Oi?ie?iaaiea e ?aaeecaoeey iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee a ?O: Nenoaia i?aaiia
ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey.
Niaea?aeaiea.
Aaaaeaiea.
Iieiaeaaeiay iieeoeea. Nouiinoue e iniiaiua iai?aaeaiea.
Aeayoaeueiinoue Aineiieoaoa ii aeaeai aeaoae e iieiaeaaee. I?ei?eoaoiua
iai?aaeaiey a ?aaeecaoeee II.
Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao AeAeI a nenoaia i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe
e oi?aaeaiey ?O.
Caeeth/aiea.
Aaaaeaiea.
Aeooaeueiinoue.
Nia?aiaiiay neooaoeey a ?innee, oa?aeoa?ecothuayny yeiiiie/aneei
e?ecenii, nieaeaieai o?iaiy aeecie, ?anoouae aaaeiinoueth ianaeaiey
o?aaoao ouaoaeueiiai aiaeeca anao noi?ii aeecie ethaeae, a oii /enea
iieiaeaaee. I/aaeaeii, /oi oniaoiia ?aoi?ie?iaaiea ainoaea?noaa
aiciiaeii oieueei i?e aeoeaiii o/anoea iieiaeaaee. Yoi o?aaoao iiauo
iiaeoiaeia e ?ac?aaioea e inouanoaeaieth iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee. A nayce
n yoei aicieeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue ia?eiaee/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey
iieiaeaaee, nai?a aeinoiaa?iie eioi?iaoeee ia aa aeecie, iio?aaiinoyo e
eioa?anao. Oieueei ia iniiaa iauaeoeaiuo aeaiiuo i iieiaeaiea
iieiaeaaee iiaeao auoue inouanoaeaia iieiaeaaeiay iieeoeea.
Iieiaeia iieieaiea a aic?anoa aei 29 eao ninoaaeyao a ?anioaeeea
Oaoa?noai 42%, a oii /enea iieiaeaaeue noa?oa 16 eao- 22%. ( ) E
eiaiii yoa eaoaai?ey ianaeaiey a neiaeeaoeeny nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie
ianoaiiaea yaeyaony iaeaieaa iacaueuaiiie e iiaeaeaa?aeaiiie ?aee/iui
?aaeeeaeueiui e yeno?eienoeei eaeayi. Iiyoiio anoue niune aiai?eoue i
iaiaoiaeeiinoe aicaeaenoaey ia iieiaeia iieieaiea n oeaeueth
oi?ie?iaaiey oece/anee e ii?aeueii ?acaeoiai eiaeeaeaea. Aeaiiia
aicaeaenoaea iiaei au inouanoaeyoueny n iiiiuueth nicaeaiey
ii?aaeaeaiiuo a?aieoe a ?aieao eioi?uo e i?ienoiaeeei au noaiiaeaiea
iieiaeiai /aeiaaea. Iiae yoeie a?aieoeaie iiieiaaony, n iaeiie noi?iiu
iaiaoiaeeiinoue ia?aaeaeaiey iieiaeaaee io aeeyiey oee/iie n?aaeu
(ia?eioeeiiaiee, i?inoeoooeee e ae?oaeo nioeeaeueiuo aeaaeaoeee), n
ae?oaie- nicaeaiea ia?aiia/aeueii ?aaiuo oneiaee aeey anaai iieiaeiai
iieieaiey n oeaeueth iieo/aiey eie iaiaoiiuo ciaiee e ae?oaeo ?ano?nia
ainoaea?noaa aeey iieiioeaiiiai ?acaeoey e aiciiaeiinoe ?ane?uoey naieo
iioaioeeaeueiuo aiciiaeiinoae.
Ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue a ?anioaeeea nouanoaoao aieueoia eiee/anoai
ieienoa?noa e aaaeiinoa, eioi?ua a oie eee eiie noaiaie i?eieiatho
?aoaiey i noaeueaa iieiaeiai iieieaiey. Iaeiaei, ia ana iie
inouanoaeytho naith aeayoaeueiinoue a niioaaonoaee n aaeeiie no?aoaaeae.
Ionoonoaea iauae eii?aeeiaoeee e aaeeiiai oeaio?a iicaieyao iai
?anniio?aoue ?aaeecaoeeth iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee a ?anioaeeea /a?ac
aiaeec aeayoaeueiinoe anao ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia, eioi?ua oae eee
eia/a o/anoaotho a noaeueaa iieiaeiai iieieaiey .
?ac?aaioaiiinoue.
?aaiou iiiaeo o/aiuo iinayuaiu i?iaeaiai iieiaeaaee. Oae E. Iaioaei –
eco/ae ?ieue e caaea/e iieiaeaaee a iauanoaa, N.I. Aecaiooaae (“Io
iieieaiey e iieieaieth”), O. Ia?niin (“Aunoaa ia?aciaaiea e
eciaiythuayny nioeeaeecaoeey”) enneaaeiaaee i?ioeann nioeeaeecaoeee, E.
N. Eii A. A. ssaeia, E. A. Aanooaeaa, iie?aynue ia eiie?aoiua
nioeeieiae/aneea enneaaeiaaiey, ?ane?uaatho i?iaeaio auai?a i?ioannee e
ioiioaiea iieiaeaaee e o?oaeo, Oaeueaeiai ?.(Iieiaeaaeue e nioeeaeueiua
neoaeau. Yioeeeeiiaaeey nioeeaeueiie ?aaiou.), Eenianeee A.(Nioeeaeueiay
caueoa iieiaeaaee: aii?inu oai?ee e i?aeoeee), Oa?ia? (?aoeeiiaeueiue
auai?: oai?ey e i?aeoeea) oaeaeytho ia?ainoaiaiiia cia/aiea
oai?aoe/aneei aniaeoai iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee, Oa?oeoei I. (Iieeoe/aneay
yeeoa a Oaoa?noaia: auciau a?aiaie e o?oaeiinoe aaeaioaoeee) – o/anoeth
iieiaeaaee a iieeoeea.
Iaeiaei a ianoiyuaa a?aiy a iaoae no?aia iaiaoiaeei iiaue iiaeoiae e
iieiaeaaeiui i?iaeaiai. Oi?ie?othuayny iieiaeaaeiay iieeoeea aeieaeia
iie?aoueny ia oai?aoe/aneea ?ac?aaioee a aeaiiie iaeanoe. Iaiaoiaeeii
ananoi?iiiaa eco/aiea iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee e i?iaaaeaiea nia?aiaiiuo
nioeeieiae/aneeo enneaaeiaaiee a iieiaeaaeiie n?aaea, naycaiiuo n
caiyoinoueth, caei?iaueai, ia?aciaaieai, ioaeuoii iieiaeaaee e o.ae.
Ia?aue oaa a yoie iaeanoe ia iniiaa Aineiieoaoa AeAeI a iaoae
?anioaeeea naeaeai A. Ii?iciaie, E. Aieiae/ai, A. Aoieneiie e
niaoeeaeenoaie Aineiieoaoa AeAeI. Oae iiyaeeenue ia?aua aeaiiua i
iieiaeaiea iieiaeaaee a ?O- ?acoeueoao aeayoaeueiinoe anao ieienoa?noa e
aaaeiinoa, ?aaeecothueo iieiaeaaeioth iieeoeeo (20; 4). E ia
naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue ia?ainoaiaiiie caaea/ae yaeyaony eii?aeeiaoeey yoeo
aino/?aaeaeaiee n oeaeueth inouanoaeaiey aaeeiie iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee a
?anioaeeea.
Oeaee e caaea/e.
Oeaeueth aeaiiie ?aaiou yaeyaony aiaeec aeayoaeueiinoe nenoaiu
ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia, ?aaeecothueo iieiaeaaeioth iieeoeeo a ?O.
Aeey /aai ii?aaeaeaiu neaaeothuea caaea/e:
.
ii?aaeaeeoue e ?ane?uoue cia/aiea neaaeothueo eeth/aauo oa?ieiia:
“iieiaeaaeue” e “iieiaeaaeiay iieeoeea”.
eco/eoue iioiaeu e ii?aaeaeaieth II, ?ane?uoue eo cia/aiea ?anniio?aoue
aeayoaeueiinoue Aineiieoaoa AeAeI e auaeaeeoue i?ei?eoaoiua iai?aaeaiey
a ?aaeecaoeee iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee.
inouanoaeoue aiaeec aeayoaeueiinoe anao i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie
aeanoe, i?eieiathueo o/anoea a inouanoaeaiea iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee a
?anioaeeea.
Enoiaey ec oeaee e caaea/ auea ?ac?aaioaia no?oeoo?a ?aaiou.
A ia?aie aeaaa iniiaiia aieiaiea oaeaeaii oai?aoe/aneei aniaeoai
?anniao?eaaaiiai aii?ina. ?ane?uaaaony niune iniiaiuo iiiyoee
“iieiaeaaeue”, “iieiaeaaeiay iieeoeea”. Oaeaea ii?aaeaeyaony
eiioeaioeey, a ?aieao eioi?ie aiciiaeii inouanoaeaiea iieiaeaaeiie
iieeoeee a iaoae ?anioaeeea.
Aoi?ay aeaaa iinayuaia ?aaeecaoeee iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee a ?O.
Aiaeece?oaony ?aaioa Aineiieoaoa AeAeI ?O, ?anniao?eaathony iniiaiua
iai?aaeaiey aeayoaeueiinoe e aeaaony eo ioeaiea.
O?aouey aeaaa aeeth/aao a naay iaoa?eae ii ?aaeecaoeee iieiaeaaeiie
iieeoeee ainoaea?noaaiiuie i?aaiaie ?O e aeaeaaony auaiae i noaiaie
eo acaeiiaeaenoaey e nio?oaeie/anoaa.
1. Iieiaeaaeiay iieeoeea. Nouiinoue e iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey.
Aeey ia/aea iaiaoiaeeii ii?aaeaeeoue cia/aiea e niune iniiaiuo
oa?ieiia, eniieuecothueony a aeaiiie ?aaioa.
A nioeeieiaee iieiaeaaee nouanoaoao o?e enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo iiaeoiaea
e ?anniio?aieth iieiaeaaee. Ana iie ii naiaio o?aeootho yoi
iiiyoea, iiyoaiii ?anniio?ei eaaeaeia ec ieo (12; 45):
Iao/iua iiaeoiae. Ii i?enou o/aiui, eco/athuei iieiaeaaeue a aa
noaiiaeaiee e ?acaeoee n o/aoii oao eiie?aoiuo enoi?e/aneeo nioeeaeueiuo
oneiaee, a eioi?uo i?ioiaeeo aa aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoue.
E?eoe/anee- inoaeaeathuee, eee iaaaoeaenoneee iiaeoiae. Ii oa?aeoa?ai
aeey oao nioeeieiaia, eioi?ua iacuaatho iieiaeaaeue “iioa?aiiui”,
“?annoa?aiiui”, “?aaiiaeooiui”, “iiicaeaaoei”, “ac?uaathueieny” e o.i.
iieieaieai.
Ainoi?aeaiii- iioeienoe/aneee, Ii i?iyaeyaony a eaeaaeecaoeee e
caoaaeeaaiee iieiaeaaee.
Enoiaey ec yoeo ii?aaeaeaiee iiaeii auaeaeeoue ianeieueei
iaoiaeieiae/aneeo iai?aaeaiee. Ia?aia- no?oeoo?iue ooieoeeiiaeeci, a
?aieao yoie ia?aaeeaiu noi?ie?iaaeanue ia?niiianeay iiaeaeue
nioeeaeecaoeee. Iniiaiie oacen yoiai iai?aaeaiey a oii, /oi a nayce n
oneiaeiaieai no?oeoo?u nia?aiaiiuo iauanoa, i?ioeann ia?aoiaea io
aeaonoaa e ac?ineinoe noaiiaeony aua aeieueoa. Iiyoiio oaaee/eaaaony
oaeay nioeeaeueiay a?oiia, eae iieiaeaaeue, e aa ninoiyiea iacuaaaiia
“iieiaeinoue”. Iniiaiay caaea/a iieiaeaaee a yoio ia?eiae- ia?aoiae io
“iaueiiuo” oeaiiinoae, i?eaeaaaiuo n aeaonoaa a naiuea, e oeaiiinoyi
anaai iauanoaa.
Aoi?ia iai?aaeaiea ?anniao?eaaao iieiaeaaeue eae oeaeinoioth a?oiio,
iauaaeeiaiioth “a?aiaiiuie” ?aieaie aeeciaiiiai iiuoa e noiyuoth a
iiiiceoeee e i?aaeoanoaothuaio iieieaieth. Yoi iai?aaeaiea niaiauaao a
naaa eae eiioeeeoioth ia?aaeeaio (eiioeeeo “aeaoae” e “iooeia”
iai?aoiaeyu, iaecaaaeai e yaeyaony ao?eaooii nia?aiaiiuo aeeiaie/aneeo
iauanoa), oae e oaiiiaiieiae/aneoth i?eaioaoeeth (aeeciaiiue iiuo
eaaeaeiai iieieaiey, caoeene?iaaiiue a iniauo oeaiiinoyo e ii?iao,
oieeaeai, e iiyoiio ia naiaeei e oeaiiinoyi anaai iauanoaa). Iaeaieaa
y?eei i?aaenoaaeoaeai aeaiiiai iai?aaeaiey yaeyaony E. Iaioaei.
Ia?aia iai?aaeaiea aieueoa ?acaeaaeinue a ?aieao aia?eeaineie
nioeeieiaee, aoi?ia- a ?aieao aa?iiaeneie.
?anniio?ei no?oeoo?ii-ooieoeeiiaeueiia iai?aaeaiea. Aiiaaai ?acaeoey
yoiai iai?aaeaiey a nioeeieiaee iieiaeaaee noaee 50-60-a aiaea.
Aaaeiaeoeie ?aaioaie yoiai ia?eiaea noaee : eieaa Aecaiooaaea “Io
iieieaiey e iieieaieth” (1956), noaouey Ia?niina a niaaoi?noaa n Ieaooii
“Aunoaa ia?aciaaiea e eciaiythuayny nioeeaeecaoeey” (1972) e
“Aia?eeaineee oieaa?neoao” (1973).
?anniao?eaay nia?aiaiiia ninoiyiea iieiaeaaee Aecaiooaae ioia/aao, /oi
ai anao iauanoaao aeaoe aeey oiai, /oiau aeinoe/ue noaoona ac?ineiai
aeieaeiu i?ieoe noaaeeth nioeeaeecaoeee. Iie aeieaeiu onaieoue
ainiiaenoaothuoth nenoaio oeaiiinoae, i?aaeea iiaaaeaiey, i?eia?anoe
iaauee, iaiaoiaeeiua aeey auiieiaiey ?ieae ac?ineuo. A i?eieoeaiuo
iauanoaao ia?aoiae ia yaeyaony neiaeiui- ciaiey e iaauee “ac?ineinoe”
i?eia?aoathony anoanoaaiiui ia?acii a ea/anoaa iaeiiai ec iiiaioa
ac?ineaiey. A oaeeo iauanoaao nai ia?aoiae ai ac?ineia ninoiyiea iineo
?eooaeueiue oa?aeoa? e iieiaeaaeue eae nioeeaeueiay a?oiia ia
nouanoaoao.
Iniaoth ooieoeeth, ii Aecaiooaaeo, ianao iieiaeaaeiay eoeueoo?a. Iia
iiieiaaony eae “oaiiiai, naycaiiue n i?ioeannaie, iin?aaenoaii eioi?uo
nia?aiaiiia eiaeono?eaeueiia iauanoai “ecuiaao” aeaoae ec naiae e
iiaeaioaaeeaaao eo aeey oniaoiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey a aieaa oe?ieie
nioeeaeueiie nenoaia”.
Eae aeaeii ec aeaiiiai aiaeeca, eiioeaioeey iieiaeaaee a ?aieao
no?oeoo?ii-ooieoeeiiaeueiiai iiaeoiaea aeaao ioaao ia aii?in i iaoaiecia
aini?iecaiaenoaa iauanoaa, eiay aaeaeo i?ioeann nioeeaeecaoeee, ii ia
iauyniyao enoi/ieee e iaoaieciu nioeeaeueiuo eciaiaiee e nioeeaeueiiai
?acaeoey iauanoaa. Aianoa n oai eae au n i?ioeaiiieiaeiie oi/ee c?aiey-
nioeeaeueiuo eciaiaiee- ?anniao?eaathony iauanoai e ?ieue iieiaeaaee a
iai iiyaeaoayny a 30-40-a aiaeu iaioaeiianeie eiioeaioeee iieieaiee. Yoa
eiioeaioeey ?anniao?eaaao iauanoai a “enoi?e/aneii ecia?aiee”.
Ii iiaieth E. Iaiaaeia, iauanoaa ?acee/athony ii i?anoeaeo iieiaeuo
ethaeae e a caaeneiinoe io oiai, iauaaeeiaia ee iieiaeaaeue a a?oiiu
eee aeaeaeaiey, eioi?ua aeeytho ia oiae niauoee. Oae a NNN? nouanoaiaaea
iiiiiieenoe/aneay i?aaiecaoeey iieiaeaaee, iinyuay ieeeoa?enoneea /a?ou.
Iieiaeaaeue- yoi iaeei ec ne?uouo ?ano?nia iauanoaa e io iiaeeecaoeee
eioi?uo caaeneo aai aeecianiiniaiinoue. Iauanoaa, n/eoaao Iaiaaei,
aeaeyony ia noaoe/iua e aeeiaie/aneea. Noaoe/iua iauanoaa, eioi?ua
?acaeaathony iinoaiaiii i?e iaaeeaiiii oeia eciaiaiee, iie?athony
aeaaiui ia?acii ia iiuo noa?oeo iieieaiee. Iie nii?ioeaeythony
?aaeecaoeee ne?uouo aiciiaeiinoae iieiaeaaee. Ia?aciaaiea a oaeeo
iauanoaao nin?aaeioi/aii ia ia?aaea/a o?aaeeoeee. Oaeia iauanoai
niciaoaeueii i?aiaa?aaaao aeeciaiiuie aeooiaiuie ?aca?aaie iieiaeaaee,
iineieueeo ia iaia?aii ia?ooaoue nouanoaothuea o?aaeeoeee.
A i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoue ei aeeiaie/aneea, no?aiyueany e iiaui
aiciiaeiinoyi, iacaaeneii io ainiiaenoaothuae a ieo nioeeaeueiie eee
iieeoe/aneie oeeinioee, iie?athony aeaaiui ia?acii ia nio?oaeie/anoai n
iieiaeaaeueth. Iie i?aaiecotho e eniieuecotho naie aeeciaiiua ?ano?nu,
ia?ooay onoaiiaeaoeeny oiae nioeeaeueiiai ?acaeoey. Iniaay ooieoeey
iieiaeaaee ninoieo a oii, /oi iia – iaeeaeythuee iin?aaeiee, naiaai
?iaea ?aca?a, aunooiathuee ia ia?aaeiee ieai, eiaaea oaeia iaeeaeaiea
noaiiaeony iaiaoiaeeiui aeey i?eniiniaeaiey e auno?i iaiythueiny eee
ea/anoaaiii iiaui ianoiyoaeuenoaai.
?anniao?eaay cia/aiea iieiaeaaee aeey iauanoaa, ioaeii auynieoue
oa?aeoa? iioaioeeaea, eioi?ue i?aaenoaaeyao yoa iieiaeaaeue, e oi?iu
eioaa?aoeee, iaiaoiaeeiua aeey i?aia?aciaaiey yoiai iioaioeeaea a
ooieoeeth. Eee aea i?inoi ioaaoeoue ia aii?in: /oi iu eiaai a aeaeo,
eiaaea aiai?ei, /oi iieiaeaaeue- yoi iaeeaeythuee iin?aaeiee.
Ioeai/ii ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi iieiaeaaeue i?ia?anneaia ii naiae i?e?iaea.
Aaaeue eiina?aaoeaiua e ?aaeoeeiiiua aeaeaeaiey iiaoo oaeaea oaea/ue
iieiaeaaeue. Iieiaeaaeue ie i?ia?anneaia, ie eiina?aaoeaia ii naiae
i?e?iaea – iia iioaioeey, aioiaay e ethaiio ia/eiaieth. Auoue iieiaeui
icia/aao noiyoue ia e?ath iauanoaa, auoue ai iiiaeo ioiioaieyo
aoonaeaea?ii. E iiaeii ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi iiae?inoie- yoa oa
iauanoaaiiay neea, eioi?ay iiaeao inouanoaeoue ?acee/iua ia/eiaiey,
iioiio /oi ii ia aini?eieiaao onoaiiaeaiiue ii?yaeie eae ia/oi naii
niaie ?acoiathuaany e ia iaeaaeaao cae?aieaiiuie caeiiii eioa?anaie ie
yeiiiie/aneiai, ie aeooiaiiai oa?aeoa?a. Aeaiiay oa?aeoa?enoeea
iieiaeaaee iiae?acoiaaaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue iieeoe/aneie nioeeaeecaoeee
iieiaeaaee.
Caaea/a iieiaeaaee aioo?e no?aiu iiaeao caeeth/aoueny a oii, /oi iia
aeieaeia iieiaeeoue eiiaoe aeooiaiiio e?eceno. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy
iieiaeaaeue ia iiaeao iaieoenue aac aiieiuaiey naieo no?aieaiee a
aeeciue. E iiii/ue ae a yoii iiaeao oieueei ainoaea?noai.
E i?eia?o Eaiei aeaeae caaea/o iieiaeaaee a no?ieoaeuenoaa iiaiai
eiiioienoe/aneiai iauanoaa iooai o/aau e aeoeaiie iauanoaaiiie aeecie
(14;10).
Enoiaey ec auoa neacaiiiai, iiaeii neacaoue, /oi aeaaiay caaea/a
iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee- nicaeaiea nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneeo oneiaee aeey
?aaeecaoeee iieiaeaaeueth naieo ooieoeee a aeeiaie/aneii iauanoaa .
Oaia?ue iu iiaeai ii?aaeaeeoue cia/aiea oa?ieia “iieiaeaaeiay iieeoeea”.
Aeey ia/aea iaicia/ei /oi aoiaeeo a iiiyoea iieiaeaaeiay iieeoeea.
Ai-ia?auo, yoi i/aiue oe?ieay iiiaiooieoeeiiaeueiay iieeoeea,
aeeth/athuay aieueoie ia?a/aiue ia?, eioi?ua cao?aaeaatho iieiaeia
iieieaiea n iiiaioa ?iaeaeaiey e aei 29 eao (aeaoneea naaeu,
iiaeaea?aeea naiuee, ia?aciaaiea, nioeeaeueiia iaania/aiea, caiyoinoue,
aeeeuea). Ai aoi?uo, iiae “iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeeie” iiae?acoiaaaaony
aeayoaeueiinoue niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo oeaio?aeueiuo i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuo e
ioieoeeiaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaiee, eiieoaoia, eiiennee ii aeaeai iieiaeaaee.
A-o?aoueeo, oa?iei “iieiaeaaeiay iieeoeea” ioaaouaaao oieueei iieeoeeo a
noa?a naiaiaeiiai a?aiaie e ia?aciaaiey iieiaeaaee. Aeaiiue iiaeoiae
noaeaao iiiyoea iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee. Neaaeoao caiaoeoue: eae oceia,
oae e oe?ieia o?aeoiaaiea nooe iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee iiaeaa?aaaony iuia
e?eoeea ni noi?iiu o/aiuo e i?aeoeeia. Oaeea iiaeoiaeu i?eaiaeyo eee e
noaeaieth niaea?aeaiey yoiai aeaea nioeeaeueiie iieeoeee eee e aa
“?aciuaaieth” a ae?oaeo nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneeo aii?inao, ?aoaaiuo
i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuie e ioieoeeiaeueiuie i?aaiaie a ioiioaiee ?acee/iuo
eaoaai?ee ianaeaiey. Oaia?ue, ii/aio aea ca aeieaea aiaeu nouanoaiaaiey
eiiniiiea a iaoae no?aia iu oieueei nae/an iiaeoiaeei e ii?aaeaeaieth
oeaeaiai?aaeaiiie iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee.
I?aeoeea au?aaioaea o?e iiaeoiaea e ii?aaeaeaieth iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee:
oioaeeoa?iue, eiina?aaoeaiue e eeaa?aeueiue.
A NNN? eiae ianoi oioaeeoa?iue iiaeoiae. A iao/iii ciaiee e ia i?aeoeea
a iaoae no?aia ana yoi a?aiy iinooee?iaaeinue niaiaaeaiea
ainoaea?noaaiiuo e a?oiiiauo eioa?ania. Ainiiaenoaiaaei i?aaenoaaeaiea i
aa?iiie/aneii aaeeinoaa a iauanoaa eioa?ania ?acee/iuo a?oii e neiaa
ianaeaiey, i?e yoii any i?iaeaiaoeea eioa?ania iieiaeaaee naiaeeeanue a
eo/oai neo/aa e eco/aieth i?aaeii/oaiee thiioae e aeaaooae a noa?a
aeinoaa, ia?aciaaiey, o?oaea. Naia iinoaiiaea aii?ina i nenoaia
eioa?ania iieiaeaaeiie iauiinoe, i aa niaeaniaaiiinoe eee
?anniaeaniaaiiinoe n eioa?anaie ae?oaeo a?oii ianaeaiey auea
iai?eaieaia, aia caaeneiinoe io iaee/ey ?aaeueiuo i?iaeai a iieiaeaaeiie
n?aaea e iio?aaiinoae a eo ?ac?aoaiee. A ?acoeueoaoa aei neo ii? iao
niaoeeaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee, a eioi?uo eco/aeenue au eioa?anu
(yeiiiie/aneea, iieeoe/aneea, i?aaiaua, eoeueoo?ieiae/aneea e i?i/.)
?acee/iuo nioeeaeueiuo einoeoooia, nioeeaeueiuo a?oii e neiaa ii
ioiioaieth e iieiaeaaee, aa nioeeaeueiiio noaoono, ea/anoao aeecie. Iu
ia ciaai oaeaea, eae ioiinyony iieiaeua ethaee e ae?oaei a?oiiai
iauanoaa, einoeoooai, i?ecaaiiui ?aoaoue iieiaeaaeiua i?iaeaiu.
Iai?eia?, iu ia ciaai, eae ioiinyony iieiaeua e i?iaiaeeiui
Ainoaea?noaaiiui eiieoaoii ii aeaeai aeaoae e iieiaeaaee ia?ii?eyoeyi e
i?ia?aiiai.
Nia?aiaiiue iiaeoiae iiaeii ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue eae eiina?aaoeaiue
(nicaeaiea aineiieoaoia e ainoaea?noaaiiay iiaeaea?aeea iieiaeaaee). Ii
/oiau ynii i?aaenoaaeyoue iai?aaeaiiinoue iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee,
iaiaoiaeeii ciaoue, eaeea i?iaeaiu i?ecaaia ?aoeoue aeaiiay iieeoeea.
Oeaeue iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee caeeth/aaony a nicaeaiee aeaaii?eyoiuo
yeiiiie/aneeo e iieeoe/aneeo oneiaee, i?aaiauo aa?aioee, niiniaiuo
oeo/oeoue ea/anoai aeecie iieiaeaaeiie iiioeyoeee (ia a oua?a
aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe ae?oaeo a?oii e neiaa iauanoaa) (11;34-38). Oeaeue
ii?aaeaeyao aeaa acaeiinaycaiiua caaea/e: nicaeaiea iauaeoeaiuo oneiaee
aeey oeeaeeeciaaiiiai nioeeaeueiiai noaiiaeaiey e ?acaeoey
iiae?anoathuaai iieieaiey (eae iauaeoa iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee); nicaeaiea
aeaaii?eyoiuo oneiaee aeey eiiiaaoeeiiiie, naiinoiyoaeueiie
aeayoaeueiinoe iieiaeaaee a ?acee/iuo noa?ao iauanoaa e a eioa?anao
naiiai iauanoaa; i?aeoe/aneie io?aaioee iiauo iauanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee e
oi?i aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe iieiaeaaee (eae noauaeoia iieeoeee).Aiai?y i
ainoaea?noaaiiuo ia?ii?eyoeyo, i?ecaaiiuo ?aoaoue i?iaeaiu iieiaeaaee,
neaaeoao iiae/a?eiooue, /oi iieiaeaaeiay iieeoeea ia?aaeei ia
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie eaeie-oi caeii/aiiie nenoaiu, aeaoaeueii
?aaeaiaioe?othuae acaeiiioiioaiey iieiaeiai iieieaiey ai anai
neiaeeaoainy iiiaiia?acee nia?aiaiiie aeecie(15;82-85). Iaiaoiaeeii,
/oiau iieiaeaaeiay iieeoeea ainoaea?noaa no?ieeanue n o/aoii
acaeiicaaeneiinoe e i?aainoaaiiinoe iieieaiee. ?aoaiey ii i?iaeaiai
iieiaeiai iieieaiey i?eieiathony oieueei iinea aiaeeca aiciiaeiuo
iineaaenoaee aeey niaaeiuo e aeeceinoiyueo aeaiia?aoe/aneeo iauiinoae,
iinea i?in/aoa aeieain?i/iuo iineaaenoaee yoeo ?aoaiee aeey naiie
iieiaeaaee a iineaaeothuea aiaeu. Iiaeii ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi
ainoaea?noaaiiay iieiaeaaeiay iieeoeea – yoi eioaa?e?iaaiea ioaeaeueiuo
i?ia?aii e i?iaeoia, eanathueony iieiaeaaee, a aaeeiia oeaeia i?e
oneeaiee ?aaoee?othuae ?iee nia?aiaiiiai ainoaea?noaa. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy
aieueoia aieiaiea oaeaeyaony eco/aieth iiuoa ?yaea caiaaeiuo no?ai,
eioi?ua a yoii aii?ina aeinoeaee iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae. Iiyoiio aiaeec
iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee a caiaaeiuo no?aiao ea?aao oaeaea iaiaeiaaaeiia
cia/aiea aeey ii?aaeaeaiey eo?na iaoae ?anioaeeeaineie iieiaeaaeiie
iieeoeee, ia io?eoeay i?e yoii iniaaiiinoae, neiaeeaoeony a iaoae
eoeueoo?a e iaioaeeoaoa. Oi anoue, iaiaoiaeei eaeie-oi neioac caiaaeiuo
oa/aiee e ioa/anoaaiiuo iai?aaeaiee ii oi?ie?iaaieth oeaeaiai?aaeaiiie
ainoaea?noaaiiie iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee (11; 127-134). Aiaeec
ca?oaaaeiiai iiuoa iicaieyao naeaeaoue neaaeothuea auaiaeu:
Iieiaeaaeiay iieeoeea a ?acaeouo no?aiao i?aa?aoeeanue naaiaeiy a
naiinoiyoaeueiia iai?aaeaiea aeayoaeueiinoe ainoaea?noaa.
Ainoaea?noai i?iaiaeeo iieiaeaaeioth iieeoeeo /a?ac nenoaio i?aaiia
oi?aaeaiey e eii?aeeiaoeee, i?e/ai, aiaoaoaeuenoai ainoaea?noaa oai
neeueiaa, /ai neaaaa aeoeaiinoue ?aaeiiaeueiuo “naiaiaeiuo iineoaeae”
iieiaeaaeiuo oneoa.
Yooaeoeaiinoue ?aaeecaoeee i?ia?aii caaeneo io o/aoa eioa?ania,
iio?aaiinoae, aeaeaiee iieiaeaaee, aa iinoiyiii iaiythueony o?aaiaaiee e
ea/anoao ia?aciaaiey, o?oaeiono?ienoaa, aeinoaa, noa?u oneoa.
I?ienoiaeeo ia?aoiae io anaiauaiethueo, aaeeiuo, oeaio?aeeciaaiiuo
iauaainoaea?noaaiiuo (iaoeeiiaeueiuo) i?ia?aii aeey anae iieiaeaaee e
eieaeueiui, oeaeaaui, aeaeei i?iaeoai. I?e ?aaeecaoeee, eioi?uo aeoeaio
aeaeaaony ia oneeeyo ianoiuo (ioieoeeiaeueiuo, ?aeiiiuo) i?aaiia aeanoe
eae aieaa i?eaeeaeaiiuo e eiie?aoiui iio?aaeoaeyi e o/eouaathueo
aeaiia?aoe/aneea, nioeeaeueiua, yeiiiie/aneea e iieeoe/aneea iniaaiiinoe
e eiie?aoiie oa??eoi?ee, aaea oi?ie?oaony e ?aaeecoaony iieiaeaaeiay
iieeoeea.
Aeayoaeueiinoue Aineiieoaoa ii aeaeai aeaoae e iieiaeaaee. I?ei?eoaoiua
iai?aaeaiey a ?aaeecaoeee II.
Ia?aeaeai e ?anniio?aieth iaoae eiie?aoiie neooaoeee. Ia iniiaa
ca?oaaaeiiai iioaioeeaea iinoa?aainy niiinoaaeoue ii?iaoeaiua
aeieoiaiou, eo i?eioeeiu n i?eioeeiaie, eioi?ua caeiaeaiu a
iieiaeaaeioth iieeoeeo caiaaeiuie o/aiuie e iieeoeeaie.
Oaoa?noai – noauaeo ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. E iiyoiio eiae/iaa ia/aoue n
ii?iaoeaiie aacu ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. E oiio aea a iae caeiaeaiu
eeoue iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee. Ia/io n oiai, /oi iao
ii?aaeaeaiiiai caeiia ia o?iaia anae ?innee. Yoi a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
naycaii n oai, /oi o?oaeii ninoaaeoue caeii, eioi?ue au o/eouaae
iio?aaiinoe e eioa?anu anae ?inneeneie iieiaeaaee. Iia ianoieueei
?aciiia?acia a ieaia aeeciaiiuo i?eaioaoeee, /oi yoi i?aeoe/anee
iaaiciiaeii. Iiyoiio ia o?iaia ?innee nouanoaotho eeoue iieiaeaaeiua
i?ia?aiiu e eiioeaioeee ainoaea?noaaiiie iieiaeaaeiie
iieeoeee(13;54-57).
Iaeaieaa iieiia au?aaeaiea i?aeoe/aneea ia?u ii ?aaeecaoeee
ainoaea?noaaiiie iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee iaoee a Oaaea?aeueiie i?ia?aiia
“Iieiaeaaeue ?innee”, eioi?ay auea iiaeaioiaeaia a 1993 aiaeo. Aeaiiay
i?ia?aiia – iaeaieaa aeaenoaaiiue eino?oiaio aeinoeaeaiey eiia/iuo
?acoeueoaoia, iia i?aaeiieaaaao i?aaeaea anaai auaeaeaiea athaeaeaoiuo
n?aaenoa ia ?acaeoea i?ei?eoaoiue iai?aaeaiee iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee,
oayceo aeaenoaee oaaea?aeueiuo e ianoiuo i?aaiia aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey –
ana yoi niinianoaoao nicaeaieth iaoaiecia ?aoaiey iieiaeaaeiuo i?iaeai,
niiniaiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaoue a aeaeueiaeoai aac o/anoe oaaea?aeueiuo
i?aaiia aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey.
Oaeei ia?acii, aiaeec oaaea?aeueiie i?ia?aiiu (iai?eia?, “Iniiaiua
iai?aaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiie iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee”) iieacae, /oi
aeaiiua i?ia?aiiu yaeythony aeaenoaaiiui eino?oiaioii ?aaeecaoeee
iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee (e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, ?ac?aoaiey i?ioeai?a/ee
nioeeaeueiiai ?acaeoey iieiaeaaee ) a neeo eiiieaeniinoe,
acaeiioaycaiiinoe ni niaaeiuie i?ia?aiiaie (“AEeeuea”, “Caiyoinoue
ianaeaiey” e o.i.), aeinoaoi/iie aeaoeaio?aeecaoeee, aeaeinoe.
Iaeiaei na?ueaciie i?iaeaiie inoaaony oeiainiaia iaania/aiea
i?ia?aiiu. Iaaeinoaoie n?aaenoa i?eaiaeeo e auiaaeaieth ec eiioaenoa
eiae/anee naycaiiuo n iei /anoae, /oi ?acei nieaeaao yooaeoeaiinoue,
caeii/aiiinoue e eiiieaeniinoue i?ia?aii, naiaeeo eo e aianenoaiiui
ia?ii?eyoeyi. Oaeea ?acoeueoaou aeene?aaeeoe?otho i?ia?aiiii-oeaeaaie
iiaeoiae e iieiaeaaeioth iieeoeeo a oeaeii(17;15) .
Oaeaea a i?ia?aiia iao eiie?aoiuo iooae ?aaeecaoeee oeacaiiuo
ia?ii?eyoee; ionoonoaoao ii?aaeaeaiiinoue, eioi?ay iaiaoiaeeia aeey
inouanoaeaiey iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee. Ii neiaai Iiaeeiaie
O.A.(i?aaenaaeaoaeue Ainoaea?noaaiiiai eiieoaoa ?O ii aeaeai iieiaeaaee)
“enoiaeiua i?eioeeiu ainoaea?noaaiiie iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee
i?aa?auathony iiea a aeaeea?aoeeth, eioi?ay ieeae ia aeeyao ia
aieueoeinoai i?eieiaaiuo i?aaiaie ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe ?aoaiee”.
Yoio oacen iiae/a?eeaaao, /oi ia anaaaea oeaio? niiniaai ?aoeoue ana
i?iaeaiu ?aaeiia. Iiyoiio nia?aiaiiue yoai ?acaeoey ainoaea?noaaiiie
iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee a ?O “oa?aeoa?ecoaony niauaieai oeaio?a oyaeanoe a
?aaioa n ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia io oaaea?aeueiiai oeaio?a e ?aaeiiai.”
E ia?ae/iia cia/aiea aeey ian i?eia?aoaao ?anioaeeeaineee caeii “I
iieiaeaaee”, iiaeienaiiue I?aceaeaioii 19 ieoya?y 1993 aiaea e i?eiyoue
Aa?oiaiui Niaaoii ?anioaeeee Oaoa?noai 2 ia?oa 1993 aiaea (1;1-20).
I?eiyoue caeii ?aaeaiaioe?oao aeaenoaey ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia ii
inouanoaeaieth ainoaea?noaaiiie iieeoeee. A caeiia ainoaea?noaaiiay
iieiaeaaeiay iieeoeea iauyaeyaony “iaeiei ec iniiaiuo iai?aaeaiee
aeayoaeueiinoe ?anioaeeee Oaoa?noai “ e “eiathuae oeaeueth nicaeaiea
yeiiiie/aneeo, nioeeaeueiuo, eoeueoo?iuo, i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo, i?aaiauo
oneiaee e aa?aioee aeey nioeeaeueiiai noaiiaeaiey e ?acaeoey iieiaeuo
a?aaeaeai, eo iaeaieaa iieiie naii?aaeecaoeee a eioa?anao anaai ia?iaea”
(no. 3.1). Yoei eae au iiae/a?eeaaaony i?ei?eoaoiinoue ainoaea?noaaiiie
iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee a oeaeyo ?acaeoey o?iaiy (nioeeaeueiiai,
yeiiiie/aneiai…) iieiaeaaee. I?eioeeiu, ia eioi?uo no?ieony aeaiiue
caeii, yaeythony i?enoueie anai nioeeaeueiui caeiiai iauanoaa. Caeanue
i?iaicaeaoathony iaua/aeiaa/aneea oeaiiinoe, eioi?ua caeiaeaiu a
Eiinoeoooeee ?anioaeeee Oaoa?noai, Aeaeea?aoeee i?aa ?aaaiea III e o.i..
N oeaeueth ?aaeecaoeee iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee nicaeai Aineiieoao ii
aeaeai aeaoae e iieiaeaaee. Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao ii aeaeai aeaoae e
iieiaeaaee ?anioaeeee Oaoa?noai ia?aciaai a niioaaonoaee n caeiiii “I
iieiaeaaee”, iinoaiiaeaieai Eaaeiaoa ieieno?ia ?anioaeeee Oaoa?noai io
22 aaaonoa 1994a. ? 405 e iinoaiiaeaieai Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa ?anioaeeee
Oaoa?noai io 2 ia?oa 1993a (4;1-2). A oa/aiea 1994-1995 aiaeia e 16
ai?iaeai e ?aeiiai ?anioaeeee, aaea ooieoeeiie?iaaee iiae?acaeaeaiey
ianoiuo aaeieieno?aoeee ii ?aaioa n iieiaeaaeueth, aeiaeaaeenue aua 36.
A ?acoeueoaoa ii ninoiyieth ia 1.01.1996 aiaea ai anao ai?iaeao e
?aeiiao ?anioaeeee Oaoa?noai aeaenoaotho oaeea iiae?acaeaeaiey, a oii
/enea 3 oi?aaeaiey, 19 eiieoaoia e 30 ioaeaeia ii aeaeai iieiaeaaee.
I?e/ai, iaeioi?ua ?aeiiu oaea ia noaaeee oi?ie?iaaiey oaea noieeioeenue
n o?oaeiinoyie a iiaeai?a eaiaeeaeaoo? ia aeieaeiinoe ?oeiaiaeeoaeae e
niaoeeaeenoia yoeo no?oeoo?.
Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao ii aeaeai aeaoae e iieiaeaaee ii?aaeaeyaony eae
“i?aai ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey, inouanoaeythuee ainoaea?noaaiiia
?aaoee?iaaiea e iaaeio?aneaaoth eii?aeeiaoeeth a iaeanoe iieiaeaaeiie
iieeoeee a ?anioaeeea Oaoa?noai”.
Aiaeece?oy caeii, iieiia iacaaiea eioi?iai “I ainoaea?noaaiiie
iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeea a ?anioaeeea Oaoa?noai”, auaeaeei a iai ?yae
iaeioi?uo eiae/aneeo a?oii. *a?ac ieo iu e iinoa?aainy i?aaenoaaeoue
naaa no?oeoo?o caeiia.
Iaania/aiea niaethaeaiey i?aa iieiaeaaee (?acaeaeu 1-3). A yoie nayce
i?aaeoniao?eaaaony iaaeiiouaiea eaeeo-eeai ia?aie/aiee
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneeo, iieeoe/aneeo e ee/iuo i?aa e naiaiae i?aa ii
iioeaai aic?anoa,, a oaeaea aiceiaeaiea aeiiieieoaeueiuo iaycaiiinoae
oieueei a niioaaonoaee n caeiiii.
Ianiaethaeaiea i?aa iieiaeaaee yaeyaony iaeiie ec aeaaiuo i?e/ei
iaiieiiou nioeeaeueiiai noaoona iieiaeaaee. Yoa i?iaeaia aeooaeueia ia
oieueei aeey iaoae ?anioaeeee. Ianiio?y ia iaua eiinoeoooeeiiiua
aa?aioee i?aa e naiaiae anai a?aaeaeaiai iacaaeneii io aic?anoa, oaeou
ouaieaiey i?aa iieiaeaaee ano?a/athony ai?acaei /aua, /ai a ae?oaeo
a?oiiao. Yoi iauyniyaony ia oieueei iaciaieai iieiaeaaeueth naieo i?aa,
ceioiio?aaeaieyie ni noi?iiu aaeieieno?aoi?ia, iaaeaaiaia, ?iaeeoaeae,
ii e auoaeaao ec ?yaea aaaeiinoaaiiuo e ianoiuo aeoia, ouaieythueo i?aaa
ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo e iieiaeaaee.
Aio ienueii a ?aaeaeoeeth aacaou “Iieiaeaaeue Oaoa?noaia” (34;8):
“ Cae?aanoaoeoa, aei?iaay ?aaeaeoeey. Ieoo aai a iaaeaaeaea ia iiiiuue.
ss i?inoi ia ciath, e eiio aua ia?aoeoueny. Ioaoe ecaeaaaaony iaaei
iiie, eae oi/ao. Ianeieueei ?ac y oaaaaea ec aeiia… Ia aa?ionue ooaea
ieeiaaea, eo/oa iieii/o n niaie. Ienaia, 15 eao”. E yoi ia aaeeinoaaiiia
ienueii iiaeiaiiai ?iaea. A naiueyo e ia oeeoeao a iauaeaiiie aeecie
i?ienoiaeeo iieiaeoee aani?aaeae. Aeaenoaoao caeii aeaeoiaeae. Ii aeaaea
oai ?iaeeoaee ethayo naieo aeaoae. E oioy a ?acaeaea caeiia “Iaania/aiea
iieiaeaaee” eiathony aeaa noaouee, eioi?ua ?aaoee?otho acaeiiioiioaiey a
naiuea ( yoi noaouee 7 e 9, a eioi?ie, a /anoiinoe, aiai?eoueny: ”Ooiae
ca aeaoueie e eo ainieoaiea anoanoaaiiia i?aai ?iaeeoaeae e eo
iaycaiiinoue. Ca inouanoaeaieai yoie iaycaiiinoe neaaeeo ainoaea?noai”),
a aeaiiie neooaoeee iaaei caiaoeoue, /oi iaoaieciu inouanoaeaiey caeiia
“I iieiaeaaee” aua ia aeaenoaotho. E yoie i?iaeaia iu aua aa?iainy a
aeaeueiaeoai.
2. Aa?aioee a noa?a o?oaea, caiyoinoe, ia?u ii niaeaenoaeth
i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe e ainoaea?noaaiiie iiaeaea?aeee
iieiaeie naiuee. (?acaeaeu 3-4). Yoe aa?aioee nicaeatho i?aaeiinueee
aeey ?ac?aoaiey i?ioeai?a/ee a noa?a nioeeaeueii-i?ioanneiiaeueiiai,
iaoa?eaeueiiai noaoona. Oae caeiaeaia iniiaa inouanoaeaiey ia?,
iaeaa/athueo i?ioeann aaeaioaoeee iieiaeaaee e oneiaeyi o?oaea aeey
iiaeaea?aeee i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe, i?aaeinoaaeaiu
eueaiou ia/eiathuei iieiaeui i?aaei?eieiaoaeyi ii iaeiaiiaeiaeaieth e
e?aaeeoiaaieth; iaania/aiea eo n?aaenoaaie i?iecaiaenoaa e iiiauaieyie.
Noeioee?oaony nicaeaiea iieiaeuie oa?ia?aie naiaai oicyenoaa “iooai
onoaiiaeaiey eueaio ia i?eia?aoaiea neioa, n?aaenoa iaeie iaoaiecaoeee,
aueoi caiee.
I?aaeinoaaeaiea nioeeaeueiuo oneoa, nicaeaiea oneiaee aeey aeooiaiiai e
oece/aneiai ?acaeoey iieiaeaaee (?acaeae 3). Iieiaeaaee iaania/eaaaony
aa?aioe?iaaiiue o?iaaiue nioeeaeueiuo oneoa. Ia?u a yoii iai?aaeaiee
i?aaeaea anaai naycaiu n ia?aciaaoaeueiui noaoonii iieiaeaaee. Oie aea
oeaee neoaeeo neoaeaa nioeeaeueiie iiiiue iieiaeaaee, ooieoeee eioi?ie
iaoneiaeaiu aeaiiui caeiiii.
Ii?aaeaeyaony noaoon e ia?a o/anoey iieiaeaaeiuo i?aaiecaoeee a
ainoaea?noaaiiie iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeea (yoie oaiu y einionue a
ioaeaeueiie aeaaa).
Oaeiau iniiaiua iieiaeaiey Caeiia “I iieiaeaaee”. Nouanoaothuee caeii
aeaeae io aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Ia nicaeai nai iaoaieci ?aaeecaoeee
caeiia. Aio eae ioeaieaaao aai I?aaenaaeaoaeue Ainoaea?noaaiiiai
eiieoaoa ii aeaeai aeaoae e iieiaeaaee I.I. Aa?eaa :”Ia niio?y ia oi,
/oi caeii “I iieiaeaaee” aa?aioe?oao nioeeaeueioth iiaeaea?aeeo iieiaeuo
naiae, nooaeai/anoaa, ae?oaeo eaoaai?ee iieiaeaaee, iieeoeea
i?aaeoaeuenoaa e?anii?a/eai naeaeaoaeuenoaoao iaania/aiea ia?aoiii –
ieeaeeo aa?aioee. Oae iai?eia?, ec ?anoiaeiie /anoe athaeaeaoa ia 1995
aiae (3,5 ieeeea?aeia ?oaeae) ia ?aaeecaoeeth iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee
auaeaeyaony eeoue 500 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae, oi anoue 0,15% anao aeaiaa.
Iiiyoii, /oi caeanue ie i eaeeo aeieain?i/iuo ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?iaeoao
?a/ue eaeoe ia iiaeao”(28;3) Aeey n?aaiaiey a Aaoei?oinoaia ia
iieiaeaaeioth iieeoeeo auei auaeaeaii 10 ieeeea?aeia ?oaeae a yoii aea
aiaeo.
Oaeei ia?acii, oeiaine?iaaiea iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee – aeinoaoi/ii ino?ay
i?iaeaia e a iaoae ?anioaeeea. Aeaaea auaeaeaiiua aeaiueae ia anaaaea
aeioiaeyo aei iacia/aiey.
Caeii “I iieiaeaaee” i?aaeoniao?eaaao oeiaine?iaaiea ainoaea?noaaiiie
iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee (?acaeae 7), caeanue oaeaea iienaiu iniiaiua
ia?ii?eyoey, eioi?ua oeiaine?othony a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue. Auoei oaeaea
Iinoaiiaeaiea Eaaeiaoa ieieno?ia ?anioaeeee Oaoa?noai io 10.07.95a.
?452 “Ia ooaa?aeaeaiee Iieiaeaiey i ainoaea?noaaiiie oeiainiaie
iiaeaea?aeea aeayoaeueiinoe aeaoneeo e iieiaeaaeiuo iauanoaaiiuo
i?aaiecaoeee e iauaaeeiaiee”(8).
Oaeaea ionoonoaoao iaoaieci eiio?iey ca ?anoiaeiaaieai auaeaeaiiuo
n?aaenoa, iaiiiyoii niioiioaiea aeieae ?anioaeeeaineiai e ai?iaeneiai
athaeaeaoia, iao /aoeie aacu ?ani?aaeaeaiey auaeaeaiiuo aeaiaa. Caeii “I
iieiaeaaee” – iaaeinoaoi/iay ii?iaoeaiay aaca aeey ?aaiou n
iieiaeaaeueth. Iaeioi?ua aeieoiaiou, a /anoiinoe, “Iieiaeaiea i
eiiennee ii aeaeai ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo”, i?eiyoia aua a 1968 aiaeo,
onoa?aee. Ia ii?aaeaeai noaoon aeaonei-iiae?inoeiauo eeoaia e
iieiaeaaeiuo oeaio?ia. Ii, oai ia iaiaa, yoi ana eeoue o?oaeiinoe
aeaiiiai ia?eiaea.
Ii?aaeaeea aeaa acaeiinaycaiiua caaea/e iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee:
nicaeaiea iauaeoeaiuo oneiaee aeey noaiiaeaiey e ?acaeoey
iiae?anoathuaai iieieaiey e iaoa?eaeueiay iiaeaea?aeea iaeiiaania/aiiuo,
iiaeii iinoa?aoueny ii?aaeaeeoue i?ei?eoaoiua iai?aaeaiey iieiaeaaeiie
iieeoeee. Ia iie acaeyae, yoi i?iaeaia caiyoinoe, aeeeeuiue aii?in e
nioeeaeueiia iaania/aiea.
Ia?ainoaiaiiie cia/aiea a i?iaeaia caiyoinoe iieiaeaaee eiaao io?aia
i?aa ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo e iieiaeaaee, anooiathueo a o?oaeiaua
niaeaoaiey. A yoie nayce a ?anioaeeea i?eieiaaony ?yae ia?, iai?aaeaiiuo
ia eii?aeeiaoeeth oneeee ii o?oaeiono?ienoao iiae?inoeia e iieiaeaaee.
Oae, aaeaaiaeii i?eieiaaony iinoaiiaeaiea Eaaeiaoa Ieieno?ia ?anioaeeee
Oaoa?noai “Ia i?aaiecaoeee ioaeuoa, icaei?iaeaiey, caiyoinoe aeaoae e
iiae?inoeia”, i?ia?aiia nicaeaiey niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo ?aai/eo iano aeey
ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo e iieiaeaaee a eaoiee ia?eiae.
Iaeiaei a iaeanoe caiyoinoe Caeiia ?anioaeeee Oaoa?noai “I iieiaeaaee”
oaeaea ia ?aaioaao. Oa eino?oeoeee, eioi?ua i?eiyou ia naaiaeiyoiee
aeaiue ii ?aaeecaoeee Caeiia, ia iaania/eaatho oao i?aeiouanoa, eioi?ua
ia?aiia/aeueii caeeaaeuaaeenue a Caeiia, a iiiaea aua ia ?ac?aaioaiu, a
/anoiinoe, ii no.21, i.3 Caeiia. A ?acoeueoaoa, a i?aaiecaoeeyo e
ianoiuo i?aaiao oi?aaeaiey yoi iieiaeaiea Caeiia eee aiiaua ia
aini?eieiaaony eee o?aeooaony ii-?aciiio. Ia aeaenoaoao e i.2 no.23, oae
eae ii iai?yioth naycai n i.3 no.21.
Aaaeiay e i/aiue neiaeiay ii naiaio ?aoaieth i?iaeaia i?ioi?eaioaoeee.
Naaiaeiy yoa i?iaeaia ineiaeiyaony oai, /oi o/aaiua caaaaeaiey
auioneatho ai iiiaii niaoeeaeenoia aac o/aoa ni?ina ia ?aai/oth neeo.
Iao na?ueaciiai i?iaiica ?uiea i?ioannee. O/aaiua i?ia?aiiu a oeieao e
i?ioanneiiaeueiuo o/aaiuo caaaaeaieyo iaaeinoaoi/ii naycaiu n ?aaeueiie
aeeciueth. Ia oaaoaao niaoeeaeenoia, a niioaaonoaaiii e iaoiaeeee ii
i?ioi?eaioaoeeiiiie ?aaioa n o/aoii iiauo ?uii/iuo oneiaee, oioy
iio?aaiinoue iieiaeaaee a i?ioanneiiaeueiie eiinoeueoaoeee ?acei
aic?inea. Iao e yooaeoeaii ooieoeeiie?othuae nenoaiu i?ioanneiiaeueiie
eioi?iaoeee, niaea?aeauae naaaeaiey i ?aaioa i?ioanneiiaeueiuo eo?nia e
ia?niaeoeaao o?oaeiono?ienoaa iinea ieo.
A yoie nayce aeey ?aoaiey i?iaeai caiyoinoe iieiaeaaee a ?anioaeeea aue
i?eiyo ?yae ia? (22;33-41):
– ai-ia?auo, a oeaeyo i?ioanneiiaeueiie iiaeaioiaee e niaeaenoaey
i?iecaiaenoaaiiiio o/aie/anoao auea ?ac?aaioaia i?ia?aiia “Iieiaeaaeiay
i?aeoeea”, eioi?ay aeeth/aao eiiieaen ia? ii i?ioanneiiaeueiiio
iao/aieth (ia?aiao/aieth) e io?aaioea iaaueia iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia
?aai/ai ianoa. Oeaeueth i?iaaaeaiey Iieiaeaaeiie i?aeoeee yaeyaony
i?eia?aoaiea iieiaeaaeueth i?ioanneiiaeueiuo ciaiee e iiuoa aeey
oaaee/aiey eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe ia ?uiea o?oaea a oeaeii, e, a
/anoiinoe, iieo/aiea iinoiyiiiai ?aai/aai ianoa ia eiie?aoiii
i?aaei?eyoee ii caaa?oaieth Iieiaeaaeiie i?aeoeee eee aein?i/ii.
I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue Iieiaeaaeiie i?aeoeee 6 ianyoeaa;
– ai-aoi?uo, i?aaei?eiyoi nicaeaiea niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee ii
niaeaenoaeth o?oaeiono?ienoao iieiaeaaee, a /anoiinoe, ?anioaeeeaineie
iieiaeaaeiie ae?aee, ia?aciaaiiie Ainoaea?noaaiiui eiieoaoii ?anioaeeee
Oaoa?noai ii aeaeai aeaoae e iieiaeaaee, ainoaea?noaaiiui eiieoaoii
?anioaeeee Oaoa?noai ii o?oaeo e nioeeaeueiui aii?inai.
Iniiaiie oeaeueth nicaeaiey ?anioaeeeaineie iieiaeaaeiie ae?aee o?oaea
yaeyeanue i?aaiecaoeey o?oaeiono?ienoaa ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo a?aaeaeai e
iieiaeaaee ia a?aiaiioth ?aaioo, iiauoaiea ea/anoaa e ?anoe?aiea niaeo?a
oneoa, i?aaeinoaaeyaiuo iieiaeaaee ia ?uiea o?oaea e niya/aiea
nioeeaeueiie iai?yaeaiiinoe a iieiaeaaeiie noa?a. Ana yoe ia?u
iicaieytho ?aoeoue neaaeothuea i?iaeaiu a /anoe caiyoinoe iieiaeaaee,
oeaeueth eioi?uo yaeythony:
Nicaeaiea oneiaee aeey aeinoeaeaiey yeiiiie/aneie naiinoiyoaeueiinoe e
?aaeecaoeee i?aaa ia o?oae ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo a?aaeaeai e iieiaeaaee.
I?eiauaiea e o?oaeo aiciiaeiinoue aeaoue i?ioanneiiaeueiua iaauee
o/aueiny iauaia?aciaaoaeueiuo oeie, ia/aeueiuo e n?aaeieo o/aaiuo
caaaaeaiee a aic?anoa io 14 aei 18 eao, a oaeaea iiae?inoeai, eioi?ua ii
eaeei-eeai i?e/eiai ia yaeythony o/aueieny ia iiiaio ia?auaiey a i?aaiu
caiyoinoe.
I?iaaaeaiea eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie ainieoaoaeueiie ?aaiou n iiae?inoeaie,
ninoiyueie ia o/aoa a Einiaeoeee ii aeaeai ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo,
iaania/eoue eo caiyoinoue e aaeaioaoeeth e o?oaeo.
Aeey ieacaiey niaeaenoaey aac?aaioiui a?aaeaeaiai a ?acaeoee
naiicaiyoinoe, iaeiai e n?aaeiaai aeciana, aaeaioaoeee aac?aaioiuo e
oneiaeyi ?uiea o?oaea auea ?ac?aaioaia a 1996 aiaeo Ainoaea?noaaiiui
eiieoaoii ?anioaeeee Oaoa?noai ii o?oaeo e nioeeaeueiui aii?inai e
Ainoaea?noaaiiui eiieoaoii ii aeaeai aeaoae e iieiaeaaee i?ia?aiia
“Eacaineee ai?iaeneie nioeeaeueii-aeaeiaie eeoa “AEIE”, aeeth/athuee
noa?o oneoa io eiinoeueoaoeee e i?ioanneiiaeueiie i?eaioaoeee
aac?aaioiuo n oeaeueth ii?aaeaeaiey aiciiaeiinoae eo yooaeoeaiie
aeayoaeueiinoe a ea/anoaa i?aaei?eieiaoaeae aei ieacaiey iiiiue
ia/eiathuei i?aaei?eieiaoaeyi a iaania/aiee i?iecaiaenoaaiiuie
ieiuaaeyie. Ia niaeaenoaea nenoaiu naiicaiyoinoe e i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie
eieoeeaoeau i?aaeoniao?eaaaony auaeaeeoue ec Ainoaea?noaaiiiai oiiaea
caiyoinoe ?anioaeeee 5,0 ie?ae. ?oaeae. Yoe ia?ii?eyoey aoaeoo
i?iaiaeeony a oaniii acaeiiaeaenoaee n ae?oaeie aaaeiinoaaie. Oaeei
ia?acii, iu aeaeei, /oi ?aaioa, i?iaiaeeiay a ?anioaeeea a iaeanoe
caiyoinoe iieiaeaaee aeinoaoi/ii yooaeoeaia, ii iia, e niaeaeaieth,
ia?aie/aia ?aieaie noieeoeu. Nae/an ioe?uaathony oeeeaeu ?anioaeeeaineie
iieiaeaaeiie ae?aee o?oaea, ae?oaeo no?oeoo?, naycaiiuo n
o?oaeiono?ienoaii iieiaeaaee e ?acaeoeai iieiaeaaeiiai
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa. Iniiaiie oii? a ?aaioa ?anioaeeeaineie
iieiaeaaeiie ae?aee o?oaea aoaeao naeaeai ia a?aiaiioth, naciiioth e
e?aoeia?aiaiioth caiyoinoue iieiaeaaee, aic?iaeaeaiea ooaaa
nooaeai/aneeo no?ieoaeueiuo io?yaeia.
Aiaeece?oy aanue iaoa?eae ii i?iaeaia caiyoinoe iieiaeaaee, iiaeii
iinoa?aoueny noi?ioee?iaaoue iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee
ainoaea?noaa a noa?a caiyoinoe:
a) iaania/aiea oneiaee aeey aeinoeaeaiey yeiiiie/aneie
naiinoiyoaeueiinoe e ?aaeecaoeee i?aa iieiaeuo a?aaeaeai ia o?oae;
a) oi?ie?iaaiea yooaeoeaiie nenoaiu i?ioanneiiaeueiie i?eaioaoeee,
iiaeaioiaee, ia?aiiaeaioiaee e iiauoaiey eaaeeoeeaoeee eaae?ia;
a) nieceoue iaai? ia niaoeeaeueiinoe, eioi?ua ia ?uiea o?oaea ia eiatho
ni?ina;
a) nicaeaiea niaoeeaeueiuo neoaea caiyoinoe aeey iieiaeaaee,
?ac?aaaouaaaiuo e oeiaine?oaiuo i?aaeoaeuenoaii i?ia?aii ii
ia?aiao/aieth e iiaeaioiaea oaeei i?ioanneyi, ia eioi?ua eiaaony ni?in;
ae) caiyoinoue aeaoae e iiae?inoeia a eaoiee ia?eiae, a naiaiaeiia io
?aaiou a?aiy n i?ei?eoaoiui i?aaii i?e o?oaeiono?ienoaa ia a?aiaiioth
?aaioo aeaoae, inoaaoeony aac ?iaeeoaeae, iiae?inoeia ec naiae
aac?aaioiuo a?aaeaeai, iaiieiuo, iiiaiaeaoiuo e iaaeaaiiieo/iuo naiae, a
oaeaea iiae?inoeia, ninoiyueo ia o/aoa a Eiienneyo ii aeaeai aeaoae e
ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo;
a) iiaeaea?aeea e niaeaenoaea o?oaeiaui eieoeeaoeaai iieiaeaaee, a oii
/enea a iaeanoe n?aaeiaai e iaeiai aeciana;
ae) nicaeaiea yooaeoeaiie ?aeeaiii-eioi?iaoeeiiiie neoaeau ii ?aaioa
?anioaeeeaineie iieiaeaaeiie ae?aee o?oaea e ae?oaeo no?oeoo? caiyoinoe.
Ioia/o, /oi oaeay iinoaiiaea iaoneiaeaia niaoeeoeeie iieiaeaaeiie
aac?aaioeoeu, iaee/eai a iae aieueoie aeiee aia?aua anooiathueo a ?uiie
o?oaea, aunieei o?iaiai iiaeeueiinoe iieiaeuo ?aaioieeia, eo /anouie
oaieueiaieyie e aica?auaieyie ia ?uiie o?oaea.
Iaoa i?aaeoaeuenoai iniciaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue aiaae?aiey iieiaeaaee a
yeiiiie/aneoth n?aaeo. Iaeioi?ua iai?aaeaiey ec i?aaeeiaeaiiuo oaea
aiieiuaiu a aeeciue.
Aaaeiui e?eoa?eai, ii?aaeaeythuei o?iaaiue aeecie, yaeythony aeeeeuiua
oneiaey. A nouanoaaiiie ia?a iie ii?aaeaeytho ea/anoai aeecie. Ii
iieo/aiiui ?acoeueoaoai ii/oe aeaa o?aoe iieiaeaaee iaoaeiaeaoai?aii
(iieiinoueth eee io/anoe) naiei aeeeueai (20;35). N?aaee i?iaeai,
o?aaothueo ia?aii/a?aaeiiai ?aoaiey, no?ieoaeuenoai aeeeuey a aic?anoiie
a?oiia aei 30 eao iacaaee a 1,7 ?ac aieueoa ?aniiiaeaioia, /ai n?aaee
inoaeueiuo a?oii. Ii aeaiiui Aineiinoaoa ?anioaeeee Oaoa?noai aeiey
iieiaeuo naiae, ninoiyueo ia o/aoa aeey iieo/aiey aeeeeuiie ieiuaaee ia
i?ioyaeaiee 90-o aiaeia, i?aeoe/anee ia iaiyeanue (6,2% a 1990a., 6,5% –
ia/aei 1995a.). Ec /enea naiae, iieo/eaoeo aeeeuea a 1994 aiaeo, aeiey
iieiaeuo naiae auea nouanoaaiii aieueoa: anee /enei naiae, oeo/oeaoeo
naie aeeeeuiua oneiaey a 1994 aiaeo ninoaaeei 7,8%, oi ia aeieth
iieiaeuo naiae i?eoiaeeeinue 15%(20;35). Iaeiaei yoa aeiey ia iiaeao
oaeiaeaoai?eoue iio?aaiinoe iieiaeuo a aeeeuea.
Io/anoe, yoi ?acoeueoao nouanoaiaaaoae nenoaiu ?ani?aaeaeaiey aeeeuey,
eioi?ay, ii nooe, ia?aie/eaaea, ia?ooaea i?aaa iieiaeaaee ia aeeeuea,
iai?eia?, noaae ?aaiou ia i?aaei?eyoee e o.i., /oi i?eaaei e iauei
iaaaoeaiui oaiaeaioeeyi a aeeeeuiuo oneiaeyo iieiaeaaee auaoaai NNN?.
Iniaaiii yoa aeene?eieiaoeey eiaea, aeaeeii, ianoi a i?iaeioeee, a
ai?iaeao e iinaeeao ?anioaeeee, /oi io/anoe iiaeii n/eoaoue iauyniythuae
aa?neae oooaeoaiey aeaiia?aoe/aneie neooaoeee a ?anioaeeea, naycaiiie n
aini?iecaiaenoaii ianaeaiey, iaaeaieai ?iaeaeaaiinoe. AEeeuea ioiineony
e naiui nouanoaaiiui aeaaai, ii?aaeaeythuei ea/anoai aeecie. Iiyoiio aai
iiaeii ioianoe e oeaiiinoyi eino?oiaioaeueiiai ii?yaeea, caaeathuaai
ia?aiao?u iiaaaeaiey, aai iioeaaoeeiiioth no?oeoo?o e a yeiiiie/aneie
noa?a. E a noa?a o?oaea e aeinoaa, e ai aioo?enaiaeiuo ioiioaieyo.
Iinoa?athnue auaeaeeoue ia?aii/a?aaeiua ia?u, eioi?ua iiaee au
oeo/oeoue aeeeeuiua oneiaey iieiaeaaee:
Aacioeaaaoaeueiay ?aaeecaoeey caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeoia, iinoaiiaeaiee
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e ?anioaeeee Oaoa?noai a /anoe ?aoaiey aeeeeuiiai
aii?ina n?aaee iieiaeaaee, niaeaenoaea iieiaeaaeiiio aeeeeuiiio
no?ieoaeuenoao.
Oi?ie?iaaiea yeiiiieei-i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai iaoaiecia ia aaca
ainoaea?noaaiiuo e iauanoaaiiuo o/?aaeaeaiee ii nicaeaieth aeaaii?eyoiuo
aeeeeuiuo oneiaee iieiaeui a?aaeaeaiai e iieiaeui naiueyi ?anioaeeee,
aeeth/athuaai:
?aaeecaoeeth i?aaa ia eueaiou a auaeaeaiee caiaeueiuo o/anoeia aeey
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai aeeeeuiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa e iieiaeaaeiuo aeeeeuiuo
eiiieaenia;
iieo/aiea aeieain?i/iuo e?aaeeoia ia i?eia?aoaiea e no?ieoaeuenoai
aeeeuo aeiiia e eaa?oe?;
i?aaeinoaaeaiea noaneaeee aeey oieaou anooieoaeueiuo aciinia a
aeeeeuii-no?ieoaeueiua eiiia?aoeau.
?ac?aaioea Oeaeaaie eiiieaeniie i?ia?aiiu iieiaeaaeiiai aeeeeuiiai
no?ieoaeuenoaa ia iniiaa ?acee/iuo enoi/ieeia oeiaine?iaaiey. Ec-ca
ino?ie aeeeeuiie i?iaeaiu a iieiaeuo naiueyo a aunoeo noa?ao ?iaeeeny
oa?iei – ainoaea?noaaiiay iieiaeaaeiay aeeeeuiay iieeoeea a ?aieao aa
?aaeecaoeee e iiyaeeanue ?anioaeeeaineay i?ia?aiia ainoaea?noaaiiie
iiaeaea?aeee iieiaeuo naiae a i?eia?aoaiee aeeeuey(25;4). Iaeiei ec
aa?eaioia oeo/oaiey aeeeeuiuo oneiaee iieiaeaaee yaeyaony
ainoaea?noaaiiia e?aaeeoiaaiea.
Eiaiii ii yoiio iooe iioea iaoa ?anioaeeea. Nooue i?ia?aiiu, nicaeaiiie
a 1996 aiaeo, a neaaeothuai: ioaeaeathueiny i?aaeinoaaeyaony
aani?ioeaioiue caei aei 10 eao a ?acia?a ouny/ae?aoiie ?inneeneie
“ieieiaeee” aeey i?eia?aoaiey eaa?oe?u, oeo/oaiey aeeeeuiuo oneiaee eee
no?ieoaeuenoaa aeiia. 60% iinooieaiee iieaeao ec ?anioaeeeaineiai
athaeaeaoa, 40% – ec eacaineiai. Yenia?oii-eii?aeeiaoeeiiiue niaao ii
?aoaieth aeeeeuii-auoiauo i?iaeai iieiaeaaee caeiaony eiio?ieai,
th?eaee/aneei ioi?ieaieai aeiaiai?a, iiaeai?ii ioaeiuo aa?eaioia.
Ae?oaeie neiaaie, ana caaiou caeac/eea aicueiao ia naay. I?ia?aiia
?ani?ino?aiyaony ia iieiaeua naiuee, ii?aaeaeaiea oaeiauo a noaouea 2
Caeiia ?anioaeeee Oaoa?noai “I iieiaeaaee”. I?ia?aiia ?ann/eoaia ia 10
eao. Niaoeeaeenou ?ann/eoaee, /oi ca yoio n?ie aeeeeuiua oneiaey iiaoo
oeo/oeoue 24 ouny/e iieiaeuo naiae. O iieiaeaaee nouanoaoao
?yae i?iaeai, naycaiuo n nouanoaiaaaoae nenoaiie oeaiiinoae: ia?aai?io a
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneii oeeaaea nii?iaiaeaeaaony iaaaeueiui e?ecenii
oeaiiinoiiai niciaiey. A ioee/ea io noa?oaai iieieaiey naaiaeiyoiae
iieiaeaaee ia/aai oa?youe. Ii e i?eia?aoaoue ia/aai, eai noa?oea, ia
aeeaoea a eaieoaeece?othuainy iauanoaa, ie/ai ia iiaoo ei iiii/ue.
Iieiaeui i?eoiaeeony naiei ?aoaoue, /oi oeaiiaa – auno?ia iaiaauaiea
ethauie (aieioue aei e?eieiaeueiuo) n?aaenoaaie eee i?eia?aoaiea aunieie
eaaeeoeeaoeee, iaania/eaathuae niiniaiinoue aaeaioe?iaaoueny e iiaui
oneiaeyi. A yoie nayce aaaeiie /anoueth ainoaea?noaaiiie iieiaeaaeiie
iieeoeee aeieaeia noaoue iiiiuue iieiaeaaee a niya/aiee iineaaenoaee
ia?aoiaea e ?uieo. Ionthaea aicieeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue nenoaiu
nioeeaeueiie caueou iieiaeaaee. Aa oeaeue – iiii/ue iieiaeui ethaeyi
ia?anoe /oanoai nianoaaiiiai aeinoieinoaa, aa?o a naie neeu, aeaeaiea
nianoaaiiui o?oaeii aeiaeoueny eo/oae aeecie, a ia ianneaii iaeeaeaoue
aa (11;123-132). Caei?iaue /aeiaae ioaeaeaaony ia oieueei e ia noieueei
a nioeeaeueiie caueoa, neieueei a i?aaeinoaaeaiee aio aiciiaeiinoe
naiiii?aaeaeeoueny, naiiooaa?aeeoueny. Iiyoiio nioeeaeueioth caueoo
iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue a /aou?ao aniaeoao:
caueoa naiiai i?ioeanna oi?ie?iaaiey e ?acaeoey ee/iinoe iieiaeiai
/aeiaaea,
caueoa n?aaeu oi?ie?iaaiey e ?acaeoey ee/iinoe,
caueoa i?aa iieiaeiai /aeiaaea,
oeaeaaay nioeeaeueiay caueoa.
Iaiaoiaeeiinoue nioeeaeueiie caueou iniciaee a iaoae ?anioaeeea.
Oanoue eao iacaae a Oaoa?noaia iiyaeeinue iiiyoea “nioeeaeueiay neoaeaa
aeey iieiaeaaee”. Ii oiaaea, ii neiaai Aeaoeiie (26;4) (Cai.
I?aaenaaeaoaey Ainoaea?noaaiiiai eiieoaoa ii aeaeai aeaoae e
iieiaeaaee), ai aeaao oaea auea iinoaaeaia “ieieiaeueiay noa?oiaay
iiaeaea?aeea”, a ia aanue niaeo? iaiaoiaeeiie iieiaeaaeiie iiiiue.
Oaia?ue aea a iniiao nioeeaeueiuo neoaea caeiaeaiu ia?u ii
nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneie aaeaioaoeee iiae?inoeia, ?aiiyy i?ioeeaeoeea
i?anooiiinoe, i?aaiecaoeey eeoaia iauaiey ii ianoo aeeoaeuenoaa.
Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao ii aeaeai aeaoae e iieiaeaaee ?anioaeeee
Oaoa?noai a naiae ?aaioa ii nicaeaieth e ?acaeoeth aeaiiuo neoaea
iie?aaony ia neaaeothuea iiaeaee nioeeaeueiie ?aaiou: iiiiuue aeieaeia
auoue eiiieaeniie, aeeth/ay a naay niaeaniaaiiia aeaenoaea iaaeeeia,
ineoieiaia e nioeeaeueiuo ?aaioieeia; iiiiuue aeieaeia auoue
oa??eoi?eaeueii i?eaioe?iaaia; iiaeaea?aeea ioiioaiee nio?oaeie/anoaa n
aeaenoaothuei ia aeaiiie oa??eoi?ee aeaoneeie nioeeaeueiuie,
iaaeeoeeineeie e ae?oaeie i?aaiecaoeeyie; eiioeaeaioeeaeueiinoue. Iaeiei
ec i?eia?ia iiaeao auoue eiinoeueoaoeaiue oeaio? iaaeeei-ineoieiae/aneie
iiiiue “THaaioa”. A Iaaa?aaeiuo *aeiao nioe. iaania/aieth oaeaeyaony
cia/eoaeueiia aieiaiea (26;4). Caeanue i?eiyoi iinoaiiaeaiea “I ia?ao ii
niaa?oainoaiaaieth nioeeaeueiie caueou aeaoae-ne?io e aeaoae, inoaaoeony
aac iiia/aiey ?iaeeoaeae”. Ne?iou oaeaea i?eia?aoatho i?aai ia
aanieaoiia iaaeeoeeineia ianeaaeiaaiea ii iai?aaeaieth ioaeaea iiaee e
iiia/eoaeuenoaa, ia 50-i?ioeaioioth neeaeeo ia iaaeeeaiaiou, aoaeoo
iieo/aoue aanieaoiua iooaaee a i?ioeeaeoi?ee. Ia/eiay n 1998 aiaea,
/anoe/ii aoaeoo eiiiaine?iaaoueny iaai aeeeuey e noieiinoue
eiiioiaeueiuo oneoa aeaoyi-ne?ioai e naiueyi, ainieouaathuei aeaoo e
aieaa aeaoae-ne?io. Ai?iaeneie e i?eai?iaeiue o?ainii?o oaeaea aoaeao
aeey ieo aanieaoiui.
?anniio?aiiua iai?aaeaiey iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee a iaoae ?anioaeeea
yaeythony iaeaieaa aeooaeueiuie. Iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi a
ianoiyuaa a?aiy a iaoae ?anioaeeea ia?ainoaiaiiia cia/aiea i?eia?aoatho
i?iaeaiu caiyoinoe iieiaeaaee, aa o?oaeiono?ienoai e iaania/aiea
iieiaeuo naiae aeeeueai. Nicaeaii ?yae o/?aaeaeaiee, iai?aaeaiiuo ia
nicaeaiea yooaeoeaiie nenoaiu iiaeaea?aeee iieiaeaaee. Iieiaeeoaeueiui
iiiaioii yaeyaony oaeaea oio oaeo, /oi o ian ainoaea?noai iioei ii iooe
oi?ie?iaaiey aaeeiie iiiainooiai/aoie i?ia?aiiu iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee ,
aaea nouanoaoao eii?aeeiaoeeiiiue oeaio? (AEAeAeI) e ?yae caaiueaa,
eioi?ua eiatho naith niaoeeaeecaoeeth (Iieiaeaaeiay ae?aea, aeaeiaie
eeoa “Aeie” neoaeaa nioeeaeueiie iiiiue…). Oaeie iiaeoiae niiniaai
auno?i i?eaioe?iaaoueny a eciaiythueeny neooaoeee e naiaa?aiaiii
?aaae?iaaoue ia iaa. Iaeiaei nouanoaoao ?yae i?iaeai, eioi?ua iaoatho
iieiioeaiiie ?aaeecaoeee iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee a iaoae ?anioaeeea.
I iieiaeaaee. Caeii ?anioaeeee Oaoa?noai – E.: Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao
ii aeaeai aeaoae e iieiaeaaee , 1995a.
I ?anioaeeeaineie nenoaia iienea e ananoi?iiiae iiaeaea?aeee oaeaioeeaie
iieiae?aee. Oeac I?aceaeaioa ?O io 02.03.92 ?112 // Aaaeiiinoe AN ?O
.-1992.-?4.
I ii?yaeea aaaaeaiey a aeaenoaea caeiia ?O “I iieiae?aee”. Iinoaiiaeaiea
AN io 02.03.93 // Aaaeiiinoe AN ?O.-1993.-?3.
Ia ia?aciaaiee Aineiieoaoa ii aeaeai aeaoae e iieiae?aee. Iinoaiiaeaiea
AN io 02.03.93// Aaaeiiinoe AN ?O.-1993.-?3.
I Aineiieoaoa ii aeaeai aeaoae e iieiae?aee. Iinoaiiaeaiea EI io 22 08
94 ?405 // Iieiaeaaeiue aanoiee Oaoa?noaia
(eioi?iaoeeiiii-aiaeeoe/aneee atheeaoaiue). Aui. 2.Iiae iau. ?aaeaeoeeae
I.I. Aa?eaaa.- E.: Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao ii aeaeai aeaoae e
iieiaeaaee , 1995a.
I ?ac?aaioea Ainoaea?noaaiiie ?anioaeeeaineie I?ia?aiiu “Iieiae?aeue
?O”. Iinoaiiaeaiea EI io 09.06.95 ?37// Iieiaeaaeiue aanoiee Oaoa?noaia
(eioi?iaoeeiiii-aiaeeoe/aneee atheeaoaiue). Aui. 3.Iiae iau. ?aaeaeoeeae
I.I. Aa?eaaa.- E.: Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao ii aeaeai aeaoae e
iieiaeaaee , 1995a.
I ninoiyiee e ia?ao ii i?ioeeaeoeea e i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiee i?aaiii?ooaiee
n?aaee nooaeai/aneie iieiae?aee. Iinoaiiaeaiea EI io 10.07.95 ?447 //
Iieiaeaaeiue aanoiee Oaoa?noaia (eioi?iaoeeiiii-aiaeeoe/aneee
atheeaoaiue). Aui. 3.Iiae iau. ?aaeaeoeeae I.I. Aa?eaaa.- E.:
Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao ii aeaeai aeaoae e iieiaeaaee , 1995a.
Ia ooaa?aeaeaiee iieiaeaiey i ainoaea?noaaiiie oeiainiaie iiaeaea?aeee
aeayoaeueiinoe aeaoneeo e iieiae?aeiuo iauanoaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee e
iauaaeeiaiee. Iinoaiiaeaiea EI 10.07.95 ?452// Iieiaeaaeiue aanoiee
Oaoa?noaia (eioi?iaoeeiiii-aiaeeoe/aneee atheeaoaiue). Aui. 5.Iiae iau.
?aaeaeoeeae I.I. Aa?eaaa.- E.: Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao ii aeaeai aeaoae
e iieiaeaaee , 1996a.
Ia ooaa?aeaeaiee iiiaieeaoo?u o/?aaeaeaiee i?aaiia ii aeaeai aeaoae e
iieiae?aee. Iinoaiiaeaiea EI io 25.09.97 ?727 // Eiiiuethoa?iay i?aaiaay
nenoaia “Eiinoeueoaio iethn”.
I ia?ao ii iiaeaioiaea aeieeaaea i iieiaeaiee iieiae?aee ?O a 1996.
?anii?yaeaiea EI io 04.04.97 ?225-? // Eiiiuethoa?iay i?aaiaay nenoaia
“Eiinoeueoaio iethn”.
Nioeeieiaey iieiae?aee.//O/aai.iiniaea.-I.:1996a.
Nioeeaeueiay caueoa iieiaeaaee: aii?inu oai?ee e i?aeoeee./Ioa. ?aae.
A.O. Eenianeee.- I.:1993a.
Oai?ey e i?aeoeea nioeeaeueiie ?aaiou. Ioa/anoaaiiue e ca?oaaaeiue
iiuo./Ioa. ?aae. O.O. ss?eeia. A 2o. o. 1-2.-I.:1993a.
Oa?ia? I. ?aoeeiiaeueiue auai?: oai?ey e i?aeoeea. – Iieen .-?3.-N.57.
Oaeueaeiai ?. Iieiaeaaeue e nioeeaeueiua neoaeau. Yioeeeeiiaaeey
nioeeaeueiie ?aaiou. Ia?aaiae n aiae. A 3 o. o.2.- I.: 1994a.
Oa?oeoei I.O. // Iieen.- 1994.- ?6.
Iieiaeaaeue a oneiaeyo nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoi?i.// Iaoa?eaeu
iaaeaeoia?iaeiie iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneie eiioa?aioeee. Aui. 1-2./ Iao/i.
?aae. A.O. Eenianeee.- NIa.:1995a.
Iaoa?eaeu Ana?inneeneie iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneie eiioa?aioeee “Iao/iia
iaania/aiea ainoaea?noaaiiie iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee”.// 23-24 iiya?y
1995a. – E.: Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao ii aeaeai aeaoae e iieiaeaaee ,
1996a. – 74 n.
*Iaoa?eaeu iaae?anioaeeeaineie iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneie eiioa?aioeee
“Iieiaeaiea iieiaeaaee a ?anioaeeeao ?O”. //23-24 ieoya?y 1997a. -E.:
Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao ii aeaeai aeaoae e iieiaeaaee, 1997a. – 136 n.
Iieiaeaaeiue aanoiee Oaoa?noaia (eioi?iaoeeiiii-aiaeeoe/aneee
atheeaoaiue). Aui. 5./Iiae iau. ?aaeaeoeeae I.I. Aa?eaaa.- E.:
Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao ii aeaeai aeaoae e iieiaeaaee , 1996a.- 96 n.
* Iieiaeaaeiue aanoiee Oaoa?noaia (eioi?iaoeeiiii-aiaeeoe/aneee
atheeaoaiue). Aui. 8./Iiae iau. ?aaeaeoeeae I.I. Aa?eaaa.- E.:
Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao ii aeaeai aeaoae e iieiaeaaee , 1998a.- 96 n.
Iieiaeaaeue Oaoa?noaia: aeeiaieea nioeeaeueiiai noaoona. Aui.3./Iiae
iau. ?aaeaeoeeae I.I. Aa?eaaa – E.: Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao ii aeaeai
aeaoae e iieiaeaaee , 1995a. – 54 n.
Iniiaiua iieacaoaee yeiiiieee ?anioaeeee Oaoa?noai.(yiaa?ue-ethiue
1995a.).-Eacaiue.-1995a.- 43n.
Iieiaeaiea iieiaeaaee a ?anioaeeea Oaoa?noai./ Iiae iau ?aaeaeoeeae I.I.
Aa?eaaa – E.: Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao ii aeaeai aeaoae e iieiaeaaee ,
1997a. – 142 n.
Iieeoe/aneay nioeeaeecaoeey iieiaeaaee ?anioaeeee Oaoa?noai./ na?ey
“Iieiaeaaeue Oaoa?noaia”. Aui. 3./ Iiae iau. ?aaeaeoeeae I.I. Aa?eaaa –
E.: Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao ii aeaeai aeaoae e iieiaeaaee , 1995a. – 44
n.
Nioeeieoeueoo?iue e eioaeeaeooaeueiue noaoon iieiaeaaee a ?anioaeeea
Oaoa?noai. Aui. 6./ Iiae iau. ?aaeaeoeeae I.I. Aa?eaaa – E.:
Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao ii aeaeai aeaoae e iieiaeaaee ,-1995a. – 36 n.
A?aiy e Aeaiueae.- 1996.- ? 61.
A?aiy e Aeaiueae.- 1997.- ? 54.
Aii?inu yeiiiieee. – 1995.- ? 9.
Eacaineea aaaeiiinoe.- 1995.- 18 yiaa?y.
Iieiaeaaeue Oaoa?noaia. -1995.- 27 yiaa?y.
Iieiaeaaeue Oaoa?noaia. -1995.- ? 5.
Iieiaeaaeue Oaoa?noaia. -1996.- ? 3.
Iieiaeaaeue Oaoa?noaia. -1997.- 21 ia?oa.
Iieiaeaaeue Oaoa?noaia. -1997.- 10 ai?aey.
Iieiaeaaeue Oaoa?noaia. -1997.- 1 iay.
Iieiaeaaeue Oaoa?noaia. -1996.- ?9
?anioaeeea Oaoa?noai. – 1996.- 15 iiya?y.
?anioaeeea Oaoa?noai. – 1997.- 9 iay.
?anioaeeea Oaoa?noai. – 1996.- 28 aeaeaa?y.
?inneeneay aacaoa. – 1997.- 25 ieoya?y.
Iacaaeneiay aacaoa.-1997.-22 yiaa?y.
I?EEIAEAIEss
PRIVATE I?ANN-OeAIO?
AINOAeA?NOAAIIIAI NIAAOA
?ANIOAEEEE OAOA?NOAI
Oae. 64-13-83, 36-81-94, oaen 36-81-14,
e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Iineaiea i?aceaeaioa Oaoa?noaia Ieioeia?a Oaeieaaa Ainoaea?noaaiiiio
niaaoo
AeOOIAIUE IIOAIOeEAE OAOA?NOAIA: NINOIssIEA E IOOE ?ACAEOEss
Aeaaaeoeaoue aae i?eian iaoae no?aia eieinnaeueiue nioeeaeueiue e
iieeoe/aneee iiuo. Yoa yiioa noaea iiaeeeiiui eniuoaieai aeey aeooiaiie
nouiinoe ia?iaeia Oaoa?noaia.
Naaiaeiy iu oaaaeaeaiu: yiioa ?aaiethoeee e aiei, /aeiaa/aneeo
no?aaeaiee e aea?oa aeieaeia caaa?oeoueny.
Anooiay a OO1 aae, iauanoai aeieaeii anoaoue ia iooue iiaeeeiiie
aeooiaiinoe, oeaeinoiiai e aa?iiie/iiai ?acaeoey /aeiaaea, iie?aynue ia
iiiaiiaoeeiiaeueioth eoeueoo?o ia?iaeia, ie?iaie iiuo. Oai aieaa, /oi
naaiaeiy aicieeee aeaaii?eyoiua i?aaeiinueee a iieeoe/aneie iaeanoe aeey
ea/anoaaiiiai i?aia?aciaaiey iauanoaaiiie aeecie ?anioaeeee. Iu iaycaiu
eo iieiioeaiii eniieueciaaoue.
Naaiaeiyoiea ia?aiaiu a iauanoaa, aaconeiaii, iinyo oi?iaoeeiiiue
oa?aeoa?. ?aaeeeaeueii iaiythony eae niinia iaoa?eaeueiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa, oae e i?aaeiee oei aeooiaiinoe. Yoi aaaeao e
cia/eoaeueiui eciaiaieyi a niciaiee e ineoieiaee ioaeaeueiiai /aeiaaea,
anao nioeeaeueiuo a?oii, ia?iaea a oeaeii. Eciaiaiey yoe ianoieueei
aaeeee, /oi ?yae nioeeaeueii-aeaiia?aoe/aneeo a?oii ia oniaaatho ca
ieie: iie aua aeaeyo naay aeeaoueie a “ianeieueei aeaeieciaieaoainy
NNN?”, iuneyo ii?ie en/acioaoeie eaoaai?eyie.
I?iecioae eae au ?ac?ua a oaiiao ia?aiai: ia i?aeoeea e a niciaiee.
?acoeueoao i/aaeaeai: a iaiaeie noaiaie neiii?iiaoe?iaaiu iiceoeaiua ii
naiae nooe eaeae aeaiie?aoee, eioi?ay aeey aieueoeinoaa iuia
annioeee?oaony n oainii e ?ac?ooie. Neiii?iiaoe?iaaii ai iiiaii e
ae?oaia aeinoeaeaiea ?aoi?i – naiaiaea, eioi?ay ii?aaeaeaiiie /anoueth
ianaeaiey auea aini?eiyoa eae “anaaeicaieaiiinoue”, naiaaieea, i?aaiaie
aani?aaeae.
Iiyoiio naaiaeiy naiay aeaaiay i?iaeaia – ia iiaeieoe e a?aie, ca
eioi?ie ia/eiaaony aeaa?aaeaoeey iaoeee. Ia aa au?iaeaeaiea “?aaioatho”
iiiaea oaeoi?u: yeiiiie/aneee, yeieiae/aneee, nioeeaeueiue,
aeaiia?aoe/aneee. I?aaenoieo ia?iiiay ?aaioa ii noaaeeecaoeee neooaoeee
a aeooiaiie iaeanoe.
Eiaiii iiyoiio io niioaaonoaothueo ieienoa?noa e aaaeiinoa, io
?aaioieeia nioeeaeueiie noa?u iu aeaeai ia eioi?iaoeee i eiee/anoaaiiuo
iieacaoaeyo, a niiniaiinoe aicaeaenoaiaaoue ia ea/anoaaiiua eciaiaiey a
niciaiee /aeiaaea.
A iuiaoieo iai?inouo oneiaeyo iaiaoiaeeii iaania/eoue i?aainoaaiiinoue e
niaio iieieaiee, i?aanoaaiiuo ii?i e i?eioeeiia, iiaeaeae iuoeaiey e
iiaaaeaiey, nicaeaoue oneiaey aeey naiaiaeiiai ?acaeoey eaaeaeie
ee/iinoe e aeeciaoai?/anoaa iauanoaa a oeaeii. Naaiaeiy e?aeia aaaeii,
/oiau eaaeaeue aeeoaeue Oaoa?noaia iuouae naay a?aaeaeaieiii, aeoiathuei
ia oieueei i naaa, ii e niiniaiii ia?aaiiaeooii iuneeoue i naiai naea,
naiai ai?iaea, i ?anioaeeea.
I?e yoii iu aeieaeiu iiiieoue i iaaeaaiai a?aiaeeiciii yenia?eiaioa ii
oi?ie?iaaieth oae iacuaaaiiai “niaaoneiai /aeiaaea”, iieiaeeoaeueiue e
io?eoeaoaeueiue aeeaae eioi?iai a “nioeeaeueioth iaoa?eth” iaoaai
iauanoaa aua i?aaenoieo ii?aaeaeeoue. Aeaenoaeoaeueii, “iiauie”
ethaeueie iiaeii iacaaoue oieueei oao, eoi ?iaeeeny iinea ia/aea
ia?ano?ieee – ei nae/an 14-15 eao. Ana inoaeueiua yoi oa, eiai aua
iaaeaaii eiaiiaaee “niaaoneee ia?iae”. Iiiaea iaiauynieiua “oaeiu”
i?ienoiaeyuaai a ?innee, iiaeaeoe, e e?ithony a iniaaiiinoyo iuoeaiey e
iiaaaeaiey “niaaoneiai /aeiaaea”. AEaaeaea “aaniethoiie” enoeiu, iiene
“aaeeinoaaiii aa?iuo” ?aoaiee, neaiay aa?a a “aiaeaey”, iaeeaeaiea
yeiiiie/aneiai “/oaea” – iiuiue eia?oeeiiiue eiiiiiaio iaoaai
naaiaeiyoiaai niciaiey.
Niaieony, aeaeeii, ia iaeii iieieaiea, i?aaeaea /ai iu niiaeai neacaoue,
/oi noi?ie?iaaeny iiaue /aeiaae iiaiai Oaoa?noaia.
Iiyoiio oioaeinue au iniai inoaiiaeoueny ia oii aeaea
aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe iauanoaa, eioi?ia iu iiieiaai eae aeooiaiia
i?iecaiaenoai, eae i?ioeann oai?aiey eaeae, ciaiee, ooaeiaeanoaaiiuo
oeaiiinoae e anaai oiai, /oi iiiiaaao /aeiaaeo e iauanoao aeeoue.
Iu aiai?ei i oii, /oi noa?ua oeaiiinoe ?ac?ooaiu, iiaua oieueei
oi?ie?othony. Ii aii?in “?aaee /aai, ai eiy /aai y aeeao?” inoaeny e aei
neo ii? aieioao eaaeaeiai ec ian. Ia ionoonoaeai ee aieueoeo oeaeae e
eaeae iauyniyaony caiauaiea niciaiey ieceeie e ieciaiiuie iio?aaiinoyie?
Iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea oiio – i?ia?anne?othuaa ?ani?ino?aiaiea ia?eiiaiee,
NIEAea. A aaea aea ?aaeecaoeey eaeae caei?iaiai ia?aca aeecie? Iu
aiai?ei ia aioeiao?eioecia, caiaaeie/anoaa. A aaea aea iaoe eneiiiua
aeooiaiua oeaiiinoe? Oae iaae /ai e eae ?aaioatho ieienoa?noaa e
aaaeiinoaa, ioaa/athuea ca oece/aneia e aeooiaiia caei?iauea iaoeee?
Aaconeiaii, iaiaoiaeeiu ei?aiiua eciaiaiey a iiaeoiaeao e ?aaeecaoeee
nioeeaeueiie iieeoeee. Iai ioaeii ia noieueei iiaeaea?aeaiea nenoaiu
eiio?iey iaae aeooiaii-i?aanoaaiiuie, nioeeaeueiuie i?ioeannaie a
iauanoaa, neieueei ia?aueaaiea oaoiieiaee yooaeoeaiiai eioi?ie?iaaiey
ianaeaiey i nouiinoe ainoaea?noaaiiie iieeoeee: naaiaeiy ia?iae
no?aaeaao ia oieueei io yeiiiie/aneeo i?iaeai, ii oaeaea e io oiai, /oi
aio ia oaaoaao ciaiee i nooe i?ienoiaeyueo ia?aiai, e, iiaeaeoe, aeaaea
io iaaeinoaoea iiauo ea/anoa oa?aeoa?a, eioi?uo o?aaoao aeeciue.
Ieienoa?noaa e aaaeiinoaa iiae/an aini?eieiatho naith ?aaioo aanueia
ocei e iainiaeaiii. Eciaiaiey aea nioeeaeueii-aeooiaiie neooaoeee a
?anioaeeea o?aaotho io i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey
aaeoi/eaiai aiaeeca i?ienoiaeyuaai, naiaa?aiaiiie e aaeaeaaoiie ?aaeoeee
e niaianoiie ?aaiou ii ?aaeecaoeee eiioeaioeee aeooiaiiai ?acaeoey
/aeiaaea.
Eaaeaeue ec ian iiieiaao, /oi iao ie/aai aieaa oeaiiiai ia caiea, /ai
caei?iauea e aeeciue /aeiaaea, eioi?ay ii i?aao yaeyaony noa?ie
iaoeeiiaeueiie aaciianiinoe ainoaea?noaa.
A ?anioaeeea aeaeaaony iaiaei a yoie iaeanoe: iieo/eee ?acaeoea
nia?aiaiiua iaaeeoeeineea oaoiieiaee a ai?iaea e ia naea, a?a/ai
nicaeathony iiaua iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneea aiciiaeiinoe aeey
yooaeoeaiiai o?oaea. Iaoaio iaae?aaeiiaeueiiio eeeieei-aeeaaiinoe/aneiio
oeaio?o iao ?aaiuo a ?innee. Ca iineaaeiea aiaeu aaaaeai a no?ie ?yae
e?oiiuo ea/aaiuo eiiieaenia ?anioaeeeaineiai o?iaiy, oeaio?aeueiua
?aeiiiua aieueieoeu, ?anoe?eeanue naoue naiaoi?eaa e i?ioeeaeoi?eaa.
Noi?ie?iaaeenue oeaio?u iauae oe?o?aee, o?ainieaioaoeee i?aaiia e
oeaiae, “eneonnoaaiiay ii/ea” e ae?. Iaiaei naeaeaii e a iaeanoe
i?ioeeaeoeee e ea/aiey iieieiae/aneeo caaieaaaiee. Iaeiaei, ia oiia
?anoouaai ?inoa iieicaaieaaaiee, eiaaea eie no?aaeaao eaaeaeue
ainueieaeanyoue aeeoaeue ?anioaeeee, eiathuayny aaca yaii iaaeinoaoi/ia.
Iiyoiio iu e aeaeueoa aeieaeiu nio?aiyoue ainoaea?noaaiiia
cae?aaiio?aiaiea e ia aeiionoeoue aai iieiie eiiia?oeeaeecaoeee. Iiaiio
ninoaao Ainoaea?noaaiiiai Niaaoa niaianoii n Eaaeiaoii Ieieno?ia
i?aaenoieo i?eiyoue iaeao ia?, aa?aioe?othueo iaiaoiaeeiue iaai?
aanieaoiie iaaeeoeeineie e eaea?noaaiiie iiiiue ianaeaieth. Aeaaiie
caaea/ae, ii-i?aaeiaio, inoaaony i?aaiecaoeey yooaeoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey
cae?aaiio?aiaieai e iaania/aiea aeinooiiinoe iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue.
A yoii niunea, iaaeeoeeineia no?aoiaaiea, noi?ie?iaaiiia ia i?eioeeiao
aaoiiiiiinoe, aaeaeaaoiinoe oeiainiauo ?ano?nia e iauaiia iaaeeoeeineie
iiiiue, aeieaeii noaoue aa?aioii nioeeaeueiie caueou a?aaeaeai a io?aia
caei?iauey. E a yoie nayce iniaaiii aaaeii, /oiau oi, iieiaeeoaeueiia,
/oi aeaeaaony aeey ianaeaiey ?anioaeeee, auei, i?aaeaea anaai, iiiyoi e
iniciaii naiei a?aaeaeaieiii. I?aeoe/anee a yoii iai?aaeaiee ie
Ieienoa?noaii cae?aaiio?aiaiey, ie ?anioaeeeaineie aieueie/iie eannie ia
?acaa?iooa eioi?iaoeeiiiay, ?acuynieoaeueiay ?aaioa n ianaeaieai.
Iaaei ii-iiaiio iiniio?aoue ia i?iaeaio io?aiu caei?iauey ianaeaiey e
iai?aaeoue oneeey ia nio?aiaiea caei?iauey caei?iauo, ia
i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea caaieaaaiee /a?ac aeaeaeaiea e oece/aneoth
aeoeaiinoue, ia i?ioeeaeoeeo aeeiaieecia, ia?eiiaiee, ooaa?eoeaca,
NIEAea e ae?oaeo nioeeaeueii iaoneiaeaiiuo caaieaaaiee.
I?aaenoieo noi?ie?iaaoue caei?iaue nioeeaeueii-yooaeoeaiue noeeue e
ia?ac aeecie a?aaeaeai ?anioaeeee. A OO1 aae iu aeieaeiu aieoe n eaeaae
oeaiiinoe oece/aneiai e aeooiaiiai caei?iauey, iniciaiey yoiai eaaeaeui
a?aaeaeaieiii e iauanoaaiiui einoeoooii.
Aeey yoiai iio?aaothony e ii?aaeaeaiiua ainieoaoaeueiua oneeey ni
noi?iiu ainoaea?noaa. Aaaeue ia?aciaaiea e ainieoaiea – yoi n?aaenoaa, n
iiiiuueth eioi?uo ?aaeecothony ana inoaeueiua oeaee iauanoaa.
Anoanoaaiii, aac o?oaeiinoae caeanue ia iaieaeaony. Aniiiiei oioy au
noaiaea?oiua, ia o/eouaathuea niaoeeoeee ?aaeiia e eiie?aoiiai ?aaaiea,
o/aaiua ieaiu. Ia ionthaea ee iaecaeeoay oaaeiiiinoue iuoeaiey,
noa?aioeiiinoue iiaeoiaeia e ?aoaieth i?iaeai? Naaiaeiy yoo
nioeeaeueioth, eioaeeaeooaeueioth iaeiieeeinoue a iauanoaa iu aeieaeiu
i?aiaeieaoue. E a iaiaeie noaiaie /a?ac ia?aciaaiea.
Naaiaeiy iu aeaeai io iaoae nenoaiu ia?aciaaiey iiaeeueiinoe e
aaeaeaaoiinoe, ioaaoa ia caaea/e, iinoaaeaiiua iiaui yoaiii
enoi?e/aneiai ?acaeoey ?anioaeeee. Aannii?ii, ia?aciaaiiinoue e
eioaeeaeo ana aieueoa ioiinyony e ?ac?yaeo iaoeeiiaeueiuo aiaaonoa, a
aeooiaiia caei?iauea /aeiaaea, ?aciinoi?iiiinoue aai ?acaeoey, oe?ioa e
aeaeinoue i?ioanneiiaeueiie iiaeaioiaee, no?aieaiea e oai?/anoao, oiaiea
?aoaoue ianoaiaea?oiua caaea/e, i?aa?auathony a aaaeiaeoee oaeoi?
?aaeecaoeee iioaioeeaea ?anioaeeee.
Aaeeea ?ieue nenoaiu ia?aciaaiey a oe?aieaiee iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiuo
ioiioaiee. Inaiaiea ycuea – eo/oee niinia i?eiauaiey e eoeueoo?a
ae?oaiai ia?iaea. Iao/aiea a ?anioaeeea aaaeaony ia 7 ycueao, a ?onneee
e oaoa?neee, eae ainoaea?noaaiiua, eco/athony a ?aaiuo iauaiao. A yoii
anoue naie iethnu e ieionu. Oi?ioi, /oi eco/aiea oaoa?neiai ycuea
i?eia?aei anaiauee oa?aeoa?. Ii ieioi, /oi ii?ie iii aaaeaony
oi?iaeueii, a ?acoeueoaou ioeaieaathony ii aiaoiei i?eciaeai. E
niaeaeaieth, ia i?aeoeea ia anaaaea i?iyaeyaony aeaeinoue e oiieia
ioiioaiea i?e iao/aiee oaoa?neiio ycueo ?onneiycu/iuo aeaoae, /aai
aeiioneaoue ai?aaeue iu ia eiaai i?aaa, iioiio /oi ana iaeeiaeiai
ioaaonoaaiiu ca nio?aiaiea iaoeeiiaeueiiai niaeaney a ?anioaeeea.
Iaoeeiiaeueiay oeiea ia iiaeao auoue oeieie iaoeeiiaeueiie caieiooinoe,
iia aeieaeia no?ieoueny ia i?eioeeiao aaeeinoaa iaoeeiiaeueiiai,
eioa?iaoeeiiaeueiiai e iaua/aeiaa/aneiai. Acaeiiia iiciaiea, eioa?an,
iaiaauaiea ae?oa ae?oaa – aio iooue naeeaeaiey ethaeae e ia?iaeia. Oeiea
aiineo a yoi naie aeeaae, naith eaioo.
Nenoaia ia?aciaaiey ?anioaeeee niaea?aeaoaeueii ?acaeaaaony. Oe?aieyaony
iaoa?eaeueiay aaca. Oiaiueoaaony aeaooniaiiinoue caiyoee, eiee/anoai
aaooeo oeie, ?acaeaaaony aai aa?eaoeaiinoue, aiaae?ythony iiaua
iaaeaaiae/aneea oaoiieiaee.
Ieienoa?noaaie e aaaeiinoaaie ?aaeecoaony i?ia?aiia “Ia?aciaaiea e
caei?iauea oeieueieeia”, /a?ac eioi?oth ?acai?a/eaaaony ?aoaiea i?iaeai
i?aanoaaiiiai, iao?eioe/aneiai, yeiiiie/aneiai, yeieiae/aneiai
ainieoaiey oeieueieeia.
Io?aaeii, /oi naaiaeiy iauanoai ia/eiaao iniciaaaoue oeaiiinoue naiuee,
aa aunieoth ?ieue a noaiiaeaiee ee/iinoe, oi?ie?iaaiee aeooiaiiai e
oece/aneiai caei?iauey. Ia caauaay i iiiaiaaeiauo o?aaeeoeeyo e
i?eioeeiao naiaeiiai ainieoaiey, naiuey eae ieeiaaea ioaeaeaaony a
iiiiue ineoieiaia, iaaeaaiaia, a?a/ae. I?eaioaoeey aeaoae ia iiaaaeaiea
?iaeeoaeae, eae i?eia? aeey nianoaaiiuo aeaenoaee – yoi iaeiia?aiaiii e
?aaeecaoeey ainieoaoaeueiiai iioaioeeaea naiuee. Aio ii/aio oae
i?eioeeieaeueii aaaeiu iiaaaeaiea, ia?ac iuneae e aeaenoaee ac?ineuo e a
naiuea e aia aa.
Oioy a ?anioaeeea a i?ioeii aiaeo e aic?inei eiee/anoai a?aeia ia 1200,
aeinoeaioa 21600, a oiaea a?aiy ia oiaiueoaaony eiee/anoai ?acaiaeia. Ca
?ac?ooaieai eaaeaeie naiuee – noaeueau aeaoae e i?iaeaiu, eioi?ua
i?eaeaony ?aoaoue oaea ainoaea?noao. Niioaaonoaaiii ?anoao eiee/anoai
aeaoae-ne?io, /enei aani?eci?iuo.
Neaaeoao iiaeaea?aeaoue anai iauanoaii eieoeeaoeao Ieienoa?noaa
ia?aciaaiey ia iauyaeaiee oaeouaai o/aaiiai aiaea “Aiaeii iauaaeeiaiey
ainieoaoaeueiuo oneeee naiuee e oeieu”.
Aeooaaiia aeaaiiieo/ea aeaoae, eo caei?iauea – aio /oi aeieaeii noaoue
iaoae iniiaiie caaioie. Yoi ioaeii aini?eieiaoue eae ainoaea?noaaiiue
nioeeaeueiue caeac ieienoa?noaai ia?aciaaiey e cae?aaiio?aiaiey,
Aineiieoaoo ii aeaeai aeaoae e iieiaeaaee.
Aeooa oeieu – o/eoaeue. Naaiaeiy aio ia?yaeo n oi?ioei ciaieai
i?aaeiaoa, iaoiaeeee, ethaae e aeaoyi, iaiaoiaeeiu oaeea ea/anoaa eae
oe?ieee e?oaici?, iauay eoeueoo?a, eioaeeeaaioiinoue, no?aieaiea
iinoiyiii niaa?oainoaiaaoue naia ianoa?noai. N yoiai aiaea ia/iaony
iinoaiaiiue ia?aoiae nenoaiu ia?aciaaiey ia aeaaiaaeoeaoeeaoithth oi?io
iao/aiey. Iaeuecy neacaoue, /oi yoi aoaeao eaaei naeaeaoue. Yoo caaioo
niaianoii n Ieienoa?noaii ia?aciaaiey ?anioaeeee aeieaeiu ?acaeaeyoue
aeaau ai?iaeneeo e ?aeiiiuo aaeieieno?aoeee.
Iac?aea iaiaoiaeeiinoue ?ac?aaioaoue ?anioaeeeaineoth eiioeaioeeth
?aoi?ie?iaaiey ia/aeueiiai e n?aaeiaai i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey n
oai, /oiau iii noaei aieaa aeaeei, iiiaio?iaiaaui, aaeaioe?iaaiiui e
cai?inai ?uiea o?oaea.
Iauanoai oieueei oiaaea iiaeao ?acaeaaoueny, eiaaea iii oiaao ?aaioaoue
ia ia?niaeoeao. Iu ia oieueei aeieaeiu i?aaeaeaeaoue, eaeei aoaeao
ia?aciaaiea /a?ac 25 eao, ii e aioiaeoueny e yoiio. Iiyoiio ianoaei
a?aiy i?aaiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey ?ac?aaioaoue e i?aaenoaaeoue
a Ainoaea?noaaiiue Niaao ?anioaeeeaineoth aeieo?eio ia?aciaaiey.
Ainoaea?noaaiiay iiaeaea?aeea iauaai e i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey,
nicaeaiea oneiaee aeey iiauoaiey ea/anoaa ia?aciaaiey e ainieoaiey,
nio?aiaiea e aini?iecaiaenoai eaae?ia, iiauoaiea i?anoeaea eo o?oaea,
oe?aieaiea iao/iie, eioi?iaoeeiiiie, iaoa?eaeueiie aacu aeooiaiie noa?u
– inoaaony iaeiei ec i?ei?eoaoiuo iai?aaeaiee.
I?eaeeaeathueeny iiaue aae o?aaoao e iiauo aeooiaiuo i?eaioe?ia. Ii
aeieaeai noaoue ?aoathuei yoaiii a ?acaeoee oaoa?noaineie eoeueoo?u.
Iuiaoiaa aa ninoiyiea aucuaaao iaiaeoth o?aaiao: anee, n iaeiie noi?iiu,
yoi – iaaeinoaoi/iia oeiaine?iaaiea, ieceee o?iaaiue iieaou o?oaea
oai?oeia eoeueoo?u, n ae?oaie noi?iiu, ia iaiaa o?aaiaeiia yaeaiea – yoi
– nie?auaiea iio?aaeoaeae eoeueoo?iuo aeaa.
Eioaineaiue io?ua iaoaai iieiaeiai iieieaiey io o?aaeeoeeiiiuo iniia
ioa/anoaaiiie eoeueoo?u, ia?iaeiuo o?aaeeoeee, ia?iaeiie ioae?inoe, iiae
iaii?ii eiino?aiiie, caiaaeiie ianniaie eoeueoo?u, ieceii?iaiie
eeoa?aoo?u oa?iaeaao naaiaeiy aeooiaii-i?aanoaaiiie aaciianiinoe.
Iiyoiio iniaie caaiou ni noi?iiu ainoaea?noaa e iauanoaaiiinoe
caneoaeeaaao eoeueoo?a n aa iaiin?aaenoaaiiie i?eaioe?iaaiiinoueth ia
/aeiaaea, aeecinoueth e aai iianaaeiaaiui ioaeaeai e cai?inai. Iu
aeieaeiu iaania/eoue anaio ianaeaieth aeinooi e eoeueoo?iui oeaiiinoyi
ca n/ao oe?aieaiey eio?ano?oeoo?u eoeueoo?u ia naea. Ieienoa?noao
eoeueoo?u neaaeoao ainnoaiaaeeaaoue e ?acaeaaoue nenoaio
ooaeiaeanoaaiii-ia?aciaaoaeueiie ?aaiou o/?aaeaeaiee eoeueoo?u e
eneonnoaa n iiae?anoathuei iieieaieai, nicaeaaaoue oneiaey aeey
naiaiaeiiai ?acaeoey oai?/aneie ee/iinoe. Iiaeaea?aeea oaeaioeeaie
iieiaeaaee aeieaeia noaoue iieeoeeie ainoaea?noaa.
Yoe e ?yae ae?oaeo aeeaio?aiauoueo aeey ?aaioieeia eoeueoo?u aii?inia
iiaeieiaeenue a oiaea i?ioaaeoeo a i?ioeii aiaeo nuacaeia
?anioaeeeaineeo oai?/aneeo nithcia: ienaoaeae, ooaeiaeieeia,
eiiiiceoi?ia. Aeoiaaony, /oi Eaaeiaoo Ieieno?ia o?aaoaony aieaa iieii
i?eaeaeaoue iioaioeeae aeaiiuo nithcia aeey ?aoaiey e?oiiuo
?anioaeeeaineeo i?iaeai, aeey niceaeaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Yoi oai
aieaa aaaeii, /oi iicaieeo iiaeiyoue aaoi?eoao ?aaioieeia noa?u
eoeueoo?u ca n/ao niaianoiuo oneeee ainoaea?noaa e oai?/aneie
iauanoaaiiinoe.
Iaiaoiaeeii ainnoaiiaeoue a i?aaao oai?/aneee o?oae, ia?aoeoue iniaia
aieiaiea ia oai?oeia eoeueoo?u. A nayce n yoei aaaeiaeoeie iai?aaeaieyie
aeieaeiu noaoue oi?ie?iaaiea ainoaea?noaaiiie nenoaiu iiaeaea?aeee
oai?/aneeo aeayoaeae, iiauoaiea iauanoaaiiie ?iee ?aaioieeia eoeueoo?u,
iaania/aiea nioeeaeueiie e i?aaie caueou einoeoooia eoeueoo?u e eo
?aaioieeia, inouanoaeaiea iieeoeee i?ioaeoeeiiecia ii ioiioaieth e
ioa/anoaaiiiio eneonnoao.
Iu aeieaeiu naeaeaoue ana, /oiau nio?aieoue iaoa iaoeeiiaeueiia
naiaia?acea. Oneeey e n?aaenoaa, aeiaeaiiua naaiaeiy a ia?aciaaiea e
eoeueoo?o /aeiaaea, caao?a i?eianoo iauanoao iaeaieueoea aeeaeaeaiaeu.
Iaoa iieeoeea a aeooiaiie noa?a aeieaeia aeaaii?eyonoaiaaoue nicaeaieth
iaiaoiaeeiuo oneiaee aeey ?aaiiia?iiai, iieiie?iaiiai ?acaeoey anao
iaoeeiiaeueiuo eoeueoo?, aeeaeiaa iieieaiee, aeey nio?aiaiey e ?acaeoey
aiaaoaeoaai oece/aneiai, ia?aciaaoaeueiiai, eoeueoo?iiai ianeaaeey
ia?iaeia Oaoa?noaia.
Ana yoi – eeoue iniiaiua, iaiaoiaeeiua i?aaeiinueee iaoaai aeooiaiiai
?inoa. Eo ieii/aoaeueiia oi?ie?iaaiea – ianouiay caaea/a aeey
?oeiaiaenoaa ?anioaeeee. Iaeiaei i?ioeann yoio, eae iu aeaeei,
iai?inoie. Anai, eiia/ii, oioaeinue au, /oiau ii i?ioae aacaieaciaiii e
auno?i, auno?aa, /ai yoi iauaeoeaii aiciiaeii.
Nia?aiaiiay ?aeeaeiciay neooaoeey e oaiaeaioeey ?acaeoey
ainoaea?noaaiii-eiioanneiiaeueiuo ioiioaiee oa?aeoa?ecothony oaeeie
yaeaieyie, eae aic?anoaiea aeeyiey ?aeeaee e aa einoeoooia ia
iauanoaaiii-iieeoe/aneoth e aeooiaioth aeeciue iauanoaa, ?anoe?aiea
noa?u aeayoaeueiinoe ?aeeaeiciuo i?aaiecaoeee. I?eiyoue a i?ioeii aiaeo
?anioaeeeaineee Caeii “I naiaiaea niaanoe e i ?aeeaeiciuo iauaaeeiaieyo”
caeiaeee iaaeaaeioth caeiiiaeaoaeueioth aaco aeey yooaeoeaiiai ?aoaiey
i?iaeai, eiathueony ai acaeiiioiioaieyo ainoaea?noaa e ?aeeaeiciuo
iauaaeeiaiee. Yoi, i?aaeaea anaai, oneeaiea iiceoeee i?aaiia aeanoe e
oi?aaeaiey ii ?yaeo iai?aaeaiee aeayoaeueiinoe ?aeeaeiciuo i?aaiecaoeee,
iniaaiii ii aii?inai ?aeeaeiciiai ia?aciaaiey. Niauoey ieioaoaai aiaea
naeaeaoaeuenoaotho i oii, /oi i?e iaaeinoaoi/iii eiio?iea ni noi?iiu
ainoaea?noaa, o/?aaeaeaiey ?aeeaeiciiai ia?aciaaiey iiaoo auoue
eniieueciaaiu aeey oi?ie?iaaiey o o/aueony iaae?ana ?aaeeeaeueiuo eaeae,
ianiaianoeiuo n enoi?e/anee neiaeeaoeieny ?aeeaeiciuie o?aaeeoeeyie
iiiaiiaoeeiiaeueiiai ia?iaea Oaoa?noaia.
Ian aaniieiyo e eiathueany oaeou ia?ooaiey aeaenoaothuaai
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ni noi?iiu iaeioi?uo i?ioanoaioneeo e i?aaineaaiuo
i?aaiecaoeee. Aeey iaaeiiouaiey iiaeiaiuo oaeoia iaiaoiaeeii iaania/eoue
aieaa /aoeoth eii?aeeiaoeeth aeaenoaee caeioa?aniaaiiuo ieienoa?noa e
aaaeiinoa ii io?aia iauanoaa io ?aeeaeiciiai yeno?aiecia e
?ani?ino?aiaiey ?aeeaee iin?aaenoaii ianeeey e ineoe/aneiai aeaaeaiey.
Aeayoaeueiinoue n?aaenoa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee ?anioaeeee a iineaaeiea
aiaeu ?acaeaaaony, eae i?aaeei, ia iniiaa aeaiie?aoe/aneiai,
oeeaeeeciaaiiiai iiaeoiaea e inaauaieth nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneeo
i?aia?aciaaiee, iauanoaaiii-iieeoe/aneeo niauoee e aicieeathueo a nayce
n ieie i?iaeai e neooaoeee.
N?aaenoaa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee naaiaeiy noaee aeaenoaaiiui eino?oiaioii
nicaeaiey a?aaeaeaineiai iauanoaa, ia?aee a?iiaaeioth aeanoue iaae oiaie
e aeooaie ieeeeiiia ethaeae. Auiieiyy eioi?iaoeeiiioth ooieoeeth, iie
yaeythony i?e yoii e eaiaeii iauanoaaiiiai iiaiey, e n?aaenoaii aai
oi?ie?iaaiey, e eino?oiaioii nioeeaeueiiai eiio?iey a?aaeaeaineiai
iauanoaa iaae aeanoueth e ainoaea?noaii. Caiaoai iiai?io NIE e
nioeeaeueiie i?iaeaiaoeea, /oi caeiiiia?ii: naia aeeciue o?aaoao oiai,
yeiiiieea noaiiaeony nioeeaeueii i?eaioe?iaaiiie.
Iao ie iaeiiai aeiy, /oiau ethaee ia ia?auaeenue e NIE.
Aino?aaiaaiiinoue aeo?iaeenoneie i?iaeoeoeee ?anoao, e yoi,
niioaaonoaaiii aiceaaaao aieueooth ioaaonoaaiiinoue ia oao, eoi ?aaioaao
a noa?a i?iecaiaenoaa eioi?iaoeee. AEo?iaeenoeea aeieaeia iaeaaeaoue
aeiaa?eai iauanoaa, aanoe iiene enoeiu e i?aaaeu a ethaii aeaea, a ia
iaaycuaaoue naie ioeaiee. A oi aea a?aiy i?aanoaaiiua ii?iu iauanoaa
ii?aaeaeytho e ii?iu aeo?iaeenoeee.
Ecae?aoaeueiay eaiiaiey 1999 aiaea iieacaea, /oi NIE Oaoa?noaia aieaa
eiino?oeoeaii, iauaeoeaii e ioaaonoaaiii ioianeenue e yoiio aaaeiiio
iieeoe/aneiio niauoeth. A ioee/ea io iiiaeo oaaea?aeueiuo NIE ia auei a
oie noaiaie aieiu eiii?iiaoia, ia?aaea?aeaaiey oaeoia e niauoee,
iaieioee?iaaiey iauanoaaiiui iiaieai. Oi/aony iaaeayoueny, /oi oae
aoaeao e a aoaeouai.
Aaaeiaeoae caaea/ae yaeyaony iaeaieaa iieiia eniieueciaaiea eiathuaainy
iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai iioaioeeaea ?anioaeeee. N yoie oeaeueth a 1999 aiaeo
auea nicaeaia I?aaeoaeuenoaaiiay eiienney ii iao/ii-oaoie/aneie e
eiiiaaoeeiiiie iieeoeea. Iu iaeeaeaai io yoie eiiennee inouanoaeaiey
acaeiiaeaenoaey ?anioaeeeaineeo e oaaea?aeueiuo i?aaiia aeey ?aaeecaoeee
aaeeiie ainoaea?noaaiiie iieeoeee a iao/ii-oaoie/aneie, i?iiuoeaiiie e
eiiiaaoeeiiiie noa?ao.
Ia iniiaa eiioeaioeee ?acaeoey iaoee a ?anioaeeea Oaoa?noai Aeaaeaiey
iaoe Oaoa?noaia n i?eaea/aieai o/aiuo e niaoeeaeenoia IEE, aocia,
ieienoa?noa e aaaeiinoa aeieaeia ?ac?aaioaoue ?anioaeeeaineoth I?ia?aiio
ii ?acaeoeth i?ei?eoaoiuo iai?aaeaiee iaoee ia 2001-2005 aiaeu.
I?e eniieueciaaiee iaoa?eaeia nnueea ia naeo “Iiainoe ec Eacaie”
iaycaoaeueia
Iaioeu euoo, /ai iiii/ue iieiaeaaee
Anth i?ioeoth iaaeaeth aeaeaaaoeey Caiaeueiiai iauaaeeiaiey AWO
Aethnnaeueaei?o (Aa?iaiey), i?eaoaaoay a Eacaiue 10 ieoya?y, iinayoeea
eco/aieth naoe nioeeaeueiie caueou aeaoae e iieiaeaaee a Oaoa?noai.a Yoi
oaea ia ia?aue neo/ae iaiaia iiuoii iaoeo ?aaioieeia nioeeaeueiie noa?u
ni niaoeeaeenoaie ec Aa?iaiee, iaeiaei iaaeayoueny ia eaeoth-oi
eiie?aoioth iiiiuue io caa?aie/iuo iinaoeoaeae iieiaeaaee Oaoa?noaia ia
noieo, iineieueeo auynieeinue, /oi ?acaeoea noa?u nioeeaeueiie iiiiue a
Aa?iaiee e o ian eaeao a niaa?oaiii ?aciuo iai?aaeaieyo. I?aaaea, oeaeue
iaeia e oa aea – iaeoe iaoiaeu ineoieiae/aneiai e ii?aeueiiai
icaei?iaeaiey iiae?anoathuaai iieieaiey, i /ai e aiai?eeinue ia
i?ann-eiioa?aioeee, i?ioaaeoae a i?ioeoth iyoieoeo a Aineiieoaoa ?O ii
aeaeai aeaoae e iieiaeaaee.
THeey AANIAEIAA, “AeAe”
Ca a?aiy i?aauaaiey a ?anioaeeea iaiaoeeay aeaeaaaoeey iiauaaea a
/aeieineii aeaoneii aeiia niaoaiiiai oeia, ineoieiai-iaaeaaiae/aneii
oeaio?a Ieaeiaeainea “Yeain”, iiciaeiieeanue n ?aaioie i?ionithciiai
eiieoaoa ia IAI “EAC” e annioeeaoeee eiaaeeaeia. A iauai, i?ia?aiia auea
aeinoaoi/ii ianuuaiiie e, aeaaiia, iiaea iicaieeoue i?aaenoaaeoaeyi
aeaeaaaoeee a ei?ioeee n?ie ninoaaeoue aeinoaoi/ii iieiia i?aaenoaaeaiea
i i?iaeaiao iaoae iieiaeaaee.
Ii neiaai caianoeoaey ?oeiaiaeeoaey i?aaiecaoeee naiaeiuo iauaaeeiaiee e
naiaeiiai ia?aciaaiey AWO Aoae?oi Ceaaeue, iniiaiie oeaeueth aeceoa
noaei ?acaeoea ioiioaiee n i?aaiecaoeeyie nioeiiiiue a ?anioaeeea.
Enoaoe, ?acoeueoaou iciaeiieaiey n iiuoii iaoeo niaoeeaeenoia e oai
aieaa onoaiiaeaiea ?acee/ee iaaeaeo Aa?iaieae e Oaoa?noaiii aucaaee o
aeaeaaaoeee iaiiaeaeaeueiue eioa?an.
Iai?eia?, ?oeiaiaeeoaeue eiinoeueoaoeaiie iiiiue iieiaeaaee AWO Ieoayeue
Eeinoaaai iaoae noiaenoai a i?iaeaiao iiae?inoeia, ii n/eoaao, /oi ia
noieo n?aco eiiaoue aieiao iaae oai, eae ai?ioueny eiie?aoii n ianeeeai
e ia?eioeeaie. Ii aai iiaieth, ia/aoue ?aaioo ioaeii n i?aaiecaoeee
naiuo i?inouo eeoaia, aaea ?oeiaiaenoai e oi?aaeaiea aaee au naie
iiae?inoee. A /oi eanaaony ?aaiou nioeeaeueiie noa?u, oi, ii neiaai a-ia
Eeinoaaaia, o ian iia iaeaieaa oeaio?aeeciaaia, iaaeaee a Aa?iaiee, aaea
i?eaea?aeeaathony oe?ieie aeeooa?aioeeaoeee. Oioy a oeaeii noiaenoai,
aaconeiaii, anoue.
Ia?aoeee aeaeaaaou aieiaiea e ia ?acee/ey a oa?ieiieiaee: ieacuaaaony,
cia/aiey oao eee eiuo oa?ieiia, eniieuecoaiuo iaoeie e iaiaoeeei
niaoeeaeenoaie, ia anaaaea iaeeiaeiau. Io a oaeia iiiyoea, eae
aaeaieiaey (iaoea i caei?iauea), iiea /oi eniieuecoaony oieueei a
Oaoa?noaia.
Eioa?aniui aeey /eaiia iauanoaaiiie i?aaiecaoeee AWO yaeeny oio oaeo,
/oi a oa/aiea iaaieueoiai a?aiaie iu oaea aeiaeeenue ii?aaeaeaiiuo
iieacaoaeae ?aaiou nioeeaeueiie nenoaiu, eioi?ay ii nooe oieueei nae/an
a iieiie ia?a iieo/aao ?acaeoea. Aaaeue anee ia?aoeoueny e yoie noa?a a
Aa?iaiee, oi oai iia ?acaeaaaony oaea ia i?ioyaeaiee aieaa naieaeanyoe
eao e, eiia/ii aea, iiiaiai aeiaeeanue ca yoi a?aiy e a iauanoaaiiie
aeecie no?aiu e i?eia?aea aiaaoaeoee iiuo. E anee o i?eaueoeo e ii?yaeeo
iaioeaa ana ?aceiaeaii ii iiei/eai, oi iu, eae caiaoeea Aoae?oi Ceaaeue,
/anoi yenia?eiaioe?oai.
?oeiaiaeeoaeue iieiaeaaeiie i?aaiecaoeee ie?oaa Ieaeiee ?aei Ynnai, /eai
?oeiaiaenoaa AWO a-i ?thaeeaa? caiaoee aua oaeoth iniaaiiinoue: i/aiue
iiiaea i?iaeaiu, eioi?ua ?aoathony eo niaoeeaeenoaie n iaaeaaiae/aneie
oi/ee c?aiey, o ian iaoiaeyo ?aoaiea n oi/ee c?aiey ineoieiaee.
*oi eanaaony aii?inia iieiaeie naiuee, oi a yoii aeaea, eae auynieeinue,
?acee/ee iaaeaeo Oaoa?noaiii e Aa?iaieae oioue ioaaaeye.
– ?acee/ea anoue oaea a naiii iiaeoiaea e oa?ieio “iieiaeay naiuey”, –
aiai?eo Aoae?oi Ceaaeue. – O aan iieiaeay naiuey ii?aaeaeyaony ii
aic?anoo noi?oaia, o ian nianoaaiii ii ninoiyieth (iieiaeie naiuey
n/eoaaony ia?aua o?e aiaea iacaaeneii io aic?anoa aa /eaiia – TH.A.).
Caoai, o aan aaniethoii iao oaa?aiiinoe a aoaeouai aaoeo aeaoae, /oi
anoanoaaiii iiauoaao noaiaiue ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca eo noaeueao.
E a oi aea a?aiy a-aea Ceaaeue caiaoeea, /oi eo naiuee (y/aeee iauanoaa
eae oaeiaua) oaea ii?a au caiineoue a “E?anioth eieao”, iineieueeo
i/aiue iiiai naiae, ia ninoiyueo a ioeoeeaeueiii a?aea eee iii?inoo
aeeaoueo ?acaeaeueii. A nianoaaiii eeanne/aneay iiaeaeue naiuee
(aeaiaoua ioaoe e iaoue e eo aeaoe) – yoi eeoue iaeia iaaieueoay
ninoaaeythuay ec anao aeaeia e oi?i, eioi?uo a Aa?iaiee oaia?ue i/aiue
iiiai. Yoi niaoaiiua naiuee, aaea o eiai-ieaoaeue ec noi?oaia anoue
aeaoe io i?aaeiaai a?aea, naiuee n iaeiei ?iaeeoaeai. E ioaeaeueiie
a?oiia iiaeii ioianoe e iaeiiiieua naiuee n i?aaii ia onuiiaeaiea.
Eoi-oi oaea aiai?ee, /oi ii ninoiyieth naiuee a iauanoaa iiaeii
ii?aaeaeeoue, ianeieueei ?aoaiu i?iaeaiu aeaaininoiyiey a aeaiiie
no?aia. E eae yoi iei?enei?aii, ii e iaaeaaininoiyoaeueiia iauanoai a
yoii niunea eiaao naie ia-a-aeaiueeee iethn – eeanne/aneay naiuey, eae
y/aeea iauanoaa, ana aea eiaao a iai ianoi auoue. A anee iu
aeaenoaeoaeueii ia oaa?aiu a oii, /oi niiaeai eiaaea-ieaoaeue
iaania/eoue niieieiia nouanoaiaaiea naiae naiuea, oi ia ana ee ?aaii, a
eaeii aic?anoa caaiaeeoue oaeeo aea iaoaa?aiiuo a naiai caao?a aeaoae.
Iiyoiio iaoaeeaeoaeueii, /oi aic?ano iaoaai iauanoaa cia/eoaeueii
iieiaea, /ai a Aa?iaiee, aaea aiciiaeii a aeeaeaeoea 5-10 eao aieueoa
iieiaeiu ianaeaiey ninoaayo ethaee noa?oa oanoeaeanyoe eao. Oae /oi e
auiaaeaao ia aeieth iaoae iieiaeaaee ?anoeaauaaoue iaeaieaa ino?ua e
neiaeiua i?iaeaiu, aoaeue oi yeiiiie/aneea e ia?aciaaoaeueiua eee aea
ia?eiiaiey e NIEAe.
Iieiaeaaeiia iauaaeeiaiea a ?aieao AOIOe. I?ia?aiiiua iieiaeaiey
i?aaiecaoeee iaei /ai ioee/athony io i?ia?aiiu Anaoaoa?neiai
iauanoaaiiiai oeaio?a, ?acaa /oi aeoeaioe?iaaiu ia aeayoaeueiinoe
iieiaeaaee. Aeaiia?aoe/aneee e nioeeaeueiue ninoaa aeoeaiiai yae?a
iauaaeeiaiey aeinoaoi/ii aeaeai ia i?eia?a o/anoieeia 11 eo?oeoay
(nuacaea) “Acaoeue”, ninoiyaoaainy a 1991 a.: aei 18 eao – 24,1% anao
aeaeaaaoia, io 18 aei 22 eao – 24,8%, io 22 aei 30 eao – 40,6% noa?oa 30
eao – 10,5%; ec ieo o/aueony – 19,5%, nooaeaioia Aocia – 25,9%, o/aiuo –
23,I%, ?aai/eo – 31,6%. Ii ia?aciaaoaeueiiio ninoaao ?ani?aaeaeaiea
neaaeothuaa: aeaeaaaoia ni n?aaeiei ia?aciaaieai – 16%, ni n?aaeiei
niaoeeaeueiui ia?aciaaieai – 13,5%, n iaieii/aiiui aunoei ia?aciaaieai –
33,9%, n aunoei ia?aciaaieai – 36,6%.
I?eiyoua ia nuacaea ?aciethoeee iicaieytho noaeeoue e i oa?aeoa?a
aeayoaeueiinoe iauaaeeiaiey: “I oa??eoi?eaeueiuo i?aoaiceyo e ?onneie
eiia?ee iiae iacaaieai ?NON?”, “I aeaiia?aoe/aneie iieeoeea a
Oaoa?noaia”, “I aii?oaeaiiuo neeao Oaoa?noaia”, “I nicaeaiee Oaoa?neiai
iieiaeaaeiiai oeaio?a a Eacaie”, “I iieiaeaiee oaoa?neiai ianaeaiey a
ANN?”, “I iiaeaioiaea i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai nuacaea Eeae oth?eneie
iieiaeaaee”, “I iaiaoiaeeiinoe eciaiaiee a AOIOe”.
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