OA?E?ANUeEEE AeA?AEAAIEE OI?AA?NEOAO
Ia i?aaao ?oeiieno
A?aoi?ae Iaaae
AIEEA IIEss?ECAOe?? ?IAeOEOTH*IAI AEI?II?ITHAAIHss IA OI?IOAAIIss
NIIIOAIIEO IA??IAeE*IEO NO?OEOO? O NA?OEI*OOEEAEO IE?AEAO
01.04.05 – Iioeea, eaca?ia o?ceea
AAOI?AOA?AO
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa o?ceei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoe
Oa?e?a-1999
Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien
?iaioa aeeiiaia o Oa?e?anueeiio aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao?,
I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? o?ceei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
Ieeinueeaaneee Aieiaeeie?
Einoyioeiiae/, caa?aeoaa/
eaoaae?e o?ce/ii? iioeee
Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo.
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? o?ceei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
Oeo?aoia TH??e A?eai?iae/, caa?aeoaa/
a?aeae?eii
aeenoaioe?eiiai ciiaeoaaiiy ieaiao
ano?iiii?/ii?
iana?aaoi??? Oa?e?anueeiai
aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo;
eaiaeeaeao o?ceei-iaoaiaoe/ieo iaoe,
, noa?oee iaoeiaee
ni?a?ia?oiee , Ion?e Aieiaeeie?
A?eoi?iae/ , aeioeaio
eaoaae?e caaaeueii? oa
aenia?eiaioaeueii? o?ceee
Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
iie?oaoi?/iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo.
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: ?inoeooo o?ceee iai?ai?ia?aeiee?a IAI Oe?a?ie;
a?aeae?e
iioeee iai?ai?ia?aeiee?a, i. Ee?a.
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “ 8 “ aeiaoiy 1999 ?. i– 16 30 aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 64.051.03 o Oa?e?anueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio oi?aa?neoao? (310077, i. Oa?e?a-77, iaeaeai Naiaiaee, 4,
aoae. ?i. E.Ae.Neiaeueieeiaa).
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeii iciaeiieoeny o Oeaio?aeuei?e iaoeia?e
a?ae?ioaoe? Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ca aae?anith:
310077, i. Oa?e?a-77, iaeaeai Naiaiaee, 4.
Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee 02 .09.1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
Iieaea A.I.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. Ia a?aei?io a?ae aieia?ao?/ieo aeeo?aeoe?eieo
??aoie, noi?iiaaieo o oioi/ooeeaeo na?aaeiaeuao aeaiia na?oeiaeie
io/eaie, o aeena?oaoe?? aea/athoueny oioi?iaeoeiaai? ia??iaee/i?
no?oeoo?e (niiioaii? ??aoee (NY)) , ui aeieeathoue o na?oei/ooeeaeo
ie?aeao i?ae ae??th iaeiiai na?oeiaiai ?, cie?aia, eaca?iiai io/ea.
Aeieeiaiiy NY iia’ycaii c iaieio/ei neaaeei ?icn?thaaiiyi na?oea o
?aaeueieo na?aaeiaeuao c ??ciiiai?oiith aaiiao???th. ?icn?thaaiiy na?oea
a oiieeo na?oei/ooeeaeo ie?aeao i?ecaiaeeoue, ca iaaieo oiia, aei
caoaeaeaiiy oaeeaaiaeieo aai aei?ii?ithaaeueieo iiae, ye?
ni?yiiaothoueny ocaeiaae iiaa?oi?. ?ioa?oa?aioe?y iaaeath/iai
iiiio?iiaoe/iiai io/ea c ?icn?yieie iiaeaie noai?th? ia??iaee/ia ca
?ioaineai?noth na?oeiaa iiea, ui ni?ey? ia?aiino iane na?oei/ooeeaiai
iaoa??aeo c iaeneioi?a o i?i?ioie ?ioa?oa?aioe?? ? oi?ioaaiith NY. *a?ac
?icn?thaaiiy na?oea ia ie?aieo aeaoaeoao NY ia?aaoey?i? ? neeaaeathoueny
c iaai?o i?e?i??aoie, ui a?ae??ciythoueny a caaaeueiiio aeiaaeeo ca
aaee/eiith ? iai?yieii ?oiueiai oaeeaaiai aaeoi?a. Oa?aeoa?iei aeey NY ?
aaoiiaoe/ia caaeiaieaiiy oiia? oaciaiai neio?ii?cio ? ?oi?e ??no ca
?aooiie iiceoeaiiai cai?ioiueiai ca’yceo. Iiceoeaiee cai?ioiee ca’ycie
aecia/a? iano?ee?noue NY ? ?oi?e cia/iee ??no ca aiie?ooaeith iaa?oue
i?e neaaeiio caoaeaeaii? iiae i?e ?icn?thaaii?. Oe? aeanoeaino?, c
iaeiiai aieo, aecia/athoue i?aeoe/ia aeei?enoaiiy NY. C ?ioiai aieo, NY
aeyaeythoue aeanoeaino? aeeneiaoeaieo no?oeoo?, aeey yeeo oa?aeoa?ia
naiii?aai?caoe?y, eiieo?aioe?y ??aoie ??ciiiai?oiiai oeio, a?oo?eaoe?ei?
yaeua, aaoieieeaaiiy oa ?i. , oiio ?oi? aea/aiiy noaiiaeoue ?ioa?an aeey
o?ceee ia??aiiaaaeieo nenoai.
Ia a?aei?io a?ae NY, noi?iiaaieo ia iiaa?oi? oaa?aeeo o?e, aai ooiiaeo
aieia?ai a ia’?iieo na?oei/ooeeaeo na?aaeiaeuao, aea/aiith NY o oiieeo
oaeeaaiaeieo ie?aeao i?enay/aii ii??aiyii iaei i?aoeue. Iniiai?
aeine?aeaeaiiy o oeueiio iai?yieo aoee aeeiiai? ia eaoaae?? o?ce/ii?
iioeee Oa?e?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo . Ia?aaaaeia a?eueoenoue
i?aoeue aoea i?enay/aia aea/aiith ca?iaeaeaiiy ? ?icaeoeo NY ia
oaeeaaiaeieo OA- ? OI- iiaeao i?e ae?? e?i?eii iiey?eciaaieo eaca?ieo
io/e?a. O yeino? aeine?aeaeoaaieo ia’?eo?a aoee aeei?enoai? oiie? ie?aee
AgCl-Ag, AgBr-Ag, Ag? oa ?i., o yeeo ?icaeoie NY a?aeaoaa?oueny o
?aaeueiiio /an? (real-time). I?ioa, o oe?e aaeoc? oioio?ceee ? iaai?
i?iaeaie. Cie?aia, iaei oaaae i?eae?ey?oueny aea/aiith NY i?e ae??
eaca?ieo io/e?a c ??ciiiai?oiith iiey?ecaoe??th. Io/ee c ??ciith
iiey?ecaoe??th ?iaeoeothoue ??ciiiai?oia ?icn?thaaiiy ? caoaeaeaiiy
iiae, ui iaieio/a iiaeiii aecia/aoe iia? iniaeeaino? a ?icaeoeo NY .
Iiiaeeiie? i?aoe?, i?enay/ai? ca?iaeaeaiith NY ia iiaa?oiaaeo
iiey?eoiiao, ye? caoaeaeothoueny oee?eoey?ii iiey?eciaaieie io/eaie ia
iiaa?oi? oaa?aeeo o?e, oeacothoue ia ??ciiiai?oi?noue NY ? caeaaei?noue
?oiuei? no?oeoo?e a?ae eooa iaae?iiy eaca?iiai io/ea oa noaio iiaa?oi?
ii?ii?ithaaieo o?e. Ana neacaia aecia/a? aeooaeuei?noue cae?eniaiiai o
oe?e aeena?oaoe?? aeine?aeaeaiiy.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. ?iaioa aeeiiaia
ia eaoaae?? o?ce/ii? iioeee OAeO a ?aieao IAe? eaoaae?e “Aeanoeaino?
niiioaiieo ?ao?oie oa oioi?iaeoeiaaiiai aeeo?i?cio a oiieeo
na?oei/ooeeaeo ie?aeao” ? Ae? 0197 U 002480, caoaa?aeaeaii?
a?aeiia?aeiith iinoaiiaith I?iina?oe Oe?a?ie.
Iaoa ? iniiai? caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoith aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe ?
c’ynoaaiiy aieeao ae?ioe/ii ? oee?eoey?ii iiey?eciaaiiai aei?ii?ithaaiiy
ia oi?ioaaiiy NY o oiieeo ie?aeao AgCl, eaaiaaieo a?aioey?iei Ag i?e
??ciiiai?oieo oiiaao ii?ii?iaiiy, a oaeiae aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeeeaino?
caieno niaeo??a eaac?iiiio?iiaoe/iiai na?oea ??cii? iiey?ecaoe?? o
aeaeei?e iaeano?.
Aeey aeinyaiaiiy oe??? iaoe iaiao?aeii aoei ?ica’ycaoe oae? caaea/?:
– ?ic?iaeoe ??ciiiai?oi? iaoiaee aaciina?aaeiueiai niinoa?aaeaiiy ca
?icaeoeii NY o i?ioean? ?o ii?ii?iaiiy eaca?iei na?oeii ? iaoiae
aeaoaeueiiai aea/aiiy aeeo?aeoe?? a?ae NY;
– aeine?aeaeeoe ?icaeoie NY i?e ae?? ae?ioe/ii iiey?eciaaiiai na?oea
(AIN) ?c ??cieie aaee/eiith oa ciaeii ae?ioe/iino?;
– aeine?aeaeeoe aieea oee?eoey?ii- ? e?i?eii iiey?eciaaiiai na?oea (OeIN
? EIN) ia aeieeiaiiy ? ?icaeoie NY i?e ??ci?e iine?aeiaiino? a ae??
io/e?a c ??ciith iiey?ecaoe??th, ye? ii?iaeueii iaaeathoue ia c?acie;
– aeine?aeaeeoe ?icaeoie NY i?e iioeeiio iaae?ii? oee?eoey?ii
iiey?eciaaiiai eaca?iiai io/ea ia na?oei/ooeeaee oa?;
– noai?eoe onoaiiaee aeey iioe/iiai caieno ? c/eooaaiiy niaeo??a
aei?ii?ithaaiiy c ??ciith iiey?ecaoe??th c aeei?enoaiiyi aoaeoo Aaeaa?oa
oa ?iaeoeiaaieo NY o ?a?no?oth/eo ie?aeao AgCl, ui i?noyoue n??aei.
Iaoeiaa iiaecia io?eiaieo ?acoeueoao?a :
– cai?iiiiiaaii iiaee iaoiae aeine?aeaeaiiy aaiethoe?? o /an? NY i?e
ae?? ii?ii?ithth/eo io/e?a c ??ciith iiey?ecaoe??th , ui a?oioothoueny
ia aoaeo? iaeieooiaiai ?icn?thaaiiy;
– aia?oa aeyaeaii, ui aceiooaeueiee ?iciiae?e ?iaeoeiaaieo AIN
niiioaiieo i?e?i??aoie ca oaeeaaei aaeoi?ii caeaaeeoue a?ae ciaeo ?
aaee/eie ae?ioe/iino? ?iaeoeoth/iai aei?ii?ithaaiiy;
– iieacaii, ui ?icaeoie NY, noi?iiaaieo iine?aeiaiei ii?ii?iaiiyi EIN ?
OeIN, ?noioii a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae aaiethoe?? NY, ?iaeoeiaaieo io/eaie
iaei??? iiey?ecaoe??. I?e iine?aeiaiiio ii?ii?iaii? oi?iothoueny
i?e?i??aoee, i???ioiaai? nai?ie aaeoi?aie i?ae eooaie ±60i, ±45i aei
aeo?aeieo i?e?i??aoie, a ?oi?e ?icaeoie caeaaeeoue a?ae ciaea OeIN;
– aia?oa aeyaeaii aieea a??io?ii??, iaaaaeaii? OeIN o ie?aeao AgCl-Ag ,
ia iiaeaeueoee ?icaeoie NY i?ae ae??th EIN;
– aia?oa aea/ai? NY, noi?iiaai? ia ?aae?aoe?eieo OA- iiaeao i?e iioeeiio
iaae?ii? OeIN. Neeaaeia ea?oeia aeeo?aeoe?? a?ae NY o oeueiio aeiaaeeo
neeaaea?oueny c o?ueio nenoai ieyi, aeoa ? e?eaoeue, aeoae o?aouei?
nenoaie iathoue oi?io, ui a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae aeoa eiea;
– aia?oa cai?iiiiiaaii iioe/iee iaoiae caieno ? c/eooaaiiy niaeo??a
i?iioneaiiy ai?cio?iiieo e?enoae?a, ui a?oioo?oueny ia aeei?enoaii?
aoaeo?a Aaeaa?oa ? NY, ?iaeoeiaaieo o oiieeo ie?aeao AgCl-Ag.
Ia caoeno aeiinyoueny oae? eiie?aoi? iaoeia? ?acoeueoaoe ? iieiaeaiiy.
1. Iiyniaiiy iniaeeainoae oi?ioaaiiy NY i?e ae?? AIN, ye? coiiaeai?
ii?iaiaei oa?aeoa?ii ?o ca?iaeaeaiiy, aeieeiaiiyi i?e aeiii?iaia?e
aeniiceoe?? ni?yiiaaieo eaioethaee?a ?c a?aioe Ag ? ?icn?thaaiiyi AIN ia
eaioethaeeao ? ?ioeo ai?ciiao?e/ieo /anoeao.
2. Iaoai?ci ?inoo NY i?ae ae??th OeIN o ie?aeao AgCl-Ag, ii?ii?iaieo
iiia?aaeiuei EIN, yeee a?oioo?oueny ia oai??? ?icn?thaaiiy na?oea iaeeie
ai?ciiao?e/ieie /anoeaie Ag ? ia aoaeo? aeaiaei??ii? aeeo?aeoe?? A?aaa
OA- iiae ia aeo?aeieo i?e?i??aoeao.
3. A??io?ii?y a ie?aeao AgCl-Ag iaaaaeaia OeIN /a?ac ?icn?thaaiiy na?oea
ia ai?ciiao?e/ieo /anoeao Ag i?ecaiaeeoue aei ?noioieo, ui caeaaeaoue
a?ae ciaeo OeIN, iniaeeainoae o /aniaiio ?icaeoeo NY i?e iiaeaeueiiio
ii?ii?iaii? EIN.
4. Iaoai?ci ?inoo NY ia ?aae?aoe?eieo OA- iiaeao i?ae ae??th iioeei
iaaeath/iai OeIN, ui a?oioo?oueny ia aeieac? ?nioaaiiy iaae??aoie,
aeieeiaiiy yeeo iia’ycaia c ia?aiaeeaaeaiiyi aioeia?aeaeueieo ca
oaeeaaei aaeoi?ii i?e?i??aoie, ii-??ciiio i???ioiaaieo uiaei ieiueie
iaae?iiy ?iaeoeoth/aai eaca?iiai io/ea.
Iaoeiaa ? i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ?acoeueoao?a, io?eiaieo o aeena?oaoe??.
Ii?ii?iaiiy na?oei/ooeeaeo ie?aie na?oeii c ??ciith iiey?ecaoeith
i?ecaiaeeoue aei ??ciiiai?oii? no?oeoo?e NY, ui iiaeiii aeaoe noeioe
aeey ?icaeoeo oai??? oi?ioaaiiy aeeneiaoeaieo no?oeoo?, ye? aeieeathoue
i?e ae?? ii-??ciiio iiey?eciaaieo eaca?ieo io/e?a. Io?eiai? ?acoeueoaoe
aa?oi a?aoiaoaaoe a iiey?ecaoe?eiee aieia?ao??, cie?aia, i?e oi?ioaaii?
aieia?ao?/ieo ??aoie OeIN, o i?ioeanao caieno aeaio cia?aaeaiue
i?oiaiiaeueii iiey?eciaaieie io/eaie o oioiai?cio?iiieo na?aaeiaeuao ?
o.ae. . ?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioo iiaeooue aooe aeei?enoai? a
?ioaa?aeuei?e iioeoe? aeey aecia/aiiy ia?aiao??a oaeeaaiaeieo oa??a oa a
iioeoe? aieia?ao?/ieo aeeo?aeoe?eieo aeaiaio?a. Iiaeai? a aeena?oaoe??
iia? iioe/i? iaoiaee caieno ? a?aeoai?aiiy eieuei?iaeo niaeo?ia?ai a?ae
ai?cio?iiieo e?enoae?a a?aee?eaathoue iia? iiaeeeaino? aeei?enoaiiy
oioi/ooeeaeo iaoa??ae?a, o yeeo iathoue i?noea aoaeo Aaeaa?oa ?
oi?ioaaiiy NY.
Iniaenoee aianie caeiaoaa/a iieyaa? a aaciina?aaeiueiio iaea?aeaii?
an?o aeaieo aenia?eiaioo, ui neeaaeathoue i?aaeiao aeena?oaoe??, o
eiii’thoa?i?e ia?iaoe? oeeo aeaieo. Aeena?oaio a?aa aeoeaio o/anoue a
iaaiai?aii? ?acoeueoao?a aenia?eiaioo ia i?aenoaa? ?nioth/eo oai??e, o
?ic?iaoe? iiaeo iaoiae?a niinoa?aaeaiiy ? ?a?no?aoe?? NY, o
i?aeaiooaaii? e ioi?ieaii? iaoa??ae?a aei ioae?eaoe??.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a ?iaioe. Iaoa??aee aeena?oaoe?? ii?eethaeiai?,
aeiiia?aeaeenue ? iaaiai?thaaeeny ia:
3-e I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? “O?ce/i? yaeua o oaa?aeeo o?eao” .-
Oa?e?a: OAeO .-1997 ; VI I?aeia?iaei?e eiioa?aioe?? “O?ceea ? oaoiieia?y
oiieeo ie?aie”._ ?aaii-O?aie?anuee: IO.- 1997 ; Seminars of Optics
Summer School .- Zanjan, Iran: IASBS .-1997; International Conf. of
Photosensitive Optical materials and Devices II, part of SPIE’s
Symposium . – San Jose, USA : SJU . – 1998.
Ioae?eaoe?y. Ca oaiith aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 5 iaoeiaeo noaoae ? 2
oace aeiiia?aeae ia eiioa?aioe?yo.
No?oeoo?a e ianya aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny ?c anooio, 6
?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae c 130 iaeiaioaaiue .
?iaioa i?noeoue 181 noi??iie oa 62 ?enoie?a.
INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE
O anooi? i?iaiaeeoueny iaa?oiooaaiiy aeooaeueiino? ?ic?iaethaaii? oaie
aeena?oaoe??, cacia/aii ?? ca’ycie c iaoeiaith i?ia?aiith eaoaae?e,
noi?ioeueiaai? iaoa ? iniiai? caaaeaiiy, iaoeiaa iiaecia io?eiaieo
?acoeueoao?a, iniiai? iieiaeaiiy ? eiie?aoi? iaoeia? ?acoeueoaoe, ui
aeiinyoueny ia caoeno, iaoeiaa ? i?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy ?acoeueoao?a
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe.
O ia?oiio ?acae?e? aeena?oaoe??, “E?oa?aoo?iee iaeyae” iaaaaeaii
?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy niiioaieo ??aoie ? ooiiaeo aieia?ai,
?iaeoeiaaieo eaca?iei aei?ii?ithaaiiyi o ??ciiiai?oieo na?aaeiaeuao.
Iiaeaii noenea iaaiai?aiiy oa?aeoa?enoee iiaa?oiaaeo ia??iaee/ieo
no?oeoo?, noi?iiaaieo iaeiei iiooaeiei eaca?iei io/eii ia iiaa?oi?
iaoae?a ? iai?ai?ia?aeiee?a, ia’?iieo ooiiaeo aieia?ai, ?iaeoeiaaieo o
oioi?ao?aeoeaieo e?enoaeao oa ?ioeo oioi/ooeeaeo na?aaeiaeuao. A?eueo
aeaoaeueii ?icaeyioo? oaaae i?eae?ey?oueny oioi?iaeoeiaai? ia??iaee/i?
no?oeoo?e (OIN) o oiieeo oaeeaaiaeieo oioi/ooeeaeo ie?aeao, ine?eueee
naia oe? no?oeoo?e neeaaeathoue i?aaeiao aea/aiiy o aeaie aeena?oaoe??.
O iaeyae? iieacaii, ui NY, noi?iiaai? a oiieeo oaeeaaiaeieo ie?aeao ia
?icn?yieo OA- ? OI-iiaeao iathoue aeanoeaino? noiae?, c iaeiie aieo, c
ia??iaee/ieie no?oeoo?aie, ui ooai?ththoueny ia iiaa?oi? oaa?aeeo o?e,
a c ?ioiai –o ieo aeyaeythoueny aeanoeaino? ia’?iieo ooiiaeo aieia?ai.
Ia a?aei?io a?ae no?oeoo? ia?oeo aeaio oei?a NY o oaeeaaiaeieo ie?aeao
aea/ai? iaaeinoaoiuei.
O ae?oaiio ?icae?e? “Iaoiaee io?eiaiiy oa aeine?aeaeaiiy OIN o oiieeo
na?oei/ooeeaeo ie?aeao ” iaaiai?ththoueny iioe/i? ? oioino?oeoo?i?
aeanoeaino? oa iaoiaeeea i?eaiooaaiiy ie?aie AgCl-Ag , ye?
aeei?enoiaothoueny aeey aenia?eiaioo. Iiaeaii iien onoaiiaie,
i?ecia/aieo aeey oi?ioaaiiy NY, aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeo?aeoe?eieo
ea?oei ? aecia/aiiy aceiooaeueiiai ?iciiae?eo a?aeiinii? aeeo?aeoe?eii?
aoaeoeaiino?. Iaaiai?ththoueny iaoiaee aea/aiiy aaiethoe?? NY o
i?ioean? ?o caieno eaca?iei io/eii, ui aeei?enoiaothoue iaeieooiaa
?icn?thaaiiy na?oea aai c?acee c i?ii?aeiei (aooa?iei) i?ioa?eii ?c
iaioei, i?ae o i?aeeeaaeee, iieacieeii caeiieaiiy.
O o?aoueiio ?icae?e? ” Iniaeeaino? oi?ioaaiiy niiioaiieo ??aoie i?e ae??
ae?ioe/ii ? oee?eoey?ii iiey?eciaaieo io/e?a” iiaeaii ?acoeueoaoe
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeo?aeoe?eieo ea?oei ? iaeieooiaiai ?icn?thaaiiy (I?)
a?ae NY, noi?iiaaieo o oiieeo ie?aeao AgCl-Ag i?ae ae??th AIN, OeIN ?
i?e iine?aeiaiiio ii?ii?iaii? EIN ? OeIN i?e ii?iaeueiiio iaae?ii?
io/ea. Aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao ae?ioe/iino? eaca?iiai io/ea (He-Ne
eaca?, ? = 10 iAo, l0 = 633 ii) ia oi?ioaaiiy NY aeei?enoiaoaaeany
oiiea, oiaueiith iaioa oiaueie a?aen?/ee oaeeaaiaeii? OA0-iiaee, ie?aea
AgCl-Ag. Ae?ioe/i?noue e = tgy caaeaaaeany eaa?oeiaith l0 / 4 ieao?aeith
oeyoii ?? iiai?ioo ia eoo y a?aeiinii aaeoi?a iiey?ecaoe?? A0 eaca?iiai
io/ea ? ci?ithaaeany a iaaeao 0 – 0,45. Oi?ioaaiiy NY o i?ioean? ?o
?inoo i?inoaaeoaaeiny ca ea?oeiaie I? ? ia e?ioeaa?e noaae?? ii?ii?iaiiy
aea/aeiny ca aeeo?aeoe??th i?iaiiai io/ea (N2 eaca?, l = 337 ii). I?e
ae?? EIN ea?oeia I? neiao?e/ia a?aeiinii A0 ? neeaaea?oueny c aeaio aeoa
iaeiaeiai? ?ioaineaiino?, ui na?ae/eoue i?i ??no NY ia a?aie/i?e
OA-iiae?. Ii?ii?iaiiy ie?aie AIN i?ecaiaeeoue aei ea?oeie I?,
aneiao?e/ii? uiaei aaeeei? in? ae?ina. Aneiao??y ea?oei I? ? aeeo?aeoe??
caeaaeeoue a?ae ciaeo AIN ? niieo/ai? ea?oeie, io?eiai? i?aai- oa
e?ai-iiey?eciaaiei AIN, ? aeca?eaeueii neiao?e/ieie a?aeiinii aaeeei?
in? ae?ina.
?acoeueoaoe aenia?eiaioo iiyniai? ia i?aenoaa? oai??? ?icn?thaaiiy
na?oea iaeeie /anoeaie Ag c o?aooaaiiyi ii?iaiaiai oa?aeoa?o
ca?iaeaeaiiy NY. I?e aeiii?iaiaeo aeniiceoe?yo EIN ? AIN ?c iaeith a
?iaeoeo? o ie?aoe? aeeo?i?ci, aeeeeeaiee ooai?aiiyi eaioethaee?a ?c
aeecueei ?acoaoiaaieo a?aioe Ag ? aeoyaiooeo ia?iaiaeeeoey?ii a?aeiinii
A0 /e aaeeei? in? ae?ina, noa?i?ae?a ? ?i. ai?ciiao?e/ieo /anoie Ag.
?icn?thaaiiy na?oea ia /anoeao i?ecaiaeeoue aei ia?aaaaeiiai caoaeaeaiiy
o ie?aoe? OA-iiae ? i?e aeniiceoe?yo, a?eueoeo a?ae ii?iaiai?, aei
ca?iaeaeaiiy ? ?inoo ia ieo NY. ?ic?aooiie ca aeiiiiiaith eiiiiiaio
aiie?ooaeii? iao?eoe? , ui a?aoiao? ?icn?thaaiiy a OA-iiaeo, ? eiiiiiaio
iao?eoe? ?icn?thaaiiy 4o4 c o?aooaaiiyi ia?aiao??a Noiena
aei?ii?ithaaiiy, ui ii?iaeueii iaaea? ia c?acie, i?ecaiaeeoue aei oaeiai
aceiooaeueiiai ?iciiae?eo ?ioaineaiino? ?icn?yiiai a OA-iiaeo
aei?ii?ithaaiiy:
wmetafile8? ??[??????????????????_4???
????_4??????? ???????????yyy????.????1??????
?/??????????&??yyyy?????Ayyy§yyy@/??G?????&?
?MathType???????u tha?????aea ax,y = a1x,y+ ia2x,y – eiiieaenia
iiey?eciaai?noue ai?ciiao?e/ieo /anoie Ag , ui iiaeeiathoue , D =
a2xa1y – a1xa2y; ai?ciiao?e/i? /anoee ai?ieneiiaai? aeoyaiooeie ocaeiaae
in? o iaeeie noa?i?aeaie Ag (|ax| > |ay|); kS ? kSt – oaeeaaee aaeoi?
?icn?yii? oaee? ? eiai eiiiiiaioa o ieiuei? (o,o) ie?aee, j = ?( kSt ,
x). C (1) aeieeaa? aceiooaeueia iieiaeaiiy iaeneioio IS, TE :
wmetafile8? ??T??????????????????????
???????????? ???????????yyy????.????1???????
??????????&??yyyy?????Ayyy?yyya????????&??MathType??P
???u?????????”????-??????§????oiaoi i?e ae?? AIN iaeneioi
?icn?yiiai na?oea ?icoaoiaaiee i?e aceioo? jm ? p / 2 , aaee/eia
? ciae dj = jm – p / 2 caeaaeeoue a?ae ciaeo AIN ?, i?e caaeaiiio
cia/aii? ax ? ay , |dj | ca?eueoo?oueny c ?inoii e = tgy. Aaee/eia dj
caeaaeeoue oaeiae a?ae ai?ciiao??? /anoie , ui iiaeeiathoue, oiio ui
i?e D = 0, dj = 0. C ?inoii a eaca?iiai io/ea aeeo?i?ci i?e aeiii?iaiaeo
aeniiceoe?yo ciaioo?oueny, ax ® ay ? i?e ae?? OeIN aeeo?aeoe?y a?ae NY
ia? aeae ??aiii??ii ina?oeaiiai e?eueoey, ae?aiao? yeiai aecia/a?oueny
ia??iaeii NY, ??aiei l0 / n , aea n -iieaciee caeiieaiiy i?aeeeaaeee.
Aeae aeeo?aeoe?? a oeueiio aeiaaeeo aeaco? ia ooai?aiiy i?iiecoth/eo
iaeia iaeio i?e?i??aoie ?c ?cio?iiii i???ioiaaiei aaeoi?ii K o ieiuei?
ie?aee.
?ioee ?icaeoie NY niinoa??aa?oueny, yeui c?acie iiia?aaeiuei ii?ii?iaiee
EIN, a iio?i OeIN. Ii?ii?iaiiy EIN ni?ey? ?inoo i?e?i??aoie ?c
ia?aaaaeiith i???ioaoe??th ?o aaeoi?a K0^E0. I?e ianooii?e ae?? OeIN
?inoooue aoi?eii? i?e?i??aoee c K1, i???ioiaaieie i?ae eooaie g = ±p /
3 , mp / 4 , g =? (K1 , K0) = j – p / 2 (aa?oi?e ciae a?aeiia?aea?
i?aaiio, ieaei?e – e?aiio iaa?oaiith a OeIN). Iiaeaeueoa ii?ii?iaiiy
i?ecaiaeeoue aei ooai?aiiy o?aoeiieo i?e?i??aoie ?c ? (K2 , K0) = ±2p /
3, mp / 2.
Neeaaeia aaiethoe?y NY o oeueiio aeiaaeeo ciaoiaeeoue oaea iiyniaiiy.
Oo?eoe i?e?i??aoie, noi?iiaaieo EIN, neeaaeathoueny c ai?ciiao?e/ieo
a?aioe , aeoyaiooeo ocaeiaae A0. Iaaeath/a OeIN e??i aeeo?aeoe?? ia
a?aooe? ?icn?th?oueny ia /anoeao Ag ?, a?aeiia?aeii aei o. (1) ? (2) ,
?ioaineai?noue ?icn?yiiai na?oea i?ae aceiooaie +j ? – j ??cia.
?icn?yi? OA-iiaee, aca?iiae?th/e c aeo?aeiith a?aoeith, i?ecaiaeyoue aei
iiyae oe?ieiai eooiaiai niaeo?a aei?ii?ithaaeueieo iiae ?c oaeeaaei
aaeoi?ii kt = b + K0. Aaee/eia kt caeaaeeoue a?ae g , ? i?e g = ±p / 3
aei?ii?ithaaeueia iiaea ia?aoai?th?oueny o oaeeaaiaeio (a?aie/io) iiaeo
c aaeoi?ii b’ = b + K0, |b’ | = b, oae ye | K0| = b . Iiaea b’ , ui
aeieea? ye ?acoeueoao aeaiaei??ii? aeeo?aeoe?? A?aaa, ? iaea?eueo
aeia?ioiith a ii??aiyii? c aei?ii?ithaaeueieie iiaeaie ? ia i?e
ca?iaeaeothoueny iia? i?e?i??aoee c i???ioaoe??th, yea caeaaeeoue a?ae
ciaeo OeIN.
Cai?iiiiiaaia noaia ia iiynith? oi?ioaaiiy aoi?eiieo NY, i???ioiaaieo
i?ae eooaie ±p / 4 aei aeo?aeii? a?aoee. I?ioa, ine?eueee ia??iae
??aoie iaioa l0 , ie?aeo AgCl-Ag ?c iaaaaeaiith a i?e EIN a?aoeith
iiaeia ?acaeyaeaoe ye iaeii??aeiee iaeiia?niee e?enoae ?c iaaiei
e?i?eiei aeeo?i?ciii, aeaicaeiieaiiyi ? iioe/iith a?nnth, ia?aeaeueiith
A0. ?ic?aooiie ca aeiiiiiaith iao?eoeue Aeaeiina iieaco?, ui AIN, yea
i?ioiaeeoue /a?ac e?enoae, cacia? iiai?ioo aaeeei? in? ae?ina ia eoo,
ui caeaaeeoue a?ae aaee/eie aeeo?i?cio, aaee/eie ? ciaea ae?ioe/iino? ?
??cieoe? oac aeaio i?oiaiiaeueieo oaeeue. sseui e?enoae i?ici?ee
(aeeo?i?ci a?aenooi?e) ? na?oei oee?eoey?ii iiey?eciaaia, oi a
caeaaeiino? a?ae ciaea OeIN eoo g = ±p / 4 iaa?oue i?e aeoaea iaeiio
aeaicaeiieaii?. Aa?oi neacaoe, ui i?e?i??aoee, i???ioiaai? i?ae oeeie
eooaie, c’yaeythoueny i?ci?oa i?ae i?e?i??aoee ?c g = ±p / 3 .
O /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? ” Aieea oioi?iaeoeiaaii? a??io?ii?? ia oi?ioaaiiy
OIN (oioi?iaeoeiaai? ia??iaee/i? no?oeoo?e) o oiieeo na?oei/ooeeaeo
ie?aeao AgCl-Ag ” aeine?aeaeo?oueny aaiethoe?y o /an? NY, noai?aieo o
ie?aeao AgCl-Ag i?e iine?aeiai?e ae?? OeIN ? EIN.
Ine?eueee i?e ii?iaeueiiio iaae?ii? OeIN oi?io? o ie?aeao i?e?i??aoee c
?cio?iiiith i???ioaoe??th aaeoi?a K, oi c?acee, iiia?aaeiuei ii?ii?iai?
OeIN , c?o/ii aeei?enoiaoaaoe ye aeo?aei? i?e aeine?aeaeaii? /aniai?
caeaaeiino? aceiooaeueiiai ?iciiae?eo aeeoa?aioe?aeueii? aeeo?aeoe?eii?
aoaeoeaiino? h (t, c) ??aoie, oi?iiaaieo EIN. Aei??thaaiiy h (t, c), ye?
i?iaaaeai? ia onoaiiaoe?, ui iienaia o ?icae?e? 2, iieacothoue, ui
aeo?aeia, ??aiii??ii ina?oeaia e?eueoea aeeo?aeoe?? i?ney ii?ii?iaiiy
EIN ?icuaieth?oueny ia aea? oe?ie? aeoae, aneiao?e/ii ?icoaoiaai?
a?aeiinii A0 ? ?o aneiao??y caeaaeeoue a?ae ciaeo OeIN. ?c c?inoaiiyi
/ano aeniiceoe?? eooiaa oe?eia aeoa ciaioo?oueny, ea?oeia aeeo?aeoe??
noa? a?eueo neiao?e/iith ? ia e?ioeaaeo noaae?yo ii?ii?iaiiy
aceiooaeueiee ?iciiae?e i?e?i??aoie ca K ia a?ae??ciy?oueny a?ae
?iciiae?eo, ui aeinyaa?oueny i?e ii?ii?iaii? ie?aie o?eueee EIN.
Ianooii? i?eiouaiiy aeei?enoai? aeey ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? ?acoeueoao?a
aei??thaaiue h (t, c) : 1- Ine?eueee NY aaoiiaoe/ii caaeiaieueiythoue
oiia? oaciaiai neio?ii?cio, o ?o ?acaeoeo ?ieue a?ae?a?a? iiceoeaiee
cai?ioiee ca’ycie; 2- ?ie?aiaio ?inoo i?e?i??aoie caeaaeeoue a?ae eooa
c = p / 2 -?(E0, Ki), aea Ki -aaeoi? aeo?aeii?, noai?aii? OeIN
i-i?e?i??aoee; 3- ??no i?e?i??aoie i?e iaeeo c noi?iaiaeaeo?oueny
?oiueith aeac?ioaa?iaai?noth i?e aaeeeeo c ; 4- Ia e?ioeaa?e noaae??
ii?ii?iaiiy aeinyaa?oueny iane/aiiy a ?ino? NY.
?ica’ycie aeeoa?aioe?aeueiiai ??aiyiiy, ui iieno? oaeaee?noue ci?ie h
(t, c) i?e aeneiaeaieo i?eiouaiiyo ? i?e ii/aoeia?e oiia? h (0,c) =
Const. , aeia?a ocaiaeaeo?oueny c aenia?eiaioii i?e /anao aeniiceoe?? t
>3 oa. ye ca eooiaith caeaaei?noth h (t, c), oae ? ca ci?iith eooiai?
oe?eie aeeo?aeoe?eieo ?aoeaen?a o /an?. I?ioa, i?e t 0 (c*
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