1
?INOEOOO IAAeEOeEIE I?AOe? AII OE?A?IE
IA?OAN IEAA A?EOI?IAE*
OAeE 613.648:622:331.108
A?A??I?*IA IOe?IEA ?II?COTH*I? ?AAe?AOe?? OA CAOIAeE I?IOE?AAe?AOe?EIIAI
CAOENOO A??IEE?A AOA?EAeUeIEO OAOO
14.02.01 – a?a??ia
AAOI?AOA?AO
Aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa iaaee/ieo iaoe
Ee?a – 1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia a Aeiiaoeueeiio aea?aeaaiiio iaaee/iiio oi?aa?neoao?
?i. I.ai?ueeiai IIC Oe?a?ie
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Oiainueeee
Aieiaeeie? sseeae/, Aeiiaoeueeee aea?aeaaiee iaaee/iee oi?aa?neoao ?i.
I.Ai?ueeiai, IIC Oe?a?ie, caa.eaoaae?ith a?a??ie oa aeieia??
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? a?ieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Einue ?aai
Iaaeiae/, Iaoeiaee oeaio? ?aae?aoe?eii? iaaeeoeeie, i.Ee?a, AII Oe?a?ie,
ea??aiee eaai?aoi??? ?aae?iaeieia??
aeieoi? iaaee/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Aa?aeia Aaneeue Aaa?e/eiae/,
Iaoe?iiaeueiee iaaee/iee oi?aa?neoao ?i. I.I.Aiaiiieueoey, i.Ee?a, IIC
Oe?a?ie, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?ith i?iiaaeaaoeee a?a??ie, a?enueeiai? oa
?aae?aoe?eii? a?a??ie
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa:
Oe?a?inueeee iaoeiaee a?a??i?/iee oeaio?, IIC Oe?a?ie, i.Ee?a
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 22 eenoiiaaea 1999?. i 1400 ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 26.554.01 a ?inoeooo? iaaeeoeeie i?aoe?
AII Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith: 252033, aoe.Naenaaainueeiai, 75.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny o a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo iaaeeoeeie
i?aoe? AII Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith: 252033, aoe.Naenaaainueeiai, 75.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “6” aa?aniy 1999?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
Niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
no.i.n., e.i.i.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue i?iaeaie. O i?ioean? o?oaeiai? ae?yeueiino? a??ieee
aoa?eueieo oaoo caciathoue aieeaaiiy eiiieaeno iaaacia/ieo ? oe?aeeeaeo
/eiiee?a ae?iaie/iai na?aaeiaeua (Eiaaoe A.I. e ae?., 1992; Eanoeia
Ae.I., 1998). Aei ieo iaeaaeaoue: iani?eyoeeaee i?e?iee?iao; aeniea
caieeai?noue iia?o?y; cia/i? ??ai? ooio, caaaeueii? ? eieaeueii?
a?a?aoe??; iecueea ina?oeai?noue, i?aeaeuaiee aa?iiao?e/iee oene c eiai
ia?aiaaeaie ? ?aae?aoe?eiee oaeoi? (?O).
?ii?coth/a ?aae?aoe?y aeeeeea? a i?aai?ci? ethaeeie ?icaeoie
noioanoe/ieo ? ianoioanoe/ieo aoaeo?a. Ca 1981 – 1992 ?.?. e?aoi?noue
i?aeaeuaiiy caaaeueii? caoai?thaaiino? ianaeaiiy Aeiiaano, yea caeiyoa o
aoaeaaeiaoai?e aaeoc? (a ii??aiyii? c Oe?a?iith caaaeii), ia ceiye?ni?
iooeeie neeaaea? – 0,83 ?aca, a ia ?ae eaaai?a – 1,20 ?aca (Ee?aaaa E.N.
e ae?., 1997; Aii/a?oe A.E e ae?., 1998).
Iniaeeaino? aoa?eueieo oaoo (iaoai?caoe?y ae?iaieoeoaa, aeniea
caieeai?noue iia?o?y ?iai/i? ciie ii?iaeaie oa aoa?eeyi, ui iathoue
i?e?iaeio ?aae?iaeoeai?noue, aiaiaoe?? ?aaeiio ? oi?iio c iiaa?oi?
ae?iaie a iaiaaeai?e ?iai/?e cii? oa iaeiie/aiiy i?iaeoeo?a ?o ?iciaaeo
o aaioeeyoe?eieo no?oiao, iaaaeaeaaoi?noue aaioeeyoe?eii? nenoaie
(iine?aeiaia i?ia?o?thaaiiy ae?iaie oa ?i.) i?ecaiaeyoue aei oiai, ui
a??ieee oeeo i?aei?e?inoa i?aeiaaeathoue i?ae aieea cia/ieo ??ai?a
?ii?coth/i? ?aae?aoe?? ia ?iai/eo i?noeyo ?, ye iane?aeie, neeaaeathoue
iaea?eueo /enaeueiee “i?iieneiaee” eiioeiaaio ianaeaiiy e?a?ie, ui
ii?ii?ith?oueny.
A?eueo?noue iaoeiaeo ?ia?o c ioe?iee ?aae?aoe?eiiai noaio o aoa?eueieo
oaooao i?enay/ai? oa?aeoa?enoeoe? aaiia-aei?ii?ithaaiiy ? ??ai?a
?aaeiio, ye? ae?thoue ia a??iee?a (Oaeae I.E. oa ?i., 1984; Oa?aioueaa
I.A. oa ?i., 1983-1996; Aia?ia A.E. oa ?i., 1999). Aaaaea?oueny, ui
iniiaiee aianie a aeico ii?ii?iaiiy a??iee?a aiinyoue aei/??i? i?iaeoeoe
?iciaaeo ?aaeiio (AeI?) (Lebecka J. et. al., 1993; Skubacz R. et al,
1996; Skowronek J., et. al., 1996; Dixon D.W. et. al., 1996).
Aoaeoeai? aeice ii?ii?iaiiy (AAe) a??iee?a, ye? coiiaeai? ?aaeiiii ?
AeI? aoa?eueii? oaooe, ca aeaieie iaoeiai? e?oa?aoo?e (Lebecka J. et.
al., 1993), iiaeooue aeinyaaoe 13 iCa??e-1, a?ae ciai?oiueiai
aaiia-aei?ii?ithaaiiy – 18 iCa??e-1. Iaea?eueo iaaacia/ieie, c
?aae?aoe?eii? oi/ee ci?o, ? ?iai/? i?noey a i/enieo eaaao ?
i?io?aeieoeueeeo ae?iaeao. Iaeiae, i?aeoe/ii a?aenooi? ?iaioe c
eiiieaeniith ioe?ieith (on?o eiiiiiaio?a ?O) ?aae?aoe?eieo oiia o
aoa?eueieo oaooao. Ne?ae cacia/eoe, ui cia/ia e?euee?noue
a??iee?a-e?ea?aeaoi??a iane?aee?a aaa??? ia *AAN i?iaeiaaeo? i?aoethaaoe
a aoa?eueieo oaooao oa i?aeiaaea? i?ae aieea i?aeaeuaieo ??ai?a
?ii?coth/i? ?aae?aoe??.
A??ieee aoa?eueieo oaoo caciathoue a?eueo /ano?oiai, a ii??aiyii? c
ianaeaiiyi caaaeii, aieeao i?iiaiaaeo ae?aaiinoe/ieo ? oa?aiaaoe/ieo
i?ioeaaeo?. Oea iia’ycaii c iaaee/ieie iaeyaeaie, i?aeaeuaieie ??aiyie
o?aaiaoecio ? i?ioan?eii? caoai?thaaiino? a aaeoc?. (Eiaaoe A.I. e ae?.
1992, Eaiaoiaa I.A., 1998).
Aaieia?/ia neooaoe?y a Aeiiaan?, iayai?noue oaooieo ae?iaie i?ae
i?noaie, ?noi?e/i? iniaeeaino? aoae?aieoeoaa oaooa?nueeeo naeeu
(iaeiiiiaa?oia? aoaeeiee, iaoa??ae no?i (oeaee iaoaeo?a?eii? aaeoc?),
ia?cieueiaai?noue iia?o?y aeeoeiaeo i?ei?uaiue a?ae a?oioo, iayai?noue
i?aeaae?a, aa?iaoecaoe?y aeeoea, iiaethaaiiy i?ei?uaiue ca ?aooiie
niaethaaiiy eai’yiiai aoa?eey ? i?e?iaeiiai aaco i?e iaaaeaeaaoi?e
aaioeeyoe?? oiui) iaoiiaeththoue aino?ioo “?aaeiiiai?” i?iaeaie
(Ioae?eaoe?y IE?C ?65, 1995; AEoeianeee I.A. e ae?., 1997),
aeooaeuei?noue ?? aea/aiiy o aoaeaaeiaoaiiio ?aa?ii? oa iaiao?aei?noue
o?aooaaiiy oeueiai eiiiiiaioo i?e ioe?ioe? ?aae?aoe?eiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy
ia a??iee?a aoa?eueieo oaoo. Ia oa?eoi??? Oe?a?ie ?aaeii ? iniiaiei
aeiciooai?thth/ei /eiieeii ? eiai aianie a noia?io iiioeyoe?eio aeico
noaiiaeoue 60% (ca /an na?aaeiueinoaoenoe/iiai aeeooy – 70 ?ie?a),
iaa?oue ca oiiae iae?eo ii?ii?iaiiy, iia’ycaiiai c iane?aeeaie aaa??? ia
*i?iiaeeuenuee?e AAN (Einue E.I. e ae?., 1993).
O iaoeia?e e?oa?aoo?? iaaiaeeoueny aaeeeee oaeoe/iee iaoa??ae c
ioe?ieith aieeao iaeeo aeic ?ii?coth/i? ?aae?aoe?? ia noai caei?ia’y
ianaeaiiy. Aecia/aii ci?ie a noai? iieaciee?a caei?ia’y ?
caoai?thaaiino? e?ea?aeaoi??a iane?aee?a aaa??? ia *i?iiaeeuenuee?e AAN
(Ieeieaiei A.TH. e ae?., 1997; Aacuea Ae.A., 1998; Eeeiaiei A.E. e ae?.,
1998; Eaieia A.I. e ae?., 1999), aea a?aeo? ?ia?o uiaei aea/aiiy ci?i a
i?aai?ci? a??iee?a, ye? iaoiiaeai? ?O aoa?eueieo oaoo.
Oaeei /eiii, aeine?aeaeaiiy ?aaeueiiai ?aae?aoe?eiiai aieeao (c
o?aooaaiiyi ?O ia ?iai/eo i?noeyo ? ?aaeiio a iia?o?? aeeoeiaeo
i?ei?uaiue) ia a??iee?a aoa?eueieo oaoo, ioe?iea ci?i a noai? caei?ia’y
oe??? eaoaai??? ianaeaiiy ? aeooaeueiei caaaeaiiyi. Aea/aiiy oeueiai
ieoaiiy aeicaieeei ?ic?iaeoe aaeaeaaoio nenoaio caoiae?a
i?ioe?aae?aoe?eiiai caoenoo a??iee?a aoa?eueieo oaoo.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. ?iaioa
aeeiioaaeany a?aeiia?aeii aei oaiaoeee iaoeiai-aeine?aeieoeueeeo ?ia?o:
“A?a??i?/ia ioe?iea ?aae?aoe?eiiai oaeoi?a, ui ae?? ia a??iee?a
aoa?eueieo oaoo” (? aea?ae?a?no?aoe?? 0197V002119) – aeeiiaia a
Aeiiaoeueeiio aea?aeaaiiio iaaee/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ?i. I.Ai?ueeiai;
“Ioe?ieoe aieea ?aae?aoe?eiiai oaeoi?a ia caei?ia’y a??iee?a aoa?eueieo
oaoo ? ?ic?iaeoe caoiaee i?io?eaeoeee eiai oe?aeeeaiai aieeao” (?
aea?ae?a?no?aoe?? UA01002876p) – aeeiiaia a Aeiiaoeueeiio iaoeiaiio
oeaio?? a?a??ie i?aoe? oa i?io?eaeoeee o?aaiaoecio; “Ioe?ieoe aieea
?aaeiio, ui aeae?ey?oueny a aeeoeia? i?ei?uaiiy, ia caei?ia’y ianaeaiiy
i. ?iaaiueee. ?ic?iaeoe ? ai?iaaaeeoe caoiaee i?io?eaeoeee eiai
oe?aeeeaiai aieeao” (? aea?ae?a?no?aoe?? 0193V029004) – aeeiiaia a
Aeiiaoeueeiio iaoeiaiio oeaio?? a?a??ie i?aoe? oa i?io?eaeoeee
o?aaiaoecio.
Iaoa ? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy: iaoeiaa
iaa?oiooaaiiy oa ?ic?iaea nenoaie caoiae?a i?ioe?aae?aoe?eiiai caoenoo
a??iee?a aoa?eueieo oaoo ia iniia? a?a??i?/ii? ioe?iee ?aae?aoe?eiiai
oaeoi?a, ui ae?? ia ieo.
Uia aeinyaoe iaoe, ae??ooaaeeny ianooii? caaaeaiiy:
– aea/eoe eiiiiiaioe ?aae?aoe?eiiai oaeoi?a ia ?iai/eo i?noeyo o
aoa?eueieo oaooao;
– aeae?eeoe iniiai? oa?aeoa?enoeee ?aae?aoe?eiiai aieeao ia a??iee?a
aoa?eueieo oaoo ia ?iai/eo i?noeyo;
– i?iaanoe i???ioiaio ioe?ieo ??ai?a ?aaeiio a iia?o?? aeeoeiaeo
i?ei?uaiue oeiiaiai i?noa aoaeaaeiaoaiiai ?aa?iio;
– ioe?ieoe ci?ie iieaciee?a noaio caei?ia’y a??iee?a a caeaaeiino? a?ae
aaee/eie ?aae?aoe?eiiai oaeoi?a ia ?iai/eo i?noeyo;
– aea/eoe aieea ?aae?aoe?eiiai oaeoi?a aoa?eueieo oaoo ia ??aaiue
caoai?thaaiino? c oei/aniaith ao?aoith i?aoeacaeaoiino? a??iee?a;
– ioe?ieoe ?aaeueia ?aae?aoe?eia iaaaioaaeaiiy ia a??iee?a aoa?eueieo
oaoo c o?aooaaiiyi ?aae?aoe?eiiai oaeoi?a ia ?iai/eo i?noeyo ? ?aaeiio a
iia?o?? aeeoeiaeo i?ei?uaiue;
– ?ic?iaeoe nenoaio caoiae?a i?io?eaeoeee oe?aeeeaiai aieeao
?aae?aoe?eiiai oaeoi?a, ui ae?? ia a??iee?a aoa?eueieo oaoo.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a. A ?acoeueoao? i?iaaaeaiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy:
– aeaii a?a??i?/io ioe?ieo eiiiiiaioai ?aae?aoe?eiiai oaeoi?a ia
?iai/eo i?noeyo a??iee?a aoa?eueieo oaoo;
– aecia/aii aianie eiiiiiaio?a ?aae?aoe?eiiai oaeoi?a ia ?iai/eo
i?noeyo aei ??aiy aieeao ia eaaai? oa aoaeoeaio aeico ii?ii?iaiiy
a??iee?a;
– anoaiiaeaii aieiaia cia/aiiy aei/??i?o i?iaeoeo?a ?iciaaeo ?aaeiio oa
ieei- ?aae?aoe?eiiai oaeoi?a a ?aae?aoe?eiiio iaaaioaaeaii? ia
a??iee?a ia ?iai/eo i?noeyo;
– i?iaaaeaii ei?aeoiee ?ic?aooiie aeic ii?ii?iaiiy a??iee?a c
o?aooaaiiyi niaoeeo?ee i?aoe? a??iee?a aoa?eueieo oaoo (/ano ?iaioe oa
ia’?io iia?o?y, ui aaeeoa? a??iee ca ??e, /ano aeei?enoaiiy cania?a
?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai caoenoo oa i?ioean?a ieeia?aeeeaaeaiiy a i?aaiao
aeeoaiiy);
– iieacaii, ui aenie? ?acia? ??ai? ?aaeiio o iia?o?? aeeoeiaeo
i?ei?uaiue oeiiaiai i?noa aoaeaaeiaoaiiai ?aa?iio aeyaeythoueny a
aoaeeieao, ye? ciaoiaeyoueny a ciiao aaieia?/ieo ii?ooaiue oa
?icoaooaaiiy oaooieo ae?iaie;
– aecia/aii ci?ie noaio caei?ia’y a??iee?a aoa?eueieo oaoo a
caeaaeiino? a?ae aaee/eie ?aae?aoe?eiiai iaaaioaaeaiiy;
– ioe?iaii ?aaeueio aoaeoeaio aeico ii?ii?iaiiy a??iee?a c o?aooaaiiyi
aoaeoeaii? aeice ii?ii?iaiiy a?ae ?aae?aoe?eiiai oaeoi?a ia ?iai/eo
i?noeyo oa i???ioiaii? aoaeoeaii? aeice ii?ii?iaiiy a?ae ?aaeiio iia?o?y
aeeoeiaeo i?ei?uaiue.
I?aeoe/ia cia/ou?noue ?iaioe. Ia iniia? a?a??i?/ii? ioe?iee ?O, ui ae??
ia a??iee?a aoa?eueieo oaoo, ?ic?iaeaia nenoaia caoiae?a uiaei
iioei?caoe?? oiia i?aoe?. Caaaeyee ai?iaaaeaeaiith nenoaie caoiae?a
i?ioe?aae?aoe?eiiai caoenoo Aeiiaoeueeith iaeNAN, Aeiiaoeueeith
iaeaniith e?ea?iath i?ioan?eieo caoai?thaaiue, ui eo???othoue aoa?eueio
aaeocue, aoei aeyaeaii oaeo aoaeoeai?noue: cieaeaiiy ??ai?a eiiiiiaio?a
?aae?aoe?eiiai oaeoi?a ia ?iai/eo i?noeyo – ieei?aae?aoe?eiiai oaeoi?a
ia 75 %, ?aaeiio, AeI? oa aei/??i?o i?iaeoeo?a ?iciaaeo oi?iio (AeIO) ia
50 %; o iiaoo? – ?aaeiio c AeI? aei ii?iaoeaiiai. Iaaeoiaeaeaiiy
?aae?iioee?ae?a aei i?aai?cio a??iee?a ia ?iai/iio i?noe? iiaeia
cieceoe aei 25 % (aeoe ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a?ae 24.06.99; 30.06.99).
Iaoa??aee nenoaie caoiae?a i?ioe?aae?aoe?eiiai caoenoo a??iee?a
aoa?eueieo oaoo aeei?enoiaothoueny a eaeoe?yo, ui noinothoueny caoiae?a
i?ioe?aae?aoe?eiiai caoenoo ianaeaiiy ia eaoaae?? a?a??ie oa aeieia??
Aeiiaoeueeiai aea?aeaaiiai iaaee/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i. I.Ai?ueeiai (aeoe
ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a?ae 13.06.99; 17.06.99).
Ia iniia? iaoa??ae?a aeine?aeaeaiue ?ic?iaeai? ? ai?iaaaeaeai? a
i?aeoeeo nai?oa?ii-ai?aeai?ieia?/ii? neoaeae, Aeiiaoeueei? iaeanii?
ee?i?ee i?ioan?eieo caoai?thaaiue oae? aeieoiaioe: 1. ?oeiaiaenoai ii
ioeaiea e eiio?ieth ?aaeeaoeeiiiie ianoaiiaee ia oaieueiuo oaooao. EAe
12.5.005-94 / Ain. eiieoao Oe?aeiu ii oaieueiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe, IaeIEE.
– 46n. 2. Nenoaia i?ioeeaeoeee a?aaeiiai aicaeaenoaey ?aaeiia
ia caei?iauea ianaeaiey oaeaaeiauaathueo ?aaeiiia Oe?aeiu: Iaoiaee/aneea
?aeiiaiaeaoeee / AeIOe AO e IO, AeiiAIO. – Aeiiaoee, 1995. – 12n.
3. Oiainueeee A.ss., Eanoeia Ae.I., Ia?oan I.A., I?eieaiei A.TH.
Nenoaia i?ioe?aae?aoe?eiiai caoenoo a??iee?a aoa?eueieo oaoo:
?ioi?iaoe?eiee eeno. – Aeiiaoeuee, 1998?. – 4n.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a. Aaoi?ii aea/aii eiiiiiaioe ?aae?aoe?eiiai
oaeoi?a ia ?iai/eo i?noeyo aoa?eueieo oaoo, ??ai? ?aaeiio o iia?o??
oeiiaiai i?noa aoaeaaeiaoaiiai ?aa?iio. Aeaii ioe?ieo ?aaeueiei aeicai
ii?ii?iaiiy a??iee?a c o?aooaaiiyi ?nioth/eo iaoiaee/ieo i?aeoiae?a.
Anoaiiaeaii ci?ie noaio caei?ia’y a??iee?a a caeaaeiino? a?ae aaee/eie
?aae?aoe?eiiai aieeao. ?ic?iaeaii nenoaio caoiae?a i?ioe?aae?aoe?eiiai
caoenoo a??iee?a aoa?eueieo oaoo.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy. ?acoeueoaoe ?iaioe aeeeaaeaii ?
iaaiai?aii ia: 1. Iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? “Technological enhanced natural
radiation caused by non-uranium mining” (Eatovice, Poland, 1996 ?.); 2.
O??? c’?cae? a?a??i?no?a Oe?a?ie “I??i?eoaoi? i?iaeaie a?a??i?/ii?
iaoee, iaaee/ii? aeieia??, nai?oa?ii? i?aeoeee oa ioi?iie caei?ia’y”
(Oa?e?a, Oe?a?ia, 1997 ?.); 3. Iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? “Medical
applications of mathematical and engineering sciences” (Oa?e?a, Oe?a?ia,
1998 ?.); 4. Iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? c i?aeia?iaeiith o/anoth
“Iiaia a yeieiaee e aaciianiinoe aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe” (Naieo-Iaoa?ao?a,
?in?y, 1999 ?.).
Ioae?eaoe??. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue iioae?eiaai? a 8 noaooyo
iaoeiaeo aeo?iae?a (6 ca ia?ae?eii AAE) ? ca??ieeao iaoeiaeo ?ia?o, 3
oacao aeiiia?aeae ia eiioa?aioe?yo.
No?oeoo?a ? ianya ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c? anooio, 5
?icae?e?a, ocaaaeueiaiiy ? aeniiae?a. Aeena?oaoe?y aeeeaaeaia ia 166
noi??ieao iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo (48 oaaeeoeue, 5 ?enoie?a). A?ae?ia?ao?y
aeeth/a? 167 a?o/eciyieo oa ?iicaiieo aeaea?ae.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
Ia’?eoe oa iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy. Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiue aoee ?iai/?
i?noey o aoa?eueieo oaooao, iia?o?y aeeoeiaeo aoaeeie?a ? ie?aieo
eaa?oe?, a??ieee iniiaieo i?aecaiieo i?ioan?e, iaaee/i?
iae?eiai-noaoenoe/i? oi?ie uiaei caoai?thaaiino? a??iee?a, ca?oi? oi?ie
aaoiiaoeciaaii? nenoaie e?euee?nii? ioe?iee ?ecee?a ?icaeoeo iniiaieo
iaoieia?/ieo neiae?ii?a (ANEI?N). Ianya aeine?aeaeaiue iaaaaeaiee o
oaaeeoe?.
Aea/aiiy ?aae?aoe?eii? ianoaiiaee o aoa?eueieo oaooao i?iaiaeeeinue
a?aeiia?aeii
Oaaeeoey
Ianya i?iaaaeaieo aeine?aeaeaiue
IieacieeeE?euee?noue1. Ia?aiao?e ?iai/eo i?noeue o aoa?eueieo oaooao
(aei???a): 1.1. eiiiiiaioe ?aae?aoe?eiiai oaeoi?a: – ciai?oi?
aaiia-aei?ii?ithaaiiy;11541 – ?aaeii;6954 – aei/??i? i?iaeoeoe ?iciaaeo
?aaeiio;6954 – aei/??i? i?iaeoeoe ?iciaaeo oi?iio;6954 – ieoiia
aeoeai?noue I?I ii ?aae?th-226, oi??th-232, eae?th-40 (aoa?eey oa
ii?iaee).
748 1.2. caieeai?noue iia?o?y;2800 1.3. ooi;1200
1.4. ia?aiao?e i?e?iee?iaoo:- oaiia?aoo?a iia?o?y;640- oaeaee?noue ?ooo
iia?o?y;640- aieia?noue iia?o?y.6402. ?aaeii a iia?o?? aeeoeiaeo
i?ei?uaiue (aei???a).13253. A?io?i?/i? oa aaiaoi?ioiieia?/i?
aeine?aeaeaiiy (in?a).374. Caoai?thaai?noue c oei/aniaith ao?aoith
i?aoeacaeaoiino? (eenoe).36825. Aeeniaina?ia niinoa?aaeaiiy ca
ianaeaiiyi (in?a).37146. Aieaoe ANEI?N (in?a).200
aei ?nioth/eo iaoiaee/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e (E??A, 1989) ? ea??aiiai
aeieoiaioa “?oeiaiaenoai ii ioeaiea e eiio?ieth ?aaeeaoeeiiiie
ianoaiiaee ia oaieueiuo oaooao. EAe 12.5.005-94”, ia noaae?yo
iiia?aaeiueiai (30 aoa?eueieo oaoo) ? aeaoaeueiiai ?aae?aoe?eiiai
ianoaaeaiiy (4 aoa?euei? oaooe). Aeacai? iaoiaee/i? aeieoiaioe ia
noia?a/aoue iieiaeaiiyi I?AO-97 i?i aecia/aiiy nooiaiy ?aae?aoe?eiiai
aieeao ? eiai ioe?ieo.
I?ae /an ?aae?aoe?eiiai ianoaaeaiiy aoa?eueii? oaooe aeeiioaaeeny oae?
aei??thaaiiy ? ?ic?aooiee: 1. aecia/aiiy ai?noo ?aaeiio ? aaee/eie
“i?eoiaaii? aia?a??” aei/??i?o i?iaeoeo?a ?iciaaeo ?aaeiio (AeI?) ?
oi?iio (AeIO) a eiio?ieueieo oi/eao; 2. aei??thaaiiy iiooaeiino?
iiaeeiaii? a iia?o?? aeice (IIAe) ciai?oiueiai aaiia-aei?ii?ithaaiiy; 3.
aecia/aiiy ai?noo i?e?iaeieo ?aae?iioee?ae?a (I?I) a i?iaao aoa?eey ?
ii??ae; 4. ?ic?aooiie aeiionoeieo ca I?I eiioeaio?aoe?e ieeo a iia?o??
?iai/i? ciie; 5. ?ic?aooiie ??/iiai iaaeoiaeaeaiiy (aeey ciai?oiueiai
aaiia-aei?ii?ithaaiiy – aea?aaeaioii? aeice) ?aaeiio, AeI? ?aaeiio, AeIO
? I?I a i?aai?ci a??iee?a; 6. ?ic?aooiie ??ai?a noia?iiai aieeao
eiiiiiaio?a ?O ia ?iai/eo i?noeyo ia a??iee?a; 7. ?ic?aooiie
aea?aaeaioieo aeic ii?ii?iaiiy eaaai?a (AAee) oa aoaeoeaieo aeic
ii?ii?iaiiy (AAe) a??iee?a c o?aooaaiiyi ?nioth/eo iaoiaee/ieo
i?aeoiae?a.
Aeey aecia/aiiy ia?aiao??a ?O canoiniaoaaeeny: aeiceiao? Ae?A-11O a
?oaeie/iiio aeaooicaoeuaiiio aeeiiaii?, eiiieaeo aia?aoo?e aeey
?aaeiiiaiai iii?oi?eiao E?I-1 (?AA 01, ?AA 01O, ?AA 01I),
aaiia-niaeo?iiao? ia aac? aiae?caoi?a AIA (NO-01O8). Iao?ieia?/ia
ia?aa??ea aia?aoo?e aeeiioaaeany ?? oiiaeio?eia/aie (IOOe “EI?I” i.
AEiao? Aiaee ? IaeIAe? i. Iae??aea) oa ca??aiiy ?o oa?aeoa?enoee
cae?enithaaeiny c aiaeiaaie IOe?I (i.Ee?a).
Ia o. “Ee?anueea” aoei a?ae?a?aii aea? a?oie a??iee?a (c ??ciei ??aiai
?aae?aoe?eiiai aieeao), a yeeo i?iaaaeaii aea/aiiy a?io?i?/ieo
iieaciee?a e?ia? oa aaiaoi-?ioiieia?/iiai noaio i?aai?cio. Aeeiiaii
aiae?c caoai?thaaiino? c oei/aniaith ao?aoith i?aoeacaeaoiino? (OAI)
(ca caaaeueiii?eeiyoith iaoiaeeeith) a??iee?a iniiaieo ae?eueieoeue
oe??? oaooe (ui ??ciyoueny ??aiyie ?O) ca 3 ?iee (na?aaeiy o?eaae?noue
ii?aoethaaiiy i/enii? eaae). C iaoith i?aaethaaiiy aieeao
“ia?aae?aoe?eieo” /eiiee?a ia noai caei?ia’y a??iee?a aoei aea/aii ??ai?
caieeaiino?, oa?aeoa?enoeee ooio, i?e?iee?iaoo ia iniiaieo i?aecaiieo
?iai/eo i?noeyo o. “Ee?anueea”.
Aei??thaaiiy eiioeaio?aoe?? ?aaeiio a aeeoeiaeo i?ei?uaiiyo
i?iaiaeeeiny ca?aeii c caaaeueiii?eeiyoeie iaoiaeeeaie aeoeaiei (oeyoii
i?iea/oaaiiy iia?o?y /a?ac i?iae aeoeaiaaiiai aoa?eey (?AA)) iaoiaeii ca
o/anoth oao?aoe?a “IOOe EI?I” i. AEiao? Aiaee (ea??aiee – e.o.i.
A.I.Iaeuei?/aiei ).
Aeei?enoiaoth/e caaaeueiii?eeiyo? i?aeoiaee, i?iaaaeaii aiae?c
iieaciee?a aeeniaina?iiai niinoa?aaeaiiyi ca ianaeaiiyi (ca io?oe?eieie
ca?oieie noaoenoe/ieie oi?iaie oeaio?aeueii? i?nueei? e?ea?i? (O-131/o),
ui i?iaeeaa? ia oa?aiaaoe/ieo ae?eueieoeyo, aea ?icoaoiaai? aoaeeiee c
??ciei ai?noii ?aaeiio a iia?o?? aeeoeiaeo i?ei?uaiue. Aea/aii ?eceee
?icaeoeo iniiaieo iaoieia?/ieo neiae?ii?a o ianaeaiiy, io?eiaieo a
?acoeueoao? ?aae?caoe?? ANEI?N, caeaaeii a?ae ??ai?a ?aaeiio a iia?o??
aeeoeiaeo i?ei?uaiue.
?aae?aoe?eiee oaeoi? ia ?iai/eo i?noeyo o aoa?eueieo oaooao. *ioe?e
aoa?euei? oaooe, ?acoeueoaoe ?aae?aoe?eiiai eiio?ieth yeeo iaaiaeyoueny,
a?ae?a?aii oaeei /eiii, uia i?iaeaiiino?oaaoe iiaeeea? aa??aioe
e?euee?niiai ni?aa?aeiioaiiy eiiiiiaio?a ?O, ?o aianeo a ??aaiue aieeao
ia eaaai? (?AE) ? aeice ii?ii?iaiiy a??iee?a. Oae, aeey o. “Eoaainueea”
oa?aeoa?ia i?eaeecii iaeiaeiaa cia/ou?noue AeI? ?aaeiio, AeIO ? I?O.
Aiae?c aeaieo ii o. ?i. Eaiono?ia iieaco? ci?ie aiane?a AeI? ?aaeiio,
AeIO ? I?O a ?O a caeaaeiino? a?ae oaoiieia?? i?iaaaeaiiy
i?io?aeieoeueeeo ?ia?o. ?O o. “Ea?aii?o”, ye ? a aaaaoueio
aoaeaaeiaoaieo i?aei?e?inoaao, aecia/a?oueny a iniiaiiio I?O. Aieiaio
?ieue a ?aae?aoe?eiiio aieea? ia a??iee?a o. “Ee?anueea” a?ae?a?athoue
AeI? ?aaeiio.
Aaee/eia ciai?oiueiai aaiia-aei?ii?ithaaiiy ia iniiaieo i?aecaiieo
?iai/eo i?noeyo, ye i?aaeei, ia ia?aaeuo? 50 ie?aiae-1. Cia/i? aaee/eie
IIAe ca?a?no?iaai? a ciiao ioeiiaa?iiaaeaeoaa/?a. Oae, a oeeo oi/eao ia
o. “Eoaainueea” IIAe ciai?oiueiai aaiia-aei?ii?ithaaiiy eieeaaeany a
iaaeao 87 – 300 ie?aiae-1 ? aecia/aeany ioeii, a ia oaooiith aiaeith.
Cia/i? aaee/eie oeueiai eiiiiiaioo ?O (aei 646 ie?aiae-1) iiaeooue
aecia/aoeny ia iaaiaeiaieo ae?eueieoeyo, a?ey o?oa aiaeia?aeeeao, aea
a?aei?/a?oueny a?aeeeaaeaiiy ioeo (o. “Eoaainueea”). Ia a?eueoino?
iniiaieo ?iai/eo i?noeue a eaaao ? i?ioiaeoe? IIAe ia ia?aaeuoaaea
ii?iaoeaii? aaee/eie.
?ic?aooiie aeic ii?ii?iaiiy a??iee?a a?ae ciai?oiueiai
aaiia-aei?ii?ithaaiiy i?iaiaeeany c aeei?enoaiiyi o?iiiiao?aaeieo
ci?iieo aeaieo (c o?aooaaiiyi /ano ?iaioe ia eiaeiiio iaiino?eiiio
?iai/iio i?noe?). Aeice ii?ii?iaiiy a?ae oeueiai eiiiiiaioa ?O, iaa?oue
eiee IIAe ia iaiino?eieo ?iai/eo i?noeyo cia/ia, ia ia?aaeuothoue
ii?iaoeao (EAe 12.5.005-94). Oae, aaee/eie AAe aoee a iaaeao a?ae 0,15
iCa??e-1 (0,030 iaeeieoeue ii?iaoeao, o. “Eoaainueea”) aei 0,37
iCa??e-1 (0,074 iaeeieoeue ii?iaoeao, o. “Ea?aii?o”), a AAee – a?ae
0,1 iCa??e-1 (0,007 iaeeieoeue a?aie/ii? aaee/eie, o.“Eoaainueea”) aei
0,25 iCa??e-1 (0,017 iaeeieoeue a?aie/ii? aaee/eie, o.
“Ea?aii?o”).
Ia’?iia aeoeai?noue ?aaeiio a iia?o?? ?iai/i? ciie ia aeinyaaea
a?aie/ii? aaee/eie. I?i?iaeueia cia/aiiy aeaiiai eiiiiiaioa ?O
ca?a?no?iaaia ia ??ai? 37 Aei-3 (o. “Ee?anueea”), iaeneiaeueia – 1765
Aei-3 (o. “Ee?anueea”). A?aeiia?aeii oeei aaee/eiai, ??/ia
iaaeoiaeaeaiiy ?aaeiio eieeaaeiny a iaaeao a?ae 9,3 104 Ae??e-1 (0,01
iaeeieoeue aeiionoeiiai ??/iiai iaaeoiaeaeaiiy (Ae?I)) aei 4,4 106
Ae??e-1 (0,31 iaeeieoeue Ae?I). Oaeei /eiii, ia aeyaeaii
iaaeii?iaoeaiiai ??/iiai iaaeoiaeaeaiiy ?aaeiio aei i?aai?cio a??iee?a.
??ai? AeI? ?aaeiio a iia?o?? ?iai/i? ciie iiaeooue aeinyaaoe cia/ieo
aaee/ei. Oae, ia o. “Eoaainueea” ca?a?no?iaai? aaee/eie ia’?iii?
aeoeaiino? AeI? ?aaeiio – 5,8 Aei-3, oiae? ye ia o. “Ee?anueea” aiia
aeinyaaea cia/aiue 699,3 Aei-3. Oiaoi, ??/ia iaaeoiaeaeaiiy AeI?
ci?ith?oueny a oe?ieeo iaaeao a?ae 1,5 104 Ae??e-1 (0,05 iaeeieoeue
Ae?I) aei 1,8 106 Ae??e-1 (6,43 iaeeieoeue Ae?I).
Iio??aii neacaoe, ui a caeaaeiino? a?ae oa?aeoa?enoeee no?oiaiy iia?o?y
(na?aeee aai aeo?aeiee), a iueiio ??cei ci?ith?oueny ai?no AeI? ?aaeiio.
Ia o. “Eoaainueea” i?i?iaeueia aaee/eia ia’?iii?
aeoeaiino? o aeo?aeiiio no?oiai? ca?a?no?iaaia ia ??ai? 26,0 Aei-3,
iaeneiaeueia – 193,6 Aei-3. ??/ia iaaeoiaeaeaiiy AeI? ?aaeiio,
a?aeiia?aeia oeei aaee/eiai, aei??aith? 6,5 104 Ae??e-1 (0,23
iaeeieoeue Ae?I) ? 4,8 105 Ae??e-1 (1,71 iaeeieoeue Ae?I). Iaea?eueo
aenie? ??ai? AeI? aoee o aeo?aeieo no?oiaiyo c i/enieo eaa ?
i?io?aeieoeueeeo caai?a. O oie aea /an ??/ia iaaeoiaeaeaiiy AeI? ?aaeiio
a?ae iia?o?y na?aeeo no?oiai?a, a aeiaeiiio c aeiaaee?a, ia ia?aaeuoaaei
0,39 iaeeieoeue Ae?I. Aeaia neooaoe?y iiynith?oueny niaoeeo?eith
o?oaeiaiai i?ioeano o aoa?euei?e oaoo?. C iaeiiai aieo, iaoai?/i? aieeae
(eiiaaeiii) ia ii?iaee ni?e/eiythoue ooai?aiiy o??uei, iieaaoothoue
aiaiaoe?th ?aaeiio c oiau? ii??ae. C ?ioiai – o aeo?aeiiio no?oiai?
a?aeaoaa?oueny iaeiie/aiiy i?iaeoeo?a ?iciaaeo ?aaeiio. A?eueo oiai i?e
iine?aeiai?e nenoai? aaioeeyoe?? no?oi?iue iia?o?y i?noeoue AeI? ?aaeiio
aeae?eueeio ae?iaie.
C?noaaeaiiy ia’?iieo aeoeaiinoae ?aaeiio ? eiai AeI? ia ?iai/eo i?noeyo
iieaco?, ui ??aiiaaaa i?ae ?aaeiiii ? eiai aei/??i?ie i?iaeoeoaie
?iciaaeo ia ianoa?. Oea iiynith?oueny ?ioaineai?noth aaioeeyoe?? o
aoa?euei?e oaoo?. Iaeiie/aiiy AeI? ?aaeiio a?aeaoaa?oueny c iiiaioo
aiaiaoe?? ?aaeiio a oaooio aoiinoa?o aei anoaiiaeaiiy ??aiiaaae. I?e
iino?ei?e eiioeaio?aoe?? ?aaeiio a iia?o?? ??aiiaaaa ianoa? i?eaeecii
/a?ac 3 aiaeeie, aea ia i?aeoeoe? oea niinoa??aa?oueny aeoaea ??aeei,
ine?eueee, ii-ia?oa, /an iia?o?iiai?io a oaoo? cae/aeii ia ia?aaeuo? 1
aiaeeio, a, ii-ae?oaa, /anoeia AeI? ?aaeiio in?aea? ia iiaa?oi? a??ie/eo
ae?iaie ? iaeaaeiaiiy. E??i oiai, aoaeue-ye? a??ie/? ae?iaee a o?e aai
?io?e i??? aiaiothoue, oiio ia’?iia aeoeai?noue ?aaeiio, ye i?aaeei,
aacia?a?aii ca?eueoo?oueny ii oiaeo aaioeeyoe?eiiai no?oiaiy.
Aaee/eie ia’?iii? aeoeaiino? AeIO iiaeooue (o. “Eoaainueea”)
aeinyaaoe 8,7 Aei-3 (??/ia iaaeoiaeaeaiiy 2,2 104 Ae??e-1 aai 1,0
iaeeieoeue Ae?I), a oie /an ye i?i?iaeueiee ??aaiue (o. “Ea?aii?o”)
noaiiaea 0,4 Aei-3 (1,0 103 Ae??e-1 ? 0,05 iaeeieoeue Ae?I). ??ai?
AeIO, aiaeia?/ii AeI? ?aaeiio, iaeneiaeuei? o aeo?aeieo no?oiaiyo c
i?ioiaeee ? i/enieo eaa ? iacia/i? a na?aeeo.
Oa, ui o aeo?aeieo no?oiaiyo aeyaeythoueny aenie? ia’?ii? aeoeaiino?
AeI? ?aaeiio ? AeIO, iaoiiaeth? cia/i? ??ai? ?aae?aoe?eiiai aieeao ia
o?eueee ia a??iee?a iniiaieo i?aecaiieo ?iai/eo i?noeue (caeiyoeo
aaciina?aaeiuei ia aeaeiaooeo aoa?eey ? i?iaaaeaii? i?io?aeieoeueeeo
?ia?o – i/eni? eaae ? i?ioiaeea), aea ? ia a??iee?a, ?iai/a i?noea yeeo
?icoaoiaaia acaeiaae aeo?aeiiai no?oiaiy, aea iaia? aenieeo
eiioeaio?aoe?e ieeo a iia?o?? ?iai/i? ciie ?, ye iane?aeie, i?aeoe/ii
ia aeei?enoiaothoueny caniae ?iaeea?aeoaeueiiai caoenoo (C?C),
iai?eeeaae, oea noino?oueny a??iee?a eiiaae???a.
Cia/aiiy I?O, ui ioe?ith?oueny ca ieoiiith aeoeai?noth aoa?eey (i/enia
eaaa) ? ii??ae (i?ioiaeea), aaaaoi a /iio caeaaeeoue a?ae ??aiy
caieeaiino? ia ?iai/eo i?noeyo. Iniaeea?noth aoa?eueieo oaoo (i/eni?
eaae ? i?ioiaeea) ? ia?aaeuaiiy caieeaiino?, a?aeiinii a?aie/ii?
aaee/eie, a aeanyoee ? iaa?oue nioi? ?ac?a. Aeey ioe?iee I?O oaeiae
aeei?enoiao?oueny i?aeo?ae (iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??, E??A, 1989), i?e
yeiio ?ic?aoiao?oueny a?aie/ia uiaei I?I eiioeaio?aoe?y ieeo ia ?iai/iio
i?noe?. A?aeiioaiiy na?aaeiuei??/ii? na?aaeiueici?iii? eiioeaio?aoe??
ieeo aei a?aie/ii? uiaei I?I eiioeaio?aoe?? na?ae/eoue i?i ia?aaeuaiiy
??/iiai iaaeoiaeaeaiiy I?I a?aeiinii aa?oiuei? iaae? oe??? aaee/eie.
Ieoiia aeoeai?noue aoa?eey ? ii??ae, ye i?aaeei, ia ia?aaeuo? eea?eiaeo
aaee/ei. Oae, oeiiaee aeey Aeiiaano ai?no ?aae?iioee?ae?a o aoa?eueieo
ieanoao, a?aeiinii ?aae?th-226 aei??aith? a?ae 4,0 Aeea-1 aei 48,51
Aeea-1, uiaei oi??th-232 a?ae 8,0 Aeea-1 aei 86,21 Aeea-1, eae?th-40
a?ae 0 Aeea-1 aei 238,65 Aeea-1. Uiaei ii??ae oe? aaee/eie neeaaeaee:
a?aeiinii ?aae?th-226 a?ae 22,57 Aeea-1 aei 122,84 Aeea-1,
oi??th-232 a?ae 38,35 Aeea-1 aei 95,09 Aeea-1, a eae?th-40 a?ae 37,74
Aeea-1aei 1270,95 Aeea-1.
I?io?aeieoeuee? ?iaioe i?iaiaeyoueny aeaiia iniiaieie niiniaaie:
iaoai?ciaaiei (eiiaaeiii) ? ao?ii?ae?eaiei. Iaoai?ciaaiee niin?a
noi?iaiaeyoue cia/i? eiioeaio?aoe?? ieeo a iia?o?? ?iai/i? ciie ?, ye
iane?aeie, aenie? ??ai? I?O. I?e oeueiio niinia? i?iaaaeaiiy ?ia?o
aaee/eia ??/iiai iaaeoiaeaeaiiy I?I aeinyaaea (i?e ioe?ioe? ii
na?aaeiaeuo) 6,46 iaeeieoeue Ae?I (o. ?i. Eaiono?ia). I?e
ao?ii?ae?eaiiio niinia? i?ioiaeee i?ae /an iaeneiaeueii? caieeaiino?
(a?ae?aco i?ney aeaooo) a??ieee (a?aeiia?aeii aei oaoi?ee aaciaee)
aeaaaeai? c i?io?aeieoeueeiai caaith. Oea iaoiiaeth? cia/ii iaio?, a
ii??aiyii? c eiiaaeiiaei niiniaii, cia/aiiy ??/iiai iaaeoiaeaeaiiy I?I –
a?ae 0,09 iaeeieoeue Ae?I aei 0,12 iaeeieoeue Ae?I (o. ?i.
Eaiono?ia).
C oi/ee ci?o ?aae?aoe?eii? aaciaee, noaiiaeoue aacia?a/iee ?ioa?an
ioe?iea ?AE a??iee?a aoa?eueieo oaoo. Aiae?c iaoeiai? e?oa?aoo?e iieacaa
(iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??, E??A, 1989), ui i?e ?ic?aooieao ?AE
ei?enoothoueny aeaieie na?aaeiaeua, oiaoi aei??yieie aaee/eiaie
eiiiiiaio?a ?O ia ?iai/eo i?noeyo. I/aaeaeii, ui oae? ?AE ? cia/ii
caaeuaieie, ine?eueee aeaiee i?aeo?ae ia a?aoiao? niaoeeo?eo o?oaeiaiai
i?ioeano o aoa?eueieo oaooao, a naia, /an aeei?enoaiiy C?C ? aeeiai?eo
ieeia?aeeeaaeaiiy. O “Ea??aieoeoa? ii ioe?ioe? oa eiio?ieth
?aae?aoe?eii? ianoaiiaee ia aoa?eueieo oaooao (EAe 12.5.005-94)”
cai?iiiiiaaii aeei?enoaoe iii?aai/iee eiao?oe??io 0,5, ui a?aoiao? oe?
/eiieee, i?e ?ic?aooieao ??/iiai iaaeoiaeaeaiiy AeI? ?aaeiio, AeIO ?
I?O.
Iaiao?aeii ei?aeooaaoe neeaaeia? ?AE c oi/ee ci?o ?aaeueiiai aieeao ?O
ia a??iee?a. ?ic?aooiee ?AE ca iaoiaee/ieie ?aeiiaiaeaoe?yie E??Aa
i?iaiaeyoueny, aeoiaey/e c /ano ?iaioe 1700 aiaeei ia ??e ? 2500 i3
ia’?i iia?o?y, ui aaeeoa?oueny ca ??e. Iani?aaae? a??iee ia? 220
aeoiae?a ia ?iaioo ca ??e, oiaoi 1320 aiaeei ca ??e (oanoeaiaeeiia
ci?ia). Ia’?i aeeoaiiy ca ci?io i?iii?oe?eiee oyaeeino? i?aoe?. O
a?eueoino? aeiaaee?a, i?e iaoai?ciaaiiio niinia? aeaeiaooeo aoa?eey ?
i?iaaaeaii? i?io?aeieoeueeeo ?ia?o (iaoei?no a??ie/i-aeeiaeueieo iaoei,
no?oaiai? onoaiiaee, i?io?aeieoeueeiai eiiaaeia ? o.ae.) ia iniiaieo
i?aecaiieo ?iai/eo i?noeyo, oey aaee/eia noaiiaeoue 8 i3 ca ci?io
(Nooaiia A.A. e ae?., 1985), oiaoi 1760 i3 a ??e. Oaeei /eiii,
i?aaii??ii aeei?enoiaoaaoe iii?aai/iee eiao?oe??io 0,7 ia
aaiia-aei?ii?ithaaiiy, AeI? ?aaeiio, AeIO ? I?O.
Cia/aiiy ?AE, ?ic?aoiaaiee ca?aeii c iaoiaee/ieie aeieoiaioaie (E??A,
1989), cia/ii ia?aaeuo? ?aaeueiee ??aaiue aieeao ia a??iee?a. O
ia?aaaaei?e a?eueoino? aeiaaee?a a?i ia?aaeuoaaa iaeeieoeth, ? eieeaaany
a?ae 1,10 oiiaieo iaeeieoeue (oi. iae.) aei 7,75 oi.iae. oa a?ae 0,62
aei 7,49 oi. iae. a eaaao ? i?ioiaeoe?, a?aeiia?aeii. Iaeiae ei?aeoiee
(c o?aooaaiiyi iii?aaie) ?ic?aooiie ?AE iieaco?, ui ?aaeueii aeaia
aaee/eia iiaea cieaeoaaoeny iaeaea ao?e/? ? aooe cia/ii iaioith i?ae
ii?iaoeaia. I?i?iaeueiee – 0,4 oi. iae. ? iaeneiaeueiee – 2,73 oi. iae.
aieea ia eaaai? a??iee?a i/enieo eaa aecia/aii ia o. “Ee?anueea”.
Cia/iee ?AE oa?aeoa?iee aeey i?ioiaeee c eiiaaeiiaei niiniaii aaaeaiiy
?ia?o (o. ?i. Eaiono?ia) ? iecueeee – c ao?ii?ae?eaiei niiniaii (o. ?i.
Eaiono?ia), ui aecia/a?oueny aaee/eiith I?O.
Aianie eiaeiiai eiiiiiaioa ?O a ?AE aeineoue ??ciee, ye i?e ii??aiyii?
aoa?eueieo i?aei?e?inoa i?ae niaith, oae ? a iaaeao iaei??? aoa?eueii?
oaooe. Eiai aaee/eia caeaaeeoue a?ae aoaeoeaiino? aaioeeyoe?? ?
ieeii?eaiiaethth/eo caoiae?a, niiniao i?iaaaeaiiy a??ie/eo ?ia?o oa ?i.
Iaoa??aee ii /ioe?ueio aoa?eueieo oaooao ?ethno?othoue iiaeeea?
niieo/aiiy cia/ouino? ie?aieo neeaaeiaeo ?O. Oae, ia o. “Eoaainueea”
AeI? ?aaeiio a?aeiia?aeathoue ca 21,1 % – 58,1 % (a na?aaeiueiio 33,6
6,8 %) a?ae ?AE, AeIO – 13,8 % – 34,3 % (23,4 3,7 %), I?O neeaaea?
a?ae 22,5 % aei 64,1 % (42,2 8,0 %) ?AE, ciai?oi?
aaiia-aei?ii?ithaaiiy aiineoue o ?AE ia a?eueoa ye 1,6 % (0,8 0,1 %).
Oiaoi ia aeaiiio i?aei?e?inoa? aianie neeaaeiaeo ?O (e??i ciai?oiueiai
aaiia-aei?ii?ithaaiiy) o ?AE a?aeiinii ??aiii??iee.
?ioa neooaoe?y neeaaea?oueny ia o. “Ea?aii?o”. *a?ac iaaaeaeaaoi?noue
?iaioe nenoaie aaioeeyoe??, iecueeo aoaeoeai?noue ieeii?eaiiaeaiiy
cia/io ?ieue a ?AE a?ae?a?a? I?O. Eiai aianie aeinyaa? 95,8 % (a
na?aaeiueiio 85,5 3,6 %). AeI? ?aaeiio ? AeIO a aeayeeo ae?iaeao
a?aeiia?aeathoue ca 14,3 % ?AE, a a na?aaeiueiio ca 7,5 1,8 % ?
5,4 1,7 %, a?aeiia?aeii.
I?e ao?ii?ae?eaiiio niinia? i?iaaaeaiiy i?io?aeieoeueeeo ?ia?o I?O
aiinea o ?AE iaeneioi 17 %, i?e eiiaaeiiaiio niinia? – 86,1 % (o. ?i.
Eaiono?ia). O ?ac? iecueeiai aianeo I?O a ?AE a i?ioiaeoe? c
ao?ii?ae?eaiei aaaeaiiyi a??ie/eo ?ia?o aei 75,8 % a?ae oe??? aaee/eie
neeaaeaee AeIO (o. ?i. Eaiono?ia).
Ia aeayeeo aoa?eueieo i?aei?e?inoaao ia ia?oa i?noea ii cia/ouino?
aenooiathoue AeI? ?aaeiio. Oae, ia o. “Ee?anueea” aei 75,5 % ?AE a
i/enieo eaaao ? aei 84,4 % ?AE a i?ioiaeoe? i?eiaaea? ia AeI? ?aaeiio (a
na?aaeiueiio 50,6 10,4 %).
A??ieee aoa?eueieo oaoo caciathoue aieeao oaoiiaaiii-i?aeneeaieo
aeaea?ae i?e?iaeiiai iioiaeaeaiiy (I?AO-97, ?icae?e 8.7.1). Oea
ii?ii?iaiiy yaey?oueny iaieio/ei, aeanoeaei eiie?aoiiio ae?iaieoeoao.
Ca?aeii c ?ic’yniaiiyie ?aae?aoe?eii-a?a??i?/ieo ?aaeaiaio?a /aoaa?oi?
a?oie (I?AO-97) ??ai? iaia’yceiaeo ae?e aeey oeeo ae?iaieoeoa
?aaeaiaioothoueny ie?aieie aeieoiaioaie I?i?noa?noaa ioi?iie caei?ia’y
Oe?a?ie. Ia oeae /an i?e cae?eniaii? ?aae?aoe?eiiai eiio?ieth ia ?iai/eo
i?noeyo a aoa?eueieo oaooao ea?othoueny oaeeie iaoiaee/ieie
aeieoiaioaie, ye EAe 12.5.005-94 oa iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe?? E??Aa
(1989). O ea??aiiio aeieoiaio? c ?aae?aoe?eiiai eiio?ieth o aoa?euei?e
i?iieneiaino? (EAe 12.5.005-94) caeeaaeaii ii?iaoeae aeey AAee ? AAe
a??iee?a ia ??ai? 15 iCa??e-1 ? 5 iCa??e-1, a?aeiia?aeii. I?eioeeie
?aae?aoe?eiiai eiio?ieth aeaiiai aeieoiaioa ia noia?a/aoue iniiaiei
iieiaeaiiyi I?AO-97, ui aeicaiey? aeei?enoiaoaaoe eiai a ?iaio?.
sseui i?iaanoe ?ic?aooiie AAee a??iee?a, aa?o/e ca iniiao aaniethoi?
aaee/eie eiiiiiaio?a ?O ia ?iai/iio i?noe? (E??A, 1989), oey aaee/eia a
aeae?eueea ?ac?a ia?aaeuo? ii?iaoeaio. I?aeoe/ii o an?o aeiaaeeao
aecia/aiiy AAee aac o?aooaaiiy niaoeeo?ee o?oaeiai? ae?yeueiino? o
aoa?euei?e oaoo? i?ecaiaeeei aei oiai, ui oeae iieaciee aoa a?eueoei,
i?ae 15 iCa??e-1.
?aaeueia eieeaaiiy AAee a??iee?a (?ic?aooiee ca?aeii c EAe 12.5.005-94)
neeaaea?: ii i/enieo eaaao a?ae 6,0 iCa??e-1 (o. “Ee?anueea”) aei 41
iCa??e-1 (o. “Ee?anueea”), i?io?aeieoeueeeo caaiyo – 3,5 iCa??e-1 (o.
“Eoaainueea”) – 39,8 iCa??e-1 (o. ?i. Eaiono?ia). Iacaeaaeii a?ae oiai,
aea ?icoaoiaaia ?iai/a i?noea, a i?ioiaeoe? /e a i/eni?e eaa?, AAee
iiaea ia?aaeuoaaoe ii?iaoea aeey aeaii? eaoaai??? ianaeaiiy. Iaeiaio?
cia/aiiy oe??? aaee/eie oa?aeoa?i? aeey a??iee?a i?ioiaeee c
ao?ii?ae?eaiei niiniaii ?ia?o.
Iaiao?aeii cacia/eoe, ui aaniethoi? aaee/eie AAee a??iee?a, ye?
?ic?aoiaai? a?aeiia?aeii aei eiao?oe??io?a I?AO-97, aeu? (eaaa – a?ae
25,8 iCa??e-1 aei 111,1 iCa??e-1, i?ioiaeea – a?ae 5,8 iCa??e-1 aei
163,3 iCa??e-1), i?ae aiaeia?/i? aaee/eie, ui io?eiai? a?aeiia?aeii aei
iieiaeaiue aeieoiaio?a uiaei ?aae?aoe?eiiai eiio?ieth o aoa?euei?e
aaeoc?. A?aenooi?noue o I?AO-97 e?i?oo oe??? oa?aeoa?enoeee ii?ii?iaiiy
aeaii? eaoaai??? ianaeaiiy (a?ae oaoiiaaiii-i?aeneeaieo aeaea?ae)
aeicaiey? i?iaanoe o?eueee ii??aiyeueio ioe?ieo AAee.
I??a ?aae?aoe?eiiai ?eceeo oaeiae ioe?ithaaeany ca?aeii c
?aeiiaiaeaoe?yie IE?C ii AAe, ui a?aoiao? ii?ii?iaiiy an?o i?aai?a ?
oeaiei ethaeeie i?e iaeii/aniiio aieea? eiiiiiaio?a ?O ia ?iai/eo
i?noeyo. AAe aecia/aeany i?aenoiiaoaaiiyi aeic a?ae eiaeii?
neeaaeiai? ?O.
AAe a??iee?a aoa?eueieo oaoo (?en.), ia yeeo i?iaaaeaii aeaoaeueia
?aae?aoe?eia ianoaaeaiiy (c o?aooaaiiyi iii?aai/ieo eiao?oe??io?a),
aeinyaa? cia/aiiy 13,3 iCa??e-1 a i/eni?e eaa? (o.
“Ee?anueea”) ? 19,6 iCa??e-1 a i?ioiaeoe? (o. ?i. Eaiono?ia).
picscalex100010009000003790a00000a00350000000000050000000902000000000500
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0700000016040c014e0200000000040000002d010300040000002d010100040000002d01
0600040000002701ffff030000001e00040000002d010400040000002d01020004000000
2d010500050000000102ffffff00050000000902000000000700000016040c014e020000
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6f0007000e000000f82eb3ec2ecae0eff3f1f2b3ede00b00040003000a0004000b000700
090007000700070003000900070018000000320a45001a000b000000f82e20cae0f0e1ee
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0a000000f82ecae8bfe2f1fceae00b0004000b0009000300080007000700070007000400
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2d010700040000002d010300040000002d010100040000002d010600040000002701ffff
030000001e00040000002d010700040000002d010200040000002d010500050000000102
ffffff0005000000090200000000070000001604b70045029a00e0010400000004010d00
04000000020101001b000000320a9f00e2010d000000c5c42c20ecc7e220e3eee42d3100
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ff00040000000201010028000000320ad800580116000000ece0eaf1e8ece0ebfcede020
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0b0004000800040008000700080003000400040000002d010300040000002d0101000400
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0e00040000002d010300040000002d010100040000002d010600040000002701ffff0300
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00002d010800040000002d01020004000000f0010800040000002d01030004000000f001
0500040000002701ffff050000000c020c014e02030000001e00050000000102ffffff00
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00000000000000000000
?en. Aoaeoeai? aeice ii?ii?iaiiy a??iee?a aoa?eueieo oaoo
Cia/ou?noue ie?aieo eiiiiiaio?a ?O ioe?ithaaeany ii a?aeiioaiith
coiiaeaieo ieie aeic aei ?o noie. Aianie ciai?oiueiai
aaiia-aei?ii?ithaaiiy a AAe, ye i?aaeei, ia ia?aaeuoaaa 8 % – 9 %.
O?eueee a oeo aeiaaeeao, eiee AAe aoea cia/ii iaioith ca ii?iaoea – a?ae
0,7 iCa??e-1 aei 1 iCa??e-1, /anoea oeueiai eiiiiiaioo ?O iiaea
aeinyaaoe 17 %, ui iiynith?oueny ia aenieeie cia/aiiyie IIAe, a
iecueeeie aaee/eiaie ?ioeo neeaaeiaeo ?O.
Aianie AeI? ?aaeiio a AAe eieeaaany a oe?ieeo iaaeao – a?ae 1,0 %
(o. “Ea?aii?o”) aei 75,8 % (o. “Ee?anueea”). *anoea AeIO a
AAe neeaaeaea a?ae 0,2 % (o. “Ea?aii?o”) aei 28,6 % (o. ?i.
Eaiono?ia). I?O aoa a?aeiia?aeaeueiee ca 18,2 % (o. “Ee?anueea”) –
96,8 % (o. “Ea?aii?o”) a?ae AAe.
Aiae?c aeaieo iiia?aaeiueiai ?aae?aoe?eiiai ianoaaeaiiy 30 aoa?eueieo
oaoo iieaco?, ui noia?i? aaee/eie AAe a?ae an?o neeaaeiaeo ?O iathoue
oe?ie? iaae? eieeaaiiy (a?ae 0,5 iCa??e-1 aei 20,0 iCa??e-1). Iieacaii,
ui anoia?a/ ?nioth/?e aeoioe?, aianie aaiia-aei?ii?ithaaiiy a
?aae?aoe?eia iaaaioaaeaiiy, ui i?eiaaea? ia i?aai?ci a??iee?a, iaeee.
A?i ia ia?aaeuo? 9 % (iaeneiaeueia cia/aiiy 31 % aoei ?ic?aoiaaia aeey
aoa?eueiiai i?aei?e?inoaa, aea noia?ia AAe aei??aith? 0,5 iCa??e-1,
oiaoi aaee/eia 31% coiiaeaia ia aenieei cia/aiiyi IIAe ciai?oiueiai
aaiia-aei?ii?ithaaiiy, a iecueeeie aaee/eiaie AeI? ?aaeiio ? I?O). Aeey
AeI? ?aaeiio eieeaaiiy cia/aiue aaeeea, ?o aianie aeinyaa? 76 % a?ae
noia?ii? AAe, o 3/4 aeiaaee?a – ia a?eueoa ca 30 %. A iniiai?e ian? (78
% aeiaaee?a) /anoea AeIO iacia/ia – ia a?eueoa ca 10 %. Iaeiae a ie?aieo
oaooao, aea ??aaiue oeueiai eiiiiiaioa ?O a?aeiinii aenieee, a?i iiaea
noaiiaeoe iaeaea 30 % a?ae noia?ii? aeice ii?ii?iaiiy a??iee?a. Aianie
I?O ia ia?aaeuo? 20 % o?eueee a 13 % ianoaaeaieo oaoo, aea aai aeoaea
iecueea caieeai?noue iia?o?y ?iai/i? ciie, aai aenie? ??ai? ?ioeo
eiiiiiaio?a ?O. A iniiaiiio ?iaaeyoe?eia iaaeoiaeaeaiiy ieeo noaiiaeoue
60 – 96 % noia?ii? AAe.
Iaiao?aeii cacia/eoe, ui aeai? aeaoaeueiiai ianoaaeaiiy /ioe?ueio
aoa?eueieo oaoo, ui i?aaenoaaeai? a ?iaio?, aeineoue iiaii ?ethno?othoue
a?aieoe? eieeaaiue neeaaeiaeo ?O, ye? cono??/athoueny ia aoa?eueieo
i?aei?e?inoaao Aeiiaano.
?aaeii iia?o?y aeeoeiaeo i?ei?uaiue. Aeey aea/aiiy ?aaeueiiai
?aae?aoe?eiiai aieeao (c o?aooaaiiyi ?O ia ?iai/eo i?noeyo ? ?aaeiio
iia?o?y aeeoeiaeo i?ei?uaiue) ia a??iee?a i?iaaaeaii aecia/aiiy ai?noo
?aaeiio a iia?o?? aeeoea 100 a??iee?a iniiaieo i?aecaiieo i?ioan?e o.
“Ee?anueea”. Eieeaaiiy A?IA ?aaeiio neeaee a?ae 25 Aei-3 aei 306 Aei-3
(na?aaei? cia/aiiy 94,4 Aei-3). Aeei?enoiaoth/e iieiaeaiiy aeiiia?ae?
IE?C ?65, aoee ?ic?aoiaai? i???ioiai? AAe ii?ii?iaiiy a?ae ?aaeiio a
iia?o?? aeeoeiaeo i?ei?uaiue.
I?e iaeeaaeaii? noaie ?icoaooaaiiy oaooieo ae?iaie, noaie aaieia?/ieo
ii?ooaiue i?noeaaino? c ea?oith i?noa (?icoaooaaiiyi ianoaaeaieo
aoaeeie?a) anoaiiaeaii, ui ia?aaaaeia a?eueo?noue aeii?aie c i?aeaeuaiei
ai?noii a iia?o?? ?aaeiio ciaoiaeyoueny naia iaae oeeie ciiaie.
I?aenoiiaoaaiiy AAe a?ae ?O ia ?iai/eo i?noeyo ? i???ioiaieo AAe a?ae
?aaeiio iia?o?y aeeoeiaeo i?ei?uaiue aeicaieeei io?eiaoe i???ioiai?
?aaeuei? AAe ii?ii?iaiiy a??iee?a o. “Ee?anueea”. Anoaiiaeaii, ui
i???ioiai? AAe a?ae ?aaeiio a aeeoe? neeaaeathoue a?ae 1,6
iCa??e-1 aei 19,6 iCa??e-1 (a na?aaeiueiio 6,0 iCa??e-1). Aeoiaey/e c
oeueiai, ?aaeuei? i???ioiai? AAe ii?ii?iaiiy a??iee?a i/enieo eaa
eieeaathoueny a iaaeao a?ae 4,9 iCa??e-1 aei 32,9 iCa??e-1, a a
i?ioiaeoe? oe? aaee/eie noaiiaeee, a?aeiia?aeii, 2,7 iCa??e-1 ?
29,8 iCa??e-1.
Aiae?c ?aaeueieo aaee/ei AAe iieaco?, ui aac o?aooaaiiy AAe a?ae
?aaeiio iia?o?y aeeoeiaeo i?ei?uaiue iaiiaeeeai aaeaeaaoii ioe?ithaaoe
?aae?aoe?eiee aieea ia aeaiee eiioeiaaio ianaeaiiy. O aeayeeo aeiaaeeao
?aaeii aeeoea aea? a?eueoee, i?ae ?O ia ?iai/eo i?noeyo, aianie a
?aaeueio AAe. Aeoiaey/e c ioe?iie ?iciaoo AAe a?ae ?O aoa?eueiiai
i?aei?e?inoaa ? AAe ?aaeiio aeeoea (a??ieee o. Ee?anueea) aeaeii, ui AAe
ii?ii?iaiiy a?ae ?aaeiio aeeoea neeaaea? a?ae 32,5 % aei 59,6 % noia?ii?
AAe a??iee?a i/enieo eaa ? a?ae 59,3 % aei 65,8 % a i?ioiaeoe?.
Ci?ie o noai? caei?ia’y a??iee?a. A?aei?/aii oaiaeaioe?th aei
iineeaiiy ?ioaineaiino? ia?aeenieo i?ioean?a o a??iee?a, o yeeo ia
?iai/eo i?noeyo aeyaeaii iaaeii?iaoeai? ??ai? ?O (I a?oia). Oea
ae?aaea?oueny a a?eueo aenieiio ai?no? i?iaeoeo?a ia?aeeniiai ieeneaiiy
e?i?ae?a – iaeiiiaiai aeeaeueaeaa?aeo 6,5 0,7 (ieiieue/e), ae??iiaeo
eii’thaao?a (4,5 0,4 iiieue/e) ? a??ia?aeiiio ia?aaeuaii? ia?aeeniiai
aaiie?co a?eo?ioeeo?a (61,6 2,1 %, ?
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