OIINEEE AINOAeA?NOAAIIUE OIEAA?NEOAO
Aeieiai-ii/aaiiue oaeoeueoao
Eaoaae?a ii/aiaaaeaiey e yeieiaee ii/a
?aoa?ao
Iniaaiiinoe ii/au eae i?e?iaeiiai ia?aciaaiey. Iiiyoea i aoiinoa?a eae
aeeoioeyoi?a yia?aee.
Auiieiee
nooaeaio IV eo?na,
a?oiiu 133
Eieei N. A.
Oiine – 2006
Aeieo/aaaneia ii/aiaaaeaiea iino?iaii ia ia?aaeeaia i oii, /oi ii/aa
anoue ooieoeey iyoe oaeoi?ia – eeeiaoa, ai?iuo ii?iae, aeeauo
i?aaieciia, ?aeueaoa e a?aiaie (I = f(e, ae.i., a.i., ?)?t). Ii/aa
aicieeaao oiaaea, eiaaea yoe oaeoi?u noiaeyony aiaaeeii. Aeey ii/a
oa?aeoa?ai iaeee iaooa?i i?aaiecaoeee, aeaaiaea?y eioi?iio iu anaaaea n
oaa?aiiinoueth neaaeai, /oi yoi ii/aa. Ia?yaeo n i?aaiecaoeeae o ii/a
anoue neaaeothuea aeinoa?iua ooieoeee:
– i?aia?aciaaiea ninoaaa aa?oieo neiaa eeoinoa?u n ia?aciaaieai iiauo
ieia?aeia, eciaiaieai aeenia?niinoe iaoa?eaea, inoaoi/iie eee
aeeoioeyoeaiie eiioeaio?aoeeae yeaiaioia (a o. /. n ia?aciaaieai
caeaaeae iieaciuo eneiiaaiuo);
– oi?ie?iaaiea ninoaaa a?oioiauo e iiaa?oiinoiuo aiae e ?aaoee?iaaiea
iauaai aeae?ieiae/aneiai ?aaeeia oa??eoi?ee;
– ?aaoee?iaaiea aaciaiai ninoaaa i?ecaiiiai neiy aicaeooa e, a eiia/iii
n/aoa, ninoaaa aoiinoa?u;
– iiaeiuaiea, aeeoioee?iaaiea e ia?aaea/a a ieaeiea neie eeoinoa?u
nieia/iie yia?aee, o?ainoi?iaoeey a? a ae?oaea aeaeu yia?aee;
– caueoa eeoinoa?u io y?icee e aaioeie/aneiai caa?yciaiey, caueoa
aeae?inoa?u io caa?yciaiey;
– ia/aeueiia e eiia/iia caaii o?ioe/aneeo oeaiae, enoi/iee aeecie e
aeaii a? iaoaaieeoia, n?aaea iaeoaiey i?aaieciia e eo oaaaeeua;
– o?aieeeua aeeanii?;
– naycothuaa caaii aeieiae/aneiai e aaieiae/aneiai e?oaiai?ioa aauanoa;
– oaeoi? e neaaenoaea yaiethoeee aeinoa?u; ca?eaei a? nia?aiaiiiai
ninoiyiey e iaiyoue ia a? enoi?ee.
E?iia nianoaaiii ii/a oa aea aeinoa?iua ooieoeee auiieiytho e ae?oaea
aeieiniua e i?aaiiaaiiua oaea. Iiyoiio E. A, Nieieia i?aaeeaaaao
iacuaaoue i?e?iaeiua oaea auiieiythuea aeinoa?iua ooieoeee ii/a
yeiii/aaie iauaaeeiythueie nianoaaiii ii/au (naiinoiyoaeueiua
anoanoaaiii-enoi?e/aneea aeieiniua noaay?aeueiua, oi?ie?othueany ia
ianoa oaea, yaeythueany ooieoeeyie oaeoi?ia ii/aiia?aciaaiey) e
ia?aii/au – oaea, ia?acothuea yecinoa?o Caiee (aaiaea?io) e auiieiythuea
yeieiae/aneea ooieoeee ii/a, ii ii/aaie ia yaeythueany (#:
aeethaeaeueiua ii/au, aoeeaie/aneea iaieu e e?nnu iaeaaeathuea
ieiaei?iaeeai, oi?oyiua ii/au, eeu, a?oioiaua aiaeu e ae?.). Noieo
ioiaoeoue, /oi a i?e?iaeo ana yoe oaea nii?yaeaiu e ia?acotho
eaiaeoaooiia aaeeinoai. Iai?eia?, iioie, ia/eiathueeny a yethaeaeueiui
ai?eciioa aea?iiai-iiaecieenoie ii/au, /anoueth ooiaeeo a a?oioiaua
aiaeu, a /anoueth a ?aeo, ia?aiineo aeethaee e iaoa?eae, oi?ie?othuee
eeu e nai?iiaee. Oaeei ia?acii, ii/aa eae au ia?aaea?o a
i?ino?ainoai-a?aiaie naie ooieoeee ae?oaei oaeai (ia
aea?iiai-iiaecieenoie ii/aa iiaeao noi?ie?iaaoueny yeiii/aa – oi?oyiia
aieioi).
*oiau eo/oa iiiyoue iniaaiiinoe ii/au eae i?e?iaeiiai oaea, a oaeaea
?ieue aoioniauo aauanoa ii/au a iaeiieaiee yia?aee, noieo inouanoaeoue
?ao?iniaeoeao a enoi?eth iaaeinoa?u.
Oi/aony aiiaue cao?iiooue aii?in ia?aciaaiey aeecie. Eiioeaioeey
ia?ae/iiai aoeueiia, eiaaea ec aieaa i?inouo niaaeeiaiee ia?aciauaaeenue
aieaa neiaeiua auaeyaeeo iacaaa?oaiiie a oii ieaia, /oi ia ynii eae
ia?aciaaeenue iineoaee eioi?iaoeee AeIE e ?IE, aanueia onoie/eaua e
niiniaiua ?aieeoee?iaaoueny…, ii niiniaiua aeaeaoue yoi eeoue a
eiia/iii, onoie/eaii iieiaeaiee. Oai?ey ia?ae/iiai aoeueiia ia iauyniyao
yoiai.
N?aaee aeiioac ia?aciaaiey aeecie e oieaa?naeueiuo iineoaeae
aeieiae/aneie eioi?iaoeee, anoue eioa?aniay aeey ian, ii/aiaaaeia. Yoi
«Ieia?aeueiay» aeiioaca oeieea ec Aeacai – A?yoaia Ey?ic-Nieoa (G.
Cairns-Smith) – auneacaiiay 30 eao iacaae e ca yoi a?aiy oneiaeiaiiay e
?acaeoay a o?ao eieaao.
Aeey iiieiaiey naiae iiaeaee, aaoi? i?eaiaeeo i?eia? n a?eie. A?ea
onoie/eaa eeoue a nai?i eiia/iii iieiaeaiee, eiaaea iineaaeiee ee?ie/ee
ia aa?oeia naiaea oeiaeai. Ai anao ae?oaeo iieiaeaieyo iia iaecaaaeii
?ac?ooeony. Eae aea no?iyo a?ee? Aanueia i?inoi, aeey yoiai aeaeaaony
naiae/aoue ea?ean, iai?eia? ec a?onueaa, iiaa?o eioi?iai e
oeeaaeuaathony ee?ie/eee. Eiaaea iineaaeiee ee?ie/ee oeiaeai, a?aiaiiue
ea?ean oaeaeyaony e iu eiaai onoie/eaia nii?oaeiea – a?eo. Oi aea naiia,
iieaaaao aaoi?, i?ienoiaeeei e ai a?aiaia oi?ie?iaaiea iieaeoe AeIE e
?IE. Iiaeiaiui ea?eanii iiaee neoaeeoue aeeienoua /anoeoeu. Ecaanoii,
/oi a ?acee/iuo oneiaeyo ec i?inouo niaaeeiaiee iiaoo oi?ie?iaaoueny oa
eee eiua oeiu aeeiu. Oaeaea iaeia /anoeoeu aeeiu, o. a. eiie?aoiue
ieia?ae, iiaeao neoaeeoue ?aieeeaoeeiiiie iao?eoeae, niia?acii eioi?ie
e?enoaeeecoaony ae?oaay /anoeoea. Ieia?aeu iiaoo «iooe?iaaoue», eiaaea
i?e neioaca aicieeaao eaeie-eeai aeaoaeo, ia?aaeathueeny iineaaeothuei
«iieieaieyi» aeeiu.
Oneiaey ia caiea auee aeaaii?eyoiu aeey aicieeiiaaiey i?inouo
i?aaie/aneeo iieaeoe, eioi?ua n aiaeiuie iioieaie ia?aiineeenue a
aiaei?iu, oaeaea aiaeiua iioiee aeoeaii ia?aiineee e acaane
ieia?aeueiua, oae eae ?anoeoaeueiiai iie?iaa caueuaaoaai au ai?iua
ii?iaeu io y?icee, ia auei. A yoeo iioieao n ii?aaeaeaiiuie ieia?aeaie
oi?ie?iaaeenue eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua oeiu i?aaiiieia?aeueiuo naycae. N
ae?oaeie oeiaie aeei ae?oaea oeiu. N oa/aieai a?aiaie yoe «ia?inou» ia
ieia?aeueiuo /anoeoeao oneiaeiyeenue e eciaiyeenue e eiaaea oi
iiyaeeanue iieaeoea, eioi?ay iiaea au ?aieeoee?iaaoueny oaea aac iiiiue
ieia?aeueiie /anoeoeu. Oae e aicieeea aeeciue.
Niaeanii aeiioaca aaoi?a, neaaeoao i?eciaoue, /oi aeeciue ca?iaeaeaeanue
ia noieueei a ieaaia, neieueei ia nooa, a eiioeiaioaeueiuo ?aeao e
aiaei?iao, a oaeaea o aeaeueo ?ae a ieaaiao e ii?yo, o. a. oai, aaea
eiaeenue oiee aeeaeeinoe, a ?anoai? iinooiaea naaaeay i?aaieea, a
ieia?aeueiua /anoeoeu iinoiyiii ia?aiauaeenue.
Iinea niiioaiiiai ca?iaeaeaiey i?aaie/aneie aeecie, enoi?eth aeinoa?u
iiaeii ?acaeaeeoue ia o?e yoaia (ii A. E. Aaoiiao):
– aeae?icaiiue (iiaeaiaeiua);
– aoiicaiiue (aieioiue);
– eeoicaiiue (nooiiooiue).
Eaaeaeiio ec yoeo yoaiia niioaaonoaiaaea naiy oi?ia ii/aiia?aciaaiey,
yaeaoaany aaaeouei iaoaieciii oi?ie?iaaiey aeinoa?u, a /anoiinoe a?
eenei?iaeniaea?aeauae aoiinoa?u.
Niaeanii aeaiiui E. E. Eiaae, iniiaiay ianna i?aaie/aneiai oaea?iaea
(99,90%) nin?aaeioi/aia a inaaei/iuo ii?iaeao. O/eouaay aeaiiia
ianoiyoaeuenoai e i?eciaaay iiaeaiaeiua ii/au naiie ae?aaiae oi?iie
ii/aiia?aciaaiey ia Caiea, iiaeii aiai?eoue i oii, /oi ia?iiiay ianna
i?aaie/aneiai oaea?iaea, caeeth/aiiay a inaaei/iuo ii?iaeao, i?ioea
noaaeeth iiaeaiaeiiai ii/aiia?aciaaiey, eiaaea i?aaie/aneia aauanoai
nicaeaaaeinue oieueei a aiaeiie n?aaea iee?iaeieiae/aneeie niiauanoaaie,
a eioi?uo i?aiaeaaeaee oeeaiiaaeoa?ee.
Ooeeecaoeey iaaeiieeneaiiiai i?aaie/aneiai aauanoaa aiiaue iieo/eea
iaeaunoaa au?aaeaiea a iineaaeothuee aoiicaiiue ia?eiae ?acaeoey
aeinoa?u, i /ai naeaeaoaeuenoaotho caeaaee eaiaiiiai oaey, enoiaeiui
iaoa?eaeii ia?aciaaiey eioi?iai neoaeeee ae?aaiea aieioiua yeiii/au.
Auaaaeaiea oaea?iaea ec aeoeaiiai ninoiyiey a aeaea aaca e eiina?aaoeey
ia aeeeoaeueiia a?aiy (n iiieaeaieai yio?iiee) – iaeia ec iniiaiuo
enoi?e/aneeo ooieoeee, auiieiaiiuo aieioiui ii/aiia?aciaaieai.
Iaiaauaiea aoiinoa?u eenei?iaeii ei?aiiui ia?acii eciaieei aaioeieth
Ie?iaiai ieaaia e aaioeieth nooe.
?aoathuoth ?ieue i?e canaeaiee nooe i?aaieciaie nua?aei aieioiia
ii/aiia?aciaaiea. ?anoaiey, i?aaeaea /ai iinaeeony ia nooa, auioaeaeaiu
nia/aea aaeaioe?iaaoueny e aeecie a oneiaeyo aicaeooiiai ie?oaeaiey.
Nii?eeiniiaaiea eo n aicaeooiie n?aaeie auei aaeaa ee ia naiui o?oaeiui
oaaii a i?ioeanna oi?ie?iaaiey iacaiiuo ?anoaiee. A oi aea a?aiy, auoiae
ec aiaeiie n?aaeu ioe?uaae ei aiciiaeiinoue iaeaieaa iieiiai
eniieueciaaiey eo/enoie yia?aee Nieioea e aaciaiai ninoaaa aoiinoa?u
(eiee/anoai NI2 oiaiueoaeinue!!!!).
Ia aeaiiii yoaia noaiiaeaiey aeinoa?u ?anoaiey ai iiiaeo ioiioaieyo auee
noiaeiu n aiaeiuie i?aaeeaie, e aeeeoaeueiia a?aiy nio?aiyee
iio?aaiinoue a iinoiyiiii iaeeueiii oaeaaeiaiee n?aaeu naiaai iaeoaiey.
?ieue oaeoi?a, noaaeeece?iaaaoaai aiaeiiaania/aiea, auiieiyei
i?aaie/aneia aauanoai, eioi?ia ii naiae i?e?iaea iaeaaeaao aieueoie
niiniaiinoueth iiaeiuaoue e oaea?aeeaaoue aiaeo. Yoa iniaaiiinoue
i?aaie/aneiai aauanoaa iineoaeeea i?aaeiinueeie eniieueciaaiey
nicaeaaaaiuo naieie aea ?anoaieyie caiania ia?oauo inoaoeia a ea/anoaa
noano?aoa – ii/au.
Aoiicaiiue yoai ?acaeoey aeinoa?u i?iaeieaeaeny ieiei 200 iei. eao. Ca
yoi a?aiy i?aaieciu aaeaioe?iaaeenue e aeecie a oneiaeyo aicaeooiiai
ie?oaeaiey e auee iiaeaioiaeaiu e ia?anaeaieth ia eeoinoa?ioth iaiei/eo
nooe. Iaeiaei ?anoeoaeueiinoue aoiicaiiiai ia?eiaea eiaea neaai?acaeooth
ei?iaaoth nenoaio, i?eniiniaeaiioth e ooieoeeiie?iaaieth a oneiaeyo
aeaaeiuo i?aaiiaaiiuo ii/a. Aeaeueiaeoaa niaa?oainoaiaaiea ?anoaiee,
i?aaeaea anaai ei?iaauo nenoai, i?ienoiaeeei a oa/aiee eeoicaiiiai
yoaia. Iiyaeeanue iiaay oi?ia ii/aiia?aciaaiey – aaoiii?oiia. Iooue e
iaio oae iinoaiaiii, /a?ac ?yae aeae?iii?oiuo e iieoaeae?iii?oiuo ii/a,
n iinoaiaiiui oiaiueoaieai niaea?aeaiey ia?aaiiy, oaaee/aieai eiee/anoaa
aoieiiauo eeneio. Ii anae aeaeeiinoe, iaeaieaa iicaeii noi?ie?iaaaoeieny
auee ionouiiua aeiiu, aeey eioi?uo oa?aeoa?ai iaeiaiaa ?acaeoue
ii/aaiiue iie?ia.
Ec auoa neacaiiiai neaaeoao auaiae i oii, /oi ia i?ioyaeaiee anae
enoi?ee aeinoa?u iaaeaeo aeeaie e iaaeeaie i?e?iaeie, aeeauie
i?aaieciaie e i?iaeoeoaie iaoaaieecia yeinenoai nouanoaiaaea oaniay
naycue, acaeiicaaeneiinoue. Aeey i?ioeanna ii/aiia?aciaaiey, oaeaea eae
e aeey aeecie a oeaeii, oa?aeoa?ii ?annayiea yio?iiee, oi anoue a?
oiaiueoaiea. A oi aea a?aiy i?ienoiaeeo iiauoaiea oii?yaei/aiiinoe,
eiee/anoai eioi?iaoeee a ii/aaiiuo nenoaiao a oiaea ?acaeoey ?ano?o.
Iaeaieueooth ?ieue a oiaiueoaiea yio?iiee ii/aaiiuo nenoai aiinyo
aoioniaua aauanoaa – aeeoioeyoi? yia?aee Nieioea, a oaeaea
iee?ii?aaieciu, eioi?ua aeaaea aiaeeoe/anee iaaiciiaeii ioaeaeeoue a
i?ioeanna aiaeeca i?aaie/aneiai aauanoaa.
Iaeaieaa yia?aiaiee e oa?iiaeeiaie/anee onoie/eau iieaeoeu aoieiiauo
eeneio. Iie ninoiyo ec a?iiaoe/aneeo eiiaeaine?iaaiiuo yaea? e
iiiaiooieoeeiiaeueiuo ia?eoa?e/aneeo aeeoaoe/aneeo oeaiae n iauae
nenoaiie nii?yaeaiiuo naycae. Iiaeiaiay nenoaia yaeyaony aeiaieueii
onoie/eaie, yae?i ninoieo ec 5-6-oe aaicieueiuo eieaoe (ii E. Ae.
Eiiena?iao). Aeeoaoe/aneay ia?eoa?ey – ia?aiaiiue eiiiiiaio, eioi?ua
iiaeao auoue, a iiaeao e ia auoue a ninoaaa iieaeoeu. A i?ioeanna
ii/aiia?aciaaiey e ?aiaa noi?ie?iaaiiui a?iiaoe/aneei iao?eoeai iiaoo
i?eniaaeeiyoueny oeaie ?acee/iie aeeeiu. A oi aea a?aiy i?e iaaeinoaoea
i?aaie/aneiai iaoa?eaea, iee?ii?aaieciu niiniaiu eniieueciaaoue yoe
oeaie ia ioaeaeu iaoaaieecia.
Aoieiiaua eeneiou, iaeaieeaay nieia/ioth yia?aeth, naie oiiaeiaeythony a
naiae aaiiao?ee Nieioeo. A?iiaoe/aneia yae?i – caacaea, aeeoaoe/aneea
oeaie – ?anoiaeyueany eo/e.
Iaeiei ec iaeaieaa niaoeeoe/aneeo ii/aaiiuo naienoa noieo i?eciaoue
iaee/ea niaoeeoe/aneeo i?aaie/aneeo aauanoa, iie niaea?aeaoueny a ethaie
ii/aa e aieueoeinoaa ia?aii/a. Yoe aauanoaa ianoieueei aaaeiu a
aeinoa?a, /oi A. A. Eiaaea, i?iaeieaeay o/aiea A. E. Aa?iaaeneiai i
aeinoa?a, i?aaeeiaeee n/eoaoue aoioniaue neie ieaiaou iniaie
yia?aaoe/aneie iaiei/eie – aoiinoa?ie. ?anoeoaeueiua inoaoee, iinooiay a
ii/ao, ianoo ieiei 17-21 eAeae yia?aee ia 1 a nooiai aauanoaa. Ii
aeaiiui N. A. Aeeaaa, 1 a aoieiiaie eeneiou niaea?aeeo io 18 aei 22
eAeae, 1 a ooeueaieeneiou ieiei 19 eAeae, 1 a eeieaeia – 35,5 eAeae.
Ii/au, niaea?aeauea n?aaeiaa eiee/anoai i?aaie/aneiai aauanoaa 4-6% e
eiathuea n?aaeiea caianu aoiona (200-400 o/aa), iaeaieeaatho ia 1 aa
noieueei yia?aee, neieueei aeatho 20-30 o aio?aoeeoa.
Yia?aey aoiona, yoi yia?aey ii?yaeea. Iia nieaeaao yio?iieth nenoaiu.
?anoiaeoaony ia ino?oeoo?eaaiea ii/a, oai naiui, nicaeaaay aeaaii?eyoiua
oneiaey aeey i?iec?anoathueo ?anoaiee e aeayoaeueiinoe caaia
aeano?oeoi?ia yeinenoai. Ii/aaiiue aa?aaao yaeyaony ii/aaiiie eeaoeie, a
eioi?ie i?ioaeatho iiiaea yeaiaioa?iua i?ioeannu, a a aoioniauo
ai?eciioao nicaeathony iioeiaeueiua aeey aeaiiuo oneiaee oneiaeyo
aiaeii-aicaeooiiai e ieuaaiai ?aaeeiia. Oaeaea ino?oeoo?eaaiea ii/a
aoioniauie aauanoaaie, eiathueie a naieo iieaeoeao aeae?ioiaiua oeaie,
niinianoaoao i?ioeaiy?iceiiiie noieeinoe, a oiaea a?aiy aeae?ioeeueiua
/anoe iieaeoe aiinyo aeeaae a eaieeey?iinoue, io/aai aeaaa auno?i
aieouaaaony.
*anoue yia?aee aoiona ?anoiaeoaony ia i?aia?aciaaiey ieia?aeueiie iannu,
iaania/aiea ieoaiey ?anoaiee, aaniicaiii/iuo aeeaioiuo e
iee?ii?aaieciia.
Iauea caianu oaea?iaea aeinoa?u ioeaieaathony aaee/eiie 23?1012 o.
Aieueoay /anoue i?aaie/aneiai oaea?iaea i?eoiaeeony ia nooo e a ia?aoth
i/a?aaeue ia ii/aaiiue aoion. A ?acoeueoaoa oioineioaca aaeaaiaeii
naycuaaaony ieiei 50?109 o oaea?iaea ec aoiinoa?u, a i?e ioie?aiee ia
iiaa?oiinoue ii/au a aeaea iiaaea iinooiaao ieiei 40?109. *anoue iiaaea
ieia?aeecoaony, ii cia/eoaeueiay /anoue ii ?aciui enoi/ieeai io 0,6 aei
25?109 o oaea?iaea a aiae i?aa?auaaony a aoieiiaua aauanoaa.
Anee ii?aaeaeyoue oaieioai?iinoue ?anoaiey, oi iaeiaiueoaa eiee/anoai
yia?aee aeeoioee?oaony a ei?iyo, iaeaieueoaa a eenoueyo. Iaeiaoii e
Yeoeaie, aiaeece?oy ?acoeueoaou anao iiuoia, i?eoee e auaiaeo, /oi
oieueei 1-2,7 % i?eoiaeyuae nieia/iie yia?aee eniieuecoaony yeinenoaiie.
A aeaeueiaeoai ia eaaeaeue iineaaeothuee o?ioe/aneee o?iaaiue oaeaea
ia?aaea?ony eeoue 1% yia?aee, inoaeueiay yia?aey cae?aieyaony, eeai
?annaeaaaony.
I?ienoiaeeo ee a ii/aa aaeaaiaeiia oaaee/aiea niaea?aeaiey aoiona, o. a.
caianaiiie yia?aee? N. ss. O?ioeiia (2002) auaeaeyao o?e oeia
aeieiae/aneiai e?oaiai?ioa:
1) aeeoioeyoeaiue;
2) ?aa?anneaiue;
3) eaacenoaoeeiia?iue.
A ia?aii neo/aa yeinenoaia iaeaieeaaao i?aaie/aneia aauanoai e yia?aeth
aianoa a iei, ai aoi?ii neo/aa i?aaie/aneia aauanoai n?aaaouaaaony, a a
o?aoueai eiee/anoai ?aceaaathuaeny i?aaieee = eiee/anoao iinooiathuae a
ii/ao. Yoe oeiu caaeathony ioiioaieyie aaoa?io?ioiiai aeiea yeinenoaiu n
aaoio?ioiui. Aeey yeinenoai i?aaeii/oeoaeai o?aoee oei, oae eae ia?aua
aeaa oeia ia iiaoo nouanoaiaaoue i?iaeieaeeoaeueiia a?aiy.
Anee i?eiyoue ai aieiaiea, /oi aeiaaeueiua oeeo?u naeaeaoaeuenoaotho i
auaiaea oaea?iaea ec aoiinoa?u, oi aa?ii anoue ia ieaiaoa
ianaaeaine?iaaiiua yeinenoaiu. Nouanoaiaaiea aea eo aiai?eo i oii, /oi
ieaiaoa?iua oneiaey iaiythony, aucuaay aaeaeaaoiua ?aaeoeee aeinoa?u.
Eioa?aniua aeaiiua i caianao yia?aee a yeinenoaiao i?eaiaeyony A. ?.
Aieiaoaaui (1974).
Oaaeeoea 1 – Yia?aey, naycaiiay n iniiaiuie eiiiiiaioaie oa?aeoa?iuo
ii/aaiii-?anoeoaeueiuo nenoai (a aa?oiai 3-o iao?iaii neia ii/aia?oioia
na/aieai 1 ni2) e ?anoeoaeueiii aauanoaa
Ciiaeueiue oei aeiaaioeaiica e ii/aaYia?aey eiiiiiaioia a i?ecaiiii neia
e ii/aa, eaeCao?a/aiiay ia ieia?aeueiua i?aia?aciaaieyAeeoioee?i-aaiiay
a aoionaAeeoioee?i-aaiiay a ?anoeoaeue-iii niiauanoaaAnaaiOoiae?iaue,
aeaaai-ooiae?iaay123060004507680Oaaaeiue,
iiaecieenoay246068001425023510Aeaaeiio?iie/aneee,
e?aniicaiiay123509200712509280Noaiiie,
/a?iicai504020000225027290Nooinoaiiie,
eaooaiiaay21008000150011000Iieoionouiiue, na?icai392040007502670
Ec oaae. 1 oi?ioi aeaeiu i?eioeeieaeueiua ?acee/ey yia?aaoe/aneeo
iieacaoaeae enneaaeoaiuo ii/a. Oae, /a?iicai oa?aeoa?ecoaony
i?aiaeaaeathuae aeeoioeyoeeae yia?aee a aoiona (88 % io noiiu yia?aee a
aoiona e ?anoeoaeueiii aauanoaa), oiaaea eae ai aeaaeiio?iie/aneii
niiauanoaa aeiey yia?aee aoiona ninoaaeyao eeoue 11%, a aeaaiui
aeeoioeyoi?ii yia?aee ieacuaaaony ?anoeoaeueiinoue.
Yoe aeaiiua oi?ioi niaeanothony auaeathueiny e onoie/eaui ieiaei?iaeeai
/a?iicaiia, oae aea eae e e?aoeinoueth ia?eiaea aunieie
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe ii/a ec-iiae oieueei /oi naaaeaiiuo
aeaaeiio?iie/aneeo eania, o. a. iiea a ii/aa nio?aiythony iaeioi?ua
i?aaie/aneea inoaoee e yeaiaiou aeiaaiiie aeeoioeyoeee (Aieiaoaa A. ?.,
1974).
Yia?aey aoiona niinianoaoao nieaeaieth cao?ao i?e n/o i?iecaiaenoaa.
Ii/au n aunieei niaea?aeaieai aoiona auno?aa i?inuoatho aaniie e ?aiueoa
i?eaiaeiu e ia?aaioea, o?aaotho iaiueoa cao?ao ia iaoaie/aneoth
ia?aaioeo. Yenieoaoaoeeiiiua ?anoiaeu ia aunieiaoioniuo ii/aao
nie?auathony i?e aic?anoaiee i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe ii/aiia?aaaouaathueo
aa?aaaoia. Oaaee/aiea niaea?aeaiey i?aaie/aneiai aauanoaa aaae?o e
nieaeaieth ?aaiiaaniie ieioiinoe ii/a, /oi nicaea?o oneiaey aeey
ieieiaeecaoeee ia?aaioie i?e iiauoaiee eo eioaineaiinoe.
A caeeth/aiee ioiaoei, /oi ii/aaiiue iie?ia «ioaaonoaai» ca iinoiyiiia
ooieoeeiie?iaaiea aeioeaiicia, ii yaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiui oneiaeai
nouanoaiaaiey aeecie. Eiaiii ii/aaiiua oneiaey ii?aaeaeytho naiia ia?aia
caaii aeiaaeueiuo o?ioe/aneeo oeaiae – i?iaeooee?iaaiea ?anoeoaeueiie
aeiiannu ca n/ao a? neioaca ec yeaiaioia, iaoiaeyueony a ii/aa e
aoiinoa?a, e eniieueciaaieai nieia/iie yia?aee. Ana aeaeueiaeoea caaiuey
– aoi?e/iu ii ioiioaieth e yoie ia?aiiniiaa aeecie ia ieaiaoa.
Iaeiia?aiaiii ii/aaiiue iie?ia «ioaaonoaaiai» ca iineaaeiaa caaii
o?ioe/aneeo oeaiae. A ii/aao aeeoioee?othony i?iaeoeou eiia/iiai
iaoaaieecia aeeauo i?aaieciia, iniiaiie oi?iie yoie aeeoioeyoeee
yaeyaony ii/aaiiue aoion (Nieieia E. A., 2004).
Eeoa?aoo?a
Aaoiia A. E. ?ieue ae?aaiaeoeo aieio ieaiaou a noaiiaeaiee nia?aiaiiie
aeinoa?u // Aieioa e aeinoa?a: Iaoa?eaeu Ia?aie Iao/iie Oeieu (23-27
naioya?y 2002 a.). Oiine: Ecaeaoaeuenoai Oiineiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai
iaaeaaiae/aneiai oieaa?neoaoa, 2003. – N. 72-81
Aieiaoaa A. ?. Aaaaeaiea a yia?aaoeeo ii/aiia?aciaaiey. – I.: Iaoea,
1974. – 128 n.
Ii/aiaaaeaiea, /. 1 (iiae ?aae. A. A. Eiaaeu, A. A. ?icaiiaa). I.:
Aunoay oeiea, 1988. – n. 124-126
Nieieia E. A. Oai?aoe/aneea i?iaeaiu aaiaoe/aneiai ii/aiaaaeaiey. –
Iiaineae?ne: «Aoiaieoa?iua oaoiieiaee», 2004. – 288n.
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