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Издержки обращения в современной системе управления торговым предприятием

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Iaeaaeaiea:

co?.

Aaaaeaiea
– 2

1. Yeiiiie/aneay nouiinoue ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey a nia?aiaiiie nenoaia
oi?aaeaiey oi?aiaui i?aaei?eyoeai.

1.1. Caaea/e e cia/aiea aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa a i?ioeanna
oi?ie?iaaiey oeiainiaie eioi?iaoeee ia ecaea?aeeao ia?auaiey.

2. Aeaenoaothuay nenoaia o/aoa ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey e iooe aa
niaa?oainoaiaaiey.

2.1. Aiaeeoe/aneee e neioaoe/aneee o/ao ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey.

2.2. Iooe niaa?oainoaiaaiey o/aoa ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey.

3. Aiaeec ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey.

3.1. Iauay ioeaiea ninoiyiey ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey.

3.2. Oaeoi?iue aiaeec ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey.

Caeeth/aiea

Nienie eeoa?aoo?u

Aaaaeaiea.

Iaiaoiaeeiinoue ea/anoaaiiuo naeaeaia a yeiiiieea, ia?aoiaea
aa ia iooe ?uii/iiai ?acaeoey, auaeaeioei a /enei iaycaoaeueiuo oneiaee
iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa yeiiiieth e ?aoeeiiaeueiia
eniieueciaaiea anao aeaeia ?ano?nia. Aeey yoiai iaiaoiaeeii i?eaanoe a
aeaenoaea eiathueany i?aaiecaoeeiiii-yeiiiie/aneea ?aca?au, aanoe
?aoeoaeueioth ai?ueao n ?anoi/eoaeuenoaii e iioa?yie.

A nayce n yoei aaaeaiea aeaenoaothuaai eiio?iey cao?ao n
oeaeueth

iinoiyiiiai nieaeaiey eo aaee/eiu noaiiaeony iaeiie ec aaaeiaeoeo caaea/
nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey i?aaei?eyoeai. Iniaoth niaoeeaeueioth ?ieue a aa
?aoaiee ea?aao o/ao, i?ecaaiiue iaania/eoue nenoaio oi?aaeaiey
ea/anoaaiiie eioi?iaoeeae ia ecaea?aeeao ia?auaiey.

Eco/aiea ecaea?aeae oi?aaeaiey a noa?a oi?aiaee a nia?aiaiiuo
oneiaeyo oicyenoaiaaiey eiaao aieueoia i?aeoe/aneia cia/aiea. Yoa
i?iaeaia i?eia?aoaao iniaoth aeooaeueiinoue, oae eae ?acoeueoaou ?aaiou
eaaeaeiai i?aaei?eyoey, aai eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue iaoiaeyony ai ana
aieueoae caaeneiinoe io o?iaiy i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo cao?ao.

I?aaeeueiay i?aaiecaoeey o/aoa ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey aeaao
aic-

iiaeiinoue auyaeoue ?aca?au eo nieaeaiey. O/ao iicaieyao naiaa?aiaiii
io?aaeaoue i?iecaiaenoaaiiua cao?aou e eiio?iee?iaaoue oiae auiieiaiey
ieaia ii ecaea?aeeai ia?auaiey, ?anoiaeiaaiey iaoa?eaeueiuo, o?oaeiauo e
oeiainiauo ?ano?nia. Ii niinianoaoao no?iaeaeoaio niaethaeaieth
niaoii-oeiainiaie aeenoeeieeiu e ?aaeeia yeiiiiee, aiaae?aieth e
oi?aaeaieth oicyenoaaiiui ?an/aoii.

*oiau oneeeoue eiio?ieue ca ecaea?aeeaie ia?auaiey oi?aiaiai
i?aaei?eyoey iaiaoiaeeii i?iaiaeece?iaaoue eaaeaeoth noaoueth ecaea?aeae
ia?auaiey. Oaeie aiaeec iiiiaaao iieiaa ane?uoue ?aca?au nie?auaiey
ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey, niinianoaoao aieaa yooaeoeaiiio eniieueciaaieth
anao aeaeia ?ano?nia, o?oaea, iniiaiuo oiiaeia, oiieeaa, yia?aee e
iaoa?eaeia. Niaa?oainoaiaaiea o/aoa ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey aaaeao e aieaa
i?aaeeueiiio io?aaeaieth e a naith i/a?aaeue iouneaieth aeiiieieoaeueiuo
?aca?aia eo nie?auaiey.

Oeaeueth iiae aeeieiiiie ?aaiou yaeyaony iioeiecaoeey ecaea?aeae
ia?auaiey ia oeacaiiii iiie i?aaei?eyoee.

Enoiaey ec auoaneacaiiiai a aeeieiiiie ?aaioa iinoaaeaiu
neaaeothuea caaea/e:

1. Iainiiaaiea nouiinoe ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey e eo cia/aiey ia
nia?aiaiiii yoaia;

2. Eco/aiea aeaenoaothuae nenoaiu o/aoa ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey
ia aaciaii i?aaei?eyoee e auyaeaiea eiathueony iaaeinoaoeia o/aoa ia
iniiaa eco/aiey yeiiiie/aneie eeoa?aoo?u ii aeaiiie i?iaeaia,
?ac?aaioea i?aaeeiaeaiee ii niaa?oainoaiaaieth o/aoa.

3. I?iaaaeaiea aeaoaeueiiai aiaeeca ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey
aaciaiai oi?aiaiai i?aaei?eyoey.

4. Auyaeaiea ?aca?aia aeaeueiaeoaai nieaeaiey ecaea?aeae
ia?auaiey, ?ac?aaioea nenoaiu ia?ii?eyoee ii eo ?aaeecaoeee.

Oi?aiaia i?aaei?eyoea I?N Eacaineiai ioaeaeaiey Ai?ueeianeie
aeaeaciie aei?iae, ia iaoa?eaea eioi?iai auea auiieiaia ?aaioa,
caieiaaony ?icie/iie e iaeeiiioiaie oi?aiaeae. caeeth/aieai aeiaiai?ia n
iinoaaueeaie e iieoiaoaeyie, iinoaaeie e ?aaeecaoeeae
i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiuo oiaa?ia ianaeaieth, i?aaei?eyoeyi e i?aaiecaoeeyi.

Ia enneaaeoaiii i?aaei?eyoee iauai oiaa?iiai?ioa ca 1995 aiae
ninoaaee 33515015 oun. ?oaeae, noiia ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey 5432000 oun.
?oaeae, /oi ninoaaeei 16,2% e oiaa?iiai?ioo.

Ioaeae ?aai/aai niaaaeaiey – yoi 63 iaaaceia ii ?aaeecaoeee
i?iiuoeaiiuo e i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiuo oiaa?ia, oi?aiaie ieiuaaeueth 6000
eaaae?aoiuo iao?ia, oeaaicaaiae e 3 oeaaiiaea?ie i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoueth
41 oiiia oeaaiaoei/iuo ecaeaeee a nooee. aoaeuea, aaoioicyenoai ia 24
iaoeiu, neeaaeneea iiiauaiey iauae ieiuaaeueth 6000 eaaae?aoiuo iao?ia,
38 noieiauo e eaoa ia 3000 iinaaei/iuo iano, ioei?ii/iia oicyenoai ia
240 aieia, iaoi/iee ii i?iecaiaenoao iieiaeiyea ia 60 naeiiiaoie.

Ai anao i?aaei?eyoeyo e neoaeaao yoie no?oeoo?u ?aaioaao 1300
/aeiaae.

Noa?aeiaaui iai?aaeaieai ?aaiou I?Na auei e inoaaony
oaeiaeaoai?aiea iio?aaiinoae ?aaioieeia ioaeaeaiey aei?iae e ianaeaiey a
oiaa?ao e oneoaao n oeaeueth iieo/aiey i?eauee.

I?e iaienaiee aeeieiiiie ?aaiou auee eniieueciaaiu iaoa?eaeu
caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeoia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e iao/iua ?aaiou ii
enneaaeiaaieth ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey aaaeoueo yeiiiienoia .

I. Yeiiiie/aneay nouiinoue ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey

a nia?aiaiiie nenoaia oi?aaeaiey oi?aiaui

i?aaei?eyoeai.

?anniao?eaay iniaaiiinoe /aeiaa/aneiai auoey, iu iiaeai
ynii

i?ineaaeeoue, /oi iaoa?eaeenoe/aneia iiieiaiea enoi?ee enoiaeeo ec oiai
iieiaeaiey, /oi i?iecaiaenoai, a aneaae ca i?iecaiaenoaii iaiai aai
i?iaeoeoia ninoaaeytho iniiao anyeiai iauanoaaiiiai no?iy, /oi a
eaaeaeii aunooiathuai a enoi?ee iauanoaa, ?ani?aaeaeaiea i?iaeoeoia, a
aianoa n oai e ?acaeaeaiea iauanoaa ia eeannu eee nineiaey,
ii?aaeaeyaony oai, /oi e eae i?iecaiaeeony e eae yoe i?iaeoeou
iaiaieaathony.

N ?acaeoeai iaiaia i?iaeoeoaie, iaaeaeo i?iecaiaeeoaeyie
aneaae-

noaee oaeoaeaiey ?acaeaeaiey o?oaea e iiauoaiey iauanoaaiiie
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea, i?ioeann iaania/aiey ana aieueoa
i?aa?auaaony a naiinoiyoaeueioth oaco i?ioeanna aini?iecaiaenoaa.

Oai?aoe/aneie iniiaie aeey ioianaiey i?ioeanna niaaaeaiey e
iniaie io?anee i?iecaiaenoaaiiie noa?u yaeyaony o/aiea i aeaoo aeaeao
i?ioeannia e cao?ao a noa?a ia?auaiey. ”Iaeia /anoue i?ioeannia
ia?auaiey eiaao oeaeueth i?inoia eciaiaiea oi?iu noieiinoe, oi anoue
iiaeaioiaeo e inouanoaeaiea aeoa eoiee-i?iaeaaee, ia?aaiae noieiinoe ec
iaeiie aa oi?iu – oiaa?iie a ae?oaoth – aeaiaaeioth. Yoe i?ioeannu e
aucuaaaiua eie cao?aou yaeythony ?acoeueoaoii oiaa?iiai oa?aeoa?a
i?iecaiaenoaa, ieeaeie iiaie noieiinoe iie ia nicaeatho. Iauee caeii
caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi ana ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey auoaeathuea eeoue ec
i?aa?auaiey oi?iu oiaa?a ia i?eaaaeytho e iaio ieeaeie noieiinoe”(E.
Ia?en “Eaieoae” iiei. nia?. ni/. 2-ia ecae. o. 4 no?. 219-230).

A i?ioeanna aeiaaaeaiey i?iaeoeoeee io i?iecaiaeeoaeae aei
iio?aaeoaeae oi?aiaua i?aaiecaoeee niaa?oatho iauanoaaiii-iaiaoiaeeiua
o?oaeiaua, iaoa?eaeueiua e aeaiaaeiua cao?aou, aunooiathuea a oi?ia
ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey.

Ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey eiatho ianoi aacaea, aaea i?ienoiaeeo
i?ioeann oiaa?iiai ia?auaiey a i?iiuoeaiiinoe i?e cao?aoao ii nauoo e
niaaaeaieth, a caaioiaeoaeueiuo i?aaiecaoeeyo i?e cao?aoao ii caaioiaea
e nauoo i?iaeoeoeee naeueneiai oicyenoaa, a i?aaiecaoeeyo niaaaeai/aneeo
i?e cao?aoao ii aeiaaaeaieth n?aaenoa e i?aaeiaoia o?oaea io
i?iecaiaeeoaeae aei iio?aaeoaeae.

?anoiaeu ii iieaoa o?ainii?oe?iaaiey a?ocia, ii iia?ocea e
?aca?ocea, ii niaea?aeaieth iiiauaiee aeey o?aiaiey iaoa?eaeueiuo
oeaiiinoae, ii iieaoa o?oaea ?aaioieeia oi?aiauo i?aaei?eyoee
ninoaaeytho ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey oi?aiauo i?aaiecaoeee ii aeiaaaeaieth
iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae io ecaioiaeoaeae aei iio?aaeoaeae. Ecaea?aeee
ia?auaiey oi?aiaee ninoaaeytho /anoue iauaoicyenoaaiiuo ecaea?aeae
ia?auaiey.

Ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey oi?aiauo i?aaei?eyoee eeanneoeoee?othony
ii yeiiiie/aneiio niaea?aeaieth: ii ioiioaieth e iauaio ?aaeecaoeee
oiaa?ia e ii a?oiiai e noaoueyi onoaiiaeaiiie iiiaieeaoo?u. Ii
yeiiiie/aneiio niaea?aeaieth ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey aeaeyony ia /enoua e
aeiiieieoaeueiua.

*enoua ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey – cao?aou, naycaiiua n
oiaa?iie

oi?iie i?iaeoeoa e ooieoeee iaoa?eaeueiiai iaania/aiey ii inouanoaeaieth
niaiu oi?i noieiinoe.

E iei ioiinyony cao?aou, naycaiiua n a?aiaiai ?aaeecaoeee
oi-aa?ia, aaaeaieai o/aoa, aeaiaaeiui ia?auaieai. Yoe ecaea?aeee a
ioee/ee io aeiiieieoaeueiuo ia oaaee/eaatho noieiinoe iaoa?eaeueiuo
oeaiiinoae e aiciauathueony ca n/ao /enoiai aeioiaea, eioi?ue nicaeaaony
o?oaeii a io?aneyo iaoa?eaeueiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. Yoe ecaea?aeee
ninoaaeytho iacia/eoaeueioth aaee/eio.

Aeiiieieoaeueiua ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey – cao?aou, aucaaiiua
i?iaeieaeaieai i?ioeanna i?iecaiaenoaa a noa?a ia?auaiey. Yoi ?anoiaeu
ii o?ainii?oe?iaea i?iaeoeoeee, o?aiaieth aa ia neeaaeao, iiaeaioiaea e
iio?aaeaieth, i?eaeaiea oiaa?iiai aeaea: aei?aaioea, ni?oe?iaea,
oaniaea, oiaeiaea. O?ainii?oe?iaea oiaa?ia, aeinoaaea eo ec ioieoia
i?iecaiaenoaa a ?aeiiu iio?aaeaiey yaeythony caaa?oaieai
i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna, oae eae oieueei a ?acoeueoaoa
inouanoaeaiey yoeo iia?aoeee oiaa? i?eia?aoaao ?aaeueioth
iio?aaeoaeueioth noieiinoue e noaiiaeony aioiaui e iio?aaeaieth.

Iiaeaioiaea oiaa?ia e iio?aaeaieth aei?aaioea, ni?oe?iaea,
oiaeiaea, o?aiaiea niinianoaotho oaeiaeaoai?aieth ii?aaeaeaiiuo
iio?aaiinoae. Yoe iia?aoeee ia oaaee/eaatho noieiinoe oiaa?ia, ii
i?aaeio?aiytho eo io ii?/e, io iioa?ue, nio?aiytho nicaeaiioth
noieiinoue, /oi ?aaiineeueii aa oaaee/aieth. O?oae ?aaioieeia,
auiieiythueo yoe iia?aoeee o/anoaoao a nicaeaiee noieiinoe oiaa?a,
ia?aiineo ia oiaa? noieiinoue iio?aaeaiiuo iaoa?eaeia e n?aaenoa o?oaea
e nicaeaao iiaoth noieiinoue, a oii /enea e /enoue aeioiae iauanoaa.

Aeiiieieoaeueiua ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey yaeythony iniiaiuie e
i?aiaeaaeathueie, o/anoaoy a oaaee/aiee noieiinoe oiaa?a, ia ia?aiinyo
anae noiiu ia noieiinoue oiaa?a, oae eae noieiinoue ii?aaeaeyaony ia
anyeei, a oieueei iauanoaaiii-iaiaoiaeeiui o?oaeii. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, a
noieiinoue oiaa?a aieaeoo eeoue oa ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey, eioi?ua
iaiaoiaeeiu i?e aeaiiii o?iaia ?acaeoey o?ainii?oa, neeaaeneiai e
oa?iiai oicyenoaa, i?e ?aoeeiiaeueiie i?aaiecaoeee aeinoaaee, o?aiaiey
oiaa?ia. Aiiaue nicaeaiiay noieiinoue oiaa?a e yaeyaony enoi/ieeii
iie?uoey aeiiieieoaeueiuo ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey.

Ii ioiioaiey e iauaio ?aaeecaoeee oiaa?ia ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey
aeaeyony ia oneiaii-ia?aiaiiua e oneiaii-iinoiyiiua.

Oneiaii-ia?aiaiiuie iacuaathony oaeea ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey,
eioi?ua a i?yiie caaeneiinoe io iauaia e no?oeoo?u oiaa?iiai?ioa e
eciaiythony aianoa n iei. E oneiaii-ia?aiaiiui ioiinyony o?ainii?oiua
?anoiaeu, ?anoiaeu ii iieaoa o?oaea, o?aiaieth, iiae?aaioea,
iiaeni?oe?iaea e oiaeiaea oiaa?ia, i?ioeaiou ca iieueciaaiea aaieianeei
e?aaeeoii, iioa?e oiaa?ia i?e ia?aaicea, o?aiaiee e ?aaeecaoeee a
i?aaeaeao ii?i anoanoaaiiie oauee, ?anoiaeu ia oa?o e aieueoay /anoue
noaouee “I?i/ea ?anoiaeu”.

N oaaee/aieai oiaa?iiai?ioa a iniiaiii i?iii?oeeiiaeueii
oaaee/eaathony aaniethoiua noiiu oneiaii-ia?aiaiiuo ecaea?aeae
ia?auaiey, iaeiaei ioiineoaeueiay aaee/eia eo iau/ii nieaeaaony.

Oneiaii-iinoiyiiuie iacuaathony oaeea ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey,
aaniethoiua noiiu eioi?uo ia eciaiythony eee eciaiythony iacia/eoaeueii
n oaaee/aieai oiaa?iiai?ioa. E yoei ecaea?aeeai ioiinyony cao?aou ia
a?aiaeo, aii?oecaoeeth, niaea?aeaiea e ?aiiio iniiaiuo n?aaenoa, eciin
iaeioeaiiuo e auno?ieciaoeaathueony i?aaeiaoia, ?anoiaeu ia oi?aiaoth
?aeeaio e /anoe/ii noaoueth “I?i/ea ?anoiaeu”.

Ii aeaeai ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey iiae?acaeaeythony ia
niioaaonoaothuea a?oiiu e noaouee onoaiiaeaiiie iiiaieeaoo?u.

1. Iaoa?eaeueiua cao?aou, o. a. cao?aou, iaiin?aaenoaaiii
naycaiiua n i?iecaiaenoaii i?iaeoeoeee (?aaio, oneoa); cao?aou,
naycaiiua n eniieueciaaieai i?e?iaeiiai nu?uey; cao?aou ia iiaeaioiaeo e
inaiaiea i?e?iaeiiai i?iecaiaenoaa; cao?aou iaeaieoaeueiiai oa?aeoa?a,
naycaiiua n niaa?oainoaiaaieai oaoiieiaee e i?aaiecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaa;
cao?aou ia ianeoaeeaaiea i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iiaana; cao?aou ii
iaania/aieth ii?iaeueiuo oneiaee o?oaea e oaoieee aaciianiinoe; e o. ae.

a. ?anoiaeu ia aiaeiniaaaeaiea, ioiieaiea e inaauaiea
oi?aiauo, neeaaeneeo e aaeieieno?aoeaii-oicyenoaaiiuo iiiauaiee.

a. ?anoiaeu ii o?aiaieth, iiae?aaioea, oiaeiaea oiaa?ia.

a. Eciin naieoa?iie iaeaaeaeu, noieiaiai aaeuey, iaeioeaiiuo e
auno?ieciaoeaathueony i?aaeiaoia, noieiaie iinoaeu e i?eai?ia.

a. Noiiu iaaeinoa/ e iioa?ue oiaa?ia a iooe i?e
o?aiaiee a

i?aaeaeao ii?i anoanoaaiiie oauee e naa?o ii?i oauee, aicieeathueo ia ii
aeia iaoa?eaeueii-ioaaonoaaiiiai eeoea. A oaeaea noiiu iioa?ue ii
iaaeinoa/ai, ?ano?aoai e oeuaieyi ai acuneaiee eioi?uo ioeacaii noaeii,
nienaiiua ia ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey a niioaaonoaee n Iieiaeaieai i ninoaaa
cao?ao.

ae. ?anoiaeu ii oa?a: aa nai?, ia?aaiceo, ?aiiio, iioa?e io
nienea-

iey a onoaiiaeaiiii ii?yaeea oa?u, i?eoaaeoae a iai?eaiaeiinoue, ca
au/aoii aeioiaeia ii aanieaoii iieo/aiiie oa?a n o/aoii ?acieoeu a
noieiinoe.

a. ?anoiaeu ia oaeouee ?aiiio, niaea?aeaiea caeaiee,
nii?oaeaiee, iiiauaiee e eiaaioa?y: io/eneaiey a ?aiiioiue oiiae ia
?aiiio caeaiee, nii?oaeaiee, iaoaieciia, iai?oaeiaaiey e eiaaioa?y e
iieaoo n/aoia noi?iiieo i?aaiecaoeee ca auiieiaiiua ?aaiou ii oaeouaio
?aiiioo.

ae. ?anoiaeu ia nianoaaiiue o?ainii?o ( aac ?anoiaeia ia iieaoo
o?oaea ) – e o?ainii?oiui ?anoiaeai ioiinyony ?anoiaeu ii iieaoa oa?eoia
e o?aiei anao aeaeia o?ainii?oa i?e caaica oiaa?ia ia oi?aiaia
i?aaei?eyoea, nai?u o?ainii?oiuo i?aaiecaoeee, a oaeaea ?anoiaeu
naycaiiua n iieaoie n/aoia noi?iiieo i?aaiecaoeee, ca auiieiaiiua
iia?oci/ii-?aca?oci/iua ?aaiou.

c. ?anoiaeu ia oi?aiaoth ?aeeaio.

e. ?aaiou e oneoae i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai oa?aeoa?a, auiieiaiiua
noi?iiieie i?aaiecaoeeyie.

2. Cao?aou ia iieaoo o?oaea – iniiaiay e aeiiieieoaeueiay
ca?aaioiay ieaoa e io/eneaiey ia nioeeaeueiua ioaeaeu oi?aiauo
?aaioieeia e aaeieieno?aoeee oi?aiaiai i?aaei?eyoey, a oaeaea auieaou ec
aeioiaea ia nieni/iiio ninoaao:

– Cao?aou ia iieaoo o/aaiuo ioioneia;

– Cao?aou naycaiiua n iiaeaioiaeie e ia?aiiaeaioiaeie
eaae?ia;

– Cao?aou ii iao/aieth o/aieeia e iiauoaieth
eaaeeoeeaoeee

?aai/eo, aeeth/ay iieaoo o?oaea eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo ?aaioieeia, ia
inaiaiaeaeaiiuo io iniiaiie ?aaiou.

3. Io/eneaiey ia nioeeaeueiua ioaeaeu:

Auieaou, i?aaeoniio?aiiua caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee i o?oaea, ca ia i?i?aaioaiiia ia i?iecaiaenoaa ( ia yai/iia
) a?aiy; iieaoa i/a?aaeiuo e aeiiieieoaeueiuo ioioneia, eiiiainaoeey ca
iaeniieueciaaiiue ioione, iieaoa i?iacaea e ianoo eniieueciaaiey ioionea
e ia?aoii ( aeeth/ay iieaoo i?iaica aaaaaea), iieaoa eueaioiuo /ania
iiae?inoeia, iieaoa ia?a?uaia a ?aaioa iaoa?ae aeey ei?ieaiey ?aaaiea;
cao?aou ii o?ainii?oe?iaea e ianoo ?aaiou e ia?aoii a iai?aaeaieyo, ia
ianeoaeeaathueony iauanoaaiiui o?ainii?oii; io/eneaiey (no?aoiaua
aciinu) a iaineiiiue oiiae. oiiae nioeeaeueiiai no?aoiaaiey e oiiae
caiyoinoe ianaeaiey io ?anoiaeia o?oaea ?aaioieeia, caiyouo a
i?iecaiaenoaa i?iaeoeoeee ( ?aaio, oneoa) a niioaaonoaee n ii?yaeeii,
onoaiiaeaiiui caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee.

N 1 yiaa?y 1996 aiaea aaaaeaiu a aeaenoaea cao?aou ia
nicaeaiea no?aoiauo oiiaeia ( ?aca?aia) a i?aaeaeao ii?i, onoaiiaeaiiuo
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, aeey oeiaine?iaaiey
?anoiaeia ii i?aaeoi?aaeaeaieth e eeeaeaeaoeee iineaaenoaee aaa?ee,
iiaea?ia, noeoeeiuo aaaenoaee e ae?oaeo /?acau/aeiuo neooaoeee, a oaeaea
no?aoiaaiea eiouanoaa i?aaiecaoeee, aeecie e caei?iauey ?aaioieeia e
a?aaeaeaineie ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca i?e/eiaiea a?aaea eiouanoaaiiui
eioa?anai o?aoueeo eeoe.

4. Aii?oecaoeey iniiaiuo oiiaeia – aii?oecaoeeiiiua
io/eneaiey ia iieiia ainnoaiiaeaiea iniiaiuo n?aaenoa ( nianoaaiiuo e
a?aiaeiaaiiuo).

5. I?i/ea cao?aou.

a. Eciin ii iaiaoa?eaeueiui aeoeaai;

a. Iaeiae, aeeth/aaiua a naaanoieiinoue ?aaio –
o?ainii?oiue

iaeia ( 1% io OIO) ; Aaooia aeeeuea ( 0,3% io aaeiaiai aeioiaea) ;
Yeieiae/aneee oiiae ( niaeanii ?an/aoa) – ieaoaaee ca aua?inu ( na?inu)
caa?yciythueo aauanoa.

a. Iaycaoaeueiua no?aoiaua ieaoaaee.

a. I?ioeaiou ii e?aaeeoai aaieia.

ae. Nooi/iua e iiaeuaiiua-eiiaiaee?iaa/iua ?anoiaeu
?aaioie-

eia oi?aiaiai i?aaei?eyoey.

a. I?aaenoaaeoaeueneea ?anoiaeu.

ae. A?aiaeiay ieaoa.

c. Aiciaa?aaeaeaiea ca ecia?aoaiea e ?aoeeiiaeecaoi?neea
i?aae-

eiaeaiey.

e. Iieaoa oneoa noi?iiiei i?aaiecaoeeyi:

ec ieo:

nayce;

eioi?iaoeeiiii-au/eneeoaeueiiai ianeoaeeaaiey;

aiaaaaeiinoaaiiie io?aiu;

?aeeaiiuo aaaioia e aoaeeoi?neeo i?aaiecaoeee;

iannaaee?neiai o?ainii?oa;

aaieia;

eiiioiaeueiiai oicyenoaa;

eoeueoo?u;

iaoee;

ia?aciaaiey;

cae?aaiio?aiaiey;

iioa?eaeueiuo e th?eaee/aneeo o/?aaeaeaiee;

e. Ae?oaea cao?aou.

Iaaeinoaoeii i?eiaiyaiie iiiaieeaoo?u yaeyaony neeoeii
iauaiiay eiioeaio?aoeey ia ioaeaeueiuo noaoueyo ?acee/iuo ii naiaio
niaea?aeaieth yeaiaioia. Oae noaouey 1(ae) “O?ainii?oiua ?anoiaeu”
iauaaeeiyao iieaoo oa?eoia, nai?u o?ainii?oiuo i?aaiecaoeee e iieaoo
n/aoia ca iia?oci/ii-?aca?oci/iua ?aaiou ; noaouey 1(a) aeeth/aao iioa?e
oiaa?ia a iooe e o?aiaiee, a oaeaea iaaeinoa/e ai acuneaiee eioi?uo
ioeacaii noaeii. Yoi eeoaao aiciiaeiinoe i?iaaaeaiey aeaoaeece?iaaiiiai
aiaeeca ?anoiaeia e auyaeaiey iai?iecaiaeeoaeueiuo ?anoiaeia e iioa?ue
ca n/ao oiaiueoaiey ?anoiaeia, naycaiiuo n eoeueoo?ie e ea/anoaii
ianeoaeeaaiey ianaeaiey.

Iiiaieeaoo?a noaoae ?anoiaeia aeieaeia no?ieoueny oaeei
ia?acii, /oiau ii aeaiiui o/aoa ?anoiaeia iiaeii auei auyaeoue, ii eaeie
noaouea e ii eaeiio aeaeo ?anoiaeia eiaaony ia?a?anoiae ( yeiiiiey ),
eaeea eiathony ?aca?au eo nieaeaiey ( iiauoaiey ).

I?eaaaeaiiay auoa iiiaieeaoo?a a i?eioeeia oeie/ia aeey
i?aaei?eyoee oeia I?Na Eacaineiai ioaeaeaiey Ai?ueeianeie aeaeaciie
aei?iae. Oaeaeueiua aana ioaeaeueiuo noaoae ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey
oi?aiauo i?aaei?eyoee oa?aeoa?ecoaony aeaiiuie i?aaenoaaeaiiuie a
oaaeeoea 1.1.

Oaaeeoea 1.1.

Ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey anaai 100%

I. Iaoa?eaeueiua cao?aou – 34,53%

oiieeai –
0,6%

yia?aey –
2,4%

o?aiaiea, iiae?aaioea, iiaeni?oe?iaea,

oiaeiaea oiaa?ia – 0,4%

Eciin nai. iaeaaeaeu, noieiaiai aaeuey,

IAI, noieiaie iinoaeu e i?eai?ia – 0,6%

Iioa?e oiaa?ia e i?iaeoeoia i?e

ia?aaicea, o?aiaiee e ?aaeecaoeee

a i?aaeaeao ii?i oauee – 0,8%

?anoiaeu ii oa?a – 0,07%

?anoiaeu ia oaeouee ?aiiio, niaea?aea-

iea caeaiee, nii?oaeaiee, iiiauaiee e

eiaaioa?y –
0,1%

?anoiaeu ia nianoaaiiue o?ainii?o – 18,4%

?aaiou e oneoae i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai

oa?aeoa?a, auiieiaiiua noi?iiieie

i?aaiecaoeeyie – 0,04%

II. Cao?aou ia iieaoo o?oaea

?aaiou e oneoae i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai – 58,4%

III. Io/eneaiey ia nioeeaeueiua ioaeaeu – 16,9%

IV. Aii?oecaoeey iniiaiuo oiiaeia – 3,9%

V. I?i/ea cao?aou – 21,6%

a oii /enea:

iaeiae, aeeth/aaiua a naaanoieiinoue ?aaio – 1,7%

Iaycaoaeueiua no?aoiaua ieaoaaee – 0,07%

I?ioeaiou ii e?aaeeoai aaieia – 7%

Nooi/iua e iiaeuaiiua –
0,4%

A?aiaeiay ieaoa
– 2,3%

Iieaoa oneoa noi?iiieo i?aaiecaoeee – 2,36%

ec ieo:

Nayce – 0,4%

Aiaaaaeiinoaaiiie io?aiu –
1,7%

Eiiioiaeueiiai oicyenoaa – 0,3%

Ae?oaea cao?aou – 0,7%

Iieaoa oneoa ii eieannaoeee aeaiaa – 0,7%

Ii aeaiiui oaaeeoeu 1.1 aeaeii, /oi cia/eoaeueiay aeiey
ecaea?aeae i?eoiaeeony ia ?anoiaeu ii iieaoa o?oaea, a oaeaea ia
o?ainii?oiua ?anoiaeu. A nayce n yoei ia ieo iaiaoiaeeii ia?aoeoue
iniaia aieiaiea, oae eae eiaiii iie yaeythony iniiaiuie iieacaoaeyie
cao?ao, a neaaeiaaoaeueii e enoi/ieeii ?aca?aa eo nieaeaiey, eioi?ua iu
ioaaoei a aeaeueiaeoai.

Iaiaoiaeeii ia?aoeoue aieiaiea ia iiuo caiaaeiuo no?ai, aaea
i?eaioe?othony ia ia?aiaiiua ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey, /oi n oi?aaeai/aneie
oi/ee c?aiey aoaeao iaeaieaa oeaeaniia?acii. Aaaeue ia?aiaiiua ?anoiaeu,
oioy e iiauoathony a aaniethoiie noiia n ?inoii iauaia ?aaeecaoeee
oiaa?ia, ii oaiiu eo ?inoa ionoatho io oaiia ?inoa ?aaeecaoeee oiaa?ia.
Oaeei ia?acii, anee ia?ae?uaathony ia?aiaiiua ?anoiaeu iethn
iaeiaiueoay, ii /aoei ni?ia?aiie?iaaia i?eaueue, yoi onei?eo i?iaeaaeo,
iaeeaeo ?uiie, /oi i/aiue nouanoaaiii i?e noieue ianniaii
caoi?iaaeeaaiee a yeiiiieea, a neaaenoaee iaieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe
iieoiaoaeae. Oaeei ia?acii, iu iiaeioee e iniiaiie caaea/a. ?aca?au
yeiiiiee ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey e?ithony a iiauoaiee yooaeoeaiinoe
eniieueciaaiey iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa e nieaeaiee cao?ao ii niaea?aeaieth
oiaa?iuo caiania. A iauae no?oeoo?a iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa oi?aiauo
i?aaiecaoeee aei 95% ninoaaeytho oiaa?iua caianu e oiaa?u ioa?oaeaiiua.

Anee o/anoue, /oi iai?ioiua n?aaenoaa iai?a?uaii
aic?anoatho, oi onei?aiea iai?a/eaaaiinoe iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa yaeyaony
aaaeiui enoi/ieeii iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey ?ano?nia.

Cia/eoaeueiui ?aca?aii yeiiiiee ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey yaeyaony
nieaeaiea iai?iecaiaeeoaeueiuo ?anoiaeia. Iniiaiuie ia?ii?eyoeyie ii
nie?auaieth yoeo ?anoiaeia yaeythony : i?aaiecaoeey ouaoaeueiie
eiee/anoaaiiie e ea/anoaaiiie i?eaiee i?iaeoeoeee io iinoaaueeia,
iaania/aiea iaaeeaaeauaai o?aiaiey.

Iaeiie ec iniiaiuo noaoae ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey yaeythony
?anoiaeu ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo. A ainoaea?noaaiiie ?icie/iie oi?aiaea
iie ninoaaeytho i?eia?ii iieiaeio anae noiiu ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey.
Aiaeec ?anoiaeia ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo i?iaiaeeony ii aeaiiui “Io/aoa i
auiieiaiee ieaia ii o?oaeo a oi?aiaea ”, oi?ia ? 5-c oi?a (Naaaeaiey i
oi?aiaie aeayoaeueiinoe, naeaaony a iaeiaiaoth einiaeoeeth,
noaoenoe/aneia oi?aaeaiea e a auoanoiyuoth i?aaiecaoeeth ); oi?ia ? 1-O
(Naaaeaiey i /eneaiiinoe e ca?aaioiie ieaoa e aeaeaeaiee ?aaioieeia,
naeaaony a noaoenoe/aneia oi?aaeaiea e auoanoiyuoth i?aaiecaoeeth);
oaeouea naaaeaiey aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa e ae?oaeo enoi/ieeia eioi?iaoeee.
I?e yoii iaiaoiaeeii i?iaa?eoue niaethaeaiea onoaiiaeaiiie /eneaiiinoe
oi?aiauo ?aaioieeia, eco/eoue nenoaio iieaou e i?aaiecaoeeth o?oaea,
caeiiiia?iinoe eciaiaiey i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea e n?aaeiae
ca?aaioiie ieaou ?aaioieeia oi?aiaee.

Ia oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou aeeytho oaeea iieacaoaee, eae
n?aaeia-nieni/iay /eneaiiinoue oi?aiauo ?aaioieeia e n?aaeiyy ca?aaioiay
ieaoa iaeiiai ?aaioieea.

Oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou =

= oiaa?iiai?io
n?aaeiyy ca?aaioiay

n?aaeiyy au?aaioea X ieaoa
iaeiiai oi?aiaiai

ia iaeiiai oiaa?iiai
?aaioieea

?aaioieea

Ia?a?anoiae OCI ia?aaeei yaeyaony neaaenoaeai
ia?aaiiia?iiai auiieiaiey ieaia ?icie/iiai oiaa?iiai?ioa ioaeaeueiuie
iaaaceiaie, a aioo?e eo – ioaeaeaie, naeoeeyie, a?eaaaeaie ii ianyoeai
io/aoiiai ia?eiaea.

Ia i?aeoeea auaatho neo/ae, eiaaea iaeie oi?aiaua
i?aaei?eyoey a ioaeaeueiua ianyoeu io/aoiiai ia?eiaea ia auiieiytho ieai
oiaa?iiai?ioa e ?aaioieeai aeiiea/eaatho aei aa?aioeeiiai ieieioia (110%
ieeaaea ).

Ioiineoaeueiue ?ino oiiaea ca?aaioaiiie ieaou iiaeao
auoue ?acoeueoaoii eceeoanoa a ooaoao oi?aiauo ?aaioieeia eee oaaee/aiey
a iauae eo /eneaiiinoe aeiee aunieiiiea/eaaaiuo eaoaai?ee ?aaioieeia.
Iiyoiio neaaeoao eco/aoue ninoaa e no?oeoo?o /eneaiiinoe oi?aiauo
?aaioieeia, onoaiaaeeaaoue i?ioaaeoea a ieo eciaiaiey ii n?aaiaieth n
ieaiii e ii?aaeaeeoue aeeyiea yoeo eciaiaiee ia oiiae iieaou o?oaea.
Aiaeece?oy eniieueciaaiea ?aai/aai a?aiaie, eco/ay i?e/eiu oeaeiaeiaaiuo
e aioo?eniaiiuo i?inoiaa, ?ac?aaaouaay ?aoeeiiaeueiua a?aoeee auoiaeia
ia ?aaioo i?iaeaaoeia e ae?oaeo ?aaioieeia, i?eai ia ?aaioo ia iaiieiue
?aai/ee aeaiue e nie?auaiea ooaoia ?aaioieeia aiia?aoa niaeaenoaotho
iiauoaieth yooaeoeaiinoe o?oaea a oi?aiaea e yeiiiiee oiiaea ca?aaioaiie
ieaou.

?aiaa iaaeinoaoee e oiouaiey a ?aaioa oi?aiauo ?aaioieeia
(i?iaeaaea iaaeia?iea/anoaaiiuo oiaa?ia, ia?ooaiea i?aaee oi?aiaee,
iaee/ea aeaeia e o. ae. ) ia anaaaea oeene?iaaeenue. Nae/an, a oneiaeyo
aeanoeie eiieo?aioeee, iiaeiaiua ia?ooaiey “auetho” ii i?anoeaeo
oi?aiaiai i?aaei?eyoey. Iiyoiio, oeaeaniia?acii aaanoe nenoaio
aacaeaoaeoiiai o?oaea, iniiaaiioth ia eiee/anoaaiiie ioeaiea ea/anoaa
o?oaea, eioi?ay aoaeao au?aaeaoueny /a?ac eiyooeoeeaio ea/anoaa o?oaea.
Iaeaunoaa cia/aiea aai i?e?aaieaaaony e aaeeieoea. Ana oiouaiey e
iaaeinoaoee ioeaieaathony aaee/eiaie iaiueoa aaeeieoeu. Nieaeaiea
oaeoe/aneiai eiyooeoeeaioa ea/anoaa o?oaea aoaeao aeeyoue ia
eiyooeoeeaio o?oaeiaiai o/anoey e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, nieaeaoue
i?aieaeueiua auieaou.

E?iia ?anoiaeia ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo a ecaea?aeeao ia?auaiey
cia/eoaeueioth aeieth caieiatho ?anoiaeu, naycaiiua n iieaoie oa?eoia ca
o?ainii?oe?iaeo i?iaeoeoeee io i?iecaiaeeoaeae aei iaiin?aaenoaaiiuo
iio?aaeoaeae. Nouanoaaiiay yeiiiiey ii yoiio aeaeo cao?ao iiaeao auoue
aeinoeaiooa ca n/ao ?aoeeiiaeecaoeee ia?aaicie a?ocia e eniieueciaaiea
aioo?aiieo ?aca?aia i?e eo o?ainii?oe?iaea. I?aaeeueiue auai? o?ainii?oa
( aeaeaciiaei?iaeiue, aiaeiue, aaoiiiaeeueiue), i?aaeeueiia i?ee?aieaiea
oi?aiaiai i?aaei?eyoey e iinoaaueeo ( ecuneaiea aiciiaeiinoae
nio?oaeie/anoaa n iaeaieaa oa??eoi?eaeueii-i?eaeeaeaiiuie iinoaaueeaie),
iaeneiaeueiia eniieueciaaiea iia?oci/iuo iano, /oiau ieieiece?iaaoue
aeieth o?ainii?oiuo ?anoiaeia ia aaeeieoeo oiaa?a. Ana yoi iicaieeo
ii?aaeaeeoue iioeiaeueiue yeiiiie/aneee aa?eaio aeinoaaee oiaa?ia.

?anoiaeu ii i?ioeaioai ca iieueciaaiea aaieianeei e?aaeeoii
iaiin?aaenoaaiii naycaiu n ?acia?ii oiaa?iiai caiana. Aeaaiuie
oaeoi?aie, aucuaathueie iiauoaiea o?iaiy ?anoiaeia ii e?aaeeoo e eo
oaeaeueiiai aana, yaeyaony ?ino oiaa?iuo caiania e caiaaeeaiea
iai?a/eaaaiinoe oiaa?ia Oi?aiaua i?aaei?eyoey ?aniieaaatho ?aca?aaie
nie?auaiey yoeo ?anoiaeia.

I?inoia ia?a/eneaiea iniiaiuo iooae, eaeeie iiaeao
inouanoaeyoueny nieaeaiea ?anoiaeia ii e?aaeeoo, iiaeao iaaeyaeii
eeethno?e?iaaoue oe?ioo yoeo aiciiaeiinoae : ia?aauiieiaiea ieaia
oiaa?iiai?ioa; nieaeaiea oiaa?iuo caiania; oaaee/aiea iinooieaiee ec
ianoiuo enoi/ieeia e iiauoaiea oaeaeueiiai aana o?aiceoiuo ioa?ocie;
onei?aiea oiaa?iiai?ioa; oe?oiiaiea e niaoeeaeecaoeey oi?aiauo
i?aaei?eyoee.

I?ioeaiou ca iieueciaaiea aaieianeei e?aaeeoii a aieueoae
noaiaie, /ai eaeea-eeai eiua ?anoiaeu, caaenyo io nei?inoe
oiaa?iiai?ioa. Iiyoiio iaeaieaa aeoeaiie ia?ie ii nieaeaieth yoeo cao?ao
yaeyaony onei?aiea iai?a/eaaaiinoe oiaa?ia, /oi iaeiia?aiaiii aaaeao e
oiaiueoaieth aaee/eiu naiiai oiaa?iiai caiana.

Nieaeaiea ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey iiaeao auoue aeinoeaiooi i?e
?aoeeiiaeueiii aaaeaiee oa?iiai oicyenoaa, naiaa?aiaiiue ?aiiio e
aica?ao iai?ioiie oa?u, aa?aaeiia ia?auaiea e i?aaeeueiia o?aiaiea oa?u
nie?auaao ?anoiaeu ia oa?o, iniaaiii anee aa noieiinoue aoiaeeo a oeaio
i?iaeoeoeee.

A oiaea auoaia?a/eneaiiuo iiiaioia, iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue,
/oi a ieaie?iaaiee, o/aoa, io/aoiinoe e i?e aiaeeca ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey
eniieuecothony noieiinoiua iaoo?aeueiua e oaeaeueiua iieacaoaee.
Iniiaiuie yaeythony noieiinoiua iieacaoaee, auoaeathuea ec naiie
noieiinoe ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey. Aaniethoiua aeaiiua, au?aaeaaiua a
aeaiaaeiie oi?ia yaeythony aaaeiaeoei iieacaoaeai ?acia?a ecaea?aeae e
io?aaeathony a ieaiao, oaeouai o/aoa, io/aoiinoe e eniieuecothony i?e
aiaeeca.

Iaoo?aeueiua iieacaoaee i?eiaiythony a aiaeeca ecaea?aeae
ia?auaiey ia?aie/aii, e eniieuecothony i?e aiaeeca oaeeo noaoae
?anoiaeia, eioi?ua ii?aaeaeythony eiee/anoaii.

I?e aiaeeca ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey oe?iei i?eiaiyaony
iieacaoaeue-o?iaaiue ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey, oi anoue ioiioaiea
aaniethoiie noiiu ?anoiaeia e noiia ?icie/iiai eee iioiaiai
oiaa?iiai?ioa. O?iaaiue ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey yaeyaony iaeiei ec
aaaeiaeoeo ea/anoaaiiuo iieacaoaeae ?aaiou oi?aiaiai i?aaei?eyoey.

Iie?uoea ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey inouanoaeyaony ec iaoeaiee,
eioi?oth i?iecaiaeeo oi?aiaia i?aaei?eyoea. I?ineaaeei caaeneiinoue
iaaeaaaie io ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey ia a?aoeea. Aeey ecaaaeaiey io o?iaiy
eioeyoeee, eiaaea a noieiinoiii au?aaeaiee noiia iaaeaaaie aic?anoaao
i?iii?oeeiiaeueii noiia ecaea?aeae, aicueiai ioiineoaeueiua iieacaoaee
ii ine “X” – iaoeaiee a i?ioeaioao e oiaa?iiai?ioo ii ine “Y” –
ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey a i?ioeaioao e oiaa?iiai?ioo.

A?aoee 1.1 iieacuaaao acaeiinaycue e oaiaeaioeeth e ?inoo ca ?yae eao.
N iiauoaieai ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey aic?anoatho e iaoeaiee a iauae noiia
oiaa?iiai?ioa.

A nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo iaiaoiaeeii enoiaeeoue ec eiiuthieoo?u
?uiea e onoaiaaeeaaoue i?ioeaioiua iaaeaaaee a caaeneiinoe io ni?ina e
i?aaeeiaeaiey, no?iai auaaaeaiiua i?ioeaioiua noaaee ooiaeyo a i?ioeia.

A?aoee 1.1.

A?aoee caaeneiinoe iaoeaiie io ecaea?aeae

ia?auaiey ca 1992 – 1995 a.a.

14.8

14 14.7 15 15.9

Ecaanoii, /oi ?ac?ua oicyenoaaiiuo naycae iaaeaeo ?aaeiiaie e
i?aaei?eyoeyie, a oaeaea ae?oaea iaaaoeaiua yaeaiey a yeiiiieea
cia/eoaeueii nieceee iauaiu i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, auionea
iio?aaeoaeueneeo oiaa?ia. Ia anao i?aaei?eyoeyo ?anioaeeee, n eioi?uie
I?N iiaeaea?aeeaaao aeieain?i/iua aeiaiai?iua ioiioaiey, nie?aoeeny
auione i?iaeoeoeee, ii i?e yoii iiyaeeinue no?aieaiea iieo/aoue
iaeneiaeueioth i?eaueue, oaea?aeeaay aunieea oeaiu.

A oaeeo oneiaeyo, iaeiie ec caaea/ iinoaaeaiiuo ia?aae I?Nii
yaeyaony ?aaioa, naycaiiay n aa?aioeyie nioeeaeueiie caueou ?aaioieeia
aeaeaciie aei?iae a iio?aaeoaeueneie noa?a.

A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue, yoi ia?aueaaiea iauaiia e oeo/oaiea
ea/anoaa neiaeeaoeony oi?i e iaoiaeia oi?aiaiai ianeoaeeaaiey
aeaeaciiaei?iaeieeia e /eaiia eo naiae. Iai?eia?, oi?ie?othony oi?aiaua
iiacaea ( a 1995 aiaeo eo auei 7) n oeo/oaiiui anni?oeiaioii oiaa?ia,
yoeo oiaa?ia ?aaeeciaaii ii/oe ia 60 iei. ?oaeae.

Naaiaeiyoiee ?uiie oiaa?ia, ioiioaiee,
neeaaeuaathueeny

iaaeaeo iio?aaeoaeyie e iinoaaueeaie, noaayo ai aeaao aunieea
i?ioanneiiaeueiua e ii?aeueiua ea/anoaa ?aaioieeia oi?aiaee, eo
aeaeiaoth i?aaei?eei/eainoue e aeoeaiinoue, i?iaeoiaiiinoue e
iainiiaaiiinoue

eiiia?/aneiai ?enea, cia/aiea nouiinoe e oi?i nianoaaiiinoe, iaoaiecia
aeaenoaey iioiauo y?ia?ie e oiaa?iuo ae?ae, a oaeaea ae?oaeo aii?inia
naycaiiuo n nia?aiaiiuie oiaa?ii-aeaiaaeiuie ioiioaieyie.

Ia?yaeo n oaaee/aieai iauaiia oiaa?iuo ?ano?nia e
?anoe?aieai anni?oeiaioa i?iiuoeaiiuo e i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiuo oiaa?ia,
?aaeecoaiuo ?aaioieeai ioaeaeaiey, oi?aiaea ii cayaeai
aeaeaciiaei?iaeieeia e ae?oaeie oi?iaie aaaeiinoaaiiie oi?aiaee,
aaaeaony ?aaioa ii ?aeiino?oeoeee iauaeoia oi?aiaee, aiaae?ythony
oaoiieiaee oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey n i?eiaiaieai oa?u-iai?oaeiaaiey,
oaaee/eaaaony iinoaaea oiaa?ia a oaniaaiiii aeaea, iaania/eaathony
oieiaeeeueiui iai?oaeiaaieai e ae?oaei nia?aiaiiui
oi?aiai-oaoiieiae/aneei iai?oaeiaaieai i?aaei?eyoey, oi?aothuea
nei?iii?oyueieny i?iaeoeoaie. I?iaeieaeaaony iaoaieci oyaeaeuo
iia?oci/ii-?aca?oci/iuo ?aaio, iniaaiii a neeaaeneeo iiiauaieyo. A
ianoiyuaa a?aiy ana iaaaceiu eiatho eiio?ieueii-eanniaua aiia?aou,
eioi?ua oeo/oatho o/ao aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa.

Ec auoa eceiaeaiiie aeaau iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiaeu i oii, /oi
ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey aoiaeyo a eaai?oo iaeaaaeiaeoeo iieacaoaeae
oa?aeoa?ecothueo “iaiioiieyaiinoue” i?aaei?eyoey a oneiaeyo nia?aiaiiie
?uii/iie yeiiiieee. Iiyoiio i?e i?aaeeueiie i?aaiecaoeee o/aoa
ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey iiaeii auyaeoue ?aca?au iicaieythuea
iioeiece?iaaoue ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey e eae ?acoeueoao iiauneoue
o?iaaiue eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe i?aaei?eyoey a nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo.

Noaia aeieoiaioiiai?ioa I?Na Eacaineiai

ioaeaeaiey Ai?ueeianeie aeaeaciie aei?iae.

Aaaeiiinoue ?an/aoa
Naiaeiay aaaeiiinoue

noieiinoe e aii?oe-
ia/eneaiey ca?aaio-

caoeeiiiuo io/eneaiee
iie ieaou

iniiaiuo n?aaenoa

Aaaeiiinoue ii n/aoo 44

“Ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey”

Oaaeeoea ?an/aoa
AEo?iaeu-i?aea?a

eciina IAI
?? 1, 2, 5, 7, 8

Aeaaiay eieaa

Aaeain

OAAEEOeA 2. I. I

?an/ao o?ainii?oiuo ?anoiaeia e
aaieianeiai i?ioeaioa

ia inoaoie oiaa?ia ca aeaeaa?ue 1995 a. a I?Na Eacaineiai

ioaeaeaiey Ai?ueeianeie aeaeaciie aei?iae.

Naeueaei ia Iai?iou I?aaeaa?e- Ooi/iaiiue Inoaoie
Eoiai N?aaeiee % O?ainii?o.

ia/aei ia- ca aeaeaa?ue oaeueiia oiaa?iiai- oiaa?ia
(a?.4+a?.5) a?.3*100 ?anoiaeu e

nyoea naeueaei ?io
a?.6 aaie. %

ia ino. oia. a?.5*a?.7

100

_

1 2 3 4
5 6 7
8 _

32900629 54760910 87661539 2663782991 1901212274
456995265 1,92 36503276

1.1. Cia/aiea e caaea/e aooaaeoa?neiai

o/?oa a i?ioeanna oi?ie?iaaiey oe-

iainiaie eioi?iaoeee ia ecaea?aeeao

ia?auaiey.

A nenoaia oi?aaeaiey oi?aiaie aeayoaeueiinoueth aieueooth
?ieue

ea?aao naiaa?aiaiiinoue e iieiay iaania/aiiinoue
yeiiiie/aneiai

aiaeeca e niioaaonoaaiii oi?aaeaiey iaiaoiaeeiie eioi?iaoeeae,

iicaieythuae iaania/eaaoue aeinoiaa?ioth ioeaieo ?acoeueoaoia
oicyeno-

aaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe oi?aiaie i?aaiecaoeee. Oicyenoaaiiue o/?o, ii-

neaaeiaaoaeueii io?aaeay e nenoaiaoe/anee eiio?iee?oy
oicyenoaai-

ioth aeayoaeueiinoue, iaania/eaaao i?aaiu eiio?iey eioi?iaoeeae,
iaia-

oiaeeiie aeey iia?aoeaiiai, oaeouaai, ia?niaeoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey ia-

uanoaaiiui i?iecaiaenoaii.

Cia/aiea o/?oa iaoeeiiii aic?anoaao a nia?aiaiiuo
neiae-

yo inouanoaeaiey ia? ii oaeoaeaieth oicyenoaaiiie
naiinoiyoaeue-

iinoe e ecia?aieth oi?i nianoaaiiinoe. Aicieeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue

ioeaca io eiinoaoaoeee oaea naa?oeaoaainy oaeoa e eceiaeaiey
?ao-

?iniaeoeaiuo aeaiiuo. Iiyaeyaony ia eo aaca iaiaoiaeeiinoue au?aaio-

ee iaeaieaa ia?niaeoeaiuo, auaiaeiuo iai?aaeaiee ?acaeoey, a nayce

n /ai aieueoia aieiaiea oaeaeyaony oi?aaeai/aneiio o/?oo.

Aooaaeoa?neee o/?o iicaieyao naiaa?aiaiii io?aaeaoue i?i-

ecaaae?iiua ?anoiaeu e eiio?iee?iaaoue oiae auiieiaiey ieaia ii ec-

aea?aeeai ia?auaiey, ?anoiaeiaaiey iaoa?eaeueiuo, o?oaeiauo oeiaini-

auo n?aaenoa. Ii niinianoaoao no?iaeaeoaio niaethaeaieth niaoii – oe-

iainiaie aeenoeeieeiu e ?aaeeia yeiiiiee, iiauoaiey ?aioaaaeueiinoe

i?aaei?eyoey.

Aeey i?aaeeueiie i?aaiecaoeee aooaaeoa?neiai o/?oa
ecaea?aeae

ia?auaiey ia?ainoaiaiiia cia/aiea eiaao naiaa?aiaiii e iaaeeaaea-

uei ia?acii ioi?ieaiiay ia?ae/iay aeieoiaioaoeey.

O/?o ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey no?ieony a niioaaonoaee n
ii?yae-

eii eo ieaie?iaaiey. I?e ieaie?iaaiee e o/?oa aeieaeiu auoue iaan-

ia/aiu aaeeinoai e niiinoaaeiinoue iieacaoaeae e aea?aeae a
ieaia,

o/?oa e io/?oiinoe. Aeaiiua o/?oa ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey eniieuecothony

aeey ioeaiee auiieiaiey ieaia a oeaeii ii oi?aiaiio i?aaei?eyoeth.

O/?o ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey a I?Na Eacaineiai ioaeaeaiey
Ai?ue-

eianeie aeaeaciie aei?iae aaae?ony ia iniiaa «Iieiaeaiey ii ninoaao

cao?ao, aeeth/aaiuo a naaanoieiinoue i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaio, oneoa»,
oo-

aa?aeae?iiiai 1 ethey 1995 aiaea i?aaeoaeuenoaii ?O.O/?o ecaea?aeae
ia?auaiey i?aaeiieaaaaony i?aaeeueiia e naiaa?aiaiiia ioi?ieaiea
aeieoiaioia anao ?anoiaeia e io?aaeaiea eo a o/?oiuo ?aaeno?ao.
Neioaoe/aneee o/?o ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey aaae?ony ia n/?oa 44
«Ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey». Caiene a aeaaao yoiai n/?oa inouanoaeyaony ia
iniiaa aeieoiaioia, ioi?ieaiiuo aeieaeiui ia?acii e io?aaeathueo
?anoiaeiaaiea aeioiaeia, ca?aaioiie ieaou, aeaiaaeiuo
n?aaenoa,iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae, eae i?aaeei ii ia?a eo niaa?oaiey.

A i?aeoeea ?aaiou oi?aiauo i?aaiecaoeee e i?aaei?eyoee aic

ieeaao i?iecaiaenoaaiiay iaiaoiaeeiinoue i?aaeaa?eoaeueiie iieaou

iaeioi?uo ?aaio e oneoa, eioi?uie aoaeoo iieueciaaoueny a ?aaenoiy-

uea ia?eiaeu (auienea ia?eiaee/aneie eeoa?aoo?u, aaainiaay iiea-

oa ca a?aiaeo iiiauaiee e ae?.). A oaeeo neo/ayo n oeaeueth ?aaiiia?ii-

ai io?aaeaiey cao?ao ii ia?eiaeai e iieo/aiey ?aaeueiuo oeiaini-

auo ?acoeueoaoia anth noiio i?iecaaae?iiuo ?anoiaeia ia 31 «?anoiaeu

aoaeeueo ia?eiaeia» n iineaaeothuei ?aaiiia?iui nienaieai ia ec-

a i?aaiecaoeeyo e i?aaei?eyoeyo oi?aiaee ?aca?ae?otho ?anoiaeu ii
oiaa?iui iioa?yi a i?aaeaeao ii?i anoanoaaiiie oauee, ?anoiaeu ia
oaeouee ?aiiio, iieaoo i/a?aaeiuo ioioneia.Ana ?anoiaeu, yaeythueany
ecaea?aeeaie ia?auaiey, niae?atho a oa/aiea ianyoea ii aeaaaoo n/?oa
44. A eiioea ianyoea ii?aaeaeytho aeieth ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey,
ioiinyuothny e ?aaeeciaaiiui oiaa?ai e e inoaoeo oiaa?ia.

Ia inoaoie oiaa?ia ioiinyo aeieth o?ainii?oiuo
?anoiaeia e

ieaoo ca iieueciaaiea aaieianeei i?ioeaioii a i?aaeaeao noaaee OeA

?innee. Ana ae?oaea aeaeu cao?ao ioiinyony e ?aaeeciaaiiui oiaa?ai.

Oaeei ia?acii, naeueaei eiia/ii ii n/?oo 44 – noiia o?ainii?oiuo

?anoiaeia ia inoaoie oiaa?ia e aaieianeiai i?ioeaioa.

Ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey ia ?aaeeciaaiiua oiaa?u nienuaathony n

e?aaeeoa n/?oa 44 a aeaaao n/?oa 80 ( n 1996 aiaea a aeaaao
n/?oa 46

«?aaeecaoeey i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaio, oneoa» ).

O?ainii?oiua ?anoiaeu e aaieianeee i?ioeaio
?ani?aaeaeyaony

iaaeaeo ?aaeeciaaiiuie oiaa?aie e inoaoeii ia?aaeeciaaiiuo oiaa-

?ia ii n?aaeiaio i?ioeaioo ( ?an/?o a oaaeeoea 2.1.1. ).

N?aaeiee _ Naeueaei ii n/.44 ia ia/aei ianyoea + o?ainii?oiua ?anoiaeu

i?ioeaio Ooi/i?iiue oiaa?iiai?io + Inoaoie oiaa?ia ia eiiaoe

ca io/?oiue ianyoe + Aaieianeee i?ioeaio 100 %

ianyoe

Noiia o?ainii?oiuo ?anoiaeia e aaieianeiai i?ioeaioa
ia

inoaoie oiaa?ia ii?aaeaeyaony ioo?i oiiiaeaiey n?aaeiaai i?ioeaioa

ia noiio inoaoea oiaa?ia.

Ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey ia ?aaeeciaaiiua oiaa?u ii?aaeaeythony

neaaeothuei ia?acii:

Ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey ia inoaoie oiaa?ia ia ia/aei
ianyoea

( naeueaei ia/aeueiia ii n/?oo 44 ) + Anaai ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey ca
io-

/aoiue ianyoe ( aeaaaoiaue iai?io ii n/?oo 44 ) – Noiio o?ainii?oiuo

?anoiaeia e aaieianeiai i?ioeaioa ia inoaoie oiaa?ia ( naeueaei
ei-

ia/iia ii n/?oo 44 ).

Neioaoe/aneee o/?o ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey aaae?ony a
Aeaaiie

eieaa. Aiaeeoe/aneee o/?o aaae?ony a niaoeeaeueiie aaaeiiinoe,
iin-

o?iaiiie ii n/?oo 44 « Ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey ». A aaaeiiinoe iaoiaeyo

io?aaeaiea aeaiiua i oaeoe/aneeo ecaea?aeeao ca io/?oiue ianyoe.

A aaaeiiinoe ii n/.44 « Ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey » iaoiaeyo
io?aaea-

iea aeaiiua n ?aciuo aeo?iaeia-i?aea?ia: aeo?iae- i?aea? ? 1«Eanna»,

aeo?iae-i?aea? ? 2 « ?an/?oiue n/?o », aeo?iae-i?aea? ? 5 « ?an/?ou n

iinoaaueeaie », aeo?iae-i?aea? ? 7 «?an/?ou n iiaeio/?oiuie eeoeaie,

n/?o ? 71 aeo?iae-i?aea? ? 8 « ?an/?ou n ?aciuie aeaaeoi?aie e e?aaee-

oi?aie », aeaiiua naiaeiie aaaeiiinoe ia/eneaiey ca?aaioiie ieaou ;

aaaeiiinoe ?an/?oa noieiinoe e aii?oecaoeeiiiuo io/eneaiee iniia-

iuo n?aaenoa ; ?ac?aaioi/iie oaaeeoeu ?an/?oa eciina IIA.

Auyaeaiiua a aaaeiiinoe ii no.44 e?aaeeoiaua iai?iou
caie-

nuaatho a Aeaaioth eieao ii ei??aniiiaee?othuei n/aoai. Aeaaaoiaua

noiiu ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey, iieacaiiua a aaaeiiinoe, nienuaathony ia

inoaoie ia?aaeeciaaiiuo ia eiiaoe io/?oiiai ia?eiaea oiaa?ia.

I. Aeaenoaothuay nenoaia o/aoa ecaea?aeae

ia?auaiey e iooe aa niaa?oainoaiaaiey

2.1. Aiaeeoe/aneee e neioaoe/aneee o/ao

ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey.

Oi?aaeai/aneee o/?o-yoi i?ioeann a ?aieao i?aaiecaoeee, eioi?ue

iaania/eaaao aiia?ao eioi?iaoeeae, eniieuecoaiie aeey ieaie?iaaiey ,

nianoaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey e eiio?iey ca aeayoaeueiinoueth i?aaei?eyoey
.

Yoio i?ioeann aeeth/aao, ecia?aiea, nai?, aiaeec , iiaeaioiaeo,
ia?aaea-

/o , i?e?i eioi?iaoeee , iaiaoiaeeiie oi?aaeai/aneiio aiia?aoo, aeey

auiieiaieth aai ooieoeee.

Eioi?iaoeey, eniieuecoaiay a oi?aaeai/aneii o/?oa – yoi
eoiaiaay

eioi?iaoeey. Aeey iiieiaiey yoie eioi?iaoeee iaiaoiaeeiu ii?aaeae?iiua
cia/aiey i i?ienoiaeaeaiee ia?ae/iie eioi?iaoeee, ii ia aieaa oiai, /oi
iaiaoiaeeii aeey iiieiaiey eoiaiauo ?acoeueoaoia.

Iaaeyaeii i?ineaaeeaaaony yoio iooue a iinoaoaeiii o/?oa
ecaea?aeae

ia?auaiey. Aiaeeoe/aneee o/?o aea?o aeaoaeueioth oa?aeoa?enoeeo
?anoiaeia ii noaoueyi, /oi iaiaoiaeeii aeey iia?aoeaiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa e
eiio?iey, a oaeaea inouanoaeaiey ia?ii?eyoee ii nie?auaieth ecaea?aeae
ia?auaiey, oneeaieth ?aaeeia yeiiiieee e iiauoaieth ?aioaaaeueiinoe.

Neioaoe/aneee o/?o ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey aaae?ony ia n/?oao ii
eo

i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe: «Ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey i?aaei?eyoee ?icie/iie
oi?aiaee», «Ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey iioiauo i?aaei?eyoee» e o.i. Iauay
noiia ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey io?aaeaaony ia n/?oa 44 «Ecaea?aeee
ia?auaiey». Ii aeaaaoo n/?oa 44 ia i?ioyaeaiee io/?oiiai aiaea
o/eouaathony noiiu i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ?anoiaeia, a ii e?aaeeoo – noiia
aeioiaeia, /anoe/ii aiciauathueo ?anoiaeu. Aeaaaoiaia naeueaei n/?oa 44
aei eiioea aiaea io?aaeaao ia?anoathuee n ia/aea aiaea ?acia?
ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey , iaeiaei a iany/iuo, eaa?oaeueiuo aaeainao (
io/?oao ) naeueaei yoiai n/?oa ca eneeth/aieai ?anoiaeia ii caaico,
ioiinyueony e inoaoeo oiaa?ia, ia i?iaiaeeony. Iii ioiineony ia n/?o 80
«I?eaueue e oauoee»

aac aooaaeoa?neeo i?iaiaeie.

A o/?oa aeieaeiu auoue iieiinoueth io?aaeaiu ana
i?iecaiaenoaaiiua

?anoiaeu aeaiiiai io/aoiiai ia?eiaea. ?anoiaeu iaaeeaaeeo ioiineoue ia
ec

aea?aeee ia?auaiey oiai ia?eiaea, a n/?o eioi?iai iie i?iecaaaeaiu,

iacaaeneii io a?aiaie eo i?aaeaa?eoaeueiie ( iai?eia?, a?aiaeiay iea-

oa) eee iineaaeothuae (iai?eia?, i?aiee ca auiieiaiea eaa?oaeueiiai

ieaia) iieaou. Ioaeaeueiua cao?aou, oaeea eae cao?aou ii oaeouaio

?aiiioo, aiciauaiea eciina IAI, anoanoaaiiay oaueue oiaa?ia e ae?o-

aea, a ioiioaiee eioi?uo iaeuecy oi/ii onoaiiaeoue, eaeiai ia?eiaea

iie eanathony, aeeth/athony a ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey a niaoii-iiiaieea-

oo?iii ii?yaeea.?anoiaeu, i?iecaiaenoaaiiua a aeaiiii io/aoiii ia?ei-

aea a /anoe, ioiinyuaeny e aoaeouei io/aoiui ia?eiaeai (?anoiaeu ii
?aeeaia, iiaeaioiaea eaae?ia, aiaeec oiaa?ia e ae?oaea), io?aaeathony ia
n/aoa 31 «?anoiaeu aoaeoueo ia?eiaeia». Caoai aaeaiany/ii
niioaaonoaothuea noiiu oaeoe/aneeo ?anoiaeia, o/oaiiua ia n/aoa 31
ia?a/eneythony ii i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe ia n/ao 44 «Ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey».

Neioaoe/aneee o/ao iaania/eaaao oieueei eiio?ieue ca
iauae

noiiie ?anoiaeia. Ii ia ioaa/aao o?aaiaaieyi iia?aoeaiiai eiio?iey

e oi?aaeaiey ?anoiaeaie a oi?aiaie naoe n o/aoii oeaeaniia?aciinoe

e i?iecaiaenoaaiiie iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?iecaaaeaiiuo cao?ao. Iiyoiio

ia?yaeo n neioaoe/aneei i?aaiecoaony aiaeeoe/aneee o/ao
ecaea?aeae

ia?auaiey a iiiaieeaoo?a i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ?anoiaeia ii ioaeaeueiui

noaoueyi a ioaeaeueiii o/?aaeaeaiee, a oeaeii ii oi?aiaie naoe I?Na.

Oi?aiaua oi/ee, iaoiaeyueany ia naiinoiyoaeueiii aaeaina, aaaeoo
aiaeeoe/aneee e neioaoe/aneee o/ao ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey naiinoiyoaeueii.
I?e yoii, ?anoiaeu ii ioaeaeueiui noaoueyi io?aaeathony a a?oiie?iai/iie
aaaeiiinoe .

A oaaeeoea 2. 2. 1. I?eaaaeaiu i?eia?u io?aaeaiey iia?aoeee,
naycaiiuo n ecaea?aeeaie ia?auaiey ia n/aoao aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa.

Oaaeeoea 2. 2. 1.

Io?aaeaiea ia n/aoao aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa iia?aoeee ,

naycaiiuo n ecaea?aeeaie ia?auaiee

Niaea?aeaiea
Aeaaao E?aaeeo

1. Eniieueciaaiu oiaa?u aeey nianoaaiiuo

ioaeae
44- 2 41-2

Iaeioi?ua ?anoiaeu, iiea/aiiua iaee/iuie 42-2 50

?anoiaeu, iiea/aiiua n ?an/?oiiai n/?oa

i?ioeaiou ca e?aaeeo e ae?oaea
42-2 51-1

Caaeieaeaiiinoe iaeiaiaui i?aaiai ii iaeiaai,

io/eneaieyi e nai?ai, io?aae?iiuie a ecaea?ae- 44-2
68-1

eao ia?auaiey

iaoa?eaeueiue ?anoiae
44 10

eciin IAI e IN
44 13,02

Io/eneaiey ia nioeeaeueiia no?aoiaaiea e 44-2
69-1,2,3

iaania/aiea

?anoiae ii
?an/?oai 44 60,76

44 70,69,67

Eioi?iaoeey i o?ainii?oiuo ?anoiaeao a oa/aiea ianyoea
niae-

?aaony a aeo?iaea-i?aea?a ? 5 «?an/aou n iinoaaueeaie». Aeaiiua aeey

caiene a yoio ?aaeno? aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa aa?oony ec ia?ae/iuo
aeieoiaioia (iooaaua eenou, aaaeiiinoe ii nienaieth ai?th/aai) e
ec

ia?ae/iuo aeieoiaioia iinoaaueeia (oiaa?ii-o?ainii?oiua iaeeaae-

iua, n/aoa-oaeoo?u e ae?. ). A eiioea io/aoiiai ianyoea noiia
o?ainii?oiuo ?anoiaeia ec aeo?iaea -i?aea?a ? 5 ia?aiinyo a aaaeiiinoue
ii n/aoo 44, ia yoo noiio ninoaaeyaony ei??aniiiaeaioeey Ae-44 E-60.

A ia/aea aiaea aooaaeoa?ey ioe?uaaao «Aaaeiiinoue ?an/aoa
noieiinoe e aii?oecaoeeiiiuo io/eneaiee», aaea i?eaiaeyo ana eiathueany
a iaee/ee iniiaiua n?aaenoaa, eae nianoaaiiua, oae e a?aiaeiaaiiua. A
yoie aaaeiiinoe i?iecaiaeeony ii iauaeoiue ?an/ao
aii?oecaoeeiiiuo io/eneaiee a niioaaonoaee n aaeainiaie noieiinoueth e
ii?iaie aii?oecaoeee. A aaaeiiinoe ii n/. 44 ia?aiinyony aeaa
aii?oecaoeeiiiuo io/eneaiee : ii nianoaaiiui iniiaiui n?aaenoaai
Ae-44 E-02/1 e

a?aiaeiaaiiui iniiaiui n?aaenoaai Ae-44 E-02/2.

Noiio a?aiaeiie ieaou io?aaeatho a aaaeiiinoe ii n/. 44
e ninoaaeytho ei??aniiiaeaioeeth n/aoia Ae-44 E-76. Aooaaeoa?ey
aeaeaao ?an/ao a?aiaeiie ieaou a aooaaeoa?neie ni?aaea a niioaaonoaee n
iauae a?aiaeoaiie ieiuaaeueth e a?aiaeiie noaaeie.

?an/ao eciina nai.-e niaoe. Iaeaaeaeu e IAI i?iecaiaeyo a
?ac?aaioi/ioe oaaeeoea ? 8. A eiioea ianyoea noiia eciina
ia?aiineony

a aaaeiiinoue ii n/. 44 e ioi?ieyaony caienueth Ae-44 E-13.

Aeaiiua iioa?ue oiaa?ia a i?aaeaeao ii?i anoanoaaiiie
oauee

aa?oony ec niioaaonoaothueo ni?aai/ieeia (a /anoiinoe ec eino?oeoeee
io 2 ai?aey 1987 aiaea «Ia ooaa?aeaeaiee ii?i anoanoaaiiie oauee
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oiaa?ia a oi?aiaea e eo i?eiaiaieth»), eioi?ua
eiathony ia eaaeaeue aeae oiaa?a a caaeneiinoe io eo niaoeeoeee. Iioa-

?e oiaa?ia aicieeatho a ?acoeueoaoa eiee/anoaaiiiai oiaiueoaiey

iannu i?iaeoeoa eee oooaeoaiey ea/anoaa oaeiai i?iaeoeoa. Nie?auaiea
oiaa?iuo iioa?ue a noa?a ia?auaiey niinianoaotho : oe?oiiaiea oi?aiauo
i?aaei?eyoee, iniauaiea eo oieiaeeeueiui iai?oaeiaaieai, ?anoe?aiea
oi?aiaee oiaa?aie i?iiuoeaiiie ?anoaniaee, nieaeaiea naa?oii?iaoeaiuo
oiaa?iuo caiania e onei?aiea iai?a/eaaaiinoe oiaa?ia, oaaee/aiea
o?aiceoiuo ?aca?ocie e caeoiee oiaa?ia o ianoiuo i?iecaiaeeoaeae,
nieaeaiea a iauai oiaa?iiai?ioa oaeaeueiiai aana i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiuo
oiaa?ia.

?an/ao anoanoaaiiie oauee ia oiaa?u, ia?aaeaiiua a
?icieoeo,

ninoaaeyao a neaaeothuai ii?yaeea : e noiia anoanoaaiiie oauee
ia

oaeoe/aneea inoaoee oiaa?ia ii aeaiiui eiaaioa?ecaoeee ia ia/aei

io/aoiiai ia?eiaea aeiaaaeyaony noiia en/eneaiiie i?eauee ii
aeieoiaioai ia iinooieaoea ca yoio ia?eiae oiaa?u e eneeth/aaony oaueue,
en/eneaiiay ii aeieoiaioai ia oiaa?u (ioiouaiiua ae?oaei iaaaceiai,
oeeeaeai iaaaceiia, a oaeaea i?iaeaiiua a ii?yaeea iaeeiai iioa
nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iui o/?aaeaeaieyi e ae?. i?aaei?eyoeyi,
o/?aaeaeaieyi, e i?aaiecaoeeyi; aica?auaiiua iinoaaueeai e naeaiiua ia
ia?a?aaioeo ;nienaiiua ii aeoai aneaaenoaea eiia, e?ioaiey, ii?/,
nieaeaiey ea/anoaa , caaana e iia?aaeaeaiey oa?u), a oaeaea ia
oaeoe/aneee inoaoie oiaa?ia ii eiaaioa?eciaaiiie iiene ia
eiiaoe io/aoiiai ia?eiaea.

I?e iaee/ee a ?icie/iii oi?aiaii i?aaei?eyoee iia?aoeee ii

iioiaiio eee iaeeiiioiaiio ioioneo e ?aaeecaoeee oiaa?ia a oii

aea ii?yaeea ninoaaeythony ioaeaeueiua ?an/aou anoanoaaiiie oauee.

Ii?ia e noiia anoanoaaiiie oauee, ia/eneaiiay ii
eiaaioa?ecaoeeiiiui iienyi e ii ia?ae/iui oiaa?iui aeieoiaioai,
i?inoaaeythony ia iiey oeacaiiuo oiaa?iuo aeieoiaioia.

Ii?io anoanoaaiiie oauee ia oiaa?u iiaeii ?ann/eoaoue e
ae?oaei niiniaii :

?aaeeciaaii oiaa?a=Inoaoie oiaa?a ia ia/aei (ii aeaiiui i?aaeuaeouae
eiaaioa?ecaoeee)+ iinooieaiea oiaa?a ca ia?eiae – I?i/ee ?anoiae –
Inoaoie oiaa?a ia eiiaoe ia?eiaea.

Noiia anoanoaaiiie oauee oiaa?a = (?aaeeciaaii oiaa?a x

I?ioeaio anoanoaaiiie oauee) : 100%.

Iaaeinoa/a oiaa?ia a i?aaeaeao ii?i anoanoaaiiie oauee
nienuaaaony ia ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey, oae eae anoanoaaiiay oaueue
oiaa?ia

?ann/eouaaaony ii aeaiiui eiaaioa?ecaoeee, a eiaaioa?ecaoeey i?iaiaeeony
ia ?eoie/ii, nicaeatho ?aca?a ia nienaiea oiaa?ia a i?aaeaeao ii?i
Ae-44 E-89.

A aeaiiie noaouea «?anoiaeu ii o?aiaieth, oiaeiaea,
ni?oe?iaea oiaa?ia» io?aaeaaony a noiiiaii au?aaeaiee ?anoiaeu
oiaeiai/iuo e

iaa?oi/iuo iaoa?eaeia (aoiaaa, oeaeeioai, oiaaao e o. ae. ) i?e oaniaea
e ni?oe?iaea i?iaeoeoia aeey i?eaeaiey oiaa?iiai aeaea. Noiia

ii aeaiiie noaouea ioi?ieyaony caienueth Ae-44 E-10.

Ieaoa ca aiaeiniaaaeaiea, oiieea, yeaeo?iyia?aeth.

Yoi n/aoa i?aaeuyaeaiiua ni noi?iiu aiaeieaiaea,
yia?aiiaaeci?a e ae?oaeo i?aaiecaoeee eiiioiaeueii-auoiaiai
ianeoaeeaaiey. Noiiu ii i?aaeuyaeaiiui e iieaoa n/aoai ioiinyony
a Ae-44 e E-76 e

io?aaeathony a aaaeiiinoe ii n/.44

?anoiaeu ii oa?a oaeaea o/eouaatho ia n/. 44. E iei
ioiinyony

?anoiaeu ii nai?o oa?u, a? ia?aaicea, ?aiiioo, iioa?e ii oa?a e nienaiea
oa?u a onoaiiaeaiiue n?ie. Aiaeeoe/aneee o/?o aaae?ony a aaaeiiinoe ii
n/.44.

Iniiaiuie ii?iaoeaiuie aeoaie ?aaoee?othueie i?aaeea e
ii?yaeie aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa a ?O, yaeythony “Iieiaeaiea i
aooaaeoa?neii o/aoa e io/aoiinoe a ?O” (ooa. i?eeac Ieioeia ?O io
26.12.94. ? 170), iieiaeaiea i aooaaeoa?neii o/aoa “O/aoiay iieeoeea
i?aaei?eyoey” (i?eeac Ieioeia io 28.07.94 ?10) e oaaea?aeueiue caeii “I
aooaaeoa?neii o/aoa”.

Ia/eiay n 1 yiaa?y 1995 aiaea eae e ia ae?oaeo
i?aaei?eyoeyo a I?Na Eacaineiai ioaeaeaiey AAEAe ?ac?aaioaia e
ioi?ieaia i?eeacii “O/aoiay iieeoeea i?aaei?eyoey”- yoi niaieoiiinoue
niiniaia aaaeaiey aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa eca?aiuo i?aaei?eyoeai a ea/anoaa
niioaaonoaothueo oneiaeyi oicyenoaiaaiey. Iniiaiuie iiiaioaie yoiai
i?eeaca yaeythony ii?aaeaeaiea au?o/ee io ?aaeecaoeee i?aaei?eyoeai
oiaa?ia ii iiiaioo ioa?ocee, aaaeaiea o/aoa ii aeo?iaeueii-i?aea?iie
oi?ia e o/ao ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey ia n/aoa 44.

A ninoaa ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey aoiaeyo io/eneaiey a
?aiiioiue oiiae. ?aiiioiua ?aaiou a I?Na Eacaineiai ioaeaeaiey AAEAe
iiae?acaeaeythony ia oaeouea e eaieoaeueiua. Oaeouea inouanoaeythony
niano

aaiiuie neeaie e ioiinyony ia ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey a oii aea ia?eiaea,
eiaaea eiaee ianoi. Iie neeaaeuaathony ec ?anoiaea iaoa?eaeia (
iaeeaaeiua e aaainiaui io/?oai ), ca?ieaoa ?aai/eo ( naiaiaeiay
aaaeiiinooue ii ca?ieaoa ) e o.ae. Eaieoaeueiue ?aiiio inouanoaeyaony ii
caiieiaiiui aeiaiai?ai-iiae?yaea e oeiaine?oaony ec niaoeeaeueiiai
oiiaea ia?aciaaiiiai aeey yoeo oeaeae /a?ac 89 n/?o «?aca?a i?aaenoiyueo
?anoiaeia e ieaoaaeae».

Aieueoay iiiaieeaoo?a noaoae ii i?i/ei ecaea?aeeai
ia?auaiey ioiineony e iieaoa n/aoia ?acee/iuo i?aaiecaoeee
(aiaaaaeiinoaaiiie io?aiu; iaoeiin/?oiie noaioeee e au/eneeoaeueiiai
oeaio?a; AON; aaiea ca eieannaoeeth aeaiaa e o.ae.). Ana noiiu ii yoei,
i?aaeuyaeaiiui e iieaoa ioiinyony a Ae-44 e E-76.

A ninoaa i?i/eo ecaea?aeae aoiaeyo eiiaiaee?iai/iua
?anoiaeu. Ia 44 n/?o ioiineony oieueei ?aaeaiaioe?oaiay ainoaea?noaii
aaee/eia eiiaiaee?iai/iuo ?anoiaeia, a inoaeueiay eo /anoue nienuaaaony
ca n/?o i?eauee, inoathuaeny a ?anii?yaeaiee oi?aiaiai i?aaei?eyoey.
Iiyoiio aooaaeoa?ey iaycaia caeiiiinoue eiiaiaee?iaee, iainiiaaiiinoue
i?iecaaae?iiuo ?anoiaeia ii aaainiaiio io/?oo, niioaaonoaea eo
ooaa?aeae?iiui ii?iaoeaai iieaou e ?ann/eoaoue noiio, iiaeeaaeauoth
ioianaieth ia ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey. Ia iniiaaiee aaainiauo io/?oia
aeaeathony caiene a aeo?iae-i?aea? ? 7. A eiioea ianyoea iauay noiia ii
e?aaeeoo n/.71 ia?aiineony a aaaeiiinoue ii aeaaaoo n/.44.

Aiciauaiea eiiaiaee?iai/iuo ?anoiaeia ?aaioieeaie
ieienoa?noa, aaaeiinoa, ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee, i?aaiecaoeee e
o/- ?aaeaeaiee, oeiaine?oaiuo ca n/?o n?aaenoa athaeaeaoa, i?iecaiaeeony
a i?aaeaeao anneaiiaaiee, auaeaeaiiuo ia eo niaea?aeaiea.

Ioaeaeueiie noaoue?e a i?i/eo ecaea?aeeao ia?auaiey
auaeaeythony iaycaoaeueiua iaeiaiaua ieaoaaee.

Iaeia ia iieueciaaoaeae aaoiiiaeeueiuo aei?ia (0.3% io
oiaa?iiai?ioa).

Iaeia n aeaaeaeueoeaa o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa ( 1% io
oiiaea iieaou o?oaea ).

Iaeia ia i?eia?aoaiea o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa (10-20% io
i?iaeaaeiie oeaiu ( aac IAeN e aeoeecia ) n?aaenoaa eaeoo ia
oeiaine?iaaiea cao?ao, naycaiiuo n niaea?aeaieai, ?aiiioii,
?aeiino?oeoeeae e no?ieoaeuenoaii aaoiiiaeeueiuo aei?ia ).

Iaeia, iai?aaeyaiue a yeieiae/aneee oiiae, n?aaenoaa
io/eneythony niaeanii ?an/?oa eaeoo ia iiaeaea?aeaiea /enoiou a
ai?iaeao, io?aio ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, icaeaiaiea.

Iaeia aaooia aeeeue? (0.3 % io aaeiaiai aeioiaea )
n?aaenoaa eaeoo ia niin noa?iai aeeeuey e no?ieoaeuenoaa iiaiai.

Ia ecaea?aeee ioiinyo o?e aeaea iaeiaa : a yeieiae/aneee
oiiae

Ae-44 E-67 ; iaeia ia aaooia aeeeue? Ae-44 E-67; o?ainii?oiue iaeia
Ae-44

E-68; iaeia ia iieueciaaoaeae aaoiaei?ia Ae-44 E-67.

O/?o ca?aaioiie ieaou ia enneaaeoaiii i?aaei?eyoee
aaoiiaoece?iaai. Ii aaae?ony ia iniiaa oaaaey o/?oa ?aai/aai a?aiaie,
aaea i?inoaaeyaony a?aiy auoiaea e ia auoiaea ia ?aaioo, eiee/anoai
io?aaioaiiuo /ania ca ianyoe. Aaoiiaoece?iaaiiui ioo?i iieo/atho
«Aaaeiiinoue ia/eneaiee e oaea?aeaiee» e eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua ?an/?oiua
ei?aoee, eioi?ua aeeaeaathony a eeoeaaua n/aoa. Ia iniiaa «Aaaeiiinoe

ia/eneaiee e oaea?aeaiee» ninoaaeyaony a?o/ioth «naiaeiay aaaeiiinoue
ia/eneaiey ca?aaioiie ieaou», eoia eioi?ie ia?aiineony a aaaeiiinoue ii
n/.44.

A naiaeiie aaaeiiinoe i?eaiaeeony e iauea noiiu io/eneaiee
ia

nioeeaeueiua ioaeaeu:

Ae-44 E-69/1 io/eneaiey ia nioeeaeueiia no?aoiaaiea e
iaania/aiea;

Ae-44 E-69/2 io/eneaiey a iaineiiiue oiiae;

Ae-44 E-69/3 io/eneaiea ia iaaeeoeeineia no?aoiaaiea;

Ae-44 E-69 io/eneaiey a oiiae caiyoinoe.

Noaia aeieoiaioia ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa.

Oaaaeue o/?oa eniieueciaaiey ?aai/aai a?aiaie (o.? O-13A)

?an/?oiua ei?aoee

Aaaeiiinoue ia/eneaiee e oaea?aeaiee

Naiaiaeiay aaaeiiinoue ia/eneaiee e oaea?aeaiee

Aaaeiiinoue ii n/.44

Aeaaiay eieaa

Aaeain

I?eaaae?iiay auoa eioi?iaoeey yaeyaony yeaiaioii
oi?aaeai/aneiai o/?oa, oae eae aea?o i?aaenoaaeaiea i ninoaaa
cao?ao ia

i?aaei?eyoee oi?aiaee. Oeacaiiua cao?aou yaeythony iaecaaaeiuie e

iieiia eneeth/aiea oiai eee eiiai yeaiaioa iaaaoeaii neaaeaony

ia ?aaioa i?aaei?eyoey. Iaeiaei ioo?i aiaeeca e iiauoaiey iau?ia

oiaa?iiai?ioa iiaeii i?eaanoe eo e ieieioio, oai naiui nieceoue

cao?aou ia aaeeieoeo ?aaeeciaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee, nio?aiea iaeneiaeueioth
noiio n iaoeaiee, eioi?oth «iae?o/eaaao» aeaiiia oi?aiaia
i?aaei?eyoea.

Aiaeeoe/aneee e neioaoe/aneee o/ao ia aeaiiii i?aaei?eyoee aaaeaony
niaeanii o/aoiie iieeoeea yoiai i?aaei?eyoey e a niioaaonoaee n
ii?iaoeaiuie aeoaie ?O. Iaaeinoaoeii yaeyaony ionoonoaea iieiie
aaoiiaoecaoeee anaai o/aoiiai i?ioeanna, /oi a naith i/a?aaeue
caiaaeeyao iia?aoeaiinoue i?eiyoey oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee.

2.2.Iooe niaa?oainoaiaaiey o/?oa ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey.

A I?Na Eacaineiai ioaeaeaiey Ai?ueeianeie aeaeaciie aei?iae

o/?o aaae?ony ii aeo?iaeueii-i?aea?iie oi?ia n/aoiaiaenoaa.
Ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey io?aaeathony a o/?oa ioo?i i?yiiai ioianaiey ia
niioaaonoaothuea noaouee iiiaieeaoo?u ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey.

O/ao iaania/eaaao ii?aaeaeaiea oaeoe/aneie aaee/eiu ?anoiaeia

aeey auyaeaiey ioeeiiaiee io ooaa?aeaeaiiuo niao, a oaeaea aeey
niiinoaaeaiey oaeoe/aneeo ?anoiaeia ia oi?aaeaiea n onoaiiaeaiiuie
eeieoaie .

A oeaeii o/ao aeaao eioi?iaoeeth i ninoiyiee ecaea?aeae
ia?auaiey.

Iaeiaei, eiathony iooe aeey iiauoaiey o?iaiy aiaeeoe/iinoe o/aoiuo

aeaiiuo.

Oeaeaniia?acii o/eouaaoue o?ainii?oiua ?anoiaeu ii aeaeai
o?ai-

nii?oa. Aeaoaeueiue o/ao iaiaoiaeei aeey aiaeeca e ?aoaiey caaea/
ia iaaeio?aneaaii o?iaia. O/ao aeaao i?aaiai oi?aaeaiey eioi?iaoeeth ia

eo eniieueciaaiee a noa?a ia?auaiey, nicaeaao i?aaeiinueee aeey
niiinoaaeiiai aiaeeca, yooaeoeaiiai iieueciaaiey.

Iiiaea yeiiiienou n/eoatho iai?aaiia?iui aeeth/aiea io/eneaiee
ia nioeeaeueiua ioaeaeu (nioeeaeueiia no?aoiaaiea, iaaeeoeeineia
no?aoiaaiea, iaineiiiue oiiae,oiiae caiyoinoe)a ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey.

Yoe io/eneaiey i?iecaiaeyo aaeaiany/ii a iieueco niioaaonoaothueo
i?aaiecaoeee, ?acia? io/eneaiee 40% io noiiu oaeoe/anee ia/eneaiiie
ca?aaioiie ieaou.

Oeacaiiua io/eneaiey i?aaenoaaeytho niaie ia ecaea?aeee
ia?auaiey, a iaeio ec oi?i ?ani?aaeaeaiey /enoiai aeioiaea. Anee a
ca?ieaoa

aiieiuai o?oae aeey naay, nicaeathuee i?iaeoeo aeey iie?uoey ee/iuo
iio?aaiinoae, oi a nioeeaeueiii no?aoiaaiee aiieiuai o?oae aeey
iauanoaa, nicaeathuee i?iaeoeo aeey iauanoaaiiuo iio?aaiinoae.

Ia oaaee/aieai ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey, aiooai oiaiueoaiey
/enoiai aeioiaea neaaeoao iaicia/eoue oaeo io/eneaiee ia nioeeaeueiia
iaania/aiea. Oeaeaniia?acii auei au io/eneyoue yoe noiiu ca n/ao i?eauee
e io?aaeaoue eae aia?aaeecaoeeiiiua ?anoiaeu ii n/aoo 80 «I?eaueue e
oauoee».

Ec iauae noiiu anao ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey neaaeoao iniai
auaeaeeoue iaycaoaeueiua iaeiaiaua ieaoaaee oi?aiaiai i?aaei?eyoey a
yeieiae/aneee iaeia ia iieueciaaoaeae aaoiaei?ia e o?ainii?oiue iaeia.

Ioianaiea yoeo iaeiaiauo nai?ia ia ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey

?anoiaeeony n o?aeoiaeie ecaea?aeae eae au?aaeaiea cao?ao
aeeaiai

e iaauanoaeaiiiai o?oaea. Yoi i?ioeai?a/eo i?aaenoaaeaieth ia
ecaea?aeeao ia?auaiey eae i aaeeiie yeiiiie/aneie eaoaai?ee. Iiaeiaiua
ianoiua nai?u iaoeaeaniia?acii iauaaeeiyoue n cao?aoaie oi?aiaiai

i?aaei?eyoey ii i?iaeaeaeaieth oiaa?ia io iinoaaueea e iieoiaoaeth.
Eiae/iaa auei au ioiineoue a oiaiueoaiea aaeiaie i?eauee ii noaouea
aia?aaeecaoeeiiiua ?anoiaeu.

IEIE? -aaaaeai io 8.10.93a. iinoaiiaeaieai ? 591 «I
nicaeaiee aiaathaeaeaoiiai ?anioaeeeaineiai oiiaea iauaio?aneaauo e
iaaeio?aneaauo iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo e iiuoii-eiino?oeoi?neeo

?aaio a ?acia?a 1,5% io naaanoieiinoe oiaa?iie i?iaeoeoeee (?aaio,

oneoa) n ia?a/eneaieai iieo/aaiuo ca n/ao yoiai n?aaenoa ai
aiaathaeaeaoiue ?anioaeeeaineee oiiae iaaeio?aneaauo
iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo e eiino?oeoi?neeo ?aaio.

A niioaaonoaee ioieoa 2. 1 Iieiaeaiey a ii?yaeea
oi?ie?iaaiey

aiaathaeaeaoiiai oiiaea IEIE?, ooaa?aeaeaiiiai Iinoaiiaeaieai Eaaeiaoa
Ieieno?ia 31. 12. 93a. ? 745 i?aaei?eyoey oi?aiaee inaiaiaeaea-

iu io aciinia a yoio oiiae ( ienueii io 21. 01. 94a. Iiaeienaiiia cai.
Ieieno?a oi?aiaee ?O O. A. Aaoaoeeeiui ).

Caeiiii ?O «I iaeiaa ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue» yoio iaeia
aue aaaaeai a 1992 aiaeo ii noaaea a ?acia?a 28%, a n 1 yiaa?y
1993 aiaea aaciaay noaaea nieceeanue aei 20%, a noaaea IAeN ia
i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiua oiaa?u (ca eneeth/aieai iiaeaeoeeciuo), a oaeaea ia
oiaa?u aeey aeaoae (ii ia?a/ith, ii?aaeaeaiiiio I?aaeoaeuenoaii ?O)
nieaeaia

aei 10%.

Noiia iaeiaa, iiaeeaaeauay aciino a athaeaeao, ii?aaeaeyaony
eae ?acieoea iaaeaeo noiaie iaeiaa, iieo/aiiiai io iieoiaoaey ca
?aaeeciaaiiua eie oiaa?u, ?aaiou eee oneoae, e noiaie iaeiaa ii
ia-

oa?eaeueiui ?ano?nai, oiieeao, ?aaioai, oneoaai, noieiinoue eioi?uo

oaeoe/anee ioianaia (nienaia) a io/aoiii ia?eiaea ia ecaea?aeee

i?iecaiaenoaa e ia?auaiey. Nai aea iaeia ia i?eia?aoaaiua iaoa?eaeu,
eniieuecoaiua aeey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oeaeae, ia ecaea?aeee i?iecaiaenoaa
e ia?auaiey ia ioiinyony.

A i?aaei?eyoeyo ?icie/iie oi?aiaee, iauanoaaiiiai ieoaiey,

niaaaeai/anei-nauoiauie i?aaiecaoeeyie, caieiathueieny ieacaieai

oneoa, iieo/athueie aeioiae a aeaea ?acieoeu a oeaiao, iaoeaiie,
iaaeaaaie

e ae?oaeo niiniaia en/eneaiey iaeiaa ii oiaa?ai, aeeth/ay eiii?oiua,

?aaeecoaiua ii naiaiaeiui oeaiai eee ii ?aaoee?oaiui ?icie/iui oeaiai,
i?iecaiaeeony ii ?an/aoiui noaaeai io iaeaaaaiiai iai?ioa,

eioi?ue a naith i/a?aaeue, ?ann/eouaaaony eae ?acieoea iaaeaeo oeaiie
?aaeecaoeee oiaa?ia e oeaiaie, ii eioi?ui iie iiea/eaathony
iinoaaueeaie, aeeth/ay noiio iaeiaa.

A ieaia niaa?oainoaiaaiey o/aoa ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey
caneoaeeaaao aieiaiey i?aaeeiaeaiea yeiiiienoa TH. E. Inaae/aai, ii
iiaieth

eioi?iai i?eiyoay iaoiaeieiaey io?aaeaiey a o/aoa ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey
ia inoaoie oiaa?ia ia ii?aaaeaia. O?oaeiaua e oeiainiaua cao?aou
ia i?iaaaeaiea ?an/aoia e io?aaeaiea eo ?acoeueoaoia a o/aoa

e io/aoiinoe ia ieoiaaony oeaiiinoueth iieo/aiiie
eioi?iaoeee.

Oaeie ii?yaeie oneiaeiyao i?ia?aiio aaoiiaoecaoeee o/?oiiai i?ioeanna,
e oiio aea, eae iieacaea i?aeoeea ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey ia inoaoie

oiaa?ia ia aeeytho ia oeiainiaue ?acoeueoao. Iiyoiio TH.E.Inaae/ee
a naiae eieaa «Niaa?oainoaiaaiea o/?oa, oaeouaai, iineaaeothuaai
eiio?iey a oi?aiaea» i?aaeeaaaao ioiaieoue o/?o ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey ia
inoaoie oiaa?ia.

Aeaaiie caaea/ae aaaeaiey o/?oa ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey a
oi?aiauo i?aaei?eyoeyo yaeyaony:

Aiciiaeiinoue iia?aoeaii aicaeaenoaiaaoue ia nai i?ioeann i?aa-

iecaoeee oi?aiaie aeayoaeueiinoe;

2. N?aaieiinoue ieaie?oaiuo cao?ao n oaeoe/aneeie ?an/?oaie;

Aeeyiea yoeo ?anoiaeia ia iieo/aiea iaeiieaiey i?eauee n oeaeueth
aeaeueiaeoaai ?anoe?aiey aeayoaeueiinoe /a?ac i?iaeaaeiua oeaiu,
neiaeeaoeany ia ?uiea nauoa.

O?aaiaaiey naaiaeiyoiaai aeiy iia?aoeaiia aeaaeaiea neooaoeeae
ia ?uiea nauoa, i?in/eouaaaiinoue ?acoeueoaoia, aiciiaeiinoue eo
?aaoee?iaaiey. Yoe o?aaiaaiey iiaeii auiieieo oieueei aeaeueiaeoei
niaa?oainoaiaaieai o/?oa ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey ioo?i eiiiuethoa?ecaoeee
e auai?a iioeiaeueiiai aa?eaioa aai eiiieaeniiai i?ia?aiie?iaaiey.

Eiiiuethoa?iay i?ia?aiia aaaeaiey o/?oa ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey aeieaeia

?aoaoue neaaeothuea caaea/e:

Aiciiaeiinoue iieo/aiey i?iiaaeooi/iuo eoiaiauo aeaiiuo ii noaoueyi
ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey. I?e yoii noaouee ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey iiaoo auoue
?anoe?aiu.

Aiaae?aiey i?ia?aiiu eiee/anoaaiii-noiia?iiai o/?oa aeaeaeaiey.
Oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae.

Aiaae?aiea i?ia?aiiu ii ia/eneaieth ca?aaioiie ieaou, ia?aaioee iooaauo
eenoia e nienaiey ai?th/aai.

I?e i?ia?aiie?iaaiee aeieaeii auoue caeiaeaii eiee/anoai, oea

iu (oa?eou) oneoa , aiciiaeiinoue eo eciaiaiey.

Aeey niaa?oainoaiaaiey o/?oa ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey a
oi?aiaie nenoaia aiaae?ythony oeiiaua i?iaeou aaoiiaoecaoeee o/?oa
aeaeaeaiey e iaee/ey oiaa?ia ia?iaeiiai iio?aaeaiey ia neeaaeao e a
ianoao eo ?aaeecaoeee. I?e oieoeeaoeee aooaaeoa?neiai o/?oa a
oneiaeyo aai aaoiiaoecaoeee a oi?aiaie nenoaia iieuecothony
niioaaonoaothueie iaoiaee/aneeie oeacaieyie ii i?aaiecaoeee
aooaaeoa?neiai o/?oa n eniieueciaaieai au/eneeoaeueiie oaoieee
ia?niiaeueiuo eiiiuethoa?ia.

Aaoiiaoecaoeey o/?oa a oi?aiaie nenoaia
inouanoaeyaony n iiiiuueth nicaeaiey aaoiiaoece?iaaiiuo ath?i,
eioi?iaoeeiiii- au/eneeoaeueiuo oeaio?ia e eiiiuethoa?ecaoeee
aooaaeoa?neiai o/?oa a oeaeii.

Aieueoay ?aaioa, i?iaaae?iiay n iiiiuueth ioaeaeaiey
aei?iae a ?aai/ai iin?eea THaeeii, iicaieeea naeaoue a
yenieoaoaoeeth i?inoi?iue oieaa?nai ieiuaaeueth 500 ea.iao?ia. Ii
iniauai ia?aaeiaie oi?aiaie oaoiieiaeae e ?aaioaao ii iaoiaeo
naiiianeoaeeaaiey. Iineaaeiaa ianoiyoaeuenoai aaaeii ioiaoeoue
iioiio, /oi a oeaeii ii ?anioaeeea Oaoa?noai a neeo ianeieueeeo
i?e/ei, ?acei nie?aoeeanue naoue i?aaei?eyoee naiiianeoaeeaaiey.
Ec 1300 iaaaceiia ainoaea?noaaiiie oi?aiaee ii iaoiaeo
naiiianeoaeeaaiey ?aaioaao eeoue 400 eee 30%. Yoi ii?iaeaeaao
i/a?aaee e io?eoeaoaeueii aeeyao ia eoeueoo?o ianeoaeeaaiey e
iano?iaiea ianaeaiey. Iiyoiio ia?aae I?Nii noieo caaea/a cicaeaiey
?yaea iaaaceiia naiiianeoaeeaaiey .

Aeoeaecaoeey o/anoey ia iioiauo y?ia?eao,
aunoaaeao-i?iaeaaeao, aoeoeeiiao, caeeth/aiea aeieain?i/iuo
aeiaiai?ia iinoaaee iaiin?aaenoaaiii io i?iecaiaeeoaeae
oiaa?ia, ia?eaoeiaiaay aeayoaeueiinoue, iieo/aiea aeinoiaa?iie
eioi?iaoeee i ninoiyiee e ia?niaeoeaao ?acaeoey ?uiea, i
aeaeaeaiee oeai e noaiaie eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe e ?ieinoe ?uiea,
yooaeoeaiinoe eaiaeia e oaoiieiaee oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey e
?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee. Ana yoe e ae?oaea
i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oaoiieiae/aneea ia?u ii oeo/oaieth e
niaa?oainoaiaaieth oi?aiaee iicaieytho iaania/eoue ianeoaeeaaiea
aeaeaciiaei?iaeieeia i?iiuoeaiiuie e i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiuie oiaa?aie
aunieiai ea/anoaa.

Noieiaua ?anoe?ytho ani?oeiaio, iiauoatho
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea, ?aoeeiiaeueii e n iaeneiaeueiie
ioaea/ae eniieuecotho iai?oaeiaaiea. Iie aaaeoo ?anoe?aiiua
caeoiee ieiaeiiaiuiie i?iaeoeoeee e ae?oaeo oiaa?ia, aa?uee?otho
aeaeu oneoa, nieaeatho ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey e a eiia/iii n/?oa
ca?aaaouaatho i?eaueue, i?e/?i aac aeioaoeee.

A oneiaeyo noaiiaeaiey ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee,
ianoaaeeueiinoe ?aaiou oiaa?ii?iecaiaeeoaeae e iianaianoiiai
oiaiueoaiey eie iau?ia auionea oiaa?ia – I?N ia/ae ?aaioo ii
oaaee/aieth a

oiaa?iiai?ioa aeiee nianoaaiiuo oiaa?ia , /oi yaeyaony
ia?niaeoeaiui e ?aaeueiui iai?aaeaieai a ?acaeoee i?aaei?eyoey.
Yoa eeiey a ii?aaeae?iiie noaiaie iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony e aeiaieueii
cia/eoaeueiui iiauoaieai oa?eoia e iioeei ia aaiceiua
i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiua e i?iiuoeaiiua eiii?oiua oiaa?u. *oi
iaecaaaeii iiaeaeei ca niaie iiaia iiauoaiea ?icie/iuo oeai e
nie?aoeei iau?iu aiaoiaoi?aiauo caeoiie oiaa?ia.

Eniuouaay ia naaa oaeea aea o?oaeiinoe, eioi?ua
eniuouaaao ia naaa any i?iecaiaenoaaiiay noa?a, I?N ii ia?a naieo
aiciiaeiinoae i?e iinoiyiiie iiaeaea?aeee e iiiiue ?oeiaiaenoaa
ioaeaeaiey aeaeaciie aei?iae i?iaeieaeaao oe?aieyoue e ?acaeaaoue
iai?aaeaiey, naycaiiua n auioneii oiaa?ia ia?iaeiiai iio?aaeaiey.

Eae?o iiioaae iai?oaeiaaiey e i?aaiecaoeey aeaoo iiauo
oeaoia

ia THaeeineii oeaaieiiaeiaoa : ii i?iecaiaenoao i?yieeia e
aa?aii/iuo ecaeaeee. Caeanue aea i?aaiecoaony o/anoie ii ?aceeao
aacaeeiaieueiuo iaieoeia. Aaaae?i a yenieoaoaoeeth oeao ii
auioneo o?onoyuaai ea?oioaey n eniieueciaaieai aaoiiaoece?iaaiiie
oaniaee i?iaeoeoeee a iiiauaiee o?oeoio?aieeeua.

Ia?aueaaao i?iecaiaenoai iyna ioei?ii/iue ioieo. Ca
i?ioaaeoee aiae caeanue i?e?ino ninoaaee 130 %. N naiaeii a
yenieoaoaoeeth naeia?ieea-iaoi/ieea e i?aaiecaoeee nianoaaiiiai
aini?iecaiaenoaa iieiaeiyea I?N niiaeao i?aaieciaaoue i?inoaeooth

ia?a?aaioeo iyna e auioneaoue eii/?iinoe . Ieaie?oaony
i?aaieciaaoue oeaoa ii i?iecaiaenoao ieiaeiiaiuiuo eiina?aia e
eieaaniuo ecaeaeee.

Oeacaiiua i?aaeeiaeaiey aoaeoo niinianoaiaaoue
iiauoaieth ea/anoaa o/?oii-aiaeeoe/aneie eioi?iaoeee, a
neaaeiaaoaeueii ?inoo

iainiiaaiiinoe i?eieiaaiuo oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee.

Aiaeec ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey.

3.1.Iauayuay ioeaiea ninoiyiey ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey.

A nenoaia oi?aaeaiey i?iecaiaenoaii, ia?auaieai,
?ani?aaeaeaieai e iio?aaeaieai yeiiiie/aneee aiaeec caieiaao
aaaeiia ianoi. I?e aai i?iaaaeaiee ouaoaeueii eco/aaony
niaea?aeaiea ieaiia, aea?ony ananoi?iiiyy, iauaeoeaiay ioeaiea
acaeiinaycaiiuo yeiiiie/aneeo yaeaiee e i?ioeannia, inouanoaeyaony
eiio?ieue ca auiieiaieai ieaiiauo caaeaiee, ?ac?aaaouaathony
ia?ii?eyoey ii naiaa?aiaiiiio e iieiiio eo auiieiaieth,
auyaeaieth aeinoeaeaiee e iaaeinoaoeia a ?aaioa, iouneaieth
iaeniieueciaaiiuo aioo?aiieo ?aca?aia e aiciiaeiinoae.

Yeiiiie/aneee aiaeec iicaieyao iaeoe ioeeiiaiea
oaeoe/aneeo aeaiiuo io ieaiiauo, auyaeoue e ecia?eoue aeeyiea
iaeaieaa

aaaeiuo oaeoi?ia, aucaaaoeo yoe ioeeiiaiey, iaia?oaeeoue aioo?aiiea
?aca?au e aiciiaeiinoe aeey aeaeueiaeoaai ?acaeoey oicyenoaa,

?ac?aaioaoue ia?ii?eyoey ii ono?aiaieth iaaeinoaoeia, n oai, /oiau
aeiaeoueny iaeeo/oeo ?acoeueoaoia i?e iaeiaiueoeo cao?aoao o?oaea
e

n?aaenoa. A oiaea i?iaaaeaiey yeiiiie/aneiai aiaeeca auyaeythony
iainiiaaiiinoue e ?aaeueiinoue ieaiiauo caaeaiee, noaiaiue
eniieueciaaiey aioo?aiieo ?aca?aia e aiciiaeiinoae i?e ninoaaeaiee
e auiieiaiee yoeo caaeaiee.

Nenoaiaoe/aneee e ananoi?iiiee yeiiiie/aneee aiaeec
ea?aao aaaeioth ?ieue a inouanoaeaiee iia?aoeaiiai ?oeiaiaenoaa e
eiio?iey ca auiieiaieai ieaia iinoaaie, ieaia oiaa?iiai?ioa,
eniieueciaaiey aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa, ninoiyieai ?an/?oia e
e?aaeeoiuo

ioiioaiee, nio?aiiinoue oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae, auiieiaiey
ieaia ii o?oaeo, ca?ieaoa, i?eauee e ?aioaaaeueiinoe. Ii i?ecaai
oaeaea niinianoaiaaoue i?iaaaeaieth no?iaeaeoaai ?aaeeia yeiiiiee,
nieaeaieth iaoa?eaeueiuo, o?oaeiauo e aeaiaaeiuo cao?ao,
auyaeaieth aioo?aiieo ?aca?aia e aiciiaeiinoae, aiaae?aieth e
inouanoaeaieth i?eioeeiia oic?an/?oa a eaaeaeie oi?aiaie
i?aaiecaoeee.

Caaea/e aiaeeca ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey ninoiyo a oii,
/oiau aeaoue iauoth ioeaieo auiieiaiey ieaia ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey
eae a oeaeii, oae e a ?ac?aca noaoae, onoaiiaeoue oaeoi?u e
?acia?u eo aeeyiey ia o?iaaiue ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey e
?ac?aaioaoue ia?ii?eyoey ii iiaeeecaoeee auyaeaiiuo ?aca?aia a
oiaea aiaeeca.

Aiaeec ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey i?iaiaeeony ii aeaiiui
noaoenoe/aneei e aooaaeoa?neie io/?oiinoe, iaoa?eaeai oaeouaai
o/?oa, ia?ae/iui aeieoiaioai, aiao/?oiui enoi/ieeai eioi?iaoeee e
ee/iui iaaethaeaieyi. Iniiaiie enoi/iee aiaeeca ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey
– eaa?oaeueiue e aiaeiaie «Io/?o i naaaeaieyo i oi?aiaie
aeayoaeueiinoe (oi?ia ? 5-c (oi?a)), eioi?ii iieacaiu oaeoe/aneea noiiu
?anoiaeia ii ioaeaeueiui noaoueyi e a oeaeii ii oi?aiaiio
i?aaei?eyoeth. Iany/iua aeaiiua ia ecaea?aeeao ia?auaiey iiaeii
iieo/eoue ec ?aaeno?ia aiaeeoe/aneiai o/?oa. Aeey eco/aiey i?e/ei
ioeeiiaiey io ieaia ii ecaea?aeeai ia?auaiey eniieuecotho aeaiiua
ia?ae/iuo aeieoiaioia. (oiaa?ii-o?ainii?oiua iaeeaaeiua ,
?an/?oii-ieaoaaeiua aaaeiiinoe e ae?. iaoa?eaeu i?iaa?ie,
ianeaaeiaaiee, ee/iuo iaaethaeaiee).

I?iaaaeaiea aiaeeca a nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo
i?ia?anne?othuae eioeyoeee e ?inoa oeai, aanueia cao?oaei?iii e
iineo oneiaiue oa?aeoa?, /oi a naith i/a?aaeue aea?o
i?eaeeceoaeueiua ?acoeueoaou. A aeaiiie aeaaa oioaeinue au ?ane?uoue ia
noieueei ?acoeueoaou i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe I?Na
Eacaineiai ioaeaeaiey AAEAe ca aiae, neieueei naio iaoiaeeeo
i?iaaaeaiey aiaeeca ia aeaiiii i?aaei?eyoee, aai iniiau, aeeyiea
oaeoi?ia e eo acaeiinaycue.

Iauoth ioeaieo o?iaiy ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey ii
I?NO Eacaineiai ioaeaeaiey AAEAe iiaeii aeaoue ii
i?aaenoaaeaiiui a niaoeeaeueiie oaaeeoea 3.1.1. aeaiiui ca
1995 aiae. A iae i?iaiaeyony eiyooeoeeaiou, eioi?ua iicaieytho
i?eeoe io oaeoe/aneeo cao?ao ia eiiaoe io/?oiiai ia?eiaea
e ieaiiaie aaee/eia, oi anoue ecaaaeoueny io aeeyiey
eioeyoeeiiiiai i?ioeanna. Aeaiiua eiyooeoeeaiou aanueia oneiaiu
e eiaeeaeaeoaeueia aeey eaaeaeie noaouee.

Aiaeec auiieiaiey ieaia ii ecaea?aeeai ia?auaiey
neaaeoao oaycuaaoue n eco/aieai iau?ia oiaa?iiai?ioa, oi anoue
aiaeece?iaaoue ia ii noiia, a ii eo o?iaith a i?ioeaioao e
oiaa?iiai?ioo.

Ia iniiaaiee aeaiiuo oaaeeoeu 3.1.1. iiaeii naeaeaoue
neaaeothuea iniiaiua auaiaeu. Ieai oiaa?iiai?ioa aue ia?aauiieiai

ia 4,73 % , a noiia ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey nieceeanue ia 1 % , /oi
e iaoneiaeei nieaeaiea eo o?iaiy ia 1.5 % e oiaa?iiai?ioo.
Oaii nieaeaiey o?iaiy ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey ninoaaee 9,01 % ((1,5 :
16,64 ) *

100 % ). Ia ii ?acia?o nieaeaiey ( oaaee/aiey ) o?iaiy ecaea?aeae
ia?auaiey ii?aaeaeytho noiio eo ioiineoaeueiie yeiiiiee (
ia?a?anoiaea). Noiio ioiineoaeueiie yeiiiiee ( ia?a?anoiaea )
en/eneytho oiiiaeaieai oaeoe/aneiai oiaa?iiai?ioa ia ?acia? nieaeaiey
( oaaee/aiey ) o?iaiy ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey a n?aaiaiee n ieaiii
ninoaaeea 251363 oun. ?oaeae ( 16757507 oun. ?oa. * 1,5 % : 100 ).

I?e ieaie?iaaiee o/?oa e i?e aiaeeca, ana ecaea?aeee
ia?auaiey neaaeoao iiae?acaeaeeoue ia oneiaii-ia?aiaiiua e
oneiaii-iinoiyiiua.

Noiia oneiaii-ia?aiaiiuo ?anoiaeia ii io/?oo
ninoaaeea

1974446 oun. ?oaeae i?e ieaia 2103500 oun. ?oaeae eee 93,8 %

( 1974446 : 2104200 * 100 % ). Iauay noiia yeiiiiee
oneiaii-ia?aiaiiui ecaea?aeeai ia?auaiey ninoaaeea 129754 oun.
?oaeae

( 1974446 – 2104200 ). Oaeoe/aneee o?iaaiue oneiaii-ia?aiaiiuo
?anoiaeia ii ioiioaieth e oaeoe/aneiio iai?ioo oiaa?ia
ninoaaee

11,78 % ( 1974446 * 100 : 16757507,5 ). Ieaiiaue o?iaaiue ia?aiaiiuo
?anoiaeia ii ioiioaieth e ieaiiaiio iai?ioo oiaa?ia ?aaai 13,15 %

( 2107200 * 100 : 16000000 ).

Oaii nieaeaiey o?iaiy ia?aiaiiuo ?anoiaeia ninoaaee a
oeaeii

10,41 % ( ( 11,78 – 13,15 ) : 13,5 ) * 100 . Yoi neaaeoao
?anniao?eaaoue

eae iieiaeeoaeueiue iiiaio a ?aaioa oi?aiaiai i?aaei?eyoey (
oaaeeoea 3.1.2. ).

Oaaeeoea 3.1.2.

Aiaeec oneiaii-ia?aiaiiuo ?anoiaeia (oun. ?oa.)

Iaeiaiiaaiea noaoae Ieai Oaeo Ioeeii.
%

O?ainii?oiua ?anoiaeu 350000 333000 -17000
95,1

?anoiaeu ia iieaoo NH

o?oaea 1700000 1585000
– 115000 93,2

Iioa?e a i?aaeaeao

ii?i 32500 33846
1346 104

?anoiaeu ia oa?o 700 1600
900 228,5

?anoiaeu ii o?aiaieth,

iiae?aaioea, ni?oe?iaea,

oiaeiaea 21000 21000
——– 100

EOIAI 2104200 1974446 –
129754 93,9

O?iaaiue oneiaii-iinoiyiiuo ?anoiaeia ii ioiioaieth e
oiaa?iiai?ioo oaeoe/anee ninoaaee 3,4 % ( 563189 * 100 : 16757507,5
),

ii ieaio 3,5 % ( 558900 * 100 : 16000000 ). Oaii nieaeaiey
o?iaiy

oneiaii-iinoiyiiuo ?anoiaeia ninoaaee 10 % ( ( 3,4-3,5) * 3,5 ) *
100.

?acoeueoaou aiaeeca iiaeii nenoaiaoece?iaaoue a oaaeeoeo
3.1.3.

Oaaeeoea 3.1.3.

Aiaeec oneiaii iinoiyiiuo ?anoiaeia (oun.
?oa.)

Iaeiaiiaaiea noaoae Ieai Oaeo Ioeeii.
%

Eciin nai. niaoe.

iaeaaeaeu e IAI 12000 12000
—– 100

Io/eneaiey a ?aiiio-

iue oiiae 1400 2800
1400 200

A?aiaeiay ieaoa 65000 63500 –
1500 97,7

Aii?oecaoeey ini.

n?aaenoa 77000 78889
1889 102

5 I?i/ea iaoa?eaeueiua e i?e?aaiaiiua e iei

?anoiaeu

69500

71000

15000

102,2

I?i/ea ecaea?aeee

ia?auaiey

334000

335000

1000

100,3

EOIAI 558900 563189
4289 100,8

Oaeei ia?acii, a oeaeii ii I?No Eacaineiai ioaeaeaiey
AAEAe

auea iieo/aia yeiiiiey ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey a aaniethoiie noiia

125465 oun. ?oaeae , /oi auei iaoneiaeaii eneeth/eoaeueii ca n/?o

nieaeaiey ia?aiaiiie /anoe ?anoiaeia, aaea yeiiiiey
ninoaaeea

129754 oun. ?oaeae. Ii oneiaii-iinoiyiiui ecaea?aeeai ia?auaiey

aue aeiiouai ia?a?anoiae ia noiio 4289 oun. ?oaeae.

Eniieueciaaiea aeaiiuo auoaoeacaiiuo oaaeeoe niinianoaoao
oi?ie?iaaieth iaeaieaa iioeiaeueiiai ieaia o/aoa ecaea?aeae ia aoaeouee
io/aoiue ia?eiae.

Oaeoi?iue aiaeec ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey.

Ia eciaiaiea ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey aeeytho aeaa oaeoi?a :

– eciaiaiea iauaia oiaa?iiai?ioa

– eciaiaiea o?iaiy naieo ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey.

Aeey aiaeeca aeeyiey oaeoi?ia ia ?acia? ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey
neaaeoao i?iecaanoe aeiiieieoaeueiua ?an/aou, eioi?ua i?eaaaeaiu a
oaaeeoea 3.1.1. A /anoiinoe neaaeoao ii?aaeaeeoue ieaiiaue ?acia?
ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey i?e oaeoe/aneii iauaia oiaa?iiai?ioa, o.a.
?an/eoaoue noiio ia?an/eoaiiuo eee nei??aeoe?iaaiiuo ia oaeoe/aneoth
?aaeecaoeeth oiaa?ia ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey. Aeey yoiai neaaeoao ieaiiaoth
aaee/eio ia?aiaiiuo ?anoiaeia nei??aeoe?iaaoue ia auiieiaiea ieaia
?aaeecaoeee oiaa?ia (104,73%),a iinoiyiiua ?annoiaeu i?eaaaeoue a
eciaiaiiii aeaea e ia?an/eoaiiui ecaea?aeeai ia?auaiey.

Iieo/aiiay noiia n?aaieaaaony n oaeoe/aneie noiiie ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey.
N?aaieaay nei??aeoe?iaaiioth noiio ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey n ieaiiaie,
iieo/aai ioeeiiaiea ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey ca n/ao eciaiaiey iauaia
oiaa?iiai?ioa.

A oeaeii ii I?No Eacaineiai ioaeaeaiey Ai?ueeianeie aeaeaciie
aei?iae ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey nieceeenue ia 125465 oun. ?oaeae. I?e yoii
ca n/ao ia?aauiieiaiey ieaia oiaa?iiai?ioa ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey
oaaee/eeenue ia 80410 oun. ?oa. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, anee eneeth/eoue
aeeyiea yoiai oaeoi?a, ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe
nieceeenue ia 195410 oun. ?oa.

Aianoa n oai ii ioaeaeueiui noaoueyi ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey auee
aeiiouaiu ia?a?anoiaeu, iauay noiia eioi?uo ninoaaeea 8035 oun.
?oaeae.Yoe ia?a?anoiaeu i?iecioee ii neaaeothuei aeaeai ecaea?aeae
ia?auaiey:

– iioa?e a i?aaeaeao ii?i 1346 oun. ?oaeae;

– io/eneaiey a ?aiiioiue oiiae 1400 oun. ?oaea;

– ?anoiaeu ia oa?o 900 oun. ?oaeae;

– aii?oecaoeey iniiaiuo n?aaenoa 1889 oun. ?oaeae;

– i?i/ea iaoa?eaeueiua e i?e?aaiaiiua e iei ?anoiaeu 1500 oun. ?oa;

– i?i/ea ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey 1000 oun. ?oa.

Ii yeiiiie/aneiio niaea?aeaieth e oeaeaaiio iacia/aieth
ioaeaeueiua aeaeu ?anoiaeia aanueia ?acee/iu. Iiyoiio aiaeec iauae noiiu
ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey iaiaoiaeeii aeiiieieoue eco/aieai eo a iinoaoaeiii
e a?oiiiaii ?ac?aca. Oaeie aiaeec iicaieeo oaeoaeoue eco/aiea ecaea?aeae
ia?auaiey n o/aoii eo ?iee a i?ioeanna ia?auaiey, aeano aiciiaeiinoue
auyaeoue ?aca?au yeiiiiee.

Aiaeec o?ainii?oiuo ?anoiaeia.

Eae iieacuaatho aeaiiua oaaeeoeu 3.1.1 o?ainii?oiua ?anoiaeu
nie?aoeeenue ii n?aaiaieth n ieaiii ia 17000 oun. ?oaeae e ninoaaeee
95,1% i?ioea ieaia.

Ia ?acia? o?ainii?oiuo ?anoiaeia aeeytho iiiaea oaeoi?u,
iniiaiuie ec ieo yaeythony: ?acia? oiaa?iiai?ioa; iauai a?ociiai?ioa;
n?aaeiaa ?annoiyiea o?ainii?oe?iaaiey a?ocia; n?aaeiyy noieiinoue
i?iaiciie ieaou. Aeeyiea ?acee/iuo oaeoi?ia ia ?acia? o?ainii?oiuo
?anoiaeia ecia?ytho n iiiiuueth iaoiaea oeaiiuo iiaenoaiiaie. ?an/ao
aeeyiey oaeoi?ia ia aaee/eio oaeoi?ia iieacai a oaaeeoea 3. 2. 1.

Oaaeeoea 3. 2. 1.

?an/ao aeeyiey oaeoi?ia ia ?acia? o?ainii?oiuo

?anoiaeia a I?Na Eacaineiai ioaeaeaiey AAEAe

Iieacaoaee Ieai Oaeo Ioeeii.

1.Iauai a?ociiai-

?ioa (oun. oiii)

441

459

+18

2.N?aaeiaa ?annoi-

yiea (ei.)

125

125

3.N?aaeiyy noie-

iinoue ia?aaic-

ee (?oa. ca 1 ei)

6,35

5,803

-0,547

Eoiai ?anoiaeia

( oun. ?oa.)

350000

333000

17000

1.Noiia o?ainii?oiuo ?anoiaeia onoaiiaeaiiuo ii ieaio ninoa
aeo 441 x 125 x 6,35 = 350000 oun. ?oaeae.

2. Ieaiiaue a?ociiai?io caiaiai oaeoe/aneei, a ana ae?oaea
iieacaoaee inoathony ieaiiauie 459 x 125 x 6,35 =364331 oun. ?oa.
Aeeyiea eciaiaiey iauaia a?ociiai?ioa ia ?acia? o?ainii?oiuo ?anoiaeia
ninoaaeo 364331 – 350000

3. Noiia o?ainii?oiuo ?anoiaeia i?e oaeoe/aneii iauaia
a?ociiai?ioa, oaeoe/aneii n?aaeiai ?annoiyiee, ieaiiaie n?aaeiae
noieiinoe ia?aaicie 459 x 125 x 6,35 = 364331 oun. ?oaeae. ?ann/eouaaai
aeeyiea eciaiaiey n?aaeiaai ?annoiyiey 364331 – 364331 = 0.

4. Noiia o?ainii?oiuo ?anoiaeia i?e oaeoe/aneii iauaia
a?ociiai?ioa, oaeoe/aneii n?aaeiai ?annoiyiee e oaeoe/aneie n?aaeiae
noieiinoe ia?aaicie 459 x 125 x 5,803 = 332947 oun. ?oaeae.

Aeeyiea eciaiaiey n?aaeiae noieiinoe ia?aaicie ia iauai
o?ainii?oiuo ?anoiaeia 332947 – 364331 = – 31384 oun. ?oaeae.
?acoeueoaou aeeyiey ?anniio?aiiuo oaeoi?ia ia ?acia? o?ainii?oiuo
?anoiaeia a naiaeiii aeaea i?aaenoaaeaiu a oaaeeoea 3. 2. 2, ec eioi?ie
aeaeii, /oi oaaee/aiea iauaia a?ociiai?ioa oaaee/eei o?ainii?oiua
?anoiaeu ia 14331 oun. ?oaeae, a nie?auaiea o?ainii?oiuo ?anoiaeia, a
n?aaiaiee n ieaiii ia 17053 oun. ?oaeae i?iecioei ca n/ao nie?auaiey
n?aaeiae noieiinoe ia?aaicie.

Oaaeeoea 3. 2. 2

Aiaeec aeeyiey oaeoi?ia ia aaee/eio

o?ainii?oiuo ?anoiaeia.

Iaeiaiiaaiea

oaeoi?ia Oaaee/aiea Oiaiueoaiea

Iauai a?ociiai?ioa 14331

N?aaeiaa ?annoiyiea

ia?aaicie

N?aaeiyy noieiinoue ia?aaicie

31384

Eoiai 14331 31384

Iauaa ioeeiiaiea –
17053

?anoiaeu ia iieaoo o?oaea.

?anoiaeu ia iieaoo o?oaea ii n/aoo ninoaaeee 1585000 oun.
?oaeae, /oi nie?aoeeinue n ieaiii ia 115000 oun. ?oaeae, a oii /enea ca
n/ao ?inoa oiaa?iiai?ioa, oaaee/eeenue ia 80410 oun. ?oaeae, ca n/ao
aeeyiey eciaiaiey naieo ?anoiaeia oiaiueoeeenue ia 195410 oun. ?oaeae.
?acoeueoaou auiieiaiey ieaia ii ?anoiaeai ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo e
auyaeaiea ioaeaeueiuo oaeoi?ia i?aaenoaaeaiu a oaaeeoea 3. 2. 3

Oaaeeoea 3. 2. 3

?an/ao aeeyiey oaeoi?ia ia ?anoiaeu

ii iieaoa o?oaea

Iieacaoaee Ieai Oaeo Ioeeii. %

Oiaa?iiai?io

(oun. ?oa.)

16000000

16757507

+757507

104,7

N?aaenoaa a oiiae iieaou o?oaea(oun.?oa.)

1700000

1585000

-115000

93,2

N?aaeianieni/iay /eneaiiinoue

(/ae. )

443

405

-38

91,4

N?aaeiaaiaeiaay au?aaioea ia 1 ?aaioieea (oun. ?oa. )

36117

41376

5259

114,6

N?aaeiyy ca?ieaoa a ianyoe (?oa. )

319789

326132

6343

102

Oaaeeoea 3. 2. 3 iieacuaaao, /oi oaeoe/aneea ?anoiaeu ii
oiiaeo ca?ieaou oiaiueoeeenue i?ioea ieaia ia 115000 oun. ?oaeae. Ia
ioeeiiaiea iiaeeyei eciaiaiea /eneaiiinoe e n?aaeiae ca?ieaou.
Oiaiueoaiea /eneaiiinoe ?aaioieeia i?eaaei e yeiiiiee oiiaea iieaou
o?oaea ia 145826 oun. ?oaeae (38 x 319789 x 12), oaaee/aiea n?aaeiae
ca?ieaou i?eaaei e oaaee/aieth oiiaea iieaou o?oaea ia 30826 oun. ?oaeae
(6343 x 405 x 12). Aaeain aeeyiey iaieo oaeoi?ia anoue aaniethoiay
yeiiiiey 115000 oun. ?oaeae (30826 – 145826).

Ia oiiae iieaou o?oaea e?iia /eneaiiinoe e n?aaeiae ca?ieaou
ieacuaatho aeeyiea eciaiaiea oiaa?iiai?ioa e i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe
o?oaea. Aeey ?acaeaeueiiai ?acaeaeaiey ecia?aiey aeeyiey yoeo oaeoi?ia
aaiaeyo aeaa neaaeothueo iieacaoaey:

1. Ieaiiaue oiiae iieaou o?oaea ia oaeoe/aneee oiaa?iiai?io .
1779900 oun. ?oaeae (170000 x 104,7 : 100)

2. Ieaiiaay n?aaeiyy ca?ieaoa iaeiiai ?aaioieea ia
oaeoe/aneoth /eneaiiinoue 1554175 oun. ?oaeae (319789 x 405 x 12).

Oaaeeoea 3. 2. 4

Aiaeec aeeyiey iniiaiuo oaeoi?ia ia oiiae

iieaou o?oaea

Iineaaeiaaoaeuei. ?an/aoa Acaeiiaeaeno-a iieacaoaee

Oiaa?i- N?aaeia- N?aaei.

iai?io aiae.au- c/ieaoa

(oun. ?.) ?aaioea (?oa.)

(oun. ?.) Oiiae iieaou o?oaea Ioeeii.

io i?aaeuaeou.

?an/aoa I?e/eiu ioeeii.

Ieai 16000000 36117 319789 1700000

1 iiaenoa-

iiaea 6757507,5 36117 319789×12

1779900 79900 Ia?aa.

ieao/ia.

2 iiaenoa-

iiaea

6757507,5 41376 319789×12

1554175

-225725 ?ino

i?ieca.

o?oaea

Oaeo 16757507,5 41376 326132×12 1585000 30825
?ino n?.

ca?i-ou

Aeaiiua oaaeeoeu 3.2.4 iieacuaatho /oi ?ino
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea i?ea?e e yeiiiiee oiiaea iieaou o?oaea ia
225725 oun.?oa. Aaeain ioeeiiaiey ninoaaee 115000 oun. ?oa. (
79900+30825-225725 ).

Iauay noiia ?aca?aa nieaeaiey ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey ii
noaoueyi ?anoiaeia iieacaia a oaaeeoea 3.2.5.

Ec oaaeeoeu 3.2.5 aeaeii, /oi iauay noiia ?aca?aa
nieaeaiey ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey ninoaaeea ii I?No Eacaineiai
ioaeaeaiey Ai?ueeianeie aeaeaciie aei?iae 7172 oun. ?oaeae ec ieo : ii
noaouea «Aii?oecaoeeiiiua io/eneaiey ia iieiia ainnoaiiaeaiea iniiaiuo
n?aaenoa» ia?a?anoiae ninoaaee 1889 oun. ?oaeae. Aeey nieaeaiey yoeo
?anoiaeia ia neaaeoao aeiioneaoue naa?o ieaiiauo i?eia?aoaiee iniiaiuo
n?aaenoa i?eieiaoue ia?u ii iieiie eo caa?ocee, ?aaeeciaaoue iaioaeiua
e eeoiea iauaeou iniiaiuo n?aaenoa.

Ia?a?anoiae ii noaouea «Io/eneaiey a ?aiiioiue oiiae»
ninoaaee 1400 oun. ?oaeae, a neaaenoaee i?eiaiaiey aei?iainoiyueo eee
iaea/anoaaiiuo iaoa?eaeia.

Ia?a?anoiae ii oa?a ninoaaee 900 oun. ?oaeae. Aaaeiaeoei
?aca?aii ii aeaiiie noaouea yaeyaony i?eiaiaiea /?oei io?aaioaiiuo
oaoiieiaee ia?aiauaiey e o?aiaiey oiaa?ia, eeeaeaeaoeey iaioaeiuo e
eceeoieo oiaa?iuo caiania e ae?.

Ia?a?anoiae ii «I?i/ei ecaea?aeeai ia?auaiey» aeiiouai a
noiia 1000 oun. ?oaeae e ii iaoa?eaeueiui e i?e?aaiaiiui e iei
?anoiaeai 1983 oun. ?oaeae.

Oaaeeoea 3.2.5

?aca?au nieaeaiey ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey a I?Na

Eacaineiai ioaeaeaiey Ai?ueeianeie aeaeaciie aei?iae (oun. ?oa.)

Iieacaoaee

Iauaa

ioeeii.

a oii /enea

Eciaiaiea Eciaiaiea

iau?ia o/ o?iaiy ec-

iai?ioa aea?aeae

Anaai a oii /enea

1.Iaoa?eaeueiue

e i?e?aaiaiiua

e iei ecaea?aeee:

a) O?ainii?o.

?anoiaeu

– 17000

16555 -33555 ——– 33555

a) Aii?oecaoeey

ini. n?aaenoa

a) Io/eneaiey a

?aiiioiue oiiae

a) ?anoiaeu ia oa?o

ae) ?anoiaeu ia o?aiaiea

a) I?i/ea iaoa?eaeueiua e i?e?aaiaiua ?ano.

1889

1400

900

——-

1500

—— 1889 1889 ——–

—— 1400 1400 ——–

—— 900 900 ——–

993 -993 —— 993

– 483 1983 1983 ——–

Iai?iecaiaee-

oaeueiua ?anoiaeu

Iioa?e oiaa?ia

a i?aaeaeao ii?i

1346

1537 – 191 —— 191

I?i/ea ecaea?.

A?aiaeiay ieaoa 1000

-1500 —— 1000 1000 ——

—— -1500 —— 1500

4. ?anoiae ia iieaoo o?oaea

-115000

Eoiai -125465 99012 -224477 7172 231649

Eeeaeaeaoeey ia?a?anoiaea ii yoei noaoueyi yaeyaony ?aca?aii
nieaeaiey ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey a I?Na Eacaineiai ioaeaeaiey
Ai?ueeianeie aeaeaciie aei?iae.

Nieaeaiea cao?ao ii noaouea «?anoiaeu ia oa?o» iiaeao auoue
aeinoeaiooi ca n/?o ?aoeeiiaeueiiai aaaeaiey oa?iiai oicyenoaa,
aa?aaeiiai ioiioaiey e i?aaeeueiiai o?aiaiey; naiaa?aiaiiiai ?aiiioa e
aica?aoa iai?ioiie oa?u.

E i?i/ei iaoa?eaeueiui e i?e?aaiaiiui e iei ?anoiaeai
ioiinyony yeaeo?iyia?aey, aiaeiniaaaeaiea, oiieeai, iiyoiio aeinoe/ue
nieaeaiey ia?a?anoiaea ii yoie noaouea iiaeii ioo?i yeiiiiiiai
eniieueciaaiey yoeo ?ano?nia.

I?N – iaeia ec noa?aeoeo i?aaiecaoeee ai?iaea e eiaao a nai?i
?anii?yaeaiee aaooea caeaiey, ia ?aiiio eioi?uo o?aaoaony aieueoia
eiee/anoai n?aaenoa. Iooe nieaeaiey ?anoiaeia ii yoie noaouea, ia iie
acaeyae, yoi eniieueciaaiea iaiaa aei?iainoiyuaai no?ieoaeueiiai e
iaeeoeiai/iiai iaoa?eaea, a oaeaea eeeaeaeaoeey i?inoiaa i?e i?iaaaeaiee
?aiiioiuo ?aaio.

CAEETH*AIEA.

Iioeiecaoeey ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey anaaaea yaeyeinue aaaeiaeoei
aii?inii a yeiiiieea. ?aoaiea yoie caaea/e a /anoiinoe niinianoaoao
oi?ioi iaeaaeaiiue o/?o ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey, eo eiio?ieue e aiaeec.

O/?o ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey a I?Na Eacaineiai ioaeaeaiey AAEAe
aaae?ony ia iniiaa «Iieiaeaiey i ninoaaa cao?ao, aeeth/aaiuo a
naaanoieiinoue i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaio e oneoa» io 1.07.1995a. ? 661. O/?o
ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey iniiauaaaony ia ia?ae/iuo aeieoiaioao, ioi?ieaiiuo
a onoaiiaeaiiii ii?yaeea ii iia?aoeeyi, naycaiiui n ?anoiaeiaaieai
oiiaea o?oaea, aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa e iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae.

Ia enneaaeoaiii i?aaei?eyoee o/?o aaae?ony ii
aeo?iaeueii-i?aea?iie oi?ia. Ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey io?aaeathony a o/?oa
ioo?i i?yiiai ioianaiey ia niioaaonoaothuea noaouee iiiaieeaoo?u. Ana
?anoiaeu, yaeythueany ecaea?aeeaie ia?auaiey, iaeaieeaathony a oa/aiee
ianyoea ia n/?o 44 «ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey», eioi?ue io?aaeaao noiio
i?iecaaae?iiuo eee ia/eneaiiuo ca io/?oiue ia?eiae ?anoiaeia. A eiioea
ianyoea cao?aou ni n/?oa 44 nienuaaeenue ia n/?o 80 «I?eaueue e oauoee»
, a n 1.01.96 a. ia n/?o 46 «?aaeecaoeey i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaio, oneoa», ca
eneeth/aieai aeiee o?ainii?oiuo ?anoiaeia e aaieianeiai i?ioeaioa a
i?aaeaeao noaaee Oeaio?aeueiiai Aaiea ?innee.

Aiaeeoe/aneee o/?o ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey aea?o aeaoaeueioth
oa?aeoa?enoeeo ii noaoueyi, /oi iaiaoiaeeii aeey iia?aoeaiiai
?oeiaiaenoaa e eiio?iey, a oaeaea inouanoaeaiey ia?ii?eyoee ii
iioeiecaoeee ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey, oneeaieth ?aaeeia yeiiiiee e
iiauoaieth ?aioaaaeueiinoe.

Ana cao?aou ia enneaaeoaiii i?aaei?eyoee niae?atho a
aaaeiiinoe ii aeaaaoo n/?oa 44. Eioi?iaoeey ooaea iinooiaao ec
aeo?iaeia-i?aea?ia

1,2,5,7,8 ; naiaiaeiie aaaeiiinoe ia/eneaiey ca?aaioiie ieaou;
aaaeiiinoe ?an/?oa noieiinoe e aii?oecaoeeiiiuo io/eneaiee iniiaiuo
n?aaenoa; oaaeeoeu eciina IAI.

Ia?aaiiia?iui yaeyaony aeeth/aiea ia enneaaeoaiii
i?aaei?eyoee a ninoaa ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey io/eneaiee ia niaea?aeaiea
oi?aa. Niaeanii «Iieiaeaiey i ninoaaa cao?ao, aeeth/aaiuo a
naaanoieiinoue i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaio, oneoa»: «Io/eneaiee ia niaea?aeaiea
aiia?aoa oi?aaeaiey iaaeio?aneaauo ainoaea?noaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee,
annioeeaoeee, eiioea?iia, a oaeaea eiuo no?oeoo? aiaaaaeiinoaaiiiai
oi?aaeaiey e i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey, inouanoaeyaony, ca n/?o i?eauee,
inoathuaeny a ?anii?yaeaiee i?aaei?eyoey».

Oaeaea ioeai/iui yaeyaony ioianaiea a ninoaa ecaea?aeae
ia?auaiey iaoaioa ia i?aai oi?aiaee. Yoi yaeyaony iaiaoa?eaeueiuie
aeoeaaie e nienuaaaony a aeaaao n/.04 «Iaiaoa?eaeueiua aeoeau».

Aeey niaa?oainoaiaaiey aeaenoaothuae iaoiaeeee o/?oa
ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey iiie i?aaeeaaaaony:

1. I?aaieciaaoue o/?o ii aeaeai o?ainii?oa, eioi?ue iaiaoiaeei
aeey aiaeeca e ?aoaiey o?ainii?oiuo caaea/ ia iaaeio?aneaaii o?iaia.
Aeaiiay eioi?iaoeey iaiaoiaeeia i?aaiai oi?aaeaiey aeey i?eiyoey ?aoaiee
ia eniieueciaaiee oiai eee eiiai aeaea o?ainii?oa i?eiaieoaeueii e
?aaeiio aeinoaaee a?oca.

2 Iaiainiiaaiiui yaeyaony ioianaiea ia ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey
iaycaoaeueiuo iaeiaiauo ieaoaaeae oi?aiaiai i?aaei?eyoey a yeieiae/aneee
oiiae, iaeia ia iieueciaaoaeae aaoiaei?ia, a oaeaea o?ainii?oiiai iaeiaa
e iaeiaa ia aaooia aeeeue?. Yoi i?ioeai?a/eo i?aaenoaaeaieth ia
ecaea?aeeao ia?auaiey eae aaeeiie yeiiiie/aneie eaoaai?ee. Iiaeiaiua
ianoiua nai?u iaoeaeaniia?acii iauaaeeiyoue n cao?aoaie oi?aiaiai
i?aaei?eyoey ii i?iaeaeaeaieth oiaa?ia io iinoaaueea e iio?aaeoaeth.
Eiae/iaa auei au ioiineoue eo ia oeiainiaue ?acoeueoao aeayoaeueii-
noe oi?aiaiai i?aaei?eyoey.

3.A ieaia niaa?oainoaiaaiey o/?oa ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey
caneoaeeaatho aieiaiey i?aaeeiaeaiey yeiiiienoa TH.N.Inaae/aai, ii
iiaieth eioi?iai «i?eiyoay iaoiaeieiaey io?aaeaiey a o/?oa ecaea?aeae
ia?auaiey ia inoaoie oiaa?ia ia ii?aaaeaia. O?oaeiaua e oeiainiaua
cao?aou ia i?iaaaeaiea ?an/?oia e io?aaeaiea eo ?acoeueoaoia a o/?oa e
io/?oiinoe ia ieoiathony oeaiiinoueth iieo/aiiie eioi?iaoeee, yoi
oneiaeiyao aaoiiaoecaoeeth o/?oiiai i?ioeanna. Eae iieacaea i?aeoeea,
ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey ia inoaoie oiaa?ia ia ieacuaatho aeeyiey ia
oeiainiaue ?acoeueoao». Iiyoiio TH.E. Inaae/ee i?aaeeaaaao ioiaieoue
o/?o ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey ia inoaoie oiaa?ia (TH.E. Inaae/ee
«Niaa?oainoaiaaiea o/?oa, oaeouaai e iineaaeothuaai eiio?iey a oi?aiaea»
).

A aeeieiiiie ?aaioa i?eaaae?i aiaeec ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey I?Na
Eacaineiai ioaeaeaiey Ai?ueeianeie aeaeaciie aei?iae ca 1995 aiae.

Ca aeaiiue ia?eiae ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey ninoaaeee a
aaniethoiie noiia 5432000 oun. ?oaeae. I?e ia?an/?oa aeaiiiai
iieacaoaey i?e ii iiue eiyooeoeeaioa eioeyoeee ii ninoaaee 2537635 oun.
?oa. i?e iea ia 2663100 oun. ?oaeae, noiia aaniethoiie yeiiiiee
ninoaaeea 125465 oun. ?oa. Oaeaeueiue aan ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey e
oiaa?iiai?ioo 15,14 % , i?e ieaia 16,64 %, oaii nieaeaiey ninoaaee 9,01
% .

Nieaeaiea ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey iaoneiaeaii eneeth/eoaeueii ca
n/?o ia?aiaiiie /anoe ?anoiaeia a noiia 129754 oun. ?oaeae. Oiaaea eae
ii oneiaii-iinoiyiiui ecaea?aeeai aue aeiiouai ia?a?anoiae a noiia
4289 oun. ?oaeae.

Aiaeec ii iauaio iau?io ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey aue aeiiieiai eo
aiaeecii a noaoaeiii ?ac?aca.

Oae aiaeec aeeyiey oaeoi?ia ia ?acia? o?ainii?oiuo ?anoiaeia
iaoiaeii oeaiiuo iiaenoaiiaie iicaieee naeaeaoue auaiae i oii, /oi
oaaee/aiea iau?ia a?ociiai?ioa oaaee/eei o?ainii?oiua ?anoiaeu ia 14331
oun. ?oa. , a nie?auaiea o?ainii?oiuo ?anoiaeia a n?aaiaiee n ieaiii
ia 17053 oun. ?oa. i?iecioei, ia iie acaeyae, a neaaenoaee
iaiainiiaaiiinoe ieaiiauo iieacaoaeae. A nayce n ?inoii oiaa?iiai?ioa ca
aiaeece?oaiue ia?eiae ii ioiioaieth e ieaio e oaaee/aieai o?ainii?oiuo
oa?eoia, ecaea?aeaee ia?auaiey oaaee/eeenue.

Oaeoi?iue aiaeec ?anoiaeia ii iieaoa o?oaea iieacae, /oi ia
eciaiaiea oiiaea iieaou o?oaea iiaeeyee : eciaiaiea /eneaiiinoe,
n?aaeiae ca?aaioiie ieaou e i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea. Oiaiueoaiea
/eneaiiinoe ?aaioieeia i?eaaei e yeiiiiee oiiaea iieaou o?oaea ia 145826
oun. ?oa. , oaaee/aiea n?aaeiae ca?ieaou oaaee/eei oiiae iieaou o?oaea
ia 225725 oun. ?oa.

Iauay noiia ?aca?aa nieaeaiey ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey ii I?No
Eacaineiai ioaeaeaiey Ai?ueeianeie aeaeaciie aei?iae ninoaaeea 224477
oun. ?oa. ec ieo :

aii?oecaoeeiiiua io/eneaiey ia iieiia ainnoaiiaeaiea iniiaiuo n?aaenoa
ia?a?anoiae 1889 oun. ?oa.

ia?a?anoiae ii io/eneaieyi a ?aiiioiue oiiae (?anoiaeu ii oaeouaio
?aiiioo) 1400 oun. ?oaeae.

ia?a?anoiae ii oa?a 900 oun. ?oaeae.

ia?a?anoiae ii i?i/ei iaoa?eaeueiui e i?e?aaiaiiui e iei ?anoiaeai 1993
oun. ?oaeae.

ia?a?anoiae ii i?i/ei ecaea?aeeai ia?auaiey ninoaaee 1000 oun. ?oaeae.

Aeey iiaeeecaoeee auyaeaiiuo a oiaea aiaeeca ?aca?aia a oeaeyo

nie?auaiey cao?ao iaiaoiaeeii :

Ia aeiioneaoue ia?aciaaiey eceeoieo e iaioaeiuo oiaa?iuo caiania , n
yoie oeaeueth iaiaoiaeeii aanoe iia?aoeaiue eiio?ieue ca ninoiyieai
oiaa?iuo caiania, ?acoeueoaoaie eioi?iai neaaeoao no?iai
?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny i?e aece?iaaiee aeieoiaioia ia caeoieo iaoa?eaeueiuo
oeaiiinoae.

Niaethaeaoue ?aaeei yeiiiiee. Aeey /aai oneeeoue eiio?ieue ca
?aoeeiiaeueiui eniieueciaaieai yeaeo?iyia?aee, aiaeu, oiieeaa.

I?aeoeeiaaoue acuneaiea n aeiiaiuo eeoe ca aanoicyenoaaiiinoue,
i?eaaaeooth e ii?/a oa?u e oiaeiai/iuo iaoa?eaeia, ca ia?aoeeiiaeueiia
eo eniieueciaaiea.

I?aaieciaaoue iaiaoiaeeioth iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneoth aaco aeey eo/oaai
o?aiaiey oiaa?ia.

Iiauoaoue i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea, i?e aieueoai n?aaeiai ca?aaioea.

Eioaineaii aiaae?youe iieioth aaoiiaoecaoeeth anaai o/aoa ia
i?aaei?eyoee n oeaeueth iiauoaiey iia?aoeaiinoe i?eiyoey oi?aaeai/aneeo
?aoaiee e ea/anoaaiiiai o?iaiy i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe ia?niiaea a noa?a
o/aoa.

?aaeecaoeey i?aaeeiaeaiee ii niaa?oainoaiaaieth o/?oa e ii
iiaeeecaoeee ?aca?aia nieaeaiey ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey, auyaeaiiuo a
oiaea aiaeeca iicaieeo oneeeoue eiio?ieue ca ecaea?aeeaie ia?auaiey e
i?eaanoe eo e iioeiaeueiiio o?iaaith.

A aeaiiia a?aiy aeoeaii ianoaeaeaaony i?iaeo iiaiai Iaeiaiaiai
Eiaeaena, iniiaie iniaaiiinoueth eioi?iai yaeyaony ioiaia i?aeoe/anee
anao nouanoaothueo naaiaeiy ia?aie/aiee ii ioianaieth cao?ao ia
naaanoieiinoue. Ianoaeaeaaony aii?in ioiaiu iiiyoey “naaanoieiinoue”,
oae eae aeey iaeiaiiaeaaeaiey iii ia i?eioeeieaeueii, a i?eaueue
ii?aaeaeyaony eae ?acieoea iaaeaeo aeioiaeaie e anaie ?anoiaeaie,
naycaiiuie n iieo/aieai yoeo aeioiaeia. Aaeeinoaaiiia aaaeiia
o?aaiaaiea-/oiau yoe ?anoiaeu auee iainiiaaiiuie e aeieoiaioaeueii
iiaeoaa?aeaeaiiuie

(N. Oaoaeia “Aaaaeaiea Iaeiaiaiai Eiaeaena aoaeao noieoue athaeaeaoo 73
o?eeeeiia ?oaeae”aacaoa”a?aiy e aeaiueae” 29.05.1997)

ss n/eoath, /oi a iaoae no?aia o/ao ecaea?aeae “neiaai” ii?iaie a aeaeo
oiai, /oi i?aaei?eyoey noa?athony ne?uoue i?eaueue ii i?e/eia aunieeo
iaeiaiauo noaaie e ianoaaeeueiie iieeoe/aneie neooaoeee. Ia Caiaaea aea
i?aaei?eyoey ii?ie no?aiyony caauneoue i?eaueue n oeaeueth nicaeaiey
eeethcee noaaeeueiinoe aeey i?eaea/aiey eiaanoi?ia. Iiyoiio n/eoath, /oi
aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa a eaeaaea ia nouanoaoao eae a ?innee oae e ia
Caiaaea, oi anoue o/eouaay iaaeinoaoee iaieo nenoai o/aoa ioaeii
no?aieony eniieueciaaoue iieiaeeoaeueiua aniaeou a eaaeaeie ec ieo.

Nienie eeoa?aoo?u

«Iieiaeaiea i ninoaaa cao?ao ia i?iecaiaenoai i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaio,
oneoa» io 1 ethey 1995a. ? 661.

Aaaoo?ia A.E. «?aca?au nieaeaiey ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey» -IE: Aun. oe.
1980 a.

Aeaaoaa ?.O. «?uii/iua ioiioaiey a oi?aiaea» -I.: Yeiiiieea , 1990a.

Aaeaiia I.E. «Aiaeec oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe a oi?aiaea» –

I.: Yeiiiiea, 1990 a.

5. Aaeaiia I. E., Eaiaetho N. I. «Eaeueeoee?iaaiea ecaea?aeae ia?a –

uaiey a oi?aiaea» -Eaieia?aae, 1982a.

6. Aeiioeia E. A. «Niaa?oainoaiaaiea aiaeeca ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey» –

Ie.: Auo. oe., 1991 a.

Ei?ieueeia E. E. «?uiie e oi?aiaey»- I.: Yeiiiieea, 1991 a.

E?aa/aiei E. E. «Aiaeec oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoee

oi?aiaee e iauaieoa»- Ie.: Auo. oe., 1989 a.

9. Inaae/ee TH. E. «Niaa?oainoaiaaiea o/aoa oaeouaai, iineaaeothuaai

eiio?iey a oi?aiaea» -Ie.: Auo. oe., 1987 a.

Neaiae E. E. «Aooaaeoa?neee o/ao a oi?aiaea»- I.: Yeiiiieea,91 a.

Eaiuoaiia I. «E ana-oaee o/ao aeieaeai auoue ia?ano?iai»-«Niaaoneay
oi?aiaey», 1991., ? 9.

Iao?ia A. «Ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey ia inoaoie oiaa?ia»-«Oi?aiaey»,

1992 a., ? 4-6.

13. A.E.Iaea?ueaaa. ”Eiiaioa?ee e iaoiaee/aneei ?aeiiaiaeaoeeyi ii
ecaea?aeeai ia?auaiey e oeiainiaui ?acoeueoaoai a i?aaiecaoeeyo
oi?aiaee”. AEo?iae “Eiinoeueoaio” 1995a.?4

14. N.I. Aeaeaa?aaeia. “ Ia inaaiiinoyo aooaaeoa?neiai o/aoa cao?ao,
aeeth/aaiuo a ecaea?aeee ia?auaiey i?aaei?eyoee oi?aiaee”. AEo?iae
“Aeaaaoo” ia?o 1996 ?3

15. I.A.Aieeia. “Ninoaa ecaea?aeae ia?auaiey e eo io?aaeaiea a
aooaaeoa?neii o/aoa”.AEo?iae “Aeaaaoo” naioya?ue 1996 ?9

16. A.A.Iao?ia.“O/aoiay iieeoeea i?aaei?eyoey. I?eeac ia o/aoiie
iieeoeea i?aaei?eyoey”.AEo?iae “Aeaaaoo” yiaa?ue 1995 ?1

17. I.E.Aa?inoaei.”Aiaeec oeiainiaie io/aoiinoe” 1996a.

18.Aacaoa “Yeiiiieea e aeeciue” ?10,12 1996a.

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