Автоматизированное рабочее место регистрации и документирования комплекса средств автоматизации

Niaea?aeaiea

TOC \o “1-5″ ?aoa?ao PAGEREF _Toc411885752 \h 4

Iniiaiay /anoue PAGEREF _Toc411885753 \h 5

Aaaaeaiea PAGEREF _Toc411885754 \h 5

1. Aiaeec eiioeaioeee iino?iaiey eiiieaena n?aaenoa aaoiiaoecaoeee
PAGEREF _Toc411885755 \h 8

1.1. Iauay oa?aeoa?enoeea nenoai oi?aaeaiey PAGEREF _Toc411885756 \h
8

1.2. No?oeoo?iay noaia eiiieaena n?aaenoa aaoiiaoecaoeee. PAGEREF
_Toc411885757 \h 11

1.3. Iienaiea ooieoeeiie?iaaiey ANO eiiieaena n?aaenoa aaoiiaoecaoeee
PAGEREF _Toc411885758 \h 13

1.4. Ooieoeeiiaeueiia iacia/aiea A?I ?Ae PAGEREF _Toc411885759 \h 14

1.5. O?aaiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e A?I ?Ae PAGEREF _Toc411885760 \h 15

2. Iainiiaaiea auai?a oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa A?I ?Ae PAGEREF
_Toc411885761 \h 17

2.1. Aiciiaeiinoue ooieoeeiie?iaaoue a ?aieao aaoiiaoece?iaaiiie nenoaiu
PAGEREF _Toc411885762 \h 17

2.2. O?aaiaaiey ii iaania/aieth iaaeaaeiinoe PAGEREF _Toc411885763 \h
17

2.3. O?aaiaaiea e?oaeinooi/iie ?aaiou PAGEREF _Toc411885764 \h 17

2.4. ?aaioa a ?aaeueiii ianooaaa a?aiaie PAGEREF _Toc411885765 \h 18

2.5. Iaania/aiea o?aaiaaiee ei a?aiaie ?aaeoeee nenoaiu PAGEREF
_Toc411885766 \h 18

2.6. O?aiaiea e ia?aaioea aeaiiuo PAGEREF _Toc411885767 \h 18

2.7. Aiciiaeiinoue auaea/e eioi?iaoeee ia i?eioa? e ye?ai iiieoi?a A?I
?Ae PAGEREF _Toc411885768 \h 19

3. No?oeoo?a aacu aeaiiuo PAGEREF _Toc411885769 \h 20

3.1. Aeai?eoi ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee PAGEREF _Toc411885770 \h 20

3.2. Iainiiaaiea iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?aaiecaoeee aacu aeaiiuo PAGEREF
_Toc411885771 \h 34

3.2.1. Iiiyoea aacu aeaiiuo PAGEREF _Toc411885772 \h 34

3.2.2. Aeinoieinoaa eioaa?aoeee aeaiiuo. PAGEREF _Toc411885773 \h 35

3.2.3. I?iaeaiu eioaa?aoeee aeaiiuo PAGEREF _Toc411885774 \h 37

3.2.4. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue i?aaiecaoeee AAe ia A?I ?Ae PAGEREF
_Toc411885775 \h 38

3.3. Eiae/aneay i?aaiecaoeey aacu aeaiiuo PAGEREF _Toc411885776 \h 39

3.4. Auai? NOAAe PAGEREF _Toc411885777 \h 45

4. No?oeoo?a eiiieaena i?ia?aii A?I ?Ae PAGEREF _Toc411885778 \h 51

4.1. Iainiiaaiea no?oeoo?u eiiieaena i?ia?aii PAGEREF _Toc411885779 \h
51

4.1.1. II iauanenoaiiiai iacia/aiey PAGEREF _Toc411885780 \h 51

4.1.2. II niaoeeaeueiiai iacia/aiey PAGEREF _Toc411885781 \h 53

4.1.3. O?aaiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e niaoeeaeueiiio II A?I ?Ae PAGEREF
_Toc411885782 \h 53

4.2. I?ia?aiiiay ?aaeecaoeey PAGEREF _Toc411885783 \h 54

4.3. Ninoaa i?ia?aii PAGEREF _Toc411885784 \h 59

4.4. Iienaiea i?ia?aii PAGEREF _Toc411885785 \h 61

4.5. Ioeaiea ?acoeueoaoia ?aaiou i?ia?aii PAGEREF _Toc411885786 \h 63

I?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneay /anoue PAGEREF _Toc411885787 \h 66

Aaaaeaiea PAGEREF _Toc411885788 \h 66

1. Ieaie?iaaiea ?ac?aaioee n eniieueciaaieai naoaaiai a?aoeea PAGEREF
_Toc411885789 \h 67

2. ?an/ao noieiinoe ?ac?aaioee PAGEREF _Toc411885790 \h 79

2.1. ?an/?o noaouee “iaoa?eaeu, iieoiiua ecaeaeey, iieooaa?eeaou”
PAGEREF _Toc411885791 \h 79

2.2. ?an/?o iniiaiie ca?aaioiie ieaou ii oaia PAGEREF _Toc411885792 \h
80

2.3. ?an/ao aeiiieieoaeueiie ca?aaioiie ieaou PAGEREF _Toc411885793 \h
81

2.4. ?an/?o io/eneaiee ia nioeeaeueiua ioaeaeu PAGEREF _Toc411885794
\h 82

2.5. ?an/?o iaeeaaeiuo ?anoiaeia PAGEREF _Toc411885795 \h 82

2.6. ?an/?o aeiaiai?iie oeaiu PAGEREF _Toc411885796 \h 83

3. Yeiiiie/aneay yooaeoeaiinoue ?ac?aaioee PAGEREF _Toc411885797 \h
84

4. Iniiaiua ?acaeaeu oicyenoaaiiiai aeiaiai?a PAGEREF _Toc411885798 \h
84

Caeeth/aiea PAGEREF _Toc411885799 \h 86

Io?aia o?oaea e oaoieea aaciianiinoe PAGEREF _Toc411885800 \h 87

Aaaaeaiea PAGEREF _Toc411885801 \h 87

1. Oa?aeoa?enoeea iiiauaiey e oaeoi?u, aeaenoaothuea ia iia?aoi?a a
i?ioeanna aai o?oaea PAGEREF _Toc411885802 \h 88

2. ?an/?o inaauaiey ?aai/aai ianoa iia?aoi?a PAGEREF _Toc411885803 \h
89

3. ?an/?o eioi?iaoeeiiiie iaa?ocee PAGEREF _Toc411885804 \h 94

Auaiaeu PAGEREF _Toc411885805 \h 95

A?aaeaeaineay iai?iia PAGEREF _Toc411885806 \h 97

Aaaaeaiea PAGEREF _Toc411885807 \h 97

1. Oai?aoe/aneay /anoue PAGEREF _Toc411885808 \h 98

1.1. Ioeaiea aicaeaenoaey oaea?iie aieiu ia iauaeo PAGEREF
_Toc411885809 \h 98

1.1.1. Oa?aeoa?enoeee oaea?iie aieiu PAGEREF _Toc411885810 \h 98

1.1.2. Ii?aaeathuea oaeoi?u oaea?iie aieiu PAGEREF _Toc411885811 \h
99

1.2. Ioeaiea iiaea?iie ianoaiiaee PAGEREF _Toc411885812 \h 101

1.2.1. Aeeyiea noaiaie iaianoieeinoe caeaiee e nii?oaeaiee ia ?acaeoea
iiaea?iie ianoaiiaee PAGEREF _Toc411885813 \h 102

1.2.2. Aeeyiea eaoaai?ee iiaea?iiianiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa ia ?acaeoea
iiaea?iie ianoaiiaee PAGEREF _Toc411885814 \h 102

1.2.3. Aeeyiea ?annoiyiee iaaeaeo caeaieyie ia ?ani?ino?aiaiea iiaea?ia
PAGEREF _Toc411885815 \h 103

1.2.4. Aeeyiea iiaiaeiuo oneiaee ia ?ani?ino?aiaiea iiaea?ia PAGEREF
_Toc411885816 \h 103

1.2.5. Ioeaiea aicaeaenoaey oaieiaiai eiioeuena iaiaiiiai oa?a ia
iiaea?ioth ianoaiiaeo PAGEREF _Toc411885817 \h 103

1.2.6. Ioeaiea aicaeaenoaey aoi?e/iuo ii?aaeathueo oaeoi?ia ia
iiaea?ioth ianoaiiaeo PAGEREF _Toc411885818 \h 105

1.2.7. Aicaeaenoaea iiaea?a ia ethaeae e yeaiaiou iauaeoa PAGEREF
_Toc411885819 \h 105

1.3. Ioeaiea onoie/eainoe yeaiaioia iauaeoa PAGEREF _Toc411885820 \h
105

2. ?an/aoiay /anoue PAGEREF _Toc411885821 \h 106

2.1. Enoiaeiua aeaiiua PAGEREF _Toc411885822 \h 106

2.2. ?an/ao PAGEREF _Toc411885823 \h 106

2.2.1. Ioeaiea aicaeaenoaey aicaeooiie oaea?iie aieiu ia yeaiaiou
iauaeoa PAGEREF _Toc411885824 \h 106

2.2.2. Ioeaiea iiaea?iie ianoaiiaee PAGEREF _Toc411885825 \h 107

3. I?aaeeiaeaiey ii caueoa PAGEREF _Toc411885826 \h 109

3.1. Ioianaiea o?aieeeua ia aaciianiia ?annoiyiea io caeaiey PAGEREF
_Toc411885827 \h 109

3.2. Oiaiueoaiea iannu o?aieiiai i?iiaia PAGEREF _Toc411885828 \h 110

3.3. Ia?u ii i?aaeoi?aaeaeaieth aaa?eeiie neooaoeee ia o?aieeeua i?iiaia
PAGEREF _Toc411885829 \h 111

3.4. Ia?u ii caueoa aaeieieno?aoeaiiai caeaiey PAGEREF _Toc411885830
\h 112

3.5. Ia?u ii eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie caueoa iia?aoi?a PAGEREF _Toc411885831
\h 112

Y?aiiiieea PAGEREF _Toc411885832 \h 113

1. Oai?aoe/aneay /anoue PAGEREF _Toc411885833 \h 114

1.1. Aaciaue iiaeoiae e eiino?oe?iaaieth ?aai/aai ianoa iia?aoi?a
PAGEREF _Toc411885834 \h 114

1.2. Iiiyoea ?aai/aai ianoa e ?aai/ae ciiu iia?aoi?a PAGEREF
_Toc411885835 \h 115

1.3. Oi?ie?iaaiea oeiiaiai ninoaaa ?aai/ae ciiu PAGEREF _Toc411885836
\h 115

1.3.1. I?aaiecaoeey i?ino?ainoaa ?aai/aai ianoa iia?aoi?a PAGEREF
_Toc411885837 \h 116

1.3.2. Oneiaey, eioi?ui aeieaeia oaeiaeaoai?youe ?aai/ay ciia PAGEREF
_Toc411885838 \h 116

2. ?aaeecaoeey y?aiiiie/aneie ioeaiee ?aai/aai ianoa iia?aoi?a PAGEREF
_Toc411885839 \h 117

2.1. Iniiaiua y?aiiiie/aneea o?aaiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e aeenieath
PAGEREF _Toc411885840 \h 118

2.2. Iniiaiua y?aiiiie/aneea o?aaiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e eeaaeaoo?a
PAGEREF _Toc411885841 \h 120

2.3. ?aciauaiea e?anea iia?aoi?a a ?aai/ae ciia PAGEREF _Toc411885842
\h 121

2.4. ?aciauaiea ono?ienoa aeieoiaioe?iaaiey PAGEREF _Toc411885843 \h
121

2.5. ?aniieiaeaiea ?aai/aai ianoa iia?aoi?a a iiiauaiee PAGEREF
_Toc411885844 \h 122

Caeeth/aiea PAGEREF _Toc411885845 \h 124

Caeeth/aiea PAGEREF _Toc411885846 \h 127

I?eeiaeaiea 1 PAGEREF _Toc411885847 \h 128

I?eeiaeaiea 2 PAGEREF _Toc411885848 \h 131

Nienie eeoa?aoo?u PAGEREF _Toc411885849 \h 163

?aoa?ao

Aeaiiay ?an/aoii-iiynieoaeueiay caienea ninoieo ec 5-oe iniiaiuo
?acaeaeia, eioi?ua a iauae neiaeiinoe caieiatho 163 ia/aoiuo eenoa. A
ninoaa iyoe iniiaiuo ?acaeaeia aoiaeyo: niaoeeaeueiay /anoue aeeieiiiiai
i?iaeoa, i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneay /anoue, ?acaeaeu ii io?aia o?oaea
e oaoieea aaciianiinoe, a?aaeaeaineie iai?iia e y?aiiiieea.

Oaeno ?an/aoii-iiynieoaeueiie caienee nii?iaiaeaeaaony ?enoieaie e
oaaeeoeaie. ?an/aoii-iiynieoaeueiay caienea niaea?aeeo 30 ?enoieia, ec
ieo 7 ?enoieia oi?iaoa A1 e 8 oaaeeoe.

A aeeieiiiii i?iaeoa ia oaio: “Aaoiiaoece?iaaiiia ?aai/aa ianoi
?aaeno?aoeee e aeieoiaioe?iaaiey eiiieaena n?aaenoa aaoiiaoecaoeee”
?ac?aaioaiu i?ia?aiiu ia?aaioee cai?inia aeey 3-o oi?i i?aaenoaaeaiey
aaeoia ninoiyiey ono?ienoa, aoiaeyueo a eiiieaen n?aaenoa
aaoiiaoecaoeee.

I?ia?aiiu inouanoaeytho oi?ie?iaaiea e ia?aaioeo cai?inia aeey eaaeaeie
ec 3-o oi?i i?aaenoaaeaiey aaeoia ninoiyiey e auaea/o ?acoeueoaoia
cai?ina a oaee. I?ia?aiiu ?aaioatho niaianoii n II, inouanoaeythuei
auaea/o ?acoeueoaoia cai?ina ia ye?ai iiieoi?a e i?eioa?. Iienaiea
aeai?eoiia i?ia?aii e naieo i?ia?aii, a oaeaea ioeaiea ?acoeueoaoia
?aaiou i?ia?aii i?eaaaeaiu a ?an/aoii-iiynieoaeueiie caienea. I?ia?aiia
iaienaia ia ycuea Borland C++, eiiieeyoeey e ioeaaeea i?iaaaeaiu a
nenoaia i?ia?aiie?iaaiey N++.

Aeaiiay i?ia?aiia aoiaeeo a ninoaa i?ia?aiiiiai eiiieaena,
?ac?aaaouaaaiiai iao/ii-oaoie/aneei ioaeaeii, a eioi?ii nicaeaaaeny
aeeieiiiue i?iaeo.

Iniiaiay /anoue

Aaaaeaiea

Caaea/a iaeiieaiey, ia?aaioee e ?ani?ino?aiaiey (iaiaia) eioi?iaoeee
noiyea ia?aae /aeiaa/anoaii ia anao yoaiao aai ?acaeoey. A oa/aiea
aeieaiai a?aiaie iniiaiuie eino?oiaioaie aeey aa ?aoaiey auee iica, ycue
e neoo /aeiaaea. Ia?aia ea?aeeiaeueiia eciaiaiea i?iecioei n i?eoiaeii
ienueiaiiinoe, a caoai ecia?aoaieai eieaiia/aoaiey. Iineieueeo a yiioo
eieaiia/aoaiey iniiaiui iineoaeai eioi?iaoeee noaea aoiaaa, oi
oaoiieiaeth iaeiieaiey e ?ani?ino?aiaiey eioi?iaoeee anoanoaaiii
iacuaaoue “aoiaaeiie eioi?iaoeeie”.

Iieiaeaiea a ei?ia eciaieeinue n iiyaeaieai yeaeo?iiiuo au/eneeoaeueiuo
iaoei (YAI). Ia?aua YAI eniieueciaaeenue eae aieueoea aaoiiaoe/aneea
a?eoiiiao?u. I?eioeeieaeueii iiaue oaa aue niaa?oai, eiaaea io
i?eiaiaiey YAI aeey ?aoaiey ioaeaeueiuo caaea/ ia?aoee e eo
eniieueciaaieth aeey eiiieaeniie aaoiiaoecaoeee oao eee eiuo caeii/aiiuo
o/anoeia aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea ii ia?a?aaioea eioi?iaoeee.

Iaeiei ec ia?auo i?eia?ia iiaeiaiiai nenoaiiiai i?eiaiaiey YAI a ie?iaie
i?aeoeea auee oae iacuaaaiua aaeieieno?aoeaiua nenoaiu ia?aaioee
aeaiiuo: aaoiiaoecaoeey aaieianeeo iia?aoeee, aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa,
?aca?ae?iaaiey e ioi?ieaiey aeeaoia e o.i. ?aoathuaa cia/aiea aeey
yooaeoeaiinoe nenoai iiaeiaiiai ?iaea eiaao oi ianoiyoaeuenoai, /oi iie
iie?athony ia aaoiiaoece?iaaiiua eioi?iaoeeiiiua aacu. Yoi icia/aao, /oi
a iaiyoe YAI iinoiyiii nio?aiyaony eioi?iaoeey, ioaeiay aeey ?aoaiey oao
caaea/, ia eioi?ua ?ann/eoaia nenoaia. Iia e ninoaaeyao niaea?aeeiia
eioi?iaoeeiiiie aacu niioaaonoaothuae nenoaiu.

I?e ?aoaiee i/a?aaeiie caaea/e nenoaia ioaeaeaaony ai aaiaea oieueei
iaaieueoie ii?oeee aeiiieieoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee, – inoaeueiia aa?aony ec
eioi?iaoeeiiiie aacu. Eaaeaeay ii?oeey aiiaue aaiaeeiie eioi?iaoeee
eciaiyao eioi?iaoeeiiioth aaco nenoaiu. Yoa aaca (eioi?iaoeeiiiay, eee
aaca aeaiiuo) iaoiaeeony, oaeei ia?acii, a ninoiyiee iai?a?uaiiai
iaiiaeaiey, io?aaeay ana eciaiaiey, i?ienoiaeyuea a ?aaeueiii iauaeoa, n
eioi?ui eiaao aeaei nenoaia.

O?aiaiea eioi?iaoeee a iaiyoe YAI i?eaeaao yoie eioi?iaoeee
i?eioeeieaeueii iiaia ea/anoai aeeiaie/iinoe, o.a. niiniaiinoe e auno?ie
ia?ano?ieea e iaiin?aaenoaaiiiio aa eniieueciaaieth a ?aoaaiuo ia YAI
caaea/ao. Ono?ienoaa aaoiiaoe/aneie ia/aoe, eioi?uie niaaaeaiu
nia?aiaiiua YAI, iicaieytho a neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe auno?i i?aaenoaaeoue
ethaoth auai?eo ec yoie eioi?iaoeee a oi?ia i?aaenoaaeaiey ia aoiaaa.

Ii ia?a naiaai aeaeueiaeoaai ?acaeoey aaeieieno?aoeaiua nenoaiu
ia?aaioee aeaiiuo ia?a?anoatho a aaoiiaoece?iaaiiua nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey
(ANO) niioaaonoaothueie iauaeoaie, a eioi?uo, eae i?aaeei, ia
ia?aie/eaathony iaeiie YAI, a a ninoaaa aeaoo e aieaa YAI iauaaeeiytho a
au/eneeoaeueiue eiiieaen (AE).

Aaoiiaoece?iaaiiay nenoaia oi?aaeaiey (ANO) – yoi /aeiaaeiiaoeiiay
nenoaia, a eioi?ie n iiiiuueth oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa iaania/eaaaony nai?,
iaeiieaiea, ia?aaioea eioi?iaoeee, oi?ioee?iaaiea iioeiaeueiie no?aoaaee
oi?aaeaiey ii?aaeaeaiiuie eiiiiiaioaie e auaea/a ?acoeueoaoia /aeiaaeo
eee a?oiia ethaeae, i?eieiathueo ?aoaiea ii oi?aaeaieth. Iiae
iioeiaeueiie no?aoaaeae iiieiaaony no?aoaaey, ieieiece?othuay eee
iaeneiece?othuay iaeioi?ua oa?aeoa?enoeee iauaeoa.

N oeaeueth iaania/aiey aiciiaeiinoe acaeiiaeaenoaey /aeiaaea n YAI a
eioa?aeoeaiii ?aaeeia iiyaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiinoue ?aaeeciaaoue a ?aieao
ANO oae iacuaaaiia A?I – aaoiiaoece?iaaiiia ?aai/aa ianoi. A?I
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie niaieoiiinoue i?ia?aiiii-aiia?aoiuo n?aaenoa,
iaania/eaathueo acaeiiaeaenoaea /aeiaaea n YAI, o.a. oaeea ooieoeee eae:

aiciiaeiinoue aaiaea eioi?iaoeee a YAI;

aiciiaeiinoue auaiaea eioi?iaoeee ec YAI ia ye?ai iiieoi?a, i?eioa? eee
ae?oaea ono?ienoaa auaiaea (a ianoiyuaa a?aiy yoio ia?a/aiue aeinoaoi/ii
oe?ie – a?aoiiino?ieoaee, e o.i.).

Oae iacuaaaiua eioaeeaeooaeueiua A?I a naith i/a?aaeue oaeaea niaea?aeao
a naiai ninoaaa YAI, oai eee eiui niiniaii iiaeniaaeeiaiioth e
oeaio?aeueiie YAI (AE) ANO. Ono?ienoaa aaiaea oaeaea aeieaeiu
iaania/eaaoue oe?ieee niaeo? aaiaeeiie eioi?iaoeee: oaenoiaie,
eii?aeeiaoiie, oaeneieeueiie e o.ae. Iiyoiio A?I iniauathony i?e
iaiaoiaeeiinoe oieaa?naeueiie eee niaoeeaeueiie eeaaeaoo?ie,
ono?ienoaaie aaiaea eii?aeeiaoiie eioi?iaoeee (oeia iuoe), ?acee/iiai
?iaea neaia?aie e o.ae.

N oeaeueth iiauneoue niaeo? oi?i i?aaenoaaeaiey eioi?iaoeee, auaiaeeiie
ec YAI, A?I iniauaaony oeaaoiuie iiieoi?aie, n?aaenoaaie nicaeaiey e
oi?aaeaiey caoeiauie neaiaeaie aieioue aei aiciiaeiinoe nicaeaiey e
aini?iecaaaeaiey ?a/aauo neaiaeia.

1. Aiaeec eiioeaioeee iino?iaiey eiiieaena n?aaenoa aaoiiaoecaoeee

1.1. Iauay oa?aeoa?enoeea nenoai oi?aaeaiey

Nenoaia oi?aaeaiey – yoi niaieoiiinoue oi?aaeyaiiai iauaeoa eee
i?ioeanna e ono?ienoaa oi?aaeaiey, e eioi?iio ioiineony eiiieaen
n?aaenoa i?eaia, nai?a e ia?aaea/e eioi?iaoeee e oi?ie?iaaiey
oi?aaeythueo neaiaeia e eiiaiae. I?e yoii aeaenoaea nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey
iai?aaeaii ia oeo/oaiea e iiaeaea?aeaiea ?aaiou i?ioeanna eee iauaeoa. A
iaeioi?uo neo/ayo aac ANO aiiaua iaaiciiaeii ?aoaiea caaea/e a neeo
neiaeiinoe i?ioeanna oi?aaeaiey. Oi?aaeyaiue iauaeo – yoi yeaiaio
nenoaiu, eioi?ue aeey ii?iaeueiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey ioaeaeaaony a
nenoaiaoe/aneii eiio?iea e ?aaoee?iaaiee. Oi?aaeythuee iauaeo – yeaiaio
nenoaiu, eioi?ue iaania/eaaao neaaeaiea ca aeayoaeueiinoueth
oi?aaeyaiiai iauaeoa, auyaeyao aiciiaeiua ioeeiiaiey io caaeaiiie
i?ia?aiiu e iaania/eaaao naiaa?aiaiiia i?eaaaeaiea aai e ii?iaeueiiio
ooieoeeiie?iaaieth.

Ana nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey, n oi/ee c?aiey eiaeee eo ooieoeeiie?iaaiey,
?aoatho o?e caaea/e:

Nai? eioi?iaoeee ia oi?aaeyaiii iauaeoa;

Ia?aaioea eioi?iaoeee;

Auaea/a oi?aaeythueo aicaeaenoaee a oie eee eiie oi?ia.

A caaeneiinoe io aeaea nenoaiu, oi?aaeaiea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
aicaeaenoaey ia oece/aneii eee eioi?iaoeeiiiii o?iaia, iai?aaeaiiua ia
iiaeaea?aeaiea eee oeo/oaiea ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oi?aaeyaiiai iauaeoa a
niioaaonoaee n eiathuaeny i?ia?aiiie eee oeaeueth oi?aaeaiey.

?acee/atho aeaa iniiaiuo oeia nenoai oi?aaeaiey:

Nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey oaoiieiae/aneeie i?ioeannaie a oe?ieii niunea yoiai
neiaa, i?aaeiacia/aiiua aeey iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuie i?ioeannaie ia oece/aneii o?iaia i?ioeanna;

Nenoaiu eioi?iaoeeiiiiai oi?aaeaiey, eiathuea aeaei n iauaeoaie
i?aaiecaoeeiiiie i?e?iaeu, i?aaeiacia/aiiua aeey ?aoaiey caaea/
oi?aaeaiey oaeeo iauaeoia oi?aaeaiey, eae e?oiiua oaoie/aneea
iiae?acaeaeaiey, aiaiiua, no?ieoaeueiua e eiua iauaeou ?aciuo ?aiaia.

Aeaaiia ioee/ea iaaeaeo ieie caeeth/aaony a oa?aeoa?a iauaeoa
oi?aaeaiey. A ia?aii neo/aa yoi anaaiciiaeiua onoaiiaee, i?eai?u, noaiee
e i?i/aa, ai aoi?ii – i?aaeaea anaai ethaee.

Ae?oaia ioee/ea iaaeaeo oeacaiiuie nenoaiaie caeeth/aaony a oi?ia
ia?aaea/e eioi?iaoeee. Anee a nenoaiao oi?aaeaiey oaoiieiae/aneeie
i?ioeannaie iniiaiie oi?iie ia?aaea/e eioi?iaoeee yaeythony ?acee/iiai
?iaea neaiaeu, oi a nenoaiao i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai oi?aaeaiey yoi
aeieoiaiou. *aoeoth a?aieoeo iaaeaeo aeaoiy ?anniao?eaaaiuie oeiaie
nenoai i?iaanoe iaaiciiaeii, /aua anaai ia?aaea/a eioi?iaoeee
inouanoaeyaony eae n iiiiuueth aeieoiaioia, oae e n iiiiuueth neaiaeia.

Aaoiiaoecaoeey nenoai oi?aaeaiey inouanoaeyaony n iiiiuueth
au/eneeoaeueiie oaoieee. A caaeneiinoe io noaiaie o/anoey /aeiaaea a
oi?aaeaiee, nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey iiaeii eeanneoeoee?iaaoue neaaeothuei
ia?acii:

Aaoiiaoe/aneea;

Iieoaaoiiaoe/aneea;

Aaoiiaoece?iaaiiua.

Aaoiiaoece?iaaiiay nenoaia ia eneeth/aao, a iaiai?io, i?aaeiieaaaao
o/anoea /aeiaaea a oi?aaeaiee nenoaiie e i?eiyoea /aeiaaeii eeth/aauo
?aoaiee, a oi a?aiy eae aaoiiaoe/aneea nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey eneeth/atho
o/anoea /aeiaaea a oi?aaeaiee iauaeoii. Iieoaaoiiaoe/aneay nenoaia
iiaeao ?anniao?eaaoueny eae aa?eaio aaoiiaoe/aneie nenoaiu, a eioi?ie
o?iaaiue ?acaeoey oaoieee aua ia iicaieyao eneeth/eoue /aeiaaea ec
eiioo?ia nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey.

Oeaio?aeueiui yae?ii nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey, n iiiiuueth eioi?iai
inouanoaeyaony aa aaoiiaoecaoeey, yaeyaony au/eneeoaeueiay iaoeia.
Aiciiaeiu aeaa niiniaa acaeiiaeaenoaey iaaeaeo YAI, iauaeoii oi?aaeaiey
e i?aaiii oi?aaeaiey.

A ia?aii neo/aa YAI eniieuecoaony, eae i?aaeei, aeey ?aoaiey ioaeaeueiuo
ia?eiaee/anee iiaoi?ythueony o?oaeiaieeo caaea/. Nai? eioi?iaoeee
aaaeaony a?o/ioth, oae aea inouanoaeyaony e iiaeaioiaea aeieoiaioia n
oi?aaeythueie aicaeaenoaeyie. Iiaeiaiay nenoaia iiaeao auoue iacaaia
nenoaiie ia?aaioee aeaiiuo. Ia?auaiea iieueciaaoaeae e nenoaiai
ia?aaioee aeaiiuo /aua anaai i?eaiaeeo e iaiiaeaieth eioi?iaoeee; auaiae
eioi?iaoeee iiaeao aiana ionoonoaiaaoue eee i?aaenoaaeyoue niaie
?acoeueoao i?ia?aiiiie ia?aaioee o?aieiuo naaaeaiee, a ia naie
naaaeaiey. I?eia?ii nenoaiu ia?aaioee aeaiiuo iiaeao auoue nenoaia
naa?aaaoaeueiiai aaiea ai?iaea. Iia niaea?aeeo naaaeaiey i aeeaaeao
aeeoaeae ai?iaea, aieueoeinoai ia?aaioie aaieianeie eioi?iaoeee
i?aaeiieaaaao iaiiaeaiea noii aeeaaeia, ?an/ao i?ioeaioia, iiaeaaaeaiea
eoiaia ca iaeioi?ue ia?eiae ?aaiou e o.i.

Ai aoi?ii neo/aa iniiaiay eioi?iaoeey i ninoiyiee oi?aaeyaiiai iauaeoa
niae?aaony aaoiiaoe/anee iaoeiie (a iauai neo/aa – au/eneeoaeueiui
oeaio?ii). YAI ia?a?aaaouaaao iinooiathuoth eioi?iaoeeth e a oii eee
eiii aeaea aioiaeo auoiaeioth aeieoiaioaoeeth, iinea /aai auiineony
?aoaiea i aicaeaenoaee ia iauaeo. Aaoiiaoece?iaaiiua nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey
eeanneoeoee?otho oaeaea a caaeneiinoe io aeaea auaeaaaaiie eie auoiaeiie
aeieoiaioaoeee. Iineaaeiyy iiaeao auoue i?aaenoaaeaia a aeaea:

Ia?a?aaioaiiie, oii?yaei/aiiie niaieoiiinoe naaaeaiee ia oi?aaeyaiii
iauaeoa. Ia iniiaaiee eo /aeiaae (eee a?oiia ethaeae) i?eieiaao ?aoaiea
i oa?aeoa?a aicaeaenoaey ia iauaeo. Yoi naienoaaiii nenoaia ia?aaioee
aeaiiuo, ii ia nianoaaiii aaoiiaoece?iaaiiie nenoaia.

Niaieoiiinoe ?aeiiaiaeaoeee (aa?eaioia ?aoaiey) ioiineoaeueii oa?aeoa?a
aicaeaenoaey ia oi?aaeyaiue iauaeo. Ieii/aoaeueiia ?aoaiea a aeaiiii
neo/aa i?eieiaao /aeiaae. Oaeay ?aaeecaoeey iaeaieaa oeie/ia aeey
aaoiiaoece?iaaiiuo nenoai oi?aaeaiey.

1.2. No?oeoo?iay noaia eiiieaena n?aaenoa aaoiiaoecaoeee.

ANO i?aaenoaaeyao niaie eiiieaen n?aaenoa aaoiiaoecaoeee (ENA),
auiieiythuee ?yae ooieoeee ii ia?aaioea eioi?iaoeee.

No?oeoo?iay noaia ENA i?aaenoaaeaia ia ?en.1.

Ia no?oeoo?iie noaia iaicia/aiu neaaeothuea ono?ienoaa (eiiiiiaiou ENA):

AE – au/eneeoaeueiue eiiieaen;

eaiaeu nayce, ii eioi?ui iinooiaao eioi?iaoeey io aiaoieo enoi/ieeia (a
aeaeueiaeoai iaicia/athony – EN1, EN2, EN3);

A?I1,…,A?I6 – niaoeeaeece?iaaiiua aaoiiaoece?iaaiiua ?aai/ea ianoa n
ooieoeeyie, oa?aeoa?iuie aeey eaaeaeiai ec ieo, iiaeniaaeeiaiu e AE ii
noueo N1;

O1,…,O3 – niaoeeaeueiua ono?ienoaa;

IO-1,…,IO-3 – ioeueou oi?aaeaiey;

E-II, E-AI – oeaou ia?ae/iiai e aoi?e/iiai yeaeo?iieoaiey.

Aaoiiaoece?iaaiiia ?aai/aa ianoi ?aaeno?aoeee e aeieoiaioe?iaaiey (A?I
?Ae) ?aaeeciaaii ia aaca aeaoo ia?niiaeueiuo eiiiuethoa?ia (IE1, IE2) e
iiaeeeth/aiu e AE ii noueo N2.

1.3. Iienaiea ooieoeeiie?iaaiey ANO eiiieaena n?aaenoa aaoiiaoecaoeee

I?aaenoaaeaiiue a aeeieiiiii i?iaeoa ENA i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
aaoiiaoece?iaaiioth nenoaio oi?aaeaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiuie i?ioeannaie,
i?aaeiacia/aiioth ?aaeeciaaoue neaaeothuea ooieoeee:

i?eai e ia?aaioeo eioi?iaoeee, e?oaeinooi/ii iinooiathuae ii EN a ENA io
aiaoieo enoi/ieeia;

oi?ie?iaaiea e ia?aaea/o iaiaoiaeeiie eioi?iaoeee aeey auaea/e ii EN ia
aiaoiea ono?ienoaa;

ia?aaioeo eioi?iaoeee, e?oaeinooi/ii iinooiathuae io ono?ienoa nenoaiu,
oaeeo eae A?I1 … A?I6, O1 … O3, IO-1 … IO-3, E-II, E-AI;

oi?ie?iaaiea e ia?aaea/o iaiaoiaeeiie eioi?iaoeee ono?ienoaai nenoaiu.

Nai? e ia?aaioea eioi?iaoeee – yoi oeaeay na?ey ca?aiaa caieaie?iaaiiuo
aeaenoaee e iia?aoeee aeey iieo/aiey eioi?iaoeee eee aeaeaaiuo
?acoeueoaoia. Yoi eiiieaen acaeiinaycaiiuo i?ioeannia e iaoiaeia,
iai?aaeaiiuo ia auiieiaiea iniiaiie oeaee.

Iniiaiie caaea/ae aaoiiaoece?iaaiiie nenoaiu yaeyaony aiana ia
oiaiueoaiea eiee/anoaa oi?aaeai/aneiai ia?niiaea (yoi caaea/a
aniiiiaaoaeueiay e ?aoaaony iia ia anaaaea). Iniiaiui aeinoieinoaii
iiaeiaiie nenoaiu yaeyaony oi, /oi aeaaiaea?y ae iiauoaaony ea/anoai
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oi?aaeyaiiai iauaeoa (i?eia?ii ia 15-25%).

Iacaaeneii io aeaea eioi?iaoeee, eioi?ay aeieaeia auoue ia?aaioaia, e
oeia iai?oaeiaaiey, ANO eioi?iaoeeiiiuie i?ioeannaie auiieiyao
neaaeothuea iniiaiua iia?aoeee:

i?eai enoiaeiie eioi?iaoeee;

ia?aaioeo eioi?iaoeee;

iieo/aiea e aiaeec ?acoeueoaoia;

auaea/o oi?aaeythueo aicaeaenoaee.

Nai? eioi?iaoeee a ANO i?iecaiaeeony aaoiiaoe/anee – a AE ia?aaeaaony
eioi?iaoeey io ono?ienoa nenoaiu e eioi?iaoeey io aiaoieo enoi/ieeia,
iinooiathuay ii eaiaeai nayce EN1, EN2, EN3. AE oaeaea ia?aaeaao
eioi?iaoeeth, i?aaeiacia/aiioth aeey ono?ienoa nenoaiu e aiaoieo
enoi/ieeia.

I?ioeann ia?aaioee iinooiathuae eioi?iaoeee auiieiyaony a AE
aaoiiaoe/anee ii ca?aiaa onoaiiaeaiiui, iineaaeiaaoaeueii e eiae/anee
?ac?aaioaiiui aeai?eoiai. A AE oaeaea iinooiaao oi?aaeythuay eioi?iaoeey
ni niaoeeaeueiuo aaoiiaoece?iaaiiuo ?aai/eo iano A?I1…A?I6. Iinea
ia?aaioee a AE niaoeeaeueiuie aeai?eoiaie, iia auaeaaony aiaoiei
ono?ienoaai, eee ono?ienoaai ENA nenoaiu.

Oae eae ANO eioi?iaoeeiiiuie i?ioeannaie – yoi /aeiaaeiiaoeiiay nenoaia,
oi aeey i?aaiecaoeee acaeiiaeaenoaey /aeiaae – ENA iaiaoiaeeii
iaania/eoue aiciiaeiinoue iauaiey /aeiaaea n nenoaiie. Aeey yoiai a
ninoaaa ENA i?aaeoniio?aiu aaoiiaoece?iaaiiua ?aai/ea ianoa A?I1-A?I6, a
oaeaea A?I ?Ae.

1.4. Ooieoeeiiaeueiia iacia/aiea A?I ?Ae

Eae auei ioia/aii auoa, n oeaeueth iaania/aiey aiciiaeiinoe
acaeiiaeaenoaey /aeiaaea n nenoaiie, n oeaeueth aeinooia e ?acoeueoaoai
?aaeno?aoeee eioi?iaoeee, iiyaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiinoue ?aaeeciaaoue a
?aieao ANO A?I ?Ae, i?aaenoaaeythuaa niaie niaieoiiinoue
i?ia?aiiii-aiia?aoiuo n?aaenoa, iaania/eaathueo acaeiiaeaenoaea /aeiaaea
n YAI a eioa?aeoeaiii ?aaeeia.

Any eioi?iaoeey, oee?eoee?othuay a nenoaia, a i?ioeanna oi?aaeaiey
ooieoeeiie?iaaieai oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa nenoaiu e iieo/aiey ?acoeueoaoia
?aaeno?aoeee eioi?iaoeee iinea ia?aaioee a AE niaoeeaeueii
?ac?aaioaiiuie aeai?eoiaie a oi?iaeeciaaiiii aeaea iinooiaao a A?I ?Ae.
A?I ?Ae, a naith i/a?aaeue, ?aaeecoao neaaeothuea ooieoeee:

i?eai aeaiiuo, e?oaeinooi/ii iinooiathueo io AE;

auaea/o eioi?iaoeee a AE;

?aaeno?aoeeth iinooieaoae eioi?iaoeee a iaiyoe YAI;

aeieoiaioe?iaaiea aeaiiuo, ?aciauaiiuo a eioi?iaoeeiiiuo ianneaao.

?aaeno?aoeey – yoi nio?aiaiea a iaiyoe YAI eioi?iaoeee, iinooiathuae a
nenoaio eee oee?eoee?othuae a nenoaia a iaeioi?uo eioi?iaoeeiiiuo
ianneaao, i?aaieciaaiiuo eae aacu aeaiiuo. Oaeaea iaiaoiaeeii
iaania/eoue nio?aiaiea anae eioi?iaoeee i oaoie/aneii ninoiyiee
ono?ienoa, iinooiathuae a nenoaio eee oee?eoee?othuae a nenoaia.

Aeieoiaioe?iaaiea – yoi ii nooe i?aaenoaaeaiea ia ye?aia iiieoi?a eee
i?eioa?a auai?ee ec yoeo eioi?iaoeeiiiuo ianneaia (aac aeaiiuo) a
caaeaiiie, oaeiaiie aeey aeaeueiaeoaai aiaeeca, oi?ia.

O?aiaiea eioi?iaoeee a iaiyoe YAI a aeaea eioi?iaoeeiiiuo ianneaia e
aiciiaeiinoue i?aaenoaaeaiey auai?ie ec yoeo eioi?iaoeeiiiuo ianneaia ia
ye?ai iiieoi?a e i?eioa? aeey iaania/aiey oniaoiiai acaeiiaeaenoaey
/aeiaae–nenoaia – caaea/e ?aaeno?aoeee e aeieoiaioe?iaaiey eioi?iaoeee,
eioi?ua auee iinoaaeaiu ia?aae nicaeaoaeyie A?I ?Ae.

1.5. O?aaiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e A?I ?Ae

I?e auai?a oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa aeey ?aaeecaoeee A?I ?Ae e ?ac?aaioea
II, iaiaoiaeeii o/anoue o?aaiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e A?I ?Ae:

aiciiaeiinoue ooieoeeiie?iaaoue a ?aieao aaoiiaoece?iaaiiie nenoaiu;

e?oaeinooi/iay ?aaioa;

?aaioa a ?aaeueiii ianooaaa a?aiaie;

iaania/aiea o?aaiaaiee ei a?aiaie ?aaeoeee nenoaiu;

?aaeno?aoeey anae eioi?iaoeee, oee?eoee?othuae a nenoaia;

o?aiaiea aeaiiuo i ninoiyiee ono?ienoa nenoaiu;

aiciiaeiinoue auaea/e eioi?iaoeee ia i?eioa? e ye?ai iiieoi?a A?I ?Ae a
oi?ia, iaania/eaathuae yooaeoeaioth ?aaioo iia?aoi?a A?I ?Ae;

iaania/aiea aunieie iaaeaaeiinoe eae oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa, oae e II A?I
?Ae;

iaania/aiea acaeiiaeaenoaey ?ac?aaaouaaaiiai II n eiiiiiaioaie
aaoiiaoece?iaaiiie nenoaiu.

I?aaenoaaeaiiua auoa o?aaiaaiey e A?I ?Ae iiaoo auoue ?aaeeciaaiu i?e
iiiiue auai?a oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa e i?e iiiiue nicaeaiey i?ia?aiiiiai
iaania/aiey, ioaa/athuaai o?aaiaaieyi A?I ?Ae.

Neaaeiaaoaeueii, aeey ANO eioi?iaoeeiiiuie i?ioeannaie, n oeaeueth
aaoiiaoecaoeee nai?a e ia?aaioee aeaiiuo, iaiaoiaeeii ni?iaeoe?iaaoue
i?ia?aiiiia iaania/aiea (II) A?I ?Ae, oaeiaeaoai?ythuaa
ooieoeeiiaeueiiio iacia/aieth A?I ?Ae e aua?aoue oaoie/aneea n?aaenoaa,
oaeiaeaoai?ythuea ooieoeeiiaeueiui o?aaiaaieyi A?I ?Ae.

2. Iainiiaaiea auai?a oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa A?I ?Ae

2.1. Aiciiaeiinoue ooieoeeiie?iaaoue a ?aieao aaoiiaoece?iaaiiie nenoaiu

Aeey ?aaeecaoeee A?I ?Ae aua?aia ia?niiaeueiay YAI IBM PC / AT,
iai?oaeiaaiiay aeaoiy iineaaeiaaoaeueiuie ii?oaie RS 232 (noue N2). I?e
?aaeecaoeee A?I ?Ae aiciiaeii auei eiathueieny o IE n?aaenoaaie (aeaa
ii?oa RS 232) iiaeeeth/eoueny ii noueo N2 e niaoeeaeece?iaaiiiio AE, aac
aei?aaioie IE. Aeey iiaeeeth/aiey AE aue ?ac?aaioai niaoeeaeueiue
aaeaioa?. (ni. ?en. 2).

2.2. O?aaiaaiey ii iaania/aieth iaaeaaeiinoe

Aeey iiauoaiey iaaeaaeiinoe A?I ?Ae ?aaeeciaaii ia aaca 2-o IE a ?aaeeia
ia?aeeaeueiie ?aaiou. Iaaeaaeiinoue iaania/eaaaony noaiie iiaeeeth/aiey
2-o IE e AE, a oaeaea ?aaeeiii ia?aeeaeueiie ?aaiou, i?e eioi?ii ia
eaaeaeie ec IYAI ?aaioaao iaeia e oa aea i?ia?aiia, e iinooiaao iaeia e
oa aea eioi?iaoeey ec AE.

2.3. O?aaiaaiea e?oaeinooi/iie ?aaiou

O?aaiaaiea e?oaeinooi/iie ?aaiou iaania/eaaaony ea/anoaii auiieiaiey
aiia?aoo?u, – YAI IBM PC / AT iiaeao e?oaeinooi/ii ?aaioaoue n
iaaieueoeie aei?aaioeaie eiino?oeoeaa. I?aaeaea anaai yoi eanaaony
niaethaeaiey ii?i oaieiaiai ?aaeeia ?aaiou. Oaeaea i?aaeoniio?ai
aeiiieieoaeueiue enoi/iee yeaeo?iieoaiey, aaoiiaoe/anee aeeth/athueeny a
neo/aa auoiaea ec no?iy iniiaiie nenoaiu ieoaiey.

2.4. ?aaioa a ?aaeueiii ianooaaa a?aiaie

Nenoaiu ?aaeueiiai a?aiaie – yoi nenoaiu, a eioi?uo a?aiy ia?aaioee
cai?ina iaiueoa aeiionoeiiai i?iiaaeooea a?aiaie, a i?aauoaiea yoiai
aeiionoeiiai i?iiaaeooea i?eaiaeeo e naith a ?aaioa nenoaiu.

?aaioa a nenoaia ?aaeueiiai a?aiaie iaania/eaaaony:

auno?iaeaenoaeai IE (aua?ai i?ioeanni? Intel 80386 n iaiaoiaeeiie
oaeoiaie /anoioie, ?aaiie 33 IAoe),

i?iioneiie niiniaiinoueth o?aeoa ia?aaea/e iaaeaeo IE e AE (nei?inoue
1200 aiae),

iaee/eai aooa?a aeey niiauaiee ia aoiaea e auoiaea IE,

auaea/ae aeieoiaioia ia ia/aoue a “oiiiaii” ?aaeeia, ia nieaeay
aiciiaeiinoae ii i?eaio e ia?aaioea eioi?iaoeee ai ecaaaeaiea aa iioa?e.

2.5. Iaania/aiea o?aaiaaiee ei a?aiaie ?aaeoeee nenoaiu

Yoo oa?aeoa?enoeeo iiaeii oeo/oeoue eniieueciaaieai eiio?ieea?a
aeeneiaie iiaeneneoaiu IDE, onoaiiaeie i?a?aiiiiai EYOa, eee
eniieueciaaieai eiio?ieea?a aeenea n aiia?aoiui EYOai iauaiii 1Ia e
auoa.

2.6. O?aiaiea e ia?aaioea aeaiiuo

Aeey o?aiaiey aeaiiuo, iinooiathueo ia A?I ?Ae, II iauanenoaiiiai
iacia/aiey e II niaoeeaeueiiai iacia/aiey iaiaoiaeei ieieiaeueiue ?acia?
aeeneiaie iaiyoe 80 IA, a oaeaea nu?iiua iaaieoiua iineoaee eioi?iaoeee
(aeeneaou) aeey i?aaiecaoeee a?oeaa aeaiiuo.

2.7. Aiciiaeiinoue auaea/e eioi?iaoeee ia i?eioa? e ye?ai iiieoi?a A?I
?Ae

Aeey iaania/aiey aiciiaeiinoe ioia?aaeaiey eioi?iaoeee iaa IE aeieaeiu
auoue oeiiieaeoiaaiu oeaaoiuie iiieoi?aie VGA e i?eioa?aie EPSON LX-100.

3. No?oeoo?a aacu aeaiiuo

3.1. Aeai?eoi ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee

I?aaiecaoeey eioi?iaoeeiiiiai iaiaia a nenoaia

Iinea oiai eae o?aaiaaiey e nenoaia ii?aaeaeaiu e a iniiaiii
i?aaeii?aaeaeai i?ioeann, ia/eiaaony ii?aaeaeaiea o?aaiaaiee e aoiaeiui
aeaiiui, enoi/ieeai aeaiiuo e eo oi?iai. Ia iaiaa aaaeiui ii naiaio
cia/aieth yaeyaony ii?aaeaeaiea oi?iu aeey auoiaeiie eioi?iaoeee,
eioi?ay a oie eee eiie noaiaie i?aaeii?aaeaeyao i?ioeann, iaoiae e
o?aaiaaiey e aoiaeiui aeaiiui.

A A?I ?Ae aeey iaiaia eioi?iaoeeae n AE eniieuecoaony noaiaea?oiue
eioa?oaen RS232 (ii noueo N2), niaeanii eioi?iio eioi?iaoeey ia?aaeaaony
a aeaea niiauaiee ia?aiaiiie aeeeiu (neia). Niiauaiea ninoieo ec 2-o
/anoae – neoaeaaiie e eioi?iaoeeiiiie. II A?I ?Ae eniieuecoao oieueei
eioi?iaoeeiiioth /anoue, o.e. AE aae?anoao niiauaiey oieueei aeey A?I
?Ae. A aeaeueiaeoai aoaeao i?eiaiyoueny e ae?oaia, i?eiyoia aeey yoie
nenoaiu iacaaiea niiauaiey, – eiaeia?aiia iaiaia, eee i?inoi
eiaeia?aiia.

Eiaeia?aiiu, oee?eoee?othuea a nenoaia, iiaoo niaea?aeaoue a naaa
eioi?iaoeeth ?aciiai ?iaea – yoi iiaeao auoue ?anii?yaeaiea
aaeieieno?aoi?a, aee?aeoi?a, o.a. oi?aaeythuea aicaeaenoaey, eioi?ua
eiatho ianoi a ANO. E?iia oiai, a nenoaio i?eoiaeyo eiaeia?aiiu ec EN.
Ana eiaeia?aiiu, oee?eoee?othuea a nenoaia, eiatho oi?iao a ?aieao
ca?aiaa iaiai?aiiiai I?ioieiea eioi?iaoeeiiiiai iaiaia, eioi?ue yaeyaony
iaeiie ec ninoaaeythueo enoiaeiuo aeaiiuo ia ?ac?aaioeo nenoaiu.

N oi/ee c?aiey aeeieiiiiai i?iaeoa eioa?an i?aaenoaaeytho eiaeia?aiiu,
io?aaeathuea ninoiyiea ono?ienoa nenoaiu, eee eioi?iaoeeth
ooieoeeiiaeueiiai eiio?iey.

Ooieoeeiiaeueiue eiio?ieue (OE) – yoi eiio?ieue ?aaioiniiniaiinoe
ono?ienoa nenoaiu e iaia?oaeaiea iaeni?aaiinoae, aicieeathueo a
i?ioeanna ?aaiou. Iiaeii neacaoue, /oi ono?ienoaa, aoiaeyuea a ENA,
ioaa/aiu aeai?eoiii ooieoeeiiaeueiiai eiio?iey. Yoi icia/aao, /oi a
eiaeia?aiiao iaiaia ioaeaeueiua iiey, aeou eee a?oiiu iieae io?aaeatho
oaeouaa ninoiyiea ono?ienoaa n ?acee/iie noaiaiueth aeaoaeecaoeee.
Eiaeia?aiia oi?ie?oaony e ia?aaeaaony ia A?I ?Ae i?e eciaiaiee ninoiyiey
ono?ienoaa a oo eee eioth noi?iio – auei eni?aaii, noaei iaeni?aaii,
auei iaeni?aaii – noaei eni?aaii, o.a. i?e ethaii eciaiaiee noaoona
ono?ienoaa. Yoi eciaiaiea iaia?oaeeaaaony ano?iaiiuie a ono?ienoai
i?ia?aiiii-oaoie/aneeie n?aaenoaaie, eioi?ua e oi?ie?otho eiaeia?aiio,
iinooiathuoth io ono?ienoaa.

Eiaeia?aiiu iaiaia niaea?aeao a naaa eioi?iaoeeth i ninoiyiee nenoaiu,
iai?eia?:

ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiue aeinooi (INAe) e ono?ienoaai nenoaiu;

ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiue aeinooi e iia?aoeaiie iaiyoe (INAe II);

iaaycuaaiea eiaeiie eioi?iaoeee (IEE);

a oaeaea i ninoiyieyo oaoie/aneeo ono?ienoa, oaeeo eae:

iaiai eioi?iaoeeae iaaeaeo ono?ienoaaie nenoaiu;

naie a ?aaioa ono?ienoa, EN, ia?ooaiea nayce n ono?ienoaii, e o.i.;

eioi?iaoeee ooieoeeiiaeueiiai eiio?iey (OE);

eioi?iaoeee aaeoia ninoiyiey (AN) ono?ienoa.

Ii aeaeo eiaeia?aiiu iaiaia II A?I ?Ae ii?aaeaeyao, ioeoaea i?eoea
eiaeia?aiia.

Aeae eiaeia?aii iaiaia iaaeaeo AE e A?I ?Ae i?aaenoaaeai ieaea.

Eiaeia?aiiu iaiaia iaaeaeo AE e A?I ?Ae.

Iauee aeae eiaeia?aiiu ?aaeno?aoeee ?1 i?aaenoaaeai ia ?en.3.
Eiaeia?aiia ?aaeno?aoeee ninoieo ec 6-oe neia, eaaeaeia neiai eiaao
?acia? a aeaa aaeoa.

? neiaa 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

neiai N/ao/ee naiaa

(aeaie/iue eiae) I?eciae

Ia/aoe *anu

(aeaie/iue eiae)

neiai Ieioou (aeaie/iue eiae) Naeoiaeu (aeaie/iue eiae)

neiai 0-e aaeo eiaeia?aiiu 1-e aaeo eiaeia?aiiu

neiai 2-e aaeo eiaeia?aiiu 3-e aaeo eiaeia?aiiu

neiai 4-e aaeo eiaeia?aiiu 5-e aaeo eiaeia?aiiu

Cia/aiea iiey “N/ao/ee naiaa” (11-15 ?ac?yaeu ioeaaiai neiaa) niaea?aeeo
neaaeothuoth eioi?iaoeeth: io iaeni?aaiiai ono?ienoaa iinooiatho
eiaeia?aiiu a AE ii noueo N1. Iiea ono?ienoai iaeni?aaii, eiaeia?aiiu,
niaea?aeauea iaeio e oo aea eioi?iaoeeth, aoaeoo iinooiaoue a AE.
Iineieueeo eioi?iaoeey a eiaeia?aiia ia eciaiyeanue, oi i?ia?aiiu
ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee (eaaeaeay aeey naiaai ono?ienoaa) iaia?oaeea, /oi
oi/ii oaeay aea eiaeia?aiia oaea anoue a i/a?aaee ia ianeoaeeaaiea,
aeaeatho anaai iaanaai oaaee/aiea n/ao/eea yoeo iinooieaoeo iaeeiaeiauo
eiaeia?aii. Yoe n/ao/eee ?aniieiaeaiu a iiea eiaeia?aiiu n eiaiai
“n/ao/ee naiaa”. Iiyoiio, eiaaea eiaeia?aiia aoaeao acyoa ia
ianeoaeeaaiea ec aoiaeiie i/a?aaee, iia iiaeao niaea?aeaoue a naaa
cia/aiea “n/ao/eea naiaa” ioee/iia io 1. Cia/aiea yoiai n/ao/eea, e?iia
oiai, aeaao aiciiaeiinoue aiaeece?iaaoue noaiaiue caa?ocee AE e ea/anoai
ianeoaeeaaiey a “ieeiauo” neooaoeeyo, i?e iaeneiaeueiie caa?ocea AE.

Ni 2-ai ii 5-a neiai eiaeia?aiiu ?aaeno?aoeee ?1 ?aniieaaaaony
neaaeothuay eioi?iaoeey:

eioi?iaoeey iaiaia ii EN1, EN2, EN3;

eioi?iaoeey iaiaia iaaeaeo O1, O2, O3 e AE;

naieiay eioi?iaoeey iaiaia ii EN1, EN2, EN3;

naieiay eioi?iaoeey iaaeaeo O1, O2, O3 e AE;

eioi?iaoeey i IEE.

Iiea “I?eciae ia/aoe” (5-9 ?ac?yaeu 1-ai neiaa eiaeia?aiiu ?aaeno?aoeee
?1) ii?aaeaeyao, io eaeiai ono?ienoaa i?eoea eioi?iaoeey.

?? ?ac?yaeia

1 0 0 1 0 Eioi?iaoeey IEE

Iauee aeae eiaeia?aiiu ?aaeno?aoeee ?2 i?aaenoaaeai ia ?en.5.

? neiaa 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

neiai 0 I?eciae ia/aoe *anu

(aeaie/iue eiae)

neiai Ieioou (aeaie/iue eiae) Naeoiaeu (aeaie/iue eiae)

neiai Iiceoeeiiiue ? aiaoiaai ono?ienoaa

neiai 0 Iiceoeeii. ? aiaoiaai ono?-aa

neiai Eiae i?e/eiu ionoonoaey nayce ii 3-io eaiaeo Eiae oeia ia/aoe ii
INAe e OE

N iiiiuueth yoie eiaeia?aiiu inouanoaeyaony ?aaeno?aoeey:

eioi?iaoeee OE (ooieoeeiiaeueiiai eiio?iey);

eioi?iaoeee INAe;

eioi?iaoeee INAe II;

eioi?iaoeee AN (aaeoia ninoiyiey) ono?ienoa.

Cia/aiea iiey “I?eciae ia/aoe” (5-9 ?ac?yaeu 1-ai neiaa)

10011- ?aaeno?aoeey INAe, 10101- ?aaeno?aoeey INAe II,

10100- ?aaeno?aoeey OE, 10110- ?aaeno?aoeey AN

?aaeno?aoeey INAe (i?eciae ia/aoe = 10011).

A ieaaeoai aaeoa 4-ai neiaa eiaeia?aiiu i?e ?aaeno?aoeee INAe
caienuaaaony eiae oeia ia/aoe, i?eieiathuee neaaeothuea cia/aiey
(?en.6):

?? ?ac?yaeia

Ai 2-ii neiaa e [0-7] ?ac?yaeao 3-ai neiaa ia?aaeaaony iiceoeeiiiue eiae
ono?ienoa, ii eioi?ui iinooieei niiauaiea oeacaiiia “Eiaeii oeia
ia/aoe”. Iaee/ea “1” (“0”) a niioaaonoaothuai ?ac?yaea oeacuaaao, /oi ii
aeaiiiio ono?ienoao iinooieei (ia iinooieei) niiauaiea. Niioaaonoaea
?ac?yaeia ono?ienoaai iieacaii ieaea (?en.7, ?en.8).

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

0 -O1 5 -A?I1 10 – 15-

1 -O2 6 – 11 –

2 – 7 -A?I2 12 -A?I5

3 – 8 -A?I3 13 -A?I6

4 -O3 9 -A?I4 14 –

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

0 -A?I ?Ae 1 2 -E-II

1 -A?I ?Ae 2 3 -E-AI

?aaeno?aoeey ?acoeueoaoia OE (i?eciae ia/aoe = 10100).

A 4-ii neiaa eiaeia?aiiu i?e ?aaeno?aoeee OE caienuaaaony eiae oeia
ia/aoe, i?eieiathuee neaaeothuea cia/aiey (?en.9).

?? ?ac?yaeia

–19 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 OE, n IO3 naycue ainnoaiiaeaia

Niiauaiey n eiaeii oeia ia/aoe, iiia/aiiua a yoie oaaeeoea cia/eii “**”,
nii?iaiaeaeathony iiceoeeiiiui iiia?ii ono?ienoa ai aoi?ii e o?aoueai
neiaa eiaeia?aiiu.

Niiauaiey n eiaeii oeia ia/aoe, iiia/aiiiai a yoie oaaeeoea cia/eii “–”
ia nii?iaiaeaeathony iiceoeeiiiui iiia?ii ono?ienoa ai aoi?ii e o?aoueai
neiaa eiaeia?aiiu. Aoi?ia e o?aouea neiaa eiaeia?aiiu ?2 i?e iinooieaiee
eioi?iaoeee OE i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey iiceoeeiiiiai eiaea ono?ienoa.
Aeiioneaaony ethaia ni/aoaiea cia/aiee oeacaiiuo ?ac?yaeia a yoeo
neiaao.

Ono?ienoaa, ii eioi?ui iinooiatho ia?a/eneaiiua a eiaea oeia ia/aoe
niiauaiey, oeacuaathony “1” niioaaonoaothuai ?ac?yaea ia?aiai eee
aoi?iai neiaa. Niioaaonoaea ?ac?yaea ono?ienoao iieacaii ieaea (?en.10,
11). ?ac?yaeu 15-8 aoi?iai neiaa anaaaea niaea?aeao “0”. Aaeeieoea a
niioaaonoaothuai ?ac?yaea naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i iaee/ee, a ioeue – ia
ionoonoaee niiauaiee OE ii caaeaiiiio ono?ienoao.

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

0 -O1 5 -A?I1 10 -IO3 15-EN3

1 -O2 6 -EN1 11 –

2 -IO1 7 -A?I2 12 -A?I5

3 -IO2 8 -A?I3 13 -A?I6

4 -O3 9 -A?I4 14 -EN2

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

0 -A?I-?Ae1 2 -EI-I

1 -A?I-?Ae2 3 -EA-I

Cia/aiea iiey “Eiae i?e/eiu ionoonoaey nayce”

? ?ac?yaeia I?e/eia ionoonoaey

nayce n aaiiaioii Iaicia

/aiea

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 I?eai io AAI 3-o eiaeia?aii iiae?yae n i?eciaeii
eiio?iey E2 E2

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Ionoonoaea eioi?iaoeee io enoi/ieea ia aoiaea IO1…IO3
aieaa 12 nae. A?

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 I?eai io AAI 3-o eiaeia?aii iiae?yae n AIN-1010 (ia
iieo/ai) II

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Ionoonoaea nayce a o?aeoa ENO -> EN1,EN2,EN3

(aaea ENO- IO1…IO3,AAI) IAe

0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 Ionoonoaea nayce a o?aeoa EN1,EN2,EN3 -> ENO

Aaea E2 – i?eciae eiio?iey, A? – a?aiy iaeeaeaiey, IAe – o?aeo
ia?aaea/e, II – o?aeo i?eaia, II – ia iieo/aii niiauaiea.

Eioi?iaoeey INAe II (i?eciae ia/aoe = 10101).

? neiaa 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

neiai ? ono?ienoaa

(a aeaie/iii eiaea) I?eciae

Ia/aoe *anu

(aeaie/iue eiae)

neiai Ieioou (aeaie/iue eiae) Naeoiaeu (aeaie/iue eiae)

neiai 0 0

neiai Niaea?aeeiia iaiyoe

Iiey eiaeia?aiiu ?aaeno?aoeee INAe II: *anu, Ieioou, Naeoiaeu – a?aiy
ia?auaiey e iaiyoe, Aae?an iaiyoe – aae?an neiaa ICO. A neiaa 5
iaoiaeeony iaiin?aaenoaaiii niaea?aeeiia iaiyoe.

?aaeno?aoeey AN ono?ienoa (i?eciae ia/aoe = 10110).

AN ia?aaeathony a iineaaeieo 4-o neiaao eiaeia?aiiu. Niioaaonoaothuea
ono?ienoaa caieiatho iiae AN io 1-ai aei 4-o neia eiaeia?aiiu. Iauee
aeae eiaeia?aiiu ?aaeno?aoeee AN ono?ienoa i?aaenoaaeai ia ?en.14.

? neiaa 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

neiai ? ono?ienoaa

(a aeaie/iii eiaea) I?eciae

ia/aoe *anu

(aeaie/iue eiae)

neiai Ieioou (aeaie/iue eiae) Naeoiaeu (aeaie/iue eiae)

neiai 1-e aaeo AN 0-e aaeo AN

neiai 3-e aaeo AN 2-e aaeo AN

neiai 5-e aaeo AN 4-e aaeo AN

Iiia?a ono?ienoa i?e ia?aaea/a AN eiaee?othony neaaeothuei ia?acii
(?en.15):

?? ?ac?yaeia

Ono?ienoaa Eiee/anoai neia

0 1 0 0 1 1 EA-I 2

Eiee/anoai neia, ioaaaeaiiia iiae AN, oeacaii a 3-e eieiiea oaaeeoeu.

A caaeneiinoe io oeia ono?ienoaa, neiaa, caiyoua a eiaeia?aiia iiae AN,
eiaee?othony ?acee/iui ia?acii. A ea/anoaa i?eia?a ?anniio?ei
eiaeia?aiiu ?aaeno?aoeee AN aeey ono?ienoa, ioaa/aiiuo OE. Oae,
eiaeia?aiiu ?aaeno?aoeee AN aeey IO1, IO2 e IO3 auaeyaeyo neaaeothuei
ia?acii (?en. 16):

? neiaa 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

neiai ? ono?ienoaa

(a aeaie/iii eiaea) 1 0 1 1 0 *anu

(aeaie/iue eiae)

neiai Ieioou (aeaie/iue eiae) Naeoiaeu (aeaie/iue eiae)

neiai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

neiai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

? ono?ienoaa = 000001 aeey IO1,

? ono?ienoaa = 001000 aeey IO2,

? ono?ienoaa = 001111 aeey IO3.

Iaee/ea “0” eee “1” a ?ac?yaeao [0-5] 2-ai neiaa eiaeia?aiiu
naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i iaee/ee niioaaonoaothueo i?eciaeia, niuneiaia
niaea?aeaiea eioi?uo neaaeothuaa:

aeey IO1 [0,1] ?ac?yaeu 2-ai neiaa

[0] ?. “1” – IO1 caaeiee?iaaii ii OE iia?aoi?ii;

[0] ?. “0” – IO1 ?acaeiee?iaaii ii OE iia?aoi?ii;

[1] ?. “1” – IO1 iaeni?aaii;

[1] ?. “0” – IO1 eni?aaii.

aeey IO2 [2,3] ?ac?yaeu 2-ai neiaa

[2] ?. “1” – IO2 caaeiee?iaaii ii OE iia?aoi?ii;

[2] ?. “0” – IO2 ?acaeiee?iaaii ii OE iia?aoi?ii;

[3] ?. “1” – IO2 iaeni?aaii;

[3] ?. “0” – IO2 eni?aaii.

aeey IO3 [4,5] ?ac?yaeu 2-ai neiaa

[4] ?. “1” – IO3 caaeiee?iaaii ii OE iia?aoi?ii;

[4] ?. “0” – IO3 ?acaeiee?iaaii ii OE iia?aoi?ii;

[5] ?. “1” – IO3 iaeni?aaii;

[5] ?. “0” – IO3 eni?aaii.

Eiaeia?aiia ?aaeno?aoeee AN aeey O1, O2, O3 auaeyaeeo neaaeothuei
ia?acii:

? neiaa 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

neiai ? ono?ienoaa

(a aeaie/iii eiaea) 1 0 1 1 0 *anu

(aeaie/iue eiae)

neiai Ieioou (aeaie/iue eiae) Naeoiaeu (aeaie/iue eiae)

neiai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

neiai 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

? ono?ienoaa = 000000 aeey O1,

? ono?ienoaa = 000111 aeey O2,

? ono?ienoaa = 001011 aeey O3.

Iaee/ea “0” eee “1” a ?ac?yaeao [0-2] 2-ai neiaa eiaeia?aiiu
naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i iaee/ee niioaaonoaothueo i?eciaeia, niuneiaia
niaea?aeaiea eioi?uo neaaeothuaa:

aeey O1 [0] ?ac?yae 2-ai neiaa

“1” – O1 iaeni?aaai;

“0” – O1 eni?aaai.

aeey O2 [1] ?ac?yae 2-ai neiaa

“1” – O2 iaeni?aaai;

“0” – O2 eni?aaai.

aeey O3 [2] ?ac?yae 2-ai neiaa

“1” – O3 iaeni?aaai;

“0” – O3 eni?aaai.

3.2. Iainiiaaiea iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?aaiecaoeee aacu aeaiiuo

3.2.1. Iiiyoea aacu aeaiiuo

Neiaeeaoeeny a i?ioeii iiaeoiae e i?iaeoe?iaaieth nenoai nai?a e
iaeiieaiey eioi?iaoeee e aa yooaeoeaiiai eniieueciaaiey aeey
anaaiciiaeiuo oeaeae ninoiye a aaoiiaoecaoeee ioaeaeueiuo i?ioeannia a
?aieao o?aaiaioia i?aaeiaoiie iaeanoe, eee eae aiai?yo, a nicaeaiee
iiiaeanoaa eieaeueiuo i?eeiaeaiee. A neeo cia/eoaeueiie iacaaeneiinoe
i?eeiaeaiee iaeie e oa aea aeaiiua iiiaie?aoii i?aaenoaaeyeenue a iaiyoe
YAI, a eo niioaaonoaea aeaenoaeoaeueiui cia/aieyi iaania/eaaeinue
ia?eiaee/aneei i?eiaiaieai i?ioeaaeo? iaiiaeaiey. I?e eciaiaiee
eaeeo-eeai naaaeaiee i?eoiaeeeinue ei??aeoe?iaaoue io ianeieueeeo aei
nioai e aeaaea ouny/ caienae.

I?e ia?aoiaea io aaoiiaoecaoeee ioaeaeueiuo i?ioeannia i?aaeiaoiie
iaeanoe e nicaeaieth aaoiiaoece?iaaiiuo eioi?iaoeeiiiuo nenoai o?aaoaony
ia oieueei acaeiioaycea i?eeiaeaiee, ii e ea/anoaaiii iiaue iiaeoiae e
i?aaiecaoeee aeaiiuo. Yoio iiaeoiae ninoieo a eniieueciaaiee aaeeiiai
o?aieeeua – aacu aeaiiuo. Ioaeaeueiua iieueciaaoaee ia?anoatho auoue
aeaaeaeueoeaie oao eee eiuo aeaiiuo. Ana aeaiiua iaeaieeaathony e
o?aiyony oeaio?aeeciaaiii. A iaiyoe YAI nicaeaaony aeeiaie/anee
iaiiaeyaiay iiaeaeue i?aaeiaoiie iaeanoe.

Neiaa “aeeiaie/anee iaiiaeyaiay” icia/atho, /oi niioaaonoaea AAe
oaeouaio ninoiyieth i?aaeiaoiie iaeanoe iaania/eaaaony ia ia?eiaee/anee
(?ac a ianyoe, iaaeaeth, aeaiue), a a ?aaeeia ?aaeueiiai a?aiaie.

I?e auai?eao aeey ?aciuo i?eeiaeaiee yoe caiene iiaoo auoue oii?yaei/aiu
ii-?aciiio, o.a. iieueciaaoaee eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu eiatho
aiciiaeiinoue ia?auaoueny e eioa?anothuei eo aeaiiui, a iaeie e oa aea
aeaiiua iiaoo auoue ii-?aciiio i?aaenoaaeaiu a niioaaonoaee n
iio?aaiinoyie iieueciaaoaeae. I?e yoii anyeia ia?auaiea e aeaiiui
inouanoaeyaony /a?ac iaeee i?ia?aiiiue oeeueo?, iaania/eaathuee, anee
yoi iaiaoiaeeii, i?aaeaa?eoaeueiua i?aia?aciaaiey cai?ioaiiuo
iieueciaaoaeai aeaiiuo.

Ioee/eoaeueiie /a?oie aac aeaiiuo neaaeoao n/eoaoue niaianoiia o?aiaiea
aeaiiuo n eo iienaieyie. O?aaeeoeeiiii iienaiey aeaiiuo niaea?aeaeenue a
i?eeeaaeiuo i?ia?aiiao. I?e yoii anee ia?aaaouaaeinue eeoue aeaa iiey
caiene, i?ia?aiia aeeth/aea iienaiea anae caiene. A ?acoeueoaoa ethaia
eciaiaiea a i?aaiecaoeee i?eaiaeeei e iaiaoiaeeiinoe aianaiey eciaiaiee
a nicaeaiiua i?ia?aiiu.

Nia?aiaiiue iiaeoiae o?aaoao, /oiau a i?ia?aiia auee eeoue ia?a/eneaiu
iaiaoiaeeiua aeey ia?aaioee aeaiiua e caaeaiu o?aaoaiua oi?iaou eo
i?aaenoaaeaiey. I?e yoii iienaiea aac aeaiiuo noaiiaeony iacaaeneiui io
i?ia?aii iieueciaaoaeae e ninoaaeyao naiinoiyoaeueiue iauaeo o?aiaiey.
Yoe iienaiey iau/ii iacuaatho iaoaaeaiiuie [5].

Aaaeiaeoei eiiiiiaioii aaoiiaoece?iaaiiie nenoaiu nai?a, iaeiieaiey e
yooaeoeaiiai eniieueciaaiey eioi?iaoeee yaeyaony nenoaia oi?aaeaiey
aacaie aeaiiuo (NOAAe). I?ia?aiiu ninoaaeythuea NOAAe aeeth/atho yae?i e
na?aeniua n?aaenoaa. ssae?i – yoi iaai? i?ia?aiiiuo iiaeoeae,
iaiaoiaeeiue e aeinoaoi/iue aeey nicaeaiey e iiaeaea?aeaiey AAe.
Na?aeniua i?ia?aiiu i?aaeinoaaeytho iieueciaaoaeyi ?yae aeiiieieoaeueiuo
aiciiaeiinoae e oneoa ii ianeoaeeaaieth nenoai aac aeaiiuo. sscueiaua
n?aaenoaa neoaeao aeey iienaiey AAe e eniieuecothony aeey ia?aaioee
aeaiiuo iieueciaaoaeyie.

3.2.2. Aeinoieinoaa eioaa?aoeee aeaiiuo.

Ioiaoei iaeioi?ua aeinoieinoaa eioaa?aoeee aeaiiuo.

Ai-ia?auo, eioaa?aoeey iaania/eaaao neio?iiiia iiaeaea?aeaiea aeaiiuo
aeey anao i?eeiaeaiee (oaeeiaua nenoaiu ia iaania/eaatho oaeie
iiaeaea?aeee).

Ai-aoi?uo, ca n/ao niaoeeaeueiie i?aaiecaoeee ono?aiyaony aiciiaeiay a
oaeeiauo nenoaiao ecauoi/iinoue aeaiiuo (naaaeaiey ia iauaeoa AAe ia
aeoaee?othony). Eae ieieioi yoi i?eaiaeeo e nie?auaieth iauaiia iaiyoe,
iaiaoiaeeiie aeey o?aiaiey aeaiiuo.

A-o?aoueeo, aeaaiaea?y nie?auaieth eee ono?aiaieth aeoaee?iaaiey aeaiiuo
iiauoaaony o?iaaiue eo aeinoiaa?iinoe; nouanoaaiii i?iua e yooaeoeaiaa
noaiiayony i?ioeaaeo?u iaiiaeaiey.

A-/aoaa?ouo, ?acaeoea eiioeaioeee AAe i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aaaeiue oaa a
iai?aaeaiee oieoeeaoeee n?aaenoa i?aaiecaoeee aeaiiuo, /oi iicaieyao
?ac?aaio/eeai i?eeiaeaiee ia caaeoiuaaoueny iaae aii?inaie
i?aaenoaaeaiey aeaiiuo a n?aaea o?aiaiey. Niioaaonoaothuea eioa?oaenu
iiaeaea?aeeaathony aaoiiaoe/anee NOAAe. Iieueciaaoaeue ia ciaao, aaea e
eae o?aiyony aeaiiua, ii eeoue niiauaao nenoaia, n eaeeie aeaiiuie
aeaeaao ?aaioaoue e a eaeii aeaea aeaeaao eo iieo/eoue.

A-iyouo, i?e ia?aoiaea e eniieueciaaieth AAe iiyaeyaony aiciiaeiinoue
iaania/eoue aeinoaoi/ii aunieee o?iaaiue iacaaeneiinoe i?eeiaeaiee io
i?aaiecaoeee aeaiiuo. A nia?aiaiiuo NOAAe iienaiey aeaiiuo ioaeaeaiu io
i?ia?aii e niaea?aeaony a neiaa?a-ni?aai/ieea aeaiiuo. A i?ia?aiiao
caaeathony eeoue eiaia iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey ia?aaioee aeaiiuo e oi?iaou
i?aaenoaaeaiey cia/aiee. Iiaenoaaeyy aeaiiua a i?ia?aiio, NOAAe
i?aaeaa?eoaeueii eo ia?aaaouaaao, a nayce n /ai eciaiaiey i?aaiecaoeee
aeaiiuo ia io?aaeathony ia i?eeeaaeiuo i?ia?aiiao. A yoii neo/aa
iaiythony eeoue i?ioeaaeo?u NOAAe, auiieiythuea i?aaeaa?eoaeueioth
ia?aaioeo aeaiiuo.

Iau/ii auaeaeythony aeaa aniaeoa iacaaeneiinoe i?eeiaeaiee io
i?aaiecaoeee aeaiiuo: eiae/aneay e oece/aneay iacaaeneiinoue. Ia?aay
i?aaeiieaaaao aiciiaeiinoue “aacaieaciaiiiai” eciaiaiey ia?aiao?ia
eiae/aneie i?aaiecaoeee AAe, a aoi?ay – eciaiaiey o?aiaiey aeaiiuo a
iaiyoe YAI.

3.2.3. I?iaeaiu eioaa?aoeee aeaiiuo

N ia?aoiaeii e eiioeaioeee AAe, aeaiiua noaiiayony iaeei iauei ?ano?nii,
oeaeinoiinoue eioi?iai iaiaoiaeeii caueoeoue io ?ac?ooaiee i?e naiyo
iai?oaeiaaiey, i?e iaei??aeoiuo iaiiaeaieyo, io INAe e o.i.

Caueoa aeaiiuo io ?ac?ooaiey i?e naia iai?oaeiaaiey. Yoio aeae caueou
/anoi iacuaatho iaania/aieai oece/aneie oeaeinoiinoe aeaiiuo. Oece/aneay
oeaeinoiinoue iaania/eaaaony n?aaenoaaie aaaeaiey nenoaiiiai
aeo?iaeueiiai oaeea e aiciiaeiinoueth ainnoaiiaeaiey oaeouaai ninoiyiey
AAe ia iniiaaiee eiiee e aeo?iaeueiiai oaeea. A aeo?iaeueiii oaeea
?aaeno?e?othony ana eciaiaiey a AAe n iaeioi?iai ia?eiaea a?aiaie. Eiiey
AAe aeieaeia auoue auiieiaia ia iiiaio ia/aea aaaeaiey aeo?iaeueiiai
oaeea.

Caueoa io iaei??aeoiuo iaiiaeaiee. Iia i?aaeoi?aaeaeaao iaaa?iia
eniieueciaaiea aeaiiuo (a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue – iaiiaeaiey ae?oaeie
iieueciaaoaeyie). Oaeay caueoa aeaiiuo iacuaaaony eiae/aneie
oeaeinoiinoueth. Iia iaania/eaaaony iooai ?ac?aaioee iaoaieciia
oi?aaeaiey aeinooiii iieueciaaoaeae e aeaiiui. Yoi i?ia?aiiiua
“oeeueo?u”, eiaaea iieueciaaoaeue eiaao aiciiaeiinoue ia?aaaouaaoue
eeoue iaeioi?ia iiaeiiiaeanoai aeaiiuo. Ai-aoi?uo, nenoaia auaeaao
iieueciaaoaeth aeey ia?aaioee ia anth caienue oeaeeeii, a eeoue /anoue
aa aeaiiuo. I?e yoii a i?eeeaaeiie i?ia?aiia iienuaathony oieueei yoe
aeaiiua. A-o?aoueeo, i?e iienaiee aeaiiuo iaeioi?ua NOAAe iicaieytho
caaeaaaoue iaeanoe aeiionoeiuo cia/aiee. Oiaaea nenoaia aaoiiaoe/anee
i?iaa?yao iiaia cia/aiea ia aeiionoeiinoue e ioaa?aaao iaei??aeoiua.

Caueoa aeaiiuo io INAe. Iia i?aaeiieaaaao aaaaeaiea n?aaenoa,
i?aiyonoaothueo ecaea/aieth e iaiiaeaieth aeaiiuo iaeioi?uie
iieueciaaoaeyie. Iniiaiia n?aaenoai iaania/aiey yoie ?aciiaeaeiinoe
caueou aeaiiuo ninoieo a oii, /oi iieueciaaoaeth i?aaeinoaaeyaony
aeinooi ia ei anae AAe, a eeoue e iaeioi?ie, ii?aaeaeaiiie
aaeieieno?aoi?ii AAe, /anoe aeaiiuo. I?e yoii ia?auaiea e ethaui ae?oaei
aeaiiui aeey icia/aiiiai iieueciaaoaey noaiiaeony iaaiciiaeiui.

3.2.4. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue i?aaiecaoeee AAe ia A?I ?Ae

Iaiin?aaenoaaiiia ooieoeeiiaeueiia iacia/aiea A?I ?Ae – ?aaeno?aoeey e
aeieoiaioe?iaaiea eioi?iaoeee, iinooiathuae ec AE. A?I ?Ae a ?aaeeia
?aaeueiiai a?aiaie auiieiyao neaaeothuea ooieoeee:

i?eai aeaiiuo, e?oaeinooi/ii iinooiathueo io AE;

auaea/o eioi?iaoeee a AE;

?aaeno?aoeeth iinooieaoeo aeaiiuo a iaiyoe YAI;

aeieoiaioe?iaaiea aeaiiuo, ?aciauaiiuo a eioi?iaoeeiiiuo ianneaao.

Niaeanii n ooieoeeiiaeueiui iacia/aieai, i?iaeoe?iaaiea AAe ia A?I ?Ae
aeieaeii ?aoeoue neaaeothuea caaea/e:

nicaeaoue “aeeiaie/aneoth” iiaeaeue i?aaeiaoiie iaeanoe nenoaiu (a
eioi?ie niioaaonoaea AAe oaeouaio ninoiyieth i?aaeiaoiie iaeanoe
iaania/eaaaony ia ia?eiaee/anee, a a ?aaeeia ?aaeueiiai a?aiaie);

iaania/eoue yooaeoeaiinoue ooieoeeiie?iaaiey, o.a. iaania/eoue
o?aaiaaiey ei a?aiaie ?aaeoeee nenoaiu ia cai?inu e iaiiaeaiey AAe;

iaania/eoue oeaio?aeeciaaiiia o?aiaiea aeaiiuo a iaiyoe YAI;

iaania/eoue auai?eo ec eioi?iaoeeiiiuo ianneaia aeaiiuo niaeanii
caaeaiiui e?eoa?eyi;

iaania/eoue oaeianoai yenieoaoaoeee eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu;

iaania/eoue caueoo aeaiiuo io iaei??aeoiuo iaiiaeaiee, io ?ac?ooaiee i?e
naiyo iai?oaeiaaiey e io ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiiai aeinooia.

Yoe caaea/e iiaeii inouanoaeoue i?e iiiiue nicaeaiey aaeeiiai o?aieeeua
– aacu aeaiiuo e eniieueciaaiey n?aaenoa NOAAe.

3.3. Eiae/aneay i?aaiecaoeey aacu aeaiiuo

Aeey ?aaeecaoeee eiae/aneie i?aaiecaoeee AAe iaiaoiaeeii ii?aaeaeeoue,
/oi yaeyaony iauaeoii i?aaeiaoiie iaeanoe eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu. Eae
oaea auei ioia/aii auoa (i. 3.1.1.), ethaia niiauaiea a nenoaia, eee
eiaeia?aiia, eiaao oi?iao a ?aieao ca?aiaa iaiai?aiiiai I?ioieiea
eioi?iaoeeiiiiai iaiaia. ?ac?yaeu eiaeia?aii ?aaeno?aoeee niaea?aeao
?yae oa?aeoa?enoee, ii?aaeaeyaiuo oeiii iinooiathuae ii ono?ienoao
eioi?iaoeee:

eioi?iaoeee iaiaia ii EN;

eioi?iaoeee iaiaia iaaeaeo O1, O2, O3, e AE;

naieiie eioi?iaoeee iaiaia ii EN;

naieiie eioi?iaoeee iaaeaeo O1, O2, O3 e AE;

eioi?iaoeee i IEE;

eioi?iaoeee OE;

eioi?iaoeee INAe;

eioi?iaoeee INAe II;

eioi?iaoeee i AN ono?ienoa.

A caaeneiinoe io oeia ia?aaeaaaaiiai ii ono?ienoao niiauaiey,
niaea?aeeiia ?ac?yaeia eiaeia?aii ?acee/ii, a, neaaeiaaoaeueii, ?acee/iu
e ao?eaoou iauaeoia eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu. Anee ?anniao?eaaoue
eioi?iaoeeiiioth nenoaio a /anoe ioia?aaeaiey eioi?iaoeeiiiiai e
oaoie/aneiai ninoiyiey ono?ienoa (OE), oi iauaeoii i?aaeiaoiie iaeanoe
yaeyaony eioi?iaoeey i ninoiyiee ono?ienoa.

A iauai neo/aa iauaeoii i?aaeiaoiie iaeanoe yaeyaony, iai?eia?,
?anii?yaeaiea aaeieieno?aoi?a, aee?aeoi?a, o.a. oa oi?aaeythuea
aicaeaenoaey, eioi?ua oee?eoee?otho a ANO a i?ioeanna aa
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey. I?aaeaea /ai aiai?eoue i oi?ie?iaaiee ioiioaiee,
iaiaoiaeeii i?eaanoe ia?a/aiue ao?eaooia, auyaeythueo nouiinoue
iauaeoia, eioi?ua caoai oi?ie?othony a ioiioaiey:

Aeaoa ioi?aaee eiaeia?aiiu;

A?aiy ioi?aaee eiaeia?aiiu;

Iai?aaeaiea (io IO1, eioi?iaoeey a EN3 e o.i.);

?aaeei ?aaiou;

Enoi/iee (ioeoaea i?eoea eiaeia?aiia);

Aeae niiauaiey (AN, INAe, e o.i.);

Eiee/anoai naieiuo eiaeia?aii;

Niaea?aeaiea naieiuo eiaeia?aii;

Oei ono?ienoaa, io eioi?iai i?eoea eiaeia?aiia;

I?eciae (niiauaiey io ianeieueeeo ono?ienoa i?eoiaeyo a iaeiie
eiaeia?aiia);

Cia/aiea eiio?ieueiie noiiu i?e ionea AE;

Cia/aiea ia?eiaee/anee au/eneyaiie eiio?ieueiie noiiu;

Oaeno niiauaiey, niaea?aeauaainy a eiaeia?aiia.

Iinea ninoaaeaiey ia?a/iy ao?eaooia, i/a?aaeiay caaea/a ninoieo a
ii?aaeaeaiee iaai?a ioiioaiee e ninoaaeaiee eiae/aneie no?oeoo?u AAe.
Eiae/aneay no?oeoo?a aacu aeaiiuo i?aaenoaaeaia ia ?en. 18 e ninoieo ec
iaai?a ioiioaiee, i?aaenoaaeaiiuo a o?aoueae ii?iaeueiie oi?ia.

Ioiioaiea 1: “Any eioi?iaoeey”. Eeth/aauie aeiiaiaie yaeythony ia?aua
aeaa iiey: “Aeaoa”, “A?aiy”.

Ioiioaiea 2: “Iia?aoeaiay eioi?iaoeey”. Eeth/aauie aeiiaiaie a aeaiiii
ioiioaiee yaeythony “Aeaoa”, “A?aiy”, “Iai?aaeaiea”, “?aaeei ?aaiou”,
“Enoi/iee”, “Aeae niiauaiey”.

Ioiioaiea 3: “Eioi?iaoeey O” Eeth/aauie aeiiaiaie yaeythony “Aeaoa”,
“A?aiy”, “Iai?aaeaiea”, “?aaeei ?aaiou”.

Ioiioaiea 4: “Naieiua eiaeia?aiiu”. Eeth/aauie aeiiaiaie yaeythony:
“Aeaoa”, “A?aiy”, “Iai?aaeaiea”, “Eiee/anoai”, “Aeae niiauaiey”,
“Neiai1”, “Neiai2”, “Neiai3”, “Neiai4”.

Ioiioaiea 5: “Ooieoeeiiaeueiue eiio?ieue”. Eeth/aauie aeiiaiaie
yaeythony: “Aeaoa”, “A?aiy”, “Oei”, “I?eciae”, “Aeae niiauaiey”.

Ioiioaiea 6: “Naycue n AE”. Eeth/aauie aeiiaiaie yaeythony “Aeaoa”,
“A?aiy”.

Ioiioaiea 7: “Oaeouay eiio?ieueiay noiia”. Eeth/aauie aeiiaiaie
yaeythony:

“Aeaoa”, “A?aiy”.

Ioiioaiea 8: “Eiio?ieueiay noiia i?e ionea AE”. Eeth/aauie aeiiaiaie
yaeythony: “Aeaoa”, “A?aiy”.

I?e oi?ie?iaaiee ioiioaiee auee iinoaaeaiu neaaeothuea oeaee:
inouanoaeoue a?oiie?iaeo caienae a oaeea no?oeoo?u, eioi?ua aeinoaoi/ii
iaeu ii ?acia?o e iiyoiio oi?aaeyaiu. I?e yoii aeaiiua iiaoo
aeoaee?iaaoueny, iai?eia?, ioiioaiea OE iiaeao aeeth/aoue a naay
eioi?iaoeeth i nayce n AE. Iaeiaei nicaeaieai ioiioaiey “Naycue n AE” iu
auaeaeyai aai a eiae/anee naiinoiyoaeueiia ioiioaiea e oai naiui
oiaiueoaai a?aiy iienea aaaeiie aeey ian eioi?iaoeee. Yoi icia/aao, /oi
eioi?iaoeey, o?aaothuay e naaa ia?ainoaiaiiiai aieiaiey, auaeaeyaony a
ioaeaeueiua ioiioaiey n oeaeueth oiaiueoaiey a?aiaie iienea ii AAe,
aeaaay aiciiaeiinoue ia?niiaeo, ianeoaeeaathuaio ENA naiaa?aiaiii
?aaae?iaaoue ia eciaiaiey, aicieeathuea a nenoaia.

N oaeie aea oeaeueth auaeaeyaony a ioaeaeueiua ioiioaiey eioi?iaoeey
eiio?ieueiiai noiie?iaaiey, eioi?iaoeey eiio?ieueiiai noiie?iaaiey i?e
ionea AE, eioi?iaoeey O.

Ioiioaiey “Any eioi?iaoeey”, “Iia?aoeaiay eioi?iaoeey” e
“Ooieoeeiiaeueiue eiio?ieue” oaeaea auaeaeythony a ioaeaeueiua
ioiioaiey ec eiae/aneeo niia?aaeaiee e aeey ieieiecaoeee a?aiaie iienea.

Aua iaeia i?e/eia, ii eioi?ie ioiioaiey i?aaiecothony iiaeiaiui ia?acii
– yoi ?aca?aie/aiea aeinooia iieueciaaoaeae.

Eioi?iaoeey oeene?oaony a ainueie ia naycaiiuo ae?oa n ae?oaii
oaaeeoeao, e iaeei iieueciaaoaeue, iai?eia?, iiaeao eiaoue aeinooi
oieueei e AAe “Eioi?iaoeey eiio?ieueiiai noiie?iaaiey”, ae?oaie – e AAe
“Eioi?iaoeey O”. A aeeieiiiii i?iaeoa ?anniao?eaaaony oieueei oa
eioi?iaoeey, eioi?ay niaea?aeeony a AAe OE.

Ioiioaiea OE niaea?aeeo eioi?iaoeeth i ?acoeueoaoao OE, n?aaee eioi?ie
eiaaony eioi?iaoeey i AN ono?ienoa. E?iia AN, ioiioaiea OE niaea?aeeo e
ae?oaoth eioi?iaoeeth, iai?eia?, i ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiii aeinooia (INAe),
i iaaycuaaiee eiaeiie eioi?iaoeee (IEE), eioi?iaoeeth i OE, ia ia?auaiee
e iaiyoe (III), e o.ae. Eioi?iaoeey OE eiaao aioo?aiiee oi?iao
i?aaenoaaeaiey aeey o?aiaiey a iaiyoe YAI e oi?iao aeey i?aaeuyaeaiey
iia?aoi?o ia ye?aia aeenieay eee ia i?eioa?a a aeaea oaaeeoe e ni?aaie.

Aeae iieae AAe OE i?aaenoaaeai ia ?en. 19.

No?oeoo?a AAe OE aeeth/aao a naay neaaeothuea yeaiaiou: “Aeaoa”,
“A?aiy”, “Oei ono?ienoaa”, “I?eciae” (i?eciae a?oiie?iaaiey
eioi?iaoeee), “Aeae niiauaiey” (AN, INAe, OE, IEE, e o.ae.), “Oaeno
niiauaiey”. A iiea “Oaeno niiauaiey” iaoiaeeony niiauaiea oeia: “INAe
niyoi”, eee “Iao nayce ii eeiee 1”, eee “?acaeiee?iaaii ii OE”, e o.i.,
o.a. ?ane?uaaaony eiie?aoiia cia/aiea iinooieaoaai ii ono?ienoao
niiauaiey. Inoaeueiua yeaiaiou, ia?a/eneaiiua ?aiaa, yaeythony
eeth/aauie, e neoaeao aeey iienea iineaaeiaai yeaiaioa “Oaeno
niiauaiey”.

3.4. Auai? NOAAe

Auaeaeaiea NOAAe – i?aoaiaeaioia

I?iaeoe?iaueeo a ianoiyuaa a?aiy i?aaeinoaaeyaony aeinoaoi/ii aieueoie
auai? NOAAe, ?ac?aaioaiiuo aeey ?aciuo eiioeao?aoeee e oeiia YAI. Aiaeec
iniiaiuo ia?aiao?ia yoeo nenoai iicaieyao n?aco aea ioaa?aiooue ?yae
NOAAe, caaaaeiii iai?eaiaeiuo e eniieueciaaieth a ?ac?aaaouaaaiie
eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaia, inoaaea aeey iineaaeothuaai ?anniio?aiey ia
aieaa 2-o – 3-o nenoai – i?aoaiaeaioia.

Ia auai? NOAAe – i?aoaiaeaioia iaeaieueoaa aeeyiea ieacuaaao
niaeaniaaiea ?yaea ia?aiao?ia n?aaeu ?aaeecaoeee e NOAAe. Iaeaieaa
cia/eiua ia?aiao?u ia?a/eneaiu ieaea (a neiaeao oeacaiu oa?aeoa?enoeee
A?I ?Ae):

oei YAI (IBM PC AT ia aaca i?ioeanni?a Intel 80386);

iia?aoeeiiiay nenoaia (MS DOS);

iauai iia?aoeaiie iaiyoe (2Ia);

iauai aeeneiaie iaiyoe (160 IA);

aua?aiiay aeey ?aaeecaoeee iiaeaeue aeaiiuo (?aeyoeeiiiay).

Ia?a/eneei NOAAe iiaeiaiiai eeanna: D-Base, Clipper, Paradox. Ia?aae oai
eae i?enooieoue e n?aaieoaeueiiio aiaeeco iiaeaeae aac aeaiiuo, e,
neaaeiaaoaeueii, e ieii/aoaeueiiio auai?o NOAAe, iaiaoiaeeii auaeaeeoue
iaai? oaeoi?ia, eioi?ua aeeytho ia ieii/aoaeueiue auai? aa?eaioa.

Iaeaieaa /anoi eniieuecoaiua oaeoi?u ioeaiee iiaeaeae aac aeaiiuo:

o?oaeiaieinoue ?aaeecaoeee i?eeiaeaiee;

noieiinoue yenieoaoaoeee eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu;

aiciiaeiinoue niaiauaiey ?ac?aaioee AAe n ?aiaa auiieiaiiuie
i?ia?aiiiuie ?aaeecaoeeyie;

i?iaiice?oaiua n?iee ?aaeecaoeee eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu;

cao?aou ia iao/aiea ia?niiaea.

Ia yoii yoaia iaiaoiaeeii ianeieueei aeaoaeece?iaaoue o?aaiaaiey e
?aaeecoaiiio II A?I ?Ae.

Eae auei ioia/aii a i.3.3.1., iaiai eioi?iaoeeae a nenoaia i?ienoiaeeo
i?e iiiiue eiaeia?aii, eioi?ua niaea?aeao eioi?iaoeeth i ninoiyiee
ono?ienoa a aeaie/iii eiaea, iiyoiio o?aaiaaiey e NOAAe, e
niioaaonoaaiii e i?ia?aiiai-i?eeiaeaieyi aeinoaoi/ii aeanoee –
iaiaoiaeeii iaania/eoue auai?eo naaaeaiee ia ono?ienoaao, i?e/ai n
aiciiaeiinoueth eo i?aaenoaaeaiey ia a aeaie/iii aeaea, a a oaeiaiie
aeey aiaeeca oi?ia – a aeaea oaaeeoe e ni?aaie.

Neaaeiaaoaeueii, aieueoea o?aaiaaiey i?aaeuyaeythony aeaaea ia e NOAAe,
a e ycueo i?ia?aiie?iaaiey, ia eioi?ii aoaeoo nicaeaaaoueny
i?ia?aiiu-i?eeiaeaiey. ?aaeecaoeey i?ia?aiiiuo n?aaenoa ie?oaeaiey NOAAe
e i?eeiaeaiee aeinoaoi/ii o?oaeiaieee i?ioeann.

I?e auai?a NOAAe iaiaoiaeeii o/anoue e oaeie oaeoi?, eae iaee/ea iiuoa o
?ac?aaio/eeia a nicaeaiee i?eeeaaeiuo i?ia?aii aeey aeaiiie NOAAe, /anoi
ii yaeyaony ii?aaeaeythuei.

A ea/anoaa i?ia?aiiiiai i?iaeoeoa aeey nicaeaiey II A?I ?Ae auea aua?aia
?ac?aaioea oe?iu Borland – ycue i?ia?aiie?iaaiey Oo?ai Ne++ aa?nee 3.0
e aeaeeioaea noaiaea?oiuo i?ia?aii ia ycuea Oo?ai Ne++ Paradox Engine
aeey ?aaeecaoeee ianeoaeeaaiey ?aeyoeeiiiuo aac aeaiiuo.

Paradox Engine yaeyaony oieeaeueiui i?ia?aiiiui n?aaenoaii, iicaieythuei
i?ia?aiienoai ycuea Ne a iieiii iauaia eniieueciaaoue a?oeoaeoo?o
nenoaiu Paradox.

Engine – aeaeeioaea noaiaea?oiuo i?ia?aii ia ycuea Ne, eioi?ua iiaeii
iauaaeeieoue n ethaie i?eeeaaeiie i?ia?aiiie ia ycuea Ne. A aieueoeinoaa
nia?aiaiiuo nenoai iauee aeinooi e aeaiiui iiaeii inouanoaeoue eeoue i?e
auiieiaiee aeiiieieoaeueiuo iia?aoeee – iau/ii oaeeu iaeiie
iia?aoeeiiiie n?aaeu ia?aaiaeyony a oi?iaou ae?oaie, e iaiai?io. Anee
i?e aiaeeca caaea/e auyniyaony, /oi enoiaeiua aeaiiua o?aiyony a ?aciuo
nenoaiao, oi i?iaeaiu iaiauaiey noaiiayony aaaeiie iaeanoueth ?aoaiey
caaea/e.

Engine ono?aiyao yoo i?iaeaio, ioe?uaay no?oeoo?o aeaiiuo Paradox aeey
i?ia?aii ia ycuea Ne. Oaeei ia?acii, i?eeeaaeiua i?ia?aiiu ia ycuea Ne
iieo/atho aiciiaeiinoue ia?aaaouaaoue aeaiiua nenoaiu Paradox.

Paradox Engine – yoi oaeiaiia n?aaenoai aeey ?ac?aaio/eeia i?ia?aii
ianeoaeeaaiey ?aeyoeeiiiuo aac aeaiiuo ia o?aaeeoeeiiiii ycuea
i?ia?aiie?iaaiey. ?ac?aaio/eee Engine iiaoo eniieueciaaoue aeaiiua
nenoaiu Paradox eee ?ac?aaaouaaoue i?eeiaeaiey, eioi?ua a aeaeueiaeoai
iiaeii ?acaeaaoue ia iniiaa Paradox. ?ac?aaio/eee Paradox iiaoo
?anoe?eoue ooieoeee nenoaiiuo i?ia?aii Paradox, aeiiieiea eo
aniiiiaaoaeueiuie i?ia?aiiaie ia ycuea Ne.

Iniiaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee nenoaiu Paradox.

Oaaeeoeu Paradox – yoi noaiaea?oiua oaeeu DOS n ?anoe?aieai “.DB”. Eiaia
oaaeeoe ioaa/atho noaiaea?oiui niaeaoaieyi ia eaeaioeoeeaoeee oaeeia,
i?eiyoui a IN MS DOS.

Eaaeaeay oaaeeoea iiaeao niaea?aeaoue aei aeaoo aeeeeiiia caienae, a i?e
aa caiene ia aeene ?acia? oaaeeoeu ia?aie/ai oieueei ?acia?ii aeenea eee
iauaiii naiaiaeiie iaiyoe ia aeenea.

Eaaeaeay caienue iiaeao aeeth/aoue aei 255 iieae, a eaaeaeia iiea aei
255 neiaieia.

A Paradox eniieuecoaony iyoue oeiia iieae: aeoaaeoii-oeeo?iaiai oeia,
eioi?ua iicaieytho eniieueciaaoue iieiue iaai? neiaieia eiaea ASCII,
/eneiaua iiey aeaiiuo, iicaieythuea eniieueciaaoue aei 15-oe cia/aueo
oeeo?, aeeth/ay ianoi aeey aeanyoe/iie oi/ee a eioa?aae cia/aiee, a
oaeaea oaeouea iiey aeaiiuo, ei?ioeea /eneiaua iiey e iiey aeaou.

Aeey oii?yaei/aiey e iienea eeth/aauo iieae oaaeeoeu a Paradox Engine
i?aaeoniio?aiu niaoeeaeueiua ooieoeee, eniieuecothuea eiaeaeniue iaoiae
aeinooia. Eiaeaen oaaeeoeu iicaieyao onei?eoue i?ioeann iienea ioaeiie
caiene. Ia?ae/iue eiaeaen oii?yaei/eaaao caiene a ii?yaeea aic?anoaiey
eeth/aauo iieae. Paradox o?aieo caiene ioni?oe?iaaiiuie ii eeth/o e ia
iicaieyao aeoaee?iaaoue eeth/e. Aoi?e/iua eiaeaenu, eae i?aaeei,
i?aaiecothony aeey i/a?aaeae oaaeeoe e neoaeao aeey oeo/oaiey
i?aaenoaaeaiey aeaiiuo.

Aeey nicaeaiey ieiiiiai eioa?oaena iieueciaaoaey eniieuecoaony
aeaeeioaea NXL- aeaeeioaea ooieoeee ia ycuea N, /oi aeaao aiciiaeiinoue
onei?eoue iaienaiea i?ia?aiiu, oae eae iicaieyao oaeaeeoue aieueoa
a?aiaie ?aoaieth iniiaiie caaea/e.

Eiia/ii, iaeuecy iaeiicia/ii neacaoue, /oi aua?aiiay NOAAe eaeaaeueii
niioaaonoaoao iinoaaeaiiie ia?aae ?ac?aaio/eeaie caaea/a. Aeey
eeethno?aoeee n?aaiei Paradox Engine e NOAAe Paradox n aioo?aiiei ycueii
i?ia?aiie?iaaiey PAL.

PAL – yoi aioo?aiiee ycue i?ia?aiie?iaaiey nenoaiu Paradox. N?aaieaay
PAL e Ne, iiaeii ioiaoeoue, /oi e oio e ae?oaie iaeaaeatho ?yaeii
i?aeiouanoa e iaaeinoaoeia.

Iai?eia?, PAL iaeaaeaao iaoe?iui ano?iaiiui aiia?aoii aeey ianeoaeeaaiey
aac aeaiiuo, iaeiaei ia iaeaaeaao aeaeinoueth e oi?aaeythueie
aiciiaeiinoyie ycuea Ne. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, Ne, iaania/eaay iaeneiaeueii
aiciiaeiue o?iaaiue oi?aaeaiey i?ia?aiiie, e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, aa
aeaeinoue, ia iaeaaeaao aiciiaeiinoueth ianeoaeeaaiey aac aeaiiuo.

PAL n/eoaaony ycueii aunieiai o?iaiy, i?aaeaeueii iiaeiaiaiiui e n?aaea
Paradox. Ii iaania/eaaao aiciiaeiinoue nicaeaiey aeieoiaioia, caoeooth a
eioa?oaen aianoa n i?ioeaaeo?iuie aiciiaeiinoyie, a oaeaea yaeyaony
eaeaaeueiui n?aaenoaii aeey auno?iai iaeaoe?iaaiey eee ?ac?aaioee
iiiaiiieueciaaoaeueneeo i?ia?aii ianeoaeeaaiey aac aeaiiuo.

A naith i/a?aaeue, o.e. Ne yaeyaony o?aaeeoeeiiiui ycueii
i?ia?aiie?iaaiey, oi aai iaoeaeaniia?acii i?eiaiyoue aeey i?ia?aii
ianeoaeeaaiey aac aeaiiuo – iie neiaeiaa aiaeiae/iuo i?ia?aii ia ycuea
PAL. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, i?ia?aiiu ianeoaeeaaiey aac aeaiiuo ia ycuea PAL
aieueoa ii ?acia?o e ooaea ii auno?iaeaenoaeth, /ai oa aea i?ia?aiiu ia
ycuea Ne, eniieuecothuea ooieoeee Engine.

I?aeiouanoaa ycuea PAL caeeth/athony a oii, /oi ii iaeaaeaao iaoe?iui
ano?iaiiui aiia?aoii e iaania/eaaao iaiaaeeaiiue aeinooi ei anai
iaeanoyi nenoaiu Paradox. PAL iicaieyao ?ac?aaaouaaoue i?ia?aiiu n
eniieueciaaieai iioeee iaith Paradox.

I?aeiouanoaa Engine caeeth/athony a neaaeothuai: iaania/aiea aunieiai
o?iaiy oi?aaeaiey i?ia?aiiaie; ?anoe?aiea ooieoeeiiaeueiinoe nenoaiu
Paradox (?aaioay a Engine, au ia?aie/aiu oieueei aiciiaeiinoyie
nianoaaiiie i?ia?aiiu e aeinooiiinoueth aniiiiaaoaeueiuo aeaeeioae);
iaania/aiea iaeneiaeueiie yooaeoeaiinoe i?ia?aii i?e eo ieieiaeueiii
?acia?a.

Ec i?aaenoaaeaiiuo auoa ?annoaeaeaiee neaaeoao, /oi i?e iiiiue ethaiai
i?ia?aiiiiai i?iaeoeoa i?eaeeceoaeueii iaeiiai eeanna iiaeii ?aoeoue
iinoaaeaiioth caaea/o, aua?aa ?acee/iua iiaeoiaeu e i?iaeaia,
ieieiece?oy eee iaeneniece?oy oa eee eiua oa?aeoa?enoeee.

Iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi ia auai? NOAAe iiaeeyee neaaeothuea
oaeoi?u:

Iaee/ea iiuoa i?ia?aiie?iaaiey ia ycuea Oo?ai Ne++, o ?ac?aaio/eeia, /oi
iicaieyao nieceoue a?aiaiiua e iaoa?eaeueiua cao?aou ia eo ia?aiao/aiea.

O?oaeiaieinoue ?aaeecaoeee i?eeiaeaiee, iicaieythuay a oi aea a?aiy
iaania/eoue aieaa aunieia auno?iaeaenoaea auiieiaiey i?ia?aii (iai?eia?,
iicaieythuay ieieiece?iaaoue oaeoth oa?aeoa?enoeeo eae a?aiy iienea ii
AAe, e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, oiaiueoeoue a?aiy ?aaeoeee ia cai?in).

Iaania/aiea aeaeinoe II e aunieiai o?iaiy oi?aaeaiey i?ia?aiiaie.

Ne ioe?uaaao i?ia?aiienoo aeinooi e “aioo?aiiinoyi” eiiiuethoa?a –
aeoai, aaeoai e ?aaeno?ai, oi?aaeythuei ?aaioie oeaio?aeueiiai
i?ioeanni?a e aiaoieo ono?ienoa. Ii Ne ana-oaee i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
ia/oi aieueoaa, /ai ycue annaiaea?a aunieiai o?iaiy. Aei/iay no?oeoo?a
i?ia?aiiu ia Ne iaania/eaaao eae caueoo aeaiiuo, oae e aunieee o?iaaiue
eiio?iey ca iaeanoyie aeaenoaey e aeaeeiinoe ia?aiaiiuo.

Aiciiaeiinoue i?e ?aaeecaoeee II A?I ?Ae aeey nicaeaiey ieiiiiai
eioa?oaena eniieueciaaoue aeaeeioaeo NXL- aeaeeioaeo ooieoeee ia ycuea
Ne, /oi aeaao aiciiaeiinoue oaeaeeoue aieueoa a?aiaie ?aoaieth
iniiaiie caaea/e.

4. No?oeoo?a eiiieaena i?ia?aii A?I ?Ae

4.1. Iainiiaaiea no?oeoo?u eiiieaena i?ia?aii

4.1.1. II iauanenoaiiiai iacia/aiey

No?oeoo?a eiiieaena i?ia?aii A?I ?Ae i?aaenoaaeaia ia ?en. 20 e yaeyaony
eiae/aneei i?iaeieaeaieai ?aaeecaoeee ooieoeeiiaeueiiai iacia/aiey A?I
?Ae.

II iauanenoaiiiai iacia/aiey i?aaenoaaeyao niaie i?ia?aiiiua n?aaenoaa,
eniieuecoaiua ia yoaia i?iaeoe?iaaiey A?I ?Ae.

Enoiaeiuie aeaiiuie i?aaeoniio?aii, /oi a ea/anoaa n?aaeu
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey auae?aaony iia?aoeeiiiay nenoaia MS DOS n oaeeiaie
iaiei/eie Norton Commander.

Aeey ?aaiou n oaeeaie a ninoaaa II A?I ?Ae i?aaeoniio?aiu iauanenoaiiua
ooeeeou (a?oeaaoi?u, aioeae?onu, e o.i.). Aeey ioi?ieaiey
aeieoiaioaoeee, caienie, io/aoia i?aaeoniio?ai oaenoiaue ?aaeaeoi?
LEXICON.

Aeey nicaeaiey niaoeeaeueiiai II aeey A?I ?Ae eniieuecothony
neaaeothuea i?ia?aiiiua i?iaeoeou:

sscue i?ia?aiie?iaaiey Oo?ai Ce++ aa?nee 3.0;

PX Engine – aeaeeioaee ooieoeee ia ycuea Borland Ce++, aeey nicaeaiey
AAe a oi?iaoa Paradox;

CXL – aeaeeioaee ooieoeee ia ycuea Borland C++ aeey nicaeaiey ieiiiiai
eioa?oaena iieueciaaoaey.

4.1.2. II niaoeeaeueiiai iacia/aiey

II niaoeeaeueiiai iacia/aiey i?aaenoaaeyao niaie i?ia?aiiiua n?aaenoaa,
eniieuecoaiua ia yoaia yenieoaoaoeee A?I ?Ae (ni. ?en. 20). Aai oneiaii
iiaeii ?acaeaeeoue ia o?e a?oiiu:

Iia?aoeeiiiay nenoaia MS DOS

Aeaeeioaee eniieuecoaiuo ooieoeee (LIB) aeeth/atho aeaeeioaee
eniieuecoaiuo ooieoeee ycuea Borland N++, PX Engine – aeaeeioaee
ooieoeee ycuea N++ aeey nicaeaiey AAe a oi?iaoa Paradox, CXL –
aeaeeioaee ooieoeee ycuea N++ aeey nicaeaiey ieiiiiai eioa?oaena.

Eniieyaiua iiaeoee i?ia?aii, iaania/eaathuea neaaeothuea ooieoeee:

oi?aaeythuay i?ia?aiia (MAIN);

ooieoeee nicaeaiey i?ioioeiia AAe e ia?ae/iuo eeth/ae e iei (INITENG);

ooieoeee caiene eioi?iaoeee e aianaiey eciaiaiee a AAe (ZAPBD);

ooieoeee oi?ie?iaaiey e eniieiaiey cai?inia (INQUIRY), aeeth/aao
i?ia?aiiu ia?aaioee cai?inia aeey 3-o oi?i i?aaenoaaeaiey AN (BS-INQ);

ooieoeee neoaeau aaeieieno?e?iaaiey AAe (CR_ARMBD – nicaeaiea aacu
aeaiiuo aaeieieno?aoi?a, CREAT_FA – nicaeaiea oaeea aaeieieno?aoi?a,
BDADM – ?aaioa n AAe aaeieieno?aoi?a – nicaeaiea nienea iieueciaaoaeae,
?aaeno?aoeey e oaeaeaiea iieueciaaoaeae);

ooieoeee a?oeae?iaaiey e ?aaiou n a?oeaii (ARCH).

4.1.3. O?aaiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e niaoeeaeueiiio II A?I ?Ae

1. O?aaiaaiey ii iaania/aieth iaaeaaeiinoe.

O?aaiaaiey ii iaania/aieth iaaeaaeiinoe II neeaaeuaathony ec aeaoo
aniaeoia o?aaiaaiee, i?aaeuyaeyaiuo e ycueo i?ia?aiie?iaaiey. Ia?aue –
eaaeinoue ?anoe?aiey ycuea e i?ia?aiiu, iacaaeneiinoue io iaoeiu,
yooaeoeaiinoue eiiieeyoeee i?ia?aii, niiniaiinoue /aoei e i?inoi
i?aaenoaaeyoue eiaeeo e ooieoeee i?ia?aiiu. Aoi?ui aniaeoii iaania/aiey
iaaeaaeiinoe II yaeyaony iiaeoeueiay no?oeoo?a i?ia?aiiu.

2. O?aaiaaiey ii iaania/aieth oaeianoaa yenieoaoaoeee.

I?ia?aiiiia iaania/aiea A?I ?Ae aeieaeii ooieoeeiie?iaaoue a aeeaeiaiaii
?aaeeia n auaea/ae ea?a?oe/aneeo iaith iniiaiuo ooieoeee iiaenenoai,
iai?eia?, oaeno cai?ina ii ia?a aai oi?ie?iaaiey ioia?aaeaaony ia
ye?aia. Nenoaia iaith yaeyaony iiaeneaceie, eneeth/athuae ioeaeo
iia?aoi?a.

3. O?aaiaaiey e iia?aoeeiiiie e i?ia?aiiiie niaianoeiinoe.

I?ia?aiiiia iaania/aiea n?aaenoa ?aaeno?aoeee e aeieoiaioe?iaaiey A?I
aeieaeii iaania/eaaoue:

– eioi?iaoeeiiioth niaianoeiinoue a /anoe aiciiaeiinoe caiaiu YAI ?N/AO
ia iiaeaeue aieaa aunoaai ii?yaeea, caiaio i?eioa?a ia aieaa
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiue, e o.i.

4.2. I?ia?aiiiay ?aaeecaoeey

Iinoaiiaea caaea/e

Caaea/ae aeaiiiai aeeieiiiiai i?iaeoa yaeyaony ?ac?aaioea i?ia?aii
oi?ie?iaaiey e ia?aaioee cai?inia aeey o?ao oi?i i?aaenoaaeaiey AN e
auaea/a eo ia ye?ai iiieoi?a e i?eioa?.

I?ia?aiiu aeieaeiu auoue ?ac?aaioaiu aeey oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa A?I ?Ae e
iaania/eaaoue eioi?iaoeeiiioth e i?ia?aiiioth niaianoeiinoue a /anoe
aiciiaeiinoe caiaiu YAI ia iiaeaeue aieaa aunieiai ii?yaeea, caiaio
i?eioa?a ia aieaa i?iecaiaeeoaeueiue e o.i. I?ia?aiiu ia?aaioee cai?inia
aeieaeiu ooieoeeiie?iaaoue a ninoaaa inoaeueiiai II A?I ?Ae e
ieieiece?iaaoue a?aiy ia?aaioee cai?ina.

Yoi icia/aao, /oi iaiaoiaeeii i?aaieciaaoue iiene ii AAe oaeei ia?acii,
/oiau ieieiece?iaaoue a?aiy iienea ii AAe, e, neaaeiaaoaeueii,
oiaiueoeoue a?aiy ioaaoa ia cai?in iia?aoi?a (oa?aeoa?enoeea,
?anniio?aiiay a i.2.5. iiaeao auoue ieieiece?iaaia ia oieueei
oaoie/aneeie, ii e i?ia?aiiiuie n?aaenoaaie).

I?ia?aiiu ia?aaioee cai?inia aeieaeiu iaania/eoue caienue
i?aia?aciaaiiuo oi?i AN a oaee, e ?aaioaoue niaianoii n i?ia?aiiaie,
iaania/eaathueie auaea/o i?aia?aciaaiiuo oi?i AN ia ye?ai iiieoi?a e
i?eioa?.

Aeae i?aaenoaaeaiey eioi?iaoeee iinea i?aia?aciaaiey AN ia ye?ai
iiieoi?a e i?eioa?

Enoiaey ec niia?aaeaiee i?aeoe/aneiai niunea auee aua?aiu 3 oi?iu
i?aaenoaaeaiey AN: eiiiaeoiay-neiaiee/aneay, oaaee/iay, ni?aai/iay
(ia?aay, aoi?ay e o?aouey oi?iu i?aaenoaaeaiey AN niioaaonoaaiii).

Ia?aay oi?ia i?aaenoaaeaiey AN.

Ia?aay oi?ia i?aaenoaaeaiey AN i?eaaaeaia ia ?en.21 e iicaieyao
auaeaaaoue ia ye?ai eioi?iaoeeth i AN ii anai ?aciioeiiui ono?ienoaai
(ii ethaiio ni/aoaieth ono?ienoa, ii anai ono?ienoaai n?aco, e o.ae.)

1-5 iiey – eeth/aaua. Iiea 6 – AN oaoie/aneeo ono?ienoa a iiceoeeiiiii
eiaea. Aeey eaaeaeiai ono?ienoaa ii?aaeaeaii oeene?iaaiiia eiee/anoai
yoeo aaeoia (iaeneiaeueiia cia/aiea 4 a?oiiu eee 4neiaa).

I?eia? eiaee?iaaiey iaeiiai neiaa aeey ono?ienoaa i (?en.22) – cia/aiea
035007 iaaei eioa?i?aoe?iaaoue eae:

Aeaiiay oi?ia i?aaenoaaeaiey oaeiaia aeey ?aaiou n aieueoeie iauaiaie
aeaiiuo (ca aeaiue iaaeaeth, ianyoe…) ii anai ono?ienoaai, aaea aeey
iia?aoi?a aaaeai oaeo iaia?oaeaiey iaeni?aaiinoe (anee cia/aiey AN ia
?aaiu ioeth, oi a aeaiiii ono?ienoaa i?iecioae eaeie-oi naie). Ii yoa
oi?ia iaoaeiaia oai, /oi o?aaoao ?anoeo?iaee aeaiiuo n iiiiuueth
eino?oeoeee. Aeey ono?aiaiey yoiai iaoaeianoaa aaiaeeony aoi?ay oi?ia
i?aaenoaaeaiey, aaea auai?ea auiieiyaony ii iaeiiio, aua?aiiiio
iia?aoi?ii ono?ienoao.

Aoi?ay oi?ia i?aaenoaaeaiey AN.

I?eia? i?aaenoaaeaiey oi?iu 2 i?eaaaeai ia ?en.23. Eae aeaeii ec ?en.23,
oi?ia 2 yaeyaony io?aaeaieai oi?iu 1 aeey iaeiiai ono?ienoaa e o?aaoao
iaiueoeo oneeee i?e ?anoeo?iaea aeaiiuo, o. e. caeanue “oaiee” eieiiie
oaaeeoeu niaea?aeao aieaa eee iaiaa iiiyoiua nie?auaiey e iaicia/aiey
aeey niaoeeaeenoia, ianeoaeeaathueo aiia?aoo?o, o.a. iaicia/aiey
aeathony oa?ieiao, iiiyoiuo aeey noa?u aeayoaeueiinoe iia?aoi?a.

O?aouey oi?ia i?aaenoaaeaiey AN.

Nouanoaoao o?aouey oi?ia i?aaenoaaeaiey, eioi?ay yaeyaony
o?ainoi?ie?iaaiiie oi?iie 2, aua?aiiie ia iaeei iiiaio a?aiaie, o.a. iia
io?aaeaao oaoie/aneia ninoiyiea i-ai ono?ienoaa a caaeaiiue iiiaio
a?aiaie. I?eia? oi?iu 3 i?eaaaeai ia ?en.24. Eae aeaeii ec ?en.24, oi?ia
3 i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ?acaa?ioooth ni?aaeo n ia?a/iai iaeni?aaiinoae e
?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii ono?aiaieth yoeo iaeni?aaiinoae. Aeeeia ni?aaee
i?aeoe/anee ia?aie/eaaaony i?e yoii oieueei niia?aaeaieyie
aeinoaoi/iinoe eioi?iaoeee, i?aaenoaaeaiiie a ni?aaea.

Iaeni?aaii iai?aaeaiea nayce N1 ii ia?aaea/a io AE e O ii i?e/eia
iaiieo/aiey io O-1 eiaeia?aii ii a?aiaie.

IONOONOAOAO NEAIAE NAOUe1

Caiaieoue aeie A4 a noieea I1

O-1 caaeiee?iaai ooieoeeiiaeueiie caaea/ae

Ii?aaeaeaiea ?aaeecoaiuo ooieoeee i?ia?aii ia?aaioee cai?inia aeey 3-o
oi?i i?aaenoaaeaiey AN

I?ia?aiiu ia?aaioee cai?inia aeey o?ao oi?i i?aaenoaaeaiey AN aeieaeiu
auiieiyoue neaaeothuea ooieoeee:

Aeey ia?aie oi?iu i?aaenoaaeaiey AN:

Iaoiaeaeaiea caaeaiiuo iia?aoi?ii caienae AN a AAe ii ethaiio ni/aoaieth
ono?ienoa, eniieuecoy ?acee/iua aa?eaiou iienea ii AAe, a eiaiii:

ii anae AAe (aeaoa e a?aiy ia eniieuecothony);

a aaeeiii eioa?aaea ii aeaoa e a?aiaie;

a oeacaiiii eioa?aaea a?aiaie ii eaaeaeiio aeith eioa?aaea aeao;

ca iaeei aeaiue a oeacaiiii eioa?aaea a?aiaie.

?anoeo?iaea AN caaeaiiuo iia?aoi?ii ono?ienoa, o/eouaay eioa?aae iienea.

Auaea/a ?anoeo?iaaiiuo AN ia iiieoi? eee i?eioa? a ia?aie oi?ia
i?aaenoaaeaiey. Eae aeaeii ec iienaiiiai auoa, ia?aay oi?ia
i?aaenoaaeaiey AN auaeaaony , ia ye?ai iiieoi?a a aeaea, i?aaenoaaeaiiii
ia ?en. 21.

Aeey aoi?ie oi?iu i?aaenoaaeaiey AN:

Iaoiaeaeaiea iaiaoiaeeiie caiene AN a AAe ii eiie?aoiiio ono?ienoao,
caaeaiiiio iia?aoi?ii, eniieuecoy ?acee/iua aa?eaiou iienea:

ii anae AAe ;

a aaeeiii eioa?aaea ii aeaoa e a?aiaie;

a eioa?aaea a?aiaie ii eaaeaeiio aeith eioa?aaea aeao;

ca iaeei aeaiue a oeacaiiii eioa?aaea a?aiaie.

Iiaeii ioiaoeoue, /oi aa?eaiou iienea ii AAe aeey ia?aie e aoi?ie oi?i
i?aaenoaaeaiey AN niaiaaeatho.

?anoeo?iaea AN caaeaiiiai iia?aoi?ii ono?ienoaa, o/eouaay eioa?aae
iienea.

Auaea/a ?anoeo?iaaiiuo AN ia ye?ai iiieoi?a eee i?eioa? a oi?ia
i?aaenoaaeaiiie ia ?en. 23, i?e/ai aeae ye?aia aoaeao ?acee/iui a
caaeneiinoe io ono?ienoaa, caaeaaaaiiai iia?aoi?ii, o.e. ono?ienoaa
nenoaiu ia eaeaioe/iu e iaeaaeatho eiie?aoiuie naienoaaiiuie eeoue ei
oa?aeoa?enoeeaie.

Aeey o?aoueae oi?iu i?aaenoaaeaiey AN:

1. Iaoiaeaeaiea iineaaeiae ii a?aiaie eee iaeiie caiene ii eiie?aoiiio
ono?ienoao, caaeaiiiio iia?aoi?ii,

2. ?anoeo?iaea AN caaeaiiiai iia?aoi?ii ono?ienoaa,

3. Auaea/a ?anoeo?iaaiiuo AN ia ye?ai iiieoi?a eee i?eioa? a ni?aai/iie
oi?ia, i?e/ai oaeno niiauaiey aoaeao caaenaoue io oa?aeoa?enoee
eaaeaeiai eiie?aoiiai ono?ienoaa.

4.3. Ninoaa i?ia?aii

No?oeoo?a i?ia?aii i?aaenoaaeaia ia ?en. 25.

BS1_inq.exe – i?ia?aiia ia?aaioee cai?inia aeey ia?aie oi?iu
i?aaenoaaeaiey AN;

Initsearch – iiaeoeue, ii?aaeaeythuee auai? ooieoeee iienea;

Interval – ii?aaeaeaiea a?aie/iuo iiia?ia caienae a caaeaiiii eioa?aaea
iienea;

Search1 – eieoeeaeecaoeey ooieoeee iienea (ana caiene a caaeaiiii
eioa?aaea);

Search2 – eieoeeaeecaoeey ooieoeee iienea (ia aieaa 1-ai eneiiiai
cia/aiey ii eaaeaeiio iieth);

Search3 – eieoeeaeecaoeey ooieoeee iienea (aieaa 1-ai eneiiiai cia/aiey
oioy au ii 1-io iieth);

Recprint.c – oi?iaoe?iaaiea e caienue iaeaeaiiie no?iee a oaee.

Bs2_inq.c – i?ia?aiia ia?aaioee cai?inia aeey aoi?ie oi?iu
i?aaenoaaeaiey AN;

Interval.c – ii?aaeaeaiea a?aie/iuo iiia?ia eioa?aaea iienea;

Search.c – iiene;

Recprint.c – oi?iaoe?iaaiea e caienue iaeaeaiiie no?iee a oaee.

Form2.c – i?ia?aiia i?aaenoaaeaiey AN a oaenoiaii aeaea;

Bs3_inq.c – i?ia?aiia ia?aaioee cai?inia aeey o?aoueae oi?iu
i?aaenoaaeaiey AN;

Form3.c – i?aaenoaaeaiea AN a aeaea ni?aaee;

4.4. Iienaiea i?ia?aii

Ooieoeeiiaeueiia iacia/aiea i?ia?aii ia?aaioee cai?inia, o?aaiaaiey,
i?aaeuyaeyaiua e iei, a oaeaea aeae i?aaenoaaeaiey eioi?iaoeee ia ye?aia
iiieoi?a e i?eioa?a auee ?anniio?aiu auoa.

I?ia?aiia ia?aaioee cai?ina aeey ia?aie oi?iu i?aaenoaaeaiey AN
aucuaaaony ec i?ia?aiiu oi?ie?iaaiey cai?ina ni neaaeothueie
a?aoiaioaie: 1) “BS1_inq.exe”; 2) eiy aacu aeaiiuo; 3) aa?eaio auai?ee
ii aeaoa e a?aiaie:

“0” – aeaoa e a?aiy ia eniieuecothony, “1” – aaeeiue eioa?aae ii aeaoa e
a?aiaie, “2” – iiiai eioa?aaeia – iiene i?iecaiaeeony a oeacaiiii
eioa?aaea a?aiaie aeey eaaeaeiai cia/aiey aeaou ec /enea aoiaeyueo a
eioa?aae aeaou, “3” – aaeeiue eioa?aae a oa/aiea iaeiiai aeiy
(eniieuecoaony oieueei ia?aia cia/aiea aeaou); 4) eioa?aae iienea ii
aeaoa, iai?eia?, “01/01/98-20/01/98”; 5) eioa?aae iienea ii a?aiaie,
iai?eia?, “06:00:00-09:00:00” e aeaeaa cia/aiey inoaeueiuo iieae AAe.

?acoeueoao ia?aaioee cai?ina caienuaaaony a oaee “inquiry.res” Iinea
ieii/aiey ia?aaioee aeieaeia auoue aucaaia i?ia?aiia “inq_out.exe” aeey
ioia?aaeaiey ?acoeueoaoia ia ye?ai e i?eioa?.

Ia?aiao?u ec eiiaiaeiie no?iee ia?aaeathony a i?ia?aiio ia?aaioee
cai?ina e i?iecaiaeeony ii?aaeaeaiea oi?iaoa caiene aeey aacu aeaiiuo, e
eioi?ie i?iecaaaeai cai?in. Caoai ioe?uaaaony oaee ?acoeueoaoia cai?ina
e a iaai caienuaathony no?iee cai?ina e oaiea oaaeeoeu. Iinea yoiai
i?iecaiaeeony eieoeeaeecaoeey ?aaiou n AAe. A caaeneiinoe io aa?eaioa
iienea, aua?aiiiai iia?aoi?ii, i?ia?aiia iiaeeeth/aao iiaeoee,
iaania/eaathuea ii?aaeaeaiea a?aie/iuo iiia?ia eioa?aaea iienea e
eieoeee?othuea ooieoeeth iienea.

Ooieoeee iienea search1 (ana caiene a oeacaiiii eioa?aaea) e search2 (ia
aieaa iaeiiai eneiiiai cia/aiey ii eaaeaeiio iieth) Iiene i?iecaiaeeony
ii iaeneiaeueiiio iiia?o caiene. Iai?eia?, nia/aea i?iniao?eaaaony iiea,
niaea?aeauaa oei ono?ienoaa e auae?athony caiene n iiia?aie 5, 10, 36,
48. Caoai i?iecaiaeeony iiene ii aeaeo niiauaiey. Anee eneiiue aeae
niiauaiey iaoiaeeony eeoue a 15-i iiea, oi ana iiey n 1-ai ii 36-a
i?iioneathony e iiene ia/eiaaony n 36-ai iiey. N iiiiuueth oaeiai
aeai?eoia i?iecaiaeeony ieieiecaoeey a?aiaie iienea ii AAe. Eae oieueei
eneiiua iiey niaiaaeatho, oi iiia? iaeaeaiiie caiene oeene?oaony e
oi?aaeaiea ia?aaeaaony i?ia?aiia recprint, eioi?ay oi?iaoe?oao
iaeaeaiioth no?ieo e caienuaaao aa a oaee.

Ooieoeey iienea search3 (aieaa iaeiiai eneiiiai cia/aiey oioy au ii
iaeiiio iieth) ioe?uaaao iannea aooa?ia aeey iienea, aai ?acia?iinoue
?aaia eiee/anoao iieae a oaaeeoea. ?acia?iinoue eaaeaeiai ec ianneaia
rec[i] ?aaia eiee/anoao eneiiuo cia/aiee ii i-io iieth oaaeeoeu. A
eaaeaeue aooa? caiineony iaeii eneiiia cia/aiea ii eaeiio-eeai iieth
oaaeeoeu. Eaaeaeiio aooa?o rec[i] [j] niioaaonoaoao yeaiaio ianneaa
ianneaia z[i] [j] , a eio?ii o?aieony oaeouee iiia? iaeaeaiiie caiene ii
aeaiiiio aooa?o (o.a. caiene, a niioaaonoaothuai iiea eioi?ie iaoiaeeony
cia/aiea, ?aaiia cia/aieth, caianaiiiio a aooa?). Aua a iaeiii ianneaa
o?aiyony oaeouea iiia?a iaeaeaiiuo no?ie ii eaaeaeiio iieth, aaea max –
oaeouee iiia? caiene i?e iienea, o.a. caiene n iiia?aie, iaiueoa max
oaea i?iniio?aiu. Aeey eaaeaeiai aooa?a iaoiaeeony caienue ni cia/aieai,
?aaiui caianaiiiio a yoio aooa? e n iiia?ii, aieueoei eeai ?aaiui max.
Iaeaeaiiua iiia?a caiinyony a niioaaonoaothuea z[i] [j]. Caoai aeey
eaaeaeiai iiey ii?aaeaeyaony cia/aiea oaeouaai iiia?a iaeaeaiiuo no?ie
ii eaaeaeiio iieth. Anee oioy au ii iaeiiio iieth i?iecioae auoiae ca
i?aaeaeu eioa?aaea iienea, cia/eo, iiene caeii/ai. Anee aea cia/aiey
oaeoueo iiia?ia iaeaeaiiuo no?ie niaiaaeatho ii anai iieyi, cia/eo,
eneiiay caienue iaeaeaia. Iaeaeaiiay no?iea oi?iaoe?oaony e caienuaaaony
a oaee.

Aeai?eoi i?ia?aiiu ia?aaioee cai?ina aeey aoi?ie oi?iu i?aaenoaaeaiey AN
eiae/anee auno?iai ii oaeiio aea i?eioeeio, iaeiaei ii i?iua, o.e. iiene
i?iecaiaeeony aeey iaeiiai ono?ienoaa. Ia?aae caienueth iaeaeaiiie
no?iee a oaee i?iecaiaeeony i?aaenoaaeaiea AN a oaenoiaii aeaea.

I?ia?aiiu ia?aaioee cai?inia aeey o?aoueae oi?iu i?aaenoaaeaiey AN
iaoiaeyo iineaaeithth ii a?aiaie caienue a AAe e auaeatho
i?aia?aciaaiiua AN a oaee.

Aeai?eoiu i?ia?aii i?eaaaeaiu a I?eeiaeaiee 1.

Oaenou i?ia?aii i?eaaaeaiu a I?eeiaeaiee 2.

4.5. Ioeaiea ?acoeueoaoia ?aaiou i?ia?aii

?acoeueoaoii aeaiiiai aeeieiiiiai i?iaeoa yaeyaony ?ac?aaioea i?ia?aii
oi?ie?iaaiey e ia?aaioee cai?inia aeey 3-o oi?i i?aaenoaaeaiey AN.
I?ia?aiiu ?ac?aaioaiu aeey oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa A?I ?Ae e
ooieoeeiie?otho a ninoaaa niaoeeaeueiiai II A?I ?Ae.

I?ia?aiiiay e eioi?iaoeeiiiay niaianoeiinoue iaania/eaaaony auai?ii
n?aaenoa i?ia?aiie?iaaiey (Ne – ioiineoaeueii iiaeeueiue ycue. I?ia?aiiu
iaienaiiua ia ycuea Ne aeey aeaiiie iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiu e aeey
eiie?aoiiai eiiiuethoa?a ca/anooth iiaeii ia?aianoe a ae?oaoth
iia?aoeeiiioth nenoaio eee ia ae?oaie eiiiuethoa? n ieieiaeueiuie
eciaiaieyie eeai aiana aac ieo).

O?aaiaaiea ii iaania/aieth iaaeaaeiinoe aeey i?ia?aiiiie ia?aaioee
cai?inia iaania/eaaaony oaeaea auai?ii n?aaenoa i?ia?aiie?iaaiey, –
aei/iay no?oeoo?a i?ia?aiiu ia Ne iaania/eaaao eae caueoo aeaiiuo, oae e
aunieee o?iaaiue eiio?iey ca iaeanoyie aeaenoaey e aeaeeiinoe
ia?aiaiiuo.

O?aaiaaiea oaeianoaa yenieoaoaoeee oaeaea yaeyaony o?aaiaaieai,
i?aaeuyaeyaiui e niaoeeaeueiiio II A?I ?Ae aoeaeii e iaania/eaaaony
iauae eiaeeie i?aaiecaoeee iieueciaaoaeueneiai eioa?oaena.

Aua iaeii o?aaiaaiea, eioi?ia auei iaiai?aii a i. 4.2.1. – yoi
ieieiecaoeey a?aiaie iienea ii AAe. Caeanue ioaeii eiie?aoece?iaaoue,
/oi ieieiecaoeey a?aiaie ioaaoa ia cai?in inouanoaeyaony ia ianeieueeeo
o?iaiyo:

“oaoiieiae/aneii” – n?aaenoaa a?oeae?iaaiey AAe;

“eiae/aneii” – eioi?iaoeey o?aieony a ianeieueeeo aacao aeaiiuo (ni. i.
3.3.- iaeia ec i?e/ei oi?ie?iaaiey iiaeiaiuo ioiioaiee – yoi
ieieiecaoeey a?aiaie iienea);

“i?ia?aiiiii” – auaeaeaiea a?aieoe e eioa?aaeia iienea.

E?iia oiai, auai? oi?iu i?aaenoaaeaiey, aeey eioi?ie oi?ie?oaony cai?in
e caaeaiiue eioa?aae, aoaeoo aeeyoue ia a?aiy iienea caienae. Anee,
iai?eia?, iia?aoi? aua?ae 1-th oi?io i?aaenoaaeaiey e noi?ie?iaae cai?in
ii ianeieueeei ono?ienoaai, i?e/ai caaeae aa?eaio iienea ii anae AAe, oi
a?aiy ioaaoa aoaeao aieueoa, /ai anee au iia?aoi? noi?ie?iaae cai?in
aeey 3-e oi?iu i?aaenoaaeaiey AN, eioi?ay iaania/eaaao iiene eeoue
iaeiie caiene a AAe. Anee aeey 3-e oi?iu i?aaenoaaeaiey AN a?aiy ioaaoa
aoaeao ninoaaeyoue 2-3 nae.. oi aeey neiaeiuo cai?inia iiaeao
i?eaeeaeaoueny e aeanyoeai naeoiae. Iiyoiio iaeuecy i?eaanoe iaeii
eiie?aoiia cia/aiea a?aiaie ioaaoa ia cai?in iia?aoi?a.

I?eaaaeai neaaeothuea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee iia?aoi?o A?I ?Ae: /ai neiaeiaa
cai?in e /ai aieueoa eiee/anoai ono?ienoa, ii eioi?ui noi?ie?iaai cai?in
–oai aeieueoa iiene. Anee iaiaoiaeeii auno?i iieo/eoue eioi?iaoeeth, oi
?aeiiaiaeoaony aua?aoue 3-th eee 2-th oi?io i?aaenoaaeaiey, eioi?ua
i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey iieo/aiey eioi?iaoeee ii iaeiiio ono?ienoao. Anee
aea eiee/anoai caienae a AAe oaaee/eeinue ianoieueei, /oi iiene caieiaao
iuooeiia a?aiy, oi ?aeiiaiaeoaony iieueciaaoueny n?aaenoaaie a?oeaaoeee.

I?ia?aiiu ia?aaioee cai?inia iaania/eaatho caienue i?aia?aciaaiiuo oi?i
AN a oaee, e ?aaioatho niaianoii n i?ia?aiiaie, iaania/eaathueie auaea/o
i?aia?aciaaiiuo oi?i AN ia ye?ai iiieoi?a e i?eioa?.

I?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneay /anoue

Aaaaeaiea

Oaiie i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneie /anoe aeeieiiiiai i?iaeoa yaeyaony
oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneia iainiiaaiea (OYI) ii oaia: “Aecian-ieai
?ac?aaioee”.

A aeeieiiiii i?iaeoa i?iecaiaeeony ?ac?aaioea i?ia?aii ia?aaioee
cai?inia e aaca aeaiiuo aaoiiaoece?iaaiiiai ?aai/aai ianoa ?aaeno?aoeee
e aeieoiaioe?iaaiey (A?I ?Ae).

A OYI iaiaoiaeeii ?anniio?aoue neaaeothuea aii?inu:

Ieaie?iaaiea ?ac?aaioee n iino?iaieai naoaaiai a?aoeea;

?an/ao noieiinoe ?ac?aaioee;

Yeiiiie/aneoth yooaeoeaiinoue ?ac?aaioee;

Ninoaa e iacia/aiea iniiaiuo ?acaeaeia oicyenoaaiiiai aeiaiai?a.

A ia?aie /anoe OYI iaiaoiaeeii ?ann/eoaoue n?ie ?ac?aaioee e iino?ieoue
naoaaie a?aoee ?aaio ii nicaeaieth i?ia?aiiiiai iaania/aiey A?I ?Ae. A
aeaiiii neo/aa iiae ?ac?aaioeie iiae?acoiaaathony ia oieueei i?ia?aiiu
ia?aaioee cai?inia e aaca aeaiiuo, a i?ia?aiiiia iaania/aiea A?I ?Ae a
oeaeii.

Ai aoi?ie /anoe OYI iaiaoiaeeii ?ann/eoaoue noieiinoue ?ac?aaioee
i?ia?aiiiiai iaania/aiey A?I ?Ae n iiiaioa iieo/aiey ia?aiai aa?eaioa
oaoie/aneiai caaeaiey e caeai/eaay ioi?ieaieai aeieoiaioaoeee e naea/ae
?ac?aaioee. I?e yoii o/eouaaaony, /oi ?ac?aaioea i?iecaiaeeony ia
n?aaenoaa, auaeaeyaiua ec Ainathaeaeaoa (oeiaine?iaaiea ii oeaeaaui
i?ia?aiiai).

A o?aoueae /anoe OYI iaiaoiaeeii iainiiaaoue yeiiiie/aneoth
yooaeoeaiinoue ?ac?aaioee.

A caeeth/eoaeueiie /anoe OYI iaiaoiaeeii noi?ioee?iaaoue iniiaiua ioieou
oicyenoaaiiiai aeiaiai?a, caeeth/aaiiai iaaeaeo aeaoiy noi?iiaie –
caeac/eeii e eniieieoaeai, a oaeaea noi?ioee?iaaoue iacia/aiea ioieoia
oicyenoaaiiiai aeiaiai?a e ii?yaeie eo niaeaniaaiey e ooaa?aeaeaiey.

1. Ieaie?iaaiea ?ac?aaioee n eniieueciaaieai naoaaiai a?aoeea

Aieueoay neiaeiinoue e eiiieaeniinoue iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo e
iiuoii-eiino?oeoi?neeo ?aaio, iaeiia?aiaiiia o/anoea iiiaeo
eniieieoaeae, iaiaoiaeeiinoue ia?aeeaeueiiai auiieiaiey ?aaio,
caaeneiinoue ia/aea iiiaeo ?aaio io ?acoeueoaoia ae?oaeo, cia/eoaeueii
ineiaeiyao ieaie?iaaiea ?ac?aaioee. Iaeaieaa oaeiaiuie a yoeo oneiaeyo
yaeythony nenoaiu naoaaiai ieaie?iaaiey e oi?aaeaiey, iniiaaiiua ia
i?eiaiaiee naoaauo iiaeaeae ieaie?oaiuo i?ioeannia, aeiioneathueo
eniieueciaaiea nia?aiaiiie au/eneeoaeueiie oaoieee, iicaieythueo auno?i
ii?aaeaeeoue iineaaenoaey ?acee/iuo aa?eaioia oi?aaeythueo aicaeaenoaee
e iaoiaeeoue iaeeo/oea ec ieo. Iie aeatho aiciiaeiinoue ?oeiaiaeeoaeyi
naiaa?aiaiii iieo/aoue aeinoiaa?ioth eioi?iaoeeth i ninoiyiee aeae, i
aicieeoeo caaea?aeeao e aiciiaeiinoyo onei?aiey oiaea ?aaio,
eiioeaio?e?otho aieiaiea ?oeiaiaeeoaeae ia “e?eoe/aneeo” ?aaioao,
ii?aaeaeythueo i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue i?iaaaeaiey ?ac?aaioee a oeaeii,
canoaaeytho niaa?oainoaiaaoue oaoiieiaeth e i?aaiecaoeeth ?aaio,
iaiin?aaenoaaiii aeeythueo ia n?iee i?iaaaeaiey ?ac?aaioee, iiiiaatho
ninoaaeyoue ?aoeeiiaeueiua ieaiu ?aaio, iaania/eaatho niaeaniaaiiinoue
aeaenoaee eniieieoaeae.

Ieaie?iaaiea iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo ?aaio n i?eiaiaieai naoaaiai
iaoiaea aaae?ony a neaaeothuai ii?yaeea:

ninoaaeyaony ia?a/aiue niauoee e ?aaio;

onoaiaaeeaaaony oiiieiaey naoe;

no?ieony naoaaie a?aoee ii oaia;

ii?aaeaeyaony i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ?aaio (tiae);

?ann/eouaathony ia?aiao?u naoaaiai a?aoeea;

ii?aaeaeyaony i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue e?eoe/aneiai iooe;

i?iaiaeeony aiaeec e iioeiecaoeey naoaaiai a?aoeea, anee yoi
iaiaoiaeeii.

A ia?a/ia niauoee e ?aaio oeacuaatho eiaeiaua iiia?a niauoee e eo
iaeiaiiaaiea, a iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe io enoiaeiiai niauoey e
caaa?oathuaio, i?e ?aniieiaeaiee eiaeiauo iiia?ia e iaeiaiiaaiee ?aaio
ia?a/eneythony ana ?aaiou, eiathuea iauaa ia/aeueiia niauoea.

Enoiaeiua aeaiiua aeey ?an/aoa iieo/atho iaoiaeii yenia?oiuo ioeaiie.
Aeey ?aaio, a?aiy auiieiaiey eioi?uo iaecaanoii, eniieieoaeue eee
ae?oaea niaoeeaeenou, i?eaeaeaaiua a ea/anoaa yenia?oia, aeatho a
niioaaonoaea n i?eiyoie nenoaiie o?e eee aeaa aa?iyoiinoiua ioeaiee
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe:

tmin – ieieiaeueioth;

tmax – iaeneiaeueioth;

tia – iaeaieaa aa?iyoioth eee oieueei ia?aua aeaa.

Yoe aaee/eiu yaeythony enoiaeiuie aeey ?an/?oa iaeeaeaaiiai a?aiaie tiae
ii oi?ioeai (1) e (2).

(1)

(2)

Iinea iino?iaiey a?aoeea e auai?a iaiaoiaeeiuo enoiaeiuo aeaiiuo
?ann/eouaatho ia?aiao?u naoe: n?iee niaa?oaiey niauoee, ?aca?au a?aiaie,
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue e?eoe/aneiai iooe. ?an/?o ia?aiao?ia naoe iaeaieaa
oaeiaii auiieiyoue oaaee/iui iaoiaeii, anee /enei niauoee ia i?aauoaao
100 – 150. Yoiio oneiaeth niioaaonoaoao i?iaiaeeiay ?ac?aaioea.

Aeey iienaiey naoe a “oa?ieiao niauoee” eniieuecothony neaaeothuea
iiiyoey.

?aiiee n?ie ianooieaiey niauoey (Tpi) – ieieiaeueiue n?ie, iaiaoiaeeiue
aeey auiieiaiey anao ?aaio, i?aaeoanoaothueo aeaiiiio niauoeth, ?aaai
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe iaeaieueoaai ec iooae, aaaeoueo io enoiaeiiai
niauoey 1 e aeaiiiio (oi?ioea (3)).

(3)

E?eoe/aneee iooue naoe (Oe?) – iaeneiaeueiue iooue io enoiaeiiai niauoey
1 aei caaa?oathuaai niauoey N.

Iicaeiee n?ie ianooieaiey niauoey (Tni) – iaeneiaeueii aeiionoeiue n?ie
ianooieaiey aeaiiiai niauoey, i?e eioi?ii nio?aiyaony aiciiaeiinoue
niaethaeaiey ?aiieo n?ieia ianooieaiey iineaaeothueo niauoee, ?aaai
?aciinoe iaaeaeo i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoueth e?eoe/aneiai iooe e
iaeaieueoaai ec iooae, aaaeoueo io caaa?oathuaai niauoey aeaiiiio
(oi?ioea (4)).

(4)

Ana niauoey a naoe, ca eneeth/aieai niauoee, i?eiaaeeaaeaueo
e?eoe/aneiio iooe, eiatho ?aca?a a?aiaie (Ri), i?eaaae?iiue a au?aaeaiee
(5).

(5)

?aca?a a?aiaie niauoey iieacuaaao, ia eaeie i?aaeaeueiue n?ie iiaeii
caaea?aeaoue ianooieaiea yoiai niauoey, ia oaaee/eaay iauaai n?iea
ieii/aiey ?aaio (o.a. i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe e?eoe/aneiai iooe).

I?e iienaiee naoe “a oa?ieiao ?aaio” ii?aaeaeytho ?aiiea e iicaeiea
n?iee ia/aea e ieii/aiey ?aaio (oi?ioeu (6) – (9)).

?aiiee n?ie ia/aea:

(6)

iicaeiee n?ie ia/aea:

(7)

?aiiee n?ie ieii/aiey:

(8)

iicaeiee n?ie ieii/aiey:

(9)

?aaiou naoaaie iiaeaee iiaoo eiaoue aeaa aeaea ?aca?aia a?aiaie: iieiue
(Rii,j) e naiaiaeiue (Rci,j). Iieiue ?aca?a iieacuaaao, ia neieueei
iiaeao auoue oaaee/aia i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaiiie ?aaiou eee
naeaeiooi a? ia/aei oae, /oiau i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue iaeneiaeueiiai ec
i?ioiaeyueo /a?ac ia? iooae ia i?aauneea e?eoe/aneiai iooe. Iieiue
?aca?a, anee ii ia eniieueciaai aei eiioea i?e auiieiaiee aeaiiie
?aaiou, /anoe/ii iiaeao auoue ia?a?ani?aaeae?i e iaaeaeo ae?oaeie
?aaioaie, eaaeaueie ia aeaiiii iooe. Iieiue ?aca?a ?ann/eouaaaony ii
oi?ioea (10).

(10)

Naiaiaeiue ?aca?a iieacuaaao iaeneiaeueiia a?aiy, ia eioi?ia iiaeii
oaaee/eoue i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeaiiie ?aaiou eee eciaieoue a? ia/aei,
ia iaiyy ?aiieo n?ieia ia/aea iineaaeothueo ?aaio.

Ii yaeyaony iacaaeneiui ?aca?aii a?aiaie aeaiiie ?aaiou, o.e.
eniieueciaaiea aai ia iaiyao aaee/eiu naiaiaeiuo ?aca?aia inoaeueiuo
?aaio naoe.

Naiaiaeiue ?aca?a ?ann/eouaaaony ii oi?ioea (11).

(11)

A niioaaonoaee n auoaeceiaeaiiie iaoiaeeeie i?eaaae?i ieaie?iaaiea
?ac?aaioee.

Ia?a/aiue niauoee e ?aaio ii eaaeaeiio yoaio i?eaiaeeony a oaaeeoea 1.
I?ioeann ?ac?aaioee iiae?acaeaeyaony ia iyoue yoaiia:

Iiaeaioiaeoaeueiue yoai.

Auai? iaoiaeia e n?aaenoa ?aoaiey.

?ac?aaioea aeai?eoiia i?ia?aii.

Ioeaaeea i?ia?aii e aiaeec ?acoeueoaoia.

Ioi?ieaiea aeieoiaioaoeee e iiaeaioiaea e naea/a ?aca?aioee.

A oaaeeoea 1 i?eaaaeai ia?a/aiue niauoee e ?aaio, eiathueo ianoi i?e
?ac?aaioea A?I ?Ae.

Ia?a/aiue niauoee e iaeiaiiaaiea ?aaio

yoaia ? nia. Niauoea Eiae

?aaiou Iaeiaiiaaiea ?aaiou

Ia?aue aa?eaio OC iieo/ai

0-1

0-3

Niaeaniaaiea e ooi/iaiea ia?aiai aa?eaioa OC

Ninoaaeaiea ia?a/iy iaoa?eaeia ii oaiaoeea

I?iiaaeooi/iue aa?eaio OC niaeaniaai

1-2

Ninoaaeaiea ieii/aoaeueiiai aa?eaioa OC

Ieii/aoaeueiue aa?eaio OC ooaa?aeaeai

2-5

I?iaaaeaiea aiaeeca nouanoaothueo iaoiaeia ?aoaiey e iieo/aiea
n?aaieoaeueiuo oa?-e

Ia?a/aiue iaoa?eaeia ii oaiaoeea ninoaaeai

3-4

Eco/aiea iaoa?eaeia ii oaiaoeea

Iaoa?eaeu ii oaiaoeea caaea/e eco/aiu

4-8

Auai? ieii/aoaeueiiai iaoiaea ?aoaiey

Aiaeec nouanoaothueo iaoiaeia ?aoaiey i?iaaaeai, n?aaieoaeueiua oa?-ee
iieo/aiu

5-6

I?aaeaa?eoaeueiue auai? iaoiaea ?aoaiey

6 Iaoiae ?aoaiey i?aaeaa?eoaeueii aua?ai 6-7 Ooi/iaiea e niaeaniaaiea
aua?aiiiai iaoiaea ?aoaiey

7 Aua?aiiue iaoiae ?aoaiey niaeaniaai 7-8 Ooaa?aeaeaiea ieii/aoaeueiiai
iaoiaea ?aoaiey

III

8 Ieii/aoaeueiue iaoiae ?aoaiey ooaa?aeaeai 8-9

8-10

8-11 Eco/aiea eeo-?u ii ssI

Ninoaaeaiea yneeciiai aa?eaioa aeai?eoia

Aiaeec aoiaeiie e auoiaeiie eioi?iaoeee

9 Eeoa?aoo?a ii ssI eco/aia 9-14 Auai? ycuea i?ia?aiie?iaaiey

I?iaeieaeaiea oaae. 1

yoaia ? nia. Niauoea Eiae

?aaiou Iaeiaiiaaiea ?aaiou

III

Yneeciue aa?eaio aea. Ninoaaeai

10-12

Ooi/iaiea aeai?eoia ?aoaiey

Aiaeec aoiaeiie e auoiaeiie eioi?iaoeee i?iaaaeai

11-12

Ooi/iaiea aeai?eoia ?aoaiey

Aeai?eoi ?aoaiey i?i?aaioai

12-13

?ac?aaioea aeie-noaiu aeai?eoia

Aeie-noaia aeai?eoia ninoaaeaia

13-14

Auai? ycuea i?ia?aiie?iaaiey

sscue i?a?aiie?iaaiey aua?ai

14-15

14-16

Ii?aaeaeaiea no?oeoo?u i?ia?aiiu

?aaioa iaae iiaeoeyie i?ia?aiiu

No?oeoo?a i?ia?aiiu ?ac?aaioaia

15-17

?aaioa iaae oaenoaie i?ia?aii

Iiaeoeueiay no?oeoo?a ?ac?aaioaia

16-17

?aaioa iaae oaenoaie i?ia?aii

Oaenou i?ia?aii ninoaaeaiu

17-18

17-19

Eiae/aneee aiaeec i?ia?aiiu e aa ei??aeoe?iaaiea

Eiiieeyoeey i?ia?aii

Eiae/aneee aiaeec i?ia?aii, eo ei??aeoe?iaaiea caaa?oaiu

18-20

Eni?aaeaiea ioeaie a i?ia?aiiao

I?iaeieaeaiea oaae. 1

yoaia ? nia. Niauoea Eiae

?aaiou Iaeiaiiaaiea ?aaiou

Eiiieeyoeey i?ia?aii caaa?oaia

19-21

?aaeaeoe?iaaiea i?ia?aii a aaeeiue iiaeoeue

Eni?aaeaiea ioeaie caaa?oaii

20-21

?aaeaeoe?iaaiea i?ia?aii a aaeeiue iiaeoeue

?aaeaeoe?iaaiea i?ia?aii a aaeeiue caa?oci/iue iiaeoeue caaa?oaii

21-22

21-23

Auiieiaiea i?ia?aii

Aiaeec ?ac-oia auiieiaiey

Auiieiaiea i?ia?aii caaa?oaii

22-24

I?iaa?ea ooie-ey i?ia-ii a ?acee/iuo oneiaeyo ?aaiou

Aiaeec ?acoeueoaoia auiieiaiey i?ia?aii caaa?oai

23-24

23-25

I?iaa?ea ooie-ey i?ia-ii a ?acee/iuo oneiaeyo ?aaiou

Auione aeieoiaioaoeee

24 I?iaa?ea ooie-ey i?ia-ii a ?acee/iuo oneiaeyo ?aaiou caaa?oaia 24-26
Iiaeaioiaea io/aoa i ?aaioa

25 Auione aeieoiaioaoeee caaa?oai 25-26 Iiaeaioiaea io/aoa i ?aaioa

26 Io/ao i ?aaioa iiaeaioiaeai

Ia iniiaaiee ia?a/iy niauoee e ?aaio iino?iai naoaaie a?aoee ?aaio
(?en.1).

E?oaeee ia naoaaii a?aoeea iaicia/atho niauoey, no?aeee – ?aaiou, iiia?
iaae no?aeeie – a?aiy, iaiaoiaeeiia aeey auiieiaiey aeaiiie ?aaiou.
Eaaeaeue e?oaeie, ecia?aaeathuee niauoea, aeaeeony ia /aou?a naeoi?a. A
aa?oiai naeoi?a ?aniieaaaaony iiia? niauoey, a eaaii naeoi?a – ?aiiee
n?ie ianooieaiey niauoey, a i?aaii naeoi?a – iicaeiee n?ie ieii/aiey
niauoey. A ieaeiai naeoi?a ?aniieaaaaony ?aca?a a?aiaie ianooieaiey
niauoey.

Aeey ii?aaeaeaiey iieiiai ?aca?aa a?aiaie ?aaiou iaaei ec /enea a
i?aaii naeoi?a eiia/iiai niauoey au/anoue /enei a eaaii naeoi?a
ia/aeueiiai niauoey e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ?aaiou iaaeaeo eiia/iui e
ia/aeueiui niauoeyie. Aeey ii?aaeaeaiey naiaiaeiiai ?aca?aa iaaei ec
/enea a eaaii naeoi?a eiia/iiai niauoey au/anoue /enei a eaaii naeoi?a
ia/aeueiiai niauoey e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ?aaiou.

?an/ao ia?aiao?ia naoaaiai a?aoeea oaeiaii i?iecaiaeeoue,
iineaaeiaaoaeueii caiieiyy oaaeeoeo ia?aiao?ia naoe ii ii?aaeaeaiiui
i?aaeeai.

aa?iyoiinoiuo ioeaiie i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe ?aaio.

yoeo ?aaio ?aaii eo i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe. ?aiiaa ia/aei iineaaeothueo
?aaio ii?aaeaeyaony iooai auai?a iaeneiaeueiiai ec n?ieia ?aiiaai
ieii/aiey i?aaeoanoaothueo ?aaio.

ii?aaeaeyaony ii oi?ioea (8) e oaeoe/anee ?aaii noiia aaee/ei ?aiiaai
ia/aea e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe aeaiiie ?aaiou.

I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue e?eoe/aneiai iooe ii?aaeaeyaony iinea iaoiaeaeaiey
n?ieia ?aiiaai ia/aea ?aaio e ?aiiaai ieii/aiey ?aaio, eioi?ua aaaeoo e
caaa?oathuaio niauoeth. Iaeaeaiiay aaee/eia caiineony a a?aoo iicaeiaai
n?iea ieii/aiey ?aaio aeey anao ?aaio, aaaeoueo e caaa?oathuaio
niauoeth.

, e?iia aa iineaaeiae no?iee i?iecaiaeeony nieco aaa?o neaaeothuei
ia?acii: iaoiaeyony ana ?aaiou, iineaaeothuea ca ?anniao?eaaaiie, e
ii?aaeaeythony ?aciinoe iaaeaeo iicaeiei ieii/aieai yoeo ?aaio e eo
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoueth. Ieieiaeueiay ec iieo/aiiuo aaee/ei caiineony a
a?aoo iicaeiaai n?iea ieii/aiey ?aaio.

iaoiaeyony eae ?aciinoue iicaeiaai ieii/aiey yoeo ?aaio e eo
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe.

?aca?au a?aiaie ii?aaeaeythony ii oi?ioeai (10) e (11) niioaaonoaaiii.

Ia?aiao?u naoaaiai a?aoeea i?aaenoaaeaiu a oaaeeoea 2.

Ia?aiao?u naoaaiai a?aoeea

Eiae

0-1 25 30 27 0 27 0 27 0 0

0-3 10 15 12 0 12 32 44 32 0

1-2 15 25 19 27 46 27 46 0 0

2-5 30 40 34 46 80 46 80 0 0

3-4 40 50 44 12 56 44 88 32 0

4-8 50 60 54 56 110 88 142 32 32

5-6 20 35 26 80 106 80 106 0 0

6-7 15 25 19 106 125 106 125 0 0

7-8 15 20 17 125 142 125 142 0 0

8-9 55 60 57 142 199 142 199 0 0

8-10 50 60 54 142 196 146 200 4 0

8-11 35 45 39 142 181 163 202 21 0

9-14 45 55 49 199 248 199 248 0 0

10-12 15 25 19 196 215 200 219 4 0

11-12 15 20 17 181 198 202 219 21 17

12-13 15 20 17 215 232 219 236 4 0

13-14 10 15 12 232 244 236 248 4 4

14-15 50 60 54 248 302 248 302 0 0

14-16 25 40 31 248 279 311 342 63 0

15-17 140 160 148 302 450 302 450 0 0

16-17 100 120 108 279 387 342 450 63 63

17-18 40 80 56 450 506 450 506 0 0

17-19 20 25 22 450 472 498 520 48 0

18-20 25 40 31 506 537 506 537 0 0

I?iaeieaeaiea oaae. 2

Eiae

19-21 30 40 34 472 506 520 554 48 48

20-21 15 20 17 537 554 537 554 0 0

21-22 10 15 12 554 566 554 573 7 0

21-23 15 20 17 554 571 554 571 0 0

22-24 20 30 24 566 597 566 597 0 0

23-24 10 15 12 571 583 585 597 14 14

23-25 30 40 34 571 605 571 605 0 0

24-26 25 30 27 597 617 597 624 0 0

25-26 15 25 19 605 624 605 624 0 0

2. ?an/ao noieiinoe ?ac?aaioee

Aaee/eio cao?ao ia iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneea ?aaiou ii?aaeaeytho ia
iniiaa iaoiaea eaeueeoeyoeee. A yoii neo/aa cao?aou ii?aaeaeythony
?an/aoii ii ioaeaeueiui noaoueyi ?anoiaeia e eo iineaaeothuei
noiie?iaaieai a oi?ia. ?anniio?ei cao?aou ii ioaeaeueiui noaoueyi
?anoiaeia.

2.1. ?an/?o noaouee “iaoa?eaeu, iieoiiua ecaeaeey, iieooaa?eeaou”

Ia yoo noaoueth ioiineony noieiinoue iaoa?eaeia, iieoiiuo ecaeaeee,
iieooaa?eeaoia e ae?oaeo iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae, ?anoiaeoaiuo
iaiin?aaenoaaiii a i?ioeanna auiieiaiey IE? ii oaia. Oeaia iaoa?eaeueiuo
?ano?nia ii?aaeaeyaony ii niioaaonoaothuei oeaiieeai. A noieiinoue
iaoa?eaeueiuo cao?ao aeeth/athony o?ainii?oiua ?anoiaeu (10 % io
i?aeneo?aioiie oeaiu).

?an/?o noaouee “iaoa?eaeu, iieoiiua ecaeaeey, iieooaa?eeaou” i?eaiaeeony
a oaaeeoea 3.

Iaeiaiiaaiea

oiaa?a Aae. Ecia?aiey Eie-ai Oeaia ca aaeeieoeo (?oa.) Noiia?. cao?aou
(?oa.)

Aeeneaou Ia/ea 2 90 180

*a?oaaeiay aoiaaa Eenou 20 5 100

Aoiaaa aeey i?eioa?a Ia/ea 3 80 240

Eoiai: 520

N o/?oii o?ainii?oiuo ?anoiaeia:

520 + 0.1 *520 =572 ( ?oa.)

2.2. ?an/?o iniiaiie ca?aaioiie ieaou ii oaia

E yoie noaouea ioiinyony iniiaiay ca?aaioiay ieaoa ?aaioieeia, a oaeaea
i?aiee, aoiaeyuea a oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou. ?an/?o iniiaiie ca?aaioiie
ieaou auiieiyaony ia iniiaa o?oaei?ieinoe auiieiaiey eaaeaeiai yoaia a
/aeiaaei-aeiyo e aaee/eiu iany/iiai aeieaeiinoiiai ieeaaea eniieieoaey.

N?aaeiaa eiee/anoai ?aai/eo aeiae a ianyoea ?aaii 20-oe.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, aeiaaiay ca?aaioiay ieaoa ii?aaeaeyaony aeaeaieai
?acia?a ieeaaea ia eiee/anoai ?aai/eo aeiae a ianyoea.

O?oaeiaieinoue ii?aaeaeyaony neaaeothuei ia?acii: ii oaaeeoeai 1 e 2
iaoiaeeony eiee/anoai aeiae, eioi?ia iaiaoiaeeii iio?aoeoue ia eaaeaeue
ec 5-oe yoaiia ?ac?aaioee.

Iai?eia?, ia ia?aii yoaia ?ac?aaioee iio?aaoaony eiee/anoai aeiae,
?aaiia noiia i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoae ?aaio, eiaeu eioi?uo: 0-1, 0-3, 1-2,
2-5, 3-4. O?oaeiaieinoue eaaeaeiai yoaia ii?aaeaeyaony aeey a?oiiu
niaoeeaeenoia, ioaa/athueo ca yoio yoai ?ac?aaioee.

I?iecaaaeaiea o?oaeiaieinoe ia noiio aeiaaiie ca?aaioiie ieaou
ii?aaeaeyao cao?aou ii ca?ieaoa aeey eaaeaeiai ?aaioieea ia ana a?aiy
?ac?aaioee.

?an/ao iniiaiie ca?aaioiie ieaou ii oaia i?eaaaeai a oaaeeoea 4.

?an/ao iniiaiie ca?aaioiie ieaou ii oaia

Iaeiaiiaaiea yoaiia ?aaio Eniieieoaeue Ieeaae

( ?oa.) Aeiaaiay ca?. Ieaoa (?oa.) O?oaeiaieinoue

(a /aeiaaei-aeiyo) Cao?aou ii

ca?. ieaoa

( ?oa.)

1. Iiaeaioiaeoaeueiue yoai Aaaeouee eiaeaia?

Eiaeaia? 1200

1000 60

50 252

252 15120

12600

2. ?ac?aaioea aeai?eoiia e i?ia?aii

Aaaeouee eiaeaia?

Eiaeaia?

Eiaeaia? 1200

1000

1000 60

50 864

864

864 51840

43200

3.Ooi?ieaiea aeieoi-ee e iiaeaioiaea e naea/a

Eiaeaia?

1000

2300

EOIAI:

168260

2.3. ?an/ao aeiiieieoaeueiie ca?aaioiie ieaou

Ia yoo noaoueth ioiinyony auieaou, i?aaeoniio?aiiua caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii
i o?oaea ca iaio?aaioaiiia ii oaaaeeoaeueiui i?e/eiai a?aiy: iieaoa
i/a?aaeiuo e aeiiieieoaeueiuo ioioneia e o.i. (i?eieiaaony a ?acia?a 20%
io noiiu iniiaiie ca?aaioiie ieaou):

168260*0.2=33652 ?oa.

2.4. ?an/?o io/eneaiee ia nioeeaeueiua ioaeaeu

Cao?aou ii yoie noaouea ii?aaeaeythony a i?ioeaioiii ioiioaiee io noiiu
iniiaiie e aeiiieieoaeueiie ca?aaioiie ieaou (40.5%):

(168260+33652)* 0.405=81774 ?oa.

2.5. ?an/?o iaeeaaeiuo ?anoiaeia

E yoie noaouea ioiinyo ?anoiaeu ii oi?aaeaieth
iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneie i?aaiecaoeeae, auiieiythuae aeaiioth
?ac?aaioeo, a oaeaea ?anoiaeu ii niaea?aeaieth e ?aiiioo caeaiee,
nii?oaeaiee, iai?oaeiaaiey, eiiioiaeueiua oneoae e o. i.

Iaeeaaeiua ?anoiaeu i?eieiathony a ?acia?a 250% io noiiu iniiaiie
ca?aaioiie ieaou.

168260*2.5=420650 ?oa.

2.6. ?an/?o aeiaiai?iie oeaiu

Eaeueeoeyoeey noieiinoe ?ac?aaioee i?eaaaeaia a oaaeeoea 5.

Iieiay naaanoieiinoue ?ac?aaioee ii?aaeaeyaony noiie?iaaieai ii.1 – 5
oaaeeoeu 5.

Iioiaay oeaia ii?aaeaeyaony neaaeothuei ia?acii:

Oeiio = naaanoieiinoue + i?eaueue.

I?eaueue ninoaaeyao 30% io naaanoieiinoe:

I?eaueue = 704732*0.3=211420 ?oa.

Oeiio = 704732 + 211420=916152 ?oa.

I?e ?an/aoa aeiaiai?iie oeaiu a iauoth noieiinoue caeeaaeuaaaony noiia
iaeiaa ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue, ?aaiiai 20% io iioiaie oeaiu.

?ac?aaioea oeiaine?oaony ainoaea?noaii, neaaeiaaoaeueii, iaeia ia
aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue i?e ?an/aoa aeiaiai?iie oeaiu ia o/eouaaaony.

Neaaeiaaoaeueii, aeiaiai?iay oeaia ?ac?aaioee ninoaaeo 916152 ?oa.

?i/i Iaeiaiiaaiea noaouee ?anoiaea Cao?aou (a ?oa.)

1. Iaoa?eaeu, iieoiiua ecaeaeey, iieooaa?eeaou 396

2. Iniiaiay ca?aaioiay ieaoa 168260

3. Aeiiieieoaeueiay ca?aaioiay ieaoa 33652

4. Io/eneaiey ia nioeeaeueiua ioaeaeu 81774

5. Iaeeaaeiua ?anoiaeu 420650

6. Iieiay naaanoieiinoue 704732

7. I?eaueue 211420

8. Iioiaay oeaia 916152

9. IAeN ——-

10. Aeiaiai?iay oeaia 916152

3. Yeiiiie/aneay yooaeoeaiinoue ?ac?aaioee

Iniiaiay caaea/a, iinoaaeaiiay ia?aae ?ac?aaio/eeii – yoi nicaeaiea
i?ia?aiiiiai iaania/aiey (II) aeey aaoiiaoece?iaaiiiai ?aai/aai ianoa
?aaeno?aoeee e aeieoiaioe?iaaiey eiiieaena n?aaenoa aaoiiaoecaoeee.
?ac?aaioea ia eiaea ?aiaa iiaeiaiuo aiaeiaia e yaeyaony
niaoeeaeece?iaaiiui II, eioi?ia iaania/eaaao neaaeothuea ooieoeee:

iieo/aiea e ?aaeno?aoeeth aeaiiuo i ninoiyiee iauaeoa oi?aaeaiey;

iicaieyao /aeiaaeo i?iecaiaeeoue aiaeec iieo/aiiuo aeaiiuo e ia
iniiaaiee eo iia?aoeaii ?aaae?iaaoue ia eciaiaiey, aicieeathuea a
nenoaia;

iiauoaao yooaeoeaiinoue ?aaiou iia?aoi?a ca n/ao iaaeyaeiiai
i?aaenoaaeaiey aeaiiuo ia ye?aia iiieoi?a e oai naiui nie?auaao ?aaioo
iia?aoi?a n aoiaaaie (eino?oeoeeyie).

4. Iniiaiua ?acaeaeu oicyenoaaiiiai aeiaiai?a

Iineaaeiei ?acaeaeii oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneiai iainiiaaiey ii oaia:
“Aecian-ieai ?ac?aaioee” yaeyaony oi?ie?iaaiea iniiaiuo ?acaeaeia
oicyenoaaiiiai aeiaiai?a.

Oicyenoaaiiue aeiaiai? – yoi aeaonoi?iiiaa niaeaoaiea, caeeth/aaiia
th?eaee/aneeie eeoeaie (eniieieoaeai e caeac/eeii) aeey aeinoeaeaiey
eaeie-eeai oeaee.

A aeaiiii neo/aa caeeth/aiea oicyenoaaiiiai aeiaiai?a i?aneaaeoao naiae
oeaeueth nicaeaiea i?ia?aii, iicaieythueo iia?aoi?o A?I ?Ae iia?aoeaii
iieo/aoue eioi?iaoeeth i ninoiyiee nenoaiu, auno?i ?aaae?iaaoue ia
eciaiaiey, i?ienoiaeyuea a nenoaia, ?acei nie?aoeoue ?aaioo n aoiaaaie
(eino?oeoeeyie).

Iniiaiua ?acaeaeu oicyenoaaiiiai aeiaiai?a:

I?aaeiao aeiaiai?a.

A yoii ioieoa iaiaa?eaaaony i?aaeiao aeiaiai?a e n?iee i?iaaaeaiey
?aaio.

Noieiinoue ?aaio , ii?yaeie e oneiaey ieaoaaeae e ?an/aoia.

A aeaiiii ioieoa iaiaa?eaaaony noieiinoue ?ac?aaioee, eaeei ia?acii
i?iecaiaeeony iieaoa e i?aaeoniao?eaathony aeaenoaey iaaeo noi?ii a oii
neo/aa, anee oneiaey ii iieaoa ?ac?aaioee ia auiieiythony.

Iiaeaioiaea ?aaio.

A yoii ioieoa oicyenoaaiiiai aeiaiai?a iaiaa?eaathony oneiaey, eioi?ua
iaycoaony iaania/eoue caeac/ee aeey eniieieoaey ?aaio. Yoi iiaeao auoue
i?aaeinoaaeaiiay aiia?aoo?a, i?ia?aiiiia iaania/aiea, iiiauaiea e o. i.

Ii?yaeie e n?iee naea/e e i?eaiee ?aaio.

Ii?aaeaeyao a?aiaiiua ?aiee aeaenoaey aeaiiiai aeiaiai?a, a oaeaea
ii?yaeie e n?iee naea/e ?aaio.

Iniaua oneiaey.

A yoii ioieoa iaiaa?eaaaony, eae i?iecaiaeyony eciaiaiey e aeiiieiaiey e
ianoiyuaio aeiaiai?o e eo niaeaniaaiea noi?iiaie.

TH?eaee/aneea aae?ana e ?aeaeceou noi?ii.

Aeaiiue ioieo aeeth/aao th?eaee/aneea aae?ana noi?ii, a oaeaea eo
aaieianeea ?aeaeceou.

Oneiaey oicyenoaaiiiai aeiaiai?a (ii. 1-5) i?aaeaa?eoaeueii
iaiaa?eaathony iaaeie noi?iiaie e a neo/aa, anee ana oneiaey
oicyenoaaiiiai aeiaiai?a oaeiaeaoai?ytho o?aaiaaieyi eniieieoaey e
caeac/eea, oi ?oeiaiaeyuea eeoea iaaeo noi?ii iiaeienuaatho aeiaiai? e
ne?aieytho aai ia/aoyie.

Caeeth/aiea

A aeaiiii ?acaeaea aeeieiiiiai i?iaeoa auei i?aaenoaaeaii
oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneia iainiiaaiea (OYI) ii oaia: “Aecian-ieai
?ac?aaioee”.

A OYI auee ?anniio?aiu neaaeothuea aii?inu:

Ieaie?iaaiea ?ac?aaioee n iino?iaieai naoaaiai a?aoeea;

?an/ao noieiinoe ?ac?aaioee;

Yeiiiie/aneay yooaeoeaiinoue ?ac?aaioee;

Ninoaa e iacia/aiea iniiaiuo ?acaeaeia oicyenoaaiiiai aeiaiai?a.

A ia?aie /anoe OYI ?ann/eoaiu ia?aiao?u naoaaiai a?aoeea ?aaio ii
nicaeaieth i?ia?aiiiiai iaania/aiey A?I ?Ae e ii yoei ia?aiao?ai
iino?iai naoaaie a?aoee ?aaio. ?an/ao ia?aiao?ia naoe aue auiieiai
oaaee/iui iaoiaeii, iaeaeaiu n?iee naa?oaiey niauoee, ?aca?au a?aiaie,
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue e?eoe/aneiai iooe.

A?aiy ?ac?aaioee eiiieaena i?ia?aii A?I ?Ae ninoaaeo 624 aeiy
(i?eaeeceoaeueii 2.6 aiaea).

Ai aoi?ie /anoe OYI ?ann/eoaia noieiinoue ?ac?aaioee i?ia?aiiiiai
iaania/aiey A?I ?Ae n iiiaioa iieo/aiey ia?aiai aa?eaioa oaoie/aneiai
caaeaiey e caeai/eaay ioi?ieaieai aeieoiaioaoeee e naea/ae ?ac?aaioee.

Aaee/eia cao?ao ia iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneea ?aaiou ii?aaeaeaia ia
iniiaa iaoiaea eaeueeoeyoeee. ?an/ao i?iecaaaeai a oeaiao 1998a.
Noieiinoue ?ac?aaioee ninoaaeo 916 152 ?oa.

A o?aoueae /anoe OYI i?eaaaeaia yeiiiie/aneay yooaeoeaiinoue ?ac?aaioee,
a a caeeth/eoaeueiie /anoe noi?ioee?iaaiu iniiaiua ioieou oicyenoaaiiiai
aeiaiai?a, caeeth/aaiiai iaaeaeo aeaoiy noi?iiaie – caeac/eeii e
eniieieoaeai, a oaeaea iacia/aiea ioieoia oicyenoaaiiiai aeiaiai?a e
ii?yaeie eo niaeaniaaiey e ooaa?aeaeaiey.

Io?aia o?oaea e oaoieea aaciianiinoe

Aaaaeaiea

Io?aia o?oaea – nenoaia caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeoia, iinoaiiaeaiee,
i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo, naieoa?iuo e oaoie/aneeo ia?, iaania/eaathueo
aaciianiua aeey caei?iauey oneiaey o?oaea ia ?aai/ai ianoa.
Iao/ii-oaoie/aneee i?ia?ann ai?n eciaiaiey a oneiaey i?iecaiaenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe ?aaioieeia oinoaaiiiai o?oaea. Eo o?oae noae aieaa
eioaineaiui, iai?yae?iiui, o?aaothuei cao?ao oinoaaiiie, yiioeeiiaeueiie
e oece/aneie yia?aee. Yoi eiaao i?yiia ioiioaiea e e niaoeeaeenoai,
naycaiiui n i?iaeoe?iaaieai, ?ac?aaioeie, yenieoaoaoeeae,
nii?iaiaeaeaieai e iiaea?iecaoeeae aaoiiaoece?iaaiiuo nenoai oi?aaeaiey
?acee/iiai iacia/aiey.

Ia ?aai/ai ianoa eiaeaia?a-i?ia?aiienoa aeieaeiu auoue nicaeaiu oneiaey
aeey aunieii?iecaiaeeoaeueiiai o?oaea. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy an? aieueoaa
i?eiaiaiea iaoiaeyo aaoiiaoece?iaaiiua ?aai/ea ianoa, eioi?ua
iniauathony ia?niiaeueiuie YAI n a?aoe/aneeie aeenieayie, eeaaeaoo?aie e
i?eioa?aie.

A aeaiiii aeeieiiiii i?iaeoa ?ac?aaaouaathony i?ia?aiiu, ninoaaeythuea
/anoue II A?I ?aaeno?aoeee e aeieoiaioe?iaaiey aeaiiuo. Iia?aoi? A?I
?aaeno?aoeee e aeieoiaioe?iaaiey eniuouaaao cia/eoaeueioth iaa?oceo, eae
oece/aneoth (neaey/aa iieiaeaiea, iaa?ocea ia aeaca), oae e oinoaaiioth,
/oi i?eaiaeeo e nieaeaieth aai o?oaeiniiniaiinoe e eiioeo ?aai/aai aeiy.

1. Oa?aeoa?enoeea iiiauaiey e oaeoi?u, aeaenoaothuea ia iia?aoi?a a
i?ioeanna aai o?oaea

Iiiauaiea, a eioi?ii iaoiaeeony ?aai/aa ianoi iia?aoi?a, eiaao
neaaeothuea oa?aeoa?enoeee:

aeeeia iiiauaiey: 6.5 i;

oe?eia iiiauaiey: 3.7 i;

aunioa iiiauaiey: 3.5 i;

/enei ieii: 4;

/enei ?aai/eo iano: 2;

inaauaiea: anoanoaaiiia (/a?ac aieiaua ieia) e iauaa eneonnoaaiiia;

aeae auiieiyaiuo ?aaio: iai?a?uaiay ?aaioa n i?eeeaaeiie i?ia?aiiie a
aeeaeiaiaii ?aaeeia.

Iai?yaeaiea c?aiey:

inaau?iiinoue ?I, ee 300;

?acia?u iauaeoa, ii 0.3 – 0.5;

?ac?yae c?eoaeueiie ?aaiou III – IV.

Ia ?aai/ai ianoa iia?aoi? iiaeaa?aaaony aicaeaenoaeth neaaeothueo
iaaeaaii?eyoiuo oaeoi?ia:

iaaeinoaoi/iia inaauaiea;

ooi io ?aaioathueo iaoei;

yeaeo?iiaaieoiia eceo/aiea;

auaeaeaiea ecauoeia oaieiou.

Iiyoiio iaiaoiaeeii ?ac?aaioaoue n?aaenoaa caueou io yoeo a?aaeiuo
oaeoi?ia. E aeaiiui n?aaenoaai caueou ioiinyony: aaioeeyoeey,
eneonnoaaiiia inaauaiea, caoeiecieyoeey. Nouanoaotho ii?iaoeau,
ii?aaeaeythuea eiioi?oiua oneiaey e i?aaeaeueii aeiionoeiua ii?iu
caiue?iiinoe, oaiia?aoo?u aicaeooa, ooia, inaau?iiinoe. A nenoaia ia?,
iaania/eaathueo aeaaii?eyoiua oneiaey o?oaea, aieueoia ianoi ioaiaeeony
ynoaoe/aneei oaeoi?ai: ioi?ieaiea i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai eioa?uea?a,
iai?oaeiaaiey, i?eiaiaiea ooieoeeiiaeueiie iocuee e ae?., eioi?ua
ieacuaatho ii?aaeae?iiia aicaeaenoaea ia i?aaieci /aeiaaea. Aaaeioth
?ieue ea?aao ie?anea iiiauaiee, eioi?ay aeieaeia auoue naaoeie. A
aeaiiii ?acaeaea aeeieiiiiai i?iaeoa ?ann/eouaaaony iaiaoiaeeiay
inaau?iiinoue ?aai/aai ianoa e eioi?iaoeeiiiay iaa?ocea iia?aoi?a.

?acaeoeth ooiieyaiinoe ia i?iecaiaenoaa niinianoaotho neaaeothuea
oaeoi?u:

iai?aaeeueiay y?aiiiie/aneay i?aaiecaoeey ?aai/aai ianoa,
ia?aoeeiiaeueiua ciiu ?aciauaiey iai?oaeiaaiey ii aunioa io iiea, ii
o?iioo io ine neiiao?ee e o.ae.;

oa?aeoa? i?ioaeaiey o?oaea. O?oaeiaie i?ioeann i?aaieciaai oaeei
ia?acii, /oi iia?aoi? auioaeaeai n ia?auo ieioo ?aai/aai aeiy ?aoaoue
iaeaieaa neiaeiua e o?oaei?ieea caaea/e, a oi a?aiy eae a ia?aua ieioou
?aaiou ooieoeeiiaeueiay iiaeaeaeiinoue ia?aiuo eeaoie iicaa iecea.
Aaaeiia cia/aiea eiaao /a?aaeiaaiea o?oaea e ioaeuoa, niaia iaeieo oi?i
?aaiou ae?oaeie.

2. ?an/?o inaauaiey ?aai/aai ianoa iia?aoi?a

Iaeiei ec iniiaiuo aii?inia io?aiu o?oaea yaeyaony i?aaiecaoeey
?aoeeiiaeueiiai inaauaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiiauaiee e ?aai/eo iano.

Aeey inaauaiey iiiauaiey, a eioi?ii ?aaioaao iia?aoi?, eniieuecoaony
niaoaiiia inaauaiea, o.a. ni/aoaiea anoanoaaiiiai e eneonnoaaiiiai
inaauaiey.

Anoanoaaiiia inaauaiea – inouanoaeyaony /a?ac ieia a ia?oaeiuo noaiao
caeaiey.

Eneonnoaaiiia inaauaiea – eniieuecoaony i?e iaaeinoaoi/iii anoanoaaiiii
inaauaiee e inouanoaeyaony n iiiiuueth aeaoo nenoai: iauaai e ianoiiai
inaauaiey. Iauei iacuaatho inaauaiea, naaoeeueieee eioi?iai inaauatho
anth ieiuaaeue iiiauaiey. Ianoiui iacuaatho inaauaiea, i?aaeiacia/aiiia
aeey ii?aaeae?iiiai ?aai/aai ianoa.

Aeey iiiauaiey, aaea iaoiaeeony ?aai/aa ianoi iia?aoi?a, eniieuecoaony
nenoaia iauaai inaauaiey.

Ii?iaie aeey aeaiiuo ?aaio onoaiiaeaia iaiaoiaeeiay inaau?iiinoue
?aai/aai ianoa AI=300 ee (aeey ?aaio aunieie oi/iinoe, eiaaea
iaeiaiueoee ?acia? iauaeoa ?acee/aiey ?aaai 0.3 – 0.5 ii).

?an/?o nenoaiu inaauaiey i?iecaiaeeony iaoiaeii eiyooeoeeaioa
eniieueciaaiey naaoiaiai iioiea, eioi?ue au?aaeaaony ioiioaieai
naaoiaiai iioiea, iaaeathuaai ia ?an/?oioth iiaa?oiinoue, e noiia?iiio
iioieo anao eaii. Aai aaee/eia caaeneo io oa?aeoa?enoee naaoeeueieea,
?acia?ia iiiauaiey, ie?anee noai e iioieea, oa?aeoa?ecoaiie
eiyooeoeeaioaie io?aaeaiey noai e iioieea.

Iauee naaoiaie iioie ii?aaeaeyaony ii oi?ioea:

aaea AI – iaiaoiaeeiay inaau?iiinoue ?aai/aai ianoa ii ii?ia (AI=300
ee);

S – ieiuaaeue iiiauaiey, i2;

z1 – eiyooeoeeaio caiana, eioi?ue o/eouaaao eciin e caa?yciaiea
naaoeeueieeia (z1=1.5, oaae. VII-5, [15]);

z2 – eiyooeoeeaio, o/eouaathuee ia?aaiiia?iinoue inaauaiey (z2=1.1, no?.
139 [15]);

( – eiyooeoeeaio eniieueciaaiey naaoiaiai iioiea auae?aaony ec oaaeeoe a
caaeneiinoe io oeia naaoeeueieea, ?acia?ia iiiauaiey, eiyooeoeeaioia
io?aaeaiey noai e iioieea iiiauaiey.

Ii?aaeaeei ieiuaaeue iiiauaiey, anee aai aeeeia ninoaaeyao Lae=6.5 i, a
oe?eia Lo=3.7 i:

=6.5(3.7=24 i2

Auaa?ai ec oaaeeoeu eiyooeoeeaio eniieueciaaiey naaoiaiai iioiea ii
neaaeothuei aeaiiui:

eiyooeoeeaio io?aaeaiey iiaae?iiiai iioieea Ri=70%;

eiyooeoeeaio io?aaeaiey io noai, ie?aoaiiuo a naaoeoth e?aneo Rno=50%;

=0.7,

aaea hI – aunioa iiiauaiey = 3.5 i. Oiaaea ii oaae. 7 [16] iaoiaeei
(aeey ethieianoeaioiuo eaii i=0.7) (=0.38.

Ii?aaeaeyai iauee naaoiaie iioie:

Iaeaieaa i?eaieaiuie aeey iiiauaiey AOe yaeythony ethieianoeaioiua eaiiu
EA (aaeiai naaoa) eee EOA (o?iei-aaeiai naaoa), iiuiinoueth 20, 40 eee
80 Ao.

Naaoiaie iioie iaeiie eaiiu EOA40 ninoaaeyao F1=3100 ei,
neaaeiaaoaeueii, aeey iieo/aiey naaoiaiai iioiea Fiau=31263.2 ei
iaiaoiaeeii N eaii, /enei eioi?uo iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue ii oi?ioea

Iiaenoaaei cia/aiey, iieo/aiiua auoa:

eaii.

Oaeei ia?acii, iaiaoiaeeii onoaiiaeoue 10 eaii EOA40.

Yeaeo?e/aneay iiuiinoue anae inaaoeoaeueiie nenoaiu au/eneyaony ii
oi?ioea:

, Ao,

aaea P1 – iiuiinoue iaeiie eaiiu = 40 Ao, N – /enei eaii = 10.

Ao.

Aeey eneeth/aiey canaaoee ye?aiia aeenieaaa i?yiuie naaoiauie iioieaie
naaoeeueieee iauaai inaauaiey ?aniieaaatho naieo io ?aai/aai ianoa,
ia?aeeaeueii eeiee c?aiey iia?aoi?a e noaia n ieiaie. Oaeia ?aciauaiea
naaoeeueieeia iicaieyao i?iecaiaeeoue eo iineaaeiaaoaeueiia aeeth/aiea a
caaeneiinoe io aaee/eiu anoanoaaiiie inaau?iiinoe e eneeth/aao
?acae?aaeaiea aeac /a?aaeothueieny iieinaie naaoa e oaie, aicieeathuaa
i?e iiia?a/iii ?aniieiaeaiee naaoeeueieeia [17].

?an/?o ianoiiai naaoiaiai iioiea ia i?iecaiaeeony, o.e. a aeaiiii neo/aa
?aeiiaiaeoaony nenoaia iauaai inaauaiey ai ecaaaeaiea io?aae?iiie
ae?noeinoe io iiaa?oiinoe noiea e ye?aia iiieoi?a.

Eiyooeoeeaio ioeuenaoeee inaau?iiinoe:

aaea Emax, Emin e En? iieacaoaee inaau?iiinoe aeey aaci?ac?yaeiuo eaii
i?e ieoaiee eo ia?aiaiiui oieii – niioaaononaaiii iaeneiaeueiay,
ieieiaeueiay e n?aaeiyy.

Aicuei?i ii aiaeiaee [16], oaae. 4 ethieianoeaioioth eaiio EOA
i?eaeeceoaeueii oie aea iiuiinoe. Aeeth/aieai niaaeiuo eaii a ?aciua
oacu (a?oiiu) o??ooaciie yeaeo?e/aneie naoe aiciiaeii aeiaeoueny
oiaiueoaiey eiyooeoeeaioa ioeuenaoeee EI n 35 aei 3 – o.a. ii/oe a 12
?ac (?en. 1). Ia ?en. 1 oeacaiu o?e aueeth/aoaey (ii iaeiiio ia
eaaeaeoth oaco – a?oiio eaii) – yoi iaiaoiaeeii aeey iaania/aiey
aiciiaeiinoe iacaaeneiiai oi?aaeaiey a?oiiaie eaii.

Eoae, aeey iaania/aiey ii?iaeueiuo oneiaee ?aaiou i?ia?aiienoa, a
niioaaonoaee n ii?iaoeaiuie o?aaiaaieyie, iaiaoiaeeii eniieueciaaoue
aeaiiia /enei naaoeeueieeia oeacaiiie iiuiinoe aeey inaauaiey ?aai/aai
iiiauaiey.

3. ?an/?o eioi?iaoeeiiiie iaa?ocee

?an/?o eioi?iaoeeiiiie iaa?ocee iia?aoi?a iaiaoiaeei aeey oiai, /oiau
auynieoue, aoaeao ee iia?aoi? ni?aaeyoueny n caaeaieai.

?ann/eoaai eioi?iaoeeiiioth iaa?oceo iia?aoi?a. Ainiieuecoainy oaae. 4
[18].

Eiee/anoai iia?aoeee, niaa?oaaiuo iia?aoi?ii ca 3 /ana (oaae.1):

*eaiu aeai?eoia Neiaie Eiee/anoai /eaiia *anoioa iiaoi?aiey pi

Aooa?aioiua:

Iaaethaeaiea ?acoeueoaoia F 10 1

Anaai:

Yooa?aioiua:

Auai? iaeeo/oaai aa?eaioa ec ianeieueeeo C 3 0,04

Eni?aaeaiea ioeaie D 1 0,01

Aiaeec iieo/aiiuo ?acoeueoaoia M 40 0,54

Auiieiaiea iaoaie/aneeo aeaenoaee K 30 0,41

Anaai:

Eoiai:

?ann/eoaai yio?iieth eioi?iaoeee:

Noiia?iay yio?iiey:

aeo/n.

, aaea:

N – noiia?iia /enei anao /eaiia aeai?eoia;

t – aeeeoaeueiinoue auiieiaiey anae ?aaiou, iei.

. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, eioi?iaoeeiiiay iaa?ocea iia?aoi?a oeeaaeuaaaony a
ii?io [19], oaae. 13.2.

Auaiaeu

A aeaiiii ?acaeaea aeeieiiiiai i?iaeoa aue i?iecaaae?i ?an/?o
inaau?iiinoe ?aai/aai ianoa (n auai?ii oeia eaii e eo eiee/anoaa), a
oaeaea ioeaiea eioi?iaoeeiiiie iaa?ocee.

E?iia oiai, iaiaoiaeeii a oa/aiea 8-ie /aniaiai ?aai/aai aeiy
i?aaeoniio?aoue iaeei /aniaie ia?a?ua ia iaaae, 5-oe ieiooiua ia?a?uau
eaaeaeua iie/ana e 15-oe ieiooiua ia?a?uau eaaeaeua 1.5 – 2 /ana. ?aaioo
iaiaoiaeeii i?aaieciaaoue oaeei ia?acii, /oiau iaeaieaa neiaeiua caaea/e
?aoaeenue n 11:00 aei 16:00 – a ia?eiae iaeaieueoae aeoeaiinoe /aeiaaea,
a ia a ia/aea aeiy, eiaaea iia?aoi? au? ia aeinoea iaeneiaeueiie
aeoeaiinoe, e ia a eiioea aeiy, eiaaea oaea ?acaeaaaony ooiieaiea.

Oae eae ?aaioa iia?aoi?a ia naycaia n ?aoaieai e?oiiuo eiae/aneeo caaea/
e aeinoaoi/ii iaeiiia?acia, oi ?aeiiaiaeoaony ii-aiciiaeiinoe
/a?aaeiaaoue aeaeu aeayoaeueiinoe. I?eia? /a?aaeiaaiey aeaeia ?aaio e a?
eioaineaiinoe i?eaaae?i a a?aoeea o?oaea e ioaeuoa (oaae.2).

A?aiy Aeae ?aaiou e a? eioaineaiinoue

9:00 Ia/aei ?aaiou

9:00 – 9:30 Aoiae a nenoaio, ?aoaiea iaueo i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo caaea/

9:30 – 9:35 5-oe ieiooiue ia?a?ua

9:35 – 10:10 ?aoaiea ianeiaeiuo caaea/, oi?ie?iaaiea cai?inia e nenoaia

10:10 – 10:15 5-oe ieiooiue ia?a?ua

10:15 – 10:45 ?aoaiea ianeiaeiuo caaea/, eco/aiea eeoa?aoo?u

10:45 – 11:00 15-oe ieiooiue ia?a?ua

11:00 – 11:55 ?aoaiea eiae/aneeo, iaeaieaa o?oaei?ieeo caaea/

11:55 – 12:00 5-oe ieiooiue ia?a?ua

12:00 – 13:00 ?aoaiea iaeaieaa neiaeiuo e o?oaei?ieeo caaea/, o?aaothueo
iaeneiaeueiiai oinoaaiiiai iai?yaeaiey

13:00 – 14:00 Ia?a?ua ia iaaae

14:00 – 14:40 Iaaethaeaiea iieo/aiiuo ?acoeueoaoia, eni?aaeaiea ioeaie

14:40 – 14:45 5-oe ieiooiue ia?a?ua

14:45 – 15:10 Auiieiaiea iaoaie/aneeo aeaenoaee, aiaeec ?acoeueoaoia,
eni?aaeaiea ioeaie

15:10 – 15:30 20-oe ieiooiue ia?a?ua

15:30 – 16:10 Aiaeec ?acoeueoaoia, eni?aaeaiea ioeaie

16:10 – 16:15 5-oe ieiooiue ia?a?ua

16:15 – 17:10 Auiieiaiea iaoaie/aneeo aeaenoaee, ioi?ieaiea io/?oia,
iiaeaaaeaiea ?acoeueoaoia

17:10 – 17:15 5-oe ieiooiue ia?a?ua

17:15 – 18:00 Auoiae ec nenoaiu, iiaeaioiaea e neaaeothuaio ?aai/aio
aeith (ieai ?aaio e o.ae.)

18:00 Eiiaoe ?aaiou

A?aaeaeaineay iai?iia

Aaaaeaiea

A nia?aiaiiuo ai?iaeao ec-ca aunieie ieioiinoe cano?ieee
aaeieieno?aoeaiia caeaiea n ?aniieiaeaiiui a iai au/eneeoaeueiui
oeaio?ii iiaeao ieacaoueny aaeece iaeiiai ec iianiuo i?iiuoeaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoee, oaeeo eae:

iaooaia?a?aaaouaathuee caaiae;

aaciia?aea/eaathuay noaioeey;

OYOe;

?aciiai ?iaea oeie/aneea caaiaeu;

i?aaei?eyoey ii ?aaioa n ?aaeeiaeoeaiuie iaoa?eaeaie.

Ana yoe iauaeou yaeythony enoi/ieeaie iiauoaiiie iianiinoe aeey aeecei
?aniieiaeaiiuo iino?iae. Iianiuie iiaoo auoue neaaeothuea oaeoi?u:

ooa/ea NAessA;

ooa/ea ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo aauanoa;

iianiinoue ac?uaa e iiaea?a eaaei ainieaiaiythueony aauanoa.

?anniao?eaaaony neaaeothuay neooaoeey: iiaeecinoe io aaeieieno?aoeaiiai
caeaiey ?aniieiaeaii o?aieeeua naeeaeaiiiai aaca aieueoie aieinoe. A
?acoeueoaoa ia?ooaiey oeaeinoiinoe eiioaeia?a ni naeeaeaiiui aacii e aai
ooa/ee i?ienoiaeeo ac?ua. I?e yoii aiciiaeiu ?ac?ooaiey caeaiey
aneaaenoaea ii?aaeaiey aai oaea?iie aieiie e ?acaeoea iiaea?iie
ianoaiiaee.

Aeaiiay neooaoeey iiaeao aicieeiooue a neo/aa noeoeeiuo aaaenoaee,
oaoiiaaiiuo oaeoi?ia, oa??i?enoe/aneeo aeoia, ia?ooaiey i?aaee o?aiaiey,
a oaeaea iainoi?iaeiinoe ?aai/aai ia?niiaea.

A i?aaenoaaeaiiii ?acaeaea aeeieiiiiai i?iaeoa i?iecaiaeeony ioeaiea
iineaaenoaee ac?uaa e ii?aaeaeythony ia?u caueou iia?aoi?a e aiia?aoo?u
IYAI io aicaeaenoaey aunieeo oaiia?aoo? a neo/aa ?acaeoey iiaea?iie
ianoaiiaee.

1. Oai?aoe/aneay /anoue

Enoi/ieeii ac?uaa yaeyaony o?aieeeua naeeaeaiiiai i?iiaia. I?e ia?ooaiee
aieinoe ni naeeaeaiiui i?iiaiii, o?aiyueiny iiae aunieei aeaaeaieai,
i?ienoiaeeo aai aneeiaiea n auno?ui enia?aieai, aua?in a aoiinoa?o e
ia?aciaaiea iaeaea aaciia?iaicaeooiie niane. Eiaaea iauaiiay
eiioeaio?aoeey i?iiaia i?aauoaao 7-9%, iiaeao i?iecieoe ac?ua.

Aeey ii?aaeaeaiey iineaaenoaee ac?uaa aaciia?iaicaeooiie niane (AIAN)
iaiaoiaeeii ioeaieoue oece/aneoth onoie/eainoue iauaeoa e ii?aaeathuei
oaeoi?ai ac?uaa AIAN. A ?anniao?eaaaiie neooaoeee ii?aaeathueie
oaeoi?aie yaeythony oaea?iay aieia e aiciiaeiinoue ?acaeoey iiaea?iie
ianoaiiaee ia iauaeoa.

1.1. Ioeaiea aicaeaenoaey oaea?iie aieiu ia iauaeo

1.1.1. Oa?aeoa?enoeee oaea?iie aieiu

Oaea?iay aieia – yoi iaeanoue ?aceiai naeaoey n?aaeu, eioi?ay a aeaea
noa?e/aneiai neiy ?ani?ino?aiyaony io ianoa ac?uaa ai ana noi?iiu ni
naa?ocaoeiaie nei?inoueth.

(?en.1), aaea:

– ?aaeeon ciiu aeaoiiaoeeiiiie aieiu;

– ?aaeeon ciiu ii?aaeaiey i?iaeoeoaie ac?uaa;

– ciia aeaenoaey aicaeooiie oaea?iie aieiu.

Aeey eaaeaeie ec yoeo cii n/eoatho ecauoi/iia aeaaeaiea, ii eioi?iio
ii?aaeaeytho iineaaenoaey ac?uaa.

– eiee/anoai naeeaeaiiiai aaca, o.

=1700eIa.

eciaiyaony io 1650 aei 300eIa.

– ?annoiyiea io oeaio?a ac?uaa aei ianoa ?aniieiaeaiey iauaeoa.

1.1.2. Ii?aaeathuea oaeoi?u oaea?iie aieiu

Ii?aaeaiea oaea?iie aieiie aicieeaao a ?acoeueoaoa aicaeaenoaey
ecauoi/iiai aeaaeaiey e nei?inoiiai iaii?a aicaeooa e i?eaiaeeo e
?ac?ooaieth caeaiee e ii?aaeaieyi ethaeae (iaiin?aaenoaaiiui, anee
/aeiaae iaoiaeeony ia ioe?uoii i?ino?ainoaa, eee einaaiiui, a
?acoeueoaoa oaea?ia iaeiieaie ?ac?ooaiiuo caeaiee e nii?oaeaiee).

I?eiaieoaeueii e a?aaeaeaineei e i?iiuoeaiiui caeaieyi noaiaie
?ac?ooaiey oa?aeoa?ecothony neaaeothuei ninoiyieai eiino?oeoeee:

Ceaaia ?ac?ooaiea: ?ac?ooathony ieiiiua e aeaa?iua caiieiaiey, eaaeea
ia?aai?iaeee, /anoe/ii e?iaey, aiciiaeiu o?aueiu a noaiao aa?oieo
yoaaeae. Caeaiea iiaeao yenieoaoe?iaaoueny iinea i?iaaaeaiey oaeouaai
?aiiioa.

N?aaeiaa ?ac?ooaiea: ?ac?ooaiea e?uo, aioo?aiieo ia?aai?iaeie, ieii,
ia?ooaiea ioaeaeueiuo o/anoeia /a?aea/iuo ia?ae?uoee. Aeey
ainnoaiiaeaiey caeaiey iaiaoiaeei eaieoaeueiue ?aiiio.

Neeueiia ?ac?ooaiea: oa?aeoa?ecoaony ?ac?ooaieai ianoueo eiino?oeoeee e
ia?ae?uoee aa?oieo yoaaeae, ia?aciaaieai o?auei a noaiao e aeaoi?iaoeeae
ia?ae?uoee ieaeieo yoaaeae. Eniieueciaaiea iiiauaiee noaiiaeony
iaaiciiaeiui, a ?aiiio iaoeaeaniia?aciui.

Iieiia ?ac?ooaiea: ?ac?ooathony ana iniiaiua yeaiaiou caeaiey, aeeth/ay
ianouea eiino?oeoeee. Eniieueciaaoue caeaiey iaaiciiaeii.

Noaiaiue ?ac?ooaiey caeaiee caaeneo io onoie/eainoe eiino?oeoeee caeaiee
e aicaeaenoaeth ecauoi/iiai aeaaeaiey ai o?iioa oaea?iie aieiu.

1.2. Ioeaiea iiaea?iie ianoaiiaee

A caaeneiinoe io iiuiinoe ac?uaa e aucaaiiuo ei ?ac?ooaiee a
aaeieieno?aoeaiii caeaiee iiaeao ?acaeoueny iiaea?iay ianoaiiaea.
Aa?iyoiinoue aicieeiiaaiey e ?ani?ino?aiaiey iiaea?ia caaeneo io:

noaiaie iaianoieeinoe caeaiee e nii?oaeaiee;

eaoaai?ee iiaea?iiianiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa;

?annoiyiey iaaeaeo caeaieyie e nii?oaeaieyie;

iiaiaeiuo oneiaee.

1.2.1. Aeeyiea noaiaie iaianoieeinoe caeaiee e nii?oaeaiee ia ?acaeoea
iiaea?iie ianoaiiaee

Noaiaiue iaianoieeinoe caeaiee e nii?oaeaiee caaeneo io nii?ioeaeyaiinoe
iaoa?eaeia caeaiee e iaith. Ii iaianoieeinoe caeaiey e nii?oaeaiey
aeaeyony ia iyoue eaoaai?ee. I – iniiaiua yeaiaiou auiieiaiu ec
ianai?aaiuo iaoa?eaeia, a ianouea eiino?oeoeee iaeaaeatho iiauoaiiie
nii?ioeaeyaiinoueth e aicaeaenoaeth iaiy; II – iniiaiua yeaiaiou
auiieiaiu ec ianai?aaiuo iaoa?eaeia; III – n eaiaiiuie noaiaie e
aea?aayiiuie ioooeaoo?aiiuie ia?aai?iaeeaie e ia?ae?uoeyie; IV –
ioooeaoo?aiiua aea?aayiiua caeaiey; V – aea?aayiiua iaioooeaoo?aiiua
no?iaiey. I?eaioe?iai/iia a?aiy ?acaeoey iiaea?a aei iieiiai ioaaoa
caeaiey iaiai: aeey caeaiee e nii?oaeaiee I e II noaiaie – ia aieaa 2/,
caeaiee e nii?oaeaiee III noaiaie – ia aieaa 1.5/, aeey caeaiee e
nii?oaeaiee IV e V noaiaiae – ia aieaa 1/.

Ia ?acaeoea iiaea?a a caeaiee aeeyao oaeaea noaiaiue ?ac?ooaiey caeaiey
oaea?iie aieiie. Ioaeaeueiua e nieioiua iiaea?u aiciiaeiu oieueei ia oao
i?aaei?eyoeyo, eioi?ua iieo/eee a iniiaiii neaaua e n?aaeiea ?ac?ooaiey,
i?e neeueiuo e iieiuo ?ac?ooaieyo aiciiaeiu oieueei oeaiey e ai?aiey a
caaaeao.

1.2.2. Aeeyiea eaoaai?ee iiaea?iiianiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa ia ?acaeoea
iiaea?iie ianoaiiaee

Ii iiaea?iie iianiinoe iauaeou a niioaaonoaee n oa?aeoa?ii
oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna iiae?acaeaeytho ia iyoue eaoaai?ee: A, A, A,
A, Ae. Iauaeou eaoaai?ee A – A naycaiu n iaooaia?a?aaaouaathuei,
oeie/aneei, noiey?iui, oaenoeeueiui e iiaeiaiiai ?iaea i?iecaiaenoaii.
Iauaeou eaoaai?ee Ae naycaiu n o?aiaieai e ia?a?aaioeie iaai?th/eo
iaoa?eaeia. Iaeaieaa iiaea?iiianiu ia?aua aeaa eaoaai?ee.

1.2.3. Aeeyiea ?annoiyiee iaaeaeo caeaieyie ia ?ani?ino?aiaiea iiaea?ia

?ani?ino?aiaiea iiaea?ia ii?aaeaeyaony ieioiinoueth cano?ieee
oa??eoi?ee. Aeey caeaiee I e II noaiaiae iaianoieeinoe ieioiinoue
cano?ieee aeieaeia auoue aieaa 30%, aeey caeaiee III noaiaie – aieaa
20%, aeey caeaiee IV e V noaiaiae – aieaa 10%.

1.2.4. Aeeyiea iiaiaeiuo oneiaee ia ?ani?ino?aiaiea iiaea?ia

Nei?inoue aao?a oaeaea aeeyao ia nei?inoue ?ani?ino?aiaiey iiaea?a. I?e
oeacaiiuo a i.2.2.3. ni/aoaieyo nei?inoue ?ani?ino?aiaiey iaiy i?e
nei?inoe aao?a 3-5 i/n aoaeao ninoaaeyoue: i?e cano?ieea II e III
noaiaie iaianoieeinoe 60-120 i//, IV e V noaiaie – 120-300 i//.

1.2.5. Ioeaiea aicaeaenoaey oaieiaiai eiioeuena iaiaiiiai oa?a ia
iiaea?ioth ianoaiiaeo

– iieiaeia iannu naeeaeaiiiai oiieeaa, o.

ii?aaeaeythony ii oi?ioeai:

Eiioeuen oaieiaiai iioiea eceo/aiey ii?aaeaeyaony ii oi?ioea:

, eAeae/i2.

Ainieaiaiaiea ?acee/iiai ?iaea iaoa?eaeia caaeneo io aaee/eiu oaieiaiai
eiioeuena, a i?aaeaeueiay aaee/eia eiioeuena oaieiaiai iioiea aeey eiaee
/aeiaaea ninoaaeyao 42 eAeae/i2.

, i.

1.2.6. Ioeaiea aicaeaenoaey aoi?e/iuo ii?aaeathueo oaeoi?ia ia
iiaea?ioth ianoaiiaeo

I?e aicieeiiaaiee iiaea?a iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue aoi?e/iua ii?aaeathuea
oaeoi?u, oaeea eae ?ac?ooaiey aacii?iaiaeia, i?iaie e i?i?uau
yeaeo?ii?iaiaeee, eaaaeae e o.i.

1.2.7. Aicaeaenoaea iiaea?a ia ethaeae e yeaiaiou iauaeoa

Ai a?aiy iiaea?a yeaiaiou iauaeoa e ethaee iiaeaa?aathony oaieiaiio
eceo/aieth. Aiciiaeiinoue aicieeiiaaiey i/aaia ainieaiaiaiey e ai?aiey
onoaiaaeeaaaony ii aeaiiui aicai?aaiinoe iaoa?eaeia. Iaeiae, iieo/aiiua
/aeiaaeii ai a?aiy iiaea?a, iiae?acaeaeythony ia /aou?a noaiaie ii
oyaeanoe ii?aaeaiey i?aaiecia e aucuaathony oaieiauie eiioeuenaie
ii?aaeaeaiiie aaee/eiu. Oae, iaeiae ia?aie noaiaie iiaoo auoue aucaaiu
oaieiaui eiioeuenii 80-160eAeae, aoi?ie noaiaie – 160-400eAeae, o?aoueae
– 400-600eAeae, /aoaa?oie – 600eAeae e auoa. Noaiaiue iieo/aiiuo iaeiaia
ii?aaeaeyaony e oa?aeoa?ii iaeaaeaeu /aeiaaea e noaiaiueth aa
aicai?aaiinoe.

1.3. Ioeaiea onoie/eainoe yeaiaioia iauaeoa

Ia iniiaaiee ?an/aoia iaiaoiaeeii ii?aaeaeeoue noaiaiue iia?aaeaeaiey
iauaeoa e auyaeoue iaiaoiaeeiua ia?u ii iiauoaieth onoie/eainoe ?aaiou
iauaeoa.

A aeaiiie ?aaioa i?eieiaaony aeiiouaiea, /oi i?e ianna aaca 100 e aieaa
oiii iineaaenoaey ac?uaa e ai?aiey n?aaieiu n iineaaenoaeyie i?eiaiaiey
yaea?iiai i?oaeey.

2. ?an/aoiay /anoue

2.1. Enoiaeiua aeaiiua

2.2. ?an/ao

2.2.1. Ioeaiea aicaeaenoaey aicaeooiie oaea?iie aieiu ia yeaiaiou
iauaeoa

, oi

eIa.

Auaiaeu:

eIa caeaiea iieo/eo neeueiua e iieiua ?ac?ooaiey, o.a. ia?ooaiea
ianoueo eiino?oeoeee e ia?ae?uoee aa?oieo yoaaeae, n ia?aciaaieai o?auei
a noaiao e aeaoi?iaoeeae ia?ae?uoee ieaeieo yoaaeae. Eniieueciaaiea
iiiauaiee noaiiaeony iaaiciiaeiui, a ?aiiio iaoeaeaniia?aciui.

Aieueoay aa?iyoiinoue oiai, /oi caeaiea aoaeao iieiinoueth ?ac?ooaii e
aaeeinoaaiiui oaeoi?ii, niya/athuei aeaenoaea aicaeooiie oaea?iie aieiu,
yaeythony aieueoea ieiiiua i?iaiu. Caeaiey n aieueoei eiee/anoaii e
aieueoie ieiuaaeueth i?iaiia aieaa onoie/eau, oae eae a ia?aoth
i/a?aaeue ?ac?ooathony caiieiaiey i?aiia, a ianouea eiino?oeoeee i?e
yoii eniuouaatho iaiueooth iaa?oceo, neaaeiaaoaeueii i?e ac?uaa AIAN
aoaeoo auaeou noaeea. I?e yoii aiciiaeiu ii?aaeaiey iia?aoi?a e oaoieee
eae ?ac?ooaiiuie ia?ae?uoeyie, oae e ineieeaie noaeea.

Oae eae ieioiinoue cano?ieee iaaaeeea (iaiueoa 50%), oi ye?aie?othuaa
aeaenoaea aeeceaaeaueo caeaiee iacia/eoaeueii e aeaaeaiea oaea?iie aieiu
ia caeaiey ia oiaiueoaaony.

2.2.2. Ioeaiea iiaea?iie ianoaiiaee

=270eAo/i2,

eAo/i2.

, eAeae/i2.

Auaiaeu:

i, oae /oi iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi caeaiea iaoiaeeony a
iaaeiionoeiie aeecinoe io o?aieeeua naeeaeaiiuo oaeaaiaei?iaeia.
Oaoieea, ?aciauaiiay a caeaiee, oaeaea iieo/eo iia?aaeaeaiey, iieaayony
ieanoianniaua /anoe. E?iia oiai, aiciiaeii aicieeiiaaiea iiaea?ia ec-ca
aoi?e/iuo ii?aaeathueo oaeoi?ia: i?iaiaa e ia?ooaiey yeaeo?ii?iaiaeee.
Oae eae i?e yoii caeaiea eiaao I – II noaiaiue iaianoieeinoe e ii
eaoaai?eyi iiaea?iiianiinoe i?iecaiaenoai ioiineony e eaoaai?ee Ae, oi
aiciiaeiu ia nieioiua iiaea?u, a oeaiea e ai?aiea a caaaeao, n o/aoii
oiai, /oi caeaiea iieo/eo neeueiua e iieiua ?ac?ooaiey.

Oae eae n?aaeiaa ?annoiyiea iaaeaeo caeaieyie 40-50i, a i?e I e II
noaiaiyo iaianoieeinoe caeaiee aeey aicieeiiaaiey nieioiuo iiaea?ia
?annoiyiea iaaeaeo caeaieyie aeieaeii auoue ia aieueoa 10-15i, oi
aa?iyoiinoue aicieeiiaaiey nieioiuo iiaea?ia iaea. Nei?inoue aao?a
oaeaea aoaeao iaei aeeyoue ia ?ani?ino?aiaiea iiaea?a, o.e. iia
iaaaeeea, a nieioiuo iiaea?ia, eae auei neacaii auoa, ia aicieeiao.

3. I?aaeeiaeaiey ii caueoa

3.1. Ioianaiea o?aieeeua ia aaciianiia ?annoiyiea io caeaiey

eIa.

eIa, neaaeoao:

, neaaeiaaoaeueii

i. – ?annoiyiea, ia eioi?ia iaiaoiaeeii ia?aianoeoue neeaae ni
naeeaeaiiuie oaeaaiaei?iaeaie io aaeieieno?aoeaiiai caeaiey, /oiau iii
iieo/eei neaaua iia?aaeaeaiey.

Caueoa iia?aoi?a:

eiiiaoo, a eioi?ie ?aniieaaaaony ?aai/aa ianoi iia?aoi?a, ia
?aeiiaiaeoaony ?aniieaaaoue a /anoe caeaiey, ia?auaiiie e o?aieeeuo,
/oiau ecaaaeaoue iia?aaeaeaiey iai?oaeiaaiey e ?aiaiee iia?aoi?a
ineieeaie noaeie e iaeiieaie iai?oaeiaaiey. Aiciiaeii oaeaea aicaaaeaiea
caueoiie noaiu eeai aie?oa o?aieeeua, eeai ia?aae aaeieieno?aoeaiui
caeaieai.

eIa.

eIa, neaaeoao:

, neaaeiaaoaeueii

i. – ?annoiyiea, ia eioi?ia iaiaoiaeeii ia?aianoeoue neeaae ni
naeeaeaiiui i?iiaiii, /oiau caeaiea ia iieo/eei iia?aaeaeaiee.

3.2. Oiaiueoaiea iannu o?aieiiai i?iiaia

A ea/anoaa aua iaeiie ia?u i?aaeinoi?iaeiinoe iiaeii oiaiueoeoue ianno
o?aieiiai i?iiaia.

eAeae/i2, eae ii?iaiaia cia/aiea /oanoaeoaeueiinoe eiaee /aeiaaea, i?e
eioi?ii ii ia iieo/aao iaeiaia.

Ninoaaei nenoaio o?aaiaiee:

. Iieo/ei o?aaiaiea:

eIa. Iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi i?e ianna aaca 12.72o caeaiea
iiaeaa?aiaony neaaui ?ac?ooaieyi, a eiioeuen oaieiaiai iioiea aoaeao
iaiianiui aeey oaoieee e caei?iauey /aeiaaea.

Caueoa iia?aoi?a:

?aeiiaiaeoaony oaeaea a aeiiieiaiea i?eiyoue ia?u i?aaeinoi?iaeiinoe ii
?aniieiaeaieth ?aai/aai ianoa iia?aoi?a, ?anniio?aiiua a i.3.1.

Iiaeii au/eneeoue ianno aaca, i?e eioi?ii ecauoi/iia aeaaeaiea ai o?iioa
oaea?iie aieiu ia ieaaeao ?ac?ooathuaai aicaeaenoaey ia caeaiea.

o. Iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi i?e aeaiiie ianna aaca o?aieeeua iiaeii
inoaaeoue ia ?annoiyiee 315i io aaeieieno?aoeaiiai caeaiey aac eaeeo au
oi ie auei iineaaenoaee.

A ethaii neo/aa ?aeiiaiaeoaony i?iecaiaeeoue iiaeiaiua ?an/aou i?e
ieaie?iaaiee ?aniieiaeaiey aaeieieno?aoeaiuo caeaiee a iaiin?aaenoaaiiie
aeecinoe io iianiuo iauaeoia.

3.3. Ia?u ii i?aaeoi?aaeaeaieth aaa?eeiie neooaoeee ia o?aieeeua i?iiaia

Iaiaoiaeeii oaeaea i?aaeoniio?aoue ia?u ii i?aaeioa?auaieth aaa?eeiie
neooaoeee ia o?aieeeua i?iiaia:

Aeao/eee aunieie /oanoaeoaeueiinoe, ?aaae?othuea ia i?aauoaiea ii?iu
eiioeaio?aoeee aaca a aicaeooa i?e iia?aaeaeaiee aieinoe n i?iiaiii. I?e
yoii aeieaeia n?aaaouaaoue neaiaeecaoeey a aeeniao/a?neie eee aaa?eeiie
neoaeaa.

Aeao/eee aunieie /oanoaeoaeueiinoe, ?aaae?othuea ia i?aauoaiea ii?iu
oaiia?aoo?u a o?aieeeua, oaeaea niaaaeaiiua neaiaeecaoeeae.

Aeao/eee aunieie /oanoaeoaeueiinoe, ?aaae?othuea ia i?aauoaiea ii?i
aeaaeaiey a o?aieeeua i?iiaia, niaaaeaiiua neaiaeecaoeeae.

Iaee/ea nenoai aaioeeyoeee.

Nenoaia aaoiiaoe/aneeo eeaiaiia ia aacii?iaiaeao, eioi?ua aaoiiaoe/anee
ia?ae?uaathony i?e ?aceii aic?anoaiee ?anoiaea aaca (?aceia aic?anoaiea
?anoiaea aaca eae i?aaeei naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i i?i?uaa aacai?iaiaea).

3.4. Ia?u ii caueoa aaeieieno?aoeaiiai caeaiey

No?ieoaeuenoai caeaiee e nii?oaeaiee niioaaonoaothuae iaianoieeinoe e
onoie/eainoe e ii?aaeathuei oaeoi?ai oaea?iie aieiu.

Eiino?oe?iaaiea e i?iaeoe?iaaiea caeaiey n o/aoii o?aaiaaiee
i?ioeaiiiaea?iie aaciianiinoe.

3.5. Ia?u ii eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie caueoa iia?aoi?a

Iaee/ea n?aaenoa eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie caueou o ia?niiaea ia i?iecaiaenoaa.

Iao/aiea ia?niiaea ieacaieth ia?aie iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue.

Iaee/ea ieaia yaaeoaoeee.

Iaee/ea n?aaenoa iiaea?ioooaiey.

Y?aiiiieea

A nia?aiaiiii ie?a oaoie/aneee i?ia?ann i?eaiaeeo e nouanoaaiiiio
eciaiaieth oneiaee, n?aaenoa e oa?aeoa?a o?oaeiaie aeayoaeueiinoe. A
i?iecaiaenoaa, ia o?ainii?oa, a nenoaiao nayce, no?ieoaeuenoaa e
naeueneii oicyenoaa ana oe?a i?eiaiythony aaoiiaou e au/eneeoaeueiay
oaoieea, i?ienoiaeeo aaoiiaoecaoeey iiiaeo au/eneeoaeueiuo i?ioeannia.

Aeaaiaea?y oaoie/aneiio ia?aaii?oaeaieth i?iecaiaenoaa nouanoaaiii
iaiythony ooieoeee e ?ieue /aeiaaea. Iiiaea iia?aoeee, eioi?ua ?aiueoa
auee aai i?a?iaaoeaie, nae/an ia/eiatho auiieiyoue iaoeiu, iaeiaei,
eaeeo au oniaoia ie aeinoeaaea oaoieea, o?oae aue e inoaaony aeinoiyieai
/aeiaaea, a iaoeiu, eae au neiaeiu iie ie auee, inoathony eeoue
i?oaeeyie aai o?oaea. A nayce n yoei aicieeea iiaay aeenoeeieeia –
y?aiiiieea, eioi?ay aia?aea a naay iaoiaeu oeaeiai ?yaea aeenoeeieei –
ineoieiaee e oeceieiaee o?oaea, i?iecaiaenoaaiiie iaaeeoeeiu, aeaeaiu
o?oaea, iao/iie i?aaiecaoeee o?oaea, eiaeaia?iie ineoieiaee e ?yaea
ae?oaeo aeenoeeieei.

Y?aiiiieea – yoi aeenoeeieeia, eiiieaenii eco/athuay /aeiaaea (a?oiio
ethaeae) a eiie?aoiuo oneiaeyo aai (eo) aeayoaeueiinoe, naycaiiie n
eniieueciaaieai oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa.

Ai a?aiy ?aaiou /anoi aicieeatho neooaoeee, a eioi?uo iia?aoi? YAI
aeieaeai ca ei?ioeee n?ie i?eiyoue i?aaeeueiia ?aoaiea. Aeey oniaoiiai
o?oaea a oaeeo oneiaeyo iaiaoiaeeia ?aoeeiiaeueii i?aaieciaaiiay
ie?oaeathuay n?aaea, ia?aaeaeathuay ?aaioieea io aicaeaenoaey
iinoi?iiieo ?acae?aaeeoaeae, eioi?uie iiaoo auoue i?a/iay ie?anea YAI e
iiiauaiey AOe, iaoaeiaiia ?aniieiaeaiea neaiaeecaoeee, eeaaeo oi?aaeaiey
e o.i. Iiyoiio anaie n?aaenoaaie ioaeii nieaeaoue ooiieaiea e
iai?yaeaiea iia?aoi?a YAI, nicaeaaay ianoaiiaeo i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai
eiioi?oa.

Aiaeec ia?niaeoea ?acaeoey oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa iieacuaaao, /oi
oeo/oaiea eo y?aiiiie/aneeo oa?aeoa?enoee ninoaaeyao aaaeiue ?aca?a
iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe aeayoaeueiinoe iia?aoi?a. Oeaeueth
y?aiiiie/aneiai aiaeeca yaeyaony ia oieueei iiauoaiea
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea /aeiaaea e ono?aiaiea aai ioeaie, ii e
nio?aiaiea i?e yoii caei?iauey /aeiaaea, ?acaeoea aai ee/iinoe.
Iaiaoiaeei a?aiioiue iiaeoiae, i?aaeaea anaai e ?aai/ei ianoai, eae e
ooieoeeiiaeueii e eiino?oeoeaii caeii/aiiui ecaeaeeyi, a oaeaea e
?aciauaieth e acaeiiiio ?aniieiaeaieth ioaeaeueiuo oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa
a ?aai/ae ciia, o.a. ia noieao iia?aoi?ia e aie?oa ieo.

?aai/aa ianoi – yoi nenoaia ooieoeeiiaeueii e i?ino?ainoaaiii
i?aaieciaaiiuo oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa e i?aaeiaoa o?oaea, iaania/eaathuay
oneiaey aeey oniaoiiai ?aoaiey /aeiaaeii-iia?aoi?ii iinoaaeaiiie ia?aae
iei caaea/e.

I?eioeeiu i?aaiecaoeee ?aai/aai ianoa caaenyo io oa?aeoa?a ?aoaaiuo
caaea/, eiie?aoiiai niaea?aeaiey aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea e iniaaiiinoae
i?aaeiaoii-i?ino?ainoaaiiiai ie?oaeaiey e aoaeoo ?anniio?aiu ieaea.

1. Oai?aoe/aneay /anoue

1.1. Aaciaue iiaeoiae e eiino?oe?iaaieth ?aai/aai ianoa iia?aoi?a

I?e ?ac?aaioea ia?niaeoeaiuo ?aai/eo iano oe?iei eniieuecoaony aaciaue
iaoiae eiino?oe?iaaiey e aai ?aciiaeaeiinoe
(ooieoeeiiaeueii-iiaeoeueiue, ooieoeeiiaeueii-oceiaie e
ooieoeeiiaeueii-aei/iue iaoiaeu), iniiaaiiua ia i?eioeeiao
ooieoeeiiaeueiie e ?acia?iie acaeiicaiaiyaiinoe, noaiiie e
eiino?oeoi?neie oieoeeaoeee. Aaciaue iaoiae eiaao ?yae aaaeiuo
i?aeiouanoa:

iicaieyao oi?inoeoue i?ioeann eiino?oe?iaaiey e iaeaoe?iaaiey;

iaania/eaaao aiciiaeiinoue iai?a?uaiiai niaa?oainoaiaaiey aiia?aoo?u aac
ei?aiiuo eciaiaiee eiino?oeoeee;

nie?auaao iauai eiino?oeoi?neie aeieoiaioaoeee ia yoaia i?iecaiaenoaa;

iicaieyao oeo/oeoue yenieoaoaoeeiiiua oa?aeoa?enoeee aiia?aoo?u,
?aiiioii?eaiaeiinoue, oeo/oeoue y?aiiiie/aneea e oaoieei-ynoaoe/aneea
ia?aiao?u ecaeaeee.

Ooieoeeiiaeueii-iiaeoeueiue iaoiae iicaieeo iieiaa oaeiaeaoai?eoue ana
aieaa oaeanoi/athueany o?aaiaaiey oaoie/aneie ynoaoeee e eiiiiceoeeiiiie
oeaeinoiinoe, ?aoeeiiaeueiinoe oi?iu e ea/anoao i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai
eniieiaiey ecaeaeee. ?aaeecaoeey yoeo o?aaiaaiee iicaieeo ono?aieoue
?aciioa?aeoa?iinoue ecaeaeee, aecoaeueii e eiino?oeoeaii ia noueothueony
ae?oa n ae?oaii.

1.2. Iiiyoea ?aai/aai ianoa e ?aai/ae ciiu iia?aoi?a

I?eaioaoeey ia eiino?oe?iaaiea ?aai/eo iano ec oieoeoee?iaaiiuo iiaeoeae
n eniieueciaaieai ia?niaeoeaiuo aaciauo eiino?oeoeee ia naaiaeiy
yaeyaony iniiaiie oaiaeaioeeae eiino?oe?iaaiey ?aai/eo iano. Yeaiaiou
?aai/eo iano, eiathuea noiaeea oa?aeoa?enoeee oi?iu e ioaeaeee, aaeeiua
noueiai/iua ?acia?u e aeaoaee e?aieaiey nouanoaaiii iaeaa/atho
oi?ie?iaaiea ?aai/eo iano.

Anee ?aai/aa ianoi iia?aoi?a ia i?aaenoaaeyao niaie eiino?oeoeaii
caeii/aiiiai ecaeaeey, a ninoieo ec iaai?a ioaeaeueiuo oaoie/aneeo
n?aaenoa, oi aiai?yo i ?aai/eo ciiao iia?aoi?ia. Aeey ?aai/eo cii
iia?aoi?ia oa?aeoa?ia aeaeinoue, ia?ano?aeaaaiinoue, ia?aueaaiea
ooieoeee oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa i?e eo yenieoaoaoeee.

1.3. Oi?ie?iaaiea oeiiaiai ninoaaa ?aai/ae ciiu

A iauai neo/aa a oeiiaie ninoaa ?aai/ae ciiu aeeth/atho:

n?aaenoaa ioia?aaeaiey eioi?iaoeee eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai iieueciaaiey
(aeiee ioia?aaeaiey aeenieaaa, ye?aiu ia?niiaeueiuo YAI, e o.i.);

n?aaenoaa oi?aaeaiey e aaiaea eioi?iaoeee (ioeueou aeenieaaa, eeaaeaoo?a
e ono?ienoaa iiceoeeiie?iaaiey eo?ni?a);

ono?ienoaa ia/aoe, aeieoiaioe?iaaiey e o?aiaiey eioi?iaoeee;

aniiiiaaoaeueiia iai?oaeiaaiea (n?aaenoaa i?aoaoieee, o?aieeeua aeey
iineoaeae eioi?iaoeee, ono?ienoaa ianoiiai inaauaiey e o.ae.)

noie e e?anei iia?aoi?a.

I?e y?aiiiie/aneie ioeaiea ?aai/aai ianoa iia?aoi?a iaiaoiaeeii aua?aoue
aeaa-o?e y?aiiiie/aneeo i?eioeeia a ea/anoaa aaaeoueo. Y?aiiiie/aneeie
i?eioeeiaie, eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue i?e oi?ie?iaaiee ?aai/ae
ciiu iia?aoi?a, iiaoo auoue neaaeothuea:

o/ao iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe e /anoiou eniieueciaaiey ioaeaeueiuo n?aaenoa
a oa/aiea ?aai/ae niaiu;

o/ao o?aaiaaiee e nei?inoe e oi/iinoe i?eaia eioi?iaoeee iia?aoi?ii;

o/ao iniaaiiinoae eiino?oeoeaiiai auiieiaiey oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa e
aiia?aoo?u.

1.3.1. I?aaiecaoeey i?ino?ainoaa ?aai/aai ianoa iia?aoi?a

?aai/aa ianoi iia?aoi?a neeaaeuaaaony ec [E2]:

i?ino?ainoaa, caieiaaiiai iai?oaeiaaieai;

i?ino?ainoaa iaiaoiaeeiiai aeey oaoie/aneiai ianeoaeeaaiey e ?aiiioa;

ciiu i?ioiaeia, iaania/eaathuae ii?iaeueiia ooieoeeiie?iaaiea
iai?oaeiaaiey;

nainiiioi?iiai i?ino?ainoaa (/anoe i?ino?ainoaa ?aai/aai ianoa, a
eioi?ie inouanoaeyaony aeaeaaoaeueiay e naini?iay ?aaioa /aeiaaea).

1.3.2. Oneiaey, eioi?ui aeieaeia oaeiaeaoai?youe ?aai/ay ciia

I?ino?ainoaaiiua e ?acia?iua niioiioaiey iaaeaeo yeaiaioaie ?aai/aai
ianoa aeieaeiu auoue aeinoaoi/iuie aeey:

?aciauaiey ?aaioathuaai /aeiaaea n o/aoii aai ?aai/eo aeaeaeaiee e
ia?aiauaiee niaeanii oaoiieiae/aneiio i?ioeanno;

?aniieiaeaiey n?aaenoa oi?aaeaiey a i?aaeaeao iaeneiaeueiie e
ieieiaeueiie a?aieoe iioi?iiai i?ino?ainoaa;

iioeiaeueiiai iaci?a aecoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee,

niaiu ?aai/ae iicu e ?aai/aai iieiaeaiey;

naiaiaeiiai aeinooia e iai?oaeiaaieth i?e ?aiiioa e iaeaaeea;

?aoeeiiaeueiiai ?aciauaiey iniiaiuo e aniiiiaaoaeueiuo n?aaenoa o?oaea;

aaaeaiey caienae, ?aaiou n aeieoiaioaie e i?eai?aie.

A aeaiiii aeeieiiiii i?iaeoa aaaeouea y?aiiiie/aneea i?eioeeiu,
oa?aeoa?iua aeey ?aai/aai ianoa iia?aoi?a e aai ?aaeecaoeey, aoaeoo
?anniio?aiu a ?acaeaea 2.

2. ?aaeecaoeey y?aiiiie/aneie ioeaiee ?aai/aai ianoa iia?aoi?a

Auaa?ai a ea/anoaa iniiaiuo y?aiiiie/aneeo o?aaiaaiee i?aaiecaoeee
?aai/aai ianoa iia?aoi?a neaaeothuea:

iniaaiiinoe eiino?oeoeaiiai auiieiaiey e ?aniieiaeaiey oaoie/aneeo
n?aaenoa e aiia?aoo?u;

aeeeoaeueiinoue ?aaiou n aeaiiie aiia?aoo?ie;

oi/iinoue e yooaeoeaiinoue i?eaia eioi?iaoeee.

Ia?aue i?eioeei ii?aaeaeyaony aua?aiiie aiia?aoo?ie, oiaaea eae aoi?ie e
o?aoee caaenyo io ia?aiai e ii?aaeaeytho ooieoeeiiaeueiia ninoiyiea
iia?aoi?a.

2.1. Iniiaiua y?aiiiie/aneea o?aaiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e aeenieath

Ye?ai iiieoi?a aeieaeai ?aciauaoueny ia noiea eee ia iiaenoaaea oae,
/oiau ?annoiyiea iaaethaeaiey eioi?iaoeee ia aai ye?aia ia i?aauoaei
700ii, iioeiaeueiia ?annoiyiea – 450-500ii.

Ye?ai aeenieay ii aunioa aeieaeai auoue ?aniieiaeai ia noiea eee
iiaenoaaea oae, oae, /oiau oaie iaaeaeo ii?iaeueth e oeaio?o ye?aia e
ai?eciioaeueiie eeieae aci?a ninoaaeye 20 a?aaeonia.

C?eoaeueiue eiioi?o a iniiaiii ii?aaeaeyaony neaaeothueie oaeoi?aie:

?acia?aie ciaeia;

?annoiyiea iaaeaeo ciaeaie ii ai?eciioaee: 0,25 auniou ciaea;

?annoiyiea iaaeaeo no?ieaie: 0,5-1,0 auniou ciaea;

eiee/anoaii ciaeia a no?iea: 4-80;

iaeneiaeueii aeiionoeiui eiee/anoaii no?ie aeey oeaaoiiai ecia?aaeaiey:
ia aieaa 25.

Noaia ?aciauaiey aeoaaeoii-oeeo?iaiai aeenieay (AOeAe) i?eaaaeaia ia
?enoiea 1.

Oaie iaaethaeaiey ye?aia, a oaeaea ae?oaeo n?aaenoa ioia?aaeaiey a
ai?eciioaeueiie ieineinoe (oaie ?acai?ioa aeiea ioia?aaeaiey AOeAe
ioiineoaeueii iia?aoi?a) a iauai neo/aa ia aeieaeai i?aauoaoue 60
a?aaeonia. I?e iaee/ee o?ao e aieaa aeenieaaa a ?aai/ae ciia
aeiioneaaony oaaee/aiea yoiai oaea, ii ii ia aeieaeai i?aauoaoue 90
a?aaeonia. I?e yoii aeieaeii eniieueciaaoueny a?auathuaany e?anei.

2.2. Iniiaiua y?aiiiie/aneea o?aaiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e eeaaeaoo?a

Ioeueo aeenieay aeieaeai auoue ?aciauai ia noiea eee iiaenoaaea oae,
/oiau aunioa eeaaeaoo?u ioeueoa ii ioiioaieth e iieo ninoaaeyea 650-720
ii. I?e ?aciauaiee ioeueoa ia noaiaea?oiii noiea aunioie 750 ii
iaiaoiaeeii eniieueciaaoue e?anei n ?aaoee?oaiie aunioie neaeaiuey e
iiaenoaaeo iiae iiae. Ioeueo ?aeiiaiaeoaony ?aciauaoue i?yii ia?aae
iia?aoi?ii eee eaaaa, anee i?aaeiieaaaaony ?aaioa iia?aoi?a n
aeieoiaioaie e aaaeaiea caienae.

Aeey iia?aoi?a aaiaea aeaiiuo aeieoiaio (aeaie) ?aeiiaiaeoaony
?aniieaaaoue ia ?annoiyiee 450-500 ii io aeac iia?aoi?a, i?aeiouanoaaiii
neaaa, i?e yoii oaie iaaeaeo ye?aiii AOeAe e aeieoiaioii a
ai?eciioaeueiie ieineinoe ia aeieaeai i?aauoaoue 30-40 a?aaeonia.

Eeaaeaoo?o, iaieioeyoi? “iuoue” neaaeoao ?aniieaaaoue a iioeiaeueiie
ciia – /anoe i?ino?ainoaa ?aai/aai ianoa, ia?aie/aiiiai aeoaaie,
iienuaaaiuie i?aaeiea/ueyie i?e aeaeaeaiee a eieoaauo nonoaaao n iii?ie
a oi/ea eieoy e n ioiineoaeueii iaiiaeaeaeiui iea/ii. Yoa ciia
ninoaaeyao ia aieaa 300 – 400ii io oi/ee iii?u eieoy iia?aoi?a [23].

2.3. ?aciauaiea e?anea iia?aoi?a a ?aai/ae ciia

E?anei iia?aoi?a aeieaeii auoue onoie/eaui. Aai eiino?oeoeey, ?acia?u,
oi?ia, iaeeii neaeaiuey e nieiee aeieaeiu iicaieyoue neaeaoue,
aui?yieaoenue, iiaeaea?aeeaay oyaeanoue aa?oiae /anoe ooeiaeua ia
iai?yaeaieai iuooe nieiu, a iooai iii?u ia nieieo. Eo/oae yaeyaony
eaaae?aoiay oi?ia neaeaiuey ni noi?iiaie ?aaiuie 400 ii, e n auaieie,
niioaaonoaothuae oi?ia aaae?a.

Neaeaiuea aeieaeii eiaoue iaeioi?ue iaeeii iacaae (ia 5-6 a?aaeonia),
iaania/eaathuee onoie/eainoue iicu, aunioa neaeaiuey e?anea io iiey
400-450 ii. Anee ii oneiaeyi ?aaiou neaeaiuea ?aniieiaeaii auoa,
iaiaoiaeeii eiaoue iiaenoaaeo aeey iia. Nieiea e?anea aeieaeia eiaoue
aiaioooth oi?io.

?aeiiaiaeoaiay oe?eia nieiee 300 ii. Oaie iaeeiia nieiee neaaeoao
auae?aoue a caaeneiinoe io iacia/aiey e?anea. Aeey iia?aoi?a,
?aaioathuaai ca ioeueoii n CIO, iioeiaeueiui yaeyaony iaeeii 5-10
a?aaeonia. I?e aeeeoaeueiie ?aaioa ca ioeueoii (aieaa 6 /ania), anee ai
a?aiy ?aaiou iaiaoiaeei ioaeuo, oeaeaniia?acii eiaoue aiciiaeiinoue
eciaieoue ii aeaeaieth iia?aoi?a oaie iaeeiia nieiee nooea, ii ia aieaa
/ai ia 45 a?aaeonia.

2.4. ?aciauaiea ono?ienoa aeieoiaioe?iaaiey

Ono?ienoaa aeieoiaioe?iaaiey, aaiaea-auaiaea eioi?iaoeee ?aeiiaiaeoaony
?aniieaaaoue ni?aaa io iia?aoi?a a ciia iaeneiaeueiie aeinyaaaiinoe.
Ooiyuea ono?ienoaa neaaeoao auiineoue ca i?aaeaeu ?aai/ae ciiu.

2.5. ?aniieiaeaiea ?aai/aai ianoa iia?aoi?a a iiiauaiee

A AOe, eae i?aaeei, i?eiaiytho iaeiinoi?iiiaa anoanoaaiiia aieiaia
inaauaiea, i?e/ai naaoii?iaiu n oeaeueth oiaiueoaiey nieia/iie
einieyoeee ono?aeaatho n naaa?iie, naaa?i-ainoi/iie eee naaa?i-caiaaeiie
i?eaioaoeeae. A iaoeiiuo caeao ?aai/ea ianoa iia?aoi?ia, ?aaioathueo n
aeenieayie, ?aniieaaatho iiaeaeueoa io ieii e oaeei ia?acii, /oiau
ieiiiua i?iaiu iaoiaeeeenue naieo. Anee ye?ai aeenieay ia?auai e
ieiiiiio i?iaio, iaiaoiaeeiu niaoeeaeueiua ye?aie?othuea ono?ienoaa
(?en.2). Ieia ?aeiiaiaeoaony niaaaeaoue naaoi?annaeaathueie ooi?aie,
?aaoee?oaiuie aeaethce eee nieioeacaueoiie ieaieie n iaoaeeece?iaaiiui
iie?uoeai [17].

Ye?ai AOeAe, aeieoiaiou, eeaaeaoo?a ioeueoa aeieaeiu auoue ?aniieiaeaiu
oae, /oiau ia?aiaae y?einoae eo iiaa?oiinoae, caaenyuee io eo
?aniieiaeaiey ioiineoaeueii enoi/ieeia naaoa, ia i?aauoae 1:10 i?e
?aeiiaiaeoaiii cia/aiee 1:3. I?e y?einoe ecia?aaeaiey ia ye?aia 50-100
eae/i (iiieiaeueiia cia/aiea) inaauaiiinoue aeieoiaioa aeieaeia
ninoaaeyoue 300-500 ee. Aeieaeiu auoue eneeth/aiu neaiyuea y?einoe,
aeeee e ioia?aaeaiey io noaeea ye?aia.

Aeey eneeth/aiey canaaoee ye?aiia aeenieaaa i?yiuie naaoiauie iioieaie
naaoeeueieee iauaai inaauaiey ?aniieaaatho naieo io ?aai/aai ianoa,
ia?aeeaeueii eeiee c?aiey iia?aoi?a e noaia n ieiaie.

Oaeaea ?aciauaiea naaoeeueieeia iicaieyao i?iecaiaeeoue eo
iineaaeiaaoaeueiia aeeth/aiea a caaeneiinoe io aaee/eiu anoanoaaiiie
inaauaiiinoe e eneeth/aao ?acae?aaeaiea aeac /a?aaeothueieny iieinaie
naaoa e oaie, aicieeathuaa i?e iiia?a/iii ?aniieiaeaiee naaoeeueieeia.
[17].

=0.4. Ie?anea iiaa?oiinoae neaaeoao i?eaeaaaoue iaoiaoth oaeoo?o [17].

Caeeth/aiea

Eoae, i?e y?aiiiie/aneie ioeaiea ?aai/aai ianoa iia?aoi?a a ea/anoaa
iniiaiuo y?aiiiie/aneeo o?aaiaaiee auee aua?aiu neaaeothuea:

iniaaiiinoe eiino?oeoeaiiai auiieiaiey e ?aniieiaeaiey oaoie/aneeo
n?aaenoa e aiia?aoo?u;

aeeeoaeueiinoue ?aaiou n aeaiiie aiia?aoo?ie;

oi/iinoue e yooaeoeaiinoue i?eaia eioi?iaoeee.

?acoeueoaou naaaeaiu a Oaaeeoeo 1, a eioi?ie io?aaeaiu oaoie/aneea
oa?aeoa?enoeee ono?ienoa e eo aeeyiea ia eaaeaeia ec y?aiiiie/aneeo
o?aaiaaiee.

Yeaiaiou ?aai/aai ianoa iia?aoi?a

Oaoie/aneea oa?aeoa?enoeee, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e yeaiaioo ?aai/aai ianoa
iia?aoi?a

Ia eaeia o?aaiaaiea aeeyao aeaiiay oa?aeoa?enoeea

Ye?ai iiieoi?a Iioeiaeueiia ?annoiyiea iaaethaeaiey eioi?iaoeee ia
ye?aia iiieoi?a – 450-500ii.

?annoiyiea iaaeaeo ciaeaie ii ai?eciioaee: 0,25 auniou ciaea;

?annoiyiea iaaeaeo no?ieaie: 0,5-1,0 auniou ciaea;

eiee/anoai ciaeia a no?iea: 4-80;

iaeneiaeueii aeiionoeiia eiee/anoai no?ie aeey oeaaoiiai ecia?aaeaiey:
ia aieaa 25.

2, 3

Oaie iaaethaeaiey ye?aia ia aeieaeai i?aauoaoue 60 a?aaeonia. I?e
iaee/ee o?ao e aieaa aeenieaaa a ?aai/ae ciia aeiioneaaony oaaee/aiea
yoiai oaea, ii ii ia aeieaeai i?aauoaoue 90 a?aaeonia.

I?iaeieaeaiea oaae. 1

Yeaiaiou ?aai/aai ianoa iia?aoi?a Oaoie/aneea oa?aeoa?enoeee,
i?aaeuyaeyaiua e yeaiaioo ?aai/aai ianoa iia?aoi?a Ia eaeia o?aaiaaiea
aeeyao aeaiiay oa?aeoa?enoeea

Eeaaeaoo?a Eeaaeaoo?a aeieaeia auoue ?aciauaia ia noiea eee iiaenoaaea
oae, /oiau aunioa eeaaeaoo?u ioeueoa ii ioiioaieth e iieo ninoaaeyea
650-720ii. I?e ?aciauaiee ioeueoa ia noaiaea?oiii noiea aunioie 750ii
iaiaoiaeeii eniieueciaaoue e?anei n ?aaoee?oaiie aunioie neaeaiuey e
iiaenoaaeo iiae iiae.

Eeaaeaoo?o, iaieioeyoi? “iuoue” neaaeoao ?aniieaaaoue a iioeiaeueiie
ciia –ia aieaa 300 – 400ii io oi/ee iii?u eieoy iia?aoi?a.

1, 2

Aeaie aeaiiuo Aeey iia?aoi?a aaiaea aeaiiuo aeieoiaio (aeaie)
?aeiiaiaeoaony ?aniieaaaoue ia ?annoiyiee 450-500 ii io aeac iia?aoi?a,
i?aeiouanoaaiii neaaa, i?e yoii oaie iaaeaeo ye?aiii AOeAe e aeieoiaioii
a ai?eciioaeueiie ieineinoe ia aeieaeai i?aauoaoue 30-40 a?aaeonia.

2, 3

E?anei iia?aoi?a Eiino?oeoeey e?anea iia?aoi?a aeieaeia iicaieyoue
neaeaoue, iiaeaea?aeeaay oyaeanoue aa?oiae /anoe ooeiaeua ia
iai?yaeaieai iuooe nieiu, a iooai iii?u ia nieieo. Oi?ia neaeaiuey –
eaaae?aoiay ni noi?iiaie 400 ii, e n auaieie, ii oi?ia aaae?a. Iaeeii
neaeaiuey iacaae – 5-6 a?aaeonia, aunioa neaeaiuey e?anea io iiea
400-450 ii. Anee neaeaiuea ?aniieiaeaii auoa, iaiaoiaeeii eiaoue
iiaenoaaeo aeey iia. Nieiea e?anea aeieaeia eiaoue aiaioooth oi?io,
oe?eia nieiee – 300 ii. Oaie iaeeiia nieiee 5-10 a?aaeonia. I?e ?aaioa
aieaa 6/ ia a?aiy ioaeuoa oaie iaeeiia nieiee iiaeii eciaieoue, ii ia
aieaa /ai ia 45 a?aaeonia.

1, 2

Ono?ienoaa aeieoiaioe-

?iaaiey Ono?ienoaa aeieoiaioe?iaaiey eioi?iaoeee ?aeiiaiaeoaony
?aniieaaaoue ni?aaa io iia?aoi?a a ciia iaeneiaeueiie aeinyaaaiinoe,
ooiyuea auiineoue ca i?aaeaeu ?aai/ae ciiu.

1, 3

I?iaeieaeaiea oaae. 1

Yeaiaiou ?aai/aai ianoa iia?aoi?a Oaoie/aneea oa?aeoa?enoeee,
i?aaeuyaeyaiua e yeaiaioo ?aai/aai ianoa iia?aoi?a Ia eaeia o?aaiaaiea
aeeyao aeaiiay oa?aeoa?enoeea

Ie?oaeath-uaa iiiauaiea Ye?ai AOeAe, aeieoiaiou, eeaaeaoo?a ioeueoa
aeieaeiu auoue ?aniieiaeaiu oae, /oiau ia?aiaae y?einoae eo
iiaa?oiinoae, caaenyuee io eo ?aniieiaeaiey ioiineoaeueii enoi/ieeia
naaoa, ia i?aauoae 1:10 i?e ?aeiiaiaeoaiii cia/aiee 1:3. I?e y?einoe
ecia?aaeaiey ia ye?aia 50-100 eae/i (iiieiaeueiia cia/aiea)
inaauaiiinoue aeieoiaioa aeieaeia ninoaaeyoue 300-500 ee. Aeieaeiu
auoue eneeth/aiu neaiyuea y?einoe, aeeee e ioia?aaeaiey io noaeea
ye?aia.

=0.4. Ie?anea iiaa?oiinoae neaaeoao i?eaeaaaoue iaoiaoth oaeoo?o.

1, 2, 3

Caeeth/aiea

?acoeueoaoii aeaiiiai aeeieiiiiai i?iaeoa yaeyaony ?ac?aaioea i?ia?aii
oi?ie?iaaiey e ia?aaioee cai?inia. I?ia?aiiu ?ac?aaioaiu aeey
oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa A?I ?Ae e ooieoeeiie?otho niaianoii n inoaeueiui II
A?I ?Ae.

A i?ioeanna ?ac?aaioee i?ia?aii auiieiaiu o?aaiaaiey e ooieoeeiiaeueiui
oa?aeoa?enoeeai, oneiaey yenieoaoaoeee e o?aaiaaiey e iia?aoeeiiiie e
i?ia?aiiiie niaianoeiinoe. A caeeth/eoaeueiie /anoe aeeieiiiiai i?iaeoa
auea aeaia ioeaiea ?acoeueoaoia ?aaiou i?ia?aii e aeaiu ?aeiiaiaeaoeee
iia?aoi?o A?I ?Ae.

Iauai iaiyoe, caieiaaiue i?ia?aiiie ?aaai: V = 64 Eaaeoa.

A i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneie /anoe aeeieiiiiai i?iaeoa auei
i?iaaaeaii ieaie?iaaiea ?ac?aaioee n iino?iaieai naoaaiai a?aoeea,
?an/ao aeiaiai?iie oeaiu ?ac?aaioee, iainiiaaia yeiiiie/aneay
oeaeaniia?aciinoue oaiu.

Aeiaiai?iay oeaia ?ac?aaioee ninoaaeyao: Oeae = 916 152 ?oa. a oeaiao
1998a.

A ?acaeaea “Io?aia o?oaea e oaoieea aaciianiinoe” aue aua?ai
iioeiaeueiue ?aaeei inaauaiiinoe e i?iaaaeai ?an/ao eioi?iaoeeiiiie
iaa?ocee iia?aoi?a.

Cia/aiea eioi?iaoeeiiiie iaa?ocee iia?aoi?a A?I ?Ae ninoaaeyao 0.6
aeo/n.

A ?acaeaea “A?aaeaeaineay iai?iia” auee i?eaaaeaiu o?aaiaaiey ii
eiaeaia?iie caueoa iia?aoi?a e iai?oaeiaaiey IYAI io aicaeaenoaey
aunieeo oaiia?aoo? i?e ac?uaao a *N ie?iiai a?aiaie.

A ?acaeaea “Y?aiiiieea” auea i?iecaaaeaia ioeaiea ?aai/aai ianoa
iia?aoi?a e ?ac?aaioaii iioeiaeueiia ?aai/aa ianoi iia?aoi?a.

I?eeiaeaiea 1

Noaiu aeai?eoiia i?ia?aii

I?eeiaeaiea 2

Oaenou i?ia?aii

// inquiry.prj

//INQUIRY\inquiry.c

// main(),initsearch(),mem_args()

// i?ia?aiia ia?aaioee cai?inia

#include

#include “pxengine.h”

TABLEHANDLE tblh; // aeane?eioi? oaaeeoeu

RECORDNUMBER low,high; // a?aieoeu eioa?aaea iienea

int nflds; // eie-ai iieae a oaaeeoea

int nformat; // oi?iao ?acoeueoaoa

int handle; // aeane?eioi? oaeea

void interval(long date1,long date2,char *time1, char *time2); //
ii?aaeaeaiea a?aieoe eioa?aaea iienea

void search3(char *argv[],int *x); // iiene n ia?a/eneaieyie

void search2(char *argv[],int *x,int n); // iiene aac ia?a/eneaiee

void search1(void); // iiene oieueei ii aeaoa e a?aiaie

void initsearch(char *argv[],int *x,int p,int n); // auai? aa?eaioa
iienea

void recprint(int nformat); // ?anoeo?iaea caiene AAe a no?ieo e
caienue yoie no?iee a oaee

char sag[7][81]={

” AeAOA A?AIss OAENO NIIAUAIEss
\r\n”,

” AeAOA A?AIss IAI?-A A N ?? ENO AN OAENO NIIAUAIEss
\r\n”,

” AeAOA A?AIss IAI?-A N ?? OAENO NIIAUAIEss
\r\n”,

” AeAOA A?AIss IAI?-A E-AI AN 1NE 2NE 3NE 4NE OAENO NIIAUAIEss
\r\n”,

” AeAOA A?AIss OEI-O I AN OAENO NIIAUAIEss
\r\n”,

” AeAOA A?AIss ENOI0 ENOI1 ENOI2 ENOI3
\r\n”,

” AeAOA A?AIss ENOI1 ENON1 ENOI2 ENON2 ENOI3 ENON3
\r\n”

}; // oaiee oaaeeoe

char *inqstr; // no?iee cai?ina

/* no?iea a?aoiaioia ooieoeee main:

argv[1] – eiy oaeea AAe; eee “!”, icia/athuee, /oi no?iea a?aoiaioia
ia?aaeaaony /a?ac iaiyoue;

argv[2] – aa?eaio iienea; 0 – iiene ii anae AAe, 1 – iiene a aaeeiii
eioa?aaea ii aeaoa e a?aiaie, 2 – iiene a eioa?aaea a?aiaie ii
eaaeaeiio aeith eioa?aaea aeao, 3 – iiene ca iaeei aeaiue a eioa?aaea
a?aiaie;

argv[3] – aeaoa;

argv[4] – a?aiy;

argv[5] e aeaeaa – eneiiua cia/aiey iieae AAe ( argv[5] – o?aoueaai
iiey, argv[6] – /aoaa?oiai iiey e o.ae. ); “-” iaic-

ia/aao ethaia cia/aiea aeaiiiai iiey; a neo/aa ianeieueeeo eneiiuo
cia/aiee ii iaeiiio iieth (ia?a/eneaiea) iie ?acaeaeythony caiyouie;
i?iaaeu a cia/aieyo caiaiaiu ia ‘_’. */

void main(int argc,char *argv[])

{

int *x; // x[i] – eiee/anoai eneiiuo cia/aiee ii i-io iieth

int n=0; // eiee/anoai iieae, aeey eioi?uo caaeaiu cia/aiey aeey iienea

int p=0; // eiee/anoai iieae c ia?a/eneaieyie

// cia/aiey x,n,p ii?aaeaeythony aac o/aoa iieae aeaou e a?aiaie

char *name[]={“all_inf”,”opi”,”shk”,”sbkdg”,”fk”,”ksum”,”ksum0″};

// eiaia aac aeaiiuo

long date1,date2; // a?aie/iua cia/aiey eioa?aaea aeao

int a,i,j,k;

char *c;

char **mem_args(void);

RECORDHANDLE rech;

RECORDNUMBER num;

// Iieo/aiea a?aoiaioia a neo/aa eo ia?aaea/e /a?ac iaiyoue

if(argv[1][0]==’!’)

{

argv=mem_args();

for(argc=0;argv[argc]!=NULL;++argc);

}

// ii?aaeaeaiea oi?iaoa caiene aeey aacu aeaiiuo, e eioi?ie

// i?iecaaaeai cai?in

for(i=0;i78+j)

{

if(strlen(argv[i])>50 && (strlen(inqstr)78))

{

for(k=j+77-strlen(inqstr);argv[i][k]!=’,’;–k);

strcat(c,” “);

strncat(c,argv[i]+j,k+1-j);

j=k+1;

}

break;

}

strcat(c,” “);

strcat(c,argv[i]+j);

j=0;

}

inqstr[strlen(inqstr)]=’ ‘;

_write(handle,inqstr,81);

free(inqstr);

}

_write(handle,sag[nformat],81);

// eieoeeaeecaoeey ?aaiou n AAe

j=coreleft()/1024-50;

if(j>256) j=256;

if(a=PXSetDefaults(j,1,30,MAXLOCKHANDLES,3,SortOrderAscii))
printf(“\n%s”,PXErrMsg(a));

if(a=PXInit()) printf(“\n%s”,PXErrMsg(a));

if(a=PXTblOpen(argv[1],&tblh,0,0)) printf(“\n%s”,PXErrMsg(a));

PXRecNFlds(tblh,&nflds);

x=(int *)calloc(argc+1,sizeof(int));

// ?acai? a?aoiaioia cai?ina

for(i=5;i1)++p;

}

// aeaaiue aeie

switch(argv[2][0])

{

case ‘0’: low=1;PXTblNRecs(tblh,&high);

initsearch(argv,x,p,n);

break;

case ‘1’:

PXDateEncode(atoi(argv[3]),atoi(argv[3]+3),atoi(argv[3]+6),&date1);

PXDateEncode(atoi(argv[3]+11),atoi(argv[3]+14),atoi(argv[3]+17),&date2);

interval(date1,date2,argv[4],argv[4]+9);

initsearch(argv,x,p,n);

break;

case ‘2’:

PXDateEncode(atoi(argv[3]),atoi(argv[3]+3),atoi(argv[3]+6),&date1);

PXDateEncode(atoi(argv[3]+11),atoi(argv[3]+14),atoi(argv[3]+17),&date2);

interval(date1,date2,argv[4],argv[4]+9);

if(low==1 && !high) break;

if(low==1)

{

PXRecBufOpen(tblh,&rech);

PXRecGet(tblh,rech);

PXGetDate(rech,1,&date1);

PXRecBufClose(rech);

}

PXTblNRecs(tblh,&num);

if(high==num)

{

PXRecBufOpen(tblh,&rech);

PXRecLast(tblh);

PXRecGet(tblh,rech);

PXGetDate(rech,1,&date2);

PXRecBufClose(rech);

}

for(;date1high) continue;

initsearch(argv,x,p,n);

}

break;

case ‘3’:

PXDateEncode(atoi(argv[3]),atoi(argv[3]+3),atoi(argv[3]+6),&date1);

interval(date1,date1,argv[4],argv[4]+9);

initsearch(argv,x,p,n);

}

free(x);

if(a=PXTblClose(tblh)) printf(“\n%s”,PXErrMsg(a));

PXExit();

close(handle);

}

// initsearch

// auai? ooieoeee iienea

void initsearch(char *argv[],int *x,int p,int n)

{

if(low>high) return;

if(p) search3(argv+5,x);

else if(n) search2(argv,x,n);

else search1();

}

// Ooieoeey mem_args aica?auaao aae?an no?iee ia?aiao?ia a neo/aa aa
ia?aaea/e /a?ac iaiyoue

#include “conn_mem.h”

char **mem_args()

{

char ***dat;

dat=(char ***)conn_mem();

return dat[ARGS_OFF/4];

}

// bs2_inq.prj

//INQUIRY\interval.c

// interval()

// ii?aaeaeaiea a?aie/iuo iiia?ia eioa?aaea iienea

#include

#include “pxengine.h”

#include “def.h”

void interval (long date1,long date2,char *time1,char *time2)

{

RECORDHANDLE rech;

itoa(atoi(time2+6)+1,time2+6,10);

PXRecBufOpen(tblh,&rech);

PXPutDate(rech,1,date2);

PXPutAlpha(rech,2,time2);

if(PXRecInsert(tblh,rech))printf(“error”);

PXRecNum(tblh,&high);

–high;

PXRecDelete(tblh);

PXPutDate(rech,1,date1);

PXPutAlpha(rech,2,time1);

if(PXRecInsert(tblh,rech))printf(“error”);

if(PXRecNum(tblh,&low))printf(“error”);

PXRecDelete(tblh);

PXRecBufClose(rech);

}

// inquiry.prj

//INQUIRY\recprint.c

// recprint()

// oi?iaoe?iaaiea e caienue a oaee iaeaeaiiie no?iee

#include

#include “pxengine.h”

#include “def.h”

#include “disp.h”

void recprint()

{

long date;

int month,day,year;

int format[7][7]= { {21,0,0,0,0,0,0},{21,28,30,35,38,42,46},

{21,29,34,37,0,0,0},{ 21,29,35,38,43,48,53 },

{ 21,27,29,33,0,0,0 },{ 21,28,35,42,49,0,0 },

{ 21,28,35,42,49,56,63 } };

static char string[82]; // ?acoeueoe?othuay no?iea

RECORDHANDLE rech;

union REGS r;

int a,i;

memset(string,’ ‘,82);

PXRecBufOpen(tblh,&rech);

PXRecGet(tblh,rech);

PXGetDate(rech,1,&date);

PXDateDecode(date,&month,&day,&year);

sprintf(string,”%.02d\\%.02d\\%.04d “,month,day,year);

PXGetAlpha(rech,2,10,string+11);

for(i=3;i// inquiry.prj //INQUIRY\search12.c // search1(),search2(),(search3() ni a oaeea search3.c) // search1 - ana caiene a caaeaiiii eioa?aaea // search2 - caaeaii ia aieaa iaeiiai eneiiiai cia/aiey ii eaaeaeiio iieth // search3 - aieaa iaeiiai eneiiiai cia/aiey xioy au ii iaeiiio iieth /* enoiaeiua aeaiiua: int *x; ,aaea x[i] - eiee/anoai eneiiuo cia/aiee ii i-io iieth ( oieueei aeey search2 ) char *argv[] - ni. eiiiaioa?ee a inquiry.c (oieueei aeey search2) RECORDNUMBER low,high; - a?aieoeu eioa?aaea iienea */ #include

#include “pxengine.h”

#include “def.h”

void search2(char *argv[],int *x,int n)

{

int a,i,j=0,*y;

int yes;

char *c,*c2;

char arg[10];

RECORDHANDLE *rec;

RECORDNUMBER *s,max=low;

s=(long *)calloc(n,sizeof(RECORDNUMBER));

rec=(unsigned int *)calloc(n,sizeof(RECORDHANDLE));

y=(int *)calloc(n,sizeof(int));

for(i=3;jhigh)

{

free(s);free(rec);free(y);

return;

}

for(i=1,yes=1,max=s[0];imax) max=s[i];

}

if(yes) { ++max;recprint(); }

}

void search1(void)

{

RECORDNUMBER i;

for(i=low;i// inquiry.prj //INQUIRY\search3.c // search3() // iiene /* enoiaeiua aeaiiua: int *x; ,aaea x[i] - eiee/anoai eneiiuo cia/aiee ii i-io iieth char *args[] - eneiiua cia/aiey iieae AAe ( args[0] - o?aoueaai iiey, argv[1] - /aoaa?oiai iiey e o.ae. ); RECORDNUMBER low,high; - a?aieoeu eioa?aaea iienea */ // search1 - ana caiene a caaeaiiii eioa?aaea // search2 - ia aieaa iaeiiai eneiiiai cia/aiey ii eaaeaeiio iieth // search3 - aieaa iaeiiai eneiiiai cia/aiey xioy au ii iaeiiio iieth #include

#include

#include “pxengine.h”

#include “def.h”

void search3(char *args[],int *x)

{

rec – iannea ianneaia aooa?ia aeey iienea,aai ?acia?iinoue ?aaia
eiee/anoao iieae a oaaeeoea. ?acia?iinoue eaaeaeiai ec ianneaia rec[i]
?aaia eiee/anoao eneiiuo cia/aiee ii i-io iieth oaaeeoeu (oi anoue ==
o[i]). A eaaeaeue aooa? caiineony iaeii eneiiia cia/aiea ( iai?eia?, a
rec[3][0] – caiineony ia?aia eneiiia cia/aiea ii 3-io iieth oaaeeoeu).

Eaaeaeiio aooa?o ( rec[i][j] )niioaaonoaoao yeaiaio ianneaa ianneaia z (
z[i][j] ), a eioi?ii o?aieony oaeouee iiia?

iaeaeaiiie caiene ii aeaiiiio aooa?o (oi anoue caiene, a
niioaaonoaothuai iiea eioi?ie iaoiaeeony cia/aiea, ?aaiia cia/aieth,
caianaiiiio a aooa?).

A ianneaa s o?aiyony oaeouea iiia?a iaeaeaiiuo no?ie ii eaaeaeiio iieth
( s[i] ieieioi ec anao z[i][j] ii yoiio i).

max – oaeouee iiia? caiene i?e iienea ( oi anoue caiene n iiia?aie
iaiueoa max oaea i?iniio?aiu ).

RECORDHANDLE **rec;

int i,j,k;

int yes;

char *c1,*c2;

char arg[10];

RECORDNUMBER *s,**z,max=low;

int a;

// auaeaeaiea iaiyoe iiae ianneau rec,z,s

// e ioe?uoea aooa?ia

s=(long *)calloc(nflds,sizeof(RECORDNUMBER));

rec=(unsigned int **)calloc(nflds,sizeof(RECORDHANDLE *));

z=(long **)calloc(nflds,sizeof(RECORDNUMBER *));

for(i=3;i= max.

// Iaeaeaiiua iiia?a caiinei a niioaanoaothuea z[i][k]

// Anee eneiiuo caienae ii aeaiiiio aooa?o iao, caiinei a z[i][k]
iiia?, i?aauoathuee aa?oithth

// a?aieoeo eioa?aaea iienea

if(!x[i]) continue;

for(k=0;kz[i][k]) s[i]=z[i][k];

if(s[i]>high)

{

for(i=3;imax) max=s[i];

}

if(yes) { PXRecGoto(tblh,max);++max;recprint(); }

}

// bs2_inq.prj

// BS2_INQ\bs2_inq.c

// main()

// i?ia?aiia ia?aaioee cai?inia aeey aoi?ie oi?iu aaeoia ninoiyiee

#include

#include “pxengine.h”

#include “devices.h”

TABLEHANDLE tblh; // aeane?eioi? oaaeeoeu

RECORDNUMBER low,high; // a?aieoeu eioa?aaea iienea

int nflds; // eie-ai iieae a oaaeeoea

int handle; // aeane?eioi? oaeea

void interval(long date1,long date2,char *time1, char *time2); //
ii?aaeaeaiea a?aieoe eioa?aaea iienea

void search(char *type); // iiene

void recprint(void); // ?anoeo?iaea caiene AAe a no?ieo e caienue yoie
no?iee a oaee

char *sag; // oaiea oaaeeoeu

char *sag2; // oaiea oaaeeoeu-aoi?ay no?iea

char *inqstr; // no?iea cai?ina

int length; // aeeeia no?iee a oaaeeoea

/* no?iea a?aoiaioia ooieoeee main:

argv[1] – ia eniieuecoaony

argv[2] – aa?eaio iienea; 0 – iiene ii anae AAe, 1 – iiene a aaeeiii
eioa?aaea ii aeaoa e a?aiaie, 2 – iiene a eioa?aaea

a?aiaie ii eaaeaeiio aeith eioa?aaea aeao, 3 – iiene ca iaeei aeaiue
a eioa?aaea a?aiaie;

argv[3] – aeaoa;

argv[4] – a?aiy;

argv[5] – oei ono?ienoaa */

void main(int argc,char *argv[])

{

long date1,date2; // a?aie/iua cia/aiey eioa?aaea aeao

int a,i;

char *c;

RECORDHANDLE rech;

RECORDNUMBER num;

// ioe?uoea oaeea ?acoeueoaoia cai?ina (inquiry.res) e caienue a iaai
no?iee cai?ina e oaiee oaaeeoeu

handle=open(“inquiry.res”,

O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY,S_IREAD | S_IWRITE );

for(i=0;strcmp(devices[i].type,argv[5]) && i256) i=256;

if(a=PXSetDefaults(i,1,30,MAXLOCKHANDLES,3,SortOrderAscii))
printf(“\n%s”,PXErrMsg(a));

if(a=PXInit()) printf(“\n%s”,PXErrMsg(a));

if(a=PXTblOpen(“fk”,&tblh,0,0)) printf(“\n%s”,PXErrMsg(a));

PXRecNFlds(tblh,&nflds);

// aeaaiue aeie

if (argv[2][0]==’0′)

{

low=1;PXTblNRecs(tblh,&high);

search(argv[5]);

}

else

if (argv[2][0]==’1′)

{

PXDateEncode(atoi(argv[3]),atoi(argv[3]+3),atoi(argv[3]+6),&date1);

PXDateEncode(atoi(argv[3]+11),atoi(argv[3]+14),atoi(argv[3]+17),&date2);

interval(date1,date2,argv[4],argv[4]+9);

search(argv[5]);

}

else

if (argv[2][0]==’2′)

{

PXDateEncode(atoi(argv[3]),atoi(argv[3]+3),atoi(argv[3]+6),&date1);

PXDateEncode(atoi(argv[3]+11),atoi(argv[3]+14),atoi(argv[3]+17),&date2);

interval(date1,date2,argv[4],argv[4]+9);

if(low==1 && !high)

if(low==1)

{

PXRecBufOpen(tblh,&rech);

PXRecGet(tblh,rech);

PXGetDate(rech,1,&date1);

PXRecBufClose(rech);

}

PXTblNRecs(tblh,&num);

if(high==num)

{

PXRecBufOpen(tblh,&rech);

PXRecLast(tblh);

PXRecGet(tblh,rech);

PXGetDate(rech,1,&date2);

PXRecBufClose(rech);

}

for(;date1high) continue;

search(argv[5]);

}

else

if (argv[2][0]==’3′)

{

PXDateEncode(atoi(argv[3]),atoi(argv[3]+3),atoi(argv[3]+6),&date1);

interval(date1,date1,argv[4],argv[4]+9);

search(argv[5]);

}

if(a=PXTblClose(tblh)) printf(“\n%s”,PXErrMsg(a));

PXExit();

close(handle);

}

// bs2_inq.prj

// BS2_INQ\form2.c

// form2()

// ?anoeo?iaea aaeoia ninoiyiey

#include

#include “devices.h”

void form2(char *Type,char *bytes,char *text)

{

/* Type; oei ono?ienoaa

bytes; ia?anoeo?iaaiiua aaeou ninoiyiey

text; aooa? aeey ?anoeo?iaaiiuo AN */

int i;

for(i=0;strcmp(devices [i].type,Type) && i// bs2_inq.prj //BS2_INQ\interval.c // interval() // ii?aaeaeaiea a?aie/iuo iiia?ia eioa?aaea iienea #include

#include

#include “pxengine.h”

#include “def.h”

void interval (long date1,long date2,char *time1,char *time2)

{

RECORDHANDLE rech;

itoa(atoi(time2+6)+1,time2+6,10);

PXRecBufOpen(tblh,&rech);

PXPutDate(rech,1,date2);

PXPutAlpha(rech,2,time2);

if(PXRecInsert(tblh,rech))printf(“error”);

PXRecNum(tblh,&high);

–high;

PXRecDelete(tblh);

PXPutDate(rech,1,date1);

PXPutAlpha(rech,2,time1);

if(PXRecInsert(tblh,rech))printf(“error”);

if(PXRecNum(tblh,&low))printf(“error”);

PXRecDelete(tblh);

PXRecBufClose(rech);

}

// bs2_inq.prj

// recprint.c

// BS2_INQ\recprint()

// oi?iaoe?iaaiea e caienue a oaee iaeaeaiiie no?iee

#include

#include “pxengine.h”

#include “def.h”

#include “disp.h”

void form2(char *,char *,char *);

// ?anoeo?iaea aaeoia ninoiyiey

void recprint()

{

long date; // aeaoa a oi?iaoa AAe

int month,day,year; // ?anoeo?iaaiiay aeaoa

char *string; // ?acoeueoe?othuay no?iea

char *bytes; // ia?anoeo?iaaiiua aaeou ninoiyiey

RECORDHANDLE rech; // aeane?eioi? caiene

int a,i;

union REGS r;

string=(char *)calloc(length+1,1);

bytes=(char *)calloc(45,1);

PXRecBufOpen(tblh,&rech);

PXRecGet(tblh,rech);

PXGetDate(rech,1,&date);

PXDateDecode(date,&month,&day,&year);

sprintf(string,”%.02d\\%.02d\\%.04d “,month,day,year);

PXGetAlpha(rech,2,9,string+11); //t

PXGetAlpha(rech,3,6,string+20); //oei_o

PXGetAlpha(rech,4,2,string+26); //i

PXGetAlpha(rech,5,4,string+28); //an

PXGetAlpha(rech,6,45,bytes); //an

form2(string+20,bytes+16,string+31);

for(i=0;i// bs2_inq.prj //BS2_INQ\search.c // search() // iiene #include

#include “pxengine.h”

#include “def.h”

void search(char *type)

{

int a,i,y[2];

RECORDHANDLE rec[2];

RECORDNUMBER s[2],max=low;

PXRecBufOpen(tblh,&rec[0]);

PXRecBufOpen(tblh,&rec[1]);

PXPutAlpha(rec[0],3,type);

PXPutAlpha(rec[1],5,”AN “);

y[0]=3;y[1]=5;s[1]=s[0]=0;

while(1)

{

for(i=0;ihigh)

{

PXRecBufClose(rec[0]);

PXRecBufClose(rec[1]);

return;

}

if(s[1]==s[0]) { ++max; recprint(); }

else if(s[1]>s[0]) max=s[1];

else max=s[0];

}

// bs3_inq.prj

// BS3_INQ\bs3_inq.c

// main()

// i?ia?aiia ia?aaioee cai?inia aeey o?aoueae oi?iu aaeoia ninoiyiey

// aucuaaaony ec:

// 1) main.prj, mloop2.c, bszapros()

// 2) makeinq.prj, makeinq.c, makeinq()

#include

#include “pxengine.h”

#include

void form3(char *,char *,int);

// ?anoeo?iaea aaeoia ninoiyiey aeey o?aoueae oi?iu i?aaenoaaeaiey e eo
caienue a oaee ?acoeueoaoia

/* a?aoiaiou ooieoeee main :

argv[1] – oei ono?ienoaa */

void main(int argc,char *argv[])

{

int a;

int i;

int handle; // aeane?eioi? oaeea ?acoeueoaoia iienea

static char bytes[45]; // aooa? aeey ia?anoeo?iaaiiuo aaeoia ninoiyiey

RECORDHANDLE rec; // aeane?eioi? caiene

TABLEHANDLE tblh; // aeane?eioi? oaaeeoeu

// ioe?uoea oaeea ?acoeueoaoia ecaienue a iaai oeia ono?ienoaa

handle=open(“inquiry.res”,

O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY,S_IREAD | S_IWRITE );

write(handle,argv[1],strlen(argv[1]));

//if(strlen(argv[1])==1) write(handle,” “,2);

//if(strlen(argv[1])==2) write(handle,” “,1);

write(handle,”\r\n”,2);

// iiene e ia?aaioea ?acoeueoaoia iienea

/* iaoiaeeony iineaaeiyy ii a?aiaie caienue aaeoia

ninoiyiey aeey aeaiiiai ono?ienoaa */

if(a=PXInit()) printf(“\n%s”,PXErrMsg(a));

if(a=PXTblOpen(“fk”,&tblh,0,0)) printf(“\n%s”,PXErrMsg(a));

PXRecBufOpen(tblh,&rec);

PXPutAlpha(rec,5,”AN”);

PXPutAlpha(rec,3,argv[1]);

if((a=PXSrchFld(tblh,rec,3,SEARCHFIRST))!=PXSUCCESS)

{ if(a==PXERR_RECNOTFOUND)

PXRecBufClose(rec);

if(a=PXTblClose(tblh)) printf(“\n%s”,PXErrMsg(a));

PXExit();

close(handle);

return;

}

else while(!(a=PXSrchFld(tblh,rec,3,SEARCHNEXT)));

PXRecGet(tblh,rec);

PXGetAlpha(rec,6,45,bytes);

form3(argv[1],bytes+16,handle);

PXRecBufClose(rec);

if(a=PXTblClose(tblh)) printf(“\n%s”,PXErrMsg(a));

PXExit();

close(handle);

}

// bs3_inq.prj

// BS3_INQ\form3.c

// form3()

// ?anoeo?iaea aaeoia ninoiyiey

#include

#include “devices.h”

#include

void form3(char *Type,char *bytes,int handle)

{

/* Type – oei ono?ienoaa

bytes – ia?anoeo?iaaiiua aaeou ninoiyiey

handle – aeane?eioi? oaeea ?acoeueoaoia */

int i;

struct date d;

struct time t;

getdate(&d);

gettime(&t);

z.bd1.date[0]=d.da_mon;

z.bd1.date[1]=d.da_day;

z.bd1.date[2]=d.da_year;

PXRecBufOpen(tblh,&rech);

PXRecGet(tblh,rech);

PXGetDate(rech,1,&date);

PXDateDecode(date,&month,&day,&year);

sprintf(string,”%.02d\\%.02d\\%.04d “,month,day,year);

for(i=0;strcmp(devices[i].type,Type) && i

// bs2_out.prj // bs2_out.c // main() // auaea/a ?acoeueoaoia cai?ina ii 2-e oi?ia aaeoia ninoiyiey ia ye?ai // ( ec oaeea ) eee oi?iaoe?iaaiea e iinoaiiaea a i/a?aaeue aeey auaea/e // ia i?eioa? #include

#include “cxlkey.h”

#include “disp.h”

extern void resScr(void);

// auaea/a ?acoeueoaoia cai?ina ec oaeea ia ye?ai

extern void resPrn(void);

// auaea/a ?acoeueoaoia cai?ina ec oaeea ia i?eioa?

void main(int argc,char *argv[])

{

void z(void);

setkbloop(z);

if(argv[1][0]==’y’) resScr();

else resPrn();

}

void z(void)

{

union REGS r;

r.h.ah=0;

int86(DISP,&r,&r);

}

#include

#include “cxlkey.h”

#include “disp.h”

extern void resScr(void);

// auaea/a ?acoeueoaoia cai?ina ec oaeea ia ye?ai

extern void resPrn(void);

// auaea/a ?acoeueoaoia cai?ina ec oaeea ia i?eioa?

void main(int argc,char *argv[])

{

void z(void);

setkbloop(z);

if(argv[1][0]==’y’) resScr();

else resPrn();

}

void z(void)

{

union REGS r;

r.h.ah=0;

int86(DISP,&r,&r);

}

// inq_out.prj

// INQ_OUT.C

// main()

// auaea/a ?acoeueoaoia cai?ina ia ye?ai ( ec oaeea )

// eee oi?iaoe?iaaiea e iinoaiiaea a i/a?aaeue aeey auaea/e ia i?eioa?

#include

#include “cxlkey.h”

#include “cxldef.h”

extern void resScr(void);

// auaea/a ?acoeueoaoia cai?ina ec oaeea ia ye?ai

extern void resPrn(void);

// auaea/a ?acoeueoaoia cai?ina ec oaeea ia i?eioa?

void main(int argc,char *argv[])

{

void z(void);

setkbloop(z);

if(argv[1][0]==’y’) resScr();

else resPrn();

}

#include

#include “disp.h”

void z(void)

{

union REGS r;

r.h.ah=0;

int86(DISP,&r,&r);

}

// inq_out.prj

// res_scr.C

// res_scr()

// auaea/a ?acoeueoaoia cai?ina ia ye?ai ( ec oaeea )

#include

#include “cxlwin.h”

#include “cxlkey.h”

#include “cxlvid.h”

#define LEN 81

#define TXTATTR _CYAN

#define UP 0x4800

#define DOWN 0x5000

#define PGUP 0x4900

#define PGDOWN 0x5100

#define ESC 0x011b

void resScr(void)

{

FILE *f; // aeane?eioi? oaeea ?acoeueoaoia

int down; // iiia? oaeouae no?iee a oaeea

int ch; // eiae eeaaeoe

int i;

char string[LEN];

int mwup; // eiee/anoai no?ie iaae iniiaiui ieiii

// auaiae ia ye?ai no?iee cai?ina e oaiee oaaeeoeu

f=fopen(“inquiry.res”,”r++”);

fgets(string,LEN,f);

for(mwup=0;strncmp(string+3,”AeAOA”,4);++mwup)

{

wopen(mwup,0,mwup,79,5,BLUE|_LGREY,BLUE|_LGREY);

wprintf(“%.79s”,string);

fgets(string,LEN,f);

}

wopen(mwup,0,mwup,79,5,YELLOW|_BLUE,YELLOW|_BLUE);

wprintf(” %.78s”,string);

// iniiaiia ieii

wopen(++mwup,0,25,79,5,LCYAN|_BLUE,TXTATTR);

//wshadow(LGREY);

// auaiae ?acoeueoaoia cai?ina ec oaeea ia ye?ai

for(down=mwup;down// bs2_out.prj // res_scr_.c // res_scr() // auaea/a ?acoeueoaoia cai?ina ii 2-e oi?ia aaeoia ninoiyiey ia ye?ai // ( ec oaeea ) #include

#include

#include “cxlwin.h”

#include “cxlkey.h”

#include “cxlvid.h”

#define LEN 100

#define TXTATTR _CYAN

#define UP 0x4800

#define DOWN 0x5000

#define PGUP 0x4900

#define PGDOWN 0x5100

#define RIGHT 0x4d00

#define LEFT 0x4b00

#define HOME 0x4700

#define END 0x4F00

#define ESC 0x011b

FILE *f; // aeane?eioi? oaeea ?acoeueoaoia

int down; // iiia? oaeouae no?iee a oaeea

char string[LEN];

int length; // aeeeia no?ie a oaeea

int w1; // aeane?eioi? ieia

void screen_move(int right);

void resScr(void)

{

int right=0; // ai?eciioaeueiia niauaiea

int ch; // eiae eeaaeoe

int i;

// auaiae ia ye?ai no?iee cai?ina e oaiee oaaeeoeu

f=fopen(“inquiry.res”,”r++”);

wopen(0,0,0,79,5,BLUE|_LGREY,BLUE|_LGREY);

fgets(string,LEN,f);

wprints(0,1,BLUE|_LGREY,string);

w1=wopen(1,0,1,79,5,YELLOW|_BLUE,YELLOW|_BLUE);

fgets(string,LEN,f);

wprints(0,1,YELLOW|_BLUE,string);

length=strlen(string)+1;

// iniiaiia ieii

wopen(2,0,25,79,5,LCYAN|_BLUE,TXTATTR);

hidecur();

//wshadow(LGREY);

// auaiae ?acoeueoaoia cai?ina ec oaeea ia ye?ai

for(down=2;down2) fseek(f,(long)(down-22)*length,0);

for(i=0;i#include

#include

#include “cxlwin.h”

#include “cxlkey.h”

#include “cxlvid.h”

#define LEN 80

#define ESC 0x011b

FILE *f; // aeane?eioi? oaeea ?acoeueoaoia

char string[LEN]; // aooa? aeey /oaiey ec oaeea

void resScr(void)

{

int i;

int maxlen; // iaeneiaeueiay aeeeia no?iee a oaeea ?acoeueoaoia cai?ina

int startpos; // noieaaoe ieia n eioi?iai ia/aoaaony oaeno

// ioe?uoea oaeea ?acoeueoaoia cai?ina e

// ii?aaeaeaiea ?acia?a naiie aeeeiiie no?iee a yoii oaeea

f=fopen(“inquiry.res”,”r++”);

for(maxlen=0,i=0;fgets(string,LEN,f)!=NULL;++i)

if(strlen(string)>maxlen) maxlen=strlen(string);

fseek(f,0,0);

// /a?iue oii

wopen(0,0,24,79,5,0,0);

// ioe?uoea ieia

wopen((20-i)/2,5,(20-i)/2+i+2,75,1,YELLOW|_BLUE,_CYAN);

hidecur();

// /oaiea oeia ono?ienoaa e aai eniieueciaaiea a ea/anoaa oeooea ieia

fgets(string+1,LEN,f);

string[0]=’ ‘;

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