?AOA?AO
ia oaio:
“Iaoe?iiaeueia, aea?aeaaia oa a?enueeiaa neiaie?ea Oe?a?ie”
IAOe?IIAEUeIA, AeA?AEAAIA OA A?ENUeEIAA NEIAIE?EA A OE?A?I?. IEOAENss OA
IIAAAEAE IAOe?IIAEUeI? NEIAIEE AeA?AEAAE
Eiaeia aea?aeaaa i?aaia aeyaeoe naaa ? naith nooi?noue o iaoe?iiaeueieo
neiaieao, yeeie ? aa?a, i?aii? ? a?ii, 28 /a?aiy 1996 ?ieo aoea i?eeiyoa
Eiinoeoooe?y Oe?a?ie, aea a noaoo? 20 aecia/aii; “Aea?aeaaieie neiaieaie
Oe?a?ie ? Aea?aeaaiee i?aii? Oe?a?ie, Aea?aeaaiee aa?a Oe?a?ie ?
Aea?aeaaiee a?ii Oe?a?ie”. I?iaeaia iioiaeaeaiiy aea?aeaaii? neiaie?ee
ia o?eueee iie?oe/ia, aiia nyaa? ia?iaeieo o?aaeeoe?e, ui caeeaaeaeeny c
aeeaeie ?noi?e/ieo a?e?a aae aei iaoeo aei?a.
Iaoa oe??? eaeoe?? – i?ine?aeeoaaoe, ye ?noi?e/ii neeaeany aea?aeaaia oa
a?enueeiaa neiaie?ea Oe?a?ie, iaa/eoe iniaiaee neeaae Ca?ieieo Nee
Oe?a?ie ieoaoeny ? iiaaaeaoe iaoe?iiaeuei? neiaiee iaoi? aea?aeaae,
Oe?a?inueeee iaoe?iiaeueiee neiaie – o?ecoa — nyaa? ei??iiyi o neao
aeaaieio, eiee ethaeeia o?eueee-ii ii/aea nai? naiiona?aeiieaiiy oa
naiinoaa?aeaeaiiy. Iaeia c ia?oeo cia?aaeaiue o?ecoaa ia iao?e oa?eoi???
cao?eniaaia ia eai’yi?e cano?aoe? ia??iaeo O?ei?euenueei? eoeueoo?e
(?O-??? oen. aei i.a.), ciaeaeai?e a?ey aei?i?ianueeiai ino?iaa Oaioey.
O V no. aei i.a. – IV no. i.a. oeae neiaie ioi/a ea?aoaaee ia nai?o
iiiaoao i?aaeoae? Ainii?nueeiai oea?noaa. Caiaeii eiai i?eeiyee ? ii/aee
aeoeaii aeei?enoiaoaaoe i?auo?e no/anieo oe?a?ioe?a,
A?oaieia?/i? ?ica?aeee ia Iieoaauei? oa Ee?auei? i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue, ui
ia caieyo Oeaio?aeueii? Oe?a?ie o?ecoa aoa a?aeiiee ye neiaie aeaaee,
ciae ?iaeiaeo noa??eoei aai ieai?iieo aiaeae?a ua o O?-O??? no.no.,
caaeiaai aei ?th?eeiae/?a.
Ia?oa caaaeea i?i o?ecoa ye eiyc?anueeee ciae Ee?anueei? ?on?/aeaoiaaia
O io., caa?aaeany a aieaa?nueeiio ?oeiien?, aea cia?aaeai? ae?oaeeiieee
Nayoineaaa, ui o?eiathoue i?aii?e, oa?i/ai? o?ecoaii. Caiaeii oeae
eiyc?anueeee ciae cono??/a?oueny ia ia/aoeao, iiiaoao, oeaae?, c yei?
aoaeoaaee oiai/ani? oea?eae oa ?i.
Nii/aoeo oeae ciae ia aoa io?oe?eiei aa?aii, a aenooiaa eeoa a ?ie?
?iaeiaiai ciaea eiyc?a. I?ioa c /anii a?i ia?aaea?oueny o niaaeie ye
neiaie aeaaee oa ciae ?aeiaiiy no?aeieo neia’yi, oiaoi iaaoaa? noaoono
aa?aa. O O-O??? no.no. cia?aaeaiiy o?ecoaa aoei iioe?aia ia aaeee?e
oa?eoi??? a?ae E?eio aei Iiaai?iaea, a?ae Eaaeaco aei O?aioe?? oa
Oaaoe??, ui caeiiii??ii, ine?eueee ia oeae /an i?eiaaea? i?e iiaooiino?
oa aeoeaii? i?aeia?iaeii? ae?yeueiino? Ee?anueei? ?on?, aea?aeaaiei
neiaieii yei? aoa naia o?ecoa.
Aiaeii/an ?c iineeaiiyi aeei?enoaiiy oeueiai ciaea a iiaoo? (i?iaiaioao
oeaiei, ea?aoaaii?, ??cueay?noa?, ienaiea?noa? oiui) oa ?icoe?aiiyi
aaia?ao?/ieo iaae eiai aaeeaaiiy a?aeaoeeny cia/i? ci?ie o a?ao?/iiio
cia?aaeaii? o?ecoaa. Nooue ?o iieyaaea a oneeaaeiaii? aeaiaioaie
ieao?ieiai? oi?ie, ui nai???aeii a?aeaeaaei oneeaaeiaiiy no?oeoo?e
aeaaiuei?onueeiai noni?euenoaa. Naia oe? a?ao?/i? [ ci?ie ? coiiaeee
nai???aei?noue, i?ea?iaeuei?noue oe?a?inueei? aa?aeueaeeee. Caiaiaae
Ee?anueei? ?on? i?eca?a aei oei/aniai? ao?aoe o?ecoaii ?ie?
caaaeueiiaea?aeaaiiai neiaieo.
Iiaee noai o ?icaeoeo oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaaii? neiaie?ee o?nii
iia’ycothoue c iiyaith eicaoeoaa ? eiai a?enueeiai-iie?oe/ii?
i?aai?caoe?? – Caii??cueei? N?/?. sse na?ae/aoue aeaea?aea, aia?oa aa?a
(ia/aoea) oe?a?inueeeo eicae?a c’yaeany o “1576 ?ioe?, eiee iieuenueeee
ei?ieue Noaoai Aaoi??e aea?oaaa aaoueiaio ?acii c ?ioeie ao?eaooaie
aeaaee ia/aoeo c cia?aaeaiiyi iinoao? eicaea o aenie?e oaioe? e
ii?ioiaei ?iaii i?e aioe? oa ?ooieoeath ia iea/?.
Nia?oo oeeie ia/aoeaie ei?enooaaeeny noa?oeie ?a?no?iaeo eicae?a ?
eieia? ioaiaie Caii??cueei? N?/?, a i?ney Iaoe?iiaeueii-aecaieueii?
a?eie oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo 1648 – 1657 ??., oiaoi eiee ciiao
a?ae?iaeeeany oe?a?inueea aea?aeaai?noue, ieie caa??yee iaeaaaeeea?o?
aaoueiainuee? aeieoiaioe. I?e oeueiio aa?oi a?aecia/eoe, ui ia a?aei?io
a?ae aeayeeo ?aa?iiaeueieo cia?aaeaiue aa?a?a oeo /e ?ioeo i?no, ye?
ianee cia?aaeaiiy o?ecoaa, oe?a?inueeee aa?a iaa i?aeoe/ii
anaoe?a?inueea cia/aiiy. Iei ei?enooaaeeny aaoueiaie E?aiaa?aaeaey oa
I?aaiaa?aaeaey Oe?a?ie.
A na?aaeei? XIX no. a oiae? ?icaeoeo iaoe?iiaeueii-aecaieueiiai ?ooo ia
Cao?aeiioe?a?inueeeo caieyo ?onueea ?aaea, caa?ioaoenue aei ?noi?e/ieo
o?aaeeoe?e Aaeeoeueei-aieeinueeiai eiyc?anoaa O???-O?O no.no., i?eeiyea
ye iaoe?iiaeueio aiaeaio (ciae oe?a?ioe?a Aaee/eie) eieeoi?e aa?a
eiyc?anoaa: cia?aaeaiiy aeiaoiai (cieioiai) nyeaa ia aeaeeoiiio iie?.
oaeoe/ii aae aei ii/aoeo XX no. o?ecoa aeei?enoiaoaaany eeoa o
aeai?yinueeeo aa?aao, aa?aeueaeeoe? i?no, eieaeeiaeo canoaaao oiui.
Iiaa aeeooy aeey oeueiai aea?aeaaiiai neiaieo ianoa? i?ney i?iaieioaiiy
Oeaio?aeueiith ?aaeith o n?/i? 1918 ?. IV Oi?aa?naeo, eiee aoei aeciaii
ca iaiao?aeia aeei?enoaoe ciae eiyc?anueei? aeaaee ee?anueeeo eiyc?a –
o?ecoa ye aa?a Oe?a?inueei? Ia?iaeii? ?anioae?ee, ui neiaie?coaaei a
niaaeei?ii?noue aea?aeaaii? o?aaeeoe?? a oe?a?inueeeo caieyo. A ethoiio
1918 ?. aieiaa Oeaio?aeueii? ?aaee I.A?ooaanueeee (aaeeeee
a/aiee-?noi?ee) aenooiea ?c i?iiiceoe??th aeciaoe ye aea?aeaaiee aa?a
OI? cia?aaeaiiy o?ecoaa.
I?ney iiaaeaiiy Oe? 29 ea?oiy 1918 ?. ? i?iaieioaiiy Oe?a?inueei?
Aea?aeaae aaoueiaia I.Nei?iiaaenueeiai ieoaiiy i?i aa?a Oe?a?ie iinoaei
ciiao. I?iiiioaaeiny caoaa?aeeoe ye aa?a aeaai?e ciae aaoueiai?a ?c
cia?aaeaiiyi eicaea c ?ooieoeath ? oaaeath (iiaeeeai, oiio, ui ia /ie?
aea?aeaae ciiao noaa aaoueiai). Oa ana ae ae??oeee caa?aaoe o oe?e ?ie?
o?ecoa. Naia oiae? a?i noaa ao?eaooii a?enueeiaiai iaeyao. 17 o?aaiy
1918 ?ieo aoei caoaa?aeaeaii eiea?aeo: cieioee aa?a Oe?a?inueei?
Aea?aeaae ia aeaeeoiiio noai? ?c cieioei iaeyioaaiiyi. Oey – eiea?aea
aoea iioe?aia ? a /ane Aee?aeoi???, i?ney a?aeiiaeaiiy OI?.
I?eioeeiiai ?ioee i?aeo?ae aei ci?noo aea?aeaaiiai aa?aa aoei
canoiniaaii a Oe?a?inuee?e ?N?. A iniiao aa?aa aoee iieeaaeai? ia
oe?a?inuee? iaoe?iiaeuei? oa ?noi?e/i? neiaie?ee, a eeania?,
?ioa?iaoe?iiaeuei? – /a?aiia c??ea, na?i ? iieio, a oaeiae caeeee
“I?ieaoa?? an?o e?a?i, ?aeiaeoany!”. Iiynithaaeiny oea oei, ui O?N? a?ae
ii/aoeo naiai ooai?aiiy aaaaeaeany aea?aeaaith eeaniaith,
?ia?oie/i-naeyinueeith, a?aeaeaiith i?eioeeiai i?ieaoa?nueeiai,
nioe?ae?noe/iiai ?ioa?iaoe?iiae?cio (ia aeeaii, ui /a?aiia c??ea, na?i ?
iieio i?noeeeny ia aa?aao on?o ?ioeo ?anioae?e, ye? aoiaeeee aei neeaaeo
N?N?).
Caeiaoooy Oe?a?iith aea?aeaaii? iacaeaaeiino? iinoaaeei ieoaiiy i?i
ci?io aea?aeaaii? neiaie?ee, ca?eueiaiiy ?? a?ae aocueei eeaniaeo,
ia?o?eieo i?aeoiae?a, i?i iiaia a?aooaaiiy iaoe?iiaeueieo o?aaeeoe?e.
Ca ??oaiiyi I?aceae?? Aa?oiaii? ?aaee caoaa?aeeee iaeee aa?a Oe?a?ie o
aeaeyae? cieioiai o?ecoaa ia neiueiio iie?. O?ecoa? ye ciae Ee?anueei?
Aea?aeaae Aieiaeeie?a Aaeeeiai, ianaiia?aae neiaie?co? aacia?a?ai?noue
o?eaaeiai ?noi?e/iiai ?icaeoeo oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeo.
Eieuei?iaa cia?aaeaiiy iaeiai aa?aa a?aeiia?aea? iaoe?iiaeueiei
eieuei?ai – aeiaoiio ? neiueiio, A iniiao aa?aa iieeaaeaii cia?aaeaiiy
o?ecoaa, ?ic?iaeaia naiai /ano aeaeaoiei oe?a?inueeei ooaeiaeieeii
A.E?e/aanueeei. Ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oe?eie o?ecoaa aei eiai aenioe ia?aii
3:5, oiaoi aeio?eiaii i?eioeeio “cieioiai ia?aoeio”. Cieioee o?ecoa
?ici?uaii ia neiueiio i’yoeeooiiio ueo?, oi?ia yeiai coiiaeaia
caaaeueiei eiioo?ii o?ecoaa.
Ane?ciee i?iaeo aa?aa, a oaeiae noaio a?ao?/iiai cia?aaeaiiy o?ecoaa,
ueoa, aa?aeueaee/ia a?ao?/ia cia?aaeaiiy aa?aa aeeiiaee a?o?oaeoi?
A.A?a/eei (I.Euea?a), ooaeiaeieee I.Eioai (I.Ee?a) oa ?.Oo?aoeueeee
(I.Euea?a).
Iinoaiiaith Aa?oiaii? ?aaee a?ae 19 ethoiai 1996 ?ieo aecia/aii:
“Aaeeeee Aea?aeaaiee aa?a Oe?a?ie anoaiiaeth?oueny c o?aooaaiiyi iaeiai
Aea?aeaaiiai aa?aa Oe?a?ie oa aa?aa A?enueea Caii??cueeiai caeiiii, ui
i?eeia?oueny ia iaio ye aeaiia o?aoeiaie a?ae eiinoeoooe?eiiai neeaaeo
Aa?oiaii? ?aaee Oe?a?ie. Aieiaiei aeaiaioii aaeeeiai Aea?aeaaiiai aa?aa
Oe?a?ie ? Ciae Eiyaei? Aea?aeaae Aieiaeeie?a Aaeeeiai (“iaeee
Aea?aeaaiee aa?a Oe?a?ie”).
Aaaaoi a/aieo ?iaeoue ni?iao iiynieoe iioiaeaeaiiy ? cia/aiiy o?ecoaa.
Inue aeaye? aa?n??: a?caio?enueeee /e ne?onueeee ne?iao?, aieoa Nayoiai
Aeooa, ye??, eoe ? no??ea, ii?iainueeee oieii, ai?iia, niee?a; o?ecoa
/eiinue noiaeee ia aa?o?aeo
oe?aiiai eieina, ao?eth? oyaeaiiy neia’yi i?i ?aei?noue o?ueio oea?noa:
iaaa, caie?, iaeea; aaa/athoue o o?ecoa? oaeiae ?aei?noue niioey,
iia?o?y, aiaee – o?e?aeeii? neee, ui eaaeeoue a iniia? aoooy. I?ci?oa
oey ?aeay eyaea a iniiao i?eioeeiiaiai o?enoeyinueeiai iinooeaoo i?i
?aei?noue Aiaa-Iooey, Aiaa-Neia, Aiaa-Aeooa Nayoiai. I?ioa oea ia oaea
i?inoa caaaeaiiy.
Aoaeo/e nai???aeiei eeth/ai aeey on??? nenoaie oe?a?inueei?
iaoe?iiaeueii? neiaie?ee, o?ecoa iaa?oue iai?ee?ioe? XX no. ia ?ice?ea
on?o nai?o oa?iieoeue oa iioa?iieo cia/aiue.
Caeaaia ??ci? ia?iaee aeei?enoiaoaaee i?ae /an ciaaaiue iaai? neiaiee,
ui iaee aeacoaaoe i?noea cai?o ai?i?a. Iae/ano?oa oea aoa oiaoie
oeaieie, i?ee??ieaiee aei niena. Ia eiyc?anueeeo noyaao aeaai?o neia’yi
cia?aaeoaaee aia?a, oioaii? ciaee, a i?ney i?eeiyooy o?enoeyinoaa –
?nona O?enoa, ??cieo nayoeo. Iai?ee?ioe? XIII no. ia oe?a?inueeeo caieyo
noaee aaeeaaoe aa?aeueaee/i? neiaiee ia i?aii?ao.
Oe?a?inueea neiuei-aeiaoa niieo/aiiy – iaeia c iaeaeaai?oeo. Iioiaeeoue
aiii a?ae aa?aa Aaeeoeueei-aieeinueeiai eiyc?anoaa: cieioiai eaaa a
neiueiio iie?, yeee c’yaeany a ae?oa?e iieiaei? XIII no. O 1410 ?ioe?
iiie/aiiy Euea?anueei? caie? a?aei o/anoue o A?thiaaeueaenuee?e aeoa?
i?ae neiueith ei?iaaith ?c cia?aaeaiiyi aeiaoiai eaaa, ui nie?a?oueny ia
neaeth.
? e ?ioee iiaeyae ia iioiaeaeaiiy iaoiai i?aii?a. E?ath-e?a?i?, aea
ca?iaeeeany oe?ai?ianueea oeea?e?caoe?y, i?eoaiaii? naia nei? ? aeiao?
oa?ae. Cieioaa? oe?ai? eaie ? ie??? i?aeii-aeaeeoia iaai iaae ieie, neiy
aei?i?ianueea aai ii?nueea oaeey ? aeiaoee i?nie – ona oea c?iaeo-a?eo
neeaaeaei e?a?aeae iaoi? caie?. Iei oe?a?ioey caaaeaee ieeoaaee ? aeiao?
ea?oe ai?eoea?oo, aeeaeie, ao?eoio, niiyoieea, ? aieoa? iaethnoea
oeeei??th, aa?a?ieo, aieioee. Iaaani?, eiee a?ae?iaeaeo?oueny aeeooy,
ia?oeie c’yaeythoueny i?ie?nee ? io?iea – nei? ? aeiao? ea?oe. AEiaoa –
aiaiiue ? nei? – oieiae – aeaa iiethne aoooy, aea aiaeii/an ? aeaa
e?ioe? in?, iaaeiei yei? oea aoooy iaa?oa?oueny.
.?icaeoie eicaoeoaa iaa cia/iee aieea ia oe?a?inueea i?aii?ieoeoai.
Ia?oee a?aeiiee iai ?c ?noi?e/ieo aeaea?ae eicaoeueeee i?aii? — /a?aiia
iieioieua c a?eei o?anoii, O?aaeeoe?y eaea a?ae ?iaeeiiiai aa?aa
i?ineaaeaiiai caii??cueeiai aaoaaeea Aeieo?a Aaeaee-Aeoiaaaoeueeiai, ai
i?ae eiai ooaiaea?oii oiaeeee oi?oeoeuee? n?/iaeee a na?aaeei? XVI no.
Ia eicaoeueeeo i?aii?ao OO?-OO??? no.no, cia?aaeoaaeeny niioea,
i?nyoeue, c??ee, ieai?, ca?iy, nayo? – ana, ui aoei ia oie /an
oa?aeoa?ia aeey iioea?a oe?a?inueeiai ia?iaeiiai ia?acioai?/iai e
aeaei?aoeaiiai ienoaoeoaa. Ii?yae ?c nai?ie aaeeaaeeny eicaoeoaii
ei?iaae aieiaea??a, ye? a?aee ?o ia neoaeao. Iai?eeeaae, noya c /i?iei
i?eii – a?ae aano??enueeiai ?iia?aoi?a ? a?eei i?eii – a?ae iieuenueeiai
ei?iey.
3 XVIII no. iieeia? ? nioaii? eicaoeuee? i?aii?e A?enueea Caii??cueeiai
ana /ano?oa aeaioiaeythoueny c aeaeeoiiai iieioia, ia yea aeiaoith
oa?aith iaiinyoueny o?anoe, ci??, ca?iy, iinoao?, nayoeo. Caiaeii –
eicae c naiiiaeii o cieioiio (aeiaoiio) ueo? ia aieoaiio oe?.
Ii?aeiaiiy aeiaoiai ? aeaeeoiiai eieuei??a aa/eii ? ia aaaaoueio aa?aao
eicaoeueei? noa?oeie. Aiaeii/an iaiao?aeii cacia/eoe, ui caaaeai?
eieuei?e ia?aaaaeathoue ia aa?aao a?aoa Aacai?iaeueea, aaoueiai?a
Ieoaeea Aei?ioaiea, ?aaia A?th-oiaaoeueeiai, Ee?eea ?icoiianueeiai.
Aacoiiaii, ?noi?e/i? o?aaeeoe?? iaaieo oa?eoi??e o aeei?enoaii? oeo /e
?ioeo eieuei??a a?aeaeaathoueny ? ia aa?aao oeeo ?aeii?a. Iaaooue, naia
c iaeyaeo ia oea caaaeueiiaaeeaai? aa?ae ia?aeoee e ia aa?ae
oe?a?inueeeo aoaa?i?e ?in?enueei? ?iia???, ye? caoaa?aeaeoaaeeny a
ae?oa?e iieiaei? XIX no. Oae, Eaoa?eiineaanueea aoaa?i?y iaea ca na?e
neiaie aieoaee ueo, ia yeiio ae??ciyeiny cieioa cia?aaeaiiy Eaoa?eie II,
ioi/aia cieioeie c??eaie; Iiae?euenueea – ia iaaaniiio iie? niioea c
cieioei i?ii?iiyi, iaae yeei cieioee o?ano;
Ee?anueea – neiuei-aeiaoee ueo ?c cia?aaeaiiyi n??aiiai a?oeno?aoeaa
Ieoa?ea.
Neiuei-aeiao? ciaiaia noi?iaiaeaeothoue a 1914 ?. ia
cao?aeiioe?a?inueeeo caieyo nayoeoaaiiy tha?eath Aaeeeiai Eiaca?y. 1
eeiiy 1917 ?. ia ae?eyioe? o?iioo Eiithoe-Iioo?e a Aaee/ei? ia?aeoia o
ianooi i?ae aeiaoi-aeaeeoieie i?aii?aie 6 oe?a?inueeee ei?ion
?in?enueei? a?i??. A 15 aa?aniy 1917 ?. c Iineae aoei a?aei?aaeaii ia
o?iio ia?o? nioi? iieeo caii?iaeoe?a. Ia?aae aeoeeoaaieie ia
Oioeinueeiio iie? eicaeaie iaei??ei aeiaoeie ? aeaeeoieie no??/eaie
/a?aiia iieioieua, ia yeiio c iaeiiai aieo aoa iaiaeueiaaiee eicae
caii??cueeee, a c ae?oaiai a?oeno?aoea Ieoa?e. I?aei?iaany oiae? oaeee
i?aii? ? ia ei?aaeyo *i?iiii?nueeiai oeioo.
O aa?aci? 1918 ?. Oeaio?aeueia ?aaea caoaa?aeeea aeiaoi-aeaeeoiee i?aii?
neiaieii OI?. C 28 n?/iy 1992 ?. Aa?oiaia ?aaea Oe?a?ie caoaa?aeeea
neiuei-aeiaoee noya Aea?aeaaiei i?aii?ii Oe?a?ie. A Eiinoeoooe?? Oe?a?ie
a?ae 28 /a?aiy 1996 ?. aecia/aii: “Aea?aeaaiee i?aii? Oe?a?ie noya ?c
aeaio ??aiiaaeeeeo ai?eciioaeueieo nioa neiueiai ? aeiaoiai eieuei??a”.
Aei iaea?eueoeo nayoeiue aoaeue-yeiai ia?iaeo iaeaaeeoue ? a?ii. Oea o?
neiaa ? ioceea, ye? ciooothoue eiaeiiai i?ae?eiaoeny i?e ia?oeo aea
aei?aeao, c o?aiaoii a aeoo? neooaoe oo iaeiae?th, yea a?aeiaoiaeeoue
iaeiioa?ii?o? no?oie, eee/a aei aenieiai e na?oeiai. ? oaeee neiaie ? a
oe?a?ioe?a – oea a?ii “Ua ia aia?ea Oe?a?ia”.
Ia?oa ioce/ia neiaie?ea iaoiai ia?iaeo nyaa? /an?a Ee?anueei? ?on?.
Oiae? ?? ?ieue aeeiioaaee aieia? caeeeee oa i?ni?, ye? noai?thaaee
iao??ioe/iee iano??e ia?aae aeoaaie. C oeo /an?a iioe?ththoueny i?ni?
?ae?a?eiiai ci?noo. A ieo aicaaee/othoueny Aiaea Iao??, Ainiiaeue,
nayo?. Aei iaeiioe?ai?oeo aeae?a noa?iaeiii? a?iiiai? i?ni? iaeaaeaoue
eaioaoe, ui aeeiiothoueny oi?ii, o?eaieini? inaeie, ei?ioe? iioaaeuei?
?a/? ia /anoue Aiai?iaeeoe? oa nayoeo.
Ia?aae ai?i c iiiaiei-oaoa?nueeith i?aeith ia Eaeoe? 1223 ?. ?onuee?
ae?oaeeiieee ni?aaee “C iaie Aia, ?icoi?eoa yceoee”. Oaeiae ye a?ii
cao/aea c aono oe?a?inueeeo ai?i?a ia?aae A?thiaaeueaenueeith aeoaith
1410 ?. aieiaa i?niy “Aiai?iaec?ia aecaa?oea”, ui aoea o oie /an
ni?eueiith aeey ia?iae?a Iieueu? ? Eeoae.
O ia??iae eicaoeueei? ?noi??? ia ia?oee ieai aeoiaeyoue i?ni?-a?iie, ui
i?ineaaeythoue iiaeaeae oe??? nai???aeii? noni?eueii? i?aai?caoe??.
Iniaeeai iiioey?iith aoea nii/aoeo “Ioei, oeiioe?, aei ca?i?’. I?ci?oa
iioe?eeeny oae?, ye “I?niy i?i Aaeaeo”, “Ie, ia ai??, oai aeaioe?
aeiooue”, “Canaenoaee eica/aiueee”, ye? iaaoee aaeeei? iiioey?iino?.
Eiee o 1848 ?. o Eueaia? noa? aei aeaaee Aieiaia ?onueea ?aaea, aiia
i?eeia? ca iaoe?iiaeueiee a?ii a??o iooey ?aaia Aooaeaae/a “Ie? aai,
a?aooy”. Ia Caea?iaoo? oiae? ae Ieaenaiae?ii Aeooiiae/ai aoa iaienaiee
a?ii “ss ?onei ?noue ? aoaeo”. Oa naia a o? /ane, o ae?oa?e iieiaei? XIX
no., oi/i?oa o 1862 ?., o Ee?a? c’yaey?oueny a??o a?aeiiiai aoiia?aoa
Iaaea *oaeinueeiai “Ua ia aia?ea Oe?a?ia”. A?i aoa iieeaaeaiee ia ioceeo
Ieoaeeii Aa?aeoeueeei ? iaaaeiac? noaa iiaei iaoe?iiaeueiei a?iiii.
Aia?oa i?niy cacao/aea o nae? Ieei? (nueiaiaei? oea oa?eoi??y Iieueu?),
aea aeea aaoi? ioceee I.Aa?aeoeueeee (iieiaeee nayuaiee). Ea?iaonueea
Oe?a?ia o 1939 ?. cae??ieea caeiiiaeaa/a ye aea?aeaaiee a?ii oeth
i?nith. 1 a?oaeiy 1991 ?. ioce/ia ?aaeaeoe?y iaoe?iiaeueiiai a?iio “Ua
ia aia?ea Oe?a?ia” caoaa?aeaeaia Aea?aeaaiei a?iiii iaoi? aea?aeaae.
E??i oiai /anoi aeeiio?oueny oaeiae “Aiaea Aaeeeee, ?aeeiee, iai Oe?a?io
o?aie” (ioceea I.Eenaiea, neiaa I.Eiionueeiai), “Ie o eoc? /a?aiia
eaeeia” (a?ii Oe?a?inueeeo N?/iaeo No??eueoe?a).
A no/ani?e Eiinoeoooe?? Oe?a?ie a?ae 28 /a?aiy 1996 ?. noaa?aeaeo?oueny:
“Aea?aeaaiee a?ii Oe?a?ie – iaoe?iiaeueiee a?ii ia ioceeo
I.Aa?aeoeueeiai ?c neiaaie, caoaa?aeaeaieie caeiiii, ui i?eeia?oueny ia
iaio ye aeaiia o?aoeiaie a?ae eiinoeoooe?eiiai neeaaeo Aa?oiaii? ?aaee
Oe?a?ie”.
Aeniiaie
Oaeei /eiii, oi?ioaaiiy oe?a?inueei? aea?aeaaii? oa a?enueeiai?
neiaie?ee ia? aeeaie? ?noi?e/i? ei?ai?. ?noi??th ia iiaeia iiaa?iooe
iacaae. Aoiio i?yea ?aeaieia?y ia ciiaea i?eiee aeeeiooe c ieioeiai
ia?iaeo aeiaeii? noi??iee, iniaeeai oeo, ye? iia’ycothoueny c
ai?ioueaith ca naiaiaeo ? iacaeaaei?noue. Aa?a-o?ecoa, neiuei-aeiaoee
i?aii?, a?ii ia ioceeo I.Aa?aeoeueeiai – aoaeooue aeae? eeeeaoe aei
a?ae?iaeaeaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? naiina?aeiiino?, aei oai?aiiy iiaiai
aeeooy, ai a?ae?iaeaeaiiy oea aeaaaeaiiy iaaie?oueo oe?iiinoae iae
aeoie?a ia?iaeo ia ??aaiue eoeueoo?e na?oiai? oeea?e?caoe??.
Oi?ioaaiiy a?enueeiaeo o?aaeeoe?e a no/ani?e oe?a?inuee?e a?i??
iaiao?aeii ?icii/eiaoe c oaeeo aeaiaio?a, ye a?ae?iaeaeaiiy iioaie oa
ethaia? aei Aieiaiai I?aii?o, aa?aa, a?iio ye neiaie?a aea?aeaaiino? oa
niai?iino? Oe?a?ie. Iio??aii aeieeaaeaiiy an?o coneeue, uia a?ae?iaeeoe
? caa?aaoe neaai? iaoe?iiaeuei? a?enueeia? o?aaeeoe??, ai o?eueee a?aeia
nai?? niaaeueie ethaeeia iiaea aooe iaae?eiei caoenieeii Aaouee?aueie.
Iaoe?iiaeuei? a?enueeia? o?aaeeoe??, ye? aeeiiothoue cia/i? aeoiai?
ooieoe??, iiaeooue ? iiaeii? aieeaaoe ia oi?ioaaiiy caei?iaiai
ii?aeueii-ineoieia?/iiai ee?iaoo o a?enueeiaeo eieaeoeaao, i?aoethaaoe
ia i?aeaeuaiiy ai?caeaoiino? oe?a?inueeeo Ca?ieieo Nei.
IEAI
1. Aea?aeaaiee aa?a Oe?a?ie: ?noi??y iioiaeaeaiiy
2. Neiaie?ea Oe?a?inueeiai a?enueea: iiaa?iaiiy aei o?aaeeoe?e
3. Ioce/ia neiaie?ea Oe?a?ie
4. Aeniiaie
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