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Теоретичні основи проектування системи морського транспортування газів: Автореф. дис… д-ра техн. наук / В.В. Зайцев, Севастоп. держ. техн. ун-т. — С

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NAAANOIIIEUeNUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE OAOI?*IEE OI?AA?NEOAO

CAEOeAA AIEIAeEIE? AANEEUeIAE*

OAeE 629.124.74.123.561.12.011.1

OAI?AOE*I? INIIAE I?IAEOOAAIIss NENOAIE II?NUeEIAI O?AINII?OOAAIIss
AAC?A

niaoe?aeuei?noue 05.15.12 – ?ic?iaea ii?nueeeo

?iaeiaeu ei?enieo eiiaeei

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

aeieoi?a oaoi?/ieo iaoe

Naaanoiiieue – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien

?iaioa aeeiiaia a Oe?a?inueeiio aea?aeaaiiio ii?nueeiio oaoi?/iiio
oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? aaei??aea Iaea?iaa I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie

Iaoeiaee eiinoeueoaio aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Eaca?acia
Aiaoie?e sseiae/, Oe?a?inueeee aea?aeaaiee ii?nueeee oaoi?/iee
oi?aa?neoao ?iai? aaei??aea Iaea?iaa, caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e ii?nueeeo
oaoiieia?e

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:

aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? ?aeia Ieaen?e ?aaiiae/,
Naaanoiiieuenueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao, i?ioani? eaoaae?e
ieaaiioaoi?ee ? ei?aaeaaoaeoaaiiy

aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? ss?aiae/oe ?iiai Naiaiiae/,
?aaii-O?aie?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao iaooe ? aaco,
caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e ii?nueeeo iaooiaaciaeo nii?oae

aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Aa?aea/aa TH??e Ieeieaeiae/,
Oa?niinueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao, ?aeoi?

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa

AAO “Oe?a?inueeee iaooiaaciaee ?inoeooo”, Aea?aeiaooiaaci?iio Oe?a?ie,
i. Ee?a

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 25 eenoiiaaea 1999 ?. i 15 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 50.052.01 Naaanoiiieuenueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo, 99053, i. Naaanoiiieue,
No??eaoeueea aaeea, Nooaei?noa/ei, NaaAeOO

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a iaoeia?e a?ae?ioaoe?
Naaanoiiieuenueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 18 aeiaoiy 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee

aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe
AEaeaciye A.A.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. ?iciaae ?aaeyinueeiai Nithco i?ea?a aei oiai, ui
aeey Oe?a?ie aeaea?aea aia?aiiin??a caeeoeeeny ca ei?aeiiii – o ?in??,
Oo?eiai??, Aca?aaeaeaeai?, Eacaonoai?. Ca aeaieie I?iaeiiii?ee, Oe?a?ia
?iii?oo? 15 % aoa?eey, 80 % i?e?iaeiiai aaco, 90 % iaooe, i?aeoe/ii ana
iaeeai aeey AAN.

O na?oia?e eeaneo?eaoe?? Oe?a?ia caeia?: ii ia’?iao o?aiceoo aaco /a?ac
naith oa?eoi??th 1 i?noea; ii ia’?iao ?iii?oo aaco – 3 i?noea; ii
ia’?iao aaciniiaeeaaiiy – 6 i?noea; ii ia’?iao aeaeiaooeo aaco – 25
i?noea. ?ica’ycaiiy i?iaeaie ?icaeoeo iaeeai-aia?aaoe/iiai eiiieaeno ?
caaeiaieaiiy iio?aa ia?iaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa Oe?a?ie a on?o aeaeao
iaeeaa oa aia?a?? iiaeeeai aeaiia oeyoaie: aai ?ica?aeeith ?
ca?eueoaiiyi ae?iaieoeoaa aeanieo aia?aiiin??a, aai ?oi?i ?iii?oii.
Caeaaei?noue Oe?a?ie a?ae ?iii?oo aia?aiiin??a ii?iaeaeo? a oaia??oi?e
/an iaeaino??oo i?iaeaio aeeaa?neo?eaoe?? ciai?oi?o aeaea?ae ?oi?o
iinoa/aiue ? a ia?oo /a?ao iaooe ? aaco. Iaoe?iiaeueia i?ia?aia
aeaeiaooeo ? ia?a?iaee iaooii?iaeoeo?a “Iaooa ? aac Oe?a?ie aei 2010
?ieo” ? Iinoaiiaa “I?i Iaoe?iiaeueio aia?aaoe/io i?ia?aio Oe?a?ie aei
2010 ?ieo” ia?aaeaa/a? noai?aiiy iiaeo oeyo?a iinoa/aiue iaooii?iaeoeo?a
c aeueoa?iaoeaieo aeaea?ae.

Iaoa iiooeo aeueoa?iaoeaieo aeaea?ae aia?ai?ano?n?a ? niinia?a ?oiuei?
aeinoaaee – caaacia/aiiy aia?aaoe/ii? oa aeiiii?/ii? aaciaee ?
iacaeaaeiino? e?a?ie, ciaioaiiy aeo?ao ia iaeeai-aia?aaoe/iee eiiieaen,
noai?aiiy iiaeo ?iai/eo i?noeue ? ciaioaiiy aac?ia?ooy. Aeey Oe?a?ie
iiooe aeueoa?iaoeaieo aeaea?ae aia?aiiinoa/aiiy – oea cieaeaiiy
caeaaeiino? a?ae ?in?? ? a?ae ?? oe?i ia aac, ca yeee Oe?a?ia ia?aiea/o?
a?ey 2 ie?ae.USD o ??e.

Oaeei /eiii, noai?aiiy a Oe?a?i? nenoaie ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy
aac?a noaeaie-aaciaicaie – oea ?aeeii iiaeeeaee aa??aio
aeeaa?neo?eaoe??. Nenoaia ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aaco, aieiaiei
aeaiaioii yei? ? oeio aaciaic?a, aeicaieeoue o caeaaeiino? a?ae
aeiiii?/ii? ? iie?oe/ii? aeioe?eueiino?, a oaeiae eiiuetheoo?e oe?i,
ci?ithaaoe e?a?ie-iinoa/aeueieee aaco. Aeey cieaeaiiy aia?aaoe/ii?
caeaaeiino? Oe?a?ie a?ae ?in?? iiaeeeaa o?ainii?ooaaiiy aaco c ?iaeiaeu,
?icoaoiaaieo ia Aeecueeiio Noiae? oa Aeaee??. I?e oeueiio ii?nuee?
noaea-aaciaice ? ?aeeii aeiiii?/ii aea?aeieie niiniaaie o?ainii?ooaaiiy
aaco a Oe?a?io.

A?aenooi?noue aeina?aeo i?iaeooaaiiy, aoae?aieoeoaa oa aenieoaoaoe??
noaeai-aaciaic?a, a oaeiae oai?aoe/ieo iniia i?iaeooaaiiy nenoaie
ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a a Oe?a?i? aeaco? ia aeooaeuei?noue
oaie. E??i oiai, aeooaeuei?noue oaie iieyaa? a iiaeeeaino? noai?aiiy a
Oe?a?i? nenoaie ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a noaeaie-aaciaicaie ?
ia?aaeoiia aeey a?o/eciyii? aace ?? i?iaeooaaiiy, aenieoaoaoe?? ?
aoae?aieoeoaa, a oaeiae i?iaeooaaiiy ? aoae?aieoeoaa na??? aaciaic?a ?
caaacia/aiiy o?ainii?oiiai ei?eaei?o /a?ac oa?eoi??th Oe?a?ie c iaoith
iinoa/aiiy c??aeaeaiiai ?in?enueeiai aaco a ?a?iio ? Oo?a//eio;
iiaeeeaino? caaaioaaeaiiy oe?a?inueeeo noaeiiaoae?aieo aa?oae, noai?aiiy
iiaeo ?iai/eo i?noeue, iaea?aeaiiy aaeeeeo i?eaooe?a a?ae ia?aaaethaaiiy
? o?ainii?ooaaiiy c??aeaeaiiai aaco, noai?aiiy I?aaee eeaneo?eaoe?? ?
aoae?aieoeoaa aaciaic?a ?aa?no?a noaeiiieaanoaa Oe?a?ie; iiaeeeaino?
aeinoaaee aaco a?ae ao?iai? onoaiiaee aei aa?aaiaiai noiaeua aai
niiaeeaa/a c iaeith nia?aa?o?noth ? a?aeiiae a?ae aei?iaeo ii?nueeeo
o?oaii?iaiae?a.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa
ocaaaeueith? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue, aeeiiaieo aaoi?ii o ?aieao
oaeeo ieai?a: caaaeueiiai ieaio iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue ii ?ic?iaoe?
iaoiae?a ?ic?aooieo i?oeiino? noaeai iiaeo oei?a Oe?a?inueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai ii?nueeiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? aaei??aea
Iaea?iaa; Aea?aeaaiiai eii?aeeiaoe?eiiai ieaio: “Aia?ai?ano?ne ?
aia?aicaa?aaeaiiy ia aiaeiiio o?ainii?o? Oe?a?ie”, ieaio iaoeiaiai
iai?yieo “?ic?iaea ii?iaoeaii? aeieoiaioaoe??” i?ae ea??aieoeoaii
I?aceaeaioa Aeaaeai?? iaoe noaeiiaoaeoaaiiy, ?aeoi?a OAeIOO ae.o.i.
i?ioani?a ?iiaiianueeiai A.O.

Iaoa ?iaioe. Iaoith ?iaioe ? noai?aiiy caaaeueieo iaoiae?a oai?aoe/ieo
iniia i?iaeooaaiiy ? ?ic?aooie?a, a oaeiae iaea?aeaiiy iaoeiai –
iaa?oioiaaieo ?acoeueoao?a ii i?eioeeiiai iiaiio aeey oe?a?inueei?
aaeocaai? iaoee ?ic?iaee ii?nueeeo ?iaeiaeu ei?enieo eiiaeei ?c
aeei?enoaiiyi o nenoai? ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a iiaiai a
noaeiiaoae?ai?e iaooe? oeio noaeia: aaciaic?a ?c ??cieie oeiaie
aaioaaeieo oaie?a ? ?oi?o iniiaieo aeaiaio?a ia iniia? ?icaeoeo iaoeiai
– iaoiaee/iiai caaacia/aiiy aeey ca?eueoaiiy iinoa/aiue aaco c
aeueoa?iaoeaieo aeaea?ae, a oaeiae ca?eueoaiiy ia’?io o?aiceoo aaco
/a?ac oa?eoi??th Oe?a?ie ? iaea?aeaiiy i?eaooeo.

Aeinyaiaiiy iaoe aaco?oueny ia aiae?c? no/aniiai noaio i?iaeaie
aaioaaeiiioie?a ? oe?i ia aia?aiiin??, iaa?oiooaaii? aeioe?eueiino?
aoae?aieoeoaa na??? noaeai – aaciaic?a ?c ??cieie oeiaie aaioaaeieo
oaie?a ia noaeiiaoae?aieo caaiaeao Oe?a?ie, oiia ?iaioe ? iiaiaeaeaiiy,
niaoeeo?/ieo o?eueee aeey oaeeo noaeiiaeo eiino?oeoe?e aaciaic?a.

Caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy.

?ic?iaea caaaeueii? eiioeaioe?? i?iaeooaaiiy nenoaie ii?nueeiai
o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a, noai?aiiy noiniaii aei ia? i?eeeaaeieo iaoiae?a
?? i?iaeooaaiiy, oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/iiai iaa?oiooaaiiy ? ?ic?aooieo.

Noai?aiiy iaoiae?a, iaoaiaoe/ieo iiaeaeae, iaoiaeee ?ic?aooieo, iaeaoa
i?eeeaaeieo i?ia?ai oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/iiai iaa?oiooaaiiy ? i?iaeooaaiiy,
?ic?aooie?a i?oeiino? aieiaieo aeaiaio?a nenoaie ii?nueeiai
o?ainii?ooaaiiy: noaeai-aaciaic?a aeey aea?aeaaieo ? iaaea?aeaaieo
caiiaiee?a, oeee?iae?e/ieo ?ieinoae aa?aaiaeo noiaeu c??aeaeaiiai aaco,
oaa?oiaieo i?eno?i?a, i?eno?i?a caoenoo a?ae ooeiaeaeaiue ei?ion?a
aaciaic?a ? ii?nueeeo caaiae?a cai?o ? i?aeaiooaaiiy aaco aei
o?ainii?ooaaiiy; niaoe?aeueieo i?eno?i?a noaeai ianeoaiaoaaiiy ii?nueeeo
o?oaii?iaiae?a, ye? caaacia/othoue ?o ?aiiio, a oaeiae iaae?eio ?
aacia/io ?oith aenieoaoaoe?th c a?aooaaiiyi niaoeeo?/ieo ciai?oi?o
iaaaioaaeaiue.

Noai?aiiy iaoiae?a ?ic?aooieo iioeiaeueii? oaeaeeino? aaciaic?a o
nenoai? ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a.

Noai?aiiy i?iaeoo ?icae?eo I?aaee ?aa?no?a noaeiiieaanoaa Oe?a?ie
“Noaeia-aaciaice”.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a:

1. Aia?oa o a?o/eciyi?e iaooe? ?ic?iaee ii?nueeeo ?iaeiaeu ei?enieo
eiiaeei ? a noaeiiaoae?ai?e iaooe? ae??oaia aaaeeeaa i?eeeaaeia i?iaeaia
– noai?aii oai?aoe/i? iniiae i?iaeooaaiiy ? ?ic?aooieo nenoaie
ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a, a oaeiae i?eioeeiiai iiaeo c oi/ee
ci?o eiino?oeoeaieo ? aenieoaoaoe?eieo iniaeeainoae aieiaieo ??
aeaiaio?a: iaa?no?aeueieo o?oaii?iaiae?a, aa?aaiaeo noiaeu aaco,
noaeai-aaciaic?a ?c ??cieie oeiaie aeeaaeieo oaie?a, ii?nueeeo caaiae?a,
?oi?o i?eno?i?a, a oaeiae niaoe?aeueieo i?eno?i?a noaeai ianeoaiaoaaiiy
ii?nueeeo o?oaii?iaiae?a. I?e oeueiio a?aoiaai? iniaeeaino? aac?a, ye?
o?ainii?oothoueny, aieea aeia?o aaco ia iniiai? aeaiaioe aaciaic?a.

Aia?oa ?icaeyioo? ieoaiiy eiiieaeniiai c’?aeiaiiy ie?aieo aoai?a
i?iaeooaaiiy nenoaie ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a ? aieiaieo ??
aeaiaio?a o ?aeeiee aaoiiaoeciaaiee iine?aeiaiee eaioetha iaoiae?a ?
i?ia?ai, ui aeicaieythoue ia’?aeiaoe coneeey ??cieo oao?aoe?a o iiooeao
iioeiaeueiiai i?iaeoo ye nenoaie a oe?eiio, oae ? aieiaiiai ?? aeaiaioa
– aaciaica, ?c iiaeyaeo aeiiii?ee e iioeiaeueii? aeo?aoe ne?iaeie.

Aia?oa ?ic?iaeaii aeeoa?aioe?aeueiee iaoiae ioe?iee aeiiii?/ii?
aoaeoeaiino? noaeai-aaciaic?a o nenoai? ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy
aac?a.

Aia?oa ?ic?iaeaii iaoiae iioei?caoe?eieo ?ic?aooie?a aieiaieo aeaiaio?a
noaeai-aaciaic?a o nenoai? ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aaco aeey
aea?aeaaiiai ? iaaea?aeaaiiai caiiaieea, o yeiio aeei?enoiao?oueny
?ica’ycaiiy i’youeio iae?i?eieo ??aiyiue i?iaeooaaiiy. Aia?oa ?ic?iaeaii
iaoiae aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueii? oaeaeeino? c a?aooaaiiyi niaoeeo?ee
aenieoaoaoe?? noaeai-aaciaic?a.

Aia?oa ?ic?iaeaii ?icae?e “Noaeia-aaciaice” “I?aaee ?aa?no?a
noaeiiieaanoaa Oe?a?ie”.

Aia?oa ?ic?iaeai? ? canoiniaai? i?eeeaaei? iaoiaee ?ic?aooie?a i?oeiino?
??cieo oaie?a ? noaeai-aaciaic?a o oe?eiio, oae ? ie?aieo ?oi?o
aeaiaio?a.

Oaeineiiaeaii iaoaiaoe/i? iiaeae?, iaoiaee i?iaeooaaiiy, ?ic?aooieo
iaae?eii? oa aacia/ii? aenieoaoaoe?? oaa?oiaieo i?eno?i?a ? caoenoo
ei?ion?a aaciaic?a ? ii?nueeiai caaiaeo cai?o ? ia?aeiiiai i?aeaiooaaiiy
aaco aei o?ainii?ooaaiiy a?ae ooeiaeaeaiue, a oaeiae niaoe?aeueieo
i?eno?i?a noaeai ianeoaiaoaaiiy, ui caaacia/othoue aenieoaoaoe?th ?
?aiiio ii?nueeeo o?oaii?iaiae?a.

Aia?oa ?ic?iaeai? iaoiaee ?ic?aooie?a i?oeiino? ? oi?ie oaie?a
aeicaieythoue aecia/aoe iano oaie?a ? a?aeiia?aeii ?o aa?o?noue.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a. ?ic?iaeai? iaoiaee
?ic?aooieo ? i?iaeooaaiiy nenoai ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a ?
aaciaic?a c ??cieie oaieaie oa ?o i?eno?i?a, a oaeiae niaoe?aeueieo
i?eno?i?a noaeai ianeoaiaoaaiiy ii?nueeeo o?oaii?iaiae?a iiaeooue aooe
aeei?enoai? a i?iaeoieo ? eiino?oeoi?nueeeo i?aai?caoe?yo, ia
noaeiiaoae?aieo caaiaeao, o eiia?oe?eieo o??iao, o noaeiiaeanieoeueeeo
eiiiai?yo, aacio?ainii?oieo i?aai?caoe?yo ? nooaeaioaie aeueo
iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a o iaa/aeueiiio i?ioean?. I?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue
?iaioe ca’ycaia c ae??oaiiyi aaaeeeaiai iaoeiai-ae?iaie/iai caaaeaiiy
iaoiaee/iiai caaacia/aiiy ?ic?aooieiaiai i?iaeooaaiiy nenoai ii?nueeiai
o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a ? iaeaaaeeea?oeo ?? aeaiaio?a. Canoinoaaiiy
eiiieaeno i?ia?ai aeicaieeoue iaaeae? i?iaiaeeoe aeine?aeaeaiiy a
iaeano? aeai?o iioeiaeueieo oa?aeoa?enoee nenoai ii?nueeiai
o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a, oa?aeoa?enoee aaciaic?a, aenieoaoaoe?? aaciaic?a
? ii?nueeeo caaiae?a, ?ia?o ii ciaioaiith ?oiuei? iaoaei?ieino?,
ca?eueoaiiy ae?iaie/eo iiaeeeainoae noaeiiaoae?aieo caaiae?a ? i?iaeoieo
i?aai?caoe?e, ?aoe?iiaeueiiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy ?ic?iaethaaeueieo ia
?iaeiaeuao ei?enieo eiiaeei. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue, ye? io?eiai? a
?iaio?, iaaeathoue iiaeeea?noue ?iaeaia?ai, eiino?oeoi?ai,
i?iaeooaaeueieeai ? nooaeaioai i?iaiaeeoe aiae?c
iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio oaie?a aaciaic?a ? aeyaeyoe ?
aeei?enoiaoaaoe ?aca?ae i?oeiino?. I?aeoe/ia canoinoaaiiy ?acoeueoao?a
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe a?aeia?aaeaii a aeoao ai?iaaaeaeaiiy oaeeo
i?aei?e?inoa ? i?aai?caoe?e: AAO “Caaiae Ieaai” (??/ia aeiiii?/ia
aoaeoeai?noue neeaaea? 2,5 iei.USD), ?aa?no? noaeiiieaanoaa Oe?a?ie i?e
?ic?iaoe? ?icae?eo I?aaee ?aa?no?a noaeiiieaanoaa Oe?a?ie
“Noaeia-aaciaice”, IEA “I?ia?an” i?e ?ic?iaoe? ea??aiiai aeieoiaioa
?AeA5. 2386-88 “Nionei-i?aei?iaeuei? i?eno?i? aaoiiiiieo i?aeaiaeieo
oaoi?/ieo cania?a. Iaoiaeeea ?ic?aooieo i?oeiino?”, /.1 ? 2, i?e
?ic?iaoe? “Iaoiaeeee ?ic?aooieo coneeue o iano/eo aeaiaioao eiino?oeoe?e
NII” ii OAeO ? 848/IV “?ic?iaea iaoiaeeee ?ic?aooieo coneeue o iano/eo
aeaiaioao eiino?oeoe?e noaeiiaeo NII aeey aaoiiiiieo i?aeaiaeieo
aia?ao?a” (??/iee aeiiii?/iee aoaeo a?ae ai?iaaaeaeaiiy neeaaea? 159000
?oa.), i?e aeeiiaii? OAeO ? 06.1.I.550/1-85 “I?aaeea aoae?aieoeoaa e
iaa?oiooaaiiy iioeiaeueiiai a?o?oaeoo?ii-eiino?oeoeaiiai oeio
noaeia-aaciaica”. E??i oiai, “Iaoiaeeea ?ic?aooieo coneeue o iano/eo
aeaiaioao eiino?oeoe?e NII” aeei?enoaia i?e ?ic?iaoe? “Aeiaeaoee aei
I?aaee eeaneo?eaoe?? ? aoae?aieoeoaa ianaeaieo i?aeaiaeieo aia?ao?a ?
aeeaieiaiaeieo aiaeieacieo eiiieaen?a ?aa?no?a N?N?”. Iniiai? iaoa??aee
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe ai?iaaaeaeai? a IAe? ? 2/1280 “?ic?iaea iaoiae?a
?ic?aooieo i?oeiino? noaeai iiaeo oei?a. Iia? i?aeoiaee aei i?iaeooaaiiy
noaeai-aaciaic?a”, o OAeO ? 1368 “Noai?aiiy I?aaee eeaneo?eaoe?? ?
aoae?aieoeoaa noaeai ?aa?no?a noaeiiieaanoaa Oe?a?ie”. Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy
iaoiae?a i?iaeooaaiiy e aenieoaoaoe?? nenoai ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy
aac?a, i?iaeooaaiiy aaciaic?a ? ?oi?o i?eno?i?a, niaoe?aeueieo i?eno?i?a
noaeai ianeoaiaoaaiiy ii?nueeeo o?oaii?iaiae?a, i?eno?i?a ii?nueeeo
caaiae?a cai?o ? ia?aeiiiai i?aeaiooaaiiy aaco aei o?ainii?ooaaiiy, a
iaa/aeueiee i?ioean eaoaae?e “Ii?nueeeo oaoiieia?e” aeicaieeei
aeei?enoiaoaaoe ?o i?e aeeiiaii? eo?niaeo ? aeeieiiieo i?iaeo?a, o
iaoeiai-aeine?aei?e ?iaio? nooaeaio?a, i?e i?aeaiooaaii? iaa/aeueieo
eo?n?a “Noaeiia? i?eno?i? ? nenoaie”, “I?eno?i? no/anieo noaeai”,
“Ia?aaacaiiy iaaacia/ieo aaioaae?a”, i?e iaienaii? 7 iaa/aeueieo
iin?aiee?a o OAeIOO ca niaoe?aeueiinoyie 7. 100. 201. ? 7. 100. 202.

Iniaenoee aianie aeena?oaioa. An? iieiaeaiiy ? aeniiaee, iaoaiaoe/i?
iiaeae?, iaoiaeeee ? iaoiaee ?ic?aooie?a, aiae?oe/i? e aii??e/i?
caeaaeiino?, i?ia?aie ?ic?aooie?a ? ?oi? ?acoeueoaoe, ye? aeiinyoueny ia
caoeno, ?ic?iaeai? ? iaeaaeaoue iniaenoi aaoi?o. C ?ia?o, iioae?eiaaieo
o ni?aaaoi?noa?, ia caoeno aeiinyoueny o?eueee o? /anoeie, ui ?ic?iaeai?
iniaenoi aaoi?ii. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue aeeeaaeai? a 2
iiiia?ao?yo: Caeoeaa A.A., Ei?iaaiia TH.I. Noaea-aaciaicu. (ISBN
5-7355-0192-5, oe?aae 1400 i?ei.) – E.: Noaeino?iaiea, 1990. – 304 n.
(iniaenoi iaienai? Caeoeaaei A.A. aeaae 2, 4, 5 ia’?iii 8,52
o/.-aeae.e.); Noaeiaua ono?ienoaa. Ni?aai/iee // Iiae ?aae. I.I.
Aeaenaiae?iaa. (ENAI AAE 39.42 N89, oe?aae 10000 i?ei.) – E.:
Noaeino?iaiea, 1987. – 656 n. (iniaenoi iaienai? Caeoeaaei A.A. aeaae 8,
9 ia’?iii 9,1 o/.-aeae.e.), 7 iaa/aeueieo iin?aiee?a (noia?iei ia’?iii
29,5 o/.-aeae.e, iniaenoi iaienai? Caeoeaaei A.A. 20 o/.-aeae.e.). A
noaooyo, iaienaieo a ni?aaaoi?noa? c Ei?iaaiiaei TH.I., Ia?oeioeai A.I.,
Eiaaiii ?.I., Oea/aaie I.?., Caeoeaaei Aae.A., A?eaaie?iei ?.A.,
Eaca??ciaei A.ss., Aaeonoiaei E.C., Aaaaeaeaiii E.A., Ona/aaei ?.I.,
Iaaeiaei A.A., ?eeiaei ?.?., aaoi?o iaeaaeaoue iinoaiiaea caaea/,
iaoaiaoe/i? iiaeae?, iaoiaee ?ic?aooie?a, aeaiaee on?o caeaaeiinoae,
aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a oa aeniiaee, ui noaiiaeoue 90 % ci?noo. A
aaoi?nueeeo na?aeioeoaao a ni?aaaoi?noa? c Ei?iaaiiaei TH.I., Ia?oeioeai
A.I., Iaaoeie A.A., Ia?aaacaioeaaei A.O., Aieioiaie A.N., Ai?iaeiaeo
A.Ae., ?eeiaei ?.?., Aaeonoiaei E.C., ?acoiiei A.A. aaoi?o iaeaaeeoue
iaoa??ae ii eiino?oeoeaiei noaiai ieaao/eo ieaooi?i oa i?eno?iyi, ui
noaiiaeoue a?aeiia?aeii 30 % ? 20 % ?o ci?noo.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe. ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe??
aoee ai?iaiaai? ia i?aeia?iaeiiio ?inoienueeiio noaeiiaoae?aiiio
oaoi?/iiio neiiic?oi? “Schiffbauforschung, Wissenschaftlich – technische
mitteilungen: Fortschritte der Schiffstechnik in Theorie – Experiment –
Praxis, 3. bis 6 Oktober 1989 in Rostock an der Sektion Schiffstechnik”
(I?ia//eia, ?inoie, 3 – 6 aeiaoiy 1989 ?.), i?aeia?iaeiiio
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/iiio neiiic?oi? “I?iaeaie noaeiiaoaeoaaiiy: noai, ?aea?,
??oaiiy” (Oe?a?ia, Ieeiea?a, 8 – 10 aeiaoiy 1997 ?.), iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e
eiioa?aioe?? i?ioani?nueei-aeeeaaeaoeueeiai neeaaeo OAeIOO (Ieeiea?a, 20
– 24 ea?oiy 1998 ?.), ia i?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? ii iaoaiaoe/iiio
iiaeaethaaiith “O?ceei-oaoi?/i? ? oaoiieia?/i? aeiaeaoee iaoaiaoe/iiai
iiaeaethaaiiy” (Oe?a?ia, Oa?nii, 3 – 6 aa?aniy 1998 ?.), ia
i?aeia?iaei?e iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e eiioa?aioe?? “?ioi?iaoe?ei? ea?oth/?
nenoaie ? oaoiieia??” (Oe?a?ia, Ieeiea?a, 8 – 11 aa?aniy 1998 ?.), ia
iaoeiai-oaoi?/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo IE? – OAeIOO a 1977 – 1997 ?.?., ia
nai?ia?? aeaia?oaiaioa ei?aaeaaoaeoaaiiy NaaAeOO ? ia can?aeaii?
eaoaae?e “Ii?nueeeo oaoiieia?e” OAeIOO.

Ioae?eaoe??. Ca oaiith aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 36 ae?oeiaaieo iaoeiaeo
?ia?o. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue aeeeaaeai? a 2 iiiia?ao?yo, 5
iaa/aeueieo iin?aieeao, 22 noaooyo a iaoeiaeo oaoiaeo aeaeaiiyo (?c ieo
2 – o I?ia//ei?, 9 ( aac ni?aaaoi??a), 3 aaoi?nueeeo na?aeioeoaao ia
aeiaoiaee. Iniiai? ioae?eaoe??, a yeeo aeiaeaoeiai aeeeaaeaii ci?no
aeena?oaoe??, aeeth/athoue 2 ioae?eaoe?? a iaoa??aeao I?aeia?iaeiiai
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/iiai neiiic?oio, 2 iaa/aeueieo iin?aieea.

No?oeoo?a e ia’?i ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa neeaaea?oueny c anooio,
oanoe ?icae?e?a ? aeniiae?a, yea aeeeaaeaia ia 333 noi??ieao
iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo; i?noeoue nienie e?oa?aoo?e c 246 iaeiaioaaiue, 113
iaethie?a, 15 oaaeeoeue, 10 aeiaeaoe?a.

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE

Anooi i?noeoue iaa?oiooaaiiy aeooaeueiino? oaie aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe,
?? iniiaio iaoo, caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iieno?oueny iaoeiaa iiaecia
io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a, ui aeiinyoueny ia caoeno, ? ?o i?aeoe/ia
cia/aiiy. Aeaco?oueny iniaenoee aianie aeena?oaioa. Iaaaaeai? a?aeiiino?
i?i ai?iaaoe?th ?iaioe, ioae?eaoe?yo aaoi?a ii ?? oai?, a oaeiae i?i
no?oeoo?o e ia’?i ?iaioe.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? aeena?oaoe?? i?iaaaeai aiae?c noaio o?ainii?ooaaiiy
aaco ii?ai, ia?niaeoeae aeaeiaooeo ? o?ainii?ooaaiiy iaooe ? aaco a
Oe?a?i?. Iaaaaeaii oa?aeoa?enoeeo iniiaieo na?oiaeo ?iaeiaeu ?
aaioaaeiiioie?a. A?eueo 600 iaooiaaciiinieo ?aeii?a ?ica?aeaii o na?o?
ia oaia??oi?e /an, aaeeea /anoeia yeeo ?icoaoiaaia a i?ai?/i?e i?aeoe?.
I?e oeueiio a?eueo iieiaeio on?o na?oiaeo ?ica?aeaieo ?ano?n?a iaooe
neiioeaio?iaaii a e?a?iao Aeecueeiai ? Na?aaeiueiai Noiaeo. Caiane
i?e?iaeiiai aaco ?iciiae?eai? a iniiaiiio i?ae ?in??th, Eacaonoaiii,
Oo?eiai??th, ??aiii, NOA, Eaiaaeith, Iaeneeith, Aeaee?ii ? Ii?aaa??th.
Ca aeaieie o?aioeocueeiai a/aiiai I.O.Ath?iea aeieacai? na?oia? caiane
i?e?iaeiiai aaco ioe?iththoueny a 85,96 o?ei.i3. Iaeiae aeaye?
aeine?aeieee ioe?iththoue ?ano?ne i?e?iaeiiai aaco a 250 – 350 o?ei.i3.
Iniiaia iana caian?a i?e?iaeiiai aaco cina?aaeaeaia o aaeeeeo ?
oi?eaeueieo ?iaeiaeuao ?c caianaie a eiaeiiio a?eueo 50 ie?ae.i3. Oaeeo
?iaeiaeu o na?o? onueiai 274. Caaaeuei? caiane aaco a ieo neeaaeathoue
71 o?ei.i3.

Cia/ia /anoea caian?a i?e?iaeiiai aaco ? iaooe cina?aaeaeaia a ii?nueeeo
?iaeiaeuao, ia oaeueoao yeeo ?o aeiaoaathoue a?eueo 27 % na?oiaiai
aeaeiaooeo. I?iieneiao ?ic?iaeo iaooe ? i?e?iaeiiai aaco aaaeooue ia
nai?o oaeueoao a?eueo 40 e?a?i. Iaea?eueoei ? oi?eaeueiei ?
iaooiaaciiiniee ?aeii oaeueoo Ia?nueei? caoiee c i?eeaaeeie aei iueiai
ae?eyieaie noo?. Caiane iaooe a oeueiio ?aeii? ioe?iththoueny a 94
ie?ae.o, caiane i?e?iaeiiai aaco – iaeaea a 54 o?ei.i3.

Caiane iaooe ? aaco ia oa?eoi??? Oe?a?ie ?acii c aeaaoi??yie *i?iiai ?
Acianueeiai ii??a o iaaeao iaoi? aeiiii?/ii? ciie aei aeeaei 7 ei
(oiiaia iaaea oaoi?/ii iiaeeeaiai aeaeiaooeo iaooe ? aaco) neeaaeathoue
8417,8 iei.o oiiaiiai iaeeaa. Aei neeaaeo cacia/aieo caian?a aoiaeyoue:
iaooe ? eiiaeainaoo – 1706,2 iei.o (?c ieo iaooe – 940 iei.o), aaco
a?eueiiai ? ?ic/eiaiiai a iaoo? – 6711,6 ie?ae.i3. Ia ii/aoie 1995 ?.
?ano?ne Oe?a?ie inai?i? (aeiaoo? ? ?ica?aeai?) onueiai ia 40,5 %.
Ia?ica?aeai? ?ano?ne neeaaeathoue 5010 iei.o oiiaiiai iaeeaa. Aiie
yaeythoue niaith aaee/aciee iioaioe?ae aeey aaaeaiiy ?ica?aeoaaeueieo
?ia?o. E??i cacia/aieo caian?a, aaee/aci? caiane a 12 – 15 o?ei.i3
ca’ycaiiai iaoaio ?icoaoiaai? a Aeiiaoeueeiio aanaei?.

Ia?niaeoeai? oaeueoe *i?iiai e Acianueeiai ii??a, ?ano?ne yeeo
ia?aaeuothoue 2,2 ie?ae.o oiiaiiai iaeeaa aac a?aooaaiiy i?iaiiciaaieo
caian?a aeueoa?iaoeaieo aeaea?ae – iaoaii-a?ae?ao?a aeaieo inaae?a
aeeaieeo cii *i?iiai ii?y. Ca aeaieie aacaoe “Aecian-E?ui”
Aciai-*i?iiii?nueeee ?aa?ii i?noeoue a?ae 1,5 aei 2,5 o?ei.o oiiaiiai
iaeeaa, 80 % yeiai – aac. A oaia??oi?e /an ooo a?aee?eoi 10 aaciaeo ?
aacieiiaeainaoieo ?iaeiaeu ?c iaaaeeeeie i?iieneiaeie caianaie. Cia/i?
caiane i?e?iaeiiai aaco ia No?aeeianueeiio i?aeeii? A?aaaonueei?
no??eee.

Oaeei /eiii, Oe?a?ia ia? o nai?io ?icii?yaeaeaii? aaeee? iioaioe?ei?
iaeeai-aia?aaoe/i? ?ano?ne. Iaeiae ea??aieee iaooiai? i?iieneiaino? e
aeaaeai?/ii? iaoee A.Aioeueeee, A.E?oinueeee, I.Ia?ooiye, ?.Ie?eieee
noaa?aeaeothoue, ui c aeyaeaieo 940 iei.o iaooe iaooiaeee ni?iiiaei?
acyoe onueiai 154,8 iei.o, – 16,47 %. Aeaye? oao?aoe? noaa?aeaeothoue,
ui oe?a?inuee? iaooiaeee ni?iiiaei? acyoe o?eueee 46,9 iei.o iaooe,
oiaoi iaioa 5 % ?c ?ica?aeaieo aaieiaaie 940 iei.o iaooe.

Iio?aaa Oe?a?ie a iaooii?iaeoeoao ii ??cieo ioe?ieao neeaaea? 24 – 28
iei.o o ??e, i?e?iaeiiai aaco – 85 ie?ae.i3. O 1997 ?. a Oe?a?io
iaae?eoei 61640,9 iei.i3 i?e?iaeiiai aaco. A ia?niaeoea? Oe?a?ia aoaea
ca ?aooiie ?iii?oo caaeiaieueiyoe nai? iio?aae a iaoo? ? iaooii?iaeoeoao
ia 80 – 90 %, a a i?e?iaeiiio aac? – a?eueo i?ae ia 50 %.

A?aoiaoth/e iio?aae Oe?a?ie a iaoo?, iaooii?iaeoeoao ? i?e?iaeiiio aac?
? nai? iioei?noe/i? i?iaiice uiaei ?oiueiai aeaniiai aeaeiaooeo, iiaeia
eiinoaooaaoe, ui Oe?a?ia caeeoeoueny ?iii?oa?ii oeeo ?ano?n?a ? a
iaeaooiueiio.

O?aiceo i?e?iaeiiai aaco /a?ac oa?eoi??th Oe?a?ie cae?enith?
o?oaii?ia?aeiei o?ainii?oii IAE “Iaooiaac Oe?a?ie” (AeE “Oe?o?ainaac), a
ne?aieaiiai iaooiaiai aaco – cae?cie/iei o?ainii?oii AeAI
“Oe?niaoeo?ainaac. O oe?eiio ae, yeui ?icaeyaeaoe na?oia? ii?nuee?
o?ainii?oi? nenoaie, oi ii ia’?iao ia?aaacaieo iaooe ? iaooii?iaeoeo?a,
aeeth/ath/e ia?aaacaiiy c??aeaeaieo aac?a, nenoaie ?oiueiai ii?nueeiai
o?ainii?ooaaiiy ciaoiaeyoueny ia ia?oiio i?noe? (?en. 1).

Aeae? a ?icae?e? iienothoueny aeanoeaino? aac?a ? iniaeeaino? ?o
o?ainii?ooaaiiy a c??aeaeaiiio noai?. A oaia??oi?e /an a?eueo?noue
i?iieneiai-?icaeiooeo e?a?i cae?eniththoue iinoa/aiiy aac?a
o?oaii?ia?aeiei, cae?cie/iei, aaoiiia?eueiei o?ainii?oii ? aaciaicaie,
ui aoiaeyoue o nenoaio ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a. Aac, yeee
o?ainii?oo?oueny, iiaeia ?icae?eeoe ia oae? oeie: i?e?iaeiee;
c??aeaeaiee i?e?iaeiee (CIA aai LNG – Liquefied Natural Gas); ne?aieaiee
iaooiaee (NIA aai LPG – Liquefied Petroleum Gas); ai?ae. Aeey aacia/iiai
o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a iaiao?aeii ciaoe ?o o?i?/i? ? o?ce/i? aeanoeaino?.
Caaaeueiei aeey an?o aac?a ? oa, ui aiie yaeythoue niaith aoaeaaiaee.

Aeiaiaeyoueny niaoeeo?/i? aeey aacio?ainii?oieo nenoai ? ?o aeaiaio?a
aecia/aiiy ? iiyniaiiy, iaaaaeaia ?o eeaneo?eaoe?y ? oa?aeoa?enoeea.
Iienothoueny eiino?oeoeai? iniaeeaino? aieiaiiai aeaiaioa nenoaie –
noaeia-aaciaica (?en.2). I?eaaaeaii eeaneo?eaoe?th aaciaic?a, iienai?
??ci? ?o oeie.

?icaeyiooi iinoaiiaeo caaea/? aeine?aeaeaiiy a aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? ?
cacia/aii, ui iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaethaaiiy i?eaooeiaiai ooieoe?iioaaiiy
nenoaie ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a ? ?? iniiaieo aeaiaio?a –
iaea?eueo ia?niaeoeaiee iai?yiie aeine?aeaeaiiy oeueiai iaeaaaeeea?oiai
? iaeiiaooi?oiai ia’?eoa iaeeai-aia?aaoe/iiai eiiieaeno e?a?ie.
?aoe?iiaeueia niieo/aiiy ??cieo iaoiae?a ?ica’ycaiiy iinoaaeaii? caaea/?
aeine?aeaeaiiy a?ae/eiy? iia? iiaeeeaino? onaa?/iiai aea/aiiy i?iaeaie
i?iaeooaaiiy e aenieoaoaoe?? nenoai ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a.
Iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaethaaiiy ?iaioe nenoaie ? ?? aeaiaio?a aeicaiey?
?ic?iaeyoe iia? ia?niaeoeai? iai?yiee iiooeo aeueoa?iaoeaieo aeaea?ae
iinoa/aiue aac?a, ?ic?iaeyoe i?iaeoe iiaeo noaeai-aaciaic?a, ye
neeaaeiaeo aeaiaio?a nenoaie.

Iieno?oueny noai aeine?aeaeoaaii? i?iaeaie. O ca?oa?aei?e e?oa?aoo??
a?aenooi? ioae?eaoe??, ui ananoi?iii? aena?oeththoue ieoaiiy
i?iaeooaaiiy nenoai ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a, i?iaeooaaiiy,
aoae?aieoeoaa e aenieoaoaoe?? aaciaic?a, ii?nueeeo caaiae?a cai?o ?
ia?aeiiiai i?aeaiooaaiiy aaco aei o?ainii?ooaaiiy, ?o i?eno?i?a ?
niaoe?aeueieo i?eno?i?a noaeai ianeoaiaoaaiiy ii?nueeeo o?oaii?iaiae?a.
A oe?a?inuee?e iaoeia?e e?oa?aoo?? acaaae? iaia? a?aeiiinoae, e??i
iioae?eiaaieo aaoi?ii, i?i aeine?aeaeaiiy oeueiai ieoaiiy. Oiio
iaaiaeeoueny aiae?c ia/eneaiieo ?ia?o, i?iaaaeaieo ua a ?aaeyinueeiio
Nithc?. ?iaioe N.?.Eiaa/aaa, I.I. Ieeiea?aa, ?.A.Iaoiiaie, A.E.Eice??aa
i?enay/ai? aeiiii?/iiio iaa?oiooaaiith nenoaie ii?nueeiai
o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a. Aecia/aiith ? aeine?aeaeaiith iniiaieo
oa?aeoa?enoee aaeeeioiiiaaeieo iaoaiiaic?a ? aaciaic?a i?enay/ai? ?iaioe
A.I.Oinoaea ? A.?.Aa?oai?ea, a oaeiae O.A.Ii?aei?na, I.I. Aa?aaaiiaie,
I.A.Iao?iianueeiai, ?.A.Iaoiiaie, E.A.Eioaiianueeiai, E.A. Ea?e?ia,
?.A.Eioaeaaie, A.I.Aaoaae/aiei, A.I.Ieoaeeiaa, A.A.Oeeaaiei.
Caeaaeiino?, i?eaaaeai? a cacia/aieo ?iaioao, iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai?
ia ii/aoeiaeo noaae?yo i?iaeooaaiiy aaciaic?a aeey aecia/aiiy ianiaeo ?o
oa?aeoa?enoee. Cia/iee aianie o ?icaeoie oai?aoe/ieo iniia ?ic?aooie?a
i?oeiino? ei?iona ? oaie?a aeayeeo oei?a aaciaic?a aianee A.A.Eiceyeia ?
A.A?o. Eiceyeia, TH.I. Ea/aiia. Iaea?eueo iii?oi? a iaeano? aeiiii?/iiai
iaa?oiooaaiiy i?iaeooaaiiy ? aoae?aieoeoaa ?ioeo oei?a noaeai iaoeia?
aeine?aeaeaiiy A.?.E?a?aa, I.I.Ethaooeia A.I.Nieieiaa. Ei?enieie
iiaeooue aooe ? ?iaioe TH.TH.Aa?eaiiaa, A.ss.Eaca?aciaa, A.A.Anoaoiaa,
A.N.Ai?iaoea, A.?. Iaeneiaaeaee, Eyiiaaeea ?.Iaeeiiiaeea ,Noyiee E.A?th,
A.I.A?oceiiaa, A.A.*a?eaniaa-Oeea?ciaa, A.?.*aeaeia?oea, I.O
I?eia/ueiaa. C iaoeiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue ii i?iaeooaaiith ? iioeiaeueiiio
i?iaeooaaiith ii?nueeeo noaeai, ui iiaeia aeei?enoiaoaaoe i?e
i?iaeooaaii? aaciaic?a, iaea?eueo aaaii? ?iaioe A.A.Aoeea,
A.A.A?iiieeiaa, A.I.Aaoaae/aiei, E.I.Iiaeaea, A.?.?aeiaa,
I.A.Naaanoueyiiaa, A.I.Iaoeia, E.TH.Ooaeyeiaa, ?.I I?c?ia. Caaaeuei?
iaoiaee i?iaeooaaiiy iienai? Aeae.E.Aeaeiinii.

I?iaeooaaiith i?eno?i?a ii?nueeeo noaeai, o oiio /ene? ? aaciaic?a,
i?enay/aiee aeia?aeiee I.I.Aeaenaiae?iaa, A.A.Aoaa?iei, TH.A.??oiaa,
TH.Ae. AEoeiaa, A.A.Caeoeaaa, A.ss.Eaca??ciaa, E.A.Eaiai/oea,
TH.I.Ei?iaaiiaa, A.A.Iaaoee, A.?.Neiiiaiei. I?iaeooaaiiy niaoe?aeueieo
i?eno?i?a noaeai ianeoaiaoaaiiy ii?nueeeo o?oaii?iaiae?a i?eaaaeaii a
?iaioao aaoi?a, A.A.Aoaaaiei, A.A.Iaaoee. Aeaiaee, io?eiai? a ?iaioao
A.A.Naaoeeoeueeiai, iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? i?e i?iaeooaaii?
cacia/aieo i?eno?i?a. Aeeiai?ea ii?nueeeo nii?oaeaeaiue,
i?aeaiaeii-oaoi?/i? ?iaioe, nenoaie ea?oaaiiy ii?nueeeie ?ooeeaeie
ia’?eoaie, ieoaiiy i?iaeooaaiiy nii?oaeaeaiue ii?nueeiai oaeueoo
?icaeyioo? TH.A. Eoeiinueeei ? A.N.*oaoiiaei, O.Aeioniiii,
Y.?.Aieueae?iei, A.I.Eiceiaei, O.I. *aeeoaaei, ?.N.ss?aiae/oeii, A.C.
Aiciei, I.E. ?eueieoeueeei A.N. Aieei, ?.I. Eiiae?aoii.

Aeiaiaeeoueny i?eioeeiiaa noaia iaoiaeeee aeine?aeaeaiue o
aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? noiniaii aei nenoaie ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy
aac?a.

, ui iaeaea a 3 ?ace aeua oiai ae iieacieea aeey oe?a?inueeeo ae?eyiie
iaa?no?aeueieo aacii?iaiae?a. Aeae? aeiaiaeyoueny oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/i?
iaa?oiooaaiiy iinoa/aiue aaco o?oaii?iaiaeiei o?ainii?oii ?
aoae?aaeueii? aa?oino? ?ieinoae cai?o ? ia?aeiiiai i?aeaiooaaiiy aaco
aei o?ainii?ooaaiiy a nenoai? ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aaco.
?ic?iaeaii iaoaiaoe/io iiaeaeue ?ic?aooieo i?oeiino? oeee?iae?e/ieo
aa?aaiaeo ?ieinoae cai?o ? ia?aeiiiai i?aeaiooaaiiy aaco aei
o?ainii?ooaaiiy (?en. 3)

– ?ic?aooieiaee oene ia??a aaco, Ia.

– eooe iiai?ioo aeioe/ii? aei ia?eae?aia.

.

; a?aie/i? oiiae ia iaei?e e?iioe? oeee?iae?e/ii? iaieiiee ia
aieeaathoue ia iai?oaeaiee noai o ?aeii? ?ioi? eiai e?iiee; oi?ia
iaieiiee ? ciai?oiueiai iaaaioaaeaiiy neiao?e/i? uiaei iiaeiaaei?e in?,
oiio iai?oaeaiiy ? aeaoi?iaoe?? oaeiae i?eeiathoueny neiao?e/ieie uiaei
oe??? in?; aeioe/i? iai?oaeaiiy aaaaeathoueny iaeeie e o ?ic?aooieo ia
a?aoiaothoueny; i?e ?ica’ycaii? caaea/? aeei?enoiaothoueny i?eiouaiiy,
ye? iaceaathoueny a?iioacaie E??oaioa (i?yiie?i?ei? aieieia iaieiiee,
ia?iaiaeeeoey?i? aei ?? na?aaeeiii? iiaa?oi?, caa??aathoue nai?
iieiaeaiiy uiaei ia? aei ? i?ney aeaoi?iaoe?? ? ia ci?iththoue nai??
aeiaaeeie; ii?iaeuei? iai?oaeaiiy ia ieiuaaeeao, ia?aeaeueieo
na?aaeeiii? iiaa?oi?, iae? a ii??aiyii? c ?ioeie ?ic?aooieiaeie
iai?oaeaiiyie); iniiai? /anoeie oeee?iae?e/ii? ? noa?e/ieo iaieiiie
ciaoiaeyoueny a aaciiiaioiiio iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiio noai?; iiiaioii
iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiee noai ?icoaoiao?oueny o aocuee?e iaeano? a
?aeii? noeeoaaiue oeee?iae?e/ii? iaieiiee c? noa?e/ieie; noia?i?
iai?oaeaiiy, coneeey ? ia?ai?uaiiy neeaaeathoueny ?c aaciiiaioieo
neeaaeiaeo ? neeaaeiaeo, aeeeeeaieo e?aeiaei aoaeoii; neee oyae?iiy
iaieiiee ?ieino? ? aaco eiiiainothoueny ??aiii??iei oeneii a?oioo.
?aaeoe?? ca’yce?a ? ?ic?aooieiaa noaia iieacai? ia ?en.3.

:

;

; (1)

;

,

?ica’ycaiiy nenoaie ??aiyiue (1) aea? caeaaeiino? aeey aecia/aiiy noaeeo
?ioaa?oaaiiy:

,

aea

;

;

;

;

.

?acoeueoaoe ?ica’ycaiiy caaea/? iaaaaeaii a a?ao?/iiio aeae?.

).

?ic?iaeaii iaoiae aeiiii?/iiai iaa?oiooaaiiy nenoaie ii?nueeiai
o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a noaeiaie-aaciaicaie ia iniia? caeaaeiino?:

, (2)

/1000 i3.

, ui cia/ii ieae/a oe?ie ca ?in?enueeee aac. Aia?oa aeiaaaeaii, ui
noai?aiiy a Oe?a?i? nenoaie ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a
noaeiaie-aaciaicaie – oea ?aeeii iiaeeeaee aa??aio aeeaa?neo?eaoe??.
Nenoaia ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aaco, aei neeaaeo yei? iiaeiai oa?eoe
oeio aaciaic?a, aeicaieeoue a caeaaeiino? a?ae aeiiii?/ii? ? iie?oe/ii?
aeioe?eueiino?, a oaeiae eii’theoo?e oe?i ci?ithaaoe
e?a?ie-iinoa/aeueieee aaco. Aia?oa aeiaaaeaii, ui aeey cieaeaiiy
aia?aaoe/ii? caeaaeiino? Oe?a?ie a?ae ?in?? iiaeeeaa o?ainii?ooaaiiy
aaco c ?iaeiaeu, ?icoaoiaaieo ia Aeecueeiio Noiae? ? a Aeaee??.

O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? iaaaaeaii aeeoa?aioe?aeueiee iaoiae aeiiii?/ii?
aoaeoeaiino? aaciaic?a o nenoai? ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a.
I?iaeooaaiiy aaciaic?a – neeaaeia iioei?caoe?eia caaea/a, ui aeiaaa? ??
iiaoaiiiai ?ica’ycaiiy c ia?aoiaeaie a?ae i?inoi? eia?ei-iaoaiaoe/ii?
iiaeae? aei a?eueo neeaaeieo iiaeaeae. Ia eiaeiiio aoai? ooi/iththoueny
aieiai? ?ici??e noaeia, oi?ia eiai ei?iona, oei ? iiooaei?noue
aia?aaoe/ii? onoaiiaee, oaeaee?noue oiui. I?e oeueiio iaoith
i?iaeooaaiiy ? aecia/aiiy oaeeo ia?aiao??a aaciaic?a, ui aeicaieyee a
i?e i?i?iaeueieo aeo?aoao noeoiiiai noni?eueiiai i?iaeoeoo caaacia/oaaoe
?o aoaeoeaio aenieoaoaoe?th.

Caniaii aeinyaiaiiy iaoe ? oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/iee aiae?c (OAA), ui aeeth/a?
aeia?? ? ocaiaeaeaiiy c caiiaieeii e?eoa??th iioeiaeueiino? i?iaeoo,
?ic?iaeo eia?ei-iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae? noaeia, io?eiaiiy iioeiaeueiiai
ae??oaiiy. Ieoaiiy aeiiii?ee o?ainii?oieo noaeai caaaeaee ciaoiaeyoueny
a oeaio?? oaaae i?e ?oiueiio i?iaeooaaii?, aoae?aieoeoa? e
aenieoaoaoe??. sse ni?aaaaeeeai caoaaaeea aeiiii?no A. Aaioi?ae “a?io? –
oea iaea?eueo oi?aa?naeueiee ?ino?oiaio aeey ioe?iee ?iaeaia?ii? yeino?.
Noaeia aoaeothoueny ia aeey oiai, uia i?iaeaiiino?oaaoe oaeineiiaeaio
oi?io ei?iona, iai?eeeaae, a aeey oiai, uia i?eiineoe i?eaooie”. Iaeiei
?c oeyo?a ?icaeoeo OAA ? aeeoa?aioe?aeueiee iaoiae ioe?iee aeiiii?/ii?
aoaeoeaiino? o?ainii?oieo noaeai, ?ic?iaeaiee aaoi?ii noiniaii aei
aaciaic?a.

Aeeoa?aioe?aeueiee iaoiae ioe?iee aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? aaciaic?a
aeicaiey? ia aoaeue-ye?e noaae?? ?o i?iaeooaaiiy ioe?ithaaoe aieea o???
aai ?ioi? ei?enii? ooieoe?? noaeia ia i?eaaaeai? aeo?aoe, aecia/aoe a
oe?eiio iaea?eueo aeiiii?/iee aa??aio i?iaeoo, ui a?aeiia?aea? oeei
ooieoe?yi. I?e iaa?oiooaaii? aoaeoeaiino? aoae?aieoeoaa oa aenieoaoaoe??
oaeeo aocueeiniaoe?ae?ciaaieo noaeai, ye aaciaice, iio??aii a?aoiaoaaoe
oa, ui aeey noaa?eueiiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aaco iaiao?aeiee oe?eee
eiiieaen cania?a, ui aeeth/a? a naaa caaiae ne?aieaiiy aaco, noiaeua
aaco ia aa?ac?, aacii?ia?ae, ii?oia? nii?oaeaeaiiy oa ?ioa.

).

Aeeoa?aioe?ae aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? aaciaica:

, (3)

( i?eaaaeai? aeo?aoe a a?eaiyo ia 1 o ??/ii? i?ia?cii? ni?iiiaeiino?
noaeia

, (4)

;

.

Cia/aiiy /anoeiaeo iio?aeieo a aeeoa?aioe?ae? (3) aoaeooue oaeeie:

,

;

;

;

;

;

,

– ii?iaoea aeo?ao ia oo?eiaiiy iaeiiai /eaia ae?iaaea ia aeiao; a –
aeo?aoe, ca’ycai? c caii?iaeoaaiiyi iai?ioieo eioo?a, aeeaaeaieo o aac
ia /an eiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy.

ci?iieo, o?aaa aeeiiaoe iaiao?aei? ? aeinoaoi? oiiae.

Ca aeiiiiiaith aeeoa?aioe?aeueiiai iaoiaeo ioe?iee aeiiii?/ii?
aoaeoeaiino? aaciaic?a o nenoai? ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a
i?iaaaeaii ?ic?aooiie iioeiaeueii? oaeaeeino? aaciaica, ui ia?aaiceoue
ai?ae, ?c aeeaaeieie i?eciaoe/ieie oaieaie i?noe?noth 37000 i3 ia e?i??
i?ioyaei?noth 3300 ieeue. ?acoeueoaoe ?ic?aooieo iioeiaeueii? oaeaeeino?
aaciaica a nenoai? ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a iaaaaeai? ia ?en. 4
(i?eaaaeai? aeo?aoe iaaaaeai? a a?eaiyo, oaeaee?noue – o aoceao).
I?eaaaeaii ?acoeueoaoe ?ic?aooie?a aeey aaciaic?a i?noe?noth 22000 i3,
57000 i3, 75000 i3, 100000 i3 ia e?i?? i?ioyaei?noth 3300 ieeue.
Iaaaaeaii aiae?c io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a. C?inoaiiy oaeaeeino? oiaeo
aaciaic?a o nenoai? ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aecia/a?oueny c?inoaiiyi
?o aaioaaeii?noeinoae, ui i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny noaoenoe/ieie aeaieie.
Oaeei /eiii, i?aeoaa?aeaeaia aeinoia??i?noue io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a.
Noai?aii i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy.

aecia/a?oueny ?ica’ycaiiyi ??aiyiiy

,

– oa?i?i aenieoaoaoe?? noaeia.

aoc). Noai?aii i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy.

Aeiaiaeyoueny niaoe?aeuei? aeiiae, ye? i?aae’yaeythoueny aei
eiino?oeoe?e, iaoa??ae?a ei?ion?a aaciaic?a ? oaie?a, a oaeiae aei
?oiuei? ?cieyoe??, i?eaaaeaii oa?aeoa?enoeee iaoa??ae?a oaie?a. Iienaii
i?eioeeiiao oaoiieia?th aeaioiaeaiiy ? iiioaaeo noa?e/iiai oaieo.
?icaeyiooi iiaeeeaino? ? ia?niaeoeae aoae?aieoeoaa aaciaic?a ia aa?oyo
Oe?a?ie oa iniiai? iniaeeaino? ?o i?iaeooaaiiy a nenoai? ii?nueeiai
o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a.

oaieao. Ciath/e ia’?i ? ?ici??e iaeiiai oaiea, a oaeiae a?aoiaoth/e ?o
/enei, ?ici??e ? /enei aaeanoiaeo oeenoa?i ? eioa?aeai?a, ii oi?ioeao
cai?iiiiiaaiiai iaoiaeo iiaeia aiae?oe/ii ?ic?aooaaoe aieiai? ?ici??e
noaeia-aaciaica. Noai?aii i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy. Aeiaiaeyoueny
?ic?aoiaai? a?aeiia?aeii aei ?ic?iaeaiiai iaoiaeo iniiai? aeaiaioe
aaciaica i?noe?noth 37000 i3.

– ocaaaeueiaia iicia/aiiy an?o ci?iieo ?ici???a.

Iniiai? iaiaaeaiiy:

– neeaaeiaa aaaiaiai iaaaioaaeaiiy, o;

– ooieoe?y i?noeino?.

;

;

.

i.

. Io?eiaii ooeaio nenoaio i’youeio ??aiyiue ?c i’youeia iaa?aeiieie c
a?aooaaiiyi aeiaeaoeiaeo iaiaaeaiue ? e?eoa??th.

Caaaeuei? caeaaeiino? aeey an?o aeiaeaie?a, ye? aeei?enoiaothoueny i?e
?ica’ycaii? iinoaaeaii? caaea/?, aeaaaeai? c a?aooaaiiyi aeiia
Oe?a?inueeiai caeiiiaeaanoaa.

?ica’ycaiiy caaea/? i?iaiaeeoueny a ianooii?e iine?aeiaiino?:

;

;

;

;

ia/eneththoueny ?io? aeaiaioe aaciaica, yeee i?iaeoo?oueny;

i?iaiaeeoueny aiae?c io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a.

?ic?iaeaii i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy ?ic?aooieo iioeiaeueieo iniiaieo
aeaiaio?a aaciaica, yeee i?iaeoo?oueny, aeiaiaeyoueny ?acoeueoaoe
?ic?aooie?a.

?ic?iaeaii iiaee iaoiae iioei?caoe?? aieiaieo aeaiaio?a i?e
i?iaeooaaii? aaciaic?a aeey iaaea?aeaaieo caiiaiee?a o nenoai?
ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a, ui a?aoiao? aieea eiio?aeoii? oe?ie,
aaee/eie aea?aaeaioii? i?ioeaioii? noaaee, iiiaeaoeoaaiiy, aaie?anueeee
a?aenioie, i/?eoaaio ?ioeyoe?th, i?aei?e?iieoeueeee ?ecee. E??i oiai, o
iaaea?aeaaiiai caiiaieea, o oiio aeiaaeeo, yeui ia iaaeai? o?yaeia?
aa?aio?? i?ae aaie?anueeee e?aaeeo (?iaanoeoe??) aeey aoae?aieoeoaa
noaeia aai na??? noaeai aai, yeui caaiae-aoae?aaeueiee ?icoaoiaaiee iica
a?eueiith aeiiii?/iith ciiith, a?aenooi? o? i?eueae ii
iiiaeaoeiaoaaiith, ye? Eaa?iao I?i?no??a iaaea? aea?aeaaiiio caiiaieeo.
Cacia/aia ianoaaeia ? eeth/iaith i?e ?icaeyae? iioei?caoe?eii? caaea/?
aeey iaaea?aeaaiiai caiiaieea. Iniaeeai aeooaeueia ana neacaia aeey
oaeeo neeaaeieo ? aei?iaeo oei?a noaeai, yeeie ? aaciaice.

USD).

noa? iaioa 1, a cia/eoue, aeeaaeaoe a?io? a aoae?aieoeoai oaeiai
aaciaico ia ia? naino.

– ??/iee aaioaaeiiio?e c??aeaeaiiai aaco ia caaeai?e e?i??, i3.

):

,

– o?eaae?noue aenieoaoaoe?eiiai ia??iaeo aaciaica, aeiaa. Aiae?oe/ia
?ica’ycaiiy nenoaie ??aiyiue ia? aeae

,

i3, iaaaaeai? ia ?en. 7. ?ic?iaeaii i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy. sse aeaeii
c ?en.7, aeey ?icaeyiooi? e?i?? ? ?icaeyiooiai ae?aiaciio e?eueeino?
aaciaic?a, ye? aenieoaoothoueny o nenoai? ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy,
iioeiaeueiee oeio iiaeiai neeaaeaoeny c 6 noaeai aaioaaeii?noe?noth
105000 i3 (oi/ea A). Iaaaaeaii iioeiaeuei? aeaiaioe eiaeiiai c oeeo
noaeai.

c oi/eaie ia ieo a?aeiia?aeii 9 noaeai ? i?noe?noth 58000 i3 – iaeanoue
a?aenooiino? ?ica’ycaiiy iioei?caoe?eii? caaea/?.

ieeue – 2 noaeia aaioaaeii?noe?noth 81000 i3 (?en.8,a). C ca?eueoaiiyi
a?aenoai? a?ae aa?aaa aei IAO ieoii? i?eaaaeai? aeo?aoe ca?eueoothoueny
c 22,447 a?i./o aei 33,808 a?i./o.

i3 aac a?aooaaiiy ? c a?aooaaiiyi niaeaiiai aaco, ui aeia?oaaany , a
aia?aaoe/i?e onoaiiaoe? noaeia. Aeiaaaeaii, ui c? ciaioaiiyi ??/iiai
aaioaaeiiioieo a aeaa ?ace e?euee?noue noaeai oeioo aaciaic?a
ciaioo?oueny aei aeaio ? ciaioo?oueny ?oiy aaioaaeii?noe?noue ?c
iaaaeeeei c?inoaiiyi ieoiieo i?eaaaeaieo aeo?ao.

noa?ao. Iio?i ?ic?aoiaothoue ae?aiao? noa?e, ?ici??e aaioaaeii? ciie e
?ioeo i?ei?uaiue, ye? aieeaathoue ia aea?? aieiaieo ?ici???a noaeia.

I?e iioei?caoe?? aieiaieo aeaiaio?a ii?nueeeo caaiae?a cai?o ?
ia?aeiiiai i?aeaiooaaiiy aaco aei o?ainii?ooaaiiy c? noa?e/ieie
aeeaaeieie oaieaie, ye aeaiaio?a nenoaie, a?aoiaothoueny oae? ?o
iniaeeaino?: iane caian?a iaeeaa ? ianoeea ia caeaaeaoue a?ae
aeaeueiino? ieaaaiiy, a caeaaeaoue a?ae o?eaaeino? aenieoaoaoe?eiiai
ia??iaeo e ia’?io c??aeaeaiiai aaco , ui caa??aa?oueny, ca oeae ia??iae;
iiooaei?noue aia?aaoe/ii? onoaiiaee caeaaeeoue a?ae iiooaeiino?
onoaiiaee c??aeaeaiiy aaco ? a?ae o?eaaeino? i?aeo?eiee iaiao?aeii?
oaiia?aoo?e a oaieao ? ia caeaaeeoue a?ae oaeaeeino? oiaeo caaiaeo
(a?aenooi? iiiyooy niaoeeo?eaoe?eia oaeaee?noue); ye ci?ii? ?ici??e i?e
?ica’ycaii? iioei?caoe?eii? caaea/? iiaeii? aooe i?eeiyo? aeiaaeeia,
oe?eia, inaaeea, aenioa ai?oa ? e?euee?noue oaie?a ia ii?nueeiio
caaiae?, a iniiaieie iaiaaeaiiyie – ??aiyiiy ieaao/ino?, i?noeino?,
ino?eiino?, caaacia/aiiy iia?eueiino? oeoaaeoe? ? ??aiyiiy, ui ca’yco?
ia’?i noa?e c ?? ae?aiao?ii ? ?ic?aooieiaith i?noe?noth caaiaeo
(cai?noue ??aiyiiy oiaeiaino?). E?eoa???i iioei?caoe?eii? caaea/?
iiaeooue aooe aai i?eaaaeai? aeo?aoe, aai aaee/eia i?aei?e?iieoeueeiai
?eceeo. ?icaeyiooi iniaeeaino? i?iaeooaaiiy aaciaic?a ?c iaia?aiieie
oaieaie ye aeaiaioa nenoaie.

O i’yoiio ?icae?e? aeine?aeaeothoueny ieoaiiy caaacia/aiiy iaae?eii? ?
aacia/ii? aenieoaoaoe?? aaciaic?a ? ii?nueeeo caaiae?a cai?o ?
ia?aeiiiai i?aeaiooaaiiy aaco aei o?ainii?ooaaiiy. Iaae?eia
aenieoaoaoe?y aaciaic?a ? ii?nueeeo caaiae?a o nenoai? ii?nueeiai
o?ainii?ooaaiiy aaco – oea ni?iiiaei?noue cacia/aieo ia’?eo?a aeeiioaaoe
? caa??aaoe a /ano caaeai? ?i ooieoe?? a caaeaieo ?aaeeiao ? oiiaao
aenieoaoaoe??, oaoi?/iiai ianeoaiaoaaiiy ? ?aiiio?a. Aacia/ia
aenieoaoaoe?y aaciaic?a ? ii?nueeeo caaiae?a o nenoai? ii?nueeiai
o?ainii?ooaaiiy aaco – oea ni?iiiaei?noue cacia/aieo ia’?eo?a
caaacia/oaaoe aaciaeo /eai?a ae?iaaeo ? ianaaee??a. Iieaciee iaae?eiino?
– aaee/eia, ui oa?aeoa?eco? iaeio c aeanoeainoae (iaeeie/iee iieaciee)
aai aeae?eueea aeanoeainoae iaae?eiino? (eiiieaeniee iieaciee). O
aeaiiio ?icae?e? ?icaeyiooi iaeei ?c aieiaieo iaeeie/ieo iieaciee?a
iaae?eiino? – i?oei?noue oaie?a aaciaic?a ? ii?nueeeo caaiae?a.
E?eoa???i i?oeiino? ? eiao?oe??io caiano i?oeiino?. E?eoa???i aacia/ii?
aenieoaoaoe?? aaciaic?a ? ii?nueeeo caaiae?a o nenoai? ii?nueeiai
o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a oaeiae ? eiao?oe??io caiano i?oeiino?, ui o
oeueiio aeiaaeeo iaceaa?oueny eiao?oe??ioii aaciaee. Aea?? iaoa??ae?a ?c
aaeeeeie caianaie i?oeiino? aeey oaie?a ? ei?ion?a aaciaic?a, a oaeiae
aeey ii?nueeeo caaiae?a ca?eueoo? oa?i?i ?oiuei? aenieoaoaoe??,
i?aeaeuo? ?iia??i?noue ?oiuei? aaca?aeiiaii? ?iaioe, oiaoi i?aeaeuo?
iaae?ei?noue i?e i?aeaeuaii? eiio?aeoii? oe?ie noaeai. Oiio iniiaiith
caaea/ath caaacia/aiiy iaae?eii? ? aacia/ii? aenieoaoaoe?? aaciaic?a ?
ii?nueeeo caaiae?a cai?o ? ia?aeiiiai i?aeaiooaaiiy aaco aei
o?ainii?ooaaiiy i?e ?oi?e aenieoaoaoe?? a nenoai? ? caaea/a aecia/aiiy
?oi?o iioeiaeueieo ia?aiao??a (aeea. ?icae. 3 ? 4) c a?aooaaiiyi
iieacieea iaae?eiino? ? e?eoa??th aaciaee, aecia/aieo ca ?acoeueoaoaie
?ic?aooieo i?oeiino? a aeaiiio ?icae?e?. E??i oiai, ?ic?aooiee i?oeiino?
aeicaieythoue c oi/ee ci?o caaacia/aiiy iaae?eii? ? aacia/ii?
aenieoaoaoe?? aaciaic?a ? ii?nueeeo caaiae?a aecia/aoe noaoo?
iaaaioaaeaiue, ye? iaiao?aei? i?e ?oiueiio i?iaeooaaii?.

?icaeyiooi ?ic?aooieia? noaoe/i? ? aeeiai?/i? iaaaioaaeaiiy, ui
aeieeathoue i?e aenieoaoaoe?? aaciaic?a ? ii?nueeeo caaiae?a cai?o ?
ia?aeiiiai i?aeaiooaaiiy aaco aei o?ainii?ooaaiiy.

Aecia/aiiy i?enei?aiue, aeeeeeaieo oeoaaeoeath noaeia ia ia?aaoey?iiio
oaeethaaii?, ? eiao?oe??io?a aeeiai?/iino? yaey? niaith neeaaeio
aaaaoiia?aiao?e/io ? aaaaoiaa??aioio caaea/o, /enaeueia ?ica’ycaiiy
yei? ia aoiaeeoue a aeine?aeaeaiiy ?iaioe ? yea iiaea a ??cei ca?eueoeoe
?? ia’?i. Oaeo caaea/o aaoi? ae??oea o ?aieao OAeO ? 848/IV “?ic?iaea
iaoiaeeee ?ic?aooieo coneeue o iano/eo aeaiaioao eiino?oeoe?e noaeiiaeo
nionei-i?aei?iaeueieo i?eno?i?a aeey aaoiiiiieo i?aeaiaeieo aia?ao?a”,
iaoeiaei ea??aieeii yei? aoa i?ioyaii onueiai oa?i?ia ?? aeeiiaiiy
(caeeth/iee ca?o iaaaaeaii o 6 eieaao). ?acoeueoaoe OAeO ai?iaaaeaeaii a
I?aaeea ?aa?no?a N?N? (aeo aeiaea?oueny).

. ?ic?aooiie aeenia?n??, iaoaiaoe/iiai i/?eoaaiiy, 3% caaacia/aiiy ?
iaeneiaeueiiai cia/aiiy eiao?oe??ioa aeeiai?/iino?.

=1,2803. Ae?aooaaaoe eiao?oe??io aeeiai?/iino?, iiaeia aecia/eoe
aeeiai?/i? iaaaioaaeaiiy, ui ae?thoue ia eiino?oeoe?? oaie?a aaciaic?a.
Aeey aecia/aiiy aeeiai?/ieo iai?oaeaiue iaiao?aeii aeeiiaoe ?ic?aooiee
i?oeiino? aeeaaeieo oaie?a oeio A iaoiaeii e?ioeaaeo aeaiaio?a (IEA).

I?eaaaeaii aecia/aiiy aeiionoeieo iai?oaeaiue. ?ic?iaeaii iaoaiaoe/i?
iiaeae? ?ic?aooie?a i?oeiino? oaie?a aaciaic?a ? ii?nueeeo caaiae?a
cai?o ? ia?aeiiiai i?aeaiooaaiiy aaco aei o?ainii?ooaaiiy, ye?
caaacia/othoue iaae?eio ? aacia/io ?oith aenieoaoaoe?th. ?ic?iaeai?
I?aaeea ?aa?no?a noaeiiieaanoaa Oe?a?ie aeey aaciaic?a. Aeinoia??i?noue
on?o oi?ioe, ?aeiiaiaeiaaieo aeey I?aaee ?aa?no?a noaeiiieaanoaa
Oe?a?ie, i?aeoaa?aeaeaia ia?aa??eith ?ic?aooie?a ii iei ? ii??aiyiiyi
io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a ?c ?ici??aie ca’yce?a iaai??a oaie?a aaciaic?a
“Niieueiue” (i?noe?noth 37000 i3), “Iinniaao”, “Eainiaao”, “Ay?oneey”
(i?noe?noth 75000 i3) ? I?aaeeaie O?aioeocueeiai Ath?i Aa?eoan.
?ic?iaeaii iaoiaeeeo ?ic?aooieo i?oeiino? aeeaaeieo i?eciaoe/ieo
aaioaaeieo oaie?a oeio A ? A aeey aaciaic?a. ?ic?iaeaii eiia?iiaaiee
iaoiae ?ic?aooieo i?oeiino? oaie?a oeio A ? A aeey aaciaic?a.
?ic?iaeaii iaoaiaoe/io iiaeaeue ? iaoiaeeeo ?ic?aooieo i?oeiino?
noa?e/ieo aaioaaeieo oaie?a oeio N aeey aaciaic?a ? ii?nueeeo caaiae?a
cai?o ? ia?aeiiiai i?aeaiooaaiiy aaco aei o?ainii?ooaaiiy. I?e oeueiio
a?aoiaaii aieea ia i?oei?ni? oa?aeoa?enoeee oaie?a ?oi?o iii?.
Aeinoia??i?noue iaoaiaoe/ii? iiaeae? i?aeoaa?aeaeaia ia?aa??eith ?? aeey
aaciaica oeio “Aquarius”. ?ic?iaeaii i?iaeo noaiaea?oo ?ic?aooieo
caaaeueii? i?oeiino? aaciaic?a. Io?eiaii ?ic?aooieia? caeaaeiino?.

O oinoiio ?icae?e? ?icaeyiooi ieoaiiy caaacia/aiiy iaae?eii? ? aacia/ii?
aenieoaoaoe?? i?eno?i?a aaciaic?a, ii?nueeeo caaiae?a cai?o ? ia?aeiiiai
i?aeaiooaaiiy aaco aei o?ainii?ooaaiiy ? noaeai ianeoaiaoaaiiy ii?nueeeo
o?oaii?iaiae?a. Aeine?aeaeaii iaae?eio ? aacia/io aenieoaoaoe?th
oaa?oiaieo i?eno?i?a aaciaic?a ? ii?nueeeo caaiae?a i?e noiyioe? ?o a?ey
i?e/aeo, i?e ni?euei?e noiyioe? a ii?? aaciaica ? ii?nueeiai caaiaeo.
I?eaaaeaii aeie-noaio i?iaeooaaiiy oaa?oiaiiai i?eno?ith. Iaaaaeai?
noaie caaaeueieo ?icoaooaaiue oaa?oiaieo i?eno??a aaciaic?a.
Oaeineiiaeaii iaoaiaoe/io iiaeaeue caaacia/aiiy iaae?eii? ? aacia/ii?
aenieoaoaoe?? caoenoo ei?ion?a aaciaic?a ? ii?nueeeo caaiae?a a?ae
ooeiaeaeaiue i?e i?iaaaeaii? oaa?oiaieo iia?aoe?e a?ey i?e/aeo oa o
ii??. ?ic?iaeaii iaoiae i?aeaeuaiiy iaae?eii? ? aacia/ii? aenieoaoaoe??
i?eno?i?a, ui caaacia/othoue ?aiiio ii?nueeeo o?oaii?iaiae?a nenoaie.

?icaeyaea?oueny i?inoi?iaa caaea/a aecia/aiiy coneeue o eaiaoao
nionei-i?aei?iaeueieo i?eno?i?a (NII), ?c o?eno?iiiaith noaiith
i?iaiaeee eaiao?a, ui i?aeaeuo? iaae?ei?noue ? aaciaeo aenieoaoaoe??
oaeeo i?eno?i?a, i?e e?ai? noaeia ianeoaiaoaaiiy ii?nueeeo
o?oaii?iaiae?a. NII i?ecia/aii aeey nioneo ia aiaeo ? i?eeiio
i?aeaiaeieo aia?ao?a, ui caaacia/othoue ?aiiio ii?nueeeo o?oaii?iaiae?a.
?aeaae?ciaaia ?ic?aooieiaa noaia NII, o ye?e a?oie eaiao?a cai?iai?
iaeiei, iieacaia ia ?en. 9.

(?en.11).

:

,

(?en.10).

Iaaaaeaii ?ic?aooiie coneeue o eaiaoao NII c aeaino?iiiith noaiith
?oiuei? i?iaiaeee i?e ai?oia?e oeoaaeoe? noaeia. Iiaoaeiaaia iaoaiaoe/ia
iiaeaeue aecia/aiiy coneeue o eaiaoao aeaino?iiieo i?aea?nie NII
aeicaiey? ?ica’ycoaaoe caaea/? aeeiai?ee oaeeo eiino?oeoe?e i?e
oeoaaeoe? noaeia ianeoaiaoaaiiy ii?nueeeo o?oaii?iaiae?a. ?ica’ycaii
aeeoa?aioe?aeueia ??aiyiiy ciooaieo eieeaaiue nenoaie c aeaino?iiiith
i?aea?neith – i?aeaiaeiee aia?ao. I?iaaaeaii aiae?c io?eiaieo
?acoeueoao?a. ?ic?iaeaia iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaeue iiaea aooe aeei?enoaia i?e
?ica’ycaii? caaea/ aecia/aiiy coneeue o eaiaoao ?ioeo eiino?oeoe?e,
iiae?aieo ?icaeyiooi?.

?ic?iaeaii iaoiae aeeiai?/ieo ?ic?aooie?a nionei-i?aei?iaeueiiai
eiiieaeno, ui caaacia/o? nione ia ??ci? aeeaeie oaoi?/ieo cania?a, ui
caaacia/othoue aenieoaoaoe?th ii?nueeeo o?oaii?iaiae?a (?en.12). Aei
neeaaeo eiiieaeno c iaoith aan?iiy eieeaaiue a?ae oeoaaeoe? noaeia
caio?aiiai ia aaeeeo aeeaeio iaianaeaiiai i?aeaiaeiiai aia?aoa aeeth/aii
eiiiainoth/ee i?eno??e. Cai?iiiiiaaiee iaoiae aeicaiey? aeeiioaaoe
ioe?ieo aoaeoeaiino? eiiiainaoi?a oeoaaeoe? noaeia, aecia/aoe aeeiai?/i?
iaaaioaaeaiiy a eaiao? ? eiiiainaoi??, ia?ai?uaiiy aoaeue-yeeo oi/ie
eaiaoa, eiiiainaoi?a ? i?oaeeie, ui iaiao?aeii i?e caaacia/aii?
iaae?eii? ? aacia/ii? ?o aenieoaoaoe??, a oaeiae i?e i?iaeooaaii?
i?eno?i?a, ui caaacia/othoue aeeaieiaiaeia caio?aiiy ??ciiai ?iaeo
ia’?eo?a. Iaaaaeaii aeai?eoi ?ic?aooieo.

AENIIAEE

A oaia??oi?e /an o a?o/eciyi?e iaooe? a?aenooi? aeine?aeaeaiiy,
i?enay/ai? i?iaeai? noai?aiiy oai??? i?iaeooaaiiy nenoai ii?nueeiai
o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a, iniiaiei aeaiaioii yeeo ? aaciaice ??cieo oei?a.
Ie?ai? ?ic??ciai? caaaeaiiy ? a ca?oa?aei?e ? ?aaeyinuee?e e?oa?aoo??.
Ia i?aenoaa? aeaoaeueiiai aiae?co anoaiiaeaia aeooaeuei?noue ?
?ic?iaeaia iaoiaeeea i?iaaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiue ii i?iaeooaaiith nenoaie
ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a.

O aeena?oaoe?ei?e ?iaio? aia?oa ae??oaia aaaeeeaa i?eeeaaeia i?iaeaia o
a?o/eciyi?e iaooe? ?ic?iaee ii?nueeeo ?iaeiaeu ei?enieo eiiaeei ? a
noaeiiaoae?ai?e iaooe?: noai?aii oai?aoe/i? iniiae i?iaeooaaiiy ?
?ic?aooieo nenoaie ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a ? i?eioeeiiai iiaeo,
c oi/ee ci?o eiino?oeoeaieo ? aenieoaoaoe?eieo iniaeeainoae, aieiaieo ??
aeaiaio?a: iaa?no?aeueieo o?oaii?iaiae?a, aa?aaiaeo noiaeu aaco,
aaciaic?a ?c ??cieie oeiaie aeeaaeieo oaie?a, ii?nueeeo caaiae?a cai?o ?
ia?aeiiiai i?aeaiooaaiiy aaco aei o?ainii?ooaaiiy, ?oi?o i?eno?i?a, a
oaeiae niaoe?aeueieo i?eno?i?a noaeai ianeoaiaoaaiiy ii?nueeeo
o?oaii?iaiae?a. I?e oeueiio a?aoiaai? iniaeeaino? aac?a ui
o?ainii?oothoueny, aieea aeia?o aaco ? aeei?enoaiiy eiai a aia?aaoe/i?e
onoaiiaoe? ia iniiai? aeaiaioe aaciaic?a. Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ?
nenoaie ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a ? neeaaeia? ?oi? aeaiaioe.

Aia?oa ae??oai? ieoaiiy eiiieaeniiai c’?aeiaiiy ie?aieo aoai?a
i?iaeooaaiiy nenoaie ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a ? aieiaieo ??
aeaiaio?a o ?aeeiee aaoiiaoeciaaiee iine?aeiaiee eaioetha iaoiae?a ?
i?ia?ai, ui aeicaieythoue ia’?aeiaoe coneeey ??cieo oao?aoe?a o iiooeao
iioeiaeueiiai i?iaeoo ye nenoaie a oe?eiio, oae ? aieiaiiai ?? aeaiaioa
– aaciaica, ?c iiaeyaeo aeiiii?ee e iioeiaeueii? aeo?aoe ne?iaeie.

Aia?oa ?ic?iaeaii iaoiae oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/iiai iaa?oiooaaiiy iinoa/aiue
aaco o?oaii?ia?aeiei o?ainii?oii o nenoai? ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy
aaco, a oaeiae iaoiaee ? i?ia?aiia caaacia/aiiy oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/iiai
iaa?oiooaaiiy aoae?aaeueii? aa?oino?, eiio?aeoii? oe?ie ? ?ic?aooie?a
i?oeiino? aa?aaiaeo ?ieinoae cai?o ? ia?aeiiiai i?aeaiooaaiiy aaco aei
o?ainii?ooaaiiy.

Aia?oa ?ic?iaeaii aeiiii?/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy nenoaie ii?nueeiai
o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a a Oe?a?io aaciaicaie ? aeiaaaeaii, ui noai?aiiy a
Oe?a?i? nenoaie ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a – oea ?aeeii iiaeeeaee
aa??aio aeeaa?n?o?eaoe??.

Aia?oa ?ic?iaeaii aeeoa?aioe?aeueiee iaoiae aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino?
aaciaic?a o nenoai? ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a.

Aia?oa ?ic?iaeaii iaoiae oaoi?ei-aeiiii?/iiai iaa?oiooaaiiy aeey
iaaea?aeaaieo caiiaiee?a aaciaic?a.

8. Aia?oa ?ic?iaeaii iaoiae i?iaeooaaiiy aaciaic?a o nenoai?
ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a ia ii/aoeiaeo aoaiao i?iaeooaaiiy, ui
a?aoiao? oae? iniaeeaino? aaciaic?a: aeia? aaioaaeo i?ae /an ia?aoiaeo;
aeo?aoe aaco ia caaacia/aiiy aaeanoiaiai ia?aoiaeo, aeei?enoaiiy eiai a
AO ? a onoaiiaeao iiaoi?iiai c??aeaeaiiy; eiino?oeoe?th ciie, yea
oo?eio? aaioaae; aenieo aa?o?noue oaie?a. Aia?oa ?ic?iaeaii iaoiae
aeai?o iioeiaeueieo iniiaieo aeaiaio?a aaciaic?a aeey aea?aeaaiiai ?
iaaea?aeaaiiai caiiaiee?a o nenoai? ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a.

Aia?oa ?ic?iaeaii iaoiae iioei?caoe?? aeaiaio?a oeioo aaciaic?a i?e eiai
aenieoaoaoe?? a nenoai? ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a.

i3 iaaeioe?eueii a nenoai? ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a
aeei?enoiaoaaoe aaciaice, a aeioe?eueii – ii?nueeee o?oaii?ia?ae.

Aia?oa aecia/aii iioeiaeueiee neeaae oeioo aaciaic?a ? iioeiaeueia
aaioaaeii?noe?noue eiai noaeai, ye? aenieoaoothoueny o nenoai?
ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a IAO – aaciaic – nooiiooiee
iaa?no?aeueiee aacii?ia?ae c a?aooaaiiyi ? aac a?aooaaiiy aeei?enoaiiy
aaco, ui aeia?iao?oueny, a aia?aaoe/i?e onoaiiaoe? noaeia.

Aia?oa ?ic?iaeaii iaoaiaoe/i? iiaeae? ? iaoiaee ?ic?aooie?a i?oeiino?
oaie?a aaciaic?a ? ii?nueeeo caaiae?a cai?o ? ia?aeiiiai i?aeaiooaaiiy
aaco aei o?ainii?ooaaiiy, ui caaacia/othoue iaae?eio ? aacia/io ?oith
aenieoaoaoe?th. I?e oeueiio a?aoiaaii aieea ia i?oei?ni? oa?aeoa?enoeee
oaie?a ?oi?o iii?.

Aia?oa ?ic?iaeaii ?icae?e I?aaee ?aa?no?a noaeiiieaanoaa Oe?a?ie
“Noaeia-aaciaice”.

Aia?oa ?ic?iaeaii iaoaiaoe/io iiaeaeue ? aeai?eoi ?ic?aooieo
caaacia/aiiy iaae?eii? ? aacia/ii? aenieoaoaoe?? oaa?oiaieo i?eno?i?a
aaciaic?a ? ii?nueeeo caaiae?a ia?aeiiiai i?aeaiooaaiiy aaco aei
o?ainii?ooaaiiy i?ae /an noiyiee a?ey i?e/aeo ? i?e ni?euei?e noiyioe? a
ii?? oa oaeineiiaeaii iaoaiaoe/io iiaeaeue caaacia/aiiy iaae?eii? ?
aacia/ii? aenieoaoaoe?? i?eno?i?a caoenoo ei?ion?a aaciaic?a ? ii?nueeeo
caaiae?a a?ae ooeiaeaeaiue i?e i?iaaaeaii? oaa?oiaieo iia?aoe?e a?ey
i?e/aeo oa o ii??.

Aia?oa ?ic?iaeaii iaoiae i?aeaeuaiiy iaae?eii? ? aacia/ii?
aenieoaoaoe?? i?eno?i?a, ui caaacia/othoue ?aiiio ii?nueeeo
o?oaii?iaiae?a nenoaie. Aia?oa iiaoaeiaaia iaoaiaoe/ia iiaeaeue
aecia/aiiy coneeue o eaiaoao aeaino?iiieo i?aea?nie NII aeicaiey?
?ica’ycoaaoe caaea/? aeeiai?ee oaeeo eiino?oeoe?e i?e oeoaaeoe? noaeia
ianeoaiaoaaiiy ii?nueeeo o?oaii?iaiae?a. ?ica’ycaii aeeoa?aioe?aeueia
??aiyiiy ciooaieo eieeaaiue nenoaie aeaino?iiia i?aea?nea – i?aeaiaeiee
aia?ao.

Aia?oa ?ic?iaeaii iaoiae aeeiai?/ieo ?ic?aooie?a
nionei-i?aei?iaeueiiai eiiieaeno, ui caaacia/o? nione ia ??ci? aeeaeie
an?eyeeo oaoi?/ieo cania?a, ui caaacia/othoue aenieoaoaoe?th ii?nueeeo
o?oaii?iaiae?a.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe iieyaa? a aeiaaaeaii?
oai?aoe/ieo ?ica’ycaiue aei i?aeoe/ieo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?e ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy
?oi?o ?acoeueoao?a o i?iaeooaaiiy, i?aeaiooaaiiy eiio?aeo?a ?
aeieoiaio?a ia aoae?aieoeoai aaciaic?a, o iaa/aeueiee i?ioean ?
iaoeiai-aeine?aeio ?iaioo.

I?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue ?iaioe ca’ycaia c ae??oaiiyi aaaeeeaiai
iaoeiai-ae?iaie/iai caaaeaiiy iaoiaee/iiai caaacia/aiiy ?ic?aooieiaiai
i?iaeooaaiiy nenoai ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a ? iaeaaaeeea?oeo ??
aeaiaio?a. Canoinoaaiiy ?ic?iaeaiiai eiiieaeno i?ia?ai aeicaiey?
i?iaiaeeoe iiaeaeueo? aeine?aeaeaiiy a iaeano? aeai?o iioeiaeueieo
oa?aeoa?enoee nenoai ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a, oa?aeoa?enoee
aaciaic?a, aenieoaoaoe?? aaciaic?a ? ii?nueeeo caaiae?a, ciaioaiith
?oiuei? iaoaei?ieino?, ca?eueoaiith ae?iaie/eo iiaeeeainoae
noaeiiaoae?aieo caaiae?a ? i?iaeoieo i?aai?caoe?e, ?aoe?iiaeueiiai
o?ainii?ooaaiiy ?ic?iaethaaieo ia ?iaeiaeuao ei?enieo eiiaeei.
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue, ye? io?eiai? a ?iaio?, iaaeathoue
iiaeeea?noue ?iaeaia?ai, eiino?oeoi?ai, i?iaeooaaeueieeai ? nooaeaioai
i?iaiaeeoe aiae?c iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio oaie?a aaciaic?a ?
aeyaeyoe ? aeei?enoiaoaaoe ?aca?ae i?oeiino?.

I?aeoe/ia canoinoaaiiy ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe
a?aeia?aaeaii a aeoao ai?iaaaeaeaiiy oaeeo i?aei?e?inoa ? i?aai?caoe?e:
AAO “Caaiae Ieaai”, ?aa?no? noaeiiieaanoaa Oe?a?ie, IEA “I?ia?an”,
OAeIOO.

?ic?iaeai? iaoiaee ?ic?aooieo ? i?iaeooaaiiy nenoai ii?nueeiai
o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a ? aaciaic?a ?c ??cieie oaieaie ? ?oi?ie
i?eno?iyie, a oaeiae niaoe?aeueieo i?eno?i?a noaeai ianeoaiaoaaiiy
ii?nueeeo o?oaii?iaiae?a iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? a i?iaeoieo ?
eiino?oeoi?nueeeo i?aai?caoe?yo, ia noaeiiaoae?aieo caaiaeao, o
eiia?oe?eieo o??iao, o noaeiiaeanieoeueeeo eiiiai?yo, aacio?ainii?oieo
i?aai?caoe?yo ? nooaeaioaie aeueo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a o iaa/aeueiiio
i?ioean?.

Aeinoia??i?noue ?acoeueoao?a aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe i?aeoaa?aeaeaia
ca?aii ?ic?aooieiaeo aeaieo ?c aeaieie aaciaic?a “Niieueiue” (i?noe?noth
37000 i3) oa “Iinniaao”, “Eainiaao”, “Ay?oneey” (i?noe?noth 75000 i3),
“Aquarius” (i?noe?noth 125000 i3), noaoenoe/ieie aeaieie ? I?aaeeaie
O?aioeocueeiai Ath?i Aa?eoan.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? a?aeia?aaeai? a iaoeiaeo
niaoe?ae?ciaaieo aeaeaiiyo

Caeoeaa A.A., Ei?iaaiia TH.I. Noaea-aaciaicu. — E.: Noaeino?iaiea, 1990.
— 304 n.

Noaeiaua ono?ienoaa: Ni?aai/iee / I.I. Aeaenaiae?ia, A.A. Aoaaaiei,
TH.A. A?oia, TH.Ae. AEoeia, A.A. Caeoeaa, A.ss. Eaca?acia, E.A.
Eaiai/oe, TH.I. Ei?iaaiia, A.Y. Iaaoea, A.N. Neiiiaiei / Iiae ?aae. I.I.
Aeaenaiae?iaa. — E.: Noaeino?iaiea, 1987. — 656 n.

Aeeooa?aioeeaeueiia o?aaiaiea yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe o?ainii?oiiai
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Caeoeaa A.A., Eiaai E.I., Caeoeaa Aae.A. Eiiiainaoeey eieaaaiee oaea,
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Caeoeaa A.A., Ei?iaaiia TH.I. I?iaeoe?iaaiea ieaeaeue-oiaiaiooia e
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Caeoeaa A.A., Ei?iaaiia TH.I. I?iaeoe?iaaiea noaeia-aaciaicia //
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der Sektion Schiffstechnik der Wilhelm — Pieck — Universitaet, — 1989. —
Band 1: Schiffsprojektierung und Schiffskonstruktion, — Sonderheft
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Caeoeaa A.A., Ei?iaaiia TH.I., AEoeia TH.Ae. I?iaeoe?iaaiea yei?iuo e
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// Schiffbauforschung, Wissenschaftlich — technische mitteilungen.
Fortschritte der Schiffstechnik in Theorie — Experiment — Praxis, 3. bis
6. Oktober 1989 in Rostock an der Sektion Schiffstechnik. — Rostock:
Herausgegeben vom VEB Kombinat Schiffbau, Rostock in Zusammenarbeit mit
der Sektion Schiffstechnik der Wilhelm — Pieck — Universitaet, — 1989. —
Band 1: Schiffsprojektierung und Schiffskonstruktion, — Sonderheft
Internationales Rostocker Schiffstechnisches Symposium 1989, — S. 66-77.

Caeoeaa A.A., Ia?ouiaoe A.I. Eiiaeie?iaaiiue iaoiae i?iaeoe?iaaiey
ei?ioniuo eiino?oeoeee iaeioiiiaaeiuo noaeia // Iaeioiiiaaeiia
noaeino?iaiea: Na.iao/.o?. — Ieeieaaa: IEE. ( 1988. — N. 70-75.

Caeoeaa A.A., Ia?ouiaoe A.I. Ii?aaeaeaiea ?acia?ia iniiaiuo
eiino?oeoeaiuo yeaiaioia i?eciaoe/aneeo oaieia aaciaicia // O?oaeu IEE.
— Ieeieaaa: IEE. ( 1980. — Aui. 167. — N. 72-77.

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iino?ieee noaeia-aaciaicia // O?oaeu IEE. — Ieeieaaa: IEE. ( 1979. —
Aui. 154. ( N. 105-109.

Ei?iaaiia TH.I., Caeoeaa A.A., Aoaaaiei A.A. I?aeoeeoi ii noaeiaui
ono?ienoaai: O/aaiia iiniaea. — Ieeieaaa: IEE, 1990. – 61 n.

Ei?iaaiia TH.I., Caeoeaa A.A., Ia?ouiaoe A.I. Oceu e eiino?oeoeee
noaeia-aaciaicia: O/aaiia iiniaea. — Ieeieaaa: IEE, 1982. — 39 n.

Ieaooi?iu ni n?aaenoaaie ieaao/anoe aeey iaieaaiuo aeie-iiaeoeae OYN /
E.C. Aaeonoia, E.A. Aaaaeaeai, E.I. Ona/aa, A.A. Iaaeia, E.E.?ueia, A.A.
Caeoeaa, TH.I. Ei?iaaiia // Yia?aaoe/aneia no?ieoaeuenoai. — 1991. —? 1.
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Caeoeaa A.A., Ia?ouiaoe A.I. E iainiiaaieth i?aaee eeanneoeeaoeee e
iino?ieee iaeioiiiaaeiuo noaeia // Niaa?oainoaiaaiea noaeiauo ono?ienoa
e aeaeeo eiino?oeoeee: Na.iao/.o?. — Ieeieaaa: IEE. ( 1986. — N. 70-75.

A.n. 3097644. / TH.I. Ei?iaaiia, A.I. Ia?ouiaoe, A.Y. Iaaoea, A.A.
Caeoeaa, A.O. Ia?aaacaioeaa, A.N. Aieioiaa (NNN?). – ? 223187; Cayaeaii
25.09.84. Ca?aaeno?. 01.08.85.

A.n. 3104888. / A.Y. Iaaoea, A.I. Ia?ouiaoe, A.A. Caeoeaa, TH.I.
Ei?iaaiia, A.O. Ia?aaacaioeaa, A.Ae. Ai?iaeiauo (NNN?). – ? 228467;
Cayaeaii 07.01.85. Ca?aaeno?. 01.11.85.

Cayaea ? 4682516 / 24-11 (057189) NNN?, IEE A 63 A 35/44. Ieaao/ay
ieaooi?ia / TH.I. Ei?iaaiia, A.A. Caeoeaa, E.E. ?ueia, E.C. Aaeonoia,
A.A. ?acoiiue (Iieiaeeoaeueiia ?aoaiea io 12.09.89).

Iniiai? ioae?eaoe??, a yeeo aeiaeaoeiai aeeeaaeaii ci?no aeena?oaoe???

Caeoeaa A.A., Caeoeaa Aae.A. Ioe?iea aeiiii?/ii? aoaeoeaiino? i?e
i?iaeooaaii? noaeai-aaciaic?a // Iaoa??aee I?aeia?iaeiiai
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/iiai neiiic?oio “I?iaeaie noaeiiaoaeoaaiiy: noai, ?aea?,
??oaiiy”: Ieeiea?a, 8 — 10 aeiaoiy 1997 ?. — Ieeiea?a: OAeIOO, 1997. —
N. 70-71.

Caeoeaa A.A., Eaca??cia A.ss., Caeoeaa Aae.A. Iiaeeeaino? i?iaeooaaiiy
oa iiaoaeiae noaeai-aaciaic?a noaeiiaoae?aiith i?iieneia?noth Oe?a?ie
// Iaoa??aee I?aeia?iaeiiai iaoeiai-i?aeoe/iiai neiiic?oio “I?iaeaie
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?. — Ieeiea?a: OAeIOO, 1997. — N. 71-72.

Caeoeaa A.A., Ei?iaaiia TH.I., AEoeia TH.Ae. I?iaeoe?iaaiea yei?iuo e
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oaa?oiaiuo ono?ienoa (yei?iua ono?ienoaa): O/aaiia iiniaea. – 2-a ecae.,
eni?aa., aeii. — Ieeieaaa: IEE, 1992. — 74 n.

AIIOAOe?ss

Caeoeaa A.A. Oai?aoe/i? iniiae i?iaeooaaiiy nenoaie ii?nueeiai
o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a. – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy aeieoi?a oaoi?/ieo iaoe ca
niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.15.12 –?ic?iaea ii?nueeeo ?iaeiaeu ei?enieo eiiaeei.
– Naaanoiiieuenueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao, Naaanoiiieue,
1999.

Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia ?ic?iaoe? aaaeeeai? i?eeeaaeii? i?iaeaie o
a?o/eciyi?e iaooe? ?ic?iaee ii?nueeeo ?iaeiaeu ei?enieo eiiaeei ? a
noaeiiaoae?ai?e iaooe? – noai?aiiy oai?aoe/ieo iniia i?iaeooaaiiy ?
?ic?aooieo nenoaie ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a ? i?eioeeiiai iiaeo,
c oi/ee ci?o eiino?oeoeaieo ? aenieoaoaoe?eieo iniaeeainoae, aieiaieo ??
aeaiaio?a: iaa?no?aeueieo o?oaii?iaiae?a, aa?aaiaeo noiaeu aaco,
aaciaic?a ?c ??cieie oeiaie aeeaaeieo oaie?a, ii?nueeeo caaiae?a cai?o ?
ia?aeiiiai i?aeaiooaaiiy aaco aei o?ainii?ooaaiiy, ?oi?o i?eno?i?a, a
oaeiae niaoe?aeueieo i?eno?i?a noaeai ianeoaiaoaaiiy ii?nueeeo
o?oaii?iaiae?a. I?e oeueiio a?aoiaai? iniaeeaino? o?ainii?ooth?ieo
aac?a, aieea aeia?o aaco ? aeei?enoaiiy eiai a aia?aaoe/i?e onoaiiaoe?
ia iniiai? aeaiaioe aaciaic?a. Ia’?eoii aeine?aeaeaiiy ? nenoaie
ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a ? neeaaeia? ?oi? aeaiaioe.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: ?ic?iaea ii?nueea, ?iaeiaeua, aac, nenoaia,
o?oaii?ia?ae, noiaeua, aaciaic, ii?nueeee caaiae, ?ie?noue, oaie,
o?ainii?ooaaiiy, iioei?caoe?y, i?iaeooaaiiy, iaae?ei?noue, aaciaea,
i?eno??e.

SUMMARY

Zaitsev V.V. Theoretical Basis of Marine Gas Transport System Designing.
– Manuscript.

Dissertation for obtaining scientific degree of Doctor of Technical
Sciences on specialty 05.15.12 – Development deposits raw resources sea.
– Sebastopol State Technical University, Sebastopol, 1999.

The Dissertation is devoted to investigation of important applied
problem in domestic science – development deposits raw resources sea and
in shipbuilding science to creation of theoretical basis of designing
and calculation of marine gas transportation system and its principle
new main elements (from the point of view of constructional and
exploitation features): main pipe lines, gas shore warehouses,
gas-carriers with different types of set-in tanks, sea plants of
collection and primary preparing a gas to the transportation, their
devices, and also special devices ships of servicing the sea pipe lines.
Herewith taken into account particularities of transporting gases,
influence of evaporation of gas and use its in energy installation main
elements of gas carriers. The objects of investigation are marine gas
transportation systems and their parts.

Keywords: sea development, deposits, gas, system, pipe line, warehouse,
gas carrier, sea plant, capacity, tank, transportation, optimization,
designing, reliability, safety, device.

AIIIOAOeEss

Caeoeaa A.A. Oai?aoe/aneea iniiau i?iaeoe?iaaiey nenoaiu ii?neie
o?ainii?oe?iaee aacia. – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie aeieoi?a oaoie/aneeo iaoe ii
niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.15.12 – ?ac?aaioea ii?neeo ianoi?iaeaeaiee iieaciuo
eneiiaaiuo. – Naaanoiiieueneee ainoaea?noaaiiue oaoie/aneee oieaa?neoao,
Naaanoiiieue, 1999.

Aeenna?oaoeey iinayuaia ?ac?aaioea aaaeiie i?eeeaaeiie i?iaeaiu a
ioa/anoaaiiie iaoea ?ac?aaioee ii?neeo ianoi?iaeaeaiee iieaciuo
eneiiaaiuo e a noaeino?ieoaeueiie iaoea ( nicaeaiea oai?aoe/aneeo iniia
i?iaeoe?iaaiey e ?an/aoa nenoaiu ii?neie o?ainii?oe?iaee aacia e
i?eioeeieaeueii iiauo, n oi/ee c?aiey eiino?oeoeaiuo e yenieoaoaoeeiiiuo
iniaaiiinoae, aeaaiuo aa yeaiaioia: iaaeno?aeueiuo o?oaii?iaiaeia,
aa?aaiauo o?aieeeu aaca, aaciaicia n ?acee/iuie oeiaie aeeaaeiuo oaieia,
ii?neeo caaiaeia nai?a e ia?ae/iie iiaeaioiaee aaca e o?ainii?oe?iaea,
eo ono?ienoa, a oaeaea niaoeeaeueiuo ono?ienoa noaeia ianeoaeeaaiey
ii?neeo o?oaii?iaiaeia. I?e yoii o/oaiu iniaaiiinoe o?ainii?oe?oaiuo
aacia, aeeyiea enia?aiey aaca e eniieueciaaiea aai a yia?aaoe/aneie
onoaiiaea ia iniiaiua yeaiaiou aaciaicia. Iauaeoii enneaaeiaaiey
yaeythony nenoaiu ii?neie o?ainii?oe?iaee aacia e ninoaaeythuea eo
yeaiaiou.

?anniio?aiu aii?inu eiiieaeniiai niaaeeiaiey ioaeaeueiuo yoaiia
i?iaeoe?iaaiey nenoaiu ii?neie o?ainii?oe?iaee aacia e aeaaiuo aa
yeaiaioia a aaeeioth aaoiiaoece?iaaiioth iineaaeiaaoaeueioth oeaiue
iaoiaeia e i?ia?aii, iicaieythueo iauaaeeieoue oneeey ?acee/iuo
niaoeeaeenoia a iieneao iioeiaeueiiai i?iaeoa eae nenoaiu a oeaeii, oae
e aeaaiiai aa yeaiaioa ( aaciaica, n oi/ee c?aiey yeiiiieee e
iioeiaeueiiai ?anoiaea nu?uey. ?ac?aaioaiu aeeooa?aioeeaeueiue iaoiae
ioeaiee yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe noaeia-aaciaicia a nenoaia ii?neie
o?ainii?oe?iaee aacia e iaoiae iioeiecaoeeiiiuo ?an/aoia aeaaiuo
yeaiaioia noaeia-aaciaicia a nenoaia ii?neie o?ainii?oe?iaee aeey
ainoaea?noaaiiiai e iaainoaea?noaaiiiai caeac/eea, iaoiae ii?aaeaeaiey
iioeiaeueiie nei?inoe n o/aoii niaoeeoeee yenieoaoaoeee
noaeia-aaciaicia. ?ac?aaioai ?acaeae “Noaea-aaciaicu” “I?aaee ?aaeno?a
noaeioiaenoaa Oe?aeiu”. ?ac?aaioaiu e i?eiaiaiu i?eeeaaeiua iaoiaeu
?an/aoia i?i/iinoe ?acee/iuo oaieia e noaeia-aaciaicia a oeaeii, oae e
ioaeaeueiuo eo yeaiaioia.

Oniaa?oainoaiaaiu iaoaiaoe/aneea iiaeaee, iaoiaeu i?iaeoe?iaaiey,
?an/aoa iaaeaaeiie e aaciianiie yenieoaoaoeee oaa?oiaiuo ono?ienoa e
caueou ei?ionia aaciaicia e ii?neiai caaiaea ia?ae/iie nai?ee e
iiaeaioiaee aaca e o?ainii?oe?iaea io iia?aaeaeaiee, a oaeaea
niaoeeaeueiuo ono?ienoa noaeia ianeoaeeaaiey, iaania/eaathueo
yenieoaoaoeeth e ?aiiio ii?neeo o?oaii?iaiaeia.

?ac?aaioai iaoiae aeeiaie/aneeo ?an/aoia nioneiiiaeuaiiiai eiiieaena,
iaania/eaathuaai nione ia ?acee/iua aeoaeiu anaaiciiaeiuo oaoie/aneeo
n?aaenoa, iaania/eaathueo yenieoaoaoeeth ii?neeo o?oaii?iaiaeia. Aia?aua
iino?iaiiay iaoaiaoe/aneay iiaeaeue ii?aaeaeaiey oneeee a eaiaoao
aeaoono?iiiuo iiaeaanie NIO iicaieyao ?aoaoue caaea/e aeeiaieee oaeeo
eiino?oeoeee i?e ea/ea noaeia ianeoaeeaaiey ii?neeo o?oaii?iaiaeia.

I?aeoe/aneia cia/aiea aeenna?oaoeeiiiie ?aaiou ninoieo a aeiaaaeaiee
oai?aoe/aneeo ?aoaiee aei i?aeoe/aneeo ?aeiiaiaeaoeee e aiaae?aiea eo
?acoeueoaoia a i?iaeoe?iaaiea, iiaeaioiaeo eiio?aeoia e aeieoiaioia ia
no?ieoaeuenoai aaciaicia, a o/aaiue i?ioeann e
iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneoth ?aaioo. ?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiee,
iieo/aiiua a ?aaioa, i?aaeinoaaeytho aiciiaeiinoue eiaeaia?ai,
eiino?oeoi?ai, i?iaeoe?iaueeai e nooaeaioai i?iaiaeeoue aiaeec
iai?yaeaiii-aeaoi?ie?iaaiiiai ninoiyiey oaieia aaciaicia, auyaeyoue e
eniieueciaaoue ?aca?au i?i/iinoe.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: ?ac?aaioea ii?neay, ianoi?iaeaeaiea, aac, nenoaia,
o?oaii?iaiae, o?aieeeua, aaciaic, ii?neie caaiae, aieinoue, oaie,
o?ainii?oe?iaea, iioeiecaoeey, i?iaeoe?iaaiea, iaaeaaeiinoue,
aaciianiinoue, ono?ienoai.

Iaoeiaa aeaeaiiy

Caeoeaa Aieiaeeie? Aaneeueiae/

Oai?aoe/i? iniiae i?iaeooaaiiy nenoaie ii?nueeiai o?ainii?ooaaiiy aac?a

I?aeienaii aei ae?oeo 13.09.99 ?. Oi?iao 60o90 1/16.

Aoi. Oei. ?2. Ion. ae?oe. Oi.-ae?oe. a?e. 1,8. Oe?aae 100 yec. Caeac ?
57

Oeiia?ao?y AeI “Noaeiiaoae?aiee caaiae ?i. 61-Eiioia?a”, Ieeiea?a,
Aaei??aeuenueea, 38.

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