OA?E?ANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE IAAeAAIA?*IEE OI?AA?NEOAO
?I. A.N. NEIAI?IAeE
Iaa?ioeueea ??eia A?eoi??aia
OAeE 801.3;001.4-801.56
NEIAA ? O?ACAIE ?IN?ENUeEI? IIAE IA
IICIA*AIIss ?IOAEAEOOAEUeIEO ssEINOAE ETHAeEIE
(iiiian?ieia?/iee oa naian?ieia?/iee aniaeoe)
10.02.02. – ?IN?ENUeEA IIAA
AAOI?AOA?AO
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa o?eieia?/ieo iaoe
Oa?e?a – 1998
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.
?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? iiaiciaanoaa Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo
?i. A.N.Neiai?iaee, I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee -aeieoi? o?eieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? eaoaae?e
iiaiciaanoaa Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo
?i.A.N.Neiai?iaee
IAEAIAE*AIEI Ethaeieea Ieeiea?aia
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe -aeieoi? o?eieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?,
i?i?aeoi? c iaoeiai? ?iaioe E??iaia?aaenueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo
IAIAE?I Aieiaeeie? Ieeieaeiae/
-eaiaeeaeao o?eieia?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio eaoaae?e ?in?enueei? iiae
Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo
EAAEONUeEEE Aieiaeeie? Aaneeueiae/
I?ia?aeia i?aai?caoe?y -Aeiiaoeueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao,
eaoaae?a ?in?enueei? iiae. I?i?noa?noai
ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i.Aeiiaoeuee
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 21 n?/iy 1999?ieo i 15 aiae ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 64.053.03 o Oa?e?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio
iaaeaaia?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ?i.A.N.Neiai?iaee (310168, i.Oa?e?a,
aoe.Aethoa?a, 2), aoae. ?406
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? Oa?e?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i.A.N.Neiai?iaee (aoe.Aethoa?a, 2)
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 16 a?aeiy1998 ?ieo
O/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee _____________I.A.IEAENAIEI
1
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
O aeena?oaoe?? aeine?aeaeothoueny a iiiian?ieia?/iiio oa
naian?ieia?/iiio aniaeoao neiaa oa o?acaie ?in?enueei? iiae, ye?
oa?aeoa?ecothoue ?ioaeaeooaeuei? yeino? ethaeeie.
AEOOAEUeI?NOUe OAIE coiiaeaia oei, ui a no/aniiio iiaiciaanoa? aeoeaii
?ic?iaey?oueny i?iaeaia iniaeeainoae a?aeia?aaeaiiy ?aaeueii? ea?oeie
na?oo a iia?. Aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaieo iaeeieoeue a iiiian?ieia?/iiio oa
naian?ieia?/iiio aniaeoao aaciina?aaeiuei iia’ycaii c oe??th i?iaeaiith:
iiiian?ieia?/iee aniaeo aeicaiey? aeyaeoe iniaeeaino? iicia/aiiy a?ae
?aaeueiiai na?oo aei iiae, a naian?ieia?/iee – a?ae iiae aei ?aaeueiiai
na?oo.
Aeey ae??oaiiy i?iaeaie ni?aa?aeiioaiiy eiioeaiooaeueii? iiaeae? na?oo ?
iiaii? iiaeae? na?oo iaiao?aeia aeeaiea aeine?aeaeaiiy niaoeeo?ee
a?aeia?aaeaiiy ae?eniino? ??cieie iiaieie iaeeieoeyie. Oaea
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeiiiiiaea yni?oa iiaa/eoe aca?iica’ycie iiiyoo?aeo ?
iiaieo eaoaai??e, eia?/i? ? aeania iiai? aniaeoe ??cieo iiaieo
iaeeieoeue, niaoeeo?eo ?o naiaioeee, ui ni?ey? a?eueo aeeaie?e ?ic?iaoe?
oai??? cia/aiiy ne?a ? o?acai acaaae?.
Ieoaiiy i?i iniaeeaino? a?aeia?aaeaiiy iiaii? iiaeae? na?oo o eaene/i?e
nenoai? ? i?aaeiaoii aeine?aeaeaiiy aaaaoueio a/aieo. Cacia/aio i?iaeaio
aea/aee A.A.A?ooyi, E.I.Aaneeue?a, ?.I. Aaen?ia, A.A. Ii?eiae?i, TH.I.
Ea?aoeia, AE.I. Nieieianueea oa ?i.
C’yaeeeny o iaoeia?e e?oa?aoo?? ?iaioe, iia’ycai? c ?aeaia?ao?/iei
iienii o?acaieia?ci?a. Oeae aniaeo a?aeia?aaeaiee a i?aoeyo
?.?.ss?aioeaaa, A.I. Ai??iai?, TH.I. Nieiaeoaa ia iaoa??ae? ?in?enueei?
iiae, TH.O.I?aae?aea ia iaoa??ae? oe?a?inueei? iiae.
Caaaeueiiaeciaiith ? aeoiea i?i oa, ui aeine?aeaeaiiy an???
nenoaie iiaea aooe oni?oiei o?eueee i?e ?aoaeueiiio aiae?c? ie?aieo
i?e?inenoai. sse ieoa AE.I. Nieieianueea, i?eeoia /an aii?yaeeoaaiiy
ciaiue oa aeaoaeueii? ?ic?iaee a?aeia?aaeaiiy ie?aieo o?aaiaio?a
ae?eniino? a iia?.
Iiaiciaanoai inoaiiueiai aeanyoe??//y a?aecia/a?oueny oaiaeaioe??th aei
aea/aiiy ie?aieo o?aaiaio?a ae?eniino?, ui oe?eeii caeiiii??ii.
I?ioa iiai? caniae ?iaioaaiiy ? a?aeia?aaeaiiy ?ioaeaeooaeueieo
yeinoae ethaeeie aea/ai? iaaeinoaoiuei. *anoeiai oeeo
ieoaiue oi?eaeeny
2
AE.I.Nieieianueea, A.I. Ai??iaa, I. Iaaciaa, A.N. Uai?ia.
I?ioa iniaeeaino? a?aeia?aaeaiiy ?ioaeaeooaeueieo yeinoae ethaeeie
eiiieaenii iaeeieoeue iiaii? nenoaie ua ia aeine?aeaeoaaeeny i? ia
iaoa??ae? ?in?enueei?, i? ia iaoa??ae? ?ioeo iia. Ia c’yniaaii
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ne?a oa o?acai ia iicia/aiiy ?ioaeaeooaeueieo yeinoae,
niaoeeo?eo naiaioeee iaeeieoeue eiaeii? ?c a?oi, ye? eiie?aoi? yeino? /e
?o a?aeo?iee a?aeia?aaeai? neiaaie, ye? o?acaieia?ciaie, a ye?
i?ene?a’yie.
Aea iiaia oyaeaiiy i?i oa, ye a?aeia?aaea?oueny ae?eni?noue o iia?,
iiaeia iaea?aeaoe, o?eueee i?iaiae?coaaaoe an? iaeeieoe?. Uia oea
c?iaeoe, iaiao?aeii a?oio iaeeieoeue ??cieo i?aenenoai, ia’?aeiaieo
ni?euei?noth naiaioeee, o eiiieaen? i?aeaeaoe aiae?co a
iiiian?ieia?/iiio ? naian?ieia?/iiio aniaeoao.
C o?aooaaiiyi aeeeaaeaiiai aoee noi?ioeueiaai? iaoa oa caaaeaiiy oe???
?iaioe.
IAOA AeINE?AeAEAIIss – aeyaeaiiy iiiian?ieia?/ieo ? naian?ieia?/ieo
iniaeeainoae eiiieaenii? a?oie iaeeieoeue, ye? iicia/athoue
?ioaeaeooaeuei? yeino? ethaeeie.
Aeey aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe iaiao?aeii ?ica’ycaoe oae? CAAAeAIIss:
1. Aeyaeoe iniaeeaino? a?aeia?aaeaiiy ?ioaeaeooaeueieo yeinoae ethaeeie
a eaene/i?e nenoai? iiae.
2. Aecia/eoe niaoeeo?eo a?aeia?aaeaiiy o?aaiaioa ae?eniino?
“?ioaeaeooaeuei? yeino? ethaeeie” a naiaioeoe? o?acaieia?/ieo cai?io?a.
3. Aeyaeoe oa?aeoa? a?aeia?aaeaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?? i?i ?ioaeaeooaeuei?
yeino? ethaeeie a naiaioeoe? i?ene?a’?a.
4. ?ic?iaeoe o?aaiaio eiiieaeniiai ?aeaia?ao?/iiai neiaieea iiaieo
iaeeieoeue “?ioaeaeooaeuei? yeino? ethaeeie”.
IA’?EO AIAE?CO – eiiieaenia naiaioe/ia a?oia iiaieo iaeeieoeue ia
iicia/aiiy ?ioaeaeooaeueieo yeinoae ethaeeie. sse iaoa??ae aeey aiae?co
aoei aeei?enoaii 135 i?eeiaoiee?a, 65 o?acaieia?ci?a ? iiiaae 300
i?ene?a’?a ?in?enueei? iiae, ye? iienothoue o?aaiaio ae?eniino?
“?ioaeaeooaeuei? yeino? ethaeeie”.
Aeaea?aeii IAOA??AEO aeey aiae?co noaee oeoia/i? neiaieee :
Neiaiee ?in?enueei? iiae o 4-o oiiao, Neiaiee ?in?enueei?
iiae N.?.Iaeaaiaa, Neiaiee o?acaieia?ci?a ?in?enueei? iiae
A.?.Iieioeiaa, ca??ieee i?ene?a’?a oa i?eeacie A.
Aeaey, A.I. Ia?oeiiai?,
3
A.A.Ieo?ioaiiai?, A.I. Oae?oeeia, TH.?. I?ioi?iaa. Aeine?aeaeaiiy
i?iaaaeaii a neio?ii?/iiio ieai?.
Aea?? IAOIAe?A oa cania?a e?iaa?noe/iiai aiae?co iia’ycaiee c?
niaoeeo?eith ia’?eoa ? eiie?aoieie caaea/aie. Ia an?o aoaiao
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeei?enoiao?oueny iieniaee iaoiae. Oe?iea canoinoaaiiy
ciaoiaeeoue o?ainoi?iaoe?eiee, noaoenoe/iee iaoiaee, i?eeiie
eiiiiiaioiiai, aeeno?eaooeaiiai ? iiiceoeaiiai aiae?co,
aeei?enoiaothoueny aeai? aenia?eiaioo.
IAOEIAA IIAECIA aeine?aeaeaiiy coiiaeaia oei, ui a iueiio aia?oa
i?iaaaeaii eiiieaenia aeine?aeaeaiiy naiaioeee iaeeieoeue ia iicia/aiiy
?ioaeaeooaeueieo yeinoae ethaeeie.
O aeena?oaoe?? aeyaeaia niaoeeo?ea ?aoa?aioe?? ne?a, o?acaieia?/ieo
iaeeieoeue ? i?ene?a’?a. Aeiaaaeaii, ui neiaa oa o?acaieia?cie
iicia/athoue ??ciiaeaee ?ioaeaeooaeueieo yeinoae, a i?ene?a’y –
neooaoe??, a yeeo oe? yeino? ? aeooaeueieie.
O ?iaio? aeiaaaeaii, ui a?aeia?aaeaiiy ?ioaeaeooaeueieo yeinoae iiaea
aooe ocaaaeueiaiei ? eiie?aoiei, i?e oeueiio ocaaaeueiai? yeino? /ano?oa
a?aeia?aaeathoueny a naiaioeoe? o?acaieia?/ieo cai?io?a, a eiie?aoi? – a
naiaioeoe? ne?a.
Aia?oa aeyaeaii, ui a?aaeaoe?y iiceoeaieo ?ioaeaeooaeueieo yeinoae,
iicia/aieo a?eueo?noth o?acaieia?ci?a, iiai?noth coiiaeaia neooaoe??th,
a a?aaeaoe?y iaaaoeaieo yeinoae aecia/aia iiaiith nenoaiith, a ye?e
iicia/aiiy ciaeoia e?aei?e nooi?iue aeyao iaaaoeaii? yeino?. Aeiaaaeaii,
ui a?aaeaoe?y iciaee a naiaioeoe? neiaa aenie?eo?oueny ca aeiiiiiaith
eiioaenoieo ?iaeeeaoi??a.
Aia?oa noai?aii o?aaiaio eiiieaeniiai ?aeaia?ao?/iiai neiaieea
“?ioaeaeooaeuei? yeino? ethaeeie”, yeee aeeth/a? neiaa, o?acaieia?cie oa
i?ene?a’y.
?acoeueoaoe oa aeniiaee i?aoe? iiaeooue ciaeoe I?AEOE*IA
CANOINOAAIIss a eaeneeia?ao?? i?e oaeineiiaeaii? eaeneeia?ao?/ieo
iien?a ? noai?aiiy aeia?aeeiaeo oa iaa/aeueieo neiaiee?a iiaeo
oei?a; o aeeeaaeaii? aoc?anueeeo aeenoeeie?i i?e aena?oeaii?
i?iaeai nenoaiiino? eaeneee oa o?acaieia??; i?e
i?aeaioiaoe? iaa/aeueieo iin?aiee?a aeey aeeeaaeaiiy
?in?enueei? iiae, a oiio /ene? ye ?iicaiii?; iaoiaeeea
eiiieaeniiai aiae?co a?oi iiaieo iaeeieoeue caaaeueii? naiaioeee
iiaea aooe aeei?enoaia a niaoeeo?nao ? niaoenai?ia?ao.
4
AI?IAAOe?ss ?IAIOE. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe??
iaaiai?thaaeeny ia ani??aionueeeo nai?ia?ao, can?aeaiiyo eaoaae?e
iiaiciaanoaa Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i.
A.N. Neiai?iaee, iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo, ca iaoa??aeaie aeine?aeaeaiiy
aoea i?aeaioiaeaia aeiiia?aeue ia VIII I?aeia?iaei?e iaoeia?e
eiioa?aioe?? c aeooaeueieo i?iaeai naiaioe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue
“Ooieoe?iiaeueiee aniaeo naiaioeee iiaieo iaeeieoeue”, Oa?e?a, 1997 ?.
??ci? aniaeoe aeine?aeaeaiiy a?aeia?aaeai? a /ioe?ueio ioae?eaoe?yo.
NO?OEOO?A OA IANssA I?AOe?. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, o?ueio
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, ?a?no?o e?oa?aoo?e oa aeaea?ae ? aeiaeaoeo.
Caaaeueiee ianya ?iaioe noaiiaeoue 17 noi??iie, a?ae?ia?ao?? – 18
noi??iie, aeiaeaoeo – 22 noi??iie. O aeena?oaoe?eiiio aeine?aeaeaii?
aeei?enoaii 6 oaaeeoeue ? 5 iaethie?a. Nienie aeei?enoaii? e?oa?aoo?e
neeaaea? 245 iaeiaioaaiue.
CA’ssCIE ?IAIOE C IAOEIAEIE I?IA?AIAIE, IEAIAIE, OAIAIE. Aeine?aeaeaiiy
i?iaiaeeeiny o iaaeao ieaio iaoeiai-aeine?aeii? ?iaioe eaoaae?e
iiaiciaanoaa Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo
?i.A.N.Neiai?iaee.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
O anooi? iaa?oioiao?oueny aeooaeuei?noue oaie, aecia/a?oueny iaoa oa
caaaeaiiy i?aoe?, eiie?aoeco?oueny i?aaeiao aeine?aeaeaiiy,
oa?aeoa?eco?oueny i?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue ?iaioe, ?? iiaecia.
O ia?oiio ?icae?e? ?icaeyaea?oueny ieoaiiy i?i ea?oeio na?oo ? niin?a ??
aenie?eaoe?? o no/aniiio iiaiciaanoa?. Aiae?co?oueny, ye ?ioi?iaoe?y i?i
ae?eni?noue a?aeia?aaea?oueny o cia/aii? neiaa. A?oia ne?a, aea?aieo
aeey aiae?co, ?ioa?i?aoo?oueny ye eaeneei-naiaioe/ia a?oia (ENA), yea
ia? aecia/aio eia?/io no?oeoo?o.
O eia?/i?e no?oeoo?? ENA “?ioaeaeooaeuei? yeino? ethaeeie”
aeae?ey?oueny 4 i?aea?oie: “Iniaeeaino? ni?eeiaiiy, ia?a?iaee oa
caa?aaeaiiy ?ioi?iaoe??”, “?acoeueoaou ?ioaeaeooaeueii? ae?yeueiino?”,
“?ano?ne eioaeaeoo”, “Caei?iaee aeocae”.
A iniiao ia?oiai aoaio eeaneo?eaoe?? iieeaaeaii a?aaeaoe?th
?ioaeaeooaeueieo yeinoae, yea i?aaenoaaeaia a ineoieia??.
Iiaeaeueoa a?aaeaoe?y i?aea?oi a?aeaoaa?oueny ca e?eoa???i
ni?eueiino?
5
aeaeiai? aeaiioaoeaii-neai?o?eaoeaii? naie, a oaeiae ni?eueiino? naie
?aoe?iiaeueii? ioe?iee. Iniaeea?noth no?oeoo?oaaiiy aeacaii? ENA ?
aeae?eaiiy eeth/iaeo ne?a, ye? iaeaaeaoue aaciina?aaeiuei yae?o
aeine?aeaeoaaii? a?oie. A cia/aii? oeeo ne?a a?aeia?aaeai? ia ie?ai?
aeaee ?ioaeaeooaeueieo yeinoae (iai?eeeaae, ei?oeea?noue,
i?iieeeea?noue, cae?aiino? oa ?i.), a oe?eee eiiieaen oaeeo iciae
(iai?eeeaae, neiai OIIUE oa?aeoa?eco? ? ei?oeeao, ? i?iieeeeao, ?
cae?aio ethaeeio).
Aocuee?noue / oe?ioa ?aoa?aioe?? aeine?aeaeoaaieo ne?a
coiiaeth?oueny nooiaiai eiie?aoecaoe?? a?aeia?aaeaiiy iciaee. Aeae?eaii
o?e oaeoi?e, ye? coiiaeththoue nooi?iue noa?aioeiiino? ?aoa?aioe??:
– iniaeeaino? eia?ei-i?aaeiaoii? i?eiaeaaeiino? (a?aeia?aaeaiiy /?oei?
iciaee – NIIA?ACEOAEUeIUE, I?IIEOeAOAEUeIUE, EIAE*IUE; eiiieaeno iciae –
OIIUE, AIEIAANOUE2 aai ?icieoi? iciaee – NAAOEUE (OI);
– iniaeeaino? a?aaeaoe?? iciaee (a?aenooi?noue a?aaeoaeueii? naie
(AEOIUE, IAAeIAAAeEEAUE) / e?aei?e nooi?iue ?ioaineaiino?
(I?AIOAe?UE) aai aeayeee nooi?iue ?ioaineaiino? (AeO?AEIAAOUE,
IAEIIIIssOEEAUE);
– niaoeeo?ea a?aeia?aaeaiiy ?aoe?iiaeueii? ioe?iee (iayai?noue /e
a?aenooi?noue ioe?iiiai noa?aioeio – NEEUeIUE OI eee OIIEEE OI).
Aeyaeaii iaaiee ca’ycie i?ae nooiaiai noa?aioeiiino? ?aoa?aioe??
cia/aiiy eaene/ii? iaeeieoe? oa ?? i?noeai a?aeiinii yae?a
a?aeiia?aeiiai ia’?aeiaiiy: /ei ieae/ee nooi?iue noa?aioeiiino? oa aeuee
nooi?iue ianoa?aioeiiino?, oei aeae? a?ae yae?a ENA ia?aaoaa? neiai.
Oeaio?aeueieie yaea?ieie neiaaie a?oie “?ioaeaeooaeuei? yeino? ethaeeie”
? OIIUE e AEOIUE. Iniaeea?noth cia/aiiy yaea?ieo ne?a ? oe?ioa ?o
?aoa?aioe??, a no?oeoo?? cia/aiiy oeeo ne?a i?aaenoaaeaie an? naie,
aeanoea? cia/aiiyi yaea?ieo ne?a i?aea?oi ? i?e?ia?oi. ?aoa?aioe?y
aeacaieo ne?a ? oe?ieith noa?aioeiiith.
No?eeith iciaeith noa?aioeio ? ioe?iea – aiia ia ci?ith?oueny ? a
cia/aiiyo ia?eoa??eieo eiiiiiaio?a. ?io? iciaee ? aa??aoeaieie, /ei
iiynith?oueny ? aa??aoeai?noue noa?aioeio, yeee eiie?aoeco?oueny a
eiioaeno?. Aa??aoeai? iciaee iiaeooue iineaaeyoeny a cia/aiiyo ne?a, ui
iaeaaeaoue aei ia?eoa???.
Neiaa aeine?aeaeoaaii? a?oie aeeiiothoue iii?iaoeaio (42%),
iii?iaoeaii-ioe?iio (38%) ? eiiioaoeaii-oa?aeoa?ecoth/o (20%) ooieoe??.
6
I?e oeueiio na?aae ne?a, ye? a?aecia/athoue iaaaoeai? ?ioaeaeooaeuei?
yeino?, ia?aaaaeathoue neiaa c iii?iaoeaii-ioe?iiith ?
eiiioaoeaii-oa?aeoa?ecoth/ith ooieoe?yie.
Aeine?aeaeaiiy aea?eaaoe?eieo iniaeeainoae i?eeiaoiee?a ia?aii? a?oie,
iioeaiaaieo aioo??ne?aii, iieacaei, ui i?iaeoeoeaiei oeiii ?icaeoeo ?o
naiaioeee ? iaoaoi?e/iee.
Iaoii?i?/ia iioeaaoe?y ? iai?iaeoeoeaiith (eeoa iaeia neiai noai?aii ca
aeiiiiiaith neiaeaeioe: AeO?IIE1 – iiaaiee ca ye?noth AeO?IIE5 –
iiaaiee ca ?ioaeaeooaeueieie yeinoyie, aacaeocaeee). A?aecia/aii
aeiaaeie ia?aoiaeo i?ae iaoaoi?ith oa iaoii?i??th, eiee iio?aeia
cia/aiiy i?eeiaoieea aeiionea? iiaea?eia oeoia/aiiy: aai iioeaaoe?y ca
noiae?noth anioe?aoe?e, aai iioeaaoe?y ca noi?aei?noth (A?AIIOIUE1 –
yeee ai?? /eoaoe ? ienaoe A?AIIOIUEIA?AI.. – yeee aaaaoi cia? ).
Aeae?eaii /ioe?e oeie iaoaoi?e/ii? iioeaaoe??, oa?aeoa?ii? aeey ne?a,
ye? aiae?cothoueny:
a) ia?aianaiiy iaeiaioaaiiy iciae ia iicia/aiiy o?ce/ieo iniaeeainoae
ethaeeie, ?? nioe?aeueiiai aeina?aeo o noa?o oa?aeoa?enoeee oa
ioe?iee ?ioaeaeooaeueieo yeinoae (EIIIOOEE1 – yeee ia? aaeee?,
ianoiaao?/ai? aooa EIIIOOEE2 – iaaeaeaeee ca ?icoiii; IANO?AEssIIUE1 –
oaeee, yeee aoa o aiyo IANO?AEssIIUE2 – aeina?ae/aiee);
a) ia?aianaiiy ioe?iee o?ce/ieo yeinoae ia ?ioaeaeooaeuei? yeino?
ethaeeie (NEEUeIUE1 – yeee ia? aaeeeo o?ce/io neeo NEEUeIUE7 –
ia?ciaiee);
a) ia?aianaiiy iaeiaioaaiiy iciae, ui oa?aeoa?ecothoue na?oeiaa
aei?ii?ithaaiiy, o noa?o ioe?iee ?ioaeaeooaeueieo yeinoae (NAAOEUE1 –
yeee aei?ii?ith? iiooaeia na?oei NAAOEUE10 – yniee oa eia?/iee);
a) ia?aianaiiy iaeiaioaaiiy ia?aiao?e/ieo iciae o noa?o ioe?iee
?ioaeaeooaeueieo yeinoae ethaeeie (OCEEE1 – yeee ia? iaeo i?ioyaei?noue
o i?inoi?? OCEEE3 – yeee ia aieiae?? aaeeeei ?icoiii).
A?aenoanoaioeaiei ? a?aeaae’?eoeaiei i?eeiaoieeai i?eoaiaii?
ia?ae?iiaoe/i? cia/aiiy, aiie iathoue i?ici?o aioo??oith oi?io.
Ooai?aiiy a?aenoanoaioeaieo i?eeiaoiee?a noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny, ye
i?aaeei, iaoii?i?/iith iioeaaoe??th (“iiiyooy iciaea, yea
iaeaaeeoue aei oeueiai iiiyooy” aeey ne?a c iiceoeaiith
?aoe?iiaeueiith ioe?ieith: OI OIIUE;
7
“iin?e iciaee iciaea” aeey ne?a c iaaaoeaiith ?aoe?iiaeueiith
ioe?ieith: IAAAAEAeA iaaaaeanoaaiiue).
Eaeneeae?ciaai? cia/aiiy i?eoaiaii? a?aeae??ne?aiei i?eeiaoieeai,
aioo??oiy oi?ia yeeo ? /anoeiai i?ici?ith, a iaae?aaeai? naie “AUNO?I,
EAAEI” ? “AIEUeOIA EIEE*ANOAI” ? neioaaiaiaie ne?a, a?ae yeeo aiie
ooai?ai?. Neiaioa??i? i?ioeane noi?iaiaeaeothoueny iaoii?i?/iith
iioeaaoe??th (NIIA?ACEOAEUeIUE – oaeee, yeee ia i?inoi i??eo?, a oaeaeei
i??eo?, CIATHUEE – oaeee, yeee ia i?inoi cia?, a aaaaoi cia?). Aeania
?ae?iiaoe/i? cia/aiiy aeyaeai? o aeayeeo a?aeae??ne?aieo i?eeiaoiee?a,
neiaioai?aiiy yeeo noi?iaiaeeoueny ia o?eueee iaoii?i?/iei, aea ?
iaoaoi?e/iei ia?aianaiiyi (IA?AIE*EOUe IA?AIE*AIIUE (ia a i?inoi??, a a
?ioaeaeooaeueiiio ieai?).
C on?o oiia ?aae?caoe?? eaene/ieo cia/aiue (eaene/ia niieo/oaai?noue,
ia?aaeeaia a?aiaoe/ieo oi?i, a?aiaoe/ia eiino?oeoe?y, neooaoe?y, a ye?e
a?aeaoaa?oueny ni?eeoaaiiy) aiae?ciaai? i?eeiaoieee iathoue iaiaaeaiiy
eeoa ca iciaeith eaene/iiai niieo/aiiy.
Aeae?eaii o?e a?oie ne?a, c yeeie iiaeooue niieo/aoeny aiae?ciaai?
i?eeiaoieee:
a) ia?aaeeaia “*aeiaae eee a?oiia ethaeae” (OIIUE O*AIEE, IOAe?UE
IOAOe);
a) ia?aaeeaia “Eeoei e ieieea /aeiaaea” (OIIUA AEACA, IOAe?UE ACAEssAe);
a) ia?aaeeaia “?acoeueoaou oinoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea” (OIIUE
IOAAO, IOAe?UE NIAAO).
A?eueo?noue ne?a (92%) iathoue a?eueio niieo/oaai?noue (AEOIUE NUI,
?AAAIIE, IOAAO, ACAEssAe ? o.ae.), 3% – ia?aaeeaiaoe/ii ca’ycaio (OIIEEE
INEOIEIA, AeEIEIIAO ? ?i. i?ioan?? ethaeae ?ioaeaeooaeueii? i?aoe?), 4%
– eaene/ii iaiaaeaio (OCEEE E?OAICI?, OI),
O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? aiae?co?oueny niaoeeo?ea a?aeia?aaeaiiy o?aaiaioa
ae?eniino? “?ioaeaeooaeuei? yeino? ethaeeie” o?acaieia?/ieie
iaeeieoeyie.
Eia?/ia no?oeoo?a o?acai-naiaioe/ii? a?oie a iniiaiiio
ca?aa?oueny c eia?/iith no?oeoo?ith ENA. I?ioa aiae?c
o?acaieia?ci?a ia?aii? a?oie aeyaea a?aenooi?noue
iaiao?aeiino? a?aeie?aieaiiy i?aea?oie “Caei?iaee aeocae”,
i?e?ia?oie “Iine?aeiai?noue ieneaii?aeo i?ioean?a” oa i?e?ia?oi
“Aenieee nooi?iue oe?ioe ?icoiiaeo i?ioean?a”, “Iecueeee ??aaiue
ciaiue, io?eiaieo c aeina?aeo” , “Aenieee ??aaiue
8
caiai’yoiaoaaiiy”.OI, ye? a iaee iaeaaeaoe aei iaaaaeaieo a?oi, ia
aeyaeaii.
Aiae?c naiaioeee ne?a ? o?acai, iia’ycaieo c iaeiei ? oei
aea o?aaiaioii ae?eniino?, aeicaieea aeae?eeoe aeiaeaoeia? ?ene
niaoeeo?ee o?acaieia?/iiai cia/aiiy o ii??aiyii? c eaene/iei.
sseui a naiaioeoe? a?eueoino? aiae?ciaaieo ne?a a?aeia?aaeai? eiie?aoi?
iciaee, ye? iiaeathoue ?ioi?iaoe?th i?i aeaee ?ioaeaeooaeueieo yeinoae
ethaeeie, oi a naiaioeoe? a?eueoino? o?acaieia?ci?a ia?aii? a?oie
a?aeia?aaeaiee eiiieaen iciae, ye? a?aeiinyoueny aei ?ioaeaeooaeueieo.
Niaoeeo?eith a?aeia?aaeaiiy ia?aiiai o?aaiaioo ae?eniino? o?acaieia?/iei
cia/aiiyi ? ia o?eueee o?aaeeoe?eii aeciaia iiaeaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?? i?i
a?eueoo ?ioaineai?noue iciaee, a e a?aeia?aaeaiiy on?o iiaeeeaeo
nooiai?a ?ioaineaiino? iiceoeaii? iciaee, ye? aeooae?cothoueny a
caeaaeiino? a?ae neooaoe?? iiaeaiiy, a oaeiae e?aeiueiai nooiaiy
?ioaineaiino? iaaaoeaii? iciaee.
On? OI ?icaeyaeoaaii? ONA iathoue oe?ieo ?aoa?aioe?th, ui coiiaeth?oueny
iaeiei ?c aeaio oaeoi??a: aai oei, ui aiie a?aeia?aaeathoue eiiieaen
iciae (iai?eeeaae, OI?I IA II EAOAI – i?i oyiouo, ei?oeeao, cae?aio
ethaeeio), aai oei, ui aiie a?aeia?aaeathoue iaeio iciaeo, yea ia
eiie?aoeco?oueny (ii??aiyeii: OIAess*Ass YIOeEEEIIAAeEss – “yeee
aieiae?? aaeeeeie ciaiiyie” ? IA*EOAIIUE – “yeee aieiae?? aaeeeeie
ciaiiyie, caeiaooeie o i?ioean? /eoaiiy”).
O naiaioeoe? aeayeeo OI a?aeia?aaeaii iano?eueee oe?ieee eiiieaen iciae,
ui na?aae ieo iiaea aooe ? iciaea, yea ia iaeaaeeoue aei
?ioaeaeooaeueii? noa?e (AIEIAA NAAeIAAss – i?i iaei?oeeao, iani?eoio
ethaeeio) – oae? OI ia?aaoaathoue ia ia?eoa??? a?aeiia?aeieo ia’?aeiaiue
o?acaieia?ci?a. I?e/eie ae a?aeiia?aeiiai noaoono ne?a ?io?: o
ia?eoa??ei?e cii? caaaeaee ia?aaoaathoue iio?aei? ENA c ?aaeoeiaaieie
aeaiioaoeaieie naiaie oa iineeaieie eiiioaoeaieie anioe?aoeaieie
(OIIEEE10 OI, OCEEE3 E?OAICI?).
O?acaieia?ci?a c ianoa?aioeiiith ?aoa?aioe??th na?aae i?iaiae?ciaaieo ia
aeyaeaii, ine?eueee aeey cia/aiiy OI ia ? oa?aeoa?iei a?aeia?aaeaiiy
?icieoi? iciaee.
A?aeia?aaeaiiy eiiieaeno iciae oa iaaecia/ai?noue a?aaeoaeueii? naie
iiceoeaii? ioe?iee coiiaeee iecueeee nooi?iue noa?aioeiiino?
cia/aiiy aeey a?eueoino? OI, ye? icia/athoue aenie?
?ioaeaeooaeuei? yeino?, a a?aeia?aaeaiiy
9
eiiieaeno iciae oa e?aei?e nooi?iue aeyaeaiiy iaaaoeaii? ioe?iee –
na?aaei?e nooi?iue noa?aioeiiino? cia/aiiy aeey a?eueoino? OI, ye?
icia/athoue iecuee? ?ioaeaeooaeuei? yeino?.
Aeey cia/aiiy aeine?aeaeoaaieo OI ia ? oa?aeoa?iei iineeaiiy
noanoaioe?iiaeueieo nai, ui na?ae/eoue i?i a?eueo aenieee ??aaiue
ocaaaeueiaiiy ?o naiaioeee ii??aiyii c? neiaaie c aiaeia?/iei cia/aiiyi.
No?oeoo?a eiiioaoeaiiai iae?ieiiiiiaioa cia/aiue OI ia?aii? a?oie
a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae aiaeia?/iiai iae?ieiiiiiaioa cia/aiiy ne?a
iaia’yceiaith iayai?noth nai aiioe?eii? ioe?iee ? nai ia?aciino?,
i?e/iio ia?ac, yeee eaaeeoue a iniia? cia/aiiy o?acai, ia? a?eueoee
nooi?iue ae?aciino?.
Aeey cia/aiiy aeayeeo ?c i?iaiae?ciaaieo o?acai oa?aeoa?iee oaeee oei
ni?aa?aeiiniino? aeaiioaoeaii-neai?o?eaoeaieo oa a?aiaoe/ieo
iae?ieiiiiiaio?a, yeee coiiaeth? eaoaai??aeueii-a?aiaoe/io
ia?ao?aei?noue o?acai: oe? OI ni?aa?aeiinyoueny ca naiaioeeith ia
o?eueee c? neiaii, a e c? neiainiieo/aiiyi (ii??aiyeii: “Iao
i?aiiaeaaaoaeue – NAAOEAss AIEIAA”, oiaoi aeoaea ?icoiiee, “Aeaaea naiua
NAAOEUA AIEIAU (oiaoi ?icoii? ethaee) ia niiaee ?aoeoue yoo caaea/o”).
Aiae?c OI ONA “?ioaeaeooaeuei? yeino? ethaeeie” aeicaieea aeyaeoe
aeiaeaoeiaee nooi?iue oe?e?niino? cia/aiiy o?acai. Ie??i OI c aaniethoii
oe?e?nieie cia/aiiyie (i?anoiiceoe?y oa noaa?aeaeoaaia iciaea
ni?aa?aeiinyoueny ?c neiainiieo/aiiyi a oe?eiio1: *EOAOUe IAAEAeO NO?IE
– “a?ae??ciyoeny aaeeeith i?iieeeea?noth”), OI ?c a?aeiinii oe?e?nieie
cia/aiiyie (i?anoiiceoe?y oa noaa?aeaeoaaia iciaea OI ni?aa?aeiinyoueny
?c neiainiieo/aiiyi a oe?eiio, aea ?c nai noaa?aeaeoth/i? /anoeie aeaye?
ca’ycai? c ie?aieie eiiiiiaioaie: OIAess*Ass YIOeEEEIIAAeEss – “aeoaea
ia?ciaia ethaeeia”), aeae?eythoueny o?acaie, ye? iathoue a?aeiinii
oe?e?ni? cia/aiiy c ie?aieie iciaeaie ?ic/eaiiaoaaiiy (oi/a
i?anoiiceoe?y oa noaa?aeaeoaaia iciaea OI ni?aa?aeiinyoueny ?c
neiainiieo/aiiyi a oe?eiio, a?eueo?noue nai noaa?aeaeoth/i? /anoeie
ca’ycai? c ie?aieie eiiiiiaioaie: NO?AEssIUE AI?IAAE – “aeina?ae/aia
ethaeeia”).
________________________
1 Iaeaiae/aiei E.I. Ia?ao?aei?noue cia/aiue ne?a oa neiainiieo/aiue:
Aaoi?aoa?ao aeen. …aeieoi?a o?eie.iaoe. – Ee?a, 1996.-48n
10
Cia/aiiy o?acaieia?cio iiaea oi?ioaaoeny ye ia aac? ia?ainieneaiiy
neiainiieo/aiiy a oe?eiio, oae ? ia aac? naiaioe/iiai iioe?aiiy (NI)
ie?aieo eiiiiiaio?a (iaeiiai oa a?eueoa).
Aeae?ey?oueny o?e iniiai? nooiai? naiaioe/iiai iioe?aiiy eiiiiiaio?a
o?acai aai niieo/aiiy a oe?eiio: iecueeee, na?aaei?e oa aenieee. I?e
iecueeiio nooiai? NI ni?eueia naia aeooae?co?oueny a oeoia/aii? cia/aiiy
o?acaieia?/ii? iaeeieoe?. I?e na?aaeiueiio nooiai? aiia ia
aeooae?co?oueny a oeoia/aii? cia/aiiy, aea aenie?eo?oueny i?e iiaoaeia?
eia?/ieo eaioetha?a ia ia?oiio e?ioe?. I?e aenieiio nooiai? NI ni?eueia
naia aenie?eo?oueny ia ia ia?oiio e?ioe? eia?/ieo eaioetha?a, a ia
ianooiieo.
O?acaieia?cie oa?aeoa?ecothoueny ??cieie nooiaiyie ?ae?iiaoe/iino?
naiaioeee, ye? ni?aa?aeiinyoueny, a iniiaiiio, c aeae?eaieie nooiaiyie
naiaioe/iiai iioe?aiiy eiiiiiaio?a OI aai neiainiieo/aiiy a oe?eiio:
iecueeei (OIIAss AIEIAA), na?aaei?i (OIAess*EE OIEAA?NEOAO), aenieei
(OAAOAOUe CA?CAeU N IAAA). Iaeaeuee nooi?iue ?ae?iiaoe/iino? o?acai
a?aecia/a?oueny o aeiaaeeo, eiee iaeei ?c eiiiiiaio?a OI ia ooieoe?iio?
ie?aii a iia?, aiane?aeie /iai eia?/iee ca’ycie a?aeiia?aeieo
eiiiiiaio?a anoaiiaeoe iaiiaeeeai (IE AA IE IA IE
AAEUeIANA).
Aieiaiei oaeoi?ii neinaiaioe/iino? o?acai ? ia iayai?noue
o?acai-naiaioe/ieo aa??aio?a, a ooieoe?iioaaiiy o iia? a?eueieo
niieo/aiue oeo aea eiiiiiaio?a. Ca aeacaiith iciaeith aeae?eythoueny
ia?ao?aei? o?acaie c aaoi-neinaiaioe/iino?.
I?iaiae?ciaai? OI iathoue iaiaaeaiiy ?aae?caoe?? cia/aiue ca iciaeaie
eaene/ii? niieo/oaaiino? oa a?aiaoe/ii? eiino?oeoe??.
sseui OI ?aae?co? caaaeueiieaoaai??aeueio naio “iciaea”, oi ca e?eoa???i
eaene/ii? niieo/oaaiino? a?eueo?noue o?acaieia?ci?a (44 ?c 65) iathoue
aaniethoii a?euei? cia/aiiy (“Eiaeaia? / nui / i?aiiaeaaaoaeue N OeA??I
A AIEIAA”), a 10 OI – a?aeiinii a?euei? (“Eiaeaia? / nui /
i?aiiaeaaaoaeue N AIEIAIE1”). Niaoeeo?/ia aeey OI ia?ao?aei?noue c
aaoi-neinaiaioe/iino? coiiaeea iaiao?aei?noue aeae?eaiiy ia?ao?aeiiai
oeio cia/aiiy i?ae aaniethoii a?eueiei oa a?aeiinii a?eueiei (oaeeo OI
iaeeiaaeoeyoue, iai?eeeaae, “Yoio ?aaioiee / nio?oaeiee /
enneaaeiaaoaeue IA AEAeEO AeAEUeOA NIANOAAIIIAI IINA”).
?aae?caoe?y a OI caaaeueiieaoaai??aeueieo nai “iin?e iciaee” ? “iciaea”
11
coiiaeth? ia?aaeeaiaoe/io iaiaaeai?noue ?o niieo/oaaiino? (“Yoa NAAOEAss
AIEIAA an? iiaeao ?aoeoue / i?iaiaeece?iaaoue” oa ?io? ae??neiaa
?ioaeaeooaeueii? ae?yeueiino?).
OI c naiith “?ioaeaeooaeuei? yeino?” niieo/athoueny c? neiaaie o?eueee
ENA “Ethaeeia”, ia a?aei?io a?ae ne?a aiaeia?/ii? naiaioeee, ine?eueee o
cia/aii? OI a?aenooi? a?aeo?iee “oaeee, yeee ae?aaea? aai na?ae/eoue i?i
?ioaeaeooaeuei? yeino?”.
Niaoeeo?/i?noue o?acaieia?/ieo cia/aiue iieyaa? a a?eueoiio nooiai?
eiino?oeoeaii? iaiaaeaiino? o ii??aiyii? c? neiaaie. OI, ni?aa?aeiini?
ca naiaioeeith c? neiaii, iathoue eiino?oeoeaii ca’ycai? cia/aiiy, a
o?acaie, ni?aa?aeiini? ca naiaioeeith c? neiaii oa neiainiieo/aiiyi,
iathoue eiino?oeoeaii iaiaaeai? cia/aiiy.
O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? ?icaeyaeathoueny iniaeeaino? a?aeia?aaeaiiy
?ioaeaeooaeueieo yeinoae ethaeeie a nenoai? i?ene?a’?a.
I?ene?a’y ni?aa?aeiinyoueny ca naiaioeeith c oaenoii, aiie yaeythoue
niaith niaoeeo?/iee aeae oaenoo. ?o naiaioeea niaoeeo?/ii a?aeia?aaea?
ae?eni?noue, ui i?iyaey?oueny o ni?aa?aeiioaii? ci?noiaii-oaeooaeueii?,
ci?noiaii-eiioeaiooaeueii? oa ci?noiaii-i?aeoaenoiai? ?ioi?iaoe??.
Ci?noiaii-oaeooaeueiith ?ioi?iaoe??th (CO?) i?ene?a’y ? eiai
aea?eaaoe?eia iniiaa, yea a?aeia?aaea? ca’ycee, anoaiiaeai? iin?yie iiae
i?ae ?aae?yie na?oo (anioe?aoeai?, eia?/i?; coiiaeai?
iaoe?iiaeueii-eoeueoo?ieie, nioe?aeueieie oa ?ioeie i?e/eiaie).
O nenoai? i?ene?a’?a, iia’ycaieo c o?aaiaioii ae?eniino?
“?ioaeaeooaeuei? yeino? ethaeeie”, aeae?eythoueny oae? oeie CO?:
– ?noeiia (AEOIIIO NUIO IA A IIIIUUe AIAAONOAI);
– iiaeeeaa (NEEA ANOUe – OIA IA IAAeI);
– ia?noeiia (AAC OIA AIEIAA – IEAIIE EIOAE).
?noeiia oa ia?noeiia CO? i?ae?icae?eythoueny ia i?aeoeie.
Ci?noiaii-i?aeoaenoiaa ?ioi?iaoe?y (CI?) i?ene?a’y a?aeiia?aea? eiai
ia?aciiio cia/aiith. Aeae?ey?oueny i?aeoaenoiaa yae?i i?ene?a’y, aai
?iaa??aioiee i?aeoaeno, aenie?oeeoii aai ?iie?oeeoii i?enooi?e o an?o
aeiaaeeao ?aae?caoe?? i?ene?a’y, oa iioaioe?aeueiee, aai aa??aoeaiee
i?aeoaeno, yeee aeooae?co?oueny a caeaaeiino? a?ae eiioi?eaoeaii? iaoe
i?iiiaoey. CI? i?ene?a’y a?aeia?aaea? ii?aeuei? oa nioe?aeuei? i?aaeea,
ye? ? ii?iith o noni?euenoa?. I?aeoaenoiaa ?ioi?iaoe?y,
a?aeia?aaeaia o i?ene?a’yo
12
aeine?aeaeoaaii? a?oie, iiaea aooe ocaaaeueiaia oa i?aaenoaaeaia o
/ioe?ueio ?ioi?iaoeaieo aeieao:
a) oa, ui ia caaaeaee ? iieacieeii ?icoio ethaeeie:
-ciai?oiy e?ana (NIAIE-OI E?AEss, A OIII-OI OAEss; EE*EEI AAEAIUeEI, A
OIA IAEAIUeEI; IA ANssE OIAI, EOI A E?ANIA IA?ssAEAI; AIEIN AeIEIA, AeA
OI EI?IOIE; E E?ANAAEOeA OI IA IIIAOA);
-a?e ethaeeie (IIAe IINII ACIOEI, A A AIEIAA IA IINAssII; AU?ANOE AU?IN,
A OIA IA AUIAN; AI?IAeA AAEEEA, A OIA IE IA EUEI; AI?IAeA N AIC, A OIA
IE IA EIIUEUeIEE IAOO; AI?IAeA ?INEA – ?ACOIO IA I?EIANEA); oa ?i.
a) oa, ui i?eoaiaiia ?icoii?e ethaeei? (IOAe?IIO OEI? IA AEAAI; IOAe?IIO
NIAAO ANssEEE A IIEUeCO; OIIUE E NIA?AOEO E III?AAEO; II NEUOEO, EAE
O?AAA ?ANOAO; O OIIIE AIEIAU NOI ?OE; OIIUE IAeII NEIAI AUIIEAEO, E OI
NEAAEAONss);
a) oa, ui i?eoaiaiia aeo?i?e ethaeei? (IA EIIA NEAeEO, A EIIss EUAO;
?OAAAO ?AEO, A OAAEEO EOAEO; ?OEAAEOeU CA IIssNII, A II EO EUAO; AEOIUE
IA NAIssO Ae?IAEEO, A EIAEOO IIAe IEI EAAEEO);
a) oa, ui i?eoaiaiia ?icoiiiio ia a?aei?io a?ae aeo?iiai(AEOIUE
(AeO?AE) CAAssAEAO, A OIIUE IA NEI?I ?ACAssAEAO; AeO?AE A AIAeO EEIAO
EAIAIUe, A AeANssOUe OIIUO IA AUIOO; IO OIIIAI IAO*EOUeNss, IO AEOIIAI
?ACO*EOUeNss; EO*OA N OIIUI IIOA?ssOUe, *AI N AeO?AEII IAEOE).
O ci?noiaii-eiioeaiooaeuei?e ?ioi?iaoe?? (CE?) i?ene?a’y i?aaenoaaeaii
eiai ii?aeueii-aeeaeaeoe/iee ci?no. Aeae?ey?oueny yaea?ia, aai
?iaa??aioia, CE? i?ene?a’y, yea a?aeia?aaea? caaaeueiee eiioeaio on?o
iin??a iiae aeey on?o neooaoe?e oa ni?aa?aeiinia c iniiaiith ooieoe??th
i?ene?a’y – ooieoe??th iia/aiiy. ?iaa??aioia CE? a?aeia?aaea?
ii?aeueii-aeeaeaeoe/i? onoaiiaee, caniae iia/aiiy, i?eeiyo? o
noni?euenoa?. A nenoai? aiae?ciaaii? a?oie aiia iiaea aooe
i?aaenoaaeaia o i’yoe oeiao, i’yoe caniaao niiioeaiiy aei
?ioaeaeooaeueiiai oaeineiiaeaiiy:
1.Oeyoii oa?aeoa?enoeee aeo?ii? ethaeeie (aeeaenue, ye oea iiaaii, oa
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ia aoaeue oaeei) – AeO?AE E IIAe EI?IAEE ?AA IEssOAO; AeO?AE E IIAe
NOA?INOUe NIAAE AIIssAO.
2. Oeyoii oa?aeoa?enoeee ?icoiii? ethaeeie (aeeaenue, ye oea aeia?a, oa
aoaeue oaeei) – O OIIIE AIEIAU NOI ?OE; OIIUE IAeII NEIAI AUIIEAEO, E OI
NEAAEAONss; OIIUE NEUOEO AIIEAIEINA.
3. Oeyoii iiyniaiiy ??cieoe? i?ae ?icoiiei oa aeo?iei (aeeaenue, ye
?iaeoue ?icoiiee, a ye – aeo?iee; ?iae oae, ye ?icoiiee) – AEOIUE
EENIAO, A OIIUE ANA I?IIUNEEO; AeO?AE A AIAeO EEIAO EAIAIUe, A AeANssOUe
OIIUO IA AUIOO; AEOIUE III NAAI*AAO – OIIIIO IA ?ACAAI*AOUe.
4. Oeyoii eiinoaoaoe?? caaaeueiii?eeiyoi? ?noeie (ea?oeny aeaiith
?noeiith, oiio ui aiia ia?aa??aia aaaaoueia iieie?iiyie) – IA CA
AI?IAeO, CA OI AEAEOTHO; AI?IAeIE A ETHAeE IA AUEAeAOUe; AI?IAeA OIO IA
CAIAIA; OI IA A EAOAO, A A AIEIAA; IOAe?INOUe A AIEIAA, A IA A AI?IAeA.
5. Oeyoii ii?aaee (ea?oeny oe??th ii?aaeith) – EO*OA N OIIUI A AAeO, *AI
N AEOIUI A ?ATH; IA AIENss A?AAA OIIIAI, AIENss Ae?OAA AEOIIAI; IA AeAE
AIA N AeO?AEII NAssCAOUeNss; AeAAO OAAA AeO?AE IAAeO – IETHIUe, AeANO
IOAe?UE ssAeO – IAE; IO AeO?AEA OIOUe IIEO IO?AAEUe, AeA OEAeE; IA EOIE
AOIIA, EOIE OIA; AAE AEEAE, AAE O*ENUe.
Ia?eoa??eia CE? ? noiith on?o iiaeeeaeo aeooae?caoe?e ie?aiiai
ii?aeueii-aeeaeaeoe/iiai ci?noo, aiia a?aeia?aaea? eiioeaio i?iiiaoey o
iiiaio i?iiiae, o eiie?aoi?e neooaoe??.
Cia/aiiy i?ene?a’y oi?io?oueny ia aac? ia?ainieneaiiy onueiai ae?aco a
oe?eiio aai ie?aieo eiiiiiaio?a, ye oea a?aeaoaa?oueny ? o
o?acaieia?ciao. Aea ? ? aeiaeaoeia? caniae, i?eoaiaii? o?eueee
i?ene?a’th, a naia: oi?ioaaiiy cia/aiiy ia aac? N? neiainiieo/aiiy ?
neiaa, aeaio neiainiieo/aiue, aeaio ?a/aiue o neeaae? i?ene?a’y. Iaeiei
?c aieiaieo oaeoi??a oi?ioaaiiy cia/aiiy ? aca?iiae?y /anoei i?ene?a’y,
ye? i?aeeyaathoue naiaioe/iiio iioe?aiith.
Oaeoi?aie ia?ao?aeiino? i?ene?a’?a ca nooiaiyie ?ae?iiaoe/iino? ?
e?euee?noue eiiiiiaio?a, ye? i?aeeyaathoue naiaioe/iiio iioe?aiith,
naiaioe/ia a?aenoaiue, yea a?aeie?aieth? aeooae?ciaaia cia/aiiy a?ae
iioeaoth/iai
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Neioaaiaoe/i? iniaeeaino? i?ene?a’y i?iyaeythoueny ia ??ai?
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy c /anoeiaie oaenoo aai ?ioeie oaenoaie. Oeae aniaeo
iio?aao? niaoe?aeueiiai ?icaeyaeo, yeee aeoiaeeoue ca iaae? iinoaaeaieo
caaaeaiue.
I?iaaaeaia eiiieaenia aea/aiiy naiaioeee iaeeieoeue, ye?
i?aaenoaaeythoue ?ioi?iaoe?th i?i o?aaiaio ae?eniino? “?ioaeaeooaeuei?
yeino? ethaeeie”, aeicaieeei noi?ioethaaoe i?eioeeie eiiieaenii?
?aeaia?ao?/ii? eeaneo?eaoe?? oeeo iaeeieoeue. Eia?/i? no?oeoo?e ENA oa
ONA, a oaeiae ni?aa?aeiioaiiy aeae?a ?ioi?iaoeaiino? i?ene?a’?a (ye oi
oeie CE? oa oeie CI?) iiaeooue neeanoe iniiao ?oa?eeaoe?? iacaaii?
eeaneo?eaoe??, ni?euei? iciaee cia/aiue aoaeooue a?aeia?aaeai? o iacaao
a?aeiia?aeieo ia’?aeiaiue, aeeoa?aioe?ei? aoaeooue cacia/ai? ii
a?aeiioaiith aei eiaeii? iaeeieoe?. Ca iaiao?aei?noth, o iiynithaaeuei?e
/anoei? aeathoueny eiiaioa?? uiaei canoinoaaiiy oa niieo/oaaiino?.
O?aaiaio neiaieea i?aaenoaaeaii o aeiaeaoeo.
O aeniiaeao ocaaaeueiththoueny iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe.
A?aecia/athoueny iniaeeaino? a?aeia?aaeaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?? i?i
?ioaeaeooaeuei? yeino? eaene/ieie iaeeieoeyie iiae o ii??aiyii? c
o?acaieia?ciaie oa i?ene?a’yie.
Neiaa ? o?acaieia?cie iicia/athoue ??ciiaeaee ?ioaeaeooaeueieo yeinoae,
a i?ene?a’y – neooaoe??, o yeeo oe? yeino? ? aeooaeueieie.
O naiaioeoe? a?eueoino? ne?a a?aeia?aaeai? ie?ai? ?ioaeaeooaeuei?
iciaee, a o naiaioeoe? o?acaieia?ci?a – aiaeii/an eiiieaen iciae. A
naiaioeoe? i?ene?a’?a a?aeoai?ththoueny ii?aeuei? oa nioe?aeuei?
i?aaeea, ui ?aaeaiaioothoue noaaeaiiy aei oeeo iciae.
A?ae??ciy?oueny ? noaoon a?aaeoaeueii? naie o no?oeoo?? cia/aiiy
iacaaieo iaeeieoeue. A?aaeoaeuei? iciaee a naiaioeoe? ne?a
aenie?eothoueny ca aeiiiiiaith eiioaenoieo ?iaeeeaoi??a. A?aaeoaeuei?
iciaee o?acai ia iio?aaothoue ?iaeeeaoi??a, ai /ano?oa naiaioeea o?acaie
iicia/a? aenie? aai iaeaeu? / iaeieu? nooiai? yeinoae.
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aeicaieeee noi?ioethaaoe i?eioeeie iieno
cia/aiue ne?a, o?acaieia?ci?a oa i?ene?a’?a o eiiieaeniiio
?aeaia?ao?/iiio neiaieeo.
O aeena?oaoe?? i?aaenoaaeaii o?aaiaio oaeiai neiaieea “?ioaeaeooaeuei?
yeino? ethaeeie.”
15
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aeinoaoiueith i??ith aena?oeai? a
ioae?eaoe?yo:
1.Iaa?ioeeay E.A. Aeaoycu/iue eaeaia?aoe/aneee neiaa?ue o?acaieiaeciia,
oa?aeoa?ecothueo eioaeeaeooaeueiua ea/anoaa /aeiaaea (eeiaaenoe/aneee e
aeeaeaeoe/aneee aniaeou) // sscue e eeoa?aoo?a a oeiea. Oe?aeineee
aanoiee.– Oa?ueeia.-1996.-?1-2.- N.17-22.
2.Iaa?ioeeay E.A. O?acaiu, iaicia/athuea aunieea eioaeeaeooaeueiua
ea/anoaa /aeiaaea, a aniaeoa ia?aoiaeiinoe. // ?onneay oeeieiaey.
Oe?aeineee aanoiee. – Oa?ueeia.- 1997.- ? 3-4. – N. 9-14.
3.Iaa?ioeeay E.A.Iineiaeoeu eae o?aieeeua ia?iaeiie ioae?inoe e eae
niinia aa ia?aaea/e. // Iaoeia? caienee Oa?e?anueeiai aea?ae. iaaeaaia.
oi-oo. Na??y e?oa?aoo?iciaanoai. – Oa?e?a.- 1998.- aeione 2 (13). – N.
3-9.
4.Iaa?ioeeay E.A. Iniaaiiinoe io?aaeaoaeueiie ooieoeee o?acai e neia (ia
iaoa?eaea i?eeaaaoaeueiuo e aaeuaeoeaiuo o?acai, iaicia/athueo ieceea
eioaeeaeooaeueiua ea/anoaa /aeiaaea) // Ooieoeeiiaeueiue aniaeo
naiaioeee ycueiauo aaeeieoe: Iaoa?eaeu VIII iaaeaeoia?iaeiie iao/iie
eiioa?aioeee ii aeooaeueiui i?iaeaiai naiaioe/aneeo enneaaeiaaiee. *.I /
Oa?ueeia: OAIO, 1997. – N. 32-33.
AIIOAOe??
Iaa?ioeueea ?.A. Neiaa ? o?acaie ?in?enueei? iiae ia iicia/aiiy
?ioaeaeooaeueieo yeinoae ethaeeie (iiiian?ieia?/iee oa naian?ieia?/iee
aniaeoe). – ?oeiien.
Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa o?eieia?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 10.02.02. – ?in?enueea iiaa. -Oa?e?anueeee
aea?aeaaiee iaaeaaia?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?i. A.N. Neiai?iaee, Oa?e?a, 1998.
O aeena?oaoe?? aeyaeaia niaoeeo?ea a?aeia?aaeaiiy ?ioi?iaoe?? eaene/ieie
iaeeieoeyie ?in?enueei? iiae o ii??aiyii? c o?acaiaie. Aeiaaaeaii, ui a
naiaioeoe? a?eueoino? aeine?aeaeoaaieo ne?a a?aeia?aaeai? ie?ai?
?ioaeaeooaeuei? iciaee, a naiaioeoe? a?eueoino? o?acaieia?ci?a –
eiiieaen iciae. O cia/aiiyo i?ene?a’?a a?aeia?aaeaii ii?aeuei? aai
nioe?aeuei? i?aaeea, ui ? ii?iith a noni?euenoa?, ? iia’ycai? c? noa?ith
?ioaeaeooaeueieo yeinoae ethaeeie. Noi?ioeueiaaii i?eioeeie iieno
cia/aiue o eiiieaeniiio ?aeaia?ao?/iiio neiaieeo iiaieo iaeeieoeue oa
?ic?iaeaii o?aaiaio oaeiai neiaieea.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: neiai, o?acaia, naiaioeea, ?aeaia?ao?/iee neiaiee
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Iaa?ioeeay E.A. Neiaa e o?acaiu ?onneiai ycuea, iaicia/athuea
eioaeeaeooaeueiua ea/anoaa /aeiaaea (iiiianeieiae/aneee e
naianeieiae/aneee aniaeou). -?oeiienue.
Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oeeieiae/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 10.02.02. – ?onneee ycue.-Oa?ueeianeee
ainoaea?noaaiiue iaaeaaiae/aneee oieaa?neoao ei. A.N. Neiai?iaeu,
Oa?ueeia, 1998.
A aeenna?oaoeee auyaeaia niaoeeoeea io?aaeaiey eioi?iaoeee eaene/aneeie
aaeeieoeaie ?onneiai ycuea a n?aaiaiee n o?acaiaie. Aeieacaii, /oi a
naiaioeea aieueoeinoaa enneaaeoaiuo neia io?aaeaiu ioaeaeueiua
eioaeeaeooaeueiua i?eciaee, a naiaioeea aieueoeinoaa o?acaieiaeciia –
eiiieaen i?eciaeia. A cia/aieyo iineiaeoe io?aaeaiu i?aanoaaiiua eee
nioeeaeueiua i?aaeea, i?eiyoua a iauanoaa, naycaiiua ni noa?ie
eioaeeaeooaeueiuo ea/anoa /aeiaaea. Noi?ioee?iaaiu i?eioeeiu iienaiey
cia/aiee a eiiieaeniii eaeaia?aoe/aneii neiaa?a e i?aaenoaaeai o?aaiaio
oaeiai neiaa?y.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: neiai, o?acaia, naiaioeea, eaeaia?aoe/aneee neiaa?ue.
Navrotska I.V. Words and phraseological units of the Russian language,
denoting intellectual characteristics of man (onomaseological and
semaseological aspects). – Manuscript.
Dissertation for a candidate degree in the field of philology,
speciality 10.02.02 – Russian language. -The Skovoroda Kharkiv State
Pedagogical University, Kharkiv, 1998.
In the dissertation the specific features of information reflection by
the lexical units of the Russian language in comparison with the
phraseological units have been found out. It has been proved that
separate intellectual characteristics are reflected in the meanings of
the majority of the words, and the complex of the above characteristics
– in the meanings of the phraseological units. The principles of the
meaning interpretation in the complex ideographic dictionary are
formulated and the abstract of the above dictionary is presented.
Key words: word, phraseological unit, semantics, ideographic dictionary.
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