia?aae noni?euenoaii noi?oue
ieoaiiy: ui ?iaeoe? Nioe?aeueia ?oei?aia ?aaiethoe?y aai ?ioee oeyo
?icaeoeo? C?icoi?ei, e?aua iae?aoe ?aoi?iaoi?nueeee iai?yiie. Aea yeee?
Aea ooeaoe a?aeiia?ae?? O iia?oi?o cao?aeieo aeieo?eiao ia?aaoaeiae
iinonioe?ae?noe/ieo noni?euenoa /e a?aoe ca c?acie oeyo ?icaeoeo Eeoath,
Oaaoe?? oiui?
Iiooee iai?yie?a ia?aaoaeiae a?o/eciyiiai noni?euenoaa niiioeathoue
ciiao ? ciiao caa?oaoeny aei ?ioaeaeooaeueii? niaaeueie ieioeeo
noie?oue. O oeueiio ca’yceo aea/aiiy oa?aeoa?ieo iniaeeainoae
ia?iaeieoeueei? aeaiie?ao?? ae?oai? iieiaeie O?O noie?ooy ia? aeooaeueia
cia/aiiy.
A?aeiii, ui ia??iaee iaeaeeaoiai noni?eueiiai iiiaeaiiy – oea, ye
i?aaeei, ia??iaee aaeeeiai ?ioa?ano aei iiia?aaei?o aeinyaiaiue na?oiai?
iie?oe/ii? e i?aaiai? eoeueoo?e. *an, o yeiio ie nueiaiaei? aeeaaii, ia
iiaea ia noeioethaaoe ?ioa?an aei iiaiai ?icoi?iiy aea?aeaae ? i?aaa. Ie
an? ? na?aeeaie e o/anieeaie e?ece aeanii? aaniethoii? aea?aeaaiino?.
Naia ?noi?e/ia neooaoe?y, a ye?e ia?aaoaa? iaoa noni?euenoai ? aea?aeaaa
nueiaiaei?, aaaaoi o /iio iaaaaeo? oo, yeo iienaee e aiae?coaaee o nai?o
i?aoeyo I.?. Aa?oeai, E.I. Oienoie, O.I. Aeinoi?anueeee, I.A.
*a?ieoaanueeee, I.E. Ieoaeeianueeee oa ?io? aeaeaoi? oie ethaenoaa.
Oiaoi, ? iiaeeea?noue ciaeoe a ?o ?iaioao “noa??”, aea ae??a? ?aoeaioe
aeey e?eoaaiiy oyaeeeo no/anieo noni?eueieo “oai?ia”. A “?in?enuee?
oai?iae” aiie ciaee, iaaooue, e?aua, ai?ae aeaye? a?o/eciyi? e
ca?oa?aei? “niaoe?ae?noe”, ye? iini?oathoue aoaeue-yeith oe?iith ciia
“iuaneeaeoe” ian /a?aiaei iaaacia/iei nioe?aeueiei aenia?eiaioii,
caaoaath/e i?i oa, ui a?i i?iaiaeeoueny iaae aeeaeie ethaeueie.
Iiaee iiaeyae ia ethaeeio a no/aniiio na?o?, i?aeaeuaiiy ?ie? ethaeeie o
an?o noa?ao aeeooy e aeciaiiy ?? aieiaiith oe?ii?noth, a oaeiae ci?ie o
a?aeiineiao aeaniino?, e?ei?iae?caoe?y noni?euenoaa, iiaa aa/aiiy
i?ecia/aiiy aea?aeaae ? i?aaa o ?aaoethaaii? oeeo i?ioean?a – ana oea
aeiaaa? ?aoaeueiiai aea/aiiy an?o iie?oe/ieo ? i?aaiaeo oai??e, o oiio
/ene? e I.E. Ieoaeeianueeiai. I?iaeaia iniaenoino?, ?? ?icoi?iiy ia
?ic?iaethaaeany aeiaeiei eiai no/anieeii oae aeeaiei, ye I.E.
Ieoaeeianueeei, ? ia i?ioiaeeea /a?aiiith ieoeith /a?ac anth eiai
iie?oeei-i?aaiao eiioeaioe?th.
Aeooaeuei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy iaoiiaeaia ia eeoa iaaeinoaoiueith
?ic?iaeith oai?/i? niaaeueie Ieoaeeianueeiai, ia?aaeon?i, ??
aea?aeaaii-i?aaiaiai aei?iaeo (iaoeiai-oai?aoe/iee aniaeo), a e
iaiao?aei?noth o?aooaaiiy iiia?aaeiuei? ?ioaeaeooaeueii? a?o/eciyii?
niaaeueie e aoiai?noe/ieo oe?iiinoae i?e ?ic?iaoe? eiioeaioe?? e oeyo?a
?aae?caoe?? iiaoaeiae aeaiie?aoe/ii?, nioe?aeueii?, i?aaiai? aea?aeaae
(i?aeoe/iee aniaeo).
Iaoa aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a aeiaaaeaii? oace uiaei
?nioaaiiy aeeaieiai ei??iiy no/anii? aea?aeaaii-i?aaiai? oai??? ?
i?aeoeee o a?o/eciyi?e ?noi???, /anoeith yei? ? ia?iaeieoeueea aeoiea,
cie?aia ?? iaeyne?aa?oee i?aaenoaaiee – I.E. Ieoaeeianueeee; o aea/aii?
oa e?eoe/i?e ioe?ioe? i?aeiyoeo iei i?iaeai aea?aeaae ? i?aaa o O?O no.,
?o iieac? oa ia?aeeeeo c no/aniith aea?aeaaii-i?aaiaith i?aeoeeith a
Oe?a?i?.
A?aeiia?aeii aei iaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy, a aeena?oaoe?? ae??oothoueny oae?
aieiai? iaoeia? caaaeaiiy:
1. Aeaoe iiaa “i?i/eoaiiy” oai?aoe/ii? niaaeueie I.E. Ieoaeeianueeiai c
o?aooaaiiyi oe?ieiai niaeo?o ?? iaoeiaiai ?ioa?ano – a aaeoc?
nioe?ieia??, aeiiii?ee, i?aaa.
2. Aeyaeoe aea?aeaaii-i?aaiaee ci?no ? oai?aoeei-i?ciaaaeueio
oe?ii?noue oai?/iai aei?iaeo I.E. Ieoaeeianueeiai.
3. ?ice?eoe caeiiii??iino? aaiace e aaiethoe?? eiai aea?aeaaii-i?aaiaeo
iiaeyae?a.
4. C?iaeoe niaoe?aeueiee aiae?c i?aaiciaa/iai aniaeoo ?ioaeaeooaeueii?
niaaeueie Ieoaeeianueeiai: aeae?eeoe i?iaeaie aea?aeaae ? i?aaa, ui
noaee ia’?eoii eiai ieeueii? iaoeiai? oaaae.
5. Aecia/eoe ??aaiue oai?aoe/ii? iaa?oioiaaiino? ii?ooaieo iei i?iaeai
aea?aeaae ? i?aaa ia oe? aeinyaiaiue iaoee eiai /ano.
6. Aeyaeoe, iane?eueee i?iaeaie aea?aeaae ? i?aaa, ?ic?iaeai?
Ieoaeeianueeei, noaee “iane??cieie” (ia ao?aoeee nai?? aeooaeueiino?)
aeey i?aaenoaaiee?a ianooiieo iieie?iue ?ioaeaeooaeueii? aeoiee ??cieo
iie?oeei-i?aaiaeo i???ioaoe?e.
7. I?iaiae?coaaoe nooi?iue “ni?acao/iino?” ?aeae I.E.Ieoaeeianueeiai o
aaeoc? aea?aeaae ? i?aaa no/ani?e iie?oeei-i?aaia?e oai??? ? i?aeoeoe? a
Oe?a?i?.
I?aaeiaoii aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ? iie?oeei-i?aaiaa
eiioeaioe?y I.E. Ieoaeeianueeiai, iaaaaeaia ia oe?ieiio ?noi?e/iiio oe?
ae?oai? iieiaeie O?O no., a oaeiae ca’ycie oai?aoe/ieo iieiaeaiue ?
aeniiae?a a/aiiai c no/anieie i?ioeanaie, ui a?aeaoaathoueny a
noni?euenoa? ? aea?aeaa?.
O?iiieia?/i? ?aiee ?iaioe aeeth/athoue ia??iae c ae?oai? iieiaeie O?O
no. ii oaia??oi?e /an.
Aaia?ao?/i? iaae? aeine?aeaeaiiy ioiieththoue oa?eoi??? Ee?anueei? ?on?,
?in?enueei? ?iia??? c Oe?a?iith, ui aoiaeeea aei ?? neeaaeo (cie?aia,
Ee?anueeo, *a?i?a?anueeo, Aieeinueeo, Oa?niinueeo, Iiae?euenueeo,
Iieoaanueeo, Oa?e?anueeo, Eaoa?eiineaanueeo, Oaa??enueeo aoaa?i??), a
oaeiae e?a?ie NIAe ? na?oo.
Noai iaoeiai? ?ic?iaee i?iaeaie. Oai?aoe/i? ? i?aeoe/i? ieoaiiy,
iia’ycai? c ??cieie aniaeoaie ia?iaeieoeueei? aeieo?eie, aoee i?aaeiaoii
iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue ?yaeo a?o/eciyieo ? ca?oa?aeieo a/aieo. O
a?o/eciyi?e ?noi??? aeine?aeaeaiiy ieoaiue ia?iaeieoeueei? aeaiie?ao??,
? cie?aia oai?/i? niaaeueie I.E. Ieoaeeianueeiai, iiaeia oiiaii
aeae?eeoe o?e aoaie.
Ua o 80-90 ??. O?O no. c’yaeeenue i?aoe? aeine?aeieoeueeiai ieaio, ui
noinoaaeeny aieiaiei /eiii nioe?ieia?/ii? oai??? I.E. Ieoaeeianueeiai.
Oea noaoo? oa eieae I. Ea?a?aa, E. Neiieinueeiai, N. THaeaeiaa oa ?i.
C?a?ai? o ca??oe? “Ia neaaiiio iinoo” tha?eaei? noaoo? iaeaaeaee
aieiaiei /eiii ioae?oeenoai ia?iaeieoeueeiai iai?yieo, ie??i oiai, ooo
i?noeeeny i?aoe?, ui iaee iaoeiaee oa?aeoa? (?.?. Eieiniaa, I.N.
?onaiiaa).
*eiaeith ia oeueiio oe? ? ia?enenonueea e?eoeea e ioe?iea i?noey I.E.
Ieoaeeianueeiai a a?iiaaenueeiio ?on?. A.A. Ieaoaiia aoa ia?oei
ia?enenoii, yeee iaiaaaany ni?inooaaoe ei??ii? iniiae oai??? ? oaeoeee
ia?iaeiee?a ? i?iaieinea ia?iaeieoeoai i?ieaeaiei aoaiii aecaieueii?
ai?ioueae, a Ieoaeeianueeiai iicaaaeya aoaeue-yeeo iaoeiaeo caneoa
(“Nioe?ae?ci ? iie?oe/ia ai?ioueaa” (1883 a.), “Iao? ?ica?aeiino?” (1885
a.), “Aei ieoaiiy i?i ?icaeoie iii?noe/iiai iiaeyaeo ia ?noi??th (1885
a.) oa ?i.).
Eai?inueea ioe?iea oai?/ino? Ieoaeeianueeiai oa eiai ?ie? o aecaieueiiio
?on? aoea a?eueo ??ciia?/iith ? a?aeiinii ia’?eoeaiith (“Ui oaea “ae?oc?
ia?iaeo” ? ye aiie aiththoue i?ioe nioe?ae-aeaiie?ao?a?” (1894 ?.),
“Aeiiii?/iee ci?no ia?iaeieoeoaa oa eiai e?eoeea o eiec? a-ia No?oaa”
(1895 ?.), “A?ae yei? niaaeueie ie a?aeiiaey?iinue” (1897 ?.),
“Ia?iaeieee i?i I.E. Ieoaeeianueeiai” (1914 ?.) oa ?i.). ?aoaeueiee
e?eoe/iee aiae?c iiaeyaeo I.E.Ieoaeeianueeiai i?iaiaeeany Eai?iei i?ae
eooii ci?o aieiaiiai caaaeaiiy, yea noiyei ia?aae iei o oie /an, –
aee?eoe oai?aoe/io iani?iiiaei?noue ia?iaeieoeueei? aeieo?eie. Aiaeii/an
Ieoaeeianueeee oa?aeoa?ecoaaany ye iaeei c e?aueo i?aaenoaaiee?a ?
ae?aciee?a iiaeyae?a ?in?enueei? ao?aeoacii? aeaiie?ao?? ? noaaeany a
?yae c aeaeaoieie ethaeueie aiioe.
Ia aeaeue, o ?aaeyinuee? /ane aiane?aeie aieeao ieu?aii? e?eoeee
ia?iaeieoeueei? ?aeaieia?? i?ae eooii ci?o Eai?ia ?i’y oeueiai
aeaeaoiiai ioae?oeenoa ? oai?aoeea ia?iaeieoeoaa noaei iae?iciei o iao?e
e?oa?aoo??: eiai aai cian?i caiia/oaaee ye iaa?aeia iai’yo? iauaaee?a,
aai ia iueiio aeaiiino?oaaee iani?iiiaei?noue ia?iaeieoeueei? aeieo?eie.
Eeoa a 1917 ?. c’yaeeany i?aoey ?. Eieiniaa, yea ooi/ithaaea a?ia?ao?/i?
aeai? ieneeoaey, a a 20-o ?ieao – ia ii/aoeo 30-o ??. iaaiee ?ioa?an aei
I.E.Ieoaeeianeueiai aoei aeyaeaii a i?aoeyo A. Ai?aaa, ?. Eieiniaa, Ae.
Eocuei?ia o ca’yceo ?c ni?iaaie aeyaeoe eiai i?noea a ia?iaeieoeueeiio
?on?.
I?e aeine?aeaeaiiy oai?/i? niaaeueie Ieoaeeianueeiai i?eiaaea? ia 60-o?
– ia?oo iieiaeio 70-o ??. Aea aaoi?e i?aoeue oeueiai /ano ?ioa?i?aooaaee
iiaeyaee ieneeoaey c iiceoe?e iaioth/i? ia?enenonueei-eai?inueei?
?aeaieia??, e??cue i?ecio “?aaeyinueeiai nioe?ae?cio”. Oea, iaeiae, ia
icia/a?, ui a ieo iaia? oai?aoe/ieo iiaaoe?e ? iaoeiaeo aeinyaiaiue,
iniaeeai o oaeoe/iiio ieai?. Ne?ae aecia/eoe ianaiia?aae A.N.Ayeiai,
yeee iaeiei ?c ia?oeo ?icii/aa ?ic?iaeo e?oa?aoo?ii-e?eoe/ii? niaaeueie
Ieoaeeianueeiai a 50-o? ??. A 60-o? ?iee ia?iaeieoeueeith oaiaoeeith ?,
cie?aia, aeine?aeaeaiiyi ae?yeueiino? Ieoaeeianueeiai ye ae?acieea
ia?iaeieoeoaa caeiaany A.I.Eicueiei. Oai?/?noue Ieoaeeianueeiai aoea
i?aaeiaoii ?ioa?ano ?.A. O?e?iiaa, A.A. Aaeaeoeiiiaa, I.A. I?eaiae?iaa,
I.A. N?aeiaa, A.?. ?oaiaa?aa, I.O. Noneiai?, A.I. Eoe?ia. Aaaiiee
aianie o a?o/eciyio iaoeo aoa c?iaeaiee i?aoeath A.N. A?eainueei? “I.E.
Ieoaeeianueeee oa eiai ?aeaeia ?ieue o ia?iaeieoeueeiio ?on? 70-o –
ii/aoeo 80-o ??. O?O no.”, caaaeyee aeeaieiio aiae?co
o?einionueei-nioe?ieia?/ieo oa noni?eueii-iie?oe/ieo iiaeyae?a
Ieoaeeianueeiai. O?einionuee? e nioe?ieia?/i? iiaeyaee a/aiiai ciaeoee
nai? aena?oeaiiy oaeiae o i?aoeyo I.I. Eacaeiaa, E.?. ?oaeaeiaa, A.I.
Iae?i?ia, A.A. Oi?ina, A.I. Oaa?aeianueei?, ?.E. Iaio?ia, I.I. Neeiueea
oa ?i.
No/ani? aeine?aeaeaiiy oai?/iai niaaeeo I.E. Ieoaeeianueeiai caiaeyoueny
o?eueee aei nooi ?noi?e/ii? ?iaioe Aaeo?aa A.I. “E?aa?aeueia
ia?iaeieoeoai ia ?oaaae? O?O-OO noie?oue” (1995 ?.), a yeeo /?eueia
i?noea a?aeaaaeaii Ieoaeeianueeiio, oa aei iaaaeeeeo ?icae?e?a a
“?noi??? ?in?enueei? o?einio??”( aaoi?e – I.I. Einnueeee oa A.A.
Caiueeianueeee , 1991 ).
Ioaea, yeui o?einionuee? oa nioe?ieia?/i? aniaeoe oai?/i? niaaeueie
?ic?iaeaii aeineoue aeieeaaeii, oi iiaeyaee Ieoaeeianueeiai ia i?iaeaie
aea?aeaae ? i?aaa aein? caeeoathoueny ia aeine?aeaeaieie th?eaee/iith
iaoeith, e??i ?aeeii? ni?iae caaaeueiiai oa?aeoa?o, c?iaeaii? A.I.
E?noye?anueeei o noaoo? “Ia caoeno i?aaa. (?ioae?aaioe?y ?
i?aaina?aeii?noue)” (1909 ?.). O aeayeeo i?ae?o/ieeao c oai??? aea?aeaae
? i?aaa, cie?aia i?ae ?aaeaeoe??th E.I.Iie?/aaa (1965 ?.),
A.I.Ei?aeuenueeiai (1997 ?.) ia? i?noea caaaeea i?i oa, ui
I.E.Ieoaeeianueeee aoa ?in?enueeei i?ea?/ieeii iao??a?oaeueii? oai???
aeieeiaiiy aea?aeaae. I?ioa ai? a “?noi??? iie?oe/ieo ? i?aaiaeo
a/aiue” A.N.Ia?nanyioea (1998 ?.), ai? a “?noi??? a/aiue i?i aea?aeaao ?
i?aai” O.I.Ooeueaeaiei oa I.TH.Iaoia (1997 ?.) aeiaeiiai ?yaeea ia
a?aeaaaeaii aeey iiaeaiiy oi/a a o caaaeueiiio ieai? aea?aeaaii-i?aaiaeo
iiaeyae?a I.E.Ieoaeeianueeiai. I?ae oei, aac aena?oeaiiy
aea?aeaaii-i?aaiaiai aniaeoo oai?/ino? Ieoaeeianueeiai iaiiaeeeai oyaeoe
oe?e?nio iinoaoue eiai ye ieneeoaey.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia ? oai?aoe/ia cia/aiiy aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy
iieyaathoue o oe?e?niiio ? nenoaiaoeciaaiiio aena?oeaii? iiaeyae?a o
aaeoc? aea?aeaae ? i?aaa iaeiiai c i?ia?aeieo ia?iaeieoeueeeo ?aeaieia?a
I.E.Ieoaeeianueeiai. Ie?ai? ieoaiiy i?iaeaie i?aeiyo? e ae??oai? aia?oa,
aeaye? c ieo aena?oeai? ii-iiaiio, ?io? – a?eueo aeeaiei ? anaa?/ii
aeine?aeaeai?. Ia a?aeeeaeath/e iiia?aaei?o aeinyaiaiue a/aieo o
aeine?aeaeaii? o?einionueeeo, nioe?ieia?/ieo oa ?noi?e/ieo iiaeyae?a
I.E. Ieoaeeianueeiai, aeei?enoiaoth/e ?o iiaaoe??, aaoi? aia?oa
i?iiiio? th?eaee/ia i?i/eoaiiy eiai oai?/i? niaaeueie , ii?ooo? ?ai?oa
ia ?ic?iaeai? i?iaeaie iaoeiaiai ?ioa?ano ieneeoaey a aaeoc? aea?aeaae
? i?aaa. Ii-iiaiio ?ic?iaeaii ?yae ieoaiue, iia’ycaieo ?c
ia??iaeecaoe??th aecaieueiiai ?ooo; aecia/aii nooi?iue aieeao
ia?enenonueei? oa ?ioeo aeieo?ei ia oi?ioaaiiy iie?oeei-i?aaiaeo
iiaeyae?a Ieoaeeianueeiai. Aaoi?ii ni?inoiaaii i?aeoiaee iiia?aaei?o
aeine?aeiee?a oai?/ino? Ieoaeeianueeiai aei oeoia/aiiy eiai iiaeyaeo ia
iioiaeaeaiiy aea?aeaae, iaa?oioiaaii oi/eo ci?o i?i iaeaaei?noue a/aiiai
aei i?ea?/iee?a iao?eiii?aeueii? oai??? aeieeiaiiy aea?aeaae. Aia?oa
iinoaaeaii ? aeiaaaeaii ni?acao/i?noue no/aniino? ae??oaiiy
Ieoaeeianueeei i?iaeaie ni?aa?aeiioaiiy aea?aeaae ? i?aaa, aeiiii?ee ?
i?aaa, i?aaa ? ii?ae?, a?aeiinii? naiino?eiino? aea?aeaae a ia?ao?aei?
aoaie ?icaeoeo noni?euenoaa (ia?aaeon?i, aea?aeaaii-oi?aae?inuee?
a?aeiineie, ui neeaaeathoueny i?ae aea?aeaaith ? /eaiaie noni?euenoaa, a
oaeiae o na?aaeei? aea?aeaaiiai aia?aoo, iathoue aeanoea?noue a?aeiinii?
naiino?eiino?) oiui.
A?eueo aeeaiei ? anaa?/ii aeine?aeaeaii i?iaeaie, ui aoee ia’?eoii
oaaae iiia?aaei?o aeine?aeiee?a oai?/ino? Ieoaeeianueeiai, a naia:
noaaeaiiy aei iaueie ? ia?niaeoea ?? ?icaeoeo, oa?aeoa? ? oeyoe
o?ainoi?iaoe?? noni?euenoaa o iai?yieo eiai aeaiie?aoecaoe??,
i?iaeooaaiiy iaeaooiueiai ono?ith oiui. Aiae?c i?iaaaeaii ia oii?
no/anii? Ieoaeeianueei? o?einionueei?, ?noi?e/ii? ? i?aaiai? aeoiee.
Eiaeia c i?aeiyoeo aeena?oaioii i?iaeai oa’ycaia ?c no/ani?noth a ieai?
?? ?aae?caoe?? a iao?e A?o/eci? e e?a?iao na?oo.
Iaoiaeieia?/io iniiao noaiiaeyoue caaaeueiio?einionuee? i?eioeeie
aeine?aeaeaiiy – ae?aeaeoe/iee, ?noi?e/iee, eia?/iee, a oaeiae /anoeia?
iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy – nenoaiiee, ii??aiyeueii-i?aaiaee, noaoenoe/iee
? i?iaeaiii-o?iiieia?/iee.
Caaaeueiiiaoiaeieia?/iei caniaii aeinyaiaiiy iaoe oa ?ica’ycaiiy
caaaeaiue aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ia?aii ii?aeiaiiy nenoaiiiai
i?aeoiaeo ?icaeyaeo i?aeiyoeo Ieoaeeianueeei i?iaeai aea?aeaae ? i?aaa c
eiiia?aoeaiei aiae?cii nooo?aeo iiiaio?a ?icaeoeo eiai
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo, iie?oe/ieo oa i?aaiaeo iiaeyae?a. Caaaeyee
nenoaiiiio i?aeoiaeo anoaiiaeaii no?oeoo?o aieiaieo i?iaeai, ui aoee a
oeaio?? oaaae I.E.Ieoaeeianueeiai, iieacaii ?o aca?iica’ycie, yeee
coiiaea nai???aei?noue na?oiaeyaeo ieneeoaey. Eiiia?aoeaiee aiae?c
ni?eya aena?oeaiith eiai aeiiii?/ieo, iie?oe/ieo, aea?aeaaii-i?aaiaeo
iiaeyae?a o ??ciiiai?oiino? ?o i?iya?a ia oe? no/anii? eiio i?aaiai?
eoeueoo?e ? o “ni?acao/iino?” c nueiaiaeaiiith a?o/eciyiith
aea?aeaaii-i?aaiaith ?icaoaeiaith.
Aeaea?aeiao aaco aeine?aeaeaiiy noaiiaeyoue ia?aaeon?i i?aoe? I.E.
Ieoaeeianueeiai (10 oii?a), a oaeiae ??ci? ca oa?aeoa?ii, oi?iith ?
ci?noii a?aeii? oa iia?, ia iioae?eiaai? ?ai?oa, iaoa??aee, i?aoe?
eeanee?a na?oiai? oa a?o/eciyii? iie?oieia??, o?einio?? ? i?aaa, ?iaioe
a?o/eciyieo ? ca?oa?aeieo i?aaiciaaoe?a, th?eaee/i? ia??iaee/i? oa
?aoa?aoeai? aeaeaiiy; ii?iaoeai? – eiinoeoooe?y, caeiiiaeaa/? aeoe,
i?aeia?iaei? i?aaia? aeoe, ui ?aaoeththoue a?aeiineie aeaniino?,
i?aaiaee noaoon ethaeeie ? a?iiaaeyieia oiui.
Ia caoeno aeiinyoueny oae? aieiai? iieiaeaiiy:
– oai?aoe/io niaaeueio I.E. Ieoaeeianueeiai ye nioe?ieiaa, o?einioa,
ioae?oeenoa o?aaa ?icaeyaeaoe o o?niiio ca’yceo c eiai th?eaee/ieie
iiaeyaeaie, o?eueee a oaeiio ii?aeiaii? iiaeia aecia/eoe eiai ni?aaaei?
i?noea a ia?iaeieoeuee?e ?aeaieia?? O?O no. ? aeyaeoe nai???aei?noue
eiai aea?aeaaii-i?aaiai?, iie?oe/ii? oa aeiiii?/ii? eiioeaioe?e;
– c?iaeaii aeniiaie i?i oa, ui ni?eueiei aeey iueiai, ye ? aeey ?ioeo
i?aaenoaaiee?a ia?iaeieoeueei? ?aeaieia??, aoea i?iaeaia “aea?aeaaa –
iniaa”, yea ae??ooaaeany iei ia ei?enoue iniae; oey i?iaeaia, o naith
/a?ao, aoea nai???aeiei oeaio?ii on?o iie?oe/ieo, aeiiii?/ieo, i?aaiaeo
? ii?aeueieo iiooe?a a/aiiai;
– aecia/aii, ui i?iaaaeaiee Ieoaeeianueeei aiae?c iaueie ? iaueiii?
aeaniino? a ieai? ii?aeiaiiy ?iaeea?aeoaeueii? oa noni?eueii? oi?i
aeaniino? iiaea aooe aeei?enoaiee ye iaeei ?c oeyo?a ?icaeoeo no/aniiai
n?euenueeiai ainiiaea?noaa;
– i?aai ? aea?aeaaa ?icaeyaeaeeny Ieoaeeianueeei c oi/ee ci?o nooiino?,
yea aaa/aeany a ?o aioeia?iaeiiio oa?aeoa??, caeaoiino? aeneiaethaaoe oa
caoeuaoe eeoa ?ioa?ane caaacia/aii? iaioino? noni?euenoaa: e?eoeeoth/e
no/ani? eiio aea?aeaae, ?o i?aai, a?i aaa/aa a iauei? (na?anuee?e
caae?oc?) aioia? aeoiee aeey iaeaooiueiai aaeineiiaeaiiy noni?eueiiai ?
aea?aeaaiiai aeeooy;
– anoia?a/ ??ciei ioe?ieai, ye? ?niothoue o e?oa?aoo?? i?i iaeaaei?noue
Ieoaeeianueeiai aei i?eoeeueiee?a ia?enenonueei? (aeiiii?/ii?),
oaoiie?aoe/ii?, iao??a?oaeueii? oai??e, aeiaaaeaii, ui a eiai iiaeyaeao
ia oea ieoaiiy ii?aeiaeenue ??ci? i?aeoiaee; aecia/aii, ui a?i iaeaaeaa
aei i?ea?/iee?a iao?eiii?aeueii? oai??? c iii?oiei aieeaii oai??e:
aeiiii?/ii? oa ianeeuenoaa;
– o i?aaiaeo iiaeyaeao Ieoaeeianueeiai aeeaeoe/ii ii?aeiaeeny aeaiaioe
nioe?ieia?/ii?, iiceoea?nonueei? oa ineoieia?/ii? oe?e i?aaa; eiai
iiaeia a?aeianoe aei nioe?ieia?/ieo iiceoea?no?a c iii?oii ae?aaeaiei
?iaeea?aeoaeueiei iaoeeii: i?e aeciaii? aea?aeaaieo i?aaiaeo i?eien?a ye
iaeac?a, iaiao?aeieo aeey aeeiiaiiy, a?i iaiieyaaa ia ?o ii?aeueiino?,
ni?aaaaeeeaino?, a?aeiia?aeiino? nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iei ?ioa?anai , a
i?e ?o ?aae?caoe?? – ia a?aooaaii? iniaenoino?, ethaenueei? a?aeiino?;
– i?e aeine?aeaeaii? i?iaeaie cei/eio ? iiea?aiiy Ieoaeeianueeee
aeoeaioo? oaaao ia i?e/eiao cei/eio (nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo,
iie?oe/ieo, ineoieia?/ieo); oyaa? i?iaeie ia?aiineoue aieiaiei /eiii ia
noni?euenoai; cei/ei ?icaeyaea? o aeaio aei??ao – eiie?aoii-?noi?e/iiio
? caaaeueiioeea?e?caoe?eiiio; i?iiiio? caiia?aaoe cei/eiai oeyoii
anoaiiaeaiiy aea?aeaaith iaiao?aeieo aa?aio?e (ianaiia?aae –
aeiiii?/ieo ? nioe?aeueieo i?aa ? naiaiae ethaeeie);
– anoaiiaeaii ca’ycie i?ae oai?aoe/ieie iiooeaie Ieoaeeianueeiai a
aaeoc? aea?aeaae ? i?aaa oa no/aniei noaiii th?eaee/ii? iaoee ?
iniaeeainoyie iaoe?iiaeueiiai ?icaeoeo; i?aee?aneaii, ui, iiaeeo?eiaai?
a?aeiia?aeii aei no/aniino?, aiie caeaoi? ci???iooaaoe ia ?aoi?ioaaiiy
oe?a?inueeiai noni?euenoaa a?aeiia?aeii aei iiai? Eiinoeoooe??.
I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy oaie iieyaa? a oiio, ui ?? aieiai?
iieiaeaiiy, oai?aoe/i? aeniiaee cai?iiiiiaaii aeey iiooeo, aecia/aiiy ?
?aae?caoe?? no?aoaa?/iiai eo?no oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaaiino?. Iaoa??aee
iiaeooue aooe oaeiae aeei?enoai? (i?e noai?aii? ocaaaeueithth/eo ?
niaoe?aeueieo ?ia?o c ?noi?eei-i?aaiai? i?iaeaiaoeee), o iaa/aeueiiio
i?ioean? aeueo ? na?aaei?o iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a i?e aeeeaaeaii? oai c
?noi??? i?aaiaeo ? iie?oe/ieo a/aiue, oai??? aea?aeaae ? i?aaa, ?noi???
aea?aeaae ? i?aaa ca?oa?aeieo e?a?i.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. An? iieiaeaiiy ? aeniiaee aeena?oaoe??
noi?ioeueiaaii e iaa?oioiaaii ia iniia? iniaenoeo aeine?aeaeaiue.
Iioae?eiaai? iaoeia? i?aoe? caeiaoaa/a iaienai? aac ni?aaaoi?noaa.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a ?iaioe
1. I?aeia?iaeia iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ia eiioa?aioe?y “Ethaenueeee oaeoi? o
i?aeaeuaii? aoaeoeaiino? ae?yeueiino? i?aaiioi?iiieo i?aai?a”. –
Eoaainuee, 1994.
2. Iaoeiai-iaoiaee/ia eiioa?aioe?y “Aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie i?aeaioiaee
niaoe?ae?no?a aeey nenoaie IAN”. – Eoaainuee, 1995.
3. I?aeaoc?anueea iaoeiaa-i?aeoe/ia eiioa?aioe?y “Oai?/a niaaeueia I.?.
Iiaai?iaeoeaaa (aei 130-??//y c aeiy ia?iaeaeaiiy) ? aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie
iiaoaeiae i?aaiai? aea?aeaae a Oe?a?i?”. – Eoaainuee, 1996.
4. I?aeia?iaeia iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ia eiioa?aioe?y – ia?aaea neoaea aeieo
noni?eueii? aaciaee i?aai?a aioo??oi?o ni?aa i?eei?aeiiieo iaeanoae
Oe?a?ie oa ?in?? ii i?aai?caoe?? aca?iiae?? a ai?iouea? c?
cei/eii?noth”. – Eoaainuee, 1997.
*anoeio iaoa??ae?a aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aoei aeei?enoaii a
eo?nao oai??? aea?aeaae oa i?aaa, i?iaeai oai??? aea?aeaae oa i?aaa ?
i?aeia?iaeiiai i?aaa, ye? aeena?oaio /eoaa o Eoaainueeiio ?inoeooo?
aioo??oi?o ni?aa IAN Oe?a?ie.
No?oeoo?a ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y aeeeaaeaia ia 176 noi??ieao ?
neeaaea?oueny c anooio, aeaio ?icae?e?a, cae?i/aiiy ? a?ae?ia?ao??.
O anooi? iaa?oioiao?oueny aea?? ? aeooaeuei?noue oaie, ?ice?eaathoueny ?
ioe?iththoueny nooi?iue ?? ?ic?iaeaiino?, oe?e? oa caaaeaiiy
aeine?aeaeaiiy, iaoeiaa iiaecia ? i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy aeena?oaoe??,
oi?ioeththoueny aieiai? iieiaeaiiy, ui aeiinyoueny ia caoeno.
O ia?oiio ?icae?e? – “Nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i? ? iie?oe/i? iiaeyaee I.E.
Ieoaeeianueeiai” – ?icaeyaeathoueny i?eioeeiia? nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i?
oa iie?oe/i? iiaeyaee a/aiiai, ye? noaee aeoieaie aeey oi?ioaaiiy eiai
aea?aeaaii-i?aaiaeo ?aeae, iaoiiaeee ?ioa?an aei ieo ? aecia/eee
nai???aei?noue aiae?co i?iaeai iioiaeaeaiiy aea?aeaae, ?icoi?iiy i?aaa,
i?aa ? naiaiae iniae, cei/eio ? iiea?aiiy oiui.
O ia?oiio i?ae?icae?e? – “?noi?e/i? oiiae oi?ioaaiiy na?oiaeyaeo I.E.
Ieoaeeianueeiai” – ia oe?ieiio ?noi?e/iiio oii? aea?oueny aiae?c
??ciiiai?oieo yaeu noni?eueiiai aeeooy, ui cia/iith i??ith aieeioee ia
oi?ioaaiiy na?oiaeyaeo I.E. Ieoaeeianueeiai, eiai
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ii?, iie?oe/ii?, aea?aeaaii-i?aaiai? eiioeaioe??.
Aena?oeth?oueny oai?/ee oeyo ? iniaeeai eiai ii/aoie. Aecia/a?oueny
aieea ia ieneeoaey ?aeae Aa?oeaia, *a?ieoaanueeiai, Iae?aniaa,
Naeoeeiaa-Uaae??ia, Iena??aa oa ?ioeo. Aeacothoueny i?e/eie eieeaaiue o
iiooeo e aeai?? ?aeaeii? ? iaoeiai? i???ioaoe?? ye o?einioa,
ioae?oeenoa, i?aaiciaaoey, iniaenoino?. Oea, cie?aia, aeyaeeiny o
caeeaaeaii? o?einionueeeo i?aeaaeei na?oiaeyaeo. Iiae?eyth/e a oe?eiio
oai??th nioe?ieia?/iiai iiceoea?cio, a?i ni?eeiya iiceoeai? iiiaioe
?ioeo o?einionueeeo iai?yie?a, ia?aaeon?i, oeo, ye? aoee i???ioiaai? ia
i?eioeei i??i?eoaoiino? ethaeeie, ?? ?ioa?an?a, ?? i?aa. Iiaeia
noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui Ieoaeeianueeee ia i?ieoia iiac ineoieia?/io,
ia?enenonueeo, i?e?iaeie/o oai??? i?aaa, aea caiice/ea c ieo eeoa aeaye?
aeaiaioe, ia ni?eeiyaoe a oe?eiio. Naia i?ia?aneai? aeaiaioe oeeo
oai??e, cie?aia, iiaaaa aei ethaeeie i?aoe?, noai?aiiy a?aeieo oiia ??
aeeooy, aeciaiiy ?? i?aa ? aa?aio?e aecia/eee eiai “oi?ioeo i?ia?ano”,
iaoiiaeee e?eoe/ia noaaeaiiy aei ?aaiethoe?eieo oeyo?a ? iaoiae?a
ia?aoai?aiiy noni?eueieo a?aeiinei.
Ieoaeeianeee noi?ioaaany ye oai?aoee e?aa?aeueiiai ia?iaeieoeoaa ?
i?ii?n oeae “i?aii?” /a?ac ana aeeooy. I?ioa eiai ia?iaeieoeueea
iiceoe?y ia aoea i?oiaeienaeueiith. A?i aoa /ooeeaee aei iia?oi?o a?yiue
iaoee, caaaa/oaaany ?? ?aeayie. O i?ioean? aeoeaii? ioae?oeenoe/ii?
ae?yeueiino? a?i ci?a aecia/eoeny o nai?o iiaeyaeao ?c eeth/iaeo ieoaiue
noni?eueiiai aeeooy, ui ciaeoei a?aeia?aaeaiiy o caaa?oaiiio aeaeyae? a
eiai aeiiii?/i?e, iie?oe/i?e, aoeei-i?aaia?e, nioe?ieia?/i?e
eiioeaioe?yo, ye? aeiiiaithaaee iaeia iaeio. O oeaio?? eiai
oai?aoeei-iaoeiaeo ?icaeoi?a ciaoiaeyoueny aeooaeuei? aeey oiai /ano ?
ni?acao/i? no/aniino? i?iaeaie: iaueia ? ?? aeani?noue, iai?yiie ? oeyoe
iie?oe/ieo ia?aoai?aiue noni?euenoaa, nooi?noue, iioiaeaeaiiy ? ooieoe??
aea?aeaae, i?aaa ? naiaiaee ethaeeie, cei/ei ? iiea?aiiy oa ?io?.
O?eueee i?ney c’ynoaaiiy aieiaieo i?iaeai eiai oai?/ino? iiaeia
c?icoi?oe nai???aei?noue Ieoaeeianueeiai ye ieneeoaey, yeee a?aeia?acea
o nai?o aeoieao noai na?oiaeyaeo iaaii? /anoeie a?o/eciyiiai
noni?euenoaa.
O ae?oaiio i?ae?icae?e? – “I?noea iaueie a aeiiii?/i?e oai??? I.E.
Ieoaeeianueeiai” – aiae?cothoueny aeo?aei? iiceoe?? ieneeoaey a aaeoc?
aeiiii?/ieo a?aeiinei. Iiaeia noaa?aeaeoaaoe, ui Ieoaeeianueeee neeaa
aeanio aeiiii?/io oai??th. Ia??aeiei eaiaiai oe??? oai??? ? oeoia/aiiy
nooiino? aeiiii?/ieo a?aeiinei, yea iieyaa? o a?aeiineiao aeaniino?,
iaiiaeeeai? aac ae?iaieea iaoa??aeueieo aeaa ye aaoiiiiii? iniae. Ca
oai???th Ieoaeeianueeiai, aaoiiiii?noue iniae o a?aeiineiao aeaniino?
iiaeeeaa o?eueee i?e iaueiiiio caieaaieiae?ii?, ai naia ooo i?iaeoeo
i?aoe? i?ecia/aiee neeaaeaoe iaa?ae’?iio aeani?noue ae?iaieea. Aeoiaey/e
c oeueiai i?eioeeiiaiai iieiaeaiiy, a?i ?iaeoue aeniiaie, ui iaueia ia
iiaea noiyoe ia ia?aoeiae? aeiiii?/iiai ? nioe?aeueiiai i?ia?ano, oiio
ui iaueiiee ye naiino?eiee ae?iaiee ? aeanieeii, oi/i?oa, anioe?eiaaiei
aeanieeii. Ia a?aeeeaeath/e a oe?eiio i?eaaoii? aeaniino?, a?i a?aeaea?
ia?aaaao iaueii?e oi?i? caieaaieiae?iiy, iaa?oioiaoth/e naith iiceoe?th
?noi?eei-nioe?aeueiei aiae?cii aeiiii?/ieo a?aeiinei ethaenoaa acaaae?
oa ?in?enueeiai noni?euenoaa cie?aia. Ieoaeeianueeee aaaaea?, ui any
iiia?aaeiy ?noi??y ethaenueei? oeea?e?caoe?? – oea ?icaeoie aeaio
oaiaeaioe?e ? aeaio noi??i ethaenueei? iniaenoino? – iniaeno?nii? ?
eieaeoea?nonueei?. Oea ai?ioueaa e ?aei?noue aeaio iniia – i?aaiaiiy aei
nioe?aeueii? ??aiino? oa ni?aaaaeeeaino? (eieaeoea?nonueea iniiaa) ?
iieeee aei ?iaeea?aeoaeueii? aaoiiii?? (i?eaaoia iniiaa). Oaea
ii?aeiaiiy a?i aaa/a? a iauei?.
I?e oeueiio Ieoaeeianueeee aecia/a? ? iaaeie?ee iaueie, ia?aaeaa/a? ??
iiaeaeueoa nioe?aeueia ?icoa?oaaiiy oa ?i. Aea i?e an?o ?? iaaeie?eao
a?i aaaaea?, ui e?aua, i?ae iaueia, ?ioa?ane “oeiinoaa”, iniae c
naeyinueeiai na?aaeiaeua, i?ooi a oeo oiiaao caoenoeoe ia ciiaea. Ia
ei?enoue iaueie a?i iaaiaeeoue oaeiae oae? a?aoiaioe, ye ?? aeaai?noue ?
ai?iiy aeaeeaaoe iaa?oue a oiiaao aeiaaeueieo eaoaee?ci?a, ui
ia??iaee/ii iio?ynaee neia’yinueeee na?o.
?ici??eiaoth/e i?i iiaeeea?noue (ia a?aei?io a?ae cao?aeieo e?a?i)
iaeai?oae?noe/iiai oeyoo ?icaeoeo ?in??, Ieoaeeianueeee, ii-ia?oa,
aa/eoue oeae oeyo ye iaeei c iiaeeeaeo, a ia ?aeeiee, iaieio/ee,
caaaeoth/e ia ia’?eoeai?noue i?ioean?a, ui a?aeaoaaeeny a noni?euenoa? –
i?ioean?a eai?oae?caoe??. Ii-ae?oaa, eai?oae?noe/iiio ?icaeoeo a eiai
i?onueeiio aa??aio?, ui aoa aeanoeaee ?in?? e Oe?a?i? oiai /ano, a?i
i?ioenoaaey? iaueio c ?? caieaaieiae?iiyi ye iaee?auo aeueoa?iaoeao, ai
ia aa/eoue ?ioeo. Ii-o?ao?, a?i ?ic?aoiao? ia iiaeieaiiy iaaeie?e?a
iaueie ? ?icaeiaiiy ?? e?aueo ?noi?e/ieo iaaeaaiue o
nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i?e noa?? aoooy ia?iaeo.
O o?aoueiio i?ae?icae?e? – “Iai?yiie ? oeyoe iie?oe/iiai ia?aoai?aiiy
noni?euenoaa” – aiae?cothoueny iiaeyaee a/aiiai ia ia?niaeoeae
iie?oe/iiai ?icaeoeo noni?euenoaa. I?iaeo iaeaooiueiai noni?euenoaa
Ieoaeeianueeee, ye ? a?eueo?noue eiai aecia/ieo no/aniee?a (?. O?aiei,
Eany Oe?a?iea, I. Aa?aey?a oa ?i.), ciaeueiao? ia aeaoaeueii, a
caaaeueieie “iaceaie”. ? oea c?icoi?ei. A?i ona?aeiieth?, ui ia iiaeia
ia?aaeaa/eoe cacaeaeaa?aeue eiie?aoi? aeaoaeuei? ia?aoai?aiiy (oea
ni?aaa oeo iieie?iue, ye? aoaeooue aeeoe a oeueiio noni?euenoa?), a
aeioe?euei?oa cai?iiiioaaoe na?e aa??aio ia?aoiaeo (c iaeiaioeie
aea?oaaie) aei iueiai.
O a?o/eciyi?e ? ca?oa?aei?e e?oa?aoo?? oe??ieeany aeoiea, ui oaeei
?aeaaeii o iueiai aoa nooi “naeyinueeee” nioe?ae?ci. Oea ia cian?i
a??ii, oi/a ?aoe?iiaeueia ca?ii ooo ?. Iiaeia i?eionoeoe, ui i?ioioeiii
oaeiai i?iaeoo Ieoaeeianueeee aaaaea? “?iaeea?aeoae?noe/iee nioe?ae?ci”
(nioe?ae?ci ?c “ethaenueeei iaee//yi”), i?e yeiio eieaeoea?nonuee?
ii/aoee ii?aeiothoueny c ?iaeea?aeoae?noe/ieie (i?eaaoieie),
aeiiiaithth/e ? caaaa/oth/e iaeia iaeiiai. ?aaeyinueea iaoea,
o?eiath/enue eeaniai? oai???, caaiaea oea aaeueie oe?iea iiiyooy o
“naeyinuee?” iaae?. I?ioa ieneeoaeue, oi?eath/enue ia?niaeoea ?icaeoeo
noni?eueii-iie?oe/iiai ono?ith, a?aoiao? ?ioa?ane on?o noai?a
noni?euenoaa, eiioeaio?oth/e oaaao ia naeyinoa? naia oiio, ui naeyinoai
neeaaeaei iniiaio iano ianaeaiiy, ? a?ae aeiiii?/iiai oa i?aaiaiai
caaacia/aiiy oiia eiai ?icaeoeo, caeaaeaa aeaaiono??e onueiai
noni?euenoaa ? aea?aeaae.
Ieoaeeianueeee ia a?aeeeaea? ?nioaaiiy o iaeaooiueiio aea?aeaae, oi/a,
caaaeath/e ia ?nioth/? aea?aeaae na?oo, eaae?o?eo? ?? ye cei aeey
o?oaeiai? ethaeeie. Iniiao iaeaooiuei? aea?aeaae a?i aaa/a? a iauei? ia
c?acie na?anueei? caae?oae (a?o?e?), ui aaco?oueny ia
?iaeea?aeoaeueii-noni?euei?e oi?i? aeaniino?, yea aeicaiey? a?aooaaoe
?ioa?ane iniae, ia iiaeeiaoe ?? eieaeoeaieie ?ioa?anaie. A?i ?aoo? ca
ia?iaeio, aeaiie?aoe/io aeaaeo c aeaiaioaie aioeaenieoaoaoi?nueeeie,
nioe?ae?noe/ieie, ui iino?eii ?icaeaathoueny, ca aeaaeo, yea nie?a?oueny
ia nithc ae?oaei?o o?oaeyueo eean?a . Eiai i?iiiceoe?? iieyaaee o
iinooiiaiio iaiaaeaii? aea?aeaae c aieo noni?euenoaa, ciaioaii? ??
ao?o/aiiy o ni?aae iaueie ? iniae.
Aoaeo/e aeaiie?aoe/ii i???ioiaaiei, ieneeoaeue iaiieyaaa ia oi?ioaaii?
i?aai?a aea?aeaaii? aeaaee oeyoii ia?aiiy ianaeaiiyi, i?aeca?oiino?
inoaiiueiio. Nioe?ae?ci a?i ia ieneea aac aeaiie?ao??, oi?aae?iiy
ia?iaeii ca aeiiiiiaith naiiai ia?iaeo.
Iaeiei ?c aieiaieo ao?eaoo?a aeaiie?ao?? a?i aaaaeaa i?e?iaeio
caeaoi?noue noni?euenoaa aei nioe?aeueiiai ie?o ? ceaaiaee, ?acoeueoaoii
/iai iiaeiii noaoe iinooiiaa ia?aai?aiiy a?ae/oaeaiiy ia?iaeo a?ae
aeaaee. Ni?iae o?eueee eiinoeoooe?eiei oeyoii iaiaaeeoe anaaeaaei?noue
aeiiii?/ii? ? iie?oe/ii? ae?oe, aaccaeiiiy ? naaa?eey aeaaee aaaaeaa
iaia?niaeoeaieie. Iaeio ?c aieiaieo i?e/ei o?aaeeoe?? aeeaieiai ?ic?eao
i?ae ia?iaeii ? aea?aeaaiith aeaaeith, ui ooaa?aeeeany a ?in??, a?i
aaa/aa o aaaaoia?/iiio ciaaaaeaii? c ?? aieo aei iaoa??aeueii? ?
aeooiaii? iio?aae ia?iaeo.
Ieoaeeianueeee ia oio?a, uia ?in?y iiaoi?eea oeyo ?icaeoeo ao?aeoacieo
e?a?i Caoiaeo. Aiae?c oai??a ieneeoaey aea? iiaeeea?noue i?eionoeoe, ui
a?i oyae?a aei ?anioae?eainueei? oi?ie i?aae?iiy, aea o?eueee ye aei
?aeaaeueii? aano?aeoe??. Iiaeeea?noue eiinoeoooe?eiiai ?aaeeio a ?in??
a?i oaeiae ?icaeyaeaa ye iie?oe/io ? th?eaee/io aano?aeoe?th.
Aiae?cothoueny oaeiae oeyoe aeinyaiaiiy nioe?ae?noe/ii? iaoe
(?aaiethoe?eiee /e aaiethoe?eiee), cai?iiiiiaai? Ieoaeeianueeei, eiai
noaaeaiiy aei i?iaeaie ?aaiethoe?? – ?? iaiao?aeiino?, oa?aeoa?o,
nooiino?, ca’yceo c noni?eueiei i?ia?anii. A?aecia/a?oueny, ui
iciaeiieaoenue ?c noiieie i?aenoieaie ?aaiethoe?e ia Caoiae?, ieneeoaeue
i?eoiaeeoue aei oaeeo aeniiae?a:
– ia?aoai?aiiy noni?euenoaa ?aaiethoe?eiei oeyoii – oea iiaeeeaee, aea
ia iaia’yceiaee aa??aio ?icaeoeo iiae?e o ?in??;
– ?aaiethoe?y – ia naiioe?eue, a o?eueee can?a aeinyaiaiiy iaoe –
nioe?aeueiiai aecaieaiiy ethaeeie;
– on? ?aaiethoe?? ca nai?th noooth ? iie?oe/ieie, ye? ia i?eaiaeyoue aei
nioe?aeueieo ia?aoai?aiue, oiio ui a ?aoo?-?aoo aeaaea ? aeani?noue
caeeoa?oueny o iaioino? noni?euenoaa;
– c iaeyaeo ia e?eaaa?, aei?noe? oi?ie ?? i?iyao, ?aaiethoe?eia
ia?aoai?aiiy noni?euenoaa iaaaaeaia, a?eueo ia?niaeoeaiei ?
aaiethoe?eiee oeyo.
Ni?inoiao?oueny oi/ea ci?o, aenoiooa a ?aaeyinuee? /ane, i?i i?aaiaiiy
Ieoaeeianueeiai aei ao?aeoacii? ?aaiethoe?? ? caia?a/aiiy iei
nioe?ae?noe/ii? ?aaiethoe??. O iueiai ia aoei e ia iiaei aooe a oie /an
/?oeiai ?iciaaeoaaiiy i?ae nooi?noth oeeo aeae?a ?aaiethoe?e.
O /aoaa?oiio i?ae?icae?e? – “Ieoaeeianueeee ? ia?eneci” – aiae?co?oueny
noaaeaiiy Ieoaeeianueeiai aei ia?enecio ye iaoeiai? oai???.
A?aei?/a?oueny, ui eiio aeanoeaee iaiaeiicia/iee ? a oe?eiio e?eoe/iee
i?aeo?ae aei ?? ioe?iee – a?ae iiceoeaiiai ni?eeiyooy aeayeeo aeaiaio?a
o 70-o? ??. aei ??cei? e?eoeee o 90-o? ??. Oaeee i?aeo?ae iaoiiaeaiee
iaoiaeieia?/ieie canaaeaie iaoeiaeo iiooe?a Ieoaeeianueeiai –
nioe?ieia?/iei iiceoea?ciii ? “?iaeea?aeoae?noe/iei nioe?ae?ciii”.
Aecia/ath/e, ui a iniia? on?o iie?oe/ieo, nioe?aeueieo, i?aaiaeo
i?ioean?a, ye? a?aeaoaathoueny o noni?euenoa?, eaaeeoue ia?aaaaeii
aeiiii?/iee /eiiee, a?i eaoaai?e/ii caia?a/o? ?yae ia?enenonueeeo ?aeae
? iieiaeaiue, a naia:
a) aaniethoecaoe?th aeiiii?/ieo /eiiee?a, iaaeiioe?ieo ?ioeo
(nioe?aeueieo, ineoieia?/ieo, iaoe?iiaeueieo, ?noi?e/ieo) oaeoi??a,
on??? ??ciiiai?oiino? noni?eueiiai aeeooy, i?iya?a noni?eueii?
na?aeiiino? oiui;
a) i?aeo?ae aei ethaeeie eeoa ye aei caniao aeinyaiaiiy iaoe, a oie /an
ye ethaeeia ? iaoa on?o ia?aoai?aiue ? ia? aooe iinoaaeaia ia /?eueia
i?noea a iaoeia?e oai???;
a) iani?eeiyooy ?ioeo eiioeaioe?e ?icaeoeo noni?eueieo yaeu ?
i?aoaiaeoaaiiy ia ?noeio a inoaii?e ?inoaioe??.
O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? – “I?iaeaie aea?aeaae ? i?aaa o oai?/ino? I.E.
Ieoaeeianueeiai ? aea?aeaaii-i?aaiaa ?icaoaeiaa no/anii? Oe?a?ie” –
oia?oa a iaooe? ?iaeoueny ni?iaa aeaoe aiae?c aea?aeaaii-i?aaiaiai
aniaeoo oai?/i? nea?aieoe? Ieoaeeianueeiai, aecia/eoe eiai iiaeyaee ia
?yae aeooaeueieo aeey naiai /ano i?iaeai aea?aeaae ? i?aaa, ye? iathoue
cia/aiiy e aeey nueiaiaeaiiy, eiee Oe?a?ia ia?aaeeaa? ?icaoaeia/?
i?ioeane. I?iiiio?oueny aaoi?nueeee iiaeyae ia i?iaeaie no/anii?
aea?aeaaii-i?aaiai? ?icaoaeiae Oe?a?ie o ca’yceo c aeooaeueieie ?aeayie
ieneeoaey.
O ia?oiio i?ae?icae?e? – “I?iaeaia noo?, iioiaeaeaiiy ? ooieoe?e
aea?aeaae” – ?ice?eoi iiaeyaee a/aiiai ia aea?aeaao, eiai ni?iae
aecia/eoe iiiyooy aea?aeaae, aeyaeoe eiai nooue, i?e/eie aeieeiaiiy,
nooi?iue a?aeiinii? naiino?eiino?, ooieoe?? oa ?io? iaeaaaeeea?o? ??
i?iyae. ?iaeoueny iaaiein ia oe?ii?ni?e iniaeeaino? aea?aeaaii-i?aaiaiai
aniaeoo eiai oai?/ino? – ia cina?aaeaeaii? oaaae ia i?iaeai?
aca?iia?aeiinei aea?aeaae ? iniae, aena?oeaii? on?o no?oeoo?ieo /anoei
iie?oeei-i?aaiai? iaoa??? /a?ac oi?ie ?o noaaeaiiy aei ethaenueei?
ae?yeueiino?.
Aeei?enoaiiy nenoaiii-no?oeoo?iiai iaoiaeo aeicaiey? ieneeoaeth
iia’ycaoe nooi?noue aea?aeaae c ?? ooieoe?yie ? ?ice?eoe ?o a eia?/i?e
iine?aeiaiino?. Iiae?eyth/e ooieoe?? aea?aeaae ia aioo??oi? (i?eai?/aiiy
ia?iaeo, ia?aaeon?i naeyinoaa; aeiiii?/iiai ?aaoethaaiiy noni?eueieo
a?aeiinei) ? ciai?oi? (aaaeaiiy a?eie c iaoith caoiieaiiy /oaeeo
oa?eoi??e; caoenoo aeanieo caiaeue a?ae ?iicaiieo caiao?a), a?i
a?aecia/a? ?o aca?iiaieea ? iaaiaeeoue i?eeeaaee, eiee ciai?oi? ooieoe??
ci?ithaaee aioo??oi?, aieeaaee ia caeaaeaeoaaiiy nioe?aeueieo eiioe?eo?a
o aea?aeaa?.
I.E. Ieoaeeianueeiio iaeaaeeoue caneoaa o iinoaiiaoe? ieoaiiy i?i
a?aeiinio naiino?ei?noue aea?aeaae, yea ae??oo?oueny iei /a?ac
aena?oeaiiy aioo??oi?o ? ciai?oi?o ooieoe?e, iicaaaeaieo nooi eeaniaiai
oa?aeoa?o. A?i i?aee?aneth?, ui, iacaaaeath/e ia iayai?noue caeaaeiino?
aea?aeaaii? aeaaee a?ae aie? aeiiii?/ii aeii?ioth/i? /anoeie
noni?euenoaa, aea?aeaaa ia aac aeiiiiiae caeiio caaacia/o? ?nioaaiiy
noni?euenoaa ye oaeiai, aeeiio? “caaaeuei? ni?aae” (ai?ioueaa c?
noeo?eieie eeoaie, cei/eii?noth, ai?aeai?yie, ciai?oi?ie ai?iaaie ?
o.i.). Ianooaae ?o iathoue iaae?, ye? aecia/athoueny caeaaei?noth
?nioaaiiy aea?aeaaii? aeaaee a?ae aeeiiaiiy oeeo ni?aa.
Naiiaea?aeaanoai, i?aee?aneth? Ieoaeeianueeee, aeeiio? “caaaeuei?
ni?aae” iano?eueee, iane?eueee ?o aeeiiaiiy aea? iiaeeea?noue caa?aaoe
aea?aeaaio aeaaeo, ia oneeaaeithaaoe noaiiaeua a e?a?i? aae oaacia/eoe
aea?aeaao a?ae iiaeeeaeo aioo??oi?o (nioe?aeueieo) ? ciai?oi?o
eaoaee?ci?a.
I?eae?eaii niaoe?aeueio oaaao iiaeyaeai Ieoaeeianueeiai ia iioiaeaeaiiy
aea?aeaae, ine?eueee a ?aaeyinuee?e ? no/ani?e ?noi?eei-i?aaia?e
e?oa?aoo?? ? ??cia o?aeooaaiiy oeueiai ieoaiiy. Aaoi?ii ni?inoiaothoueny
oaa?aeaeaiiy, ui Ieoaeeianueeee ? i?ea?/ieeii iao??a?oaeueii?, a oei
a?eueoa oaoiie?aoe/ii? oai??? iioiaeaeaiiy aea?aeaae, aeiaiaeeoueny, ui
eiai eiioeaioe?y ? aeeaeoe/iith. Caiice/oth/e ? ii?aeioth/e aeaiaioe
ia?enenonueei?, iao??a?oaeueii?, ineoieia?/ii? oai??e ? oai???
caaithaaiue i?e iiyniaii? i?e/ei iioiaeaeaiiy aea?aeaae, Ieoaeeianueeee
a?aeaea? ia?aaaao iao?eiii?aeuei?e oai???.
Oeaio?aeueia i?noea a ?? ?icae?e? caeia? ae?oaee i?ae?icae?e –
“I?iaeaia i?aa ? naiaiae.” Oe?e?nia, aa?iii?eia ? a?eueia iniaeno?noue
noi?oue o oeaio?? nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/ieo, i?aaiaeo ? aoe/ieo oyaeaiue
I.E. Ieoaeeianueeiai. “Ethaeeia aeey ethaeeie, ana aeey ethaeeie ” –
ienaa a?i o noaoo? “Eenoe i?i i?aaaeo ? iai?aaaeo”. Ioe?ieo ae?yeueiino?
aea?aeaaieo ? i?aaiaeo ?inoeooo?a, i?ia?ai iie?oe/ieo ia?o?e a?i
noaaeoue o caeaaei?noue a?ae oiai, ye aiie i?aoeththoue ia ei?enoue
ethaeeie, ?? naiaiaee. Ieoaeeianueeee ?icoi?a nioe?aeueio naiaiaeo ye
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy aeaio aca?iiiia’ycaieo noi??i – naiaiaee noni?euenoaa e
naiaiaee iniae. Ni?aaaaeeea?noue, ii?aeue, i?aai, naiaiaea ye oe?ii?ni?
eaoaai??? ia iiaeooue ooaa?aeeoeny a noni?euenoa?, yeui aiie ia
ci???ioiaai? ia ie?aio iniao. O?eueee i?e iayaiino? a?eueieo ?iaeea?ae?a
iiaea aooe a?eueia noni?euenoai, ai noni?euenoai, ca neiaaie
Ieoaeeianueeiai, “…? ia i?aai?ci, a noeoii?noue iaiiae?eueieo
i?aai?ci?a”.
Na?aae ??cieo aeae?a i?aa ethaeeie Ieoaeeianueeee noaaeoue ia ia?oa
i?noea nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/i?, aeoeaioo? oaaao ia aaaeeeaino? oaeeo i?aa
? naiaiae, ye i?aai ia aeeooy, iaaeioi?eai?noue iniae, i?aai ia
aeani?noue ? o. ?i. Oe? i?aaa a?i aaaaea? i?e?iaeaeaieie ? i?e?iaeieie,
aei ?ioeo a?i i?aeoiaeeoue ye aei eiie?aoii-?noi?e/ieo yaeu. I?aaa ?
naiaiaee iei ia ieneeeeny aac a?aeiia?aeieo aa?aio?e. Ieoaeeianueeee
noaa?aeaeoaaa, ui a ?aoo?-?aoo “…ni?aaa ia a i?eioeei? naiaiaee, a o
eiai cae?eniaii?, ia a i?aa?, a iiaeeeaino? ei?enooaaoeny iei”. O
na?iiaa?e noaoo? nai?o “E?oa?aoo?ieo cai?oie” (ca 1880 a.) a?i, cie?aia,
ieoa, ui naiaiaea aeoiee ? neiaa iaiiaeeeaa aac iniaenoi?
iaaeioi?eaiino?, a “iniaenoa iaaeioi?eai?noue iio?aao? aa?aio?e”.
Naiaiaea iniae o?nii iia’ycoaaeany Ieoaeeianueeei c i?iaeaiith
iaoe?iiaeueii? naiaiaee, yeo a?i ?icaeyaeaa ye /anoeio i?iaeaie
iie?oe/ii? naiaiaee. Inoaiiy, o naith /a?ao, ia ?icoi?eany aac naiaiaee
nioe?aeueii?.
O o?aoueiio i?ae?icae?e? – “I?iaeaia cei/eio ? iiea?aiiy” – ?icaeyiooi
e?ei?iaeueii-i?aaia? iiaeyaee Ieoaeeianueeiai ia oii? aeyniaiiy
?icoi?iiy iei i?aaa, eiai nooiino?, aca?iia?aeiinei c aeiiii?eith ?
iie?oeeith. Ieneeoaeue a?aeiineoue i?aai aei nioe?aeueiiai iaaeaaiiy,
yea, ii?yae ?c aeeiiaiiyi “caaaeueieo ni?aa”, caeiaoaa? a aea?aeaa?
eeaniao ni?yiiaai?noue /a?ac nenoaio ii?i, ui ae?aaeathoue ?ioa?ane
iaioino? noni?euenoaa.
Caneoaa Ieoaeeianueeiai iieyaa? a oiio, ui o niaoe?aeuei?e i?aoe?
“Cei/ei ? iiea?aiiy” e?ei?iaeueia i?aai oeoia/eoueny iei o o?niiio
ca’yceo c aeiiii?eith, iie?oeeith, nioe?aeueiei na?aaeiaeuai. A?i
iaiieyaa? ia oiio, ui iaoea e?ei?iaeueiiai i?aaa iiaeiia aea/aoe
ianaiia?aae cei/ei ? eiai i?e/eie, a ia iiea?aiiy, a?ae /iai iaiieaaeeai
a?aeiiaeyeenue ao?aeoaci? a/ai?: “Ie ae?enii iaei caeia?iinue cei/eiii,
aea ia oiio, ui eiai o ian iaia?, a oiio, ui ie aeoaea noa?aiii
caeia?iinue iiea?aiiyi”. Ieoaeeianueeee ia?aaeaa/a?, ui eiaeia /ania
ethaeeia i?ney iciaeiieaiiy c e?ei?iaeueiith iie?oeeith oea?nueeiai
naiiaea?aeaanoaa (iiiyooy “i?aaiaa iie?oeea” iei oe?iei
aeei?enoiao?oueny) c ?? aioeia?iaeiith, aioeaoiaiiith ni?yiiaai?noth
caeiiii??ii iiaeiia noaoe ia a?e i?eai?/aieo ? aenooieoe i?ioe
?nioth/iai iie?oe/iiai ?aaeeio, ? ioaea iiianoe o /enei ii?ooiee?a
“ii?yaeeo” ? “niieith”, oiaoi “cei/eioe?a”.
Ieneeoaeue aeaco? ia iaiao?aei?noue aea/aoe cei/ei ye nioe?aeueia, a ia
o?eueee i?aaiaa yaeua, aee?eaa? i?e/eie cei/eiiino?, i?aeaea? ??ce?e
e?eoeoe? ?nioth/? iaoiaee ai?ioueae c? cei/eii?noth ca iaaei??io
aei?noie?noue, aiae?co? aieea nia?oii? ea?e ia cieaeaiiy ??aiy
cei/eiiino?, iaoo iiea?aiiy aaa/a? a onoiaii? “ai?iaeeo” ethaeei? nee
(nioe?aeueieo, aeiiii?/ieo, iie?oe/ieo), i?ae aieeaii yeeo a?i neith?
cei/ei.
Noaaeaiiy Ieoaeeianueeiai aei nia?oii? ea?e ?icaeyiooi o ca’ycoe? c
no/anieie i?aeoiaeaie aei oe??? i?iaeaie, ye? i?eoaiaii? oe?a?inueeiio
noni?euenoao ? aea?aeaae, ui oa?eoea aei ?aaee ?a?iie.
Aaoi?ii cina?aaeaeaii oaaao ia i?ia?aneaieo aeinyaiaiiyo Ieoaeeianueeiai
a iaoiaeieia?? aea/aiiy ? aecia/aii? iiiyoue e?ei?iaeueiiai i?aaa
(oi?ioethaaiiy iiiyoue cei/eio ? iiea?aiiy, noa’?eoeaii? noi?iie,
iiiyooy iainoaeiino? a ii?aeiaii? iaaee/ieo ? th?eaee/ieo e?eoa???a
oiui), aeacaii ia ie?ai? aeaee cei/ei?a (eaciie?aaenoai, caaaeooaaiiy oa
?i.), ye? noaee i?aaeiaoii eiai niaoe?aeueiiai aea/aiiy ? ia ao?aoeee
aeooaeueiino? a iao? aei?.
Ieoaeeianueeee ?iaeoue iaaiein ia aaaeeeaino? oa iaiao?aeiino?
ni?aaaaeeeai? ? aoiaiii? i?aaioai?/ino? oa th?enaeeeoe??, ia caeaoiino?
ethaeeie, yea cae?enith? i?aainoaeaey, iinoaaeoe naaa ia i?noea
i?aenoaeiiai, “ia?aaeeaaoe aeoieith /oaea aeeooy”. A?i ia ieneea i?aaa
aac ii?ae?, i?aaicanoiniaoaa/a – aac ni?aaaaeeeaino? oa aoiaiiino?,
aaaaeaa, ui a oiiaao naiiaea?aeaaiiai naaa?eey ii?aeue iiaea
?aae?coaaoeny o i?aa? o?eueee /a?ac aenieiii?aeueiiai noa’?eoa
i?aaicanoinia/i? ae?yeueiino?. Ia aa/a/e ?ioi? iiaeeeaino?
“oaeineiiaeeoe” ?nioth/a i?aai ?iaeoa ye oeyoii aea?aeaaii?
caeiiioai?/ino?, Ieoaeeianueeee i?eionea? “i?eioniaa” ao?eaiiy o i?aa?
“iaaiiai i?i?ioio aeia?a ? ii?ae?” ca aeiiiiiaith aea?aeaae a ?ioa?anao
naeyinoaa (iai?eeeaae, caeiiiaeaa/a cae??ieaiiy iaueie). E?euee?noue
“aeia?a” ? “ii?ae?” a i?aa? o Ieoaeeianueeiai ?ooiia, a?ae “i?i?ioio”
aei “iaeneioio”, eiee e?euee?noue ia?aoiaeeoue o ye?noue, ? ii?aeue noa?
aieiaiei i?eioeeiii i?aaa.
O /aoaa?oiio i?ae?icae?e? – “Ieoaeeianueeee ? i?iaeaie
aea?aeaaii-i?aaiai? ?icaoaeiae no/anii? Oe?a?ie” – i?iaaaeaii ia?aeaeue
i?ae e?ioeai O1O (eiee aeea ? oai?ea Ieoaeeianueeee) ? e?ioeai OO
noie?ooy (eiee ?ioa?i?aoothoueny eiai iiaeyaee) o ieai? aeooae?caoe??
i?iaeai aea?aeaae ? i?aaa, ui noaee i?aaeiaoii aiae?co Ieoaeeianueeiai ?
aeaiiai aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy. O i?ae?icae?e? i?aaenoaaeaii
aaoi?nueeo eiioeaioe?th ioe?iee no/aniiai nioe?aeueii-aeiiii?/iiai,
iie?oe/iiai ? i?aaiaiai noaio a Oe?a?i? oa aa??aio?a iai?yieo ?? ?ooo.
C?iaeaii ni?iao ioe?ieoe no/aniee noai oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae,
a?aeiia?aei?noue eiai eeane/iei iciaeai aecia/aiiy aea?aeaae
(oai?aoe/iee aniaeo), ia?aaeaa/eoe ?? iiaeaeueoee ?icaeoie (i?aeoe/iee
aniaeo).
I?e aiae?c? aoai?a ? a?aeiia?aeieo iei ??ai?a noaiiaeaiiy oe?a?inueei?
aea?aeaaiino? cai?iiiiiaaii aaanoe aei iaoeiaiai ia?ao iiiyooy
ooieoe?iiaeueiiai ??aiy. Iaa?oioiaaii iaoeiao ? i?aeoe/io
aeioe?euei?noue ?iciaaeiaoaaoe iiiyooy “aia?ao aea?aeaae” ? “iaoai?ci
aea?aeaae”, ia ioioiaeithth/e ?o, ye oea ?iaeoueny ?yaeii no/anieo
o/aieo. Iiaeaii aaoi?nueea aa/aiiy iaiao?aeiino? iineeaiiy
eii?aeeioth/i? ?ie? aea?aeaae a no/aniee eiie?aoii-?noi?e/iee ia??iae,
oe?eani?yiiaaia ia?aoai?aiiy aea?aeaae (o a?aeiia?aeiino? c iiaeaeeth
i?aaiai? aea?aeaae) ?c cia?yaeaey cae?eniaiiy iie?oeee o?eueee iaioino?
noni?euenoaa o can?a caoenoo ethaeeie a?ae iaaacia/ieo aeey ia?
iie?oe/ieo eii’thieoo?ieo eieeaaiue. Aeneiaeaii aeoieo uiaei
i?aaii??iino? aecia/aiiy no/anii? oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaae ye i?aaiai?,
aeaiie?aoe/ii? ? nioe?aeueii-ni?yiiaaii?, e i?iaiae?ciaaii
ia?niaeoeai?noue ae?yeueiino? nenoaie i?aai?a IAN oa ?ioeo
i?aaiioi?iiieo i?aai?a o iai?yieo ae??oaiiy nioe?aeueieo eiioe?eo?a
ia?ao?aeiiai ia??iaeo.
O “Cae?i/aii?” i?aeaaaeaii i?aenoiee aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe, iniiai? c
ieo oae?:
– aia?oa aeine?aeaeaii i?iaeaie aea?aeaae ? i?aaa (noo?, iioiaeaeaiiy,
ooieoe?e aea?aeaae, i?aa ? naiaiae ethaeeie, cei/eio ? iiea?aiiy oiui) a
oai?/?e niaaeuei? I.E.Ieoaeeianueeiai o o?niiio ca’yceo c eiai
aeiiii?/ieie ? iie?oe/ieie iiaeyaeaie; aecia/aii, ui a oeaio?? oai?/eo
iiooe?a ieneeoaey ? iniaa;
– iieacaii, ui I.E.Ieoaeeianueeee aaa/a? a iauei? aeoiee iaeaooiueiai
aeeooy, aea, ia a?aei?io a?ae i?oiaeienaeueieo ia?iaeiee?a, iaaea?
?noioiiai cia/aiiy ?ie? naiino?eiiai ae?iaieea, eiai ?iaeea?aeoaeueii?
aaoiiii??;
– anoaiiaeaii, ui I.I.Ieoaeeianeee, aeineiiaei aea/eaoe iaaaoeai?
iane?aeee ?aaiethoe?? ia Caoiae?, a?eueoa noeey?oueny aei aaiethoe?eiiai
?icaeoeo noni?euenoaa ia oeyoo eiai aeaiie?aoecaoe??, ciaioaiiy ?ic?eao
i?ae ia?iaeii ? aea?aeaaiith aeaaeith;
– a?aeaeath/e iaeaaeia cia/aiith aeiiii?/iiai /eiieea o noni?eueieo
i?ioeanao, a/aiee e?eoe/ii noaaeoueny aei ?yaeo ia?enenonueeeo ?aeae;
– ne?ae i?aee?aneeoe, ui, ?icaeyaeath/e nooiino? aea?aeaae,
Ieoaeeianueeee aecia/a? ?? aeaa aniaeoe – eeaniaee ?
caaaeueiinioe?aeueiee (“caaaeuei? ni?aae”), /ei ia?aaoeo?oueny c
no/aniei oai?aoe/iei i?aeoiaeii aei oe??? i?iaeaie.
A aeena?oaoe?? noi?ioeueiaaii oa ?io? aeniiaee.
Nienie ?ia?o, iioae?eiaaieo ca oaiith aeena?oaoe??.
1. I?ienoiaeaeaiea, nouiinoue ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa a ?aaioao I.E.
Ieoaeeianeiai //*aeiaa/aneee oaeoi? a iiauoaiee yooaeoeaiinoe
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia: Iaoa?eaeu iaaeaeoia?iaeiie
iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneie eiioa?aioeee. – Eoaaine: ?EI EEAAe IAAe, 1995. –
n.21-23.
2. Ia iaeiii ec oneiaee aa?aioee i?aa e naiaiae /aeiaaea //Aeooaeueiua
i?iaeaiu iiaeaioiaee niaoeeaeenoia aeey nenoaiu IAAe: Iaoa?eaeu
iao/ii-iaoiaee/aneie eiioa?aioeee. – Eoaaine: ?EI EEAAe IAAe, 1996. –
n.35-37.
3. Enoi/ieee (oi?iu) i?aaa //Ainoaea?noaaiii-i?aaiaua aeenoeeieeiu:
Iaoiaee/aneea iaoa?eaeu aeey naiinoiyoaeueiiai eco/aiey. -Eoaaine: ?EI
EEAAe IAAe, 1996. – n.17-35.
4. I?iaeaia i?aa e naiaiae a ?aaioao I.E. Ieoaeeianeiai //Oai?/aneia
ianeaaeea I.E. Iiaai?iaeoeaaa (e 130-eaoeth ni aeiy ?iaeaeaiey) e
aeooaeueiua i?iaeaiu iino?iaiey i?aaiaiai ainoaea?noaa a Oe?aeia:
Iaaeaocianeay iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneay eiioa?aioeey. – Eoaaine: ?EI EEAAe
IAAe, 1996. – n.49-52.
5. I i?iaeaia ioiineoaeueiie naiinoiyoaeueiinoe ainoaea?noaa a ?aaioao
I.E. Ieoaeeianeiai //Iaaeaocianeee nai?iee iao/iuo noaoae, iinayuaiiuo
75-eaoeth ENOE. – Eoaaine, 1996. – n.99-101.
6. Eaeae I.E. Ieoaeeianeiai i ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa e nia?aiaiiinoue:
Iiiia?aoey. – Eoaaine: ?EI EEAAe IAAe, 1998. – 113 n.
7. I?iaeaia i?aa ? naiaiae a i?aoeyo I.E. Ieoaeeianueeiai //A?niee
Eoaainueeiai ?inoeoooo aioo??oi?o ni?aa. – ? 1. – Eoaainuee : ?AA E?AN
IAN, 1998. – n.60-68.
8. ?ieue ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa a ?ac?aoaiee eiioeeeoia ia?aoiaeiiai
ia?eiaea e ia?niaeoeau ?acaeoey Oe?aeiu a iai?aaeaiee aoiaiecia //
*aeiaae, a?aiy, aoiaieci.- Eoaaine : Na?oeeoey, 1998. – n.188-201.
9. Aea?aeaaii-i?aaia? iiaeyaee I.E. Ieoaeeianueeiai // Aeooaeuei?
i?iaeaie no/anii? iaoee a aeine?aeaeaiiyo iieiaeeo a/aieo . – Aei.5-6.
– Oa?e?a : ?AA OAN IAN “Iniiaa”, 1998. – n.53-60.
Eaa/aieia I.?. I?iaeaie aea?aeaae ? i?aaa o oai?/?e niaaeuei? I.E.
Ieoaeeianueeiai ? no/ani?noue. – ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy a/aiiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa th?eaee/ieo iaoe
ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 12.00.01 – oai??y aea?aeaae ? i?aaa; ?noi??y
iie?oe/ieo ? i?aaiaeo a/aiue. – Oi?aa?neoao aioo??oi?o ni?aa, Oa?e?a,
1998.
O aeai?e aeena?oaoe?? aia?oa o a?o/eciyi?e th?eaee/i?e iaooe? c?iaeaii
ni?iao eiiieaeniiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iaea?eueo aeooaeueieo i?iaeai
aea?aeaae oa i?aaa a i?aoeyo iaeiiai c aeaeaoieo ieneeoae?a O?O no. I.E.
Ieoaeeianueeiai. Cie?aia, ?icaeyiooi ieoaiiy iioiaeaeaiiy, noo? ?
ooieoe?e aea?aeaae oa i?aaa, aca?iia?aeiinei aea?aeaae ? iniae, i?aa ?
naiaiae ethaeeie, ?o aa?aio?e, ie?ai? iieiaeaiiy e?ei?iaeueii-i?aaiai?
iaoee, iiiyooy cei/eio ? iiea?aiiy. Aea?aeaaii-i?aaia? iiaeyaee I.E.
Ieoaeeianueeiai i?iaiae?ciaaii ia oii? aeinyaiaiue a?o/eciyii?
iie?oeei-i?aaiai? aeoiee O?O no. ? a o?niiio ca’yceo c no/ani?noth.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: aea?aeaaa, i?aai, nioe?ae?noe/ia noni?euenoai, iniaa,
iaueia, iaueiia aeani?noue, ?aaiethoe?y, cei/ei, iiea?aiiy.
Eaa/aieia A.E. I?iaeaiu ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa a oai?/aneii ianeaaeee
I.E.Ieoaeeianeiai e nia?aiaiiinoue. – ?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa th?eaee/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 12.00.01. – oai?ey e enoi?ey ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa;
enoi?ey iieeoe/aneeo e i?aaiauo o/aiee, – Oieaa?neoao aioo?aiieo aeae,
Oa?ueeia, 1998.
A aeaiiie aeenna?oaoeee aia?aua a ioa/anoaaiiie th?eaee/aneie iaoea
i?aaei?eiyoa iiiuoea eiiieaeniiai enneaaeiaaiey iaeaieaa aeooaeueiuo
i?iaeai ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa a o?oaeao iaeiiai ec auaeathueony
iuneeoaeae O?O aaea I.E. Ieoaeeianeiai. A /anoiinoe, ?anniio?aiu aii?inu
i?ienoiaeaeaiey, nouiinoe e ooieoeee ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa,
acaeiiioiioaiey ainoaea?noaa e ee/iinoe, i?aa e naiaiae /aeiaaea, eo
aa?aioee, ioaeaeueiua iieiaeaiey oaieiaii-i?aaiaie iaoee, iiiyoey
i?anooieaiey e iaeacaiey. Ainoaea?noaaiii-i?aaiaua acaeyaeu I.E.
Ieoaeeianeiai i?iaiaeece?iaaiu ia oiia aeinoeaeaiee ioa/anoaaiiie
iieeoeei-i?aaiaie iunee O1O aaea e a oaniie nayce n nia?aiaiiinoueth.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: ainoaea?noai, i?aai, nioeeaeenoe/aneia iauanoai,
ee/iinoue, iaueia, iaueiiay nianoaaiiinoue, ?aaiethoeey, i?anooieaiea,
iaeacaiea.
Levchenkov A.I. The problems of state and law in creative legacy of
Mikhaylovsky N.K. and modernity. – Typescript.
Thesis for a Candidate of Law’s degree by profession line 12.00.01-
theory of state and law, history of political and legal doctrine. –
University of Internal Affairs Kharkiv, 1998.
In presented thesis first in the science of our country it was
undertaken the attempt to do complex research of the most urgent
problems in the field of state and law in the studies of one of the
most outstanding thinkers of XIX th century Mikhaylovsky N.K. In
particular it was observed the points of origin, essence and functions
of state and law, relations between state and freedoms of person, their
guarantees, some statements of criminal and law science, the concepts of
crime and punishment. Materials of this study were given in close
relation with modernity.
Key words: state, law, social society, person, community, common
property, revolution, crime, punishment.
A?aeiia?aeaeueiee ca aeione eaiae. th?eae. iaoe,
ia/aeueiee eaoaae?e oai??? oa ?noi??? aea?aeaae ? i?aaa
Oi?aa?neoaoo aioo??oi?o ni?aa E.I.Caeoeaa
I?aei. aei ae?oeo 25.12.98. Iai?? ionaoiee. Oi?iao 60o90/16.
Ae?oe ionaoiee. Oi. ae?oe. a?e. 1,0. Iae.-aeae a?e. 1,0
Iaeeaae 100 i?ei. Caiiae. ?175.
?aaeaeoe?eii-aeaeaaie/ee a?aeae?e
Eoaainueeiai ?inoeoooo aioo??oi?o ni?aa IAN Oe?a?ie
Ae?oea?iy ?AA E?AN
348902, Eoaainuee, nae. THa?eaeia, aoe. E. Ia?ena,4
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