Eiieoao ii iaoea e aunoaio ia?aciaaieth
Iineianeee Ainoaea?noaaiiue Einoeooo Yeaeo?iieee e Iaoaiaoeee (OO).
Eaoaae?a “Au/eneeoaeueiua iaoeiu,
eiiieaenu, nenoaiu e naoe”.
EO?NIAAss ?AAIOA
ii eo?no “Ioeueoei?ioeanni?iua nenoaiu”.
Oaia
Niaoeeoeeaoeey iiiaii?ioeanni?iuo nenoai eiiiaiee Intel
Auiieiee nooaeaio a?oiiu N-102
Eo?aaoia E.A.
?oeiaiaeeoaeue
Aeaienia A.A.
Iiaeienue _____________________ Iiaeienue _____________________
Iineaa 1999
Niaea?aeaiea
TOC \o “1-3” Niaea?aeaiea GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228919 PAGEREF
_Toc452228919 2
Aaaaeaiea GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228920 PAGEREF _Toc452228920 3
Iaeanoue i?eiaiaiey GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228921 PAGEREF _Toc452228921
5
Iauay no?oeoo?a II-nenoaiu GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228922 PAGEREF
_Toc452228922 6
Iniiaiua eiiiiiaiou GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228923 PAGEREF _Toc452228923
7
Nenoaiiay iaiyoue. GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228924 PAGEREF _Toc452228924
8
Oeia ?anoe?aiey aaiaea-auaiaea. GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228925 PAGEREF
_Toc452228925 8
Niaoeeoeeaoeey aiia?aoiuo n?aaenoa GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228926 PAGEREF
_Toc452228926 9
Eiioeao?aoeey nenoaiiie iaiyoe. GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228927 PAGEREF
_Toc452228927 9
Eyoe?oaiinoue e aeinooiiinoue oece/aneie iaiyoe aeey i?ioeanni?ia.
GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228928 PAGEREF _Toc452228928 10
O?aaiaaiey e ?aaeecaoeee aiaoieo eyoae. GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228929
PAGEREF _Toc452228929 10
Oi?aaeaiea iaiyoueth (aeiee?iaea). GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228930 PAGEREF
_Toc452228930 10
Oii?yaei/aiea caienae a iaiyoe. GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228931 PAGEREF
_Toc452228931 11
Oi?aaeaiea i?a?uaaieyie. GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228932 PAGEREF
_Toc452228932 11
?aaeeiu i?a?uaaiey. GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228933 PAGEREF _Toc452228933
11
?ani?aaeaeaiea nenoaiu i?a?uaaiee ia eieaeueiii aeiea APIC. GOTOBUTTON
_Toc452228934 PAGEREF _Toc452228934 12
Ioia?aaeaiea iaiyoe APIC. GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228935 PAGEREF
_Toc452228935 12
Oaeia?u eioa?aaeia. GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228936 PAGEREF _Toc452228936
13
Iiaeaea?aeea ia?acaa?ocee. GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228937 PAGEREF
_Toc452228937 13
Oaaeeoeu eiioeao?aoeee II-nenoai GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228938 PAGEREF
_Toc452228938 14
No?oeoo?a oeacaoaey ia?aoiaeia. GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228939 PAGEREF
_Toc452228939 14
Oaaeeoea eiioeao?aoeee II-nenoaiu. GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228940 PAGEREF
_Toc452228940 14
Ooieoeee BIOS a II-nenoaia. GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228941 PAGEREF
_Toc452228941 15
Oieoeoee?iaaiiua IN iiaiai iieieaiey aeey SMP-nenoai GOTOBUTTON
_Toc452228942 PAGEREF _Toc452228942 15
Iiiaicaaea/iinoue. GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228943 PAGEREF _Toc452228943
16
Iiiaiiioieiaay a?oeoaeoo?a. GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228944 PAGEREF
_Toc452228944 17
Neiiao?e/iua iiiaii?ioeanni?iua SMP-nenoaiu GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228945
PAGEREF _Toc452228945 18
Neeueiinaycaiiay iiiaii?ioeanni?iay ia?aaioea. GOTOBUTTON
_Toc452228946 PAGEREF _Toc452228946 18
Noaiaea?oecaoeey iiiaii?ioeanni?iie ia?aaioee. GOTOBUTTON
_Toc452228947 PAGEREF _Toc452228947 19
Oieoeoee?iaaiiua IN iiaiai iieieaiey. GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228948
PAGEREF _Toc452228948 20
Auaiaeu GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228949 PAGEREF _Toc452228949 21
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u GOTOBUTTON _Toc452228950 PAGEREF _Toc452228950
22
Aaaaeaiea
I?aaeeiaeaiiay eiiiaieae Intel niaoeeoeeaoeey iiiaii?ioeanni?iuo (II)
nenoai (MPS – Multiprocessor Specification V. 1.1) ii?aaeaeyao
aeiiieiaiey e noaiaea?oo, eniieuecoaiiio i?iecaiaeeoaeyie eiiiuethoa?ia
i?e i?iaeoe?iaaiee DOS-niaianoeiuo nenoai. Iia?aoeeiiiua nenoaiu,
?ann/eoaiiua ia iiiaii?ioeanni?ioth n?aaeo, iicaieyo caioneaoue a ?aaioo
II-nenoaiu, niaianoeiua n yoie niaoeeoeeaoeeae, aac aeiiieieoaeueiie
iano?ieee. Niaoeeoeeaoeey i?eaioe?iaaia ia ?ac?aaio/eeia
?N/AO-niaianoeiuo II-ieaooi?i ia iniiaa a?oeoaeoo? i?ioeanni?ia e
eiio?ieea?ia APIC (Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller) eiiiaiee
Intel. Oa?iei «?N/AO-niaianoeiue» eniieuecoaony a aeaiiie ?aaioa /oiau
oa?aeoa?eciaaoue eiiiiiaiou, aeaeeiua (aeinooiiuo) aeey i?ia?aiiiuo
n?aaenoa.
Aeaaiay oeaeue niaoeeoeeaoeee — ii?aaeaeeoue noaiaea?oiue eioa?oaen aeey
II-ieaooi?i, eioi?ue iicaieeo ?anoe?eoue iaeanoue i?eiaiaiey
?N/AO-ieaooi?i ii n?aaiaieth n o?aaeeoeeiiiuie iaeiii?ioeanni?iuie
ieaooi?iaie, a oi aea a?aiy nio?aiyy iieioth niaianoeiinoue n PC/AT ia
o?iaia i?ia?aii.
Iaee/ea niaoeeoeeaoeee iicaieeo nicaeaaaoue ?aai/ea noaioeee aunieiai
eeanna e na?aa?u ianooaaa i?aaei?eyoey n oi?ioei ioiioaieai
«oeaia/i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue» e n aiciiaeiinoueth eniieiaiey anao
nouanoaothueo i?ia?aii aeey IE, a oaeaea noi?ie?oao ooiaeaiaio aeey
i?ia?aiiiuo iaeaoia aeey iee?iyaea?iuo IN II-nenoai.
Na?aeoeai niaoeeoeeaoeee yaeythony no?oeoo?u aeaiiuo, ii?aaeaeythuea
eiioeao?aoeeth II-nenoaiu (?en. 1). Yoe no?oeoo?u aeaiiuo nicaeaao BIOS,
a ecaanoiii oi?iaoa i?aaenoaaeyy aiia?aoiua n?aaenoaa noaiaea?oiui
ae?aeaa?ai ono?ienoa eee O?iaith Ecieyoeee Aiia?aoo?u (HAL — Hardware
Abstraction Layer) IN. Niaoeeoeeaoeey ii?aaeaeyao caaeaaaaiua ii
oiie/aieth eiioeao?aoeee aiia?aoo?u, e a oeaeyo Iieueoae aeaeinoe
ii?aaeaeyao ?anoe?aiey aeey noaiaea?oiiai BIOS.
A niaoeeoeeaoeee ?anniao?eaathony neaaeothuea aii?inu:
– Nicaeaiea ia iniiaa ?N/AO-ieaooi?i iiiaii?ioeanni?iuo nenoai, eioi?ua
iiaoo eniieiyoue nouanoaothuea i?ia?aiiu aeey iaeiii?ioeanni?iuo e
iiiaii?ioeanni?iuo iee?iyaea?iuo IN.
– Iiaeaea?aeea neiiao?e/iuo iiiaii?ioeanni?iuo nenoai ia iaeiii eee
ianeieueeeo i?ioeanni?ao, iiiaeanoai eiiaiae eioi?uo niaianoeii n
a?oeoaeoo?ie naiaenoa i?ioeanni?ia Pentium.
– Iiaeaea?aeea APIC (II-eiio?ieea?a i?a?uaaiee) aeey ia?aaioee
neiiao?e/iiai aaiaea-auaiaea.
– Aiciiaeiinoue eniieueciaaoue BIOS n ieieiaeueiie iano?ieeie ia
eiie?aoioth II-nenoaio.
– Oaaeeoea oaeoeueoaoeaiuo II-eiioeao?aoeee n eioi?iaoeeae i
eiioeao?aoeee.
– Aeeth/aiea ISA e ae?oaeo i?iiuoeaiiuo noaiaea?oia ia oeiu, eae EISA,
INA, VL e PCI a II-niaianoeiua nenoaiu.
– O?aaiaaiey, iaania/eaathuea i?ic?a/ioth (aeey i?ia?aiiiiai
iaania/aiey) ?aaeecaoeeth aoi?e/iie oeiu eyoa e iaiyoe.
Iaeanoue i?eiaiaiey
II-niaoeeoeeaoeey aoaeao iieacia i?iecaiaeeoaeyi eiiiuethoa?ia,
i?aaeeaaathuei n?aaenoaa, i?eaiaeiua aeey iino?iaiey iiiaii?ioeanni?iuo
nenoai, aac eiaanoeoeee a iano?ieeo ia o?aaiaaiey caeac/eea iaeiie eee
ianeieueeeo IN. A iae ?anniao?eaathony aii?inu ?ac?aaioee noaiaea?oiiai
iaoaiecia aeey iaania/aiey aiciiaeiinoe iino?iaiey II-nenoai ia iniiaa
noaiaea?oia ia aiia?aoiua n?aaenoaa PC/AT.
Ieieiaeueiue iaai? aiia?aoiuo n?aaenoa, eioi?ue iaiaoiaeei aeey
?aaeecaoeee II-niaoeeoeeaoeee, oaeia:
– iaeei eee ianeieueei i?ioeanni?ia, ii iaai?o eiiaiae niaianoeiuo n
a?oeoaeoo?ie naiaenoa i?ioeanni?ia Intel 486 e Pentium;
– iaeei eee ianeieueei eiio?ieea?ia APIC ia i?ioeanni?ao Pentium;
– i?ic?a/iua aeey i?ia?aii iiaenenoaiu eyoae e iauae iaiyoe;
– aeaeeiua aeey i?ia?aii eiiiiiaiou ?N/AO-ieaooi?i.
Aeieoiaio oaeaea ii?aaeaeyao naienoaa II-nenoai, aeaeeiua aeey BIOS e
IN. Iaeiaei iaaei o/eouaaoue, /oi ii ia?a ?acaeoey oaoiieiaee
auiieiyaiua BIOS-ooieoeee iiaoo eciaiyoueny. N/eoaaony, /oi oieueei
eioa?oaen n iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiie inoaaony iaeciaiiui.
Ia eiai i?eaioe?iaaia aeaiiay niaoeeoeeaoeey? I?aaeaea anaai, yoi
i?iecaiaeeoaee ?N/AO-niaianoeiuo aiia?aoiuo n?aaenoa, eioi?ua i?eaiaeiu
aeey eniieueciaaiey e II-nenoaiao. Ai-aoi?uo, ?ac?aaio/eee, nicaeathuea
i?iaeoeou BIOS iauaai iieueciaaiey eee iiaeeoeoee?othuea yoe i?iaeoeou
aeey eniieueciaaiey a eiie?aoiuo II-nenoaiao. A-o?aoueeo, ?ac?aaio/eee
iia?aoeeiiiuo nenoai, aaeaioe?othuea IN II-nenoaiu aeey eniieiaiey ia
ii?aaeaeaiiuo a niaoeeoeeaoeee ieaooi?iao.
Iauay no?oeoo?a II-nenoaiu
I?e iino?iaiee iiiaii?ioeanni?iie a?oeoaeoo?u iiaeao eniieueciaaoueny
iaeia ec ianeieueeeo eiioeaiooaeueiuo iiaeaeae niaaeeiaiey
au/eneeoaeueiuo yeaiaioia, a oaeaea iiiaeanoai noai acaeiinayce e
aa?eaioia ?aaeecaoeee.
Ia ?en. 2 iieacaia iauay no?oeoo?a II-nenoaiu, iino?iaiiie ia iniiaa
niaoeeoeeaoeee MPS 1.1. A iaa aoiaeeo neeueii naycaiiay a?oeoaeoo?a n
iauae iaiyoueth n ?ani?aaeaeaiiie ia?aaioeie aeaiiuo e i?a?uaaiee
aaiaea-auaiaea. Iia iieiinoueth neiiao?e/ia; yoi icia/aao, /oi ana
i?ioeanni?u ooieoeeiiaeueii eaeaioe/iu e eiatho iaeeiaeiaue noaoon, e
eaaeaeue i?ioeanni? iiaeao iaiaieaaoueny n eaaeaeui ae?oaei
i?ioeanni?ii. Neiiao?e/iinoue eiaao aeaa aaaeiuo aniaeoa:
neiiao?e/iinoue iaiyoe e aaiaea-auaiaea.
Iaiyoue neiiao?e/ia, anee ana i?ioeanni?u niaianoii eniieuecotho iauaa
i?ino?ainoai iaiyoe e eiatho a yoii i?ino?ainoaa aeinooi n iaeieie e
oaie aea aae?anaie. Neiiao?e/iinoue iaiyoe i?aaeiieaaaao, /oi ana
i?ioeanni?u iiaoo eniieiyoue aaeeinoaaiioth eiieth IN. A oaeii neo/aa
ethaua nouanoaothuea nenoaiu e i?eeeaaeiua i?ia?aiiu aoaeoo ?aaioaoue
iaeeiaeiai, iacaaeneii io /enea onoaiiaeaiiuo a nenoaia i?ioeanni?ia.
O?aaiaaiea neiiao?e/iinoe aaiaea-auaiaea auiieiyaony, anee ana
i?ioeanni?u eiatho aiciiaeiinoue aeinooia e iaeiei e oai aea
iiaenenoaiai aaiaea-auaiaea (aeeth/ay ii?ou e eiio?ieea?u i?a?uaaiey),
i?e/ai ethaie i?ioeanni? iiaeao iieo/eoue i?a?uaaiea io ethaiai
enoi/ieea. Iaeioi?ua II-nenoaiu, eiathuea neiiao?e/iue aeinooi e iaiyoe,
a oi aea a?aiy yaeythony anei iao?e/iuie ii ioiioaieth e i?a?uaaieyi
ono?ienoa aaiaea-auaiaea, iineieueeo auaeaeytho iaeei i?ioeanni? aeey
ia?aaioee i?a?uaaiee. Neiiao?e/iinoue aaiaea-auaiaea iiiiaaao oa?aoue
iioaioeeaeueii oceea ianoa aaiaea-auaiaea e oai naiui iiauneoue
?anoe?yaiinoue nenoaiu.
Nenoaiu, oaeiaeaoai?ythuea II-niaoeeoeeaoeee, iaeaaeatho
neiiao?e/iinoueth iaiyoe e aaiaea-auaiaea, /oi iicaieyao iaania/eoue
?anoe?yaiinoue aiia?aoiuo n?aaenoa, a oaeaea noaiaea?oeciaaoue
i?ia?aiiiua n?aaenoaa.
Iniiaiua eiiiiiaiou
II-niaoeeoeeaoeey ii?aaeaeyao nenoaiioth a?oeoaeoo?o ia iniiaa
neaaeothueo eiiiiiaioia aiia?aoo?u: nenoaiiua i?ioeanni?u, eiio?ieea?u
A?IN, nenoaiiay iaiyoue, oeia ?anoe?aiey aaiaea-auaiaea.
Nenoaiiua i?ioeanni?u. A oeaeyo iaania/aiey niaianoeiinoe n
nouanoaothueie i?ia?aiiiuie n?aaenoaaie aeey PC/AT, niaoeeoeeaoeey
iniiauaaaony ia i?ioeanni?ao naiaenoaa Intel 486 eee Pentium.
Oioy ana i?ioeanni?u a II-nenoaia ooieoeeiiaeueii eaeaioe/iu,
niaoeeoeeaoeey auaeaeyao aeaa eo oeia: caa?oci/iue i?ioeanni? (BSP) e
i?eeeaaeiua i?ioeanni?u (A?). Eaeie i?ioeanni? ea?aao ?ieue
caa?oci/iiai, ii?aaeaeyaony aiia?aoiuie n?aaenoaaie eee niaianoii
aiia?aoo?ie e BIOS. Yoi naeaeaii aeey oaeianoaa e eiaao cia/aiea oieueei
ai a?aiy eieoeeaeecaoeee e aueeth/aiey. BSP-i?ioeanni? ioaa/aao ca
eieoeeaeecaoeeth nenoaiu e ca caa?oceo IN. A?-i?ioeanni? aeoeaece?oaony
iinea caa?ocee IN.
Eiio?ieea?u APIC. Aeaiiua eiio?ieea?u iaeaaeatho ?ani?aaeaeaiiie
a?oeoaeoo?ie, a eioi?ie ooieoeee oi?aaeaiey i?a?uaaieyie ?ani?aaeaeaiu
iaaeaeo aeaoiy ooieoeeiiaeueiuie aeieaie: eieaeueiui e aaiaea-auaiaea.
Yoe aeiee iaiaieaathony eioi?iaoeeae /a?ac oeio, iacuaaaioth oeiie
eiiioieeaoeee eiio?ieea?a i?a?uaaiee (ICC).
A II-nenoaia iiiaeanoai eieaeueiuo aeieia e aeieia aaiaea-auaiaea iiaoo
eieeaeoeaii eniieueciaaoue iaeio caienue, acaeiiaeaenoaoy /a?ac oeio
ICC. Aeiee APIC niaianoii ioaa/atho ca aeinoaaeo i?a?uaaiey io enoi/ieea
i?a?uaaiee aei iieo/aoaeae ii anae II-nenoaia.
Aeiee APIC aeiiieieoaeueii oaaee/eaatho ?anoe?yaiinoue ca n/ao ?aca?ocee
oeiu iaiyoe io o?aoeea i?a?uaaiee, a oaeaea ?acaeaeaiey iaaeaeo
i?ioeanni?aie iaa?ocee ii ia?aaioea i?a?uaaiee.
Aeaaiaea?y ?ani?aaeaeaiiie a?oeoaeoo?a, eieaeueiua aeiee eee aeiee
aaiaea-auaiaea iiaoo auoue ?aaeeciaaiu a ioaeaeueiie iee?inoaia eee
eioaa?e?iaaiu n ae?oaeie eiiiiiaioaie nenoaiu.
Nenoaiiay iaiyoue.
A nenoaiao, niaianoeiuo n II-niaoeeoeeaoeeae, eniieuecoaony a?oeoaeoo?a
iaiyoe noaiaea?oa AT. Any iaiyoue eniieuecoaony eae nenoaiiay ca
eneeth/aieai aae?ania, ca?aca?ae?iaaiiuo iiae ono?ienoaa aaiaea-auaiaea
e BIOS.
II-nenoaiu ioaeaeathony a cia/eoaeueii aieaa aunieie i?iioneiie
niiniaiinoe oeiu iaiyoe ii n?aaiaieth n iaeiii?ioeanni?iuie. O?aaiaaiey
aic?anoatho i?iii?oeeiiaeueii /eneo i?ioeanni?ia ia oeia iaiyoe. Iiyoiio
niaoeeoeeaoeey niaea?aeeo ?aeiiaiaeaoeee eniieueciaaoue eyoe aoi?iai
o?iaiy, i?ecaaiiua nieceoue o?aoee ii oeia e ?aaeecothuea neaaeothuea
ooieoeee: no?aoaaey iaiiaeaiey n ia?aoiie caienueth e i?ioieie
ii?aaeaeaiey niaeaniaaiiinoe eyoae. Io eyoae aoi?iai o?iaiy e
eiio?ieea?ia oeiu iaiyoe o?aaoaony, /oiau iie auee iieiinoueth i?ic?a/iu
aeey i?ia?aiiiuo n?aaenoa.
Oeia ?anoe?aiey aaiaea-auaiaea.
Niaoeeoeeaoeey iaania/eaaao iino?iaiea II-nenoai ia iniiaa ieaooi?i
PC/AT, ioaa/athueo i?iiuoeaiiui noaiaea?oai. A i?iaeoao iiaoo auoue
eniieueciaaiu noaiaea?oiua oeiu ISA, EISA, MCA, VL, PCI.
BIOS auiieiyao ooieoeee neiy, eciee?othuaai iniaaiiinoe aiia?aoiuo
n?aaenoa io IN e i?ia?aiiiuo i?eeiaeaiee. Noaiaea?oiue
iaeiii?ioeanni?iue BIOS auiieiyao neaaeothuea ooieoeee: i?iaa?yao
nenoaiiua eiiiiiaiou; no?ieo oaaeeoeu eiioeao?aoeee, eniieuecoaiua IN;
eieoeeaeece?oao i?ioeanni? e anth inoaeueioth nenoaio.
A iiiaii?ioeanni?iuo nenoaiao BIOS aeiiieieoaeueii auiieiyao neaaeothuea
ooieoeee: ia?aaeaao eioi?iaoeeth i eiioeao?aoeee a IN, eioi?ay
eaeaioeoeoee?oao ana i?ioeanni?u e ae?oaea eiiiiiaiou II-nenoai;
ia?aaiaeeo ana i?ioeanni?u e ae?oaea eiiiiiaiou iiiaii?ioeanni?iie
nenoaiu a caaeaiiia ninoiyiea.
Iaeia ec aeaaiuo oeaeae yoie niaoeeoeeaoeee ninoieo a oii, /oiau
iaania/eoue aiciiaeiinoue iino?iaiey iee?iyaea?iuo IN aeey
iiiaii?ioeanni?iuo nenoai. Yoi aeinoeaaaony aeaaiaea?y aeaeiio aaeaino
iaaeaeo aiciiaeiinoyie aiia?aoo?u y BIOS. Iin?aaenoaii BIOS
iioaioeeaeueii ia?iiiia ?aciiia?acea aiia?aoo?iuo eiioeao?aoeee
oiaiueoaaony anaai aei ianeieueeeo aa?eaioia, eioi?ua eaaei iiaoo auoue
ia?aaioaiu ia ia/aeueiie caa?oci/iie oaca ?aaiou IN.
Niaoeeoeeaoeey aiia?aoiuo n?aaenoa
Aeey oiai /oiau IN iiaea ?aaioaoue ia iiiaii?ioeanni?iuo ieaooi?iao,
aiia?aoiua n?aaenoaa aeieaeiu iaeaaeaoue ii?aaeaeaiiui iaai?ii naienoa.
Eo niaoeeoeeaoeey ii?aaeaeyao niinia ?aaeecaoeee eiiiiiaioia,
ia?a/eneaiiuo y i?aaeuaeouai ?acaeaea.
Niioaaonoaea niaoeeoeeaoeee iiae?acoiaaaao ianeieueei aniaeoia, eioi?ua
ia?a/eneaiu ieaea.
Eiioeao?aoeey nenoaiiie iaiyoe.
Niaoeeoeeaoeey II-iaiyoe iniiauaaaony ia noaiaea?oiie ea?oa iaiyoe PC/AT
?acia?ii aei 4Gb.
Eyoe?oaiinoue e aeinooiiinoue oece/aneie iaiyoe aeey i?ioeanni?ia.
Eyoe?oaony any iaiyoue ca eneeth/aieai iaeanoe, ioaaaeaiiie aeey
iienaiey ?aaeno?ia eieaeueiiai aeiea APIC. Ana i?ioeanni?u eiatho
aeinooi e aeaaiie iaiyoe e o/anoeai iaiyoe, ioaaaeaiiui iiae ROM BIOS.
O?aaiaaiey e ?aaeecaoeee aiaoieo eyoae.
*anoi aeey oeo/oaiey ?aai/eo oa?aeoa?enoee a II-nenoaiao i?eoiaeeony
eniieueciaaoue aiaoiea eyoe. Iaee/ea e aeaoaee ?aaeecaoeee aiaoieo eyoae
a niaoeeoeeaoeee MPS ia ?anniao?eaathony. Iaeiaei, anee i?aaeiieaaaaony
eo eniieueciaaoue, iie aeieaeiu ioaa/aoue ii?aaeaeaiiui o?aaiaaieyi:
– Aiaoiea eyoe aeieaeiu iiaeaea?aeeaaoue niaeaniaaiiinoue iaaeaeo niaie,
n aeaaiie iaiyoueth, aioo?aiieie eyoaie e ae?oaeie aaaeiuie
ono?ienoaaie.
– I?ioeanni?u aeieaeiu iaiaieaaoueny iaaeaeo niaie iaaeaaeiui ia?acii,
/oi icia/aao iaaiciiaeiinoue acaeiiaeeyiey a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea n?aco
ianeieueei i?ioeanni?ia iieo/atho aeinooi e iaeiie iaeanoe iaiyoe.
Aiaoiea eyoe aeieaeia! aa?aioe?iaaoue, /oi ana aeiee?iaaiiua iia?aoeee
aeaeeiu ae?oaei i?ioeanni?ai.
Oi?aaeaiea iaiyoueth (aeiee?iaea).
Aeey caueou oeaeinoiinoe iaeioi?uo e?eoe/aneeo iia?aoeee n iaiyoueth
Intel-niaianoeiua i?ioeanni?u eniieuecotho niaoeeaeueiue neaiae.
?ac?aaio/eee nenoaiiuo i?ia?aiiiuo n?aaenoa aeieaeiu eniieueciaaoue yoio
neaiae aeey oi?aaeaiey aeinooiii i?ioeanni?ia e iaiyoe. .
Aeey aa?aioee AO-niaianoeiinoe aeiee?iaea iaei??aeoiuo iia?aoeee n
iaiyoueth a AO-niaianoeiuo oeiao a niaeaniaaiiie nenoaia aeieaeia
?aaeeciauaaoueny no?iai a niioaaonoaee ni niaoeeoeeaoeeyie ia oeiu.
Oii?yaei/aiea caienae a iaiyoe.
I?eiaiyaony i?e oi?aaeaiee ono?ienoaaie aaiaea-auaiaea, /oiau iia?aoeee
n iaiyoueth e aaiaeii-auaiaeii auiieiyeenue no?iai a cai?ia?aiie?iaaiiii
ii?yaeea. No?iaia oii?yaei/eaaiea iia?aoeee aaiaea-auaiaea
iiaeaea?aeeaaaony i?ioeanni?aie.
Aeey iioeiecaoeee ooieoeeiie?iaaiey iaiyoe i?ioeanni?u e
iee?ii?ioeanni?iua iaai?u /anoi ?aaeecotho aooa?u caiene e eyoe ia?aoiie
caiene. Intel-niaianoeiua i?ioeanni?u aa?aioe?otho oii?yaei/aiiue
aeinooi i?ioeanni?ia ei anai aioo?aiiei eyoai e aooa?ai caiene.
Oi?aaeaiea i?a?uaaieyie.
A II-niaianoeiie nenoaia i?a?uaaiey oi?aaeythony eiio?ieea?aie APIC.
Eiio?ieea?u APIC yaeythony yeaiaioii ?ani?aaeaeaiiie a?oeoaeoo?u, a
eioi?ie ooieoeee oi?aaeaiey i?a?uaaiey ?ani?aaeaeaiu iaaeaeo aeaoiy
ooieoeeiiaeueiuie aeieaie. Yoe aeiee iaiaieaathony eioi?iaoeeae /a?ac
oeio (ICC). Ono?ienoai aaiaea-auaiaea ii?aaeaeyao iiyaeaiea i?a?uaaiey,
aae?anoao aai eieaeueiiio aeieo e iinueaao ii oeia ICC.
A II-niaianoeiie nenoaia eniieuecoaony ii iaeiiio eieaeueiiio aeieo ia
i?ioeanni?. *enei aeieia aaiaea-auaiaea aeieaeii auoue ia iaiaa iaeiiai.
*oiau iaania/eoue ?anoe?aiea ooieoeee e aianaiea eciaiaiee a aoaeouai,
a?oeoaeoo?a APIC ii?aaeaeyao oieueei i?ia?aiiiue eioa?oaen aeieia APIC.
?aciua aa?nee i?ioieieia APIC iiaoo auoue ?aaeeciaaiu n ?aciuie
i?ioieieaie oeiu e niaoeeoeeaoeeyie yeaeo?e/aneeo neaiaeia.
?aaeeiu i?a?uaaiey.
A niaoeeoeeaoeee ii?aaeaeaiu o?e ?aaeeia i?a?uaaiey:
1. ?aaeei PIC yooaeoeaii iaoiaeeo ana eiiiiiaiou APIC e canoaaeyao
nenoaio ooieoeeiie?iaaoue a iaeiii?ioeanni?iii ?aaeeia.
2. ?aaeei ae?ooaeueiie eeiee — eniieuecoao APIC eae ae?ooaeueioth
eeieth, a inoaeueiii niaiaaeaao n ?aaeeiii PIC.
3. ?aaeei neiiao?e/iiai aaiaea-auaiaea — iicaieyao ?aaioaoue n iiiaeie
i?ioeanni?aie.
Ia?aua aeaa ?aaeeia iaania/eaatho niaianoeiinoue n PC/AT. A
II-niaianoeiie nenoaia aeieaeai auoue ?aaeeciaai oioy au iaeei ec yoeo
?aaeeiia. IN iiiaii?ioeanni?iie nenoaiu caa?oaeaaony a iaeiii ec
?N/AO-niaianoeiuo ?aaeeiia. Caoai IN ia?aeeth/aaony a iiiaii?ioeanni?iue
?aaeei. A yoii ?aaeeia o?aaoaony ooieoeeiie?iaaiea oioy au iaeiiai aeiea
aaiaea-auaiaea APIC. I?a?uaaiey aaiaea-auaiaea aaia?e?othony
eiio?ieea?ii aeiea aaiaea-auaiaea. Ana eeiee i?a?uaaiey eee
caianee?iaaiu, eee ?aaioatho aianoa n aeieii aaiaea-auaiaea a niaoaiiii
?aaeeia. Aeie aaiaea-auaiaea eiaao aoiae i?a?uaaiee iauaai iacia/aiey,
eioi?ue iiaeii i?ia?aiie?iaaoue eiaeeaeaeoaeueii aeey ?acee/iuo ?aaeeiia
?aaiou. ?ani?aaeaeaiea eeiee i?a?uaaiey aaiaea-auaiaea aeaeaaony
eiie?aoii aeey eaaeaeie nenoaiu.
?ani?aaeaeaiea nenoaiu i?a?uaaiee ia eieaeueiii aeiea APIC.
Aeaiiue aeie eiaao aeaa aoiaea i?a?uaaiee iauaai iacia/aiey,
ca?aca?ae?iaaiiuo aeey nenoaiiuo i?a?uaaiee. Yoe aoiaeu iiaeii
i?ia?aiie?iaaoue eiaeeaeaeoaeueii aeey ?acee/iuo ?aaeeiia ?aaiou.
Aeey iaania/aiey niaianoeiinoe n PC/AT caa?oci/iue i?ioeanni? aeieaeai
iiaeaea?aeeaaoue DOS-niaianoeiia eniieiaiea iia?aoeee n ieaaathuae
caiyoie i?e ?aaioa a eaaeaeii ec ?N/AO-niaianoeiuo ?aaeeiia.
Ioia?aaeaiea iaiyoe APIC.
A niaeaniaaiiie II-nenoaia ana eiio?ieea?u APIC aeieaeiu auoue
?aaeeciaaiu eae iienaiiua a iaiyoe ono?ienoaa aaiaea-auaiaea. Aaciaua
aae?ana APIC iaoiaeyony a aa?oiae /anoe aae?aniiai i?ino?ainoaa iaiyoe.
Ana eieaeueiua aeiee ioia?aaeathony a iaeieo e oao aea aae?anao, eioi?ua
ia iiaeeaaeao eieeaeoeaiiio eniieueciaaieth, a eniieuecothony eaaeaeui
i?ioeanni?ii eiaeeaeaeoaeueii.
Iai?ioea, eiio?ieea?u aaiaea-auaiaea ioia?aaeathony oae, /oiau
iaania/eoue eo niaianoiia eniieueciaaiea anaie i?ioeanni?aie, o.a.
iieioth neiiao?e/iinoue aeinooia.
?ac?aaio/eee nenoaiu aeieaeiu ii?aaeaeeoue eaeaioeoeeaoeeth eieaeueiuo
aeieia e aa?aioe?iaaoue oieeaeueiinoue eo eaeaioeoeeaoi?ia.
Eniieuecothony aeaa iooe caaeaiey eaeaioeoeeaoi?ia: i?e iiiiue
aiia?aoiuo n?aaenoa e i?e iiiiue BIOS n iiaeaea?aeeie aiia?aoiuo
n?aaenoa.
Oaeia?u eioa?aaeia.
Eieaeueiua aeiee niaea?aeao 32-aeoiue i?ia?aiie?oaiue oaeia? n aeaoiy
iacaaeneiuie aoiaeaie. Oaeia?u aeiea aaiaea-auaiaea eiatho iaeei aoiae.
Iiaeaea?aeea ia?acaa?ocee.
Aeey i?eaaaeaiey anao nenoai eiiiuethoa?a a ia/aeueiia ninoiyiea
o?aaoaony aiciiaeiinoue ia?acaa?ocee nenoaiu. A nenoaia iiaeao
auiieiyoueny «aeanoeay» ia?acaa?ocea, eioi?ay onoaiaaeeaaao ana
eiiiiiaiou nenoaiu a ia/aeueiia ninoiyiea. «AEanoeay» ia?acaa?ocea
i?iecaiaeeony i?e aeeth/aiee ieoaiey eee i?e iaaeaoee eiiiee RESET ia
ia?aaeiae iaiaee.
«Iyaeay» caa?ocea oieueei /anoe/ii eieoeeaeece?oao i?ioeanni?. I?e
eniieueciaaiee oaeie ia?acaa?ocee ia i?ienoiaeeo iioa?e ia?aaaouaaaiie
eioi?iaoeee, oi anoue nenoaia iaeeaeaao ieii/aiey auiieiaiey oeeeea, a
oaeaea ia na?anuaaao niaea?aeaiea eyoae e ?aaeno?ia n ieaaathuae
caiyoie. Oaeie oei ia?acaa?ocee iiaeao auiieiyoueny ia i?ioeanni?ao oeia
Pentium, ii ia Intel 486.
Iyaeay caa?ocea iaeiiai ec i?ioeanni?ia — iaeia ec iniiaiuo ooieoeee a
II-nenoaia, ia?yaeo n aeeth/aieai e aueeth/aieai. N aa iiiiuueth
BSP-eiio?ieea? iiaeao auai?i/ii eieoeeaeece?iaaoue A?-eiio?ieea? aeey
iineaaeothuaai aeeth/aiey a ?aaioo eee ainnoaiiaeaiey A?-eiio?ieea?a
iinea iaiii?aaeiie nenoaiiie ioeaee. Oaeiai ?iaea ia?acaa?ocea aeieaeia
eieoeee?iaaoueny i?ia?aiiiuie n?aaenoaaie.
Ia/aeueiia ninoiyiea nenoaiu — yoi ninoiyiea aei ia?aaea/e oi?aaeaiey io
BIOS iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaia.
Oaaeeoeu eiioeao?aoeee II-nenoai
IN aeieaeia eiaoue aeinooi e eioi?iaoeee i eiioeao?aoeee II-nenoaiu. A
niaoeeoeeaoeee i?aaeoniio?aii aeaa iaoiaea ia?aaea/e yoie eioi?iaoeee a
IN: ieieiaeueiue, iicaieythuee caaeaoue eiioeao?aoeeth iin?aaenoaii
auai?a iaeiiai ea ianeieueeeo iiae?acoiaaaaiuo iaai?ia cia/aiee
ia?aiao?ia aiia?aoo?u; e iaeneiaeueiue, iaania/eaathuee aunieoth
aeaeinoue i?e i?iaeoe?iaaiee aiia?aoiuo n?aaenoa aeaaiaea?y aiciiaeiinoe
i?iecaieueiuo onoaiiaie.
Ia ?en, 3. iieacaia iauay noaia no?oeoo? aeaiiuo, ii?aaeaeythueo
eiioeao?aoeeth II-nenoaiu. Eniieuecothony aeaa no?oeoo?u aeaiiuo:
No?oeoo?a oeacaoaey ia?aoiaeia.
Yoa no?oeoo?a niaea?aeeo oeacaoaeue oece/aneeo aae?ania a oaaeeoea
eiioeao?aoeee e ae?oaea oa?aeoa?enoeee II-nenoaiu.
Oaaeeoea eiioeao?aoeee II-nenoaiu.
Yoa oaaeeoea ia yaeyaony iaycaoaeueiie. Iia niaea?aeeo oi/ioth
eioi?iaoeeth i eiio?ieea?ao APIC, i?ioeanni?ao, oeiao e i?a?uaaieyo. Iia
niaea?aeeo caaieiaie, ca eioi?ui neaaeoao iiiaeanoai caienae ?acee/iuo
oeiia. Oi?iao e aeeeia eaaeaeie caiene ii?aaeaeythony aa oeiii. Anee
oaaeeoea eiioeao?aoeee i?enoonoaoao, iia o?aieony eee a nenoaiiie /anoe
iia?aoeaiie iaiyoe, eee a ROM BIOS.
Ia?aue aaeo eaaeaeie caiene eaeaioeoeoee?oao oei caiene. Eaaeaeue oei
caiene eiaao oeene?iaaiioth aeeeio. Iienaiey oeiia caienae: i?ioeanni?,
oeia, aeie aaiaea-auaiaea. ?ani?aaeaeaiea i?a?uaaiee aaiaea-auaiaea,
?ani?aaeaeaiea eieaeueiuo i?a?uaaiee.
Niaoeeoeeaoeey ii oiie/aieth ii?aaeaeyao ianeieueei eiioeao?aoeee
II-nenoai. Oeaeue yoeo onoaiiaie a oii, /oiau oi?inoeoue i?iaeoe?iaaiea
BIOS. Anee nenoaia niioaaonoaoao iaeiie ec eiioeao?aoeee, caaeaiiuo ii
oiie/aieth, BIOS ia aeieaeai iaania/eaaoue oaaeeoeo eiioeao?aoeee
II-nenoaiu. IN aoaeao niaea?aeaoue oaeoth oaaeeoeo aioo?e naay.
Oeiu eiioeao?aoeee nenoaiu, caaeaiiua ii oiie/aieth, ii?aaeaeythony
aaeoii 1 eioi?iaoeee i naienoaao II-nenoaiu, eioi?ay yaeyaony /anoueth
No?oeoo?u oeacaoaey ia?aoiaeia. *oiau nenoaia iiaeaea?aeeaaea
eiioeao?aoeeth, caaeaiioth ii oiie/aieth, nenoaia aeieaeia
iiaeaea?aeeaaoue aeaa i?ioeanni?a e ioaa/aoue aua ?yaeo o?aaiaaiee.
Anaai eiaaony 7 oeiia nenoaiu, caaeaaaaiuo ii oiie/aieth. A ieo
caaeathony neaaeothuea iiey: /enei i?ioeanni?ia, oei eniieuecoaiuo a
nenoaia oei; oei eiio?ieea?ia APIC; aa?eaiou; caeiaeaia noaia
II-nenoaiu.
Ooieoeee BIOS a II-nenoaia.
A caaeneiinoe io iiiaii?ioeanni?iuo eiiiiiaioia a II-nenoaia BIOS iiaeao
eiaoue neaaeothuea aeiiieieoaeueiua ooieoeee:
1. Ia?aaiae A? a «niyuee» ?aaeei, oae /oiau iie ia iuoaeenue eniieiyoue
oa aea eiaeu BIOS, /oi e BSP. Yoi iaiaoiaeeii, iineieueeo eiaeu BIOS
iau/ii ia i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey ioeueoeia?aaioee.
2. Eieoeeaeecaoeey eiio?ieea?ia APIC e ae?oaeo II-eiiiiiaio.
3. Nicaeaiea oaaeeoeu eiioeao?aoeee II-nenoaiu.
Oieoeoee?iaaiiua IN iiaiai iieieaiey aeey SMP-nenoai
Aic?anoathuea o?aaiaaiey e i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe n?aaenoa ia?aaioee
aeaiiuo iaoneiaeeaatho ana aieueoaa ?ani?ino?aiaiea neiiao?e/iuo
ioeueoei?ioeanni?iuo eiiiuethoa?ia (SMP), a oii /enea e ia iniiaa
i?ioeanni?ia Pentium. Oeaeue nicaeaiey SMP-ieaooi?i — iaania/aiea
aiciiaeiinoe ia?aueaaiey i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe iooai aeiaaaeaiey
i?ioeanni?ia aac eciaiaiey i?eeiaeaiee.
I?ioeanni? Pentium niaea?aeeo niaoeeaeueiua aiia?aoiua n?aaenoaa,
iiaeaea?aeeaathuea SMP-nenoaiu. Oaiiiai noaiaea?oiuo SMP-ieaooi?i
ninoieo a oii, /oi iie oe?iei eniieuecothony a ea/anoaa na?aa?ia nenoai
?acee/iiai ianooaaa: aeey ?aai/eo a?oii, ioaeaeia e aeaaea i?aaei?eyoee.
Aeey aeaeiauo i?eeiaeaiee ia iniiaa IN iiaiai iieieaiey oeia Windows NT
(Microsoft), NetWare (Novell), UnixWare (Novell), Open Server/MPS (SCO)
e ae?oaeo aeinooiai aieueoie auai? aunieii?iecaiaeeoaeueiuo SMP-ieaooi?i
ia iniiaa Intel-a?oeoaeoo?u o?aaeeoeeiiiuo i?iecaiaeeoaeae.
Naaiaeiy iiyaeeinue iiaia iieieaiea NI?-na?aa?ia i?eeiaeaiee. Iiyoiio
aeooaeueiui yaeyaony nicaeaiea IN ni noaiaea?oiui eioa?oaenii, eioi?ua
iiaoo iaania/eoue o?aaoaiua ?aai/ea oa?aeoa?enoeee e iaaeaaeiinoue.
Iniiaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee iiaeiaiuo IN oaeiau: iiiaicaaea/iinoue,
iiiaiiioieiaay a?oeoaeoo?a (Multithreading), iiiaii?ioeanni?iinoue e
noaiaea?oecaoeey.
Iiiaicaaea/iinoue.
Oeie/iay IN iaania/eaaao iiiaicaaea/iinoue, ia?aoiaey iaaeaeo aeaoiy
(eee ianeieueeeie) aeoeaiuie i?ia?aiiaie, eniieiyy eaaeaeoth ec ieo ia
i?ioyaeaiee ei?ioeiai ia?eiaea a?aiaie. Anee ia?aoiae inouanoaeyaony
auno?i e aeinoaoi/ii yooaeoeaii, aeey eiia/iiai iieueciaaoaey
iiiaicaaea/iinoue iiaeao icia/aoue niiniaiinoue ia/aoaoue yeaeo?iiiua
oaaeeoeu e a oi aea a?aiy ?aaioaoue n oaenoiaui i?ioeanni?ii, a aeey
naoaaiai na?aa?a — iaeiia?aiaiii iiaeaea?aeeaaoue iiiaeanoai niaaeeiaiee
e na?aenia.
A iaeioi?uo i?inouo IN (iai?eia?, Windows) eiioaenoiia ia?aeeth/aiea
caaea/ aiceaaaaony ia naie i?ia?aiiu, ?aaeecothuea iiiaicaaea/iinoue aac
i?a?uaaiee. Oaeea IN ia iiaoo aa?aioe?iaaoue, /oi eaeay-eeai i?ia?aiia
ia iiiiiieece?oao a?aiy i?ioeanni?a e ia i?eaaaeao e aicieeiiaaieth
eiioeeeoia n ae?oaeie caaea/aie, eioi?ua aoaeoo aeaeaoue iaii?aaeaeaiii
aeieai.
A nia?aiaiiuo IN eniieuecoaony iiiaicaaea/iinoue n i?a?uaaieai
eniieiaiey caaea/e iieueciaaoaey. I?eia?aie oaeeo IN yaeythony Windows
NT, SCO Open Server/MPX, UnixWare 2.0.
Iiiaiiioieiaay a?oeoaeoo?a.
Anee IN iiaeao eniieiyoue aieaa iaeiie iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe eino?oeoeee
a iaeiie caaea/a, aiai?yo, /oi iia iiaeaea?aeeaaao iiiaiiioieiaoth (n
iiiaeie ieoyie oi?aaeaiey) a?oeoaeoo?o, yooaeoeaii ?aaeecothuoth
i?ia?aiiiui niiniaii ia?aeeaeueioth ia?aaioeo e iaeneiece?othuoth
eniieueciaaiea aaeeie/iiai i?ioeanni?a.
Iau/ii eaaeaeie caaea/a i?eienuaaaony ii?aaeaeaiiay iaeanoue aae?aniiai
i?ino?ainoaa, a eioi?ie ia/eiaaony aa eniieiaiea. Eaaeaeiio iioieo
auaeaeythony aeey eniieiaiey ?ano?nu, eae aeey i?ioeanna, ii iioiee a
?aieao iaeiie caaea/e (eee i?ioeanna) ia ?acaeaeaiu a aae?aniii
i?ino?ainoaa. Eaaeaeue iioie iiaeao eniieueciaaoue aeaiiua e oaeeu
ae?oaeo iioieia, /oi iaeaa/aao IN eaaeia e auno?ia ia?aeeth/aiea iioieia
(iaeuo i?ioeannia).
I?eia?aie IN, eioi?ua iiaeaea?aeeaatho iiiaiiioieiaoth a?oeoaeoo?o,
yaeythony Windows NT e UnixWare 2.0. Aei iaaeaaiaai a?aiaie aieueoeinoai
o?aaeeoeeiiiuo UNIX-nenoai ia iiaeaea?aeeaaee oaeoth a?oeoaeoo?o;
nae/an yoa oaoiieiaey ia/eiaao i?iieeaoue a iaeioi?ua oe?iaiiua IN ia
iniiaa UNIX (iai?eia?, SunSoft Solaris 2.4, HP-UX v.10).
Iioiee iiaoo caioneaoueny e caaa?oaoueny i/aiue auno?i, iineieueeo iao
iaiaoiaeeiinoe caiiai nicaeaaaoue iiaoth caaea/o e naycaiioth n iae
no?oeoo?o IN. Iai?eia?, a na?aa?ao aeey ianeoaeeaaiey niaaeeiaiey n
eeeaioii nicaeaaony iiaue iioie. Anee ia eniieuecoaony iiiaiiioieiaay
a?oeoaeoo?a, i?eoiaeeony nicaeaaaoue niaa?oaiii iiaue i?ioeann e
iano?aeaaoueny ia iiaia aae?aniia i?ino?ainoai, /oi aaaeao e aieueoei
iaeeaaeiui ?anoiaeai e nieaeaao i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue.
Aaaeioth ?ieue a iaania/aiee iiiaiiioieiainoe ea?atho ae?aeaa?u
ono?ienoa. Anee ae?aeaa?u yaeythony iiiaiiioieiauie, iie iiaoo
eniieueciaaoueny ethaui i?ioeanni?ii II-nenoaiu. Yoi nouanoaaiii
oeo/oaao i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue, iniaaiii eiio?ieea?ia aeeneia.
Neiiao?e/iua iiiaii?ioeanni?iua SMP-nenoaiu
Neiiao?e/iua iiiaii?ioeanni?iua SMP-nenoaiu iiaoo eniieiyoue ethaoth
caaea/o eee iioie ia ethaii naiaiaeiii i?ioeanni?a. SMP-nenoaiu ia
oieueei aieaa aeaee e yooaeoeaiu, ii e aieaa onoie/eau e ioeacai
ioaeaeueiuo i?ioeanni?ia. A anneiiao?e/iuo nenoaiao i?e ioeaca
i?ioeanni?a, auaeaeaiiiai iiae IN, nenoaia iaiaaeeaiii iieiinoueth
i?ae?auaao ?aaioo. A SMP-nenoaiao a oaeeo neooaoeeyo IN ia/eiaao
eniieueciaaoue ae?oaea i?ioeanni?u. SMP-nenoaiu iaania/eaatho oaeaea
oi?ioaa niioiioaiea oeaia/i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue, oae eae aeiaaaeaiea
i?ioeanni?a ia o?aaoao i?eia?aoaiey iiaie eiiiuethoa?iie nenoaiu. A
/enei ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo oieoeoee?iaaiiuo IN aeey SMP-ne-noai aoiaeyo
Windows NT Server, SCO Open Server/MPX, UnixWare 2.0.
Neeueiinaycaiiay iiiaii?ioeanni?iay ia?aaioea.
A nia?aiaiiuo IN ni noaiaea?oiui eioa?oaenii aeey SMP-ieaooi?i iaiyoue
eniieuecoaony i?ioeanni?aie eieeaeoeaii. Aeinooi e iauaio iieth iaiyoe
inouanoaeyaony /a?ac aunieinei?inoioth nenoaiioth oeio. Ana i?ioeanni?u
eiatho iaeeiaeiaue aeinooi ei anae iaiyoe nenoaiu. A iaiyoe eiaaony
oieueei iaeia eiiey yae?a IN; i?e/ai ana i?ioeanni?u eiatho e iae ?aaiue
aeinooi. Eaaeaeue i?ioeanni? ciaao, aaea ?aniieiaeaiu a iaiyoe
i?eeeaaeiua i?ioeannu e iiaeao eniieiyoue aai a oa/aiea onoaiiaeaiiiai
eaaioa a?aiaie aac cao?ao ia ia?aeeth/aiea i?eeiaeaiee n i?ioeanni?a ia
i?ioeanni?.
Noaiaea?oecaoeey iiiaii?ioeanni?iie ia?aaioee.
?aiaa SMP-nenoaiu iiiaeo i?iecaiaeeoaeae auee oieeaeueiu, e IN
i?eoiaeeeinue anyeee ?ac aei?aaaouaaoue. Iinoaaueee IN aeieaeiu auee
iiaeaea?aeeaaoue aeey eaaeaeiai oeia ieaooi?iu niaoeeoe/aneea aa?nee IN,
aunieay noieiinoue iiaeaea?aeee eioi?uo aeaeaea iaauaiaeiui aeey iiiaeo
iinoaaueeia i?ia?aiiiuo n?aaenoa oe?ieia ?ani?ino?aiaiea naieo aeaeiauo
i?eeiaeaiee. Ia auei oe?ieiai auai?a iiiaii?ioeanni?iuo nenoai, IN e,
/oi naiia aaaeiia, i?eeiaeaiee aeey iieueciaaoaeae a noa?a aeciana.
Aeey ?aoaiey yoie i?iaeaiu Eaai?aoi?eae IAL (Intel Architecture Labs)
niaianoii n aaaeoueie i?iecaiaeeoaeyie SMP-ieaooi?i, IN (OSV) e BIOS
auea i?aaeeiaeaia niaoeeoeeaoeey Multiprocessor Specification V. 1.1.
(MPSpec V. 1.1), ii?aaeaeythuay noaiaea?o ia acaeiiaeaenoaea IN n
SMP-iai?oaeiaaieai. Noaiaea?oiue eioa?oaen iaaeaeo aiia?aoo?ie e IN
iiiiaaao auno?i ?ac?aaioaoue iiaeaea?aeeo iaeiie IN oe?ieiai e?oaa
ieaooi?i ia aaca OeI Intel-a?oeoaeoo?u.
I?iecaiaeeoaeyi IN, eniieuecothuei yoo niaoeeoeeaoeeth, iaiaoiaeeii
?ac?aaioaoue noaiaea?oiue ae?aeaa?, iicaieythuee ei iiaeaea?aeeaaoue
iaeio iiiaii?ioeanni?ioth IN aeey ?acee/iuo SMP-ieaooi?i iiiaeo
iinoaaueeia. Ianeieueei iiauo IN oaea niioaaonoaotho niaoeeoeeaoeee I?
Spec, n?aaee ieo Windows NT 3.5, UnixWare 2.0 e SCO Open Server/MPX.
N iiyaeaieai aiciiaeiinoe auai?a ec aieueoaai /enea SMP-ieaooi?i e IN
ioaeaeu e ioaeaeaiey a aieueoeo ei?ii?aoeeyo aoaeoo eiaoue aiciiaeiinoue
aieaa aeaei auae?aoue i?eeiaeaiey, ieaooi?iu e IN, eioi?ua eo/oa
niioaaonoaotho eo o?aaiaaieyi. I?e yoii iao iaiaoiaeeiinoe aeaeaoue
iiaua eaieoaeiaeiaeaiey a nayce n caiaiie i?ia?aiiiuo n?aaenoa e
ia?aiao/aieai ia?niiaea. E?iia oiai, iiiaii?ioeanni?iua nenoaiu,
iino?iaiiua ec aeinooiiuo eiiiiiaioia e iiaeaea?aeaiiua i?iiuoeaiiuie
noaiaea?oaie ia i?ia?aiiiua n?aaenoaa (o.a. nenoaiu, niaianoeiua n I?
Spec) iaania/ao eo/oaa niioiioaiea oeaia/i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue ii
n?aaiaieth n aieaa aei?iaeie cae?uouie nenoaiaie.
Oieoeoee?iaaiiua IN iiaiai iieieaiey.
Oieoeoee?iaaiiua IN iiaiai iieieaiey, iacuaaaiua /anoi SMP-OS,
yooaeoeaii iiaeaea?aeeaatho aiia?aoiua ieaooi?iu SMP-nenoai aoi?iai
iieieaiey. Iineaaeiea oa?aeoa?ecothony ?ani?aaeaeaiiuie i?a?uaaieyie,
oeo/oaiiie i?aaiecaoeeae eyo-iaiyoe, nenoaiiuo oei (oeia Xpress oe?iu
Intel). Yoe SMP-nenoaiu eniieuecotho iiaue oieoeoee?iaaiiue iaai?
AEN-eii-o?ieea?ia i?a?uaaiee oeia ASIC (Advanced Programmable Interrupt
Controller) ia i?ioeanni?ao Pentium 735/90 eee Pentium 815/100. I? Spec
V.1.1 onoaiaaeeaaao oaeoe/aneee i?iiuoeaiiue noaiaea?o ia iaoaieci
iiaeaea?aeee ?ani?aaeaeaiiuo i?a?uaaiee a SMP-nenoaiao ia aaca iaeaieaa
niaa?oaiiuo i?ioeanni?ia Intel-a?oeoaeoo?u. Yoe nenoaiu iicaieytho
eniieueciaaoue ana oaea nouanoaothuea i?ia?aiiu aeey AO-niaianoeiuo
eiiiuethoa?ia, iiaeaea?aeeaay iaeiia?aiaiii nicaeaiea iee?iyaea?iuo IN
iiaiai iieieaiey aeey iiiaii?ioeanni?iuo ieaooi?i.
Auaiaeu
A oeaeii, eniieueciaaiea i?ioeanni?ia, i?eaioe?iaaiiuo ia
iaeiii?ioeanni?ioth eiioeao?aoeeth a iiiaii?ioeanni?iuo nenoaiao
ii?aaaeaii eeoue a iaeanoyo, o?aaothueo iaaei?iaeo ?aoaiee i?e oia?aiiuo
o?aaiaaieyo e i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe. Iaeiaei a iineaaeiaa a?aiy oe?ia
Intel ?ac?aaaouaaao naie i?ioeanni?u ecia/aeueii n aiciiaeiinoueth
iino?iaiey iiiaii?ioeanni?iie eiioeao?aoeee, ii n ia?aie/aiiui /eneii
i?ioeanni?ia (io 2 aei 8 oooe a iaeiie SMP-nenoaia).
Iiaeii oeacaoue, /oi iineaaeiea i?ioeanni?u (Pentium II,III) yaeytho
niaie aeinoaoi/ioth i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue aeey auiieiaiey caaea/
na?aa?ia aac aeaiiuo, eioa?iao-na?aa?ia. Oae aea, ?acaeoea a?aoe/aneie
iiaenenoaiu nia?aiaiiuo Intel-i?eaioe?iaaiiuo eiiiuethoa?ia iicaieyao
?anniao?eaaoue oaeea ioeueoei?ioeanni?iua SMP-nenoaiu eae ?aaeueioth
aeueoa?iaoeao aei?iaei a?aoe/aneei noaioeeyi oeia SGI Onyx, O2.
Eoae, ?aaeecaoeey aeaiiie niaoeeoeeaoeee ia naaiaeiyoiai yoaia oaea
iicaieeea nieceoue iauoth noieiinoue SMP-nenoai aei 2-4 ouny/ aeieea?ia
ii n?aaiaieth n 6-20 ouny/aie a 1994-97 aiaeao.
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u
AEo?iaeu “Ioe?uoua Nenoaiu”, 1996-1997,?3,4 ca 1998.
Ia?aaiae: Aeeeeno?a Y. Acaeiiaeaenoaea iineaaeiaaoaeueiuo i?ioeannia.
[Dijkstra E. W., Co-operating Sequential Processes, Programming
Languages: NATO advanced study institute, Genuys F., ed.. Academic
Press, London, 1968.]
8-Bit Parallel Central Processor Unit, MCS-8 User’s Manual, Intel
Corp., Santa Clara, CA. March 1973.
Ashenhurst R. L., Vonderohe R. H., A Hierarchical Network, Datamation
(February 1975).
Brillouin L., Science and Information Theory, Academic Press, New York,
N.Y., 1962.
Carr W.N., Mize J. P., MOS/LSI Design and Application, Texas
Instruments Electronic Series, McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y., 1972.
Chu Y., ed., High-Level Language Computer Architecture, Academic Press,
New York, N.Y., 1975.
Dahl O.J., Dijkstra E. W., Hoare C.A.R., Structured Programming,
Academic Press, London, 1972.
Frost D., Designing for Generality, Datamation (December 1974).
Gilbert P., Chandler W.J., Interface Between Communicating Parallel
Processes, Communications of the ACM, 15, 6 (June 1972).
Gries D., Compiler Construction for Digital Computers, Wiley, New York,
N.Y., 1971.
Niaoeeoeeaoeey ioeueoei?ioeanni?iie nenoaiu ia iniiaa PC/AT
?aaioa nooaeaioa a?oiiu N-102 Eo?aaoiaa E.A PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 16 /
NUMPAGES \* MERGEFORMAT 22
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