26
IEIENOA?NOAI IA?ACIAAIEss ?INNEENEIE OAAeA?AOeEE
NA?AOIANEAss AINOAeA?NOAAIIAss AEAAeAIEss I?AAA
EAOAAe?A OAI?EE AINOAeA?NOAA E I?AAA
O*AAIAss AeENOeEIEEIA – OAI?Ess AINOAeA?NOAA E I?AAA
NIOeEAEUeIUA E OAOIE*ANEEA II?IU
( EO?NIAAss ?AAIOA)
Auiieiee:
NOOAeAIO 1 EO?NA 7 A?OIIU
EINOEOOOA I?IEO?AOO?U
AAAE* A. A.
Iao/iue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue:
AeIEOI? TH?EAeE*ANEEO IAOE, I?IOANNI?
Iaoocia I.E.
NA?AOIA 1999
Niaea?aeaiea
Aaaaeaiea…………………………………..1-2no?.
1. nioeeaeueiua ii?iu e eo eeanneoeeaoeey….2-14no?.
2. ioeeiiythuaany iiaaaeaiea………15-16no?.
3. oaoie/aneea ii?iu e eo eeanneoeeaoeey e acaeiinaycue n nioeeaeueiuie
ii?iaie…16-20no?.
Caeeth/aiea……………………………20-21no?.
AAAAeAIEA
A aeoaieie ae?aaiinoe neeaaeuaaeenue i?aaenoaaeaiey i ii?iao aeecie, ia
iaeia?yaiii e ii?eoeaaiii iiaaaeaiee. Ieoieiaey aeaaaea /eaiai ieaiaie
iauea i?aaenoaaeaiey i iaaeeaaeauei e cai?auaiiii (iai?eia?,
cai?auaeinue oaeenoai /eaiia aeaiiiai eeaia, ethaeiaaenoai e o.i.).
Ia?ooeoaee iiaeaa?aaeenue no?iaui ea?ai (ecaeaieth, ecaiaieth ec eeaia,
nia?oiie eacie).
A aeaeueiaeoai aicieeee i?aaenoaaeaiey i aiaeanoaaiiii i?ienoiaeaeaiee
i?aaee iiaaaeaiey /aeiaaea. Niaethaeaiea yoeo i?aaee iiaeaea?aeeaae
no?ao ia?aae iaeacaieai i?e aeecie eee iaieioaii iinea nia?oe.
A aioe/iuo ainoaea?noaao (A?aoeey, ?ei) iaicia/aaony /?oeay a?aieoea
iaaeaeo iaeia?yaiui iiaaaeaieai, niioaaonoaothuei ni?aaaaeeeaui ii?iai,
e ioeeiiythueiny io yoeo ii?i iiaaaeaieai.
A iaoa a?aiy aeayoaeueiinoue ethaeae, eo iiaaaeaiea e ioiioaiey
?aaoee?othony iiiaeanoaii nouanoaothueo a iauanoaa ii?i.
Neiai “ii?ia” eaoeineiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey e icia/aao aoeaaeueii:
?aaoee?othuaa ia/aei, i?aaeei, ia?acaoe. Ii au?aaeaieth Aeaenaaaa
ii?ia-yoi iauaa i?aaeei iiaaaeaiey, aeaenoaothuaa iai?a?uaii ai a?aiaie
e a ioiioaiee iaii?aaeaeaiiiai e?oaa eeoe e iaia?aie/aiiiai eiee/anoaa
neo/aaa Aeaenaaa N.N. “Oai?ey i?aaa”. Ii?iu au?aaaouaaao iauanoai,
nioeeaeueiua a?oiiu, eioi?ua aoiaeyo a iaai. N iiiiuueth ii?i e ethaeyi
i?aaeuyaeythony o?aaiaaiey, eioi?ui aeieaeii oaeiaeaoai?youe eo
iiaaaeaiea.
A th?eaee/aneie iaoea ana aeaenoaothuea a iauanoaa ii?iu
iiae?acaeaeythony, i?aaeaea anaai, ia aeaa aieueoea a?oiiu-nioeeaeueiua
e oaoie/aneea I.E. Iaoocia e A.A. Iaeueei “Oai?ey ainoaea?noaa e
i?aaa”. Yoi iaeaieaa iauaa aeaeaiea, eiathuaa eae au ia?ae/iia,
enoiaeiia cia/aiea. Aeaeaa iaa a?oiiu ii?i eeanneoeoee?othony ii
?acee/iui iniiaaieyi ia iiiai/eneaiiua aeaeu e ?aciiaeaeiinoe.
1. Nioeeaeueiua ii?iu e eo eeanneoeeaoeey
Oai?ey ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa ia?auaao naia aieiaiea aeaaiui ia?acii ia
nioeeaeueiua ii?iu. Iio?aaiinoue a nioeeaeueiuo ii?iao aicieeea ia naiuo
?aiieo nooiaiyo ?acaeoey /aeiaa/aneiai iauanoaa a nayce n
iaiaoiaeeiinoueth o?aaoee?iaaoue iiaaaeaiea ethaeae iaueie i?aaeeaie.
Enneaaeiaaiea nioeeaeueiie ii?iu nii?yaeaii n aiaeecii iauanoaaiiuo
ioiioaiee, aeayoaeueiinoe eiaeeaeaeia. Iauanoai anaaaea yaeyaony
?acoeueoaoii acaeiiaeaenoaey ethaeae, au?aaeaao eoia naycae e ioiioaiee
eiaeeaeaeia eo aeayoaeueiinoe.
Ec yoiai neaaeoao, /oi eco/aiea i?aaeiaoiie, i?aeoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe
ethaeae-iaiaoiaeeiay i?aaeiinueea enneaaeiaaiey iauanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee,
nioeeaeueiie i?aaiecaoeee iauanoaa. Iauanoaaiiua ioiioaiey e
aeayoaeueiinoue iaiouaieaiu ae?oa io ae?oaa, yoe yaeaiey acaeiinaycaiu,
oioy e ia oiaeaeanoaaiiua. Iauanoaaiiua ioiioaiey aunooiatho a ea/anoaa
oi?iu /aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe. Iiyaeaiea nioeeaeueiuo ii?i e
niciaoaeueiiai ii?iaoeaiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey naycaii n ia?aoiaeii io
aeeaioiie noaaeee ethaeae e /aeiaa/aneiio iauanoao, n i?ia?annii
nioeeaeecaoeee ioiioaiee n iiaaaeaieai /aeiaaea eae iniaiai
i?e?iaeii-aeieiae/aneiai e iauanoaaiiiai nouanoaa I.E. Iaoocia e
A.A.Iaeueei “Oai?ey ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa”. I?e iiiiue nioeeaeueiuo ii?i
aeinoeaaaony iaeaieaa oeaeaniia?aciia acaeiiaeaenoaea ethaeae, ?aoathony
caaea/e, eioi?ua ia iiae neeo ioaeaeueiiio /aeiaaeo.
Ethaee ia i?inoi “ioiinyony ae?oa e ae?oao “ ca eaoaai?eae “ioiioaiea”
noiyo eioa?anu /aeiaaea, aai iio?aaiinoe a iauaiee, ai acaeiiii iaiaia
iaoa?eaeueiuie e aeooiaiuie oeaiiinoyie. Eaaeaeiio oeio iauanoaaiiiai
?acaeoey, n aai iniaaiiinoyi i?iecaiaenoaa, iaoa?eaeueiie e aeooiaiie
eoeueoo?u i?enou naie oa?aeoa? iaiaia, iauaeoeae?othuaainy a onoie/eauo,
iiaoi?ythueony iauanoaaiiuo naycyo, oi?iao aeayoaeueiinoe ethaeae. Yoa
aeayoaeueiinoue iaioaeaeeia io niciaiey e aiee ethaeae, eioi?ua
yaeythony aa i?aaeiinueeie e ?aaoeyoi?ii, ii?aaeaeytho aa oeaee.
Nioeeaeueiua ii?iu ia?acothony a ?acoeueoaoa niciaoaeueii-aieaaie
aeayoaeueiinoe ethaeae eae aunoae oi?iu io?aaeaiey iauaeoeaiiai ie?a. A
naiae niaieoiiinoe iie au?aaeatho caeiiiia?iinoe iauanoaaiiiai ?acaeoey,
iiciaaaaiua ethaeueie a i?ioeanna iauaiey e inaiaiey ie?oaeathuae
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe e eiie?aoece?oaiua a aeaea nioeeaeueiuo ii?i A. I.
Iaiia “Oai?ey ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa”.Oae, aeey oiai /oiau iauanoai iiaei
nouanoaiaaoue, ethaee aeieaeiu i?iaeieaeaoue naie ?iae, aeiauaaoue
i?iaeoeou ieoaiey, niaethaeaoue yeaiaioa?iua cai?aou. Au?aaioea
niioaaonoaothueo i?aaee e yaeyaony niciaoaeueii aieaaie aeayoaeueiinoe
ethaeae ii ioiioaieth iauaeoeaiuo caeiiiia?iinoae iauanoaaiiiai
?acaeoey, a ?acoeueoaoa eioi?ie onoaiaaeeaathony nioeeaeueiua ii?iu.
Aeaenoaoy niciaoaeueii ethaee ia naiaiaeiu a auai?a oa?aeoa?a
aeayoaeueiinoe, o.e. aeieaeiu n/eoaoueny iauaeoeaiuie i?aaeiinueeaie
/aeiaa/aneiai nouanoaiaaiey. Noaay ia?aae niaie ii?aaeaeaiiua oeaee,
ethaee ia iiaoo ia o/eouaaoue oie iauaeoeaiie aeaoa?ieiaoeee, eioi?ay
i?aaenoaao eae iauanoaaiiay iaiaoiaeeiinoue.
Nioeeaeueiua ii?iu eiatho anaiauee oa?aeoa?. Au?aaeay ii?aaeaeaiiia
i?aaeei iiaaaeaiey, nioeeaeueiay ii?ia ?ani?ino?aiyao naia aeaenoaea ia
oieueei ia eiie?aoiia eeoei (o. a. eiaao ia eiie?aoiue oa?aeoa?), ii ia
anao eeoe, ieacaaoeony a noiaeiuo neooaoeeyo. Aeey nioeeaeueiuo ii?i
eiaiii eae aeey anaiaueo i?aaee iiaaaeaiey oa?aeoa?iu iiiaia?aiiinoue
i?eiaiaiey aeeeoaeueiinoue aeaenoaee, iaii?aaeaeaiiinoue aae?anaoa
(aae?anoaony anai, eoi ieacuaaaony a ii?aaeaeaiiii ea/anoaa, a
ii?aaeaeaiiuo oneiaeyo, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo nioeeaeueiuie ii?iaie) A. E.
O?iiaithe “Oai?ey ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa”.
Nioeeaeueiia acaeiiaeaenoaea ethaeae iauaeoeaii i?iyaeyaony a
iiaoi?ythueony aeoao i?iecaiaenoaa, iaiaia, ?ani?aaeaeaiey,
iiiaiia?aciuo iauanoaaiiuo naycyo e ioiioaieyo. Ia naiuo ?aiieo yoaiao
?acaeoey iauanoaa iaeiia?aiaiii n aicieeiiaaieai o?oaea e iaiaia
iiyaeyaony, e iio?aaiinoue eo oii?yaei/eoue. Iiiaie?aoiay iiaoi?yaiinoue
ii?aaeaeaiiuo aeoia aeayoaeueiinoe, yaeaiee e niauoee iniaay /a?oa
enoi?e/aneiai i?ioeanna, auyaeythuay aioo?aiithth caeiiiia?iinoue aai
?acaeoey.
Iiaeaiaey eoia auoaneacaiiiio iu iiaeai ioiaoeoue, /oi nioeeaeueiua
ii?iu yoi niciaoaeueii aieaaay aeayoaeueiinoue ethaeae,
iauaiaycaoaeueiua i?aaeea iiaaaeaiey ethaeae a eo acaeiiioiioaieyo
iaaeaeo niaie, ii?aaeaeyaiua a eiia/iii eoiaa iiuoii enoi?e/aneiai
?acaeoey, iaoeeiiaeueiuie iniaaiiinoyie, nouanoaothueie yeiiiie/aneeie e
iieeoe/aneeie ioiioaieyie e iaania/eaaaiua a eniieiaiea
niciaoaeueiinoueth iann, a oaeaea a iaiaoiaeeiuo neo/ayo ia?aie
ainoaea?noaaiiiai i?eioaeaeaiey, eeai iauanoaaiiui aicaeaenoaeai.
Nioeeaeueiay ii?ia ia i?inoi aano?aeoiia i?aaeei aeaeaaiiai iiaaaeaiey.
Iia icia/aao oaeaea e naii ?aaeueiia aeaenoaea, eioi?ia oaeoe/anee
ooaa?aeeeinue a aeecie, ia i?aeoeea. A yoii neo/aa aeaenoaeoaeueiua
iinooiee noaiiayony i?aaeeii I.E. Iaoocia e A.A.Iaeueei “Oai?ey
ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa”.
Oaeei ia?acii, nioeeaeueiay ii?ia oi?ie?oaony a oiaea niciaoaeueiie,
oeaeaiieaaathuae aeayoaeueiinoe ethaeae, iaoneiaeaiiie, a eiia/iii
n/aoa, iauaeoeaiuie oaeoi?aie, i?eaeathuei ii?iai “iauaeoeaioth
aeanoiinoue” I. E. Aiaiaaa “Nioeeaeueiua ii?iu e ?aaoeyoeey iiaaaeaiey”.
Iauaeoeaiue oa?aeoa? nioeeaeueiie ii?i ii?aaeaeyaony neaaeothueie
ianoiyoaeuenoaaie:
– nioeeaeueiua ii?iu aicieeatho ec iauaeoeaiie iio?aaiinoe nioeeaeueiuo
nenoai a naii ?aaoeyoeee, a iiaeaea?aeaiee noaaeeueiinoe e ii?yaeea
– ii?ia iaioaeaeeia io ioiioaiee iaiaia, oa?aeoa? eioi?uo oaeaea
aeaoa?ieie?iaai niiniaii i?iecaiaenoaa e ?ani?aaeaeaiey
– iaoa?eaeueiua e aeooiaiua aeaaa, aunooiathuea iauaeoii iaiaiiuo
iia?aoeee, ia i?iecaieueiu, a caaeaiu nouanoaothueie yeiiiie/aneeie e
nioeeaeueii eoeueoo?iuie oneiaeyie.
Aianoa n oai a nioeeaeueiie ii?ia iaeciaiii i?enoonoaotho noauaeoeaiua
ea/anoaa, iineieueeo iio?aaiinoue iauanoaa a iiaeaea?aeaiee onoie/eainoe
noauaeoeaii iniciaaony eeannaie, eiaeeaeaeaie, nioeeaeueiuie a?oiiaie.
?acoeueoaoii oaeiai iniciaiey yaeyaony no?aieaieai acyoue iiae caueoo
iaeio a?oiio ii?i “ia?ae?uoue” aeaenoaea ae?oaeo, i?eniiniaeoue
ii?aaeaeaiiua ii?iaoeaiua nenoaiu e iaeaieaa iioeiaeueiiio
ianeoaeeaaieth iaueo, eeanniauo eee a?oiiiauo eioa?ania. Oaeia
noauaeoeaiia iniciaiea nioeeaeueiie cia/eiinoe iauaeoeaiuo nioeeaeueiuo
ii?i ea?aao /?acau/aeii aaaeioth ?ieue a onoaiiaeaiee a iauanoaa
oeaiiinoiuo yoaeiiia e noaiaea?oia, oneeaiea aicaeaenoaey nioeeaeueiuo
ii?i ia niciaiea e iiaaaeaiea ethaeae.
Iu inoaiiaeiny ia neioaca iauaeoeaiiai e noauaeoeaiiai a nioeeaeueiie
ii?ia, iineieueeo ii yoiio aii?ino nouanoaotho ?acee/iua oi/ee c?aiey.
Iaeia ec ieo ninoieo a eiinoaoaoeee iauaeoeaiie i?e?iaeu, nioeeaeueiie
ii?iu, aicieeathuae a iiaoi?ythueony iauanoaaiiuo e au?aaeathuae eo
aioo?aiiea caeiiiia?iua nayce. Noi?iiieee aeaiiie iiceoeee auaiaeyo
nioeeaeueioth ii?io ec aeayoaeueiinoe ethaeae “aeayoaeueiinoue
“ii?iaoeaia” ecia/aeueii “ii?iu” i?enoonoaotho a oie eee eiie noaiaie ia
anao aa yoaiao” Y.N. Nieieia “Eoeueoo?a e ee/iinoue”.Iauaeoeaiue
oa?aeoa? nioeeaeueiuo ii?i ionoaeaatho I. E. Aiaiaaa I. E. Aiaiaaa
“Nioeeaeueiua ii?iu e ?aaoeyoeey iiaaaeaiey”
, N. Aieneiia N. Aieneiia “Ii?aeue eae noi?iia iauanoaaiiie aeecie”,
A.A?iaeee A. A?iaeee “Ia?eneneay oai?ey ioeaiee”.
Ae?oaay oi/ea c?aiey caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi nioeeaeueiay ii?ia –
yeaiaio iauanoaaiiiai e eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai niciaiey, i?iaeoeo
niaoeeaeece?iaaiiie eaeaieiae/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe ?acee/iuo noauaeoia
ii?iioai?/anoaa yoo oi/eo c?aiey ?acaeaeytho aieueoeinoai th?enoia: I.A.
Aeeothe, A.A. Ooaeia, I.E.Eictha?a e o.ae..
Iaicia/ay naith iiceoeeth ii yoiio aii?ino oi/o ioiaoeoue, /oi i?ioeann
noaiiaeaiey, oi?ie?iaaiey nioeeaeueiuo ii?i oaeoi? noauaeoeaiue.
Au?aaaouaathony iie ethaeueie. Ae?oaia aeaei, /oi ioaeaea a ieo
aeeeooaony iauaeoeaiie iaiaoiaeeiinoueth.
Nioeeaeueiua ii?iu /?acau/aeii ?aciiia?aciu, iineieueeo ?aciiia?aciu e
?aaoee?oaiua eie iauanoaaiiua ioiioaiey. TH?eaee/aneay iaoea
iiae?acaeaeyao nioeeaeueiua ii?iu enoiaey ec oaeeo e?eoa?eaa eae:
– niinia oi?ie?iaaiey
– noa?a aeaenoaey
– nioeeaeueiay iai?aaeaiiinoue
N yoie oi/ee c?aiey auaeaeythony:
I?AAIAUA II?IU: iie cae?aieythony a caeiiao ecaeaaaaiuo ainoaea?noaii,
/aoei iienuaaao a?aieoeo iiaaaeaiey e iaeacaiey ca eo ia?ooaiea. Iie
aunooiatho a ea/anoaa iniiaiuo ioieoia nin?aaeioi/aiey, ii?aaeaeytho
/a?ou anae nenoaiu e oa?aeoa? acaeiiioiioaiee iaaeaeo aa /anoyie.
Niaethaeaiea i?aaiauo ii?i iaania/eaaaony neeie ainoaea?noaa. I?e yoii
th?eaee/aneea ii?iu, ii iiaieth N.N.Aeaenaaaa aeieaeiu ?aaeaiaioe?iaaoue
iiaaaeaiea ethaeae n oaeei ?an/aoii, /oiau ?ac?aoaeenue anaaiciiaeiua
eiioeeeou, noieeiiaaiey eioa?ania N.N.Aeaenaaa “Oai?ey i?aaa”. Aei neo
ii? oaiiiai i?aaiauo ii?i inaauaeny a aeaiiie ?aaioa eeoue i?e
aeneiiaoe/aneii oneiaee eo oi?ie?iaaiey e ?aaeecaoeee a iauanoaa,
anoanoaaiiie /a?oie eioi?iai yaeyaony iieeoe/aneee, yeiiiie/aneee e
eoeueoo?iue ieth?aeeci (yoi, iaeiaei, ia neaaeoao i?ioeaiiinoaaeyoue
th?eaee/aneiio aaeeiiia?aceth, ?aaainoao anao noauaeoia iauanoaaiiuo
ioiioaiee ia?aae caeiiii). A oneiaeyo aea oioaeeoa?iuo
?aaeeiia (eiaaea i aeaaainoaothuae ?iee i?aaa oaea ia iiaeao
eaeoe ?a/e), i?aaenoaaeaiea i nenoaia oi?ie?iaaiey i?aaa, a,
neaaeiaaoaeueii – e th?eaee/aneeo ii?i iau/ii iiaeiaiyeinue
oacenii i ainoaea?noaa eae i aaeeinoaaiiii enoi/ieea i?aaa.
N?aaenoaa iaania/aiey auiieiaiey i?aaiauo ii?i, eae i?aaeei,
ia?aie/eaaeenue eeoue ia?aie i?eioaeeoaeueiiai, ianeeuenoaaiiiai
aicaeaenoaey. Aeaiiay oae iacuaaaiay “ ii?iaoeaiay “ oai?ey i?aaa
yaeeanue iiiuoeie ioeoeeaeueiiai ii?aaaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiiai
i?iecaiea.
Ii/ao aeey oioaeeoa?iuo ?aaeeiia nicaeaao e iiae/eiaiiia
iieiaeaiea th?eaee/aneeo ii?i a ioiioaiee ii?i iieeoe/aneeo. A
niaaoneii iauanoaa, iai?eia?, i?ei?eoao iieeoeee aunooiae eae
iai?aeiaeiue caeii. Ia?oeeiua aee?aeoeau i?aaeoanoaiaaee i?eiyoeth
caeiiia, ieacuaaee aeoeaiia aicaeaenoaea ia i?aanoaaiiinoue,
ynoaoeeo, i?aaeaeueii ia?aie/eaaee naiaiaeo niaanoe, a noaei
auoue, e aeaenoaea ii?aeueiuo e ?aeeaeiciuo ii?i. Oe?ieia
?ani?ino?aiaiea iieo/eea aani?aoeaaeaioiay oi?ia ?aaoee?iaaiey –
niaianoiua aeou ia?oeeiuo e ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia. I?yiui
?acoeueoaoii io?eoeaiey i?ei?eoaoa i?aaa iaae iieeoe/aneie
aeanoueth yaeyaony ainoaea?noaaiiia ianeeea. Ainoaea?noai naiaiaeii
a auai?a niaea?aeaiey caeiia, eai aeaenoaoao aia caaeneiinoe io
iauaeoeaii aicieeathueo i?aaiauo ii?i e naycuaaao ?aaeecaoeeth
caeiia ia n aai iauaeoeaiie iaoneiaeaiiinoueth, a i?aeiouanoaaiii n
ia?aie i?eioaeaeaiey. Oaeei ia?acii, iiaeiaiay aeanoue ia eiaao
ieeaeie i?aaiaie aacu, e auioaeaeaia i?aa?aoeoue ianeeea a
aaeeinoaaiiia n?aaenoai io?aiu iieeoe/aneiai ?aaeeia.
Aua iaeiie iniaaiiinoueth oioaeeoa?iuo ?aaeeiia /anoi
yaeythony iaaaeaeaaoiua ia?u aicaeaenoaey ca ia?ooaiea
th?eaee/aneeo ii?i. Iauyniaiea yoiai yaeaiey, eacaeinue au,
iai?aoeaaaony naii niaie: anee ainoaea?noai a ninoiyiee iaania/eoue
naaa iiaeiiaaiea iooai aicaoaeaeaiey iioeaaoeee e i?aaiia?iiio
iiaaaeaieth oa?icie e no?aaeaieth, oi aeey aeinoeaeaiey iaeeo/oaai
?acoeueoaoa aio, ii-aeaeeiiio, inoaaony oieueei oneeeaaoue oa?ico.
Iiaeieiay noaiaiue no?aaeaiey, eioi?ui a?icyo ii?iu i?aaa a
neo/aa eo ia?ooaiey, ainoaea?noai niiniaii i?aiaeieaoue ana
iioeau e iaania/eoue eaeaaeueiia iiaeiiaaiea. Iaeiaei, eae
ioia/aaony a oai?aoe/aneie eeoa?aoo?a “ yoiio auaiaeo i?ioeai?a/eo
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue, eioi?ay iieacuaaao, /oi /ai eoeueoo?iaa
ainoaea?noai, oai iaiueoeie oneeeyie aeinoeaaao iii iaeaieueoeo
?acoeueoaoia. ” A.O. Oa?oaiaae/. “ Iauay oai?ey i?aaa “. I. 1995.
O.1.
Aei neo ii? oaiiiai i?aaiauo ii?i inaauaeny a aeaiiie ?aaioa eeoue
i?e aeneiiaoe/aneii oneiaee eo oi?ie?iaaiey e ?aaeecaoeee a iauanoaa,
anoanoaaiiie /a?oie eioi?iai yaeyaony iieeoe/aneee, yeiiiie/aneee e
eoeueoo?iue ieth?aeeci (yoi, iaeiaei, ia neaaeoao i?ioeaiiinoaaeyoue
th?eaee/aneiio aaeeiiia?aceth, ?aaainoao anao noauaeoia iauanoaaiiuo
ioiioaiee ia?aae caeiiii). A oneiaeyo aea oioaeeoa?iuo
?aaeeiia (eiaaea i aeaaainoaothuae ?iee i?aaa oaea ia iiaeao
eaeoe ?a/e), i?aaenoaaeaiea i nenoaia oi?ie?iaaiey i?aaa, a,
neaaeiaaoaeueii – e th?eaee/aneeo ii?i iau/ii iiaeiaiyeinue
oacenii i ainoaea?noaa eae i aaeeinoaaiiii enoi/ieea i?aaa.
N?aaenoaa iaania/aiey auiieiaiey i?aaiauo ii?i, eae i?aaeei,
ia?aie/eaaeenue eeoue ia?aie i?eioaeeoaeueiiai, ianeeuenoaaiiiai
aicaeaenoaey. Aeaiiay oae iacuaaaiay “ ii?iaoeaiay “ oai?ey i?aaa
yaeeanue iiiuoeie ioeoeeaeueiiai ii?aaaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiiai
i?iecaiea.
Ii/ao aeey oioaeeoa?iuo ?aaeeiia nicaeaao e iiae/eiaiiia
iieiaeaiea th?eaee/aneeo ii?i a ioiioaiee ii?i iieeoe/aneeo. A
niaaoneii iauanoaa, iai?eia?, i?ei?eoao iieeoeee aunooiae eae
iai?aeiaeiue caeii. Ia?oeeiua aee?aeoeau i?aaeoanoaiaaee i?eiyoeth
caeiiia, ieacuaaee aeoeaiia aicaeaenoaea ia i?aanoaaiiinoue,
ynoaoeeo, i?aaeaeueii ia?aie/eaaee naiaiaeo niaanoe, a noaei
auoue, e aeaenoaea ii?aeueiuo e ?aeeaeiciuo ii?i. Oe?ieia
?ani?ino?aiaiea iieo/eea aani?aoeaaeaioiay oi?ia ?aaoee?iaaiey –
niaianoiua aeou ia?oeeiuo e ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia. I?yiui
?acoeueoaoii io?eoeaiey i?ei?eoaoa i?aaa iaae iieeoe/aneie
aeanoueth yaeyaony ainoaea?noaaiiia ianeeea. Ainoaea?noai naiaiaeii
a auai?a niaea?aeaiey caeiia, eai aeaenoaoao aia caaeneiinoe io
iauaeoeaii aicieeathueo i?aaiauo ii?i e naycuaaao ?aaeecaoeeth
caeiia ia n aai iauaeoeaiie iaoneiaeaiiinoueth, a i?aeiouanoaaiii n
ia?aie i?eioaeaeaiey. Oaeei ia?acii, iiaeiaiay aeanoue ia eiaao
ieeaeie i?aaiaie aacu, e auioaeaeaia i?aa?aoeoue ianeeea a
aaeeinoaaiiia n?aaenoai io?aiu iieeoe/aneiai ?aaeeia.
Aua iaeiie iniaaiiinoueth oioaeeoa?iuo ?aaeeiia /anoi
yaeythony iaaaeaeaaoiua ia?u aicaeaenoaey ca ia?ooaiea
th?eaee/aneeo ii?i. Iauyniaiea yoiai yaeaiey, eacaeinue au,
iai?aoeaaaony naii niaie: anee ainoaea?noai a ninoiyiee iaania/eoue
naaa iiaeiiaaiea iooai aicaoaeaeaiey iioeaaoeee e i?aaiia?iiio
iiaaaeaieth oa?icie e no?aaeaieth, oi aeey aeinoeaeaiey iaeeo/oaai
?acoeueoaoa aio, ii-aeaeeiiio, inoaaony oieueei oneeeaaoue oa?ico.
Iiaeieiay noaiaiue no?aaeaiey, eioi?ui a?icyo ii?iu i?aaa a
neo/aa eo ia?ooaiey, ainoaea?noai niiniaii i?aiaeieaoue ana
iioeau e iaania/eoue eaeaaeueiia iiaeiiaaiea. Iaeiaei, eae
ioia/aaony a oai?aoe/aneie eeoa?aoo?a “ yoiio auaiaeo i?ioeai?a/eo
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue, eioi?ay iieacuaaao, /oi /ai eoeueoo?iaa
ainoaea?noai, oai iaiueoeie oneeeyie aeinoeaaao iii iaeaieueoeo
?acoeueoaoia. ” A.O. Oa?oaiaae/. “ Iauay oai?ey i?aaa “. I. 1995.
O.1.
II?AEUeIUA II?IU: ii?aeueiua ii?iu oi?ie?othony a i?ioeanna
ooaa?aeaeaiey, ?acaeoey ii?aeueiuo acaeyaeia. Ii?aeue – yoi acaeyaeu,
i?aaenoaaeaiey e i?aaeea, aicieeathuea eae iaiin?aaenoaaiiia io?aaeaiea
oneiaee iauanoaaiiie aeecie a niciaiee ethaeae a aeaea eaoaai?ee
ni?aaaaeeeainoe e iani?aaaaeeeainoe, aeia?a e cea e o. ae. Ii?aeue
ioaaouaaao ii/oe ana noa?u iauanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee (a oii /enea e
ioiioaiee o?aaoee?iaaiiuo i?aaii)
Ii?iu ii?aee ii naiaio i?ienoiaeaeaieth ia naycaiu n ainoaea?noaaiiie
aeanoueth, iie nouanoaotho onoii e ?aaeecothony ia iniiaa aioo?aiiaai
oaaaeaeaiey /aeiaaea, ia iniiaa aioo?aiiaai iauanoaaiiiai iiaiey.
Niaethaeaiea ii?aeueiuo i?aaee iaania/eaaaony aaoi?eoaoii eieeaeoeaiiai
niciaiey e eo ia?ooaiea ano?a/aao iauanoaaiiia inoaeaeaiea.
Nouanoaoao oi/ea c?aiey, /oi, i?aanoaaiiua caeiiu caeiaeaiu a naiie
i?e?iaea /aeiaaea. Aiaoia iie i?iyaeythony a caaeneiinoe io oie eee eiie
aeeciaiiie neooaoeee, a eioi?ie ieacuaaaony eiaeeaeae. Ae?oaea aea
eaoaai?e/anee ooaa?aeaeatho, /oi ii?iu i?aanoaaiiinoe – yoi o?aaiaaiea,
ia?auaiiua e /aeiaaeo ec aia A.E.O?iiaithe “Oai?ey ainoaea?noaa e
i?aaa”.
Aeaeeii, iao iniiaaiee i?iaiaeeoue ?acaeaeaiea iaaeaeo
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiui e nioeeaeueiui oa?aeoa?ii i?aanoaaiiuo o?aaiaaiee,
iineieueeo a ieo i?aaie/anee ia?aieaoathony yeaiaiou oiai e ae?oaiai.
Ii?aeueiua ii?iu ?aaoee?otho ia “aioo?aiiee” ie? /aeiaaea, a ioiioaiey
iaaeaeo ethaeueie. A eiia/iii n/aoa, eo ?aaeecaoeey caaeneo io
i?aanoaaiiie c?aeinoe /aeiaaea, i?i/iinoe aai ii?aeueiuo aicc?aiee.
Niaethaeaiea ii?aeueiuo i?aaee iaania/eaaaony aaoi?eoaoii eieeaeoeaiiai
niciaiey, eo ia?ooaiea ano?a/aao iauanoaaiiia inoaeaeaiea.
IIEEOE*ANEEA II?IU: i?aaeea, ?aaoee?othuea ioiioaiey ii iiaiaeo
inouanoaeaiey iieeoe/aneie aeanoe, oi?aaeaiey iauanoaii. I?iyaeythony
eae ai aioo?eainoaea?noaaiiuo, oae e ai aiaoieo ioiioaieyo n ae?oaeie
no?aiaie e ia?iaeaie. Iie ninoiyo ec i?aaee iiaaaeaiey ?aaoee?othueo
ioiioaiee iaaeaeo ainoaea?noaaie, nioeeaeueiuie a?oiiaie, ia?oeyie, a
noa?a inouanoaeaiey iieeoe/aneie aeanoe.
YNOAOE*ANEEA II?IU: iie cae?aieytho i?aaenoaaeaiey i i?ae?aniii e
aacia?aciui ia oieueei a ooaeiaeanoaaiiii oai?/anoaa, ii e a iiaaaeaiee
ethaeae, a i?iecaiaenoaa e a auoo. Iaeiei, neiaii yoi i?aaeea naycaiiua
n i?aaenoaaeaieyie i e?anioa /aeiaa/aneeo iinooieia. Iaaaoeaiua ioeaiee
a yoii neo/aa ni/aoathony n ii?aeueiui ii?eoeaieai.
?AEEAEICIUA II?IU: yoi onoaiiaeaiiua ?aeeaeiciuie i?aaiecaoeeyie eee
au?aaioaiiua a oiaea iauanoaaiiie i?aeoeee i?aaeea iiaaaeaiey ethaeae a
iaeanoe aa?ieniiaaaeaiey ii niaea?aeaieth iiiaea ec ieo aunooiatho, eae
ii?iu ii?aee, a oaeaea nii?eeanathony n i?aaiauie ii?iaie oae
?aeeaeiciua ii?iu a caiiaaaeyo onoaiaaeeaatho “ia oaee, ia oe?aaee” oae
e i?aaiaua cai?auatho oaeea aeaenoaey. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy
?ani?ino?aiaiiui enoi/ieeii i?aaa a a?aaneeo no?aiao inoathony
ionoeueiaineia ?aeeaeiciua aicc?aiey. Nooue noie ?aeeaee ninoieo a oii,
/oi iia, ai-ia?auo, onoaiaaeeaaao aeiaiu e ooi/iyao, ai /oi ionoeueiaiei
aeieaeai aa?eoue, e, ai-aoi?uo, i?aaeienuaaao aa?othuei, /oi iie
aeieaeiu e /aai ia aeieaeiu aeaeaoue. Oae iacuaaaiue “oa?”, eee “oa?eao”
(a ia?aaiaea “oa?eao” icia/aao “iooue neaaeiaaiey”), e ninoaaeyao oi,
/oi iacuaatho ionoeueiaineei i?aaii. ?aeeaeiciua ii?iu iaania/eaathony
aaoi?eoaoii aicaeaenoaeai ?aeeaeiciie i?aaiecaoeee e eeoe,
eniiaaaeothueo aeaiioth ?aeeaeth. A iaoae no?aia aei Ieoya?ueneeo
niauoee 1917 aiaea ?yae a?a/ii-naiaeiuo e iaeioi?uo eiuo ii?i,
i?eciaaaaiuo e onoaiiaeaiiie i?aaineaaiie oea?eiaueth, aue ninoaaiie
/anoueth i?aaiaie nenoaiu. Iinea i?eiyoey eiinoeoooeee 1917 aiaea, a
eioi?ie auei cae?aieaii ioaeaeaiea oea?eae io ainoaea?noaa yoe ii?iu
oo?aoeee th?eaee/aneee oa?aeoa?.
A ia?aua aiaeu niaaoneie aeanoe aeiioneaeinue i?eiaiaiea ii?i
ionoeueiaineiai i?aaa (oa?eaoa) a iaeioi?uo ?aeiiao N?aaeiae Acee e
Eaaeaca.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ii?iu, onoaiiaeaiiua ?aeeaeiciuie i?aaiecaoeeyie,
nii?eeanathony n aeaenoaothuei i?aaii a ?yaea ioiioaiee. Eiinoeoooeey
nicaea?o i?aaiaoth iniiao aeayoaeueiinoe ?aeeaeiciuo i?aaiecaoeee,
aa?aioe?oy eaaeaeiio naiaiaeo niaanoe, aeeth/ay i?aai naiaiaeii
eniiaaaeiaaoue eiaeeaeaeoaeueii eee niaianoii n ae?oaeie ethaoth
?aeeaeth eee ia eniiaaaeiaaoue ieeaeie, naiaiaeii auae?aoue eiaoue e
?ani?ino?aiyoue ?aeeaeiciua e eiua oaaaeaeaiey e aeaenoaiaaoue a
niioaaonoaee n ieie Eiinoeoooeey ?.O. noaouey 28.?aeeaeiciui
iauaaeeiaieyi iiaeao i?aaeinoaaeyoueny noaoon th?eaee/aneiai eeoea. Iie
a i?aaa eiaoue o?aiu, o/aaiua caaaaeaiey, eoeueoiaia e ae?oaia
eiouanoai, iaiaoiaeeiia aeey ?aeeaeiciuo oeaeae. Ii?iu, niaea?aeaueany a
onoaaao niioaaonoaothueo th?eaee/aneeo eeoe, ii?aaeaeythuea eo
i?aainiiniaiinoue e aeaaniiniaiinoue, eiatho th?eaee/aneee oa?aeoa?.
A?aaeaeaieio ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee i?aaeinoaaeaii i?aai caiaiyoue
aiaiioth neoaeao auiieiaieai aeueoa?iaoeaiie a?aaeaeaineie neoaeau, anee
ianaiea aiaiiie neoaeau i?ioeai?a/eo aai oaaaeaeaieyi eee
aa?ieniiaaaeaieth Eiinoeoooeey ?.O. noaouey 59 /anoue 3. Aa?othuea
eiatho aiciiaeiinoue aani?aiyonoaaiii niaa?oaoue ?aeeaeiciua ia?yaeu
naycaiiua n anooieaieai a a?ae, ?iaeaeaieai ?aa?iea, e ae?oaea, iaeiaei
th?eaee/aneia cia/aiea a nayce n yoeie niauoeyie eiatho eeoue
aeieoiaiou, iieo/aiiua a i?aaiao caiene aeoia a?aaeaeaineiai ninoiyiey.
Iaeioi?ua ?aeeaeiciua i?acaeieee ioeoeeaeueii i?eciaiu ainoaea?noaii n
o/?oii enoi?e/aneeo o?aaeeoeee.
EI?II?AOEAIUA II?IU: anoue onoaiiaeaiiua i?aaeea iiaaaeaiey, au?aaeaiiua
a onoaaao, iieiaeaieyo, ?aoaieyo iauanoaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee aeey
?aaeecaoeee e aeinoeaeaiey oeaeae eo ooieoeeiie?iaaiey. Iie ?aaoee?otho
ioiioaiey aioo?e aeaiiie i?aaiecaoeee, ii?yaeie aa aeayoaeueiinoe,
acaeiiioiioaiey, ninoaaeythueo aeaiioth i?aaiecaoeeth, ii?yaeie
anooieaiey e auoiaea ec aeaiiie i?aaiecaoeee. Ei?ii?aoeaiua ii?iu
iaania/eaathony ia?aie, i?aaeoniio?aiiuie aeaiiie iauanoaaiiie
i?aaiecaoeeae. Niaoeeoe/aneay eo iniaaiiinoue ninoieo a oii. *oi eo
aeaenoaea ia?aie/aii i?aaeaeaie oie eee eiie iauanoaaiiie i?aaiecaoeee e
aneaaenoaea yoiai, eae n/eoaao N.N.Aeaenaaa, iinyo eieaeueiue oa?aeoa?
N.N. Aeaenaaa “Oai?ey i?aaa”. Ei?ii?aoeaiua ii?iu noiyo ia nouea iaaeaeo
i?aanoaaiiuie e i?aaiauie ii?iaie. N i?aaii ii?iu iauanoaaiiuo
i?aaiecaoeee iauaaeeiyao eo oi?iaeueiay ii?aaeaeaiiinoue, /aoeay
eiinoaoaoeey i?aa e iaycaiiinoae, a oaeaea naieoeee i?eiaiyaiua ca eo
ia?ooaiea. Ii?iu iauanoaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee oanii naycaiu n
i?aanoaaiiinoueth aaeeinoaii i?eioeeiia.
Iniaia iieiaeaiea a nenoaia nioeeaeueiuo ii?i caieiatho
II?IU IAU*AAA, O?AAeEOeEE: yoi oaeea i?aaeea iiaaaeaiey, eioi?ua
neeaaeuaathony a ii?aaeaeaiiie iauanoaaiiie n?aaea, ia?aaeathony ec
iieieaiey a iieieaiea, aunooiatho anoanoaaiiie aeeciaiiie iio?aaiinoueth
ethaeae, e a ?acoeueoaoa eo iiiaie?aoiiai iiaoi?aiey noaiiayony aeey ieo
i?eau/eaie. Iau/ae eiaaea-oi auee eeai ii?aeueiuie, eeai ?aeeaeiciuie
ii?iaie, ii ni a?aiaiai eo enoeiiia cia/aiea auei caauoi. Ethaee,
neaaeoy iau/ayi, oaea ia aiai?yo, oi?io eee ieio oio eee eiie aa?eaio
iiaaaeaiey, a iinooiatho ii?aaeaeaiiui ia?acii a neeo i?eau/ee. Iiiaea
iau/ae neeaaeuaathony ia ii?aaeaeaiiie oa??eoi?ee, iinyo iaoeeiiaeueiue
oa?aeoa? e oaa?aei oei?aiythony a iauanoaaiiie aeecie. Iau/ae iie?aaony
ia neeo i?eau/ee e nouanoaoao a neeo iaee/ey oaeoe/aneeo ioiioaiee.
Caeanue i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe niaiaaeatho, yoi yaeyaony aeaaiui ioee/eai
aai io ae?oaeo nioeeaeueiuo ii?i. A yoii au?aaeaaony aai ?aaoeyoeaiay
iniaaiiinoue. O?aaeeoeee ii n?aaiaieth n iau/ayie eiatho ai?acaei
iaiueooth enoi?eth, a a aoaeouei iie iiaoo ia?a?anoe a iau/ae N.A.
Eiia?ia “Iauay oai?ey ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa”.
I?eaaaeaiiay auoa eeanneoeeaoeey anoue iauai?eiyoay e iaeaieaa
?ani?ino?aiaiiay.
Nioeeaeueiua ii?iu i?eia?aoatho ea/anoai th?eaee/aneeo aneaaenoaea
oiai, /oi iauaeoeaii niinianoaotho ooieoeeiie?iaaieth nioeeaeueiiai
oeaeiai ii?aaeaeyy iaeeiaeiaue aeey anao ianooaa iiaaaeaiey o/anoieeia
iauanoaaiiie aeecie, iie iaania/eaatho eo eae yeaiaioia aaeeiie
nioeeaeueiie nenoaiu e cae?aieytho nayce iiiaeanoaa ioaeaeueiuo
eiaeeaeaeia a eieeaeoea, iauanoai. Ana nioeeaeueiua ii?iu a eo
niaieoiiinoe e acaeiinayce iacuaathony i?aaeeaie /aeiaa/aneiai
iauaaeeoey. I?aai cae?aieyao oneiaey, i?e eioi?uo eiaeeaeae a ninoiyiee
oaeiaeaoai?eoue naie iio?aaiinoe, eeoue oaeiaeaoai?ea iio?aaiinoe
ae?oaiai. Ianniaua ianiaethaeaiey yoeo oneiaee iiaeao i?eaanoe e
?ac?ooaieth aaeaina iauanoaaiiuo naycae oie iniiau, ia eioi?ie
aea?aeeony nia?aiaiiay nioeeaeueiay nenoaia, iiyoiio ii?iu eo
cae?aieythuea iauaiaycaoaeueiu. Aini?eieiay eo e neaaeoy ei, /aeiaae
aeeth/aaony a nenoaio iauanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee, iieo/aao aiciiaeiinoue
ii?iaeueiiai acaeiiaeaenoaiaaoue n ae?oaeie ethaeueie, n ?acee/iuie
i?aaiecaoeeyie, n iauanoaii a oeaeii. Aicaeaenoaea nioeeaeueiuo ii?i ia
iiaaaeaiea ee/iinoe i?aaeiieaaaao, ai-ia?auo, cia/aiea nioeeaeueiie
ii?iu e aa iniciaiea, ai-aoi?uo, iioea (aeaeaiea neaaeiaaoue yoie ii?ia)
e, a-o?aoueeo, naii aeaenoaea (?aaeueiia iiaaaeaiea) E.I. Aiaiethaia e
A.TH. Eacaaieeiaa “*aeiaae e iauanoai”
E?eceniia ninoiyiea iaoaai iauanoaa o?aaoao niaethaeaiey anao
nioeeaeueiuo ii?i e iniaaiii, oaeeo eae i?aaiaua, i?aanoaaiiua,
iieeoe/aneea, eai eiaiii ionooieaiea io ieo, o. a. io aaeaie
au?aaioaiiuo iniia, auoey yaeeinue, a eiia/iii n/aoa, iaeiie i?e/ei
aicieeiiaaiey o?oaeiinoae.
2. Ioeeiiythuaany iiaaaeaiea
Aeaeaei ia anaaaea iiaaaeaiea ethaeae niioaaonoaoao nioeeaeueiui ii?iai.
Iai?ioea, ai iiiaeanoaa neo/aaa i?ienoiaeeo eo ianiaethaeaiea,
ia?ooaiea. Iiaaaeaiea, eioi?ia ia niaeanoaony n ii?iaie, ia
niioaaonoaoao oiio, /aai aeae?o io /aeiaaea iauanoai, iacuaaaony
ioeeiiythueiny iiaaaeaieai. Nioeeieiae aeatho e ae?oaia ii?aaeaeaiea:
ioeeiiythuaany iiaaaeaiea-yoi oi?ia aeaci?aaiecaoeee iiaaaeaiey a a?oiia
eee eaoaai?ee eeoe a iauanoaa, iaia?oaeeaathuay ianiioaaonoaea
neiaeeaoeiny iaeeaeaieyi, ii?aeueiui e i?aaiaui o?aaiaaieyi iauanoaa.
Eaeiau i?e/eiu ioeeiiaiey io nioeeaeueiuo ii?i? Enneaaeiaaoaee eiatho
?acee/iua oi/ee c?aiey ii yoiio aii?ino. A eiioea XIXa. Auei auaeaeiooi
aeieiae/aneia iauyniaiea i?e/ei ioeeiiaiey io nioeeaeueiuo ii?i.
Eoaeueyineee a?a/ *. Eiia?ici ooaa?aeaeae, /oi oei /aeiaaea, neeiiiiai e
ioeeiiaieth io nioeeaeueiuo ii?i, yoi ?acoeueoao aeaa?aaeaoeee /aeiaaea
e aieaa ?aiiei noaaeeyi /aeiaa/aneie yaiethoeee. A aeaeueiaeoei o/?iua
ia?aoeee aieiaiea ia oi, /oi iaeioi?ua aeieiae/aneea iniaaiiinoe
/aeiaaea (iai?eia?, iaeaiueeee ?ino) iiaoo iiaeeyoue ia ineoeeo;
oece/aneee iaaeinoaoie noaiiaeony i?aaeiaoii ianiaoae ie?oaeathueo e
aucuaaao ioaaoioth ?aaeoeeth a oi?ia ioeeiiythuaainy iiaaaeaiey.
Ecaanoiue nioeeieia Y. Aeth?eaaei iieacae i?e/eiu ioiioaiee io
nioeeaeueiuo ii?iu a nayce n e?eceniuie yaeaieyie a iauanoaaiiii
?acaeoee. Ai a?aiy e?ecenia, ?aaeeeaeueiuo ia?aiai, a oneiaeyo
aeaci?aaiecaoeee nioeeaeueiie aeecie (iaiaeeaeaiiua yeiiiie/aneea
niaaeu, iaaeaiea aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe, eioeyoeey) aeeciaiiie iiuo
/aeiaaea ia?anoaao niioaaonoaiaaoue eaeaaeai, aiieiuaiiui a nioeeaeueiuo
ii?iao. Nioeeaeueiua ii?iu ?ac?ooathony, ethaee oa?ytho i?eaioaoeeth.
Iaaaoeaiua ioeeiiaiey io nioeeaeueiuo ii?i ia o?iaia ee/iinoe
i?iyaeythony, i?aaeaea anaai, a i?anooieaieyo e eiuo i?aaiia?ooaieyo. Ia
o?iaia iaeuo nioeeaeueiuo a?oii yoe ioeeiiaiey i?iyaeythony a
aeaoi?iaoeeyo, ia?ooaieyo ii?iaeueiuo acaeiiioiioaiee ethaeae (?acaei?u,
neaiaeaeu e o.ae.). I?iyaeaiey ioeeiiythuaainy iiaaaeaiey noieue aea
?aciiia?aciu, eae iiiaiia?aciu nioeeaeueiua ii?iu. Ia iaiaa ?aciiia?aciu
iineaaenoaey yoeo ioeeiiaiee. Eo iauay /a?oa: a?aae, oua?a, iaiineiue
iauanoao. Iniai iianiu nioeeaeueiua ioeeiiaiey eae ianniaia yaeaiea. Ii
ioiioaieth e eeoeai, aeiioneathuei iaaaoeaiia ioeeiiaiea io ii?i,
iauanoai i?eiaiyao nioeeaeueiua naieoeee. Neaaua oi?iu ioeeiiythuaainy
iiaaaeaiey ei??aeoe?othony ae?oaeie ethaeueie. Aieaa cia/eoaeueiua oi?iu
nioeeaeueiuo ioeeiiaiee a caaeneiinoe io eo iineaaenoaee aeaeoo ca niaie
inoaeaeaiea e iaeacaiea, enoiaeyueo ia oieueei io iauanoaaiiinoe, ii e
io ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia.
3. Oaoie/aneea ii?iu e eo eeanneoeeaoeey e acaeiiaeaenoaea n
nioeeaeueiuie ii?iaie
i?aaiaaaeu eae aoiaieoa?ee ia caieiathony oaoie/aneeie ii?iaie yoi ia eo
caaea/a. Iie nii?eeanathony n ieie eeoue iinoieueeo, iineieueeo yoi
iaiaoiaeeii a naiae iaeanoe.
Naii iacaaiea oaoie/aneea ii?i aiai?eo ia eo niaoeeoe/aneii
niaea?aeaiee, i oii, /oi iie aeaenoaotho a noa?a oaoieee, a noa?a
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea, a noa?a aicaeaenoaey /aeiaaea
ia i?e?iaeo, i?aaeiaou aiaoiaai ie?a.
*oiau noaoue ii?iie, oaoie/aneia i?aaeei aeieaeii i?eia?anoe /a?ou
i?aaeea iauaai oa?aeoa?a, aeieaeii noaoue ia?ie iiaaaeaiey ia
ioaeaeueiiai eiaeeaeaea, a eieeaeoeaa. Iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue, /oi
i?aaeea, ninoaaeythuea niaea?aeaiea ae?oaeo nioeeaeueiuo ii?i, oaeaea ia
n?aco noaiiaeony ii?iaie, e iie iiaoo ?ac?aaaouaaoueny ioaeaeueiuie
eiaeeaeaeaie. Ia ioaeaeueiii yoaia e yoe i?aaeea aeieaeii eee aiciiaeii
iiaoo auoue noaeaeaieai eeoue ioaeaeueiuo eiaeeaeaeia. E aei oao, iiea
i?aaeei ia i?eia?aoao iauaai cia/aiey, iii ia noaiiaeony ii?iie.
Oaoie/aneea i?aaeea, i?eiyaoea iauee oa?aeoa?, oi anoue, noaaoea
ii?iaie, iiaeaea?aeeaathony oaeaea iauanoaaiiui iiaieai. Eo ia?ooaiea
aucuaaao io?eoeaoaeueiia iiaiea iauanoaa ia iaiueoa /ai ia?ooaiea
iau/aaa, ii?i ii?aee. Oaoie/aneea ii?iu, eae e ae?oaea ii?iu
?aaoee?othuea iiaaaeaiea ethaeae, yaeythony i?iaeoeoii niciaoaeueii
aieaaie aeayoaeueiinoueth ethaeae. A ioee/ea io iauaeoeaiuo caeiiia
i?e?iaeu e iauanoaa, aeaenoaothueo iacaaeneii io aiee e niciaiey
/aeiaaea, oaoie/aneea ii?iu, i?aaeaea /ai neiaeeoueny i?ioiaeyo /a?ac
aai niciaiea, aicieeay a aeaea iiaiey, noaeaeaiey i aeieaeiii iiaaaeaiee
ii ioiioaieth e i?e?iaea e e ae?oaei i?aaeiaoai aiaoiaai ie?a
A.O.*a?aeaioeaa “Niioiioaiea oaoie/aneeo e nioeeaeueiuo ii?i”
Iauaeoeaiay oeaeaniia?aciinoue oaoie/aneeo ii?i aeieaeia i?aa?aoeoueny
a /aeiaa/aneii iicao a oaaaeaeaiea oeaeaniia?aciinoe, iieaciinoe
oaoie/aneie ii?iu e oieueei a yoii neo/aa iia aoaeao iiaeaea?aeeaaoue
eniieiaiea oaoie/aneie ii?iu.
Ia oaaaeeaoenue a oeaeaniia?aciinoe oaoie/aneie ii?iu, /aeiaae ia
aoaeao aa auiieiyoue, ianeieueei au iia ie auea oeaeaniia?aciie e
iieaciie. Oaeei ia?acii, oaaaeaeaiiinoue ethaeae a oeaeaniia?aciinoe e
iieaciinoe oaoie/aneie ii?iu iaania/eaaao aa niaethaeaiea.
Oaaaeaeaiiinoue ethaeae (a ia iaeiiai /aeiaaea) a oeaeaniia?aciinoe
oaoie/aneie ii?iu, a eiioea eiioeia, i?eaiaeeo e oiio, /oi nicaeaaony
ii?aaeaeaiiia iauanoaaiiia iiaiea a oeaeaniia?aciinoe e iieaciinoe
oaoie/aneie ii?iu.
E oaoie/aneei ii?iai a oe?ieii niunea ioiinyo ii?iu:
naieoa?ii-aeaeaie/aneea, iao/ii-oaoie/aneea, yeieiae/aneea, i?aaeea
auiieiaiey no?ieoaeueiuo ?aaio, eino?oeoeee ii yenieoaoaoeee iaoei e
iaoaieciia, ii?iu ?anoiaea nu?uey oiieeaa, yeaeo?iyia?aee e o.ae.
Oaoie/aneea ii?iu yoi oeaeaaua i?aaeea iauaai oa?aeoa?a. ?aaeaiaioe?oy
oai eee eiui niiniaii iiaaaeaiea ethaeae a noa?a eo
i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oaoie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, a noa?a oaoieee,
oaoie/aneea ii?iu e io?aaeatho iaiauaiiue i?iecaiaenoaaiiie iiuo, caeii
i?e?iaeu e naienoaa aauanoaa i?e?iaeu, eaaeauea a iniiaa oaoieee
nicaeaiiie /aeiaaeii A.O.*a?aeaioeaa “Niioiioaiea oaoie/aneeo e
nioeeaeueiuo ii?i”
.
A eoiaa iiaeii neacaoue, /oi o?iaaiue ?acaeoey oaoieee, o?iaaiue
aeinoeaeaiee, ioe?uoee anoanoaaiiuo iaoe, o?iaaiue ciaiee e iaaueia
iaiin?aaenoaaiiuo i?iecaiaeeoaeae e ii?aaeaeytho oa?aeoa? e niaea?aeaiea
oaoie/aneeo ii?i ia oie eee eiie nooiaie iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa.
?anniao?eaay oaoie/aneoth ii?io a nayce n ae?oaeie iauanoaaiiuie
yaeaieyie, iu aeaeei, /oi iia onoaiaaeeaaao ii?aaeaeaiiua o?aaiaaiey
eeoue e oaeei aeaenoaeyi /aeiaaea ii ioiioaieth e i?e?iaea, a eioi?uo
i?iyaeythony ioiioaiey iaaeaeo ethaeueie.
N?aaee oaoie/aneeo ii?i anoue oaeea eioi?ua a neeo naiae cia/eiinoe
iieo/atho cae?aieaiea a i?aaiauo aeoao e oaeei ia?acii i?eia?aoatho
th?eaee/aneoth neeo, iieo/ea iacaaiea oaoieei-i?aaiauo (aii?in i
oaoieei-i?aaiauo ii?iao, ianiio?y ia naia cia/aiea, inoaaony iaeiei ec
iaeienneaaeiaaiiuo a oai?ee ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa. Iniiaiua i?iaeaiu,
eioi?ua caeanue nouanoaotho, i?eia?ii oaeiau: nenoaiaoecaoeey
ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia (i?aaeaea anaai ainoaea?noaaiiuo noaiaea?oia);
niaa?oainoaiaaiea caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa (ioiaia onoa?aaoeo ii?iaoeaiuo
aeoia, iiene aieaa oi/iuo oi?ioee?iaie); iaania/aiea ?aaeueiiai
aeaenoaey ioaeaeueiuo oaoieei-i?aaiauo ii?i (yeieiae/aneia
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai), yoi oaoie/aneea oneiaey, ?acee/iua AINOu, i?aaeea.
Iaeioi?ua ec ieo niaaaeaiu naieoeeyie, th?eaee/aneie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth:
eiouanoaaiiie aaeieieno?aoeaiie, oaieiaiie. Oae, oaieiaiia
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai iiiaeo no?ai i?aaeoniao?eaaao ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca
ia?ooaiea i?aaee aiaeaeaiey e yenieoaoaoeee o?ainii?oa, ca ia?ooaiea
i?aaee aaciianiinoe i?e i?iecaiaenoaa no?ieoaeueiuo ?aaio, i?aaee
ei?aaeaaiaeaeaiey e ae?oaeo. Ia neo/aeii eo eiiaaea iacuaatho iiaeaeaeii
nioeeaeueiuo ii?i. Ioiiny oaoie/aneea ii?iu e nioeeaeueiui, o.a.
iauanoaaiiui ii?iai iu enoiaeei ec oiai, /oi ia iiaeao auoue
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo ii?i, ii?i, eeoaiiuo iauaai oa?aeoa?a, eioi?uie
?oeiaiaenoaothony eeoue ioaeaeueiua eiaeeaeaeu. I?aaeea ia eiathuea
iauaai oa?aeoa?a ia yaeythony ii?iaie, ia iiaoo ieacuaaoue
?aaoee?othuaai aicaeaenoaey ia iiaaaeaiea ethaeae. Neaaeoao
iiae/a?eiooue, /oi ?ieue oaoie/aneeo ii?i a ?aaoee?iaaiee iauanoaaiiuo
ioiioaiee noaiiaeony aieaa aeaenoaaiiie oiaaea, eiaaea iie iaeaeathony a
oi?io ae?oaeo nioeeaeueiuo ii?i a iniaaiiinoe i?aaiauo. Iiaeiaiua ia
oa?yy naiaai i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oaoie/aneiai oa?aeoa?a i?eia?aoatho
ea/anoaaiiua i?eciaee i?aaiaie ii?iu:
– iie enoiaeyo io ainoaea?noaa, au?aaeatho aai aieth
– iaania/eaathony aiciiaeiinoueth i?eioaeaeaiey
– cae?aieythony a niaoeeaeueiuo aeoao
– ?aaoee?otho, oioy e niaoeeoe/aneea, ii aanueia aaaeiua ioiioaiey.
Naith ?aaoee?othuoth ooieoeeth iie inouanoaeytho a niaieoiiinoe n
ae?oaeie i?aauie ii?iaie e a yoii niunea ea?atho aeiiieieoaeueioth ?ieue
I.E. Iaoocia e A.A.Iaeueei “Oai?ey ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa”
. Oaoie/aneea ii?iu, yaeyynue ?aciiaeaeiinoueth ii?i nioeeaeueiuo
niioiinyony iaaeaeo niaie eae /anoue e oeaeia. ssaeyynue niaieoiiinoueth
?acee/iuo aeaeia nioeeaeueiuo ii?i n oaoie/aneei niaea?aeaieai. Yoe
ii?iu iiaoo i?eia?aoaoue ?aciua oi?iu: i?aaiaoth, ii?aeueioth, oi?io
iau/aaa e ae?oaea. E oaoie/aneei ii?iai, i?eiyaoei oi?io iau/aaa, iiaeii
ioianoe i?aaeea auiieiaiey eiiaiae “ia ea?aoe” n i?oaeeai, i?aaeea
?acaiaea ea?aoeia a aii?oaeaiiuo neeao.
Inoaeueiua oaoie/aneea ii?iu, a /anoiinoe, aeaenoaothuea a auoiaie
noa?a ia iiaeaea?aeeaathony i?aaii. Iai?eia?, iaaeeoeeineia i?aaeei,
o?aaothuaa niaethaeaiey onoaiiaeaiiie a?a/ii aeicu eaea?noa, iaa?aaaao
caei?iauea /aeiaaea io iianiuo iineaaenoaee ia?a aeice?iaee, o.a.
cae?aieyao ii?yaeie ia?auaiey n oeie/aneeie aauanoaaie e a neo/aa aai
ia?ooaiey th?eaee/aneay ioaaonoaaiiinoue ia ianooiaao. Oiaea i?ienoiaeeo
n eino?oeoeeyie e auoiaui i?eai?ai a neo/aa anee i?aaeienaiiua i?aaeea
iieueciaaiey ia?ooathony, oi ca iieiieo ecaioiaeoaeue ioaaonoaaiiinoe ia
ianao, ii anee eino?oeoeey ia i?eeaaaaony oi any ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca
iieiieo eiaeeoueny ia ecaioiaeoaey, a a neo/aa anee eino?oeoeey ia
ia?aaaaeaia ia ?onneee ycue oi ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca iieiieo eiaeeoueny ia
i?iaeaaoea.
Oaiaeaioeee ?acaeoey /aeiaa/anoaa, a iniaaiiinoe ca iineaaeiaa aeaa
aaea, oaeiau, /oi aneaaenoaea ia?iiiiai cia/aiey a nia?aiaiiii ie?a
oaoieee e oaoiieiaee e iaino?aiey aeiaaeueiuo i?iaeai (yeieiae/aneie,
nu?ueaaie, yia?aaoe/aneie, oa?icu yaea?iie eaoano?iou) Iaania/aiea
iauanoaaiiie aaciianiinoe e io?aiu ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu (i?aaeea
aei?iaeiiai aeaeaeaiey, i?aaeea onoaiiaeaiiua aeey eiuo aeaeia
o?ainii?oa, i?aaeea oaoieee aaciianiinoe, o?aiaiey ac?ua/aouo aauanoa,
ia?eioe/aneeo, io?aaeythueo aauanoa e o.ae. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy a oneiaeyo
iao/ii-oaoie/aneie ?aaiethoeee cia/aiea iaaeeaaeauaai niaethaeaiey yoeo
i?aaee iniaaiii aaeeei. Eo eaii?e?iaaiea iiaeao i?eaanoe e iaiii?aaeiui
iineaaenoaeyi.
Ii i?e anae eo aaaeiinoe eo ia noieo niaoeaaoue n nioeeaeueiuie.
A?aieoea iaaeaeo ieie i?ioiaeeo aeaaiui ia?acii ii i?aaeiaoo
?aaoee?iaaiey. Oaoie/aneea ii?iu eiatho nioeeaeueiue oa?aeoa?. Ii a
ioee/ea io ii?i nioeeaeueiuo, eioi?ua ?aaoee?otho ioiioaiey
iaiin?aaenoaaiii iaaeaeo ethaeueie (/aeiaae-/aeiaae), oaoie/aneea ii?iu
?aaoee?otho iiaaaeaiea ethaeae a nayce n eniieueciaaieai oaoieee
(/aeiaae-oaoieea-/aeiaae). Iauaa o oaoie/aneeo e nioeeaeueiuo ii?i, oi,
/oi iie eiatho aeaei n /aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoueth.
CAEETH*AIEA
A ea/anoaa caeeth/aiey oeaeaniia?acii i?eaanoe ?yae auaiaeia, eioi?ua
iiaeii naeaeaoue ii eco/aieth iaoa?eaeia aeaiiie ?aaiou:
· Nioeeaeueiua ii?iu– yoi iauaiaycaoaeueiua i?aaeea iiaaaeaiey ethaeae a
eo acaeiiioiioaieyo iaaeaeo niaie e eiathuea iauee oa?aeoa?.
· Nioeeaeueiua ii?iu /?acau/aeii ?aciiia?aciu o.e. ?aciiia?aciu e
?aaoee?oaiua eie iauanoaaiiua ioiioaiey. Auaeaeythony ii?iu: i?aaiaua,
ii?aeueiua, iieeoe/aneea, ynoaoe/aneea, ?aeeaeiciua, ei?ii?aoeaiua, e,
iaeiiaoe, ii?iu iau/aaa e o?aaeeoeee.
· Ana nioeeaeueiua ii?iu a eo niaieoiiinoe iacuaathony i?aaeeaie
/aeiaa/aneiai iauaaeeoey.
· I?aai cae?aieyao oneiaey, i?e eioi?uo eiaeeaeae a ninoiyiee
oaeiaeaoai?eoue naie iio?aaiinoe, eeoue oaeiaeaoai?ea iio?aaiinoe
ae?oaiai. Nioeeaeueiue niune iinoaiiaee i?iaeaiu i i?aaiauo n?aaenoaao
caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi iie yaeythony ia oieueei nioeeaeueiie
iaiaoiaeeiinoueth, naiaai ?iaea iauaeoeaiie caeiiiia?iinoueth, ii e
iioeiaeueiaeueiui, aaeaeaaoiui oneiaeai oeeaeeeciaaiiiai niiniaa ?aoaiey
caaea/, noiyueo ia?aae iauanoaii, niiniaii, eioi?ue au?aaeaao
nioeeaeueioth oeaiiinoue i?aaa eae ?aaoeyoi?a iauanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee.
· Oaoie/aneea ii?iu–aeaenoaotho a noa?a oaoieee, a noa?a
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea, a noa?a aicaeaenoaey
/aeiaaea ia i?e?iaeo, i?aaeiaou aiaoiaai ie?a. Iaeioi?ua ec ieo a neeo
naiae cia/eiinoe niaaaeaiu naieoeeyie, th?eaee/aneie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth.
Neaaeoao iiae/a?eiooue, /oi oaoie/aneea ii?iu ia ioaeaeythony io
nioeeaeueiuo, a yaeythony eae au eo iiaeaeaeii.
· Ii, oai ia iaiaa, i?e anae aaaeiinoe oaoie/aneeo ii?i eo ia noieo
niaoeaaoue n nioeeaeueiuie. Eiay nioeeaeueiue oa?aeoa? iie an? aea
?aaoee?otho iiaaaeaiea ethaeae a nayce n eniieueciaaieai oaoieee, oiaaea
eae ii?iu nioeeaeueiua ?aaoee?otho ioiioaiey iaaeaeo ethaeueie, eo
iauaaeeiaieyie e i?aaiecaoeeyie.
NIENIE EEOA?AOO?U
1. Eiinoeoooeey ?.O.
2. Aeaenaaa N.N. “Oai?ey i?aaa” Oa?ueeia 1994
3. I.E. Iaoocia e A.A. Iaeueei “Oai?ey ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa”I.1996
4. I. E. Aiaiaaa “Nioeeaeueiua ii?iu e ?aaoeyoeey iiaaaeaiey”I.1978
5. A.O. Oa?oaiaae/. “ Iauay oai?ey i?aaa “. I. 1995 O.1.
6. A.E.O?iiaithe “Oai?ey ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa” I.1998
7. N.A. Eiia?ia “Iauay oai?ey ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa” I.1996
8. E.I. Aiaiethaia e A.TH. Eacaaieeiaa “*aeiaae e iauanoai”I.1997
9. A. I. Iaiia “Oai?ey ainoaea?noaa e i?aaa” I. 1996
10. I. O. Ooouc e I. I. Na?aaeei “Yioeeeeiiaaeey i?aaa”I.1996
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